2026年人教版中考英语基础知识梳理：现在完成时

2026年中考英语基础知识梳理：现在完成时

一、概念

现在完成时表示过去发生过或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响、结果和现在有联系；也可表示动作到现在为止已经完成或持续了一段时间。

 

二、基本结构

（一）现在完成时的基本结构

• 肯定式：主语 + have/has + 过去分词

• 否定式：主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词

• 一般疑问式：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？

肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has.

否定回答：No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.

（二）过去分词的构成

1. 规则变化：

◦ 一般在动词原形末尾加 - ed，如：work → worked, stay → stayed；

◦ 以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，加 - d，如：close → closed, live → lived；

◦ 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i，再加 - ed，如：study → studied, carry → carried；

◦ 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母，再加 - ed，如：stop → stopped, admit → admitted。

2. 不规则变化（需特殊记忆）：

◦ 例：do → done, go → gone

◦ 例句练习：

◦ He first visited China in 2008, and soon developed a deep interest in traditional Chinese culture. (2024・广东)

◦ Hi, Grace. ______ you ______ about this boy, Mark? He's so excellent. (2024・苏州)

◦ 3D technology is developing rapidly, and some other ways of printing in metal are also being studied, which are going to be more important.

◦ I'm Tom. I'm part small mail. (2024・内江)

◦ In Shantou over a year. (2024・凉山)

◦ Chinese food outside of China? (2024・青海)

（三）句式

• 肯定句：

We/You/They + have + 过去分词 + 其他.

I/He/She/It + has + 过去分词 + 其他.

例：We have finished the report.

He/She has finished breakfast.

• 否定句：

We/You/They + have + not + 过去分词 + 其他.

I/He/She/It + has + not + 过去分词 + 其他.

例：We have not finished the report.

He/She has not (hasn't) finished breakfast.

• 一般疑问句：

Have + we/you/they + 过去分词 + 其他？

Has + I/he/she/it + 过去分词 + 其他？

肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has.

否定回答：No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.

例：— Have you finished the report?

— Yes, we have./No, we haven't.

— Has she finished breakfast?

— Yes, she has./No, she hasn't.

 

三、特殊疑问句

特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？

例：Why have you not painted the room yellow?

Why has he not eaten yet?

 

四、练习

（一）单项选择

1. — Oh, I'm looking for a pair of shoes.

— OK. Here are a lot of shoes for you ______.

A. choose B. were coming C. came to D. to choose from

2. — Have you ever ______ the Great Wall?

— Yes, I went there with my parents in 2019. (2024・凉山州)

A. been to B. gone to C. been in D. gone in

（二）翻译

1. 我来北京还不到十分钟呢，我爷爷现在还在车站等我。

I ______ ______ ______ in Beijing for more than ten minutes. My grandpa is still waiting for me at the station.

2. 李华当出租车司机已经有五年的时间了。

Li Hua ______ ______ as a taxi driver for five years.

【注】

• have been to：表示去过某个地方，现在已经回来了。

• have gone to：表示去了某个地方（现在还在途中或已经在那里了）。

练习三

1. — Excuse me, may I use your dictionary?

— Sure. Here you are. (2024・广安)

A. have B. have left C. leave D. was leaving

2. — Lucy, where is Mi?

— He ______ Beijing to attend a meeting. (2024・凉山州)

A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has gone in

（三）用 already, just, ever, never, recently, yet 填空

1. — Have you ______ been to Xi'an?

— Believe it or not, I have never been to Xi'an.

2. The man has just bought a new house.

【注意】

• already 常用于肯定句，yet 常用于疑问句与否定句。