2026年中考英语基础知识梳理：简单句和并列句

2026中考英语基础知识梳理：简单句和并列句 一、概念 • 简单句：只含一个主谓结构（主语 / 谓语可并列）的句子。 例：We are interested in English. / Both he and I are interested. • 并列句：由两个或多个意义相关的简单句，通过并列连词连接而成（各简单句互不作句子成分）。 例：I love playing basketball, but my brother loves playing soccer. 二、简单句的基本句型（共 5 种，所有句子结构均由其演变） 1. 主语 + 谓语（不及物动词）（S + V） 谓语为不及物动词，自身表意完整，后不接宾语，但可接状语。 例：The rain stopped. / Time flies. 2. 主语 + 谓语（及物动词） + 宾语（S + V + O） 谓语为及物动词，后必须接宾语才能表意完整。 例：I love playing basketball. / She knows French. 3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语（S + V + P） 系动词自身有词义，但需表语（名词 / 形容词等）补充说明主语的状态 / 性质 / 特征 / 身份，共同构成谓语。 • 常见系动词： ◦ be 动词：am, is, are, was, were； ◦ 感官系动词：look（看起来）, sound（听起来）, smell（闻起来）, taste（尝起来）, feel（摸起来）； ◦ 变化系动词：become（变成）, get（变得）, grow（变得）, turn（变得）, go（变得）； ◦ 持续系动词：remain（保持）, stay（保持）, keep（保持）。 例：We should keep the room clean. / This kind of food tastes delicious. 三、并列句的基本结构与并列连词 并列句结构：简单句 + 并列连词 + 简单句。 （一）并列句分类（按连词表意） 1. 并列 / 顺承 / 递进关系：用 and, both...and..., not only...but also..., neither...nor..., as well as 等连接。 例：He is a teacher and his wife is a doctor. / Not only you but also he is wrong. 2. 选择关系：用 or, either...or... 等连接。 例：Hurry up, or you'll be late. / Either he is right or I am. 3. 转折关系：用 but, yet, while 等连接。 例：It is very cold, but he still wears a shirt. / I like English, while my sister likes Chinese. 4. 因果关系：用 so, for 等连接。 例：He was ill, so he didn't go to school. / The ground is wet, for it rained last night. 四、练习 （一）用合适的并列连词填空 1. He is a student, ____ his sister is a teacher. 2. Hurry up, ____ you'll miss the train. 3. She can ____ sing ____ dance. 4. I like apples, ____ my brother likes bananas. 5. It was late, ____ we went home. （二）单项选择 1. Larry gets up at 6:00 a.m. ____ then he exercises in the park. A. so B. but C. and D. or 2. The headmaster will give a talk about school safety ____ all the students this Friday morning. A. in B. to C. at D. on 3. —What would you like to drink? —____ milk ____ tea is OK. I don't mind. A. Either; or B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Not only; but also 4. Hurricanes (飓风) in the last century ____ many coastal cities and caused a lot of damage. A. hits B. hit C. has hit D. had hit 5. China has made great efforts ____ other countries build high-speed railways. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped （三）翻译句子 1. 他不仅会说英语，还会说法语。 _________________________________________________________________ 2. 要么你去，要么他去。 _________________________________________________________________ 3. 她学习很努力，所以取得了好成绩。 _________________________________________________________________ 4. 我喜欢游泳，但我哥哥喜欢跑步。 _________________________________________________________________ 5. 他是一名医生，他的妻子是一名护士。 _________________________________________________________________ 练习答案 （一）用合适的并列连词填空 1. and2. or3. both；and（或 not only；but also）4. but5. so （二）单项选择 1. C2. B3. A4. B5. B （三）翻译句子 1. He can speak not only English but also French.（或 He can both speak English and French.） 2. Either you go or he goes. 3. She studied very hard, so she got good grades. 4. I like swimming, but my brother likes running. 5. He is a doctor, and his wife is a nurse. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $