2026年人教版中考英语基础知识梳理：现在完成时

2026年中考英语基础知识梳理：现在完成时 2026年中考英语基础知识梳理：现在完成时 1、 概念 现在完成时表示过去发生过或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响、结果和现在有联系；也可表示动作到现在为止已经完成或持续了一段时间。 二、基本结构 （一）现在完成时的基本结构 • 肯定式：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 • 否定式：主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 • 一般疑问式：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has. 否定回答：No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't. （二）过去分词的构成 1. 规则变化： ◦ 一般在动词原形末尾加 - ed，如：work → worked, stay → stayed； ◦ 以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，加 - d，如：close → closed, live → lived； ◦ 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i，再加 - ed，如：study → studied, carry → carried； ◦ 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母，再加 - ed，如：stop → stopped, admit → admitted。 2. 不规则变化（需特殊记忆）： ◦ 例：do → done, go → gone ◦ 例句练习： ◦ He first visited China in 2008, and soon developed a deep interest in traditional Chinese culture. (2024・广东) ◦ Hi, Grace. ______ you ______ about this boy, Mark? He's so excellent. (2024・苏州) ◦ 3D technology is developing rapidly, and some other ways of printing in metal are also being studied, which are going to be more important. ◦ I'm Tom. I'm part small mail. (2024・内江) ◦ In Shantou over a year. (2024・凉山) ◦ Chinese food outside of China? (2024・青海) （三）句式 • 肯定句： We/You/They + have + 过去分词 + 其他. I/He/She/It + has + 过去分词 + 其他. 例：We have finished the report. He/She has finished breakfast. • 否定句： We/You/They + have + not + 过去分词 + 其他. I/He/She/It + has + not + 过去分词 + 其他. 例：We have not finished the report. He/She has not (hasn't) finished breakfast. • 一般疑问句： Have + we/you/they + 过去分词 + 其他？ Has + I/he/she/it + 过去分词 + 其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has. 否定回答：No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't. 例：— Have you finished the report? — Yes, we have./No, we haven't. — Has she finished breakfast? — Yes, she has./No, she hasn't. 三、特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ 例：Why have you not painted the room yellow? Why has he not eaten yet? 四、练习 （一）单项选择 1. — Oh, I'm looking for a pair of shoes. — OK. Here are a lot of shoes for you ______. A. choose B. were coming C. came to D. to choose from 2. — Have you ever ______ the Great Wall? — Yes, I went there with my parents in 2019. (2024・凉山州) A. been to B. gone to C. been in D. gone in （二）翻译 1. 我来北京还不到十分钟呢，我爷爷现在还在车站等我。 I ______ ______ ______ in Beijing for more than ten minutes. My grandpa is still waiting for me at the station. 2. 李华当出租车司机已经有五年的时间了。 Li Hua ______ ______ as a taxi driver for five years. 【注】 • have been to：表示去过某个地方，现在已经回来了。 • have gone to：表示去了某个地方（现在还在途中或已经在那里了）。 练习三 1. — Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? — Sure. Here you are. (2024・广安) A. have B. have left C. leave D. was leaving 2. — Lucy, where is Mi? — He ______ Beijing to attend a meeting. (2024・凉山州) A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has gone in （三）用 already, just, ever, never, recently, yet 填空 1. — Have you ______ been to Xi'an? — Believe it or not, I have never been to Xi'an. 2. The man has just bought a new house. 【注意】 • already 常用于肯定句，yet 常用于疑问句与否定句。 例：They have already finished it. Have you ever wondered why he was so angry? Have you not yet finished? （二）时间标志词：so far, for + 一段时间，since + 某个时间点或从句 1. I have studied in this university for two years. 2. She hasn't said anything about the accident so far. 【注】 有些延续性动词能直接和 for + 时间段 连用，但非延续性动词不能直接和 for + 时间段 连用，需转化为相应的延续性动词，如： • buy → have, borrow → keep, start → be on, come → be here • 例：Harry has been away for almost a month. • 真题练习： ◦ Since I was born, my family ______ in the same city. (2024・凉山州) A. are living B. will live C. live D. have lived ◦ Hurry up! The movie ______ for ten minutes. (2024・凉山州) A. has begun B. began C. has been on D. has on ◦ Mr Green ______ China for five years. (2024・凉山州) A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has come to 练习（一）单项选择 1. D 解析：“for you to choose from” 表示 “供你从中选择”，动词不定式作后置定语，故选 D。 2. A 解析：“have been to” 表示 “去过（已回）”，“have gone to” 表示 “去了（未回）”；答语表明 “去过且已回”，故选 A。 （二）翻译 1. haven't been 解析：“for more than ten minutes” 是时间段，用现在完成时；“不到十分钟” 表否定，故填 “haven't been”。 2. has worked 解析：“for five years” 是时间段，主语 “Li Hua” 是第三人称单数，故填 “has worked”。 练习三 1. A 解析：结合语境，“Here you are” 表示 “（字典）给你”，用 “have” 呼应 “May I use...?” 的请求，表 “（你可以）使用”。 2. B 解析：“has gone to” 表示 “去了（未回）”，符合 “去北京开会（还没回来）” 的语境，故选 B。 （三）时间标志词填空 1. ever 解析：“Have you ever been to...?” 是询问 “是否曾经去过……” 的常用句型。 真题练习 1. D 解析：“Since I was born” 是现在完成时的标志，结构为 “have/has + 过去分词”；主语 “my family” 表 “家人” 时为复数，故选 “have lived”。 2. C 解析：“for ten minutes” 是时间段，非延续性动词 “begin” 需转化为延续性动词 “be on”；现在完成时结构为 “has been on”，故选 C。 3. C 解析：“for five years” 是时间段，“has been in” 表示 “在……（持续一段时间）”，符合 “在中国五年” 的语境；“has been to” 表 “去过（已回）”，“has gone to” 表 “去了（未回）”，“has come to” 为非延续性表达，故选 C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $