专题03 阅读理解（议论文）（期中真题汇编，黑吉辽蒙专用）高一英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解 议论文 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （23-24学年高一上·吉林长春·期中） Everybody likes to laugh sometimes, whether at a funny joke, an amusing incident or a humorous photograph or sound. The great thing is that once we’ve had a good laugh, we feel happier. It would seem therefore, that bringing a bit of humour into more serious situations might be good for us. Places like a humourless office or a tense classroom could sometimes need a good dose of laughter. I know that in my workplace, a bit of hilarity can go a long way towards making it a more enjoyable place to spend eight or so hours a day. Seeing the funny side of things can certainly lift our spirits and that in turn can make us feel better about what we’re doing. Maybe we should get inspiration from Steve Carlisle, president of General Motors of Canada. When he walks around the firm’s Ontario headquarters he shares his sense of humour to bond (与……建立密切联系) with his staff. He says, “It can help people feel more relaxed, more comfortable and thus be more effective at what they do.” Humour can be used by teachers in the classroom too. It’s a good way to break the ice with students and create a more relaxing atmosphere which is good for learning. But we have to be careful; not everyone laughs at the same things. While some of us may admire a work colleague or fellow student for their clever and well-told joke, others may consider them sarcastic (讽刺的), offensive or just an idiot! According to Professor Schweitzer, from the University of Philadelphia’s Wharton School, a worker or boss who successfully uses humour is seen as both confident and competent, which in turn increases his or her status. He says, “Being funny is taking a risk, and being risky shows confidence.” 1．What does the underlined word “hilarity” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Humour. B．Horror. C．Stress. D．Time-off. 2．What can we infer from the passage? A．Bad jokes can have positive effects. B．People are always admired for their jokes. C．Humour can help employees get more effective. D．Seriousness can have a bad impact on your health. 3．What do we know about Steve Carlisle? A．He likes telling jokes to his employees. B．He uses his humour to break ice with students. C．He often leaves his office to watch over his staff. D．He considers humour a reflection of confidence and competence. 4．In which column will you probably find the text in a magazine? A．History. B．Lifestyle. C．Travel. D．Sport. Passage 2 （22-23高一上·黑龙江绥化·期中） It's not possible to stay together with loved ones all the time. Sometimes family members have to be far away from each other. During that time, they might face something terrible. Although we know what they are suffering, being far away makes it harder to help and comfort (安慰)loved ones. There is no use worrying a lot about them. Instead, keeping a positive attitude of support is more helpful than getting into worrying about the person. I think it is what I can do to help my loved ones. My daughter has been working full-time during summer about 10 hours a day. She has to study hard for a big entrance exam. At first, like most people, I wanted to try to solve the problems and analyse (分析)the situation. Was there a better way of time management? Was there a better way of studying for this test? However, that was not always helpful. Sometimes, it even gave more pressure to her. Sometimes it might sound like there was something wrong to improve. However, it was just tiring at the end of the day. What would be the kind thing to do in this situation? It was hard to read someone's mind. I decided to just chat with her online and to send a hug emoji (表情符号)this time. It seemed more suitable than talking about solutions. Giving space can also be an act of help, comfort and kindness. It is a fun and meaningful experiment to actively think about kind things to do rather than let it happen naturally. I've realized it and I'm grateful for this chance to share online. Give it a try too and you'll enjoy sweetness. 5．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．Worry is the best comfort to a loved one. B．It is impossible to love someone around us. C．The distance helps you do more to loved ones. D．It's no use worrying a lot about loved ones not around us. 6．How did the author comfort her daughter at last? A．By talking about solutions. B．By analysing all problems. C．By buying a gift for her. D．By giving simple emojis online. 7．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage? A．To advise people to comfort loved ones as he did. B．To tell us the ways to get along with others. C．To discuss the rebuilding of personal relationships. D．To show distance makes it hard to comfort loved ones. 8．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A life journal. B．A newspaper. C．A website. D．A speech report. 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （22-23高一上·辽宁·期中） Children should do housework. That’s a controversial (有争议的) idea, though not everyone will admit it. A few parents will say that their children are too busy for housework. Many more of us assign (分派) housework, or say we believe in them, but the housework just doesn’t get done. That’s a problem. For starters, housework is good for kids. Being a part of the routine work of running a household helps children develop an awareness of the needs of others, while at the same time contributing to their emotional well-being. One small study, done over a period of 25 years, found that the best predictor (预测) for young adults’ success in their mid-20s was whether they participated in household tasks at age 3 or 4. Those early shared responsibilities extended to a sense of responsibility in other areas of their lives. But for all that their help matters, few kids are doing much around the house at all. In a survey of 1,000 American adults, 75 percent said they believed regular housework made kids “more responsible”. Yet while 82 percent reported having had regular housework growing up, only 56 percent of those with children said they required them to do housework. Sports and homework are not get-out-of-housework-free cards. The goal, after all, is to raise adults who can balance a caring role in their families and communities with whatever lifetime achievement goals they choose. Housework teaches that balance. What should you do when getting children to do housework? Accept no excuses. Don’t worry if you must repeat yourself again and again. If you’re spending more time getting the child to do this job than it would take to do it yourself, then you’re doing it right. Can a payment help? Maybe. But if you’re trying to teach kids to share the responsibility of a home, paying them for routine housework is not the right message. 1．What can we infer from the first paragraph? A．Very few children get housework done. B．Children are very busy with housework. C．Housework is a must-do for parents. D．Family members should respect each other. 2．What is found in the small study? A．Housework helps a man live a happy life. B．A man’s success depends on his housework. C．Housework benefits a sense of responsibility. D．A child must start doing housework at Age 3. 3．What does the author advise parents to do in the last paragraph? A．Balance housework and study. B．Help the child do housework positively. C．Do housework by themselves. D．Pay the child for housework. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Adults Do Less Housework in the US B．Housework Matters to Children. C．Parents Words Speak Louder D．Children Need More Care at Home Passage 2 （23-24高一上·辽宁阜新·期中） Like most other American high school students, Garret Morgan imagined his life repeatedly: Go to college and get a bachelor’s (学士) degree. However, Morgan made a big decision in 2018. He started training as an ironworker, which was what he was doing on a weekday morning in an industrial park. Back then, the demand (需求) for ironworkers was rising and it still is. Ironworkers get about $27.48 per hour. At 20, Morgan got $28.36 an hour. Five years later, he’s on the job full time, working for 10 hours a day, six days a week. “I’m loving it every day,” he said. “It was the right choice.” While a shortage of workers pushes pay higher in the skilled trades, the financial return from a bachelor’s degree is softening. But high school graduates have been so effectively encouraged to get a bachelor’s degree that high-paid jobs requiring shorter and less expensive training are going unfilled. The Washington State Auditor (WSA) found in 2017 that good jobs in the skilled trades were going begging because most high school students go for bachelor’s degrees. It’s still true in Washington State and around the country. Among other things, the WSA suggested that career guidance (就业指导), including choices that require less than four years in college, start as early as the seventh grade. Some 30 million jobs in the United States that pay around $55,000 per year don’t require bachelor’s degrees, according to the Georgetown Center on Education and the Workforce. Yet the march to bachelor’s degrees continues. “There’s a belief that the bachelor’s degree is the American dream,” said Kate Kreamer, an expert in career and technical education. “The challenge is that sometimes the degree might keep students from getting jobs. Students are going to college without a plan, without a career in mind, because the mindset in high school is just ‘Go to college’.” 5．How does Garret Morgan feel about his decision made in 2018? A．Doubtful. B．Worried. C．Regretful. D．Satisfied. 6．Why is there a shortage of skilled workers in the US according to the text? A．High school graduates prefer to attend college. B．It’s difficult for them to ask for a pay raise. C．It takes a long time to go on training courses. D．Well-paid jobs ask for a high degree of skill. 7．What do the underlined words “going begging” mean in the fourth paragraph? A．Similar. B．Exciting. C．Unwanted. D．Popular. 8．What does Kate Kreamer suggest high school students do? A．Develop new skills they need to be successful. B．Keep an open mind about high school education. C．Make plans for their career before going to college. D．Go for their American dreams as early as possible. 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·辽宁·期中） While I was growing up, I often heard my teachers say, “Oh, Bob is gifted in math.” While watching the Olympics, my parents would say, “These gymnasts are born with such ability.” Statements like these made me believe people were born with certain talents (天赋) and if they didn’t have a particular one at birth, then they never would. Therefore, I hardly applied myself to math. Nobody told me that if you keep trying and trying, one day a difficult task will seem easy. Actually, I learned this from my young daughter, Samaya. One day, I was finishing some paperwork and I said, “Oh no, how could I have made that mistake!” Samaya immediately said, “Mum, don’t worry. Mistakes make your brain grow bigger.” In fact, we all need to be reminded that mistakes or failures are just fine and that they are a huge part of growth and success. However, the common and popular belief is the opposite. We must correct this with our children. We must encourage them to make mistakes because that means they are trying out new ideas. Billionaire Sara Blakely, founder of the shapewear business Spanx, has seen many failures. She made a living by selling fax machines for seven years. Knocking on many doors and making a lot of mistakes was a journey she considers educational. Sara Blakely owes her risk-taking skills to the weekend talk she had with her father. As a child, her father would ask her the same question every weekend. “What did you fail in this week, Sara?” He did not care how high her scores were. He wanted to know what she had tried but failed in. When she told him about her failures and mistakes, he would give her a high five. In this way, he programmed her mindset (思维) to believe that mistakes and failures are fine. So go ahead and ask yourself and your children, “What did we fail in this week?” 1．Why didn’t the author make efforts to learn math? A．She wasn’t allowed to learn it. B．She thought she was not talented. C．She wasn’t interested in it. D．She thought it was useless. 2．What is most people’s attitude towards mistakes and failures? A．Keep trying is necessary. B．Failure is a path to success. C．Mistakes are not acceptable. D．Encouragement is important. 3．What does the underlined word “programmed” in paragragh 5 mean? A．Trained and built. B．Planned and arranged. C．Operated and challenged. D．Instructed and controlled. 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．A key to Success B．The Power of a Good Mindset C．A Method of Education D．The Magic of Mistakes 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·吉林·期中） It happens in every disaster (灾难): For those in need, people often donate (捐赠) things that turn out to be more of a trouble. Juanita Rilling remembers it happened in 1988 when she was a disaster expert trying to help people suffering from a hurricane (飓风) in Honduras. “One morning I received a call from one of our logistic operators (物流运营商), and he explained to me that there was a plane carrying medical supplies that needed to land,” says Rilling. “But the ground was full, with lots of donations that no one had required. The plane—full of needed supplies—had to find someplace else to go. And it ended up stopping everyone’s plans by about 48 hours, which is important time in a disaster.” Rilling now runs the Center for International Disaster Information, which is trying to make sure things like that don’t happen again. So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling’s group started a project to encourage money donation. “Even a small donation can make a big difference and can quickly become exactly what people affected by a disaster need most,” Rilling says. But despite this, donators do that over and over. About 60% of the things donated after a disaster couldn’t be used. Often it’s old clothing or food. Meghan Hara, who deals with kind donations for the American Red Cross, says she knows that some people are careful with giving money. And she doesn’t think that the need to give something concrete (实物) should be completely stopped. “Part of what people are doing is that they’re helping, and they’re trying to help. What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that,” Hara says. 1．What caused needed supplies to be put off after the hurricane in 1988? A．Workers on the plane. B．A weather report. C．Useless donations on the ground. D．The call from the operator. 2．What did Rilling’s group suggest donating when Superstorm Sandy hit? A．Clothing. B．Money. C．Medicine. D．Food. 3．What is Meghan Hara’s attitude towards donating concrete things? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Worried. 4．What might the author continue talking about? A．Studies on natural disasters. B．The benefits of helping others. C．Tips on choosing useful donations. D．The ways of managing people’s donations. Passage 2 （22-23高一上·辽宁·期中） “Long time no see” is a very interesting sentence. When I first read this sentence from an American friend's e-mail, I laughed. I thought it was a perfect example of Chinglish. Obviously, it is a word-by-word literal (字面意思的) translation of the Chinese greeting with ruined English grammar and structure! Later on, my friend told me that it is a standard American greeting. I was too surprised to believe her. Her words could not convince me at all. So I did research on Google. com. To my surprise, there are over 60 thousand web pages containing “Long time no see.” This sentence has been widely used in e-mails, letters, newspapers, movies, books, or other possible places. Though it is sort of informal, it is part of the language that Americans use daily. Ironically, if you type this phrase in Microsoft Word, the software will tell you that the grammar needs to be corrected. Nobody knows the origin of this Chinglish sentence. Some people believe that it came from Charlie Chan’s movies. In the 1930s, Hollywood moviemakers successfully created a worldwide famous Chinese detective named “Charlie Chan” on wide screens. Detective Chan liked to teach Americans some Chinese wisdom by quoting (引用) Confucius. “Long time no see.” was his trademark... Soon after Charlie Chan, “Long time no see.” became a popular phrase in America thanks to the popularity of these movies. Some scholars compare America to a huge melting pot. All kinds of cultures are mixed in the pot together, and they change the color and taste of each other. American Chinese, though a minority ethnic group (少数民族) in the United States, is also contributing some changes to the stew! Language is usually the first thing to be influenced in the mixed pot. You can have some other examples besides adoption from Chinese, such as pizza from Italian, sushi from Japanese, and dejà vufrom French etc. There is a long list! Americans do not just simply borrow something from others. They will also modify it and make it their own, so you would not be surprised to find a tofu and peanut butter hamburger in a restaurant, or to buy a bottle of iced Chinese green tea with honey in a grocery store. Since Americans appreciate Chinese culture more and more nowadays, I believe more Chinese words will become American English in the future. In this way, the American’s melting pot keeps adding richness and flavor. 5．What did the writer himself feel surprised at? A．The Chinglish expression “Long time no see.” B．So many literal translations of the expressions used in America. C．“Long time no see.” is used as a standard American English greeting. D．Finding out Americans use the expression every day. 6．What do the underlined words “melting pot” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．American changing cultures. B．Culture mixture. C．A kind of cooked dish. D．Confucius’s words. 7．According to the passage, what can be inferred? A．Detectives translated the phrase “Long time no see”. B．Cultures cannot be changed in the huge melting pot. C．The huge melting pot greatly affects all kinds of languages. D．Hollywood made “Long time no see” popular. 8．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Some Chinese expressions are introduced into English. B．You’ll not be surprised at a tofu and peanut butter hamburger in a restaurant in America. C．Some American expressions can be used in China. D．American English keeps being enriched by different cultures. Passage 3 （24-53高一上·吉林长春·期中） A self-driving taxi operated by a Chinese tech giant recently hit a passer-by crossing against a traffic light in Wuhan, capital of Hubei Province leading to heated discussions on the challenges and limitations facing autonomous driving technology, especially in complex circumstances. Zhang Xiang, an auto sector researcher at North China university of Technology, said that the accident in Wuhan suggests that self-driving technology has progressed significantly over the past few years, but it still has difficulties under ever-changing road conditions and has some limitations when dealing with unconventional (非传统的) behavior, such as motorists or passers-by violating traffic rules, There are still some difficulties in making the self-driving vehicles adapting to the existing road traffic safety management system, as the legal duties of related subjects involving autonomous vehicles have not been clear under current laws and rules. Meanwhile, the commercial application of robotaxis in more cities across the country has raised concerns about employment, as taxi drivers are worried about losing their jobs due to intense competition from driverless ride-hailing vehicles, industry experts said. So far, more than 20 cities nationwide have introduced policies (政策) supporting autonomous driving tests, with more than 60 companies having obtained self-driving test licenses. Nevertheless, some believe that people only prefer to experience this new technology, and the number of robotaxis on the road is still far smaller than those of taxis. It is also noted that the pressure on taxi drivers mainly comes from fierce competition between private ride hailing cars and traditional taxis, and that the autonomous driving vehicles will not have a serious influence on the job market or replace human drivers in the short term. Despite the challenges, the development of self-driving industry will strengthen the intelligent transformation of auto industry, and speed the construction of vehicle-road coordination systems, which support the transfer of information from vehicles to roadway networks as a way to improve traffic efficiency.    According to research company BloombergNEF’s “Electric Vehicle 0utlook” report, China will operate the world’s largest robotaxis team of about 12million self-driving vehicles by 2040, followed by the United States with around 7 million such vehicles. 9．What can we learn from Zhang Xiang’s words? A．Self-driving technology suffers a bottleneck. B．It is not easy to promote self-driving vehicles. C．Motorists or passers-by tend to break traffic rules. D．The present road traffic system is far from perfect. 10．Which of the following is a threat to traditional taxi drivers? A．The influence of private ride-hailing cars. B．Employment caused by driverless vehicles. C．Complex and ever-changing road conditions. D．A great many passers-by breaking traffic rules. 11．What is the main topic of the text? A．The future of the transportation industry. B．The history of autonomous driving technology. C．The accident of a self-driving taxi and its results. D．The advantages of self-driving taxis over traditional taxis. 12．What is the author’s attitude towards self-driving industry? A．Indifferent. B．Negative. C．Favorable. D．Critical. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解 议论文 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （23-24学年高一上·吉林长春·期中） Everybody likes to laugh sometimes, whether at a funny joke, an amusing incident or a humorous photograph or sound. The great thing is that once we’ve had a good laugh, we feel happier. It would seem therefore, that bringing a bit of humour into more serious situations might be good for us. Places like a humourless office or a tense classroom could sometimes need a good dose of laughter. I know that in my workplace, a bit of hilarity can go a long way towards making it a more enjoyable place to spend eight or so hours a day. Seeing the funny side of things can certainly lift our spirits and that in turn can make us feel better about what we’re doing. Maybe we should get inspiration from Steve Carlisle, president of General Motors of Canada. When he walks around the firm’s Ontario headquarters he shares his sense of humour to bond (与……建立密切联系) with his staff. He says, “It can help people feel more relaxed, more comfortable and thus be more effective at what they do.” Humour can be used by teachers in the classroom too. It’s a good way to break the ice with students and create a more relaxing atmosphere which is good for learning. But we have to be careful; not everyone laughs at the same things. While some of us may admire a work colleague or fellow student for their clever and well-told joke, others may consider them sarcastic (讽刺的), offensive or just an idiot! According to Professor Schweitzer, from the University of Philadelphia’s Wharton School, a worker or boss who successfully uses humour is seen as both confident and competent, which in turn increases his or her status. He says, “Being funny is taking a risk, and being risky shows confidence.” 1．What does the underlined word “hilarity” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Humour. B．Horror. C．Stress. D．Time-off. 2．What can we infer from the passage? A．Bad jokes can have positive effects. B．People are always admired for their jokes. C．Humour can help employees get more effective. D．Seriousness can have a bad impact on your health. 3．What do we know about Steve Carlisle? A．He likes telling jokes to his employees. B．He uses his humour to break ice with students. C．He often leaves his office to watch over his staff. D．He considers humour a reflection of confidence and competence. 4．In which column will you probably find the text in a magazine? A．History. B．Lifestyle. C．Travel. D．Sport. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过举例阐述了幽默对于学习和工作的好处，同时辩证地提到了不合适的幽默的反面作用。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“It would seem therefore, that bringing a bit of humour into more serious situations might be good for us.(因此，在更严肃的场合中加入一点幽默似乎对我们有好处)”；第二段“Places like a humourless office or a tense classroom could sometimes need a good dose of laughter.(像毫无幽默感的办公室或紧张的教室这样的地方，有时需要一点笑声)”以及划线词后文“can go a long way towards making it a more enjoyable place to spend eight or so hours a day”可知，对于严肃的办公室或者紧张的教室之类的地方，有时一剂笑声就会带来大不同，所以在上班的地方，一点点幽默就能让这个每天工作八小时的场所变得更愉快。故划线词意思是“幽默”。故选 A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“When he walks around the firm’s Ontario headquarters he shares his sense of humour to bond (与……建立密切联系) with his staff. He says, “It can help people feel more relaxed, more comfortable and thus be more effective at what they do.”(当他在公司位于安大略省的总部走动时，他会分享自己的幽默感，与员工建立联系。他说：“它可以帮助人们感到更放松，更舒适，从而更有效地工作。”)”可知，幽默能帮助员工在工作中更高效。故选 C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“When he walks around the firm’s Ontario headquarters he shares his sense of humour to bond (与……建立密切联系) with his staff.(当他在公司位于安大略省的总部走动时，他会分享自己的幽默感，与员工建立联系)”可知，Steve Carlisle 喜欢给员工讲笑话。故选 A。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Everybody likes to laugh sometimes, whether at a funny joke, an amusing incident or a humorous photograph or sound. The great thing is that once we’ve had a good laugh, we feel happier. It would seem therefore, that bringing a bit of humour into more serious situations might be good for us.(每个人有时都喜欢笑，无论是一个有趣的笑话，一个有趣的事件或一个幽默的照片或声音。最棒的是，一旦我们开怀大笑，我们会感到更快乐。因此，在更严肃的场合中加入一点幽默似乎对我们有好处)”结合本文是谈论幽默的议论文，推测来源于杂志里的生活方式板块。故选 B。 Passage 2 （22-23高一上·黑龙江绥化·期中） It's not possible to stay together with loved ones all the time. Sometimes family members have to be far away from each other. During that time, they might face something terrible. Although we know what they are suffering, being far away makes it harder to help and comfort (安慰)loved ones. There is no use worrying a lot about them. Instead, keeping a positive attitude of support is more helpful than getting into worrying about the person. I think it is what I can do to help my loved ones. My daughter has been working full-time during summer about 10 hours a day. She has to study hard for a big entrance exam. At first, like most people, I wanted to try to solve the problems and analyse (分析)the situation. Was there a better way of time management? Was there a better way of studying for this test? However, that was not always helpful. Sometimes, it even gave more pressure to her. Sometimes it might sound like there was something wrong to improve. However, it was just tiring at the end of the day. What would be the kind thing to do in this situation? It was hard to read someone's mind. I decided to just chat with her online and to send a hug emoji (表情符号)this time. It seemed more suitable than talking about solutions. Giving space can also be an act of help, comfort and kindness. It is a fun and meaningful experiment to actively think about kind things to do rather than let it happen naturally. I've realized it and I'm grateful for this chance to share online. Give it a try too and you'll enjoy sweetness. 5．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．Worry is the best comfort to a loved one. B．It is impossible to love someone around us. C．The distance helps you do more to loved ones. D．It's no use worrying a lot about loved ones not around us. 6．How did the author comfort her daughter at last? A．By talking about solutions. B．By analysing all problems. C．By buying a gift for her. D．By giving simple emojis online. 7．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage? A．To advise people to comfort loved ones as he did. B．To tell us the ways to get along with others. C．To discuss the rebuilding of personal relationships. D．To show distance makes it hard to comfort loved ones. 8．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A life journal. B．A newspaper. C．A website. D．A speech report. 【答案】5．D 6．D 7．A 8．C 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过自己的实例告知我们:安慰不在我们身边的亲人，最好办法是保持乐观的态度和给予对方安慰，比如给一个虚拟的拥抱的表情就是一个不错的选择。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“..., being far away makes it harder to help and comfort (安慰)loved ones. There is no use worrying a lot about them. ”...远离却使帮助和安慰所爱的人变得更加困难。为他们担心是没有用的。可知，过多地担心不在你身边的爱人是没有用的，故选D项。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段的“I decided to just chat with her online and to send a hug emoii this time”。我决定这次只和她在网上聊天，并发送一个拥抱表情符号。可知，作者通过网络给女儿发了一个拥抱的表情，故选D项。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一句“I've realized it and I'm grateful for this chance to share online. Give it a try too and you’ll enjoy sweetness” 我已经意识到这一点，我很感激有机会在网上分享。尝试一下，你就会享受这种甜蜜的。可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是建议我们也像他那样安慰所爱的人，故选A项。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“I’ve realized it and I’m grateful for this chance to share online” 我很感激有机会在网上分享。可知本文来自一个网站，故选C项。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （22-23高一上·辽宁·期中） Children should do housework. That’s a controversial (有争议的) idea, though not everyone will admit it. A few parents will say that their children are too busy for housework. Many more of us assign (分派) housework, or say we believe in them, but the housework just doesn’t get done. That’s a problem. For starters, housework is good for kids. Being a part of the routine work of running a household helps children develop an awareness of the needs of others, while at the same time contributing to their emotional well-being. One small study, done over a period of 25 years, found that the best predictor (预测) for young adults’ success in their mid-20s was whether they participated in household tasks at age 3 or 4. Those early shared responsibilities extended to a sense of responsibility in other areas of their lives. But for all that their help matters, few kids are doing much around the house at all. In a survey of 1,000 American adults, 75 percent said they believed regular housework made kids “more responsible”. Yet while 82 percent reported having had regular housework growing up, only 56 percent of those with children said they required them to do housework. Sports and homework are not get-out-of-housework-free cards. The goal, after all, is to raise adults who can balance a caring role in their families and communities with whatever lifetime achievement goals they choose. Housework teaches that balance. What should you do when getting children to do housework? Accept no excuses. Don’t worry if you must repeat yourself again and again. If you’re spending more time getting the child to do this job than it would take to do it yourself, then you’re doing it right. Can a payment help? Maybe. But if you’re trying to teach kids to share the responsibility of a home, paying them for routine housework is not the right message. 1．What can we infer from the first paragraph? A．Very few children get housework done. B．Children are very busy with housework. C．Housework is a must-do for parents. D．Family members should respect each other. 2．What is found in the small study? A．Housework helps a man live a happy life. B．A man’s success depends on his housework. C．Housework benefits a sense of responsibility. D．A child must start doing housework at Age 3. 3．What does the author advise parents to do in the last paragraph? A．Balance housework and study. B．Help the child do housework positively. C．Do housework by themselves. D．Pay the child for housework. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Adults Do Less Housework in the US B．Housework Matters to Children. C．Parents Words Speak Louder D．Children Need More Care at Home 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要以“孩子要做家务”为话题，通过研究和事例，论证做家务对孩子成长的重要性，鼓励家长督促孩子多参与家务活，培养责任意识。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Many more of us assign (分派) housework, or say we believe in them, but the housework just doesn’t get done.(我们中有更多的人会分配家务，或者说我们相信家务，但家务只是没有被作。)”可推断，尽管分派了家务活，但是很少有孩子真正去做。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Those early shared responsibilities extended to a sense of responsibility in other areas of their lives.(这些早期共同承担的责任延伸到了他们生活中其他领域的责任感。)”可知，该研究发现做家务活有助于孩子们培养责任意识。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“What should you do when getting children to do housework? Accept no excuses. Don’t worry if you must repeat yourself again and again. If you’re spending more time getting the child to do this job than it would take to do it yourself, then you’re doing it right.(当你让孩子做家务时，你应该怎么做？不要接受任何借口。如果你必须一遍又一遍地重复，也不要担心。如果你花在让孩子做这件事上的时间比你自己做这件事的时间还多，那么你做得对。)”可知，作者建议家长给孩子分派家务活时不接受孩子的任何托词，积极帮助孩子做家务。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段首句“Children should do housework.(孩子们应该做家务。)”为该文的核心话题，第二段“For starters, housework is good for kids. Being a part of the routine work of running a household helps children develop an awareness of the needs of others, while at the same time contributing to their emotional well-being.(首先，做家务对孩子有好处。作为日常家务的一部分，帮助孩子们培养对他人需求的认识，同时也有助于他们的情感健康。)”论述了做家务可以给孩子带来的好处，由此可知，本文主要论述做家务活对孩子成长的重要性，助力孩子的责任意识，因此最好的标题是B选项“Housework Matters to Children.(家务对孩子很重要。)”。故选B。 Passage 2 （23-24高一上·辽宁阜新·期中） Like most other American high school students, Garret Morgan imagined his life repeatedly: Go to college and get a bachelor’s (学士) degree. However, Morgan made a big decision in 2018. He started training as an ironworker, which was what he was doing on a weekday morning in an industrial park. Back then, the demand (需求) for ironworkers was rising and it still is. Ironworkers get about $27.48 per hour. At 20, Morgan got $28.36 an hour. Five years later, he’s on the job full time, working for 10 hours a day, six days a week. “I’m loving it every day,” he said. “It was the right choice.” While a shortage of workers pushes pay higher in the skilled trades, the financial return from a bachelor’s degree is softening. But high school graduates have been so effectively encouraged to get a bachelor’s degree that high-paid jobs requiring shorter and less expensive training are going unfilled. The Washington State Auditor (WSA) found in 2017 that good jobs in the skilled trades were going begging because most high school students go for bachelor’s degrees. It’s still true in Washington State and around the country. Among other things, the WSA suggested that career guidance (就业指导), including choices that require less than four years in college, start as early as the seventh grade. Some 30 million jobs in the United States that pay around $55,000 per year don’t require bachelor’s degrees, according to the Georgetown Center on Education and the Workforce. Yet the march to bachelor’s degrees continues. “There’s a belief that the bachelor’s degree is the American dream,” said Kate Kreamer, an expert in career and technical education. “The challenge is that sometimes the degree might keep students from getting jobs. Students are going to college without a plan, without a career in mind, because the mindset in high school is just ‘Go to college’.” 5．How does Garret Morgan feel about his decision made in 2018? A．Doubtful. B．Worried. C．Regretful. D．Satisfied. 6．Why is there a shortage of skilled workers in the US according to the text? A．High school graduates prefer to attend college. B．It’s difficult for them to ask for a pay raise. C．It takes a long time to go on training courses. D．Well-paid jobs ask for a high degree of skill. 7．What do the underlined words “going begging” mean in the fourth paragraph? A．Similar. B．Exciting. C．Unwanted. D．Popular. 8．What does Kate Kreamer suggest high school students do? A．Develop new skills they need to be successful. B．Keep an open mind about high school education. C．Make plans for their career before going to college. D．Go for their American dreams as early as possible. 【答案】5．D 6．A 7．C 8．C 【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了Garret Morgan的故事，他本想上大学获得学士学位，但最终成为了一名铁匠。文章指出铁匠的需求越来越大，但过多的高中生追求学士学位，忽视了一些不需要大学学位的高薪工作。文章提出了给学生提供更早的职业指导的建议。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Like most other American high school students, Garret Morgan imagined his life repeatedly: Go to college and get a bachelor’s (学士) degree. However, Morgan made a big decision in 2018. He started training as an ironworker, which was what he was doing on a weekday morning in an industrial park.(像大多数美国高中生一样，加勒特·摩根(garrett Morgan)反复想象着自己的生活：上大学，拿到学士学位。然而，摩根在2018年做出了一个重大决定。他开始接受炼铁工人的培训，这是他在一个工业园区工作日的早晨所做的事情)”以及第二段“Five years later, he’s on the job full time, working for 10 hours a day, six days a week. “I’m loving it every day,” he said. “It was the right choice.”(五年后，他全职工作，每天工作10小时，每周工作6天。“我每天都很喜欢，”他说。“这是正确的选择。”)”可推断，Garret Morgan对自己2018年所做的决定很满意。故选D项。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“But high school graduates have been so effectively encouraged to get a bachelor’s degree that high-paid jobs requiring shorter and less expensive training are going unfilled.(但是，政府如此有效地鼓励高中毕业生获得学士学位，以至于需要更短时间、更便宜培训的高薪工作空缺)”可知，大量高中毕业生选择上大学导致美国急缺技术工人。故选A项。 7．词句猜测题。根据第三段“But high school graduates have been so effectively encouraged to get a bachelor’s degree that high-paid jobs requiring shorter and less expensive training are going unfilled.(但是，政府如此有效地鼓励高中毕业生获得学士学位，以至于需要更短时间、更便宜培训的高薪工作空缺)”以及后文“because most high school students go for bachelor’s degrees(由于大多数高中生都去攻读学士学位)”可推知，华盛顿州审计署(WSA)在2017年发现，由于大多数高中生都攻读学士学位，技术行业的好工作不受欢迎。going begging是“不受欢迎的”之意，和C项意思相近。故选C项。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yet the march to bachelor’s degrees continues. “There’s a belief that the bachelor’s degree is the American dream,” said Kate Kreamer, an expert in career and technical education. “The challenge is that sometimes the degree might keep students from getting jobs. Students are going to college without a plan, without a career in mind, because the mindset in high school is just ‘Go to college’.”(然而，攻读学士学位的步伐仍在继续。“有一种观点认为，学士学位是美国梦，”职业和技术教育专家凯特·克里默(Kate Kreamer)说。“挑战在于，有时候学位可能会让学生找不到工作。学生们上大学时没有计划，没有职业规划，因为高中的心态就是“上大学”。”)”可知，Kate Kreamer建议高中生在决定上大学之前要做好职业规划。故选C项。 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·辽宁·期中） While I was growing up, I often heard my teachers say, “Oh, Bob is gifted in math.” While watching the Olympics, my parents would say, “These gymnasts are born with such ability.” Statements like these made me believe people were born with certain talents (天赋) and if they didn’t have a particular one at birth, then they never would. Therefore, I hardly applied myself to math. Nobody told me that if you keep trying and trying, one day a difficult task will seem easy. Actually, I learned this from my young daughter, Samaya. One day, I was finishing some paperwork and I said, “Oh no, how could I have made that mistake!” Samaya immediately said, “Mum, don’t worry. Mistakes make your brain grow bigger.” In fact, we all need to be reminded that mistakes or failures are just fine and that they are a huge part of growth and success. However, the common and popular belief is the opposite. We must correct this with our children. We must encourage them to make mistakes because that means they are trying out new ideas. Billionaire Sara Blakely, founder of the shapewear business Spanx, has seen many failures. She made a living by selling fax machines for seven years. Knocking on many doors and making a lot of mistakes was a journey she considers educational. Sara Blakely owes her risk-taking skills to the weekend talk she had with her father. As a child, her father would ask her the same question every weekend. “What did you fail in this week, Sara?” He did not care how high her scores were. He wanted to know what she had tried but failed in. When she told him about her failures and mistakes, he would give her a high five. In this way, he programmed her mindset (思维) to believe that mistakes and failures are fine. So go ahead and ask yourself and your children, “What did we fail in this week?” 1．Why didn’t the author make efforts to learn math? A．She wasn’t allowed to learn it. B．She thought she was not talented. C．She wasn’t interested in it. D．She thought it was useless. 2．What is most people’s attitude towards mistakes and failures? A．Keep trying is necessary. B．Failure is a path to success. C．Mistakes are not acceptable. D．Encouragement is important. 3．What does the underlined word “programmed” in paragragh 5 mean? A．Trained and built. B．Planned and arranged. C．Operated and challenged. D．Instructed and controlled. 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．A key to Success B．The Power of a Good Mindset C．A Method of Education D．The Magic of Mistakes 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章作者主要借自身经历和Sara Blakely的故事，讲述了失败和犯错误的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Statements like these made me believe people were born with certain talents (天赋) and if they didn’t have a particular one at birth, then they never would.(这样的言论让我相信人天生就有某些天赋，如果他们出生时没有特定的天赋，那么他们永远不会获得这份天赋了)”可知，作者不努力学数学，是因为她认为在数学方面没有天赋。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In fact, we all need to be reminded that mistakes or failures are just fine and that they are a huge part of growth and success. However, the common and popular belief is the opposite.(事实上，我们都需要被提醒，错误或失败是好的，它们是成长和成功的重要组成部分。然而，普遍的看法恰恰相反)”可知，大多数人们认为失败是不可接受的。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“As a child, her father would ask her the same question every weekend. “What did you fail in this week, Sara?” He did not care how high her scores were. He wanted to know what she had tried but failed in.(小时候，她的父亲每个周末都会问她同样的问题。“萨拉，这周你什么不及格？”他不在乎她的分数有多高。他想知道她尝试了什么，但没有成功)”可知，萨拉的父亲让她去犯错误，去尝试失败，是在培养她的思维方式。由此可知，划线词programmed与Trained and built(训练和发展)意思一致。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Mistakes make your brain grow bigger.(错误会让你的头脑变得更加强大)”，第三段“We must encourage them to make mistakes because that means they are trying out new ideas.(我们必须鼓励他们犯错，因为这意味着他们正在尝试新的想法)”以及第五段“In this way, he programmed her mindset to believe that mistakes and failures are fine.(通过这种方式，他培养她的思维，让她相信错误和失败是好的)”可知，作者讲述了失败和犯错误的重要性。由此可知，The Magic of Mistakes(错误的魔力)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D项。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·吉林·期中） It happens in every disaster (灾难): For those in need, people often donate (捐赠) things that turn out to be more of a trouble. Juanita Rilling remembers it happened in 1988 when she was a disaster expert trying to help people suffering from a hurricane (飓风) in Honduras. “One morning I received a call from one of our logistic operators (物流运营商), and he explained to me that there was a plane carrying medical supplies that needed to land,” says Rilling. “But the ground was full, with lots of donations that no one had required. The plane—full of needed supplies—had to find someplace else to go. And it ended up stopping everyone’s plans by about 48 hours, which is important time in a disaster.” Rilling now runs the Center for International Disaster Information, which is trying to make sure things like that don’t happen again. So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling’s group started a project to encourage money donation. “Even a small donation can make a big difference and can quickly become exactly what people affected by a disaster need most,” Rilling says. But despite this, donators do that over and over. About 60% of the things donated after a disaster couldn’t be used. Often it’s old clothing or food. Meghan Hara, who deals with kind donations for the American Red Cross, says she knows that some people are careful with giving money. And she doesn’t think that the need to give something concrete (实物) should be completely stopped. “Part of what people are doing is that they’re helping, and they’re trying to help. What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that,” Hara says. 1．What caused needed supplies to be put off after the hurricane in 1988? A．Workers on the plane. B．A weather report. C．Useless donations on the ground. D．The call from the operator. 2．What did Rilling’s group suggest donating when Superstorm Sandy hit? A．Clothing. B．Money. C．Medicine. D．Food. 3．What is Meghan Hara’s attitude towards donating concrete things? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Worried. 4．What might the author continue talking about? A．Studies on natural disasters. B．The benefits of helping others. C．Tips on choosing useful donations. D．The ways of managing people’s donations. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了在救灾时，如何进行有效的捐赠。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But the ground was full, with lots of donations that no one had required. The plane—full of needed supplies—had to find someplace else to go. And it ended up stopping everyone’s plans by about 48 hours, which is important time in a disaster. (但是场地是满的，有很多没有人需要的捐款。这架满载所需物资的飞机不得不找其他地方去。结果导致每个人的计划延迟了大约48小时，这在灾难中是非常重要的时间。)”可知，场地上的没用的捐赠物造成装载有应急物资的飞机无法降落，导致所需供应被推迟。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling’s group started a project to encourage money donation. (因此，当飓风Sandy来袭时，Rilling的团队启动了一个鼓励捐款的项目。)”可知，当飓风来袭时，Rilling的团队建议人们捐赠钱。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“And she doesn’t think that the need to give something concrete(实物) should be completely stopped. (她认为需要给予具体的东西不应该完全停止。)”可知，Meghan Hara对人们捐赠实物是支持的。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that. (我们需要解决的是如何有效地处理这个问题。)”可知，作者可能继续讨论管理人们捐赠的方式。故选D项。 Passage 2 （22-23高一上·辽宁·期中） “Long time no see” is a very interesting sentence. When I first read this sentence from an American friend's e-mail, I laughed. I thought it was a perfect example of Chinglish. Obviously, it is a word-by-word literal (字面意思的) translation of the Chinese greeting with ruined English grammar and structure! Later on, my friend told me that it is a standard American greeting. I was too surprised to believe her. Her words could not convince me at all. So I did research on Google. com. To my surprise, there are over 60 thousand web pages containing “Long time no see.” This sentence has been widely used in e-mails, letters, newspapers, movies, books, or other possible places. Though it is sort of informal, it is part of the language that Americans use daily. Ironically, if you type this phrase in Microsoft Word, the software will tell you that the grammar needs to be corrected. Nobody knows the origin of this Chinglish sentence. Some people believe that it came from Charlie Chan’s movies. In the 1930s, Hollywood moviemakers successfully created a worldwide famous Chinese detective named “Charlie Chan” on wide screens. Detective Chan liked to teach Americans some Chinese wisdom by quoting (引用) Confucius. “Long time no see.” was his trademark... Soon after Charlie Chan, “Long time no see.” became a popular phrase in America thanks to the popularity of these movies. Some scholars compare America to a huge melting pot. All kinds of cultures are mixed in the pot together, and they change the color and taste of each other. American Chinese, though a minority ethnic group (少数民族) in the United States, is also contributing some changes to the stew! Language is usually the first thing to be influenced in the mixed pot. You can have some other examples besides adoption from Chinese, such as pizza from Italian, sushi from Japanese, and dejà vufrom French etc. There is a long list! Americans do not just simply borrow something from others. They will also modify it and make it their own, so you would not be surprised to find a tofu and peanut butter hamburger in a restaurant, or to buy a bottle of iced Chinese green tea with honey in a grocery store. Since Americans appreciate Chinese culture more and more nowadays, I believe more Chinese words will become American English in the future. In this way, the American’s melting pot keeps adding richness and flavor. 5．What did the writer himself feel surprised at? A．The Chinglish expression “Long time no see.” B．So many literal translations of the expressions used in America. C．“Long time no see.” is used as a standard American English greeting. D．Finding out Americans use the expression every day. 6．What do the underlined words “melting pot” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．American changing cultures. B．Culture mixture. C．A kind of cooked dish. D．Confucius’s words. 7．According to the passage, what can be inferred? A．Detectives translated the phrase “Long time no see”. B．Cultures cannot be changed in the huge melting pot. C．The huge melting pot greatly affects all kinds of languages. D．Hollywood made “Long time no see” popular. 8．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Some Chinese expressions are introduced into English. B．You’ll not be surprised at a tofu and peanut butter hamburger in a restaurant in America. C．Some American expressions can be used in China. D．American English keeps being enriched by different cultures. 【答案】5．C 6．B 7．D 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文由“Long time no see”这句话引发讨论，阐述了美国是一个“大熔炉”社会，它从不同的语言文化中不断汲取智慧与营养，反映美国文化的多样性及中美文化的交融。 5． 细节理解题。根据第一段““Long time no see” is a very interesting sentence. When I first read this sentence from an American friend's e-mail, I laughed. I thought it was a perfect example of Chinglish.(“好久不见”是一个非常有趣的句子。当我第一次从一位美国朋友的电子邮件中读到这句话时，我笑了。我认为这是中式英语的一个完美例子)”及第二段的第二、三句“Later on, my friend told me that it is a standard American greeting. I was too surprised to believe her.(后来，我的朋友告诉我这是标准的美国问候语。我太惊讶了，不敢相信她)”可知，作者第一次在一封来自美国朋友的邮件中看到“Long time no see”这句话时大笑，因为这是中式英语的典型范例。但让作者很惊讶的是“Long time no see”在美国竟然是一种标准的问候方式。故选C项。 6．词句猜测题。根据第四段的前两句“Some scholars compare America to a huge melting pot. All kinds of culture are mixed in the pot together, and they change the colour and taste of each other. American Chinese, though a minority ethnic group (少数民族) in the United States, is also contributing some changes to the stew! Language is usually the first thing to be influenced in the mixed pot.(一些学者将美国比作一个巨大的熔炉。各种文化在这个熔炉中相互融合，彼此改变着色彩和味道。美国华人虽然在美国属于少数民族群体，但也在为这锅大杂烩带来一些变化！在融合的过程中，语言通常是第一个受到影响的部分)”可推知，一些学者把美国比喻成一个各种文化的大熔炉，互相影响和改变，所以画线部分指的是“不同文化的混合体”。故选B项。 7．推理判断题。根据第三段“Nobody knows the origin of this Chinglish sentence. Some people believe that it came from Charlie Chan’s movies. In the 1930s, Hollywood moviemakers successfully created a worldwide famous Chinese detective named “Charlie Chan” on wide screens. Detective Chan liked to teach Americans some Chinese wisdom by quoting (引用) Confucius. “Long time no see.” was his trademark... Soon after Charlie Chan, “Long time no see.” became a popular phrase in America thanks to the popularity of these movies.(没有人知道这个中式英语句子的来源。有些人认为它来自陈查理的电影。20世纪30年代，好莱坞电影制作人成功地在大银幕上塑造了一位享誉全球的华裔侦探“陈查理”。陈侦探喜欢引用孔子的话来教美国人一些中国智慧。“好久不见。”是他的标志……陈查理说：“好久不见。”由于这些电影的流行，这句话在美国很流行。)”可知，因为好莱坞电影，这种说法流行起来，即好莱坞使得“Long time no see.”流行起来。故选D项。 8．主旨大意题。根据第一段““Long time no see” is a very interesting sentence. When I first read this sentence from an American friend's e-mail, I laughed. I thought it was a perfect example of Chinglish.(“Long time no see”是一个非常有趣的句子。当我第一次从一位美国朋友的电子邮件中读到这句话时，我笑了。我认为这是中式英语的一个完美例子)”以及全文的最后一句“In this way, the American’s melting pot keeps adding richness and flavor.(通过这种方式，美国的大熔炉不断增添了丰富和风味)”可知，文章主要讲的是：美国是一个“大熔炉”社会,它从各国不同的语言文化中不断汲取智慧与营养，即不同的文化不断丰富着美式英语。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-53高一上·吉林长春·期中） A self-driving taxi operated by a Chinese tech giant recently hit a passer-by crossing against a traffic light in Wuhan, capital of Hubei Province leading to heated discussions on the challenges and limitations facing autonomous driving technology, especially in complex circumstances. Zhang Xiang, an auto sector researcher at North China university of Technology, said that the accident in Wuhan suggests that self-driving technology has progressed significantly over the past few years, but it still has difficulties under ever-changing road conditions and has some limitations when dealing with unconventional (非传统的) behavior, such as motorists or passers-by violating traffic rules, There are still some difficulties in making the self-driving vehicles adapting to the existing road traffic safety management system, as the legal duties of related subjects involving autonomous vehicles have not been clear under current laws and rules. Meanwhile, the commercial application of robotaxis in more cities across the country has raised concerns about employment, as taxi drivers are worried about losing their jobs due to intense competition from driverless ride-hailing vehicles, industry experts said. So far, more than 20 cities nationwide have introduced policies (政策) supporting autonomous driving tests, with more than 60 companies having obtained self-driving test licenses. Nevertheless, some believe that people only prefer to experience this new technology, and the number of robotaxis on the road is still far smaller than those of taxis. It is also noted that the pressure on taxi drivers mainly comes from fierce competition between private ride hailing cars and traditional taxis, and that the autonomous driving vehicles will not have a serious influence on the job market or replace human drivers in the short term. Despite the challenges, the development of self-driving industry will strengthen the intelligent transformation of auto industry, and speed the construction of vehicle-road coordination systems, which support the transfer of information from vehicles to roadway networks as a way to improve traffic efficiency.    According to research company BloombergNEF’s “Electric Vehicle 0utlook” report, China will operate the world’s largest robotaxis team of about 12million self-driving vehicles by 2040, followed by the United States with around 7 million such vehicles. 9．What can we learn from Zhang Xiang’s words? A．Self-driving technology suffers a bottleneck. B．It is not easy to promote self-driving vehicles. C．Motorists or passers-by tend to break traffic rules. D．The present road traffic system is far from perfect. 10．Which of the following is a threat to traditional taxi drivers? A．The influence of private ride-hailing cars. B．Employment caused by driverless vehicles. C．Complex and ever-changing road conditions. D．A great many passers-by breaking traffic rules. 11．What is the main topic of the text? A．The future of the transportation industry. B．The history of autonomous driving technology. C．The accident of a self-driving taxi and its results. D．The advantages of self-driving taxis over traditional taxis. 12．What is the author’s attitude towards self-driving industry? A．Indifferent. B．Negative. C．Favorable. D．Critical. 【答案】9．B 10．A 11．A 12．C 【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章主要分析了中国的自动驾驶汽车现在所面临和引发的问题，以及未来的发展趋势。 9．推理判断题。根据第二段张翔说的话“that the accident in Wuhan suggests that self-driving technology has progressed significantly over the past few years, but it still has difficulties under ever-changing road conditions and has some limitations when dealing with unconventional (非传统的) behavior, such as motorists or passers-by violating traffic rules, There are still some difficulties in making the self-driving vehicles adapting to the existing road traffic safety management system, as the legal duties of related subjects involving autonomous vehicles have not been clear under current laws and rules.(武汉的事故表明，自动驾驶技术在过去几年中取得了显着进步，但在不断变化的道路条件下仍然存在困难，并且在处理非常规行为（例如驾车者或行人违反交通规则）时存在一些局限性，在使自动驾驶车辆适应现有道路交通安全管理系统方面仍然存在一些困难。由于在现行法律法规下，涉及自动驾驶汽车的相关主体的法律责任并不明确)”可推知，现在的自动驾驶技术和法律法规都存在着一定的不完善性，使得推广自动驾驶汽车并不容易。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段“It is also noted that the pressure on taxi drivers mainly comes from fierce competition between private ride hailing cars and traditional taxis, and that the autonomous driving vehicles will not have a serious influence on the job market or replace human drivers in the short term.(也有人指出，出租车司机的压力主要来自于私家网约车和传统出租车之间的激烈竞争，自动驾驶汽车短期内不会对就业市场产生严重影响或取代人类司机)”可知，对传统出租司机造成威胁的是私家网约车。故选A。 11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“According to research company BloombergNEF’s “Electric Vehicle 0utlook” report, China will operate the world’s largest robotaxis team of about 12million self-driving vehicles by 2040, followed by the United States with around 7 million such vehicles.(根据研究公司彭博新能源财经的“电动汽车展望”报告，到2040年，中国将运营世界上最大的自动驾驶出租车团队，拥有约1200万辆自动驾驶汽车，其次是美国，拥有约700万辆自动驾驶汽车)”可知，本文主要分析和讨论了交通运输业的未来。故选A。 12．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Despite the challenges, the development of self-driving industry will strengthen the intelligent transformation of auto industry, and speed the construction of vehicle-road coordination systems, which support the transfer of information from vehicles to roadway networks as a way to improve traffic efficiency.(尽管面临挑战，但自动驾驶产业的发展将加强汽车工业的智能化改造，加快车路协调系统的建设，支持从车辆到道路网络的信息传递，从而提高交通效率)”可知，作者认为自动驾驶产业的发展会产生积极的作用，因而持支持态度。故选C。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $