2026年中考英语基础知识梳理：被动语态

2026中考英语基础知识梳理：被动语态 一、被动语态的定义 表示主语是动作的承受者（即行为动作的对象）的语态。 二、被动语态的构成 由 “be + 及物动词的过去分词” 构成，be 动词有人称、数和时态的变化。 三、被动语态的基本用法 1. 不知道 / 没必要说明动作执行者时，常用被动语态。 例：The bridge was built last year.（不知道桥是谁建的） 2. 需要强调动作承受者时，常用被动语态。 例：English is spoken by many people.（强调 “英语” 是 “被说” 的对象） 四、被动语态的时态构成（以 write 为例） 时态类型 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 The book is written by Lu Xun. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 The house was built 100 years ago. 一般将来时 will/shall be + 过去分词； am/is/are going to be + 过去分词 The work will be finished soon. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词 The road is being repaired now. 过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词 The room was being cleaned when I arrived. 现在完成时 have/has been + 过去分词 The work has been finished. 过去完成时 had been + 过去分词 He said the work had been finished. 含情态动词 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 The work can be done tomorrow. 五、主动语态变被动语态的方法 1. 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语； 2. 把主动语态的谓语动词变为 “be + 过去分词” 形式； 3. 把主动语态的主语变为 by 的宾语（可省略，若需强调执行者则保留）。 例： 主动：People speak English. 被动：English is spoken (by people). 六、特殊结构的被动语态 1. 带双宾语的被动语态 若把间接宾语变被动主语，直接宾语保留；若把直接宾语变被动主语，间接宾语前要加 to 或 for。 例： 主动：He gave me a book. 被动：I was given a book (by him). / A book was given to me (by him). 2. 带复合宾语的被动语态 宾语补足语变 “主语补足语”；若不定式作宾补，to 要还原（let, make, have 等使役动词、see, watch 等感官动词在主动语态中省略 to，被动语态中需还原 to）。 例： 主动：We saw him enter the room. 被动：He was seen to enter the room (by us). 七、练习与真题 1. The play ____ (put) on by good actors last month. 2. Many tall buildings ____ (build) in our city since 2000. 3. The work ____ (finish) in two days. 4. They were made ____ (work) ten hours a day. 5. The old house ____ (buy) by many people. a. —Look at the sign on the right. —Oh, parking ____ (not allow) here. b. These days students in some schools ____ (ask) not to use mobile phones.c. —What do you think of the milk shake? —It ____ (taste) really good. I'd like to drink more.（2024・河北） d. Now more and more people ____ (realize) the importance of health. 特殊说明： • 系动词（如 taste, smell, look 等）无被动语态，用主动形式表被动含义，如 The pancakes taste even crispier. • worth 后用主动形式表被动含义，如 The book is worth reading. 答案： 1. was put（一般过去时的被动语态，play 与 put on 是被动关系） 2. have been built（现在完成时的被动语态，buildings 与 build 是被动关系，“since 2000” 为标志） 3. will be finished（一般将来时的被动语态，work 与 finish 是被动关系，“in two days” 为标志） 4. to work（make 用于被动语态时，不定式宾补需还原 to，即 be made to do sth） 5. was bought（一般过去时的被动语态，house 与 buy 是被动关系） 真题链接答案 a. isn't allowed（一般现在时的被动语态，parking 与 allow 是被动关系，表客观规定） b. are asked（一般现在时的被动语态，students 与 ask 是被动关系，表现在的情况） c. tastes（taste 是系动词，无被动语态，主语 it 为第三人称单数，用一般现在时主动形式） d. are realizing（现在进行时主动形式，强调 “现在越来越多人正意识到” 的动作） 核心要点回顾 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $