2026年中考英语基础知识梳理：被动语态
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2026中考英语基础知识梳理：被动语态
一、被动语态的定义
表示主语是动作的承受者（即行为动作的对象）的语态。
二、被动语态的构成
由 “be + 及物动词的过去分词” 构成，be 动词有人称、数和时态的变化。
三、被动语态的基本用法
1. 不知道 / 没必要说明动作执行者时，常用被动语态。
例：The bridge was built last year.（不知道桥是谁建的）
- 需要强调动作承受者时，常用被动语态。
例：English is spoken by many people.（强调 “英语” 是 “被说” 的对象）
四、被动语态的时态构成（以 write 为例）
时态类型 | 结构 | 例句 |
一般现在时 | am/is/are + 过去分词 | The book is written by Lu Xun. |
一般过去时 | was/were + 过去分词 | The house was built 100 years ago. |
一般将来时 | will/shall be + 过去分词； | The work will be finished soon. |
现在进行时 | am/is/are + being + 过去分词 | The road is being repaired now. |
过去进行时 | was/were + being + 过去分词 | The room was being cleaned when I arrived. |
现在完成时 | have/has been + 过去分词 | The work has been finished. |
过去完成时 | had been + 过去分词 | He said the work had been finished. |
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