Unit 1 Science and Scientists 同步词汇笔记 清单-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册
人教版 选择性必修二 Unit 1 Science and Scientists.同步词汇笔记
序号 | 单词 | 派生词 | 核心考点 | 单词速记 | 例句 |
1 | cholera /ˈkɒlərə/ n. 霍乱 | 无 | 无特殊搭配,指“由细菌引起的急性肠道传染病” | 音译“霍乱”,联想“急性传染病,有腹泻、脱水症状” | Cholera broke out in the poor area due to dirty water.(由于水质不洁,该贫困地区爆发了霍乱。) |
2 | severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj. 极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的 | 1. severely adv. 严重地;严厉地2. severity n. 严重性;严厉 | 1. severe disease(严重疾病)2. severe weather(恶劣天气) | “severe=严重的”,联想“病情、天气的‘严重’程度” | The patient is in severe condition and needs urgent treatment.(病人病情严重,需要紧急治疗。) |
3 | diarrhoea /ˌdaɪəˈrɪə/ n. 腹泻 | 无 | 1. suffer from diarrhoea(患腹泻)2. severe diarrhoea(严重腹泻) | 音译“腹泻”,联想“肠道疾病常见症状” | Diarrhoea is a common symptom of cholera.(腹泻是霍乱的常见症状。) |
4 | dehydration /ˌdiːhaɪˈdreɪʃn/ n. 脱水 | dehydrate vt. 使脱水;vi. 脱水 | 1. suffer from dehydration(患脱水)2. dehydration caused by diarrhoea(腹泻引起的脱水) | 拆分:de-(去除)+ hydr-(水)+ ation→“去除水分”即脱水 | The child was sent to hospital for dehydration after days of diarrhoea.(孩子腹泻多日后因脱水被送医。) |
5 | frustrated /frʌˈstreɪtɪd/ adj. 懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的 | 1. frustrate vt. 使沮丧;阻碍2. frustration n. 沮丧;挫折 | 1. be frustrated with(对……感到沮丧)2. feel frustrated(感到沮丧) | “frustrated=沮丧的”,形容人(区别于frustrating“令人沮丧的”,形容事物) | He was frustrated with his failure in the math exam.(他对数学考试失利感到沮丧。) |
6 | once and for all 最终地;彻底地 | 无 | 固定短语,表“一次性解决,不再重复” | 字面“一次且为了所有”→“彻底一次” | We need to solve this problem once and for all to avoid future trouble.(我们需要彻 |
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序号 | 单词 | 派生词 | 核心考点 | 单词速记 | 例句 |
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| 底解决这个问题,避免日后麻烦。) |
7 | contradictory /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪktəri/ adj. 相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的 | 1. contradict vt. 反驳;与……矛盾2. contradiction n. 矛盾;不一致 | 1. contradictory opinions(矛盾的观点)2. be contradictory to(与……矛盾) | 拆分:contra-(相反)+ dict-(说)+ ory→“说相反的话”→矛盾的 | Their statements about the accident are contradictory to each other.(他们对事故的描述相互矛盾。) |
8 | infection /ɪnˈfekʃn/ n. 感染;传染 | 1. infect vt. 使感染;传染2. infectious adj. 传染性的;感染性的 | 1. viral infection(病毒感染)2. prevent infection(预防感染) | “infect的名词形式”,联想“病原体侵入人体引发的状态” | The wound is at risk of infection if not cleaned properly.(伤口若清洁不当,有感染风险。) |
9 | infect /ɪnˈfekt/ vt. 使感染;传染 | 1. infection n. 感染;传染2. infectious adj. 传染性的 | 1. infect sb. with sth.(使某人感染某物,如infect with virus)2. be infected with(被感染,被动语态) | “infect=感染”,强调“病原体传播给生物” | The virus can infect people through close contact with patients.(该病毒可通过与患者密切接触感染人。) |
10 | germ /dʒɜːm/ n. 微生物;细菌;病菌 | 无 | 1. kill germs(杀菌)2. harmful germs(有害病菌) | “germ=病菌,细菌”,日常语境中常指“致病微生物” | Washing hands with soap can help remove most germs on the skin.(用肥皂洗手可去除皮肤表面大部分病菌。) |
11 | subscribe /səbˈskraɪb/ vi. 认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费);subscribe to 同意;赞同 | subscription n. 订阅;认购;会员费 | 1. subscribe to a magazine(订阅杂志)2. subscribe to a view(同意某观点) | “subscribe=订阅;同意”,to为介词,后接名词/动名词 | I subscribe to the belief that education should be free for all.(我认同“教育应面向所有人免费”的观点。) |
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序号 | 单词 | 派生词 | 核心考点 | 单词速记 | 例句 |
12 | proof /pruːf/ n. 证据;证明;检验 | prove vt. 证明;证实 | 1. provide proof(提供证据)2. proof of sth.(某物的证据,如proof of identity) | “prove的名词形式”,联想“证明某事真实性的材料” | He has no proof to show he was not at the crime scene.(他没有证据证明自己不在犯罪现场。) |
13 | multiple /ˈmʌltɪpl/ adj. 数量多的;多种多样的 | 1. multiply vt. 乘;增加;vi. 繁殖2. multiplication n. 乘法;增加 | 1. multiple choices(多项选择)2. multiple reasons(多种原因) | “multiple=多个的”,后接复数名词,如“multiple ways(多种方法)” | The problem can be solved in multiple ways, so choose the easiest one.(这个问题有多种解法,选最简单的即可。) |
14 | pump /pʌmp/ n. 泵;抽水机;打气筒;water pump 水泵 | pump vt. 用泵抽(水/气等);vi. 抽水 | 1. water pump(水泵)2. air pump(打气筒) | “pump=泵”,联想“用于抽水、打气的工具” | The old water pump in the village was replaced with a new one last month.(村里的旧水泵上个月被换成了新的。) |
15 | household /ˈhaʊshəʊld/ n. 一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人 | 无 | 1. household chores(家务)2. average household(普通家庭) | 拆分:house(房子)+ hold(持有,容纳)→“住在同一房子里的人”即家庭 | Each household in this community has access to clean drinking water.(该社区每户家庭都能用到干净的饮用水。) |
16 | suspect /səbˈspekt/ vt. & vi. 怀疑;疑有;不信任;/ˈsʌspekt/ n. 犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象 | 1. suspicion n. 怀疑;猜疑2. suspicious adj. 可疑的;怀疑的 | 1. suspect sb. of sth.(怀疑某人做某事,如suspect of theft)2. a suspect in the case(案件嫌疑人) | “动词重音在后/səbˈspekt/,名词重音在前/ˈsʌspekt/” | The police suspect him of being involved in the bank robbery.(警方怀疑他参与了银行抢劫案。) |
17 | blame /bleɪm/ vt. 把……归咎于; | blameful adj. 应受责备的(高中少见) | 1. blame sb. for sth.(因某事责怪某人)2. take the | “blame=责怪”,无被动语态(不能说“sb. is blamed for” | Don't blame the child for the mistake—he didn't do it on |
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