摘要:
该高中英语知识清单系统梳理了人教版选择性必修二Unit 1“Science and Scientists”主题的词汇体系。从基础疾病类词汇(如cholera, diarrhoea)到科学研究相关词汇(如infection, microscope),再到拓展性学科词汇(如epidemiology, aerospace),构建从基础认知到学科应用的学习支架。
知识链路按主题关联逻辑清晰呈现,每个词汇涵盖派生词、核心搭配、速记方法和语境例句。通过词根词缀拆分(如dehydration)、联想记忆(如“霍乱”音译)等学科特色方法,提升学生语言能力,培养科学思维品质,助力高效词汇学习与应用。
内容正文:
人教版 选择性必修二 Unit 1 Science and Scientists.同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
派生词
核心考点
单词速记
例句
1
cholera /ˈkɒlərə/ n. 霍乱
无
无特殊搭配,指“由细菌引起的急性肠道传染病”
音译“霍乱”,联想“急性传染病,有腹泻、脱水症状”
Cholera broke out in the poor area due to dirty water.(由于水质不洁,该贫困地区爆发了霍乱。)
2
severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj. 极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的
1. severely adv. 严重地;严厉地2. severity n. 严重性;严厉
1. severe disease(严重疾病)2. severe weather(恶劣天气)
“severe=严重的”,联想“病情、天气的‘严重’程度”
The patient is in severe condition and needs urgent treatment.(病人病情严重,需要紧急治疗。)
3
diarrhoea /ˌdaɪəˈrɪə/ n. 腹泻
无
1. suffer from diarrhoea(患腹泻)2. severe diarrhoea(严重腹泻)
音译“腹泻”,联想“肠道疾病常见症状”
Diarrhoea is a common symptom of cholera.(腹泻是霍乱的常见症状。)
4
dehydration /ˌdiːhaɪˈdreɪʃn/ n. 脱水
dehydrate vt. 使脱水;vi. 脱水
1. suffer from dehydration(患脱水)2. dehydration caused by diarrhoea(腹泻引起的脱水)
拆分:de-(去除)+ hydr-(水)+ ation→“去除水分”即脱水
The child was sent to hospital for dehydration after days of diarrhoea.(孩子腹泻多日后因脱水被送医。)
5
frustrated /frʌˈstreɪtɪd/ adj. 懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的
1. frustrate vt. 使沮丧;阻碍2. frustration n. 沮丧;挫折
1. be frustrated with(对……感到沮丧)2. feel frustrated(感到沮丧)
“frustrated=沮丧的”,形容人(区别于frustrating“令人沮丧的”,形容事物)
He was frustrated with his failure in the math exam.(他对数学考试失利感到沮丧。)
6
once and for all 最终地;彻底地
无
固定短语,表“一次性解决,不再重复”
字面“一次且为了所有”→“彻底一次”
We need to solve this problem once and for all to avoid future trouble.(我们需要彻底解决这个问题,避免日后麻烦。)
7
contradictory /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪktəri/ adj. 相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的
1. contradict vt. 反驳;与……矛盾2. contradiction n. 矛盾;不一致
1. contradictory opinions(矛盾的观点)2. be contradictory to(与……矛盾)
拆分:contra-(相反)+ dict-(说)+ ory→“说相反的话”→矛盾的
Their statements about the accident are contradictory to each other.(他们对事故的描述相互矛盾。)
8
infection /ɪnˈfekʃn/ n. 感染;传染
1. infect vt. 使感染;传染2. infectious adj. 传染性的;感染性的
1. viral infection(病毒感染)2. prevent infection(预防感染)
“infect的名词形式”,联想“病原体侵入人体引发的状态”
The wound is at risk of infection if not cleaned properly.(伤口若清洁不当,有感染风险。)
9
infect /ɪnˈfekt/ vt. 使感染;传染
1. infection n. 感染;传染2. infectious adj. 传染性的
1. infect sb. with sth.(使某人感染某物,如infect with virus)2. be infected with(被感染,被动语态)
“infect=感染”,强调“病原体传播给生物”
The virus can infect people through close contact with patients.(该病毒可通过与患者密切接触感染人。)
10
germ /dʒɜːm/ n. 微生物;细菌;病菌
无
1. kill germs(杀菌)2. harmful germs(有害病菌)
“germ=病菌,细菌”,日常语境中常指“致病微生物”
Washing hands with soap can help remove most germs on the skin.(用肥皂洗手可去除皮肤表面大部分病菌。)
11
subscribe /səbˈskraɪb/ vi. 认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费);subscribe to 同意;赞同
subscription n. 订阅;认购;会员费
1. subscribe to a magazine(订阅杂志)2. subscribe to a view(同意某观点)
“subscribe=订阅;同意”,to为介词,后接名词/动名词
I subscribe to the belief that education should be free for all.(我认同“教育应面向所有人免费”的观点。)
12
proof /pruːf/ n. 证据;证明;检验
prove vt. 证明;证实
1. provide proof(提供证据)2. proof of sth.(某物的证据,如proof of identity)
“prove的名词形式”,联想“证明某事真实性的材料”
He has no proof to show he was not at the crime scene.(他没有证据证明自己不在犯罪现场。)
13
multiple /ˈmʌltɪpl/ adj. 数量多的;多种多样的
1. multiply vt. 乘;增加;vi. 繁殖2. multiplication n. 乘法;增加
1. multiple choices(多项选择)2. multiple reasons(多种原因)
“multiple=多个的”,后接复数名词,如“multiple ways(多种方法)”
The problem can be solved in multiple ways, so choose the easiest one.(这个问题有多种解法,选最简单的即可。)
14
pump /pʌmp/ n. 泵;抽水机;打气筒;water pump 水泵
pump vt. 用泵抽(水/气等);vi. 抽水
1. water pump(水泵)2. air pump(打气筒)
“pump=泵”,联想“用于抽水、打气的工具”
The old water pump in the village was replaced with a new one last month.(村里的旧水泵上个月被换成了新的。)
15
household /ˈhaʊshəʊld/ n. 一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人
无
1. household chores(家务)2. average household(普通家庭)
拆分:house(房子)+ hold(持有,容纳)→“住在同一房子里的人”即家庭
Each household in this community has access to clean drinking water.(该社区每户家庭都能用到干净的饮用水。)
16
suspect /səbˈspekt/ vt. & vi. 怀疑;疑有;不信任;/ˈsʌspekt/ n. 犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象
1. suspicion n. 怀疑;猜疑2. suspicious adj. 可疑的;怀疑的
1. suspect sb. of sth.(怀疑某人做某事,如suspect of theft)2. a suspect in the case(案件嫌疑人)
“动词重音在后/səbˈspekt/,名词重音在前/ˈsʌspekt/”
The police suspect him of being involved in the bank robbery.(警方怀疑他参与了银行抢劫案。)
17
blame /bleɪm/ vt. 把……归咎于;责怪;指责;n. 责备;指责
blameful adj. 应受责备的(高中少见)
1. blame sb. for sth.(因某事责怪某人)2. take the blame(承担责任)
“blame=责怪”,无被动语态(不能说“sb. is blamed for”表主动责怪,被动表“被指责”)
Don't blame the child for the mistake—he didn't do it on purpose.(别责怪孩子犯这个错,他不是故意的。)
18
handle /ˈhændl/ n. 把手;拉手;柄;vt. 处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
无
1. door handle(门把手)2. handle a problem(处理问题)
“handle=把手(名词);处理(动词)”,一词多义高频词
She is experienced in handling customer complaints.(她在处理客户投诉方面很有经验。)
19
intervention /ˌɪntəˈvenʃn/ n. 介入;出面;干涉
intervene vi. 介入;干预;插嘴
1. government intervention(政府介入)2. medical intervention(医疗干预)
“intervene的名词形式”,联想“第三方参与解决问题”
Early medical intervention can greatly improve the patient's recovery rate.(早期医疗干预能显著提高患者的治愈率。)
20
link /lɪŋk/ n. 联系;纽带;vt. 把……连接起来;相关联
linkage n. 联系;连接(高中少见)
1. link A to B(把A和B联系起来)2. a link between A and B(A和B之间的联系)
“link=联系”,可指具体“连接物”或抽象“关联”
Scientists have found a close link between smoking and lung cancer.(科学家发现吸烟与肺癌之间存在密切联系。)
21
raw /rɔː/ adj. 未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的
无
1. raw food(生食,如raw fish)2. raw material(原材料)
“raw=生的;未处理的”,联想“未加工的食物或材料”
Eating raw meat may lead to infection with harmful bacteria.(吃生肉可能会感染有害细菌。)
22
pure /pjʊə(r)/ adj. 干净的;纯的;纯粹的
1. purity n. 纯净;纯度2. purely adv. 纯粹地;仅仅
1. pure water(纯净水)2. pure gold(纯金)
“pure=纯净的”,强调“无杂质”
The water from this spring is so pure that it can be drunk directly.(这口泉水非常纯净,可直接饮用。)
23
substantial /səbˈstænʃl/ adj. 大量的;价值巨大的;重大的
substance n. 物质;实质;主旨
1. substantial progress(显著进步)2. substantial amount of money(大笔资金)
拆分:substance(实质)+ ial→“有实质内容的”→“重大的;大量的”
The company has made substantial investments in renewable energy.(该公司在可再生能源领域投入了大量资金。)
24
decrease /ˈdiːkriːs/ n. 减少;降低;减少量;/dɪˈkriːs/ vt. & vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低
decreasing adj. 减少的;下降的
1. a decrease in sth.(某物的减少,如a decrease in temperature)2. decrease by(减少了……,后接百分比/数量)
“名词重音在前/ˈdiːkriːs/,动词重音在后/dɪˈkriːs/”
The number of students in this school has decreased by 10% in the past year.(过去一年,这所学校的学生数量减少了10%。)
25
thanks to 幸亏;由于
无
1. thanks to sb./sth.(多亏某人/某物,可接积极或消极原因)2. 作状语,区别于because(后接从句)
“thanks to=幸亏”,口语和书面语均常用
Thanks to his timely help, we managed to finish the project before the deadline.(多亏他及时帮忙,我们才得以在截止日期前完成项目。)
26
statistic /stəˈtɪstɪk/ n. [pl. -s] 统计数字;统计资料;统计学
1. statistics n. 统计学;统计数据(复数)2. statistical adj. 统计的;统计学的
1. official statistics(官方统计数据)2. collect statistics(收集统计数据)
“单数statistic表‘单个统计数字’,复数statistics表‘统计数据/统计学’”
The statistics released by the government show that unemployment rate is falling.(政府发布的统计数据显示失业率正在下降。)
27
transform /trænsˈfɔːm/ vt. 使改观;使改变形态;vi. 改变;转变
transformation n. 转变;改观;改革
1. transform sth. into sth.(把某物转变成某物)2. transform one's life(改变某人的生活)
拆分:trans-(跨越,转变)+ form(形态)→“改变形态”→改观
The Internet has transformed the way people work and communicate.(互联网改变了人们工作和沟通的方式。)
28
epidemiology /ˌepɪˌdiːmiˈɒlədʒi/ n. 流行病学
epidemiological adj. 流行病学的
无特殊搭配,指“研究疾病在人群中传播规律的学科”
拆分:epi-(在……之上)+ dem-(人群)+ ology(学科)→“研究人群疾病的学科”
She majors in epidemiology to study how infectious diseases spread.(她主修流行病学,研究传染病的传播规律。)
29
microscope /ˈmaɪkrəskəʊp/ n. 显微镜
microscopic adj. 微观的;微小的;用显微镜的
1. use a microscope(使用显微镜)2. optical microscope(光学显微镜)
拆分:micro-(微小的)+ scope(观察仪器)→“观察微小物体的仪器”
Scientists use a microscope to observe cells and germs.(科学家用显微镜观察细胞和病菌。)
30
thinking /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/ n. 思想;思维;见解
1. think vt. & vi. 思考;认为2. thought n. 想法;思想;思考
1. critical thinking(批判性思维)2. independent thinking(独立思考)
“think的动名词形式,表‘抽象的思维或思想’”
Developing critical thinking skills is important for middle school students.(培养批判性思维能力对中学生很重要。)
31
protein /ˈprəʊtiːn/ n. 蛋白质
无
1. animal protein(动物蛋白,如肉、蛋)2. plant protein(植物蛋白,如豆类、坚果)
“protein=蛋白质”,人体必需的营养素之一
Eating enough protein every day is good for muscle growth and repair.(每天摄入足够的蛋白质有助于肌肉生长和修复。)
32
cell /sel/ n. 细胞;小房间;单间牢房
cellular adj. 细胞的;由细胞构成的
1. blood cell(血细胞)2. plant cell / animal cell(植物细胞/动物细胞)
“cell=细胞”,生物结构和功能的基本单位
Human bodies are composed of trillions of cells with different functions.(人体由数万亿个功能不同的细胞构成。)
33
virus /ˈvaɪrəs/ n. 病毒
viral adj. 病毒的;病毒性的
1. viral infection(病毒感染)2. computer virus(电脑病毒)
“virus=病毒”,需寄生在活细胞内才能繁殖
This new virus spreads quickly through respiratory droplets.(这种新病毒通过飞沫快速传播。)
34
finding /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/ n. 发现;调查结果;(法律)判决
find vt. & vi. 发现;找到
1. research findings(研究发现)2. official findings(官方调查结果)
“find的动名词形式,表‘正式的发现或调查结果’”
The findings of this study were published in a top scientific journal.(该研究的发现发表在一本顶级科学期刊上。)
35
initial /ɪˈnɪʃl/ adj. 最初的;开始的;第一的
initially adv. 最初;起初
1. initial stage(初始阶段)2. initial plan(初步计划)
“initial=最初的”,强调“开始阶段的”
We need to make an initial assessment before starting the project.(项目开始前,我们需要做初步评估。)
36
vaccine /ˈvæksiːn/ n. 疫苗
1. vaccinate vt. 给……接种疫苗2. vaccination n. 接种疫苗;疫苗接种
1. vaccine against sth.(对抗某物的疫苗,如vaccine against COVID-19)2. get a vaccine(接种疫苗)
“vaccine=疫苗”,用于预防特定传染病
Most children receive vaccines against common diseases when they are young.(大多数儿童在幼年时会接种预防常见疾病的疫苗。)
37
framework /ˈfreɪmwɜːk/ n. 框架;结构;theoretical framework 理论框架
无
1. theoretical framework(理论框架)2. legal framework(法律框架)
拆分:frame(框架)+ work(结构)→“支撑整体的框架结构”
This report provides a clear framework for solving environmental problems.(这份报告为解决环境问题提供了清晰的框架。)
38
solid /ˈsɒlɪd/ adj. 可靠的;固体的;坚实的;n. 固体
solidly adv. 坚固地;扎实地;连续地
1. solid evidence(确凿证据)2. solid performance(稳定表现)
“solid=可靠的;固体的”,形容词和名词均可作
The team has a solid foundation in English, so they won the competition.(该团队英语基础扎实,因此赢得了比赛。)
39
cast /kɑːst/ vt. (cast, cast) 投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷
cast n. 演员表;铸件(高中少见)
1. cast a shadow(投下阴影)2. cast a glance at(瞥一眼……)
“cast=投射”,过去式和过去分词均为cast(不规则变化)
The tall building cast a long shadow on the street in the afternoon.(下午,这栋高楼在街道上投下了长长的影子。)
40
shadow /ˈʃædəʊ/ n. 阴影;影子;背光处
shadowy adj. 阴暗的;模糊的;不明的
1. in the shadow of(在……的阴影下)2. cast a shadow on(给……投下阴影;给……带来负面影响)
“shadow=影子;阴影”,可指具体“影子”或抽象“负面影响”
The economic crisis cast a shadow on the country's development.(经济危机给该国的发展带来了负面影响。)
41
rainbow /ˈreɪnbəʊ/ n. 彩虹
无
1. see a rainbow(看到彩虹)2. a rainbow of colors(五颜六色)
拆分:rain(雨)+ bow(弓)→“雨后像弓一样的彩色光带”
We were lucky to see a beautiful rainbow after the heavy rain.(大雨过后,我们有幸看到了一道美丽的彩虹。)
42
pour /pɔː(r)/ vt. 倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料);vi. 倾泻;下大雨
无
1. pour sth. into sth.(把某物倒入某物,如pour water into a cup)2. It's pouring.(下大雨了。,口语常用)
“pour=倒出;下大雨”,动词可及物或不及物
She poured a cup of hot tea for her grandmother to keep warm.(她给奶奶倒了一杯热茶取暖。)
43
concrete /ˈkɒŋkriːt/ n. 混凝土;adj. 混凝土制的;确实的;具体的
无
1. concrete building(混凝土建筑)2. concrete plans(具体计划)
“concrete=混凝土(名词);具体的(形容词)”,一词多义
We need to put forward concrete solutions instead of just talking.(我们需要提出具体的解决方案,而不只是空谈。)
44
plasma /ˈplæzmə/ n. 血浆
无
1. blood plasma(血浆)2. donate plasma(捐献血浆)
“plasma=血浆”,血液中淡黄色的液体部分
Doctors used his donated blood plasma to save the seriously ill patient.(医生用他捐献的血浆挽救了那位重症患者。)
45
aerospace /ˈeərəʊspeɪs/ n. 航空航天工业
aerospace adj. 航空航天的;与航空航天有关的
1. aerospace industry(航空航天工业)2. aerospace technology(航空航天技术)
拆分:aero-(航空)+ space(航天)→“航空和航天相关的工业”
Many countries are investing heavily in aerospace research and development.(许多国家在航空航天研发领域投入巨资。)
46
patriotic /ˌpeɪtriˈɒtɪk/ adj. 爱国的
1. patriot n. 爱国者2. patriotism n. 爱国主义;爱国精神
1. patriotic feelings(爱国情怀)2. patriotic actions(爱国行为)
拆分:patriot(爱国者)+ ic(形容词后缀)→“爱国的”
His patriotic speeches inspired many young people to serve their country.(他的爱国演讲激励了许多年轻人为国家服务。)
47
mechanical /məˈkænɪkl/ adj. 机械的;发动机的;机器的;mechanic /məˈkænɪk/ n. 机械师;机械修理工
mechanics n. 力学;机械学;机械装置
1. mechanical problem(机械故障)2. mechanical device(机械设备)
“mechanic(机械师)+ al→机械的”,与“机器、发动机”相关
The car broke down on the highway due to a mechanical fault.(汽车因机械故障在高速公路上抛锚了。)
48
break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
无
1. break out(无被动语态,主语为事件,如war, fire)2. break out of(逃离……,如break out of prison)
“break out=爆发”,强调“突发事件的突然发生”
A big fire broke out in the old factory last night, but no one was hurt.(昨晚这家旧工厂爆发了一场大火,但无人受伤。)
49
aviation /ˌeɪviˈeɪʃn/ n. 航空制造业;航空;飞行
aviation adj. 航空的;飞行的
1. civil aviation(民用航空)2. aviation industry(航空业)
拆分:avi-(飞行)+ ation(名词后缀)→“与飞行相关的行业”
The development of aviation has made long-distance travel much easier.(航空业的发展让长途旅行变得容易多了。)
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defend /dɪˈfend/ vt. 保卫;防守;辩解
1. defence (AmE defense) n. 防御;保卫;辩解2. defensive adj. 防御的;防守的;辩解的
1. defend one's country(保卫国家)2. defend oneself(自卫;为自己辩解)
“defend=保卫;辩解”,可指“保护实体”或“为自己辩护”
Soldiers swear to defend their motherland with their lives.(士兵们宣誓要用生命保卫祖国。)
51
jet /dʒet/ n. 喷气式飞机
jet vt. & vi. 喷射;喷出(高中少见)
1. jet plane(喷气式飞机,可简称为jet)2. jet engine(喷气发动机)
“jet=喷气式飞机”,日常语境中常用简称
They took a jet to New York for a business meeting.(他们乘喷气式飞机去纽约开商务会议。)
52
assistant /əˈsɪstənt/ n. 助理;助手;in charge of 主管;掌管
1. assist vt. & vi. 帮助;协助2. assistance n. 帮助;援助
1. personal assistant(私人助理)2. assist sb. with sth.(协助某人做某事,动词assist搭配)
“assist(帮助)+ ant(表‘人’后缀)→助手,助理”
She works as an assistant to the manager and helps with daily tasks.(她担任经理助理,协助处理日常事务。)
53
missile /ˈmɪsaɪl/ n. 导弹
无
1. guided missile(导弹,字面“制导导弹”,常用简称)2. ballistic missile(弹道导弹)
“missile=导弹”,指“能远程精准打击的武器”
The country successfully tested a new type of guided missile last week.(该国上周成功测试了一种新型导弹。)
54
leadership /ˈliːdəʃɪp/ n. 领导;领导地位;领导才能
1. leader n. 领导者;领袖2. lead vt. & vi. 领导;带领
1. leadership skills(领导才能)2. take leadership(担任领导;发挥领导作用)
“leader(领导者)+ ship(抽象名词后缀,表‘能力/地位’)→领导才能”
His excellent leadership helped the team overcome many difficulties.(他出色的领导才能帮助团队克服了许多困难。)
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trace /treɪs/ vt. 追溯;追踪;查出;n. 痕迹;遗迹;踪迹
traceable adj. 可追溯的;可追踪的
1. trace back to(追溯到……,如trace back to ancient times)2. leave a trace(留下痕迹)
“trace=追溯;痕迹”,动词表“追查根源”,名词表“残留痕迹”
This tradition can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty.(这个传统可追溯到唐朝。)
56
outstanding /aʊtˈstændɪŋ/ adj. 优秀的;杰出的;明显的
无
1. outstanding student(优秀学生)2. outstanding achievements(杰出成就)
“outstand(突出)+ ing→‘突出的’→优秀的,杰出的”
She is an outstanding pianist who has won many international awards.(她是一位杰出的钢琴家,赢得了许多国际奖项。)
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gifted /ˈɡɪftɪd/ adj. 有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的;come down with 患(病);染上(小病)
gift n. 天赋;礼物;vt. 赋予(天赋)
1. gifted in(在……方面有天赋,如gifted in music)2. come down with a cold/fever(感冒/发烧)
“gift(天赋)+ ed→有天赋的”;“come down with=生病,后接疾病名称”
He is gifted in painting and has held several personal exhibitions.(他在绘画方面有天赋,已举办过多次个人画展。);She came down with a fever and had to stay home.(她发烧了,不得不待在家里。)
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abstract /ˈæbstrækt/ adj. 抽象的;理论上的;n.(文献等的)摘要
abstract vt. 提取;抽象化(高中少见)
1. abstract concept(抽象概念,如“正义”“自由”)2. abstract of a paper(论文摘要)
“形容词和名词重音均在前/ˈæbstrækt/”,区别于“具体的(concrete)”
Abstract art is often difficult for children to understand.(抽象艺术通常让儿童难以理解。)
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steady /ˈstedi/ adj. 稳定的;平稳的;稳步的
steadily adv. 稳定地;平稳地;持续地
1. steady growth(稳定增长)2. steady job(稳定的工作)
“steady=稳定的”,强调“不波动、持续发展”
The company has maintained steady profits for five consecutive years.(该公司已连续五年保持稳定盈利。)
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concept /ˈkɒnsept/ n. 概念;观念
conceptual adj. 概念的;观念的
1. basic concept(基本概念)2. new concept(新概念)
“concept=概念”,指“对事物的抽象理解”
It's important for students to master basic mathematical concepts.(学生掌握基本的数学概念很重要。)
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astronomer /əˈstrɒnəmə(r)/ n. 天文学家;astronomy /əˈstrɒnəmi/ n. 天文学
astronomical adj. 天文学的;极大的
1. famous astronomer(著名天文学家,如Copernicus)2. study astronomy(学习天文学)
“astronomy(天文学)+ er(表‘人’后缀)→天文学家”
Nicolaus Copernicus was a great astronomer who proposed the heliocentric theory.(尼古拉·哥白尼是提出日心说的伟大天文学家。)
62
telescope /ˈtelɪskəʊp/ n. 望远镜
telescopic adj. 望远镜的;远视的;能伸缩的
1. astronomical telescope(天文望远镜)2. look through a telescope(通过望远镜观察)
拆分:tele-(遥远的)+ scope(观察仪器)→“观察遥远物体的仪器”
He likes to look at the stars through his telescope at night.(他喜欢晚上用望远镜观察星星。)
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besides /bɪˈsaɪdz/ prep. 除……之外(还);adv. 而且;此外
无
1. besides sth./sb.(除……之外还有,包含后者)2. 区别于except(除……之外没有,排除后者)
“besides=除……之外还有”,后接名词/代词/动名词
Besides English, she can also speak French and Japanese fluently.(除了英语,她还能流利地说法语和日语。)
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brilliant /ˈbrɪliənt/ adj. 聪颖的;绝妙的;明亮的
brilliantly adv. 出色地;绝妙地;明亮地
1. brilliant idea(绝妙的主意)2. brilliant student(聪颖的学生)
“brilliant=聪颖的;绝妙的”,程度强于“good”
She came up with a brilliant plan to solve the difficult problem.(她想出了一个绝妙的计划来解决这个难题。)
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furthermore /ˌfɜːðəˈmɔː(r)/ adv. 此外;再者;above all 最重要的是;尤其是
无
1. furthermore(表递进,比besides更正式)2. above all(表强调,用于列举中的重点)
“furthermore=此外”;“above all=最重要的是”
The house is large and comfortable; furthermore, it's in a good location.(这房子大而舒适,此外,位置也很好。);We need to be kind, honest, and above all, responsible.(我们要善良、诚实,最重要的是要有责任心。)
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fault /fɔːlt/ n. 弱点;过错
1. faulty adj. 有故障的;有错误的2. faultless adj. 无错的;完美的(反义词)
1. find fault with(挑剔;找茬)2. it's one's fault(是某人的错)
“fault=过错;弱点”,指“个人的失误或事物的缺陷”
It's not his fault that the project failed—we all made mistakes.(项目失败不是他的错,我们都有责任。)
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shift /ʃɪft/ n. 改变;转换;轮班;vi. & vt. 转移;挪动;转向
无
1. shift from A to B(从A转向B,如shift from theory to practice)2. shift work(轮班工作)
“shift=改变;轮班”,可指“抽象的观念转变”或“具体的轮班”
The company decided to shift its focus from manufacturing to service.(该公司决定将重心从制造业转向服务业。)
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vivid /ˈvɪvɪd/ adj. 生动的;鲜明的;丰富的
vividly adv. 生动地;鲜明地
1. vivid memory(清晰的记忆)2. vivid description(生动的描述)
“vivid=生动的”,强调“画面感强、印象深刻”
Her vivid description of the trip made us feel like we were there.(她对旅行的生动描述让我们仿佛身临其境。)
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Queen Victoria /vɪkˈtɔːriə/ 维多利亚女王(英国女王)
无
专有名词,指“1837-1901年在位的英国女王,统治时期为‘维多利亚时代’”
“Queen Victoria=英国维多利亚女王”
Queen Victoria's reign was one of the longest in British history.(维多利亚女王的统治是英国历史上持续时间最长的时期之一。)
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Cambridge /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/ 剑桥(英国城市)
无
1. Cambridge University(剑桥大学,世界顶尖高校)2. 英国英格兰东部城市,以教育和科研闻名
“Cambridge=剑桥,英国城市,有剑桥大学”
He studied physics at Cambridge University in the 1980s.(他20世纪80年代在剑桥大学学习物理学。)
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non-Newtonian fluid /ˌnɒn njuːˈtəʊniən ˈfluːɪd/ 非牛顿流体
无
专有名词,物理概念,指“黏度不随剪切速率变化的流体(如玉米淀粉糊)”
拆分:non-(非)+ Newtonian(牛顿的)+ fluid(流体)→非牛顿流体
A mixture of cornstarch and water is a typical non-Newtonian fluid.(玉米淀粉和水的混合物是典型的非牛顿流体。)
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the Jet Propulsion /prəˈpʌlʃn/ Laboratory 喷气推进实验室(美国)
无
专有名词,简称JPL,美国NASA下属机构,专注于航天探测器研发
“Jet Propulsion Laboratory=JPL,美国航空航天机构”
The Jet Propulsion Laboratory developed the Mars rover Perseverance.(喷气推进实验室研发了“毅力号”火星车。)
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Stephen Hawking /ˈstiːvən ˈhɔːkɪŋ/ 史蒂芬·霍金(英国物理学家)
无
专有名词,英国物理学家,研究黑洞和宇宙论,著有《时间简史》
“Stephen Hawking=英国物理学家,黑洞研究权威”
Stephen Hawking was a famous physicist who made important contributions to the study of black holes.(史蒂芬·霍金是著名物理学家,对黑洞研究做出了重要贡献。)
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the big bang theory 大爆炸宇宙论
无
专有名词,宇宙起源理论,认为宇宙由一次“大爆炸”产生并膨胀
“big bang theory=大爆炸宇宙论,宇宙起源主流理论”
Most scientists accept the big bang theory as the explanation for the origin of the universe.(大多数科学家认同大爆炸宇宙论是宇宙起源的解释。)
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Fred Hoyle /ˈfred ˈhɔɪl/ 弗雷德·霍伊尔(英国天文学家)
无
专有名词,英国天文学家,提出“稳态宇宙论”,与大爆炸理论对立
“Fred Hoyle=英国天文学家,稳态宇宙论提出者”
Fred Hoyle was a British astronomer who proposed the steady state theory of the universe.(弗雷德·霍伊尔是提出宇宙稳态理论的英国天文学家。)
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