Unit 3 The Internet（单元测试·基础卷）英语人教版2019必修第二册

Unit 3 The Internet单元测试·基础卷 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Artificial intelligence is a complex computer science concept. The following are several examples of artificial intelligence. 1. Olly An artificial intelligence assistant named Olly, is more advanced and developed than Siri and Alexa. It is integrated with deep learning and natural language processing features. This technology is said to be quite helpful for people living alone or going through sadness. It can copy the reactions of a friend or companion. 2. Pathai Pathai is a strong example of artificial intelligence that helps pathologists (病理学家) follow the test reports more conveniently. This can help save hundreds of lives by correctly diagnosing and determining the underlying diseases. This interference of AI in the healthcare department has proven to be fruitful for the patients and time-saving for the pathologists. 3. Drone You must have heard the word drone, but AI-based drones are one step advanced from your typical drones. These aerial devices are used for many different reasons. The use of drones has proven to be very beneficial in the military and surveillance sector (监管部门) but it has also started to benefit the average consumer, saving time and relieving traffic jams. 4. GPS GPS is a necessity nowadays. It not only helps to reach far places and areas but also assists in the way. Its artificial intelligence predicts the estimated time of reaching a destination by analyzing traffic situations in real-time. GPS also gathers data from thousands of cars and predicts the best route for every car. 1．Which of the following benefits people feeling depressed the most? A．Olly. B．Pathai. C．Drone. D．GPS. 2．What do Drone and GPS have in common? A．They are necessities in daily life. B．They contribute to smooth traffic. C．They rely on the responses of their owners. D．They are mainly employed by governments. 3．Which section of a newspaper is the passage possibly taken from? A．All About Health. B．Self-driving Adventures. C．The Theories Explained. D．Game-changing Innovations. B Scientists have discovered a new technique by which light can be bent around corners, inspired by the way clouds scatter (散射) sunlight. This type of light-bending could lead to improvements in many fields such as medical imaging and electronics cooling. Daniele Faccio at the University of Glasgow, UK, and his workmates say they are shocked that this type of light scattering wasn’t noticed before. It works on the same basis as clouds, snow and other white materials that absorb light: once photons (光子) hit the surface of such a material, they are scattered in all directions. “The light goes around and tries to get in,” says Faccio. “And eventually what happens is that it just gets reflected back because it can’t get in. This is this scattering.” To copy this process, the team 3D printed objects from a special white material while leaving thin tunnels (通路) within. When light is shone at the material, it travels into these tunnels and is scattered — just as light is on snow or clouds. However, instead of scattering randomly in every direction, the photons are directed to return to the tunnels by the material. The team put this to use, creating a range of objects that control light in an organised way. The researchers say their material improves light transmission much better than those without the same tunnels, and also allows it to be directed around curves. This method of light-bending could make use of existing tunnels of some special materials to provide new ways to carry out medical imaging. Faccio says the exact same way also works to direct heat and neutrons, and could therefore also find use in a range of engineering applications such as cooling systems. 4．What inspired the discovery of the technique? A．How light travels. B．How clouds scatter sunlight. C．The relevant studies. D．The features of white materials. 5．According to paragraph 4, what is the key to controlling the light scattering? A．The motion of the photons. B．The size of the material. C．The tunnels inside the material. D．The process of 3D printing. 6．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Future study in light-bending. B．Potential problems of medical imaging. C．Possible applications of this new technique. D．Experts’ opinions on the use of special materials. 7．What is the purpose of the text? A．To introduce a creative technique. B．To sing high praise for innovative spirits. C．To explain the principle of light scattering. D．To highlight the advantages of technology. C With the Earth at its hottest point in recorded history, and humans doing far from enough to stop its overheating, some astronomers and physicists are proposing an idea — create a huge sunshade (遮阳篷) and send it to a faraway point between the Earth and the sun to block a small but crucial amount of solar radiation, enough to counter global warming. Now, scientists led by Yoram Rozen. a physics professor and the Asher Space Research Institute director at Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, say they are ready to build a prototype (原型) shade to show that the idea will work. “To block the necessary amount of solar radiation, the shade would have to be about a million square miles, roughly the size of Argentina. A shade that big would weigh at least 2.5 million tons — too heavy to launch into space,” Dr. Rozen said. “So, the project must involve a series of smaller shades. They would not completely block the sun’s light but cast slightly diffused shade onto the Earth.” Dr. Rozen added that his team was ready to design a prototype shade of 100 square feet and is seeking between $10 million and $20 million to fund the demonstration. The sunshade idea has its critics (批评者). They think that a sunshade would be astronomically expensive. In addition, a solar storm or collision with stray space rocks could damage the shield, resulting in sudden, rapid warming with disastrous consequences. However, sunshade supporters say that reducing greenhouse gas emissions at this stage will not go far enough to relieve climate chaos, that carbon dioxide removal has proved extremely difficult to realize, and that every potential solution ought to be explored. Dr. Rozen said the team was still in the pre-design phase but could launch a prototype within three years after securing funds. He estimated that a full-size version would cost trillions but reduce the Earth’s temperature by 1.5 Celsius within two years. 8．What is the sunshade idea mainly about? A．Detecting the amount of solar radiation. B．Building numerous sunshades in Argentina. C．Creating a spacecraft as a block to sunshine. D．Launching the sunshade into outer space and blocking sun radiation. 9．On what basis do critics oppose the sunshade idea? A．High costs and potential risks. B．Technical barriers and heavy weights. C．Variable environment and limited time. D．Inadequate funds and incomplete research. 10．What did Dr. Rozen and his team need most? A．Technical help. B．Launch a prototype. C．Financial support. D．Official permission. 11．What’s the text mainly about? A．Building sunshade to fight warming. B．Earth’s heating problem solutions. C．Scientists’ new project on space. D．Earth’s heat crisis. D It’s commonly acknowledged that our lives are ruled by algorithms (算法), but have we really collectively understood how they have transformed our culture and personality? In Filterworld: How Algorithms Flattened Culture, Kyle Chayka argues convincingly that the rise of algorithm-driven feeds (推送消息), used everywhere online from Instagram to Spotify, has led to a more uniform (统一的) culture. Our tastes and desires increasingly don’t belong to us, but to algorithms that are designed to keep people engaged at all costs. If the collection of our tastes truly shapes our entire personality, then this loss is more psychologically damaging than it first appears. Aimlessly scrolling (滚屏) through Netflix or TikTok may seem harmless, but over days, months or years, we lose touch with what we like and enjoy. Taste-making algorithms are inescapable. Chayka shows this by working through all corners of life: what we wear (TikTok), where we eat (Google Maps), music we listen to (Spotify), even who we date or marry (Tinder). This universe of algorithm-driven decisions has society-wide implications. It extends to influence our physical spaces, our cities, and the routes we move through...flattening them in turn. No one gets out of the Filterworld untouched. If you’re lucky enough not to need any sort of algorithm-based system for your work, then you have the option to step back from algorithms for a while. But if your friend suggests a film recommended on Twitter or you feel the need to buy those shoes suddenly everyone has started wearing after social media advertisements, what are you to do? It all feels fruitless. This Filterworld may be inescapable, but there is hope. You can start by engaging more with the media you do choose to consume. This could mean reading up about a film you watched or paying artists you like directly. Even the thoughtful act of recommending an album to a friend is more rewarding than a random TikTok feed. As Chayka says, resistance to algorithms “requires an act of willpower, a choice to move through the world in a different way”. 12．What is Kyle Chayka’s opinion on algorithms? A．They improve our tastes. B．They make our cultures more alike. C．They help identify our personality. D．They contribute to psychological problems. 13．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The society with advanced technology. B．The world without social media platforms. C．The network of algorithm-driven decisions. D．The community free from algorithmic influence. 14．Which of the following is a way to resist the impact of algorithms? A．Limiting the use of social media platforms. B．Making choices based on friends’ suggestions. C．Getting more involved with the selected media. D．Disconnecting from social media advertisements. 15．What is the best title for the text? A．The Secret of Algorithms. B．Algorithms: Culture Takeover C．The Rise of Digital Platforms D．Algorithms: Stimulating Creativity 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 China will pay more attention to the research and development of techniques and equipment 16 , according to a senior researcher in the country’s shipbuilding industry. “Deep-sea mining has become 17 on science, technology, resources and industries, because there are a lot of polymetallic nodules on ocean floors that contain rich concentrations of nickel (镍), copper, manganese and cobalt that are essential to the renewable energy industry,” said Ye Cong, deputy director of the China Ship Scientific Research Center in Jiangsu province’s Wuxi. “A large proportion of the metals I mentioned, which are extensively used at Chinese factories, needs to be imported. 18 will help us reduce the heavy reliance on foreign suppliers,” said Ye, who is a member of the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. Internationally, some Western nations have owned key technologies and the capability of manufacturing major hardware 19 and at least one company has launched experimental commercial mining operations expected to retrieve (收回) thousands of metric tons of ores (矿石) each day. However, China lags behind in terms of knowledge, technology and hardware; which highlights the importance of 20 . A．a new frontier of international competition B．a new study of great importance C．used for deep-sea mining D．used for marine exploration E．Mining them from seabed F．government attention and investment G．fundamental to achieving deep-sea mining 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 “Ladies and gentlemen, the time train has arrived at the terminal!” It felt like I had woken up from a dream, 21 soon discovered I had come to 2035. Suddenly, I heard a strange voice calling my name. I turned around, only to find a robot 22 to me passionately. “I’ll show you around the city in 2035!” I nodded immediately, 23 what the city would be like. Once I walked out of the train station, many air lanes came into view. The robot, seeing how 24 I was, explained the new traffic system to me. The system was put into place by many famous engineers using highly 25 technology. In fact, it eliminated (消除) the issue of traffic jams entirely. Next we made our way to a restaurant nearby. Just as I 26 that there was no menu, a waiter began to scan my body with a special 27 , which gave me a big fright, so I 28 out of my seat immediately. The robot explained it was just a machine that was able to figure out what our body needed and chose the 29 that suited us most. The waiter then introduced me to the electronic screen that allowed me to choose the environment according to my 30 . I pressed the “beach” button on the screen and suddenly I felt a sea 31 . I couldn’t help but 32 at how rapidly technology had advanced. We 33 returned to the train station. Just as I got on the train, I heard a 34 voice calling my name. I opened my eyes to see my mom standing over me. What a 35 dream! 21．A．while B．so C．if D．but 22．A．singing B．waving C．screaming D．flying 23．A．discovering B．knowing C．wondering D．wandering 24．A．astonished B．scared C．bored D．moved 25．A．standard B．useless C．unusual D．advanced 26．A．told B．realized C．heard D．reminded 27．A．instrument B．button C．engine D．variation 28．A．took B．left C．jumped D．danced 29．A．mood B．recipe C．concept D．wrapper 30．A．temperature B．taste C．gene D．place 31．A．breeze B．beach C．creature D．level 32．A．aim B．guess C．sigh D．stare 33．A．immediately B．hardly C．occasionally D．eventually 34．A．loud B．uplifting C．familiar D．appropriate 35．A．terrible B．practical C．awful D．fantastic 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Internet has become an 36 (importance) part of our daily lives. It has changed the way we communicate, learn, and do business. With the development of technology, the Internet is becoming faster 37 more reliable.​ One of the 38 (great) advantages of the Internet is that it allows us to access information 39 from all over the world. We can search for answers to our questions, read news, watch videos, and listen to music. The Internet has also made it easier for people 40 (connect) with each other. We can communicate with friends and family members who live far away through social media platforms, email, and video calls. However, the Internet also has its 41 (drawback). There is a lot of false information on the Internet, and it can be difficult to tell what is true and what is not. Additionally, there are concerns about privacy and security. Hackers can steal our personal information, and online scams are becoming increasingly 42 (common).​ To make the most of the Internet, we need to use it 43 (responsible). We should be careful about the information we share online and make sure we are using 44 (rely) sources. It’s also important to protect our privacy and security by using strong passwords and avoiding 45 (click) on suspicious links. 第三部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46．假定你是李华，上周你参观了学校新建的科技体验中心（Tech Experience Center），请你给你的美国笔友Tom写一封邮件分享此次参观经历，内容包括： 1. 科技体验中心的设施； 2. 你的参观体验和感受。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Tom, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 No matter how old we are when they leave us, it can be a heartbroken experience to lose one of our loved ones. Our memories are all that is left by them and happy reminders of their love turn into our most valuable treasures. That’s how Mara Soriano feels about the teddy bear that she tragically lost in her recent move to a new apartment. Diagnosed with cancer, Mars Soriano’s mother, Marilyn, gave her daughter the bear as a gift in 2017. After Marilyn’s death in June, the gift became even more special to Mara. “That bear was basically the last reminder of my mom. It was her voice that accompanied me,” she said in an interview. The plush (长毛绒制成的) toy didn’t cost a lot, but it contained a recording of her mother’s voice telling her that she loved her and was proud of her. The bear, called Mamabear, was in the backpack that contained electronics. When the bag was lost last week during the move, the 28-year-old was heartbroken-not for the gadgets (小装置), but for Mamabear. Mara posted a photo of her and her Mamabear on social media, explaining the importance of the bear. Millions of people were touched by the story. More and more people were talking about the bear, but there was no good news for Mara. So again and again she posted online about the item and the story behind it, hoping it could catch more viewers’ attention in a big way. A famous actor was moved by Mara’s story and then posted an appeal (请求) for Mamabear’s safe return. “I think we all need this bear to come home,” he wrote. Along with the message, he also offered a $5,000 reward to the people who found the bear. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式作答。 Luckily, the Internet did its thing. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The email was from the woman who sent the bear back. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ Unit 3 The Internet单元测试·基础卷 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Artificial intelligence is a complex computer science concept. The following are several examples of artificial intelligence. 1. Olly An artificial intelligence assistant named Olly, is more advanced and developed than Siri and Alexa. It is integrated with deep learning and natural language processing features. This technology is said to be quite helpful for people living alone or going through sadness. It can copy the reactions of a friend or companion. 2. Pathai Pathai is a strong example of artificial intelligence that helps pathologists (病理学家) follow the test reports more conveniently. This can help save hundreds of lives by correctly diagnosing and determining the underlying diseases. This interference of AI in the healthcare department has proven to be fruitful for the patients and time-saving for the pathologists. 3. Drone You must have heard the word drone, but AI-based drones are one step advanced from your typical drones. These aerial devices are used for many different reasons. The use of drones has proven to be very beneficial in the military and surveillance sector (监管部门) but it has also started to benefit the average consumer, saving time and relieving traffic jams. 4. GPS GPS is a necessity nowadays. It not only helps to reach far places and areas but also assists in the way. Its artificial intelligence predicts the estimated time of reaching a destination by analyzing traffic situations in real-time. GPS also gathers data from thousands of cars and predicts the best route for every car. 1．Which of the following benefits people feeling depressed the most? A．Olly. B．Pathai. C．Drone. D．GPS. 2．What do Drone and GPS have in common? A．They are necessities in daily life. B．They contribute to smooth traffic. C．They rely on the responses of their owners. D．They are mainly employed by governments. 3．Which section of a newspaper is the passage possibly taken from? A．All About Health. B．Self-driving Adventures. C．The Theories Explained. D．Game-changing Innovations. B Scientists have discovered a new technique by which light can be bent around corners, inspired by the way clouds scatter (散射) sunlight. This type of light-bending could lead to improvements in many fields such as medical imaging and electronics cooling. Daniele Faccio at the University of Glasgow, UK, and his workmates say they are shocked that this type of light scattering wasn’t noticed before. It works on the same basis as clouds, snow and other white materials that absorb light: once photons (光子) hit the surface of such a material, they are scattered in all directions. “The light goes around and tries to get in,” says Faccio. “And eventually what happens is that it just gets reflected back because it can’t get in. This is this scattering.” To copy this process, the team 3D printed objects from a special white material while leaving thin tunnels (通路) within. When light is shone at the material, it travels into these tunnels and is scattered — just as light is on snow or clouds. However, instead of scattering randomly in every direction, the photons are directed to return to the tunnels by the material. The team put this to use, creating a range of objects that control light in an organised way. The researchers say their material improves light transmission much better than those without the same tunnels, and also allows it to be directed around curves. This method of light-bending could make use of existing tunnels of some special materials to provide new ways to carry out medical imaging. Faccio says the exact same way also works to direct heat and neutrons, and could therefore also find use in a range of engineering applications such as cooling systems. 4．What inspired the discovery of the technique? A．How light travels. B．How clouds scatter sunlight. C．The relevant studies. D．The features of white materials. 5．According to paragraph 4, what is the key to controlling the light scattering? A．The motion of the photons. B．The size of the material. C．The tunnels inside the material. D．The process of 3D printing. 6．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Future study in light-bending. B．Potential problems of medical imaging. C．Possible applications of this new technique. D．Experts’ opinions on the use of special materials. 7．What is the purpose of the text? A．To introduce a creative technique. B．To sing high praise for innovative spirits. C．To explain the principle of light scattering. D．To highlight the advantages of technology. C With the Earth at its hottest point in recorded history, and humans doing far from enough to stop its overheating, some astronomers and physicists are proposing an idea — create a huge sunshade (遮阳篷) and send it to a faraway point between the Earth and the sun to block a small but crucial amount of solar radiation, enough to counter global warming. Now, scientists led by Yoram Rozen. a physics professor and the Asher Space Research Institute director at Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, say they are ready to build a prototype (原型) shade to show that the idea will work. “To block the necessary amount of solar radiation, the shade would have to be about a million square miles, roughly the size of Argentina. A shade that big would weigh at least 2.5 million tons — too heavy to launch into space,” Dr. Rozen said. “So, the project must involve a series of smaller shades. They would not completely block the sun’s light but cast slightly diffused shade onto the Earth.” Dr. Rozen added that his team was ready to design a prototype shade of 100 square feet and is seeking between $10 million and $20 million to fund the demonstration. The sunshade idea has its critics (批评者). They think that a sunshade would be astronomically expensive. In addition, a solar storm or collision with stray space rocks could damage the shield, resulting in sudden, rapid warming with disastrous consequences. However, sunshade supporters say that reducing greenhouse gas emissions at this stage will not go far enough to relieve climate chaos, that carbon dioxide removal has proved extremely difficult to realize, and that every potential solution ought to be explored. Dr. Rozen said the team was still in the pre-design phase but could launch a prototype within three years after securing funds. He estimated that a full-size version would cost trillions but reduce the Earth’s temperature by 1.5 Celsius within two years. 8．What is the sunshade idea mainly about? A．Detecting the amount of solar radiation. B．Building numerous sunshades in Argentina. C．Creating a spacecraft as a block to sunshine. D．Launching the sunshade into outer space and blocking sun radiation. 9．On what basis do critics oppose the sunshade idea? A．High costs and potential risks. B．Technical barriers and heavy weights. C．Variable environment and limited time. D．Inadequate funds and incomplete research. 10．What did Dr. Rozen and his team need most? A．Technical help. B．Launch a prototype. C．Financial support. D．Official permission. 11．What’s the text mainly about? A．Building sunshade to fight warming. B．Earth’s heating problem solutions. C．Scientists’ new project on space. D．Earth’s heat crisis. D It’s commonly acknowledged that our lives are ruled by algorithms (算法), but have we really collectively understood how they have transformed our culture and personality? In Filterworld: How Algorithms Flattened Culture, Kyle Chayka argues convincingly that the rise of algorithm-driven feeds (推送消息), used everywhere online from Instagram to Spotify, has led to a more uniform (统一的) culture. Our tastes and desires increasingly don’t belong to us, but to algorithms that are designed to keep people engaged at all costs. If the collection of our tastes truly shapes our entire personality, then this loss is more psychologically damaging than it first appears. Aimlessly scrolling (滚屏) through Netflix or TikTok may seem harmless, but over days, months or years, we lose touch with what we like and enjoy. Taste-making algorithms are inescapable. Chayka shows this by working through all corners of life: what we wear (TikTok), where we eat (Google Maps), music we listen to (Spotify), even who we date or marry (Tinder). This universe of algorithm-driven decisions has society-wide implications. It extends to influence our physical spaces, our cities, and the routes we move through...flattening them in turn. No one gets out of the Filterworld untouched. If you’re lucky enough not to need any sort of algorithm-based system for your work, then you have the option to step back from algorithms for a while. But if your friend suggests a film recommended on Twitter or you feel the need to buy those shoes suddenly everyone has started wearing after social media advertisements, what are you to do? It all feels fruitless. This Filterworld may be inescapable, but there is hope. You can start by engaging more with the media you do choose to consume. This could mean reading up about a film you watched or paying artists you like directly. Even the thoughtful act of recommending an album to a friend is more rewarding than a random TikTok feed. As Chayka says, resistance to algorithms “requires an act of willpower, a choice to move through the world in a different way”. 12．What is Kyle Chayka’s opinion on algorithms? A．They improve our tastes. B．They make our cultures more alike. C．They help identify our personality. D．They contribute to psychological problems. 13．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The society with advanced technology. B．The world without social media platforms. C．The network of algorithm-driven decisions. D．The community free from algorithmic influence. 14．Which of the following is a way to resist the impact of algorithms? A．Limiting the use of social media platforms. B．Making choices based on friends’ suggestions. C．Getting more involved with the selected media. D．Disconnecting from social media advertisements. 15．What is the best title for the text? A．The Secret of Algorithms. B．Algorithms: Culture Takeover C．The Rise of Digital Platforms D．Algorithms: Stimulating Creativity 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 China will pay more attention to the research and development of techniques and equipment 16 , according to a senior researcher in the country’s shipbuilding industry. “Deep-sea mining has become 17 on science, technology, resources and industries, because there are a lot of polymetallic nodules on ocean floors that contain rich concentrations of nickel (镍), copper, manganese and cobalt that are essential to the renewable energy industry,” said Ye Cong, deputy director of the China Ship Scientific Research Center in Jiangsu province’s Wuxi. “A large proportion of the metals I mentioned, which are extensively used at Chinese factories, needs to be imported. 18 will help us reduce the heavy reliance on foreign suppliers,” said Ye, who is a member of the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. Internationally, some Western nations have owned key technologies and the capability of manufacturing major hardware 19 and at least one company has launched experimental commercial mining operations expected to retrieve (收回) thousands of metric tons of ores (矿石) each day. However, China lags behind in terms of knowledge, technology and hardware; which highlights the importance of 20 . A．a new frontier of international competition B．a new study of great importance C．used for deep-sea mining D．used for marine exploration E．Mining them from seabed F．government attention and investment G．fundamental to achieving deep-sea mining 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 “Ladies and gentlemen, the time train has arrived at the terminal!” It felt like I had woken up from a dream, 21 soon discovered I had come to 2035. Suddenly, I heard a strange voice calling my name. I turned around, only to find a robot 22 to me passionately. “I’ll show you around the city in 2035!” I nodded immediately, 23 what the city would be like. Once I walked out of the train station, many air lanes came into view. The robot, seeing how 24 I was, explained the new traffic system to me. The system was put into place by many famous engineers using highly 25 technology. In fact, it eliminated (消除) the issue of traffic jams entirely. Next we made our way to a restaurant nearby. Just as I 26 that there was no menu, a waiter began to scan my body with a special 27 , which gave me a big fright, so I 28 out of my seat immediately. The robot explained it was just a machine that was able to figure out what our body needed and chose the 29 that suited us most. The waiter then introduced me to the electronic screen that allowed me to choose the environment according to my 30 . I pressed the “beach” button on the screen and suddenly I felt a sea 31 . I couldn’t help but 32 at how rapidly technology had advanced. We 33 returned to the train station. Just as I got on the train, I heard a 34 voice calling my name. I opened my eyes to see my mom standing over me. What a 35 dream! 21．A．while B．so C．if D．but 22．A．singing B．waving C．screaming D．flying 23．A．discovering B．knowing C．wondering D．wandering 24．A．astonished B．scared C．bored D．moved 25．A．standard B．useless C．unusual D．advanced 26．A．told B．realized C．heard D．reminded 27．A．instrument B．button C．engine D．variation 28．A．took B．left C．jumped D．danced 29．A．mood B．recipe C．concept D．wrapper 30．A．temperature B．taste C．gene D．place 31．A．breeze B．beach C．creature D．level 32．A．aim B．guess C．sigh D．stare 33．A．immediately B．hardly C．occasionally D．eventually 34．A．loud B．uplifting C．familiar D．appropriate 35．A．terrible B．practical C．awful D．fantastic 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Internet has become an 36 (importance) part of our daily lives. It has changed the way we communicate, learn, and do business. With the development of technology, the Internet is becoming faster 37 more reliable.​ One of the 38 (great) advantages of the Internet is that it allows us to access information 39 from all over the world. We can search for answers to our questions, read news, watch videos, and listen to music. The Internet has also made it easier for people 40 (connect) with each other. We can communicate with friends and family members who live far away through social media platforms, email, and video calls. However, the Internet also has its 41 (drawback). There is a lot of false information on the Internet, and it can be difficult to tell what is true and what is not. Additionally, there are concerns about privacy and security. Hackers can steal our personal information, and online scams are becoming increasingly 42 (common).​ To make the most of the Internet, we need to use it 43 (responsible). We should be careful about the information we share online and make sure we are using 44 (rely) sources. It’s also important to protect our privacy and security by using strong passwords and avoiding 45 (click) on suspicious links. 第三部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46．假定你是李华，上周你参观了学校新建的科技体验中心（Tech Experience Center），请你给你的美国笔友Tom写一封邮件分享此次参观经历，内容包括： 1. 科技体验中心的设施； 2. 你的参观体验和感受。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Tom, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 No matter how old we are when they leave us, it can be a heartbroken experience to lose one of our loved ones. Our memories are all that is left by them and happy reminders of their love turn into our most valuable treasures. That’s how Mara Soriano feels about the teddy bear that she tragically lost in her recent move to a new apartment. Diagnosed with cancer, Mars Soriano’s mother, Marilyn, gave her daughter the bear as a gift in 2017. After Marilyn’s death in June, the gift became even more special to Mara. “That bear was basically the last reminder of my mom. It was her voice that accompanied me,” she said in an interview. The plush (长毛绒制成的) toy didn’t cost a lot, but it contained a recording of her mother’s voice telling her that she loved her and was proud of her. The bear, called Mamabear, was in the backpack that contained electronics. When the bag was lost last week during the move, the 28-year-old was heartbroken-not for the gadgets (小装置), but for Mamabear. Mara posted a photo of her and her Mamabear on social media, explaining the importance of the bear. Millions of people were touched by the story. More and more people were talking about the bear, but there was no good news for Mara. So again and again she posted online about the item and the story behind it, hoping it could catch more viewers’ attention in a big way. A famous actor was moved by Mara’s story and then posted an appeal (请求) for Mamabear’s safe return. “I think we all need this bear to come home,” he wrote. Along with the message, he also offered a $5,000 reward to the people who found the bear. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式作答。 Luckily, the Internet did its thing. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The email was from the woman who sent the bear back. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第3页（共8页） 试题 第4页（共8页） 试题 第1页（共8页） 试题 第2页（共8页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 The Internet单元测试·基础卷 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分） （参考答案） 第一部分 阅读 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．A 10．C 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．C 15．B 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 16．C 17．A 18．E 19．G 20．F 第二部分 语言知识运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第1节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 21．D 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．B 31．A 32．C 33．D 34．C 35．D 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 36．important 37．and 38．greatest 39．easily 40．to connect 41．drawbacks 42．common 43．responsibly 44．reliable 45．clicking 第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节 Dear Tom, How’s it going? Last week, I visited our school’s new Tech Experience Center. It’s really amazing! The center is equipped with various advanced devices, like VR headsets, 3D printers, and robotic arms. During the visit, I tried the VR headsets, which made me feel like I was in a different world. I also operated the 3D printer to make a small model. I was deeply impressed. It not only broadened my horizons but also sparked my interest in science. I can’t wait to go there again. Yours, Li Hua 第二节 （满分25分）   Luckily, the Internet did its thing. It’s a bit of a modern-day wonder that would never have happened without social media. Mara’s story was quickly and continuously spread via the Internet. Several days later, with anxiety and worry, Mara finally got positive feedback. Mara said she got an email from someone.The sender told her that the bear was on the way back. On Tuesday night, Mara’s bear came home. The email was from the woman who sent the bear back. She told Mara that she was deeply touched by Mara’s story. And she didn’t want the reward, just hoping that Mara could live a happy life with memories of her mother in the future. Mara is getting married next summer and the bear is going to have a special seat at her wedding ceremony—the one her mother would sit in. For now, she’s keeping Mamabear close and sending thanks to those who kind-heartedly helped with the happy reunion. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 The Internet单元测试·基础卷 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Artificial intelligence is a complex computer science concept. The following are several examples of artificial intelligence. 1. Olly An artificial intelligence assistant named Olly, is more advanced and developed than Siri and Alexa. It is integrated with deep learning and natural language processing features. This technology is said to be quite helpful for people living alone or going through sadness. It can copy the reactions of a friend or companion. 2. Pathai Pathai is a strong example of artificial intelligence that helps pathologists (病理学家) follow the test reports more conveniently. This can help save hundreds of lives by correctly diagnosing and determining the underlying diseases. This interference of AI in the healthcare department has proven to be fruitful for the patients and time-saving for the pathologists. 3. Drone You must have heard the word drone, but AI-based drones are one step advanced from your typical drones. These aerial devices are used for many different reasons. The use of drones has proven to be very beneficial in the military and surveillance sector (监管部门) but it has also started to benefit the average consumer, saving time and relieving traffic jams. 4. GPS GPS is a necessity nowadays. It not only helps to reach far places and areas but also assists in the way. Its artificial intelligence predicts the estimated time of reaching a destination by analyzing traffic situations in real-time. GPS also gathers data from thousands of cars and predicts the best route for every car. 1．Which of the following benefits people feeling depressed the most? A．Olly. B．Pathai. C．Drone. D．GPS. 2．What do Drone and GPS have in common? A．They are necessities in daily life. B．They contribute to smooth traffic. C．They rely on the responses of their owners. D．They are mainly employed by governments. 3．Which section of a newspaper is the passage possibly taken from? A．All About Health. B．Self-driving Adventures. C．The Theories Explained. D．Game-changing Innovations. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章讲述了运用AI技术所创新出来的一些技术和产品，可以很大程度地改善人类的生活。 1．细节理解题。根据Olly的叙述中“This technology is said to be quite helpful for people living alone or going through sadness. It can copy the reactions of a friend or companion. (据说这项技术对独自生活或经历悲伤的人很有帮助。它可以模仿朋友或同伴的反应。)”可知，Olly对于感觉抑郁的人最有利。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据Drone中“The use of drones has proven to be very beneficial in the military and surveillance sector (监管部门) but it has also started to benefit the average consumer, saving time and relieving traffic jams. (无人机的使用已被证明在军事和监视领域非常有益，但它也开始使普通消费者受益，节省时间并缓解交通拥堵。)”以及GPS中“. GPS also gathers data from thousands of cars and predicts the best route for every car. (GPS还从数千辆汽车中收集数据，并预测每辆汽车的最佳路线。)”可知，二者的共同之处为能够促进交通顺畅。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Artificial intelligence is a complex computer science concept. The following are several examples of artificial intelligence. (人工智能是一个复杂的计算机科学概念。以下是人工智能的几个例子。)”可知，本文举例讲述的是运用AI技术所创新出来的一些技术和产品，可以很大程度地改善人类的生活。所以，文章可能来自报纸有关的“创新”板块。故选D。 B Scientists have discovered a new technique by which light can be bent around corners, inspired by the way clouds scatter (散射) sunlight. This type of light-bending could lead to improvements in many fields such as medical imaging and electronics cooling. Daniele Faccio at the University of Glasgow, UK, and his workmates say they are shocked that this type of light scattering wasn’t noticed before. It works on the same basis as clouds, snow and other white materials that absorb light: once photons (光子) hit the surface of such a material, they are scattered in all directions. “The light goes around and tries to get in,” says Faccio. “And eventually what happens is that it just gets reflected back because it can’t get in. This is this scattering.” To copy this process, the team 3D printed objects from a special white material while leaving thin tunnels (通路) within. When light is shone at the material, it travels into these tunnels and is scattered — just as light is on snow or clouds. However, instead of scattering randomly in every direction, the photons are directed to return to the tunnels by the material. The team put this to use, creating a range of objects that control light in an organised way. The researchers say their material improves light transmission much better than those without the same tunnels, and also allows it to be directed around curves. This method of light-bending could make use of existing tunnels of some special materials to provide new ways to carry out medical imaging. Faccio says the exact same way also works to direct heat and neutrons, and could therefore also find use in a range of engineering applications such as cooling systems. 4．What inspired the discovery of the technique? A．How light travels. B．How clouds scatter sunlight. C．The relevant studies. D．The features of white materials. 5．According to paragraph 4, what is the key to controlling the light scattering? A．The motion of the photons. B．The size of the material. C．The tunnels inside the material. D．The process of 3D printing. 6．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Future study in light-bending. B．Potential problems of medical imaging. C．Possible applications of this new technique. D．Experts’ opinions on the use of special materials. 7．What is the purpose of the text? A．To introduce a creative technique. B．To sing high praise for innovative spirits. C．To explain the principle of light scattering. D．To highlight the advantages of technology. 【答案】4．B 5．C 6．C 7．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家受云散射阳光的启发发现了一种新的光线弯曲技术及其应用。 4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Scientists have discovered a new technique by which light can be bent around corners, inspired by the way clouds scatter sunlight. (科学家们发现了一种新的技术，可以使光线绕过角落弯曲，这一技术的灵感来自云散射阳光的方式。)”可知，是云散射阳光的方式启发了这项技术的发现。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据第四段中“To copy this process, the team 3D printed objects from a special white material while leaving thin tunnels within. When light is shone at the material, it travels into these tunnels and is scattered — just as light is on snow or clouds. However, instead of scattering randomly in every direction, the photons are directed to return to the tunnels by the material. The team put this to use, creating a range of objects that control light in an organised way. (为了复制这一过程，研究小组用一种特殊的白色材料3D打印了物体，同时在内部留下了细小的通道。当光线照射到这种材料上时，它会进入这些通道并被散射，就像光在雪或云上一样。然而，光子并没有随机地向各个方向散射，而是被材料引导回到通道中。研究小组利用了这一点，创造了一系列有组织地控制光线的物体。)”可知，控制光散射的关键是材料内部的通道。故选C。 6．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“This method of light-bending could make use of existing tunnels of some special materials to provide new ways to carry out medical imaging. Faccio says the exact same way also works to direct heat and neutrons, and could therefore also find use in a range of engineering applications such as cooling systems. (这种光线弯曲的方法可以利用一些特殊材料现有的通道，为医学成像提供新的方法。Faccio说，同样的方法也可以用来引导热量和中子，因此也可以用于一系列工程应用，如冷却系统。)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是这种新技术的可能应用。故选C。 7．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Scientists have discovered a new technique by which light can be bent around corners, inspired by the way clouds scatter sunlight. (科学家们发现了一种新的技术，可以使光线绕过角落弯曲，这一技术的灵感来自云散射阳光的方式。)”可知，文章主要介绍了科学家受云散射阳光的启发发现了一种新的光线弯曲技术及其应用，因此文章的目的是介绍一种创造性的技术。故选A。 C With the Earth at its hottest point in recorded history, and humans doing far from enough to stop its overheating, some astronomers and physicists are proposing an idea — create a huge sunshade (遮阳篷) and send it to a faraway point between the Earth and the sun to block a small but crucial amount of solar radiation, enough to counter global warming. Now, scientists led by Yoram Rozen. a physics professor and the Asher Space Research Institute director at Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, say they are ready to build a prototype (原型) shade to show that the idea will work. “To block the necessary amount of solar radiation, the shade would have to be about a million square miles, roughly the size of Argentina. A shade that big would weigh at least 2.5 million tons — too heavy to launch into space,” Dr. Rozen said. “So, the project must involve a series of smaller shades. They would not completely block the sun’s light but cast slightly diffused shade onto the Earth.” Dr. Rozen added that his team was ready to design a prototype shade of 100 square feet and is seeking between $10 million and $20 million to fund the demonstration. The sunshade idea has its critics (批评者). They think that a sunshade would be astronomically expensive. In addition, a solar storm or collision with stray space rocks could damage the shield, resulting in sudden, rapid warming with disastrous consequences. However, sunshade supporters say that reducing greenhouse gas emissions at this stage will not go far enough to relieve climate chaos, that carbon dioxide removal has proved extremely difficult to realize, and that every potential solution ought to be explored. Dr. Rozen said the team was still in the pre-design phase but could launch a prototype within three years after securing funds. He estimated that a full-size version would cost trillions but reduce the Earth’s temperature by 1.5 Celsius within two years. 8．What is the sunshade idea mainly about? A．Detecting the amount of solar radiation. B．Building numerous sunshades in Argentina. C．Creating a spacecraft as a block to sunshine. D．Launching the sunshade into outer space and blocking sun radiation. 9．On what basis do critics oppose the sunshade idea? A．High costs and potential risks. B．Technical barriers and heavy weights. C．Variable environment and limited time. D．Inadequate funds and incomplete research. 10．What did Dr. Rozen and his team need most? A．Technical help. B．Launch a prototype. C．Financial support. D．Official permission. 11．What’s the text mainly about? A．Building sunshade to fight warming. B．Earth’s heating problem solutions. C．Scientists’ new project on space. D．Earth’s heat crisis. 【答案】8．D 9．A 10．C 11．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了面对全球变暖，科学家计划造太阳遮阳篷原型，虽有成本和风险争议，但支持者认为应探索该方案。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段“With the Earth at its hottest point in recorded history, and humans doing far from enough to stop its overheating, some astronomers and physicists are proposing an idea — create a huge sunshade (遮阳篷) and send it to a faraway point between the Earth and the sun to block a small but crucial amount of solar radiation, enough to counter global warming.(由于地球正处于有记录以来的最热状态，而人类在阻止地球过热方面做得远远不够，一些天文学家和物理学家提出了一个想法——建造一个巨大的遮阳罩，并将其送往地球与太阳之间的遥远位置，以阻挡少量但至关重要的太阳辐射，从而足以抵消全球变暖的影响)”可知，遮阳装置的原理主要是将遮阳装置发射到太空，以阻挡太阳辐射。故选D。 9．细节理解题。根据第四段“The sunshade idea has its critics (批评者). They think that a sunshade would be astronomically expensive. In addition, a solar storm or collision with stray space rocks could damage the shield, resulting in sudden, rapid warming with disastrous consequences.(这种遮阳装置的想法也有其批评者。他们认为这种遮阳装置的造价将极其高昂。此外，太阳风暴或者与太空中的游离岩石发生碰撞都可能损坏这个防护装置，从而导致突然且迅速的温度升高，带来灾难性的后果)”可知，批评者反对遮阳篷的提议是因为成本过高且存在潜在风险。故选A。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段“Dr. Rozen added that his team was ready to design a prototype shade of 100 square feet and is seeking between $10 million and $20 million to fund the demonstration.(罗森博士补充说，他的团队已准备好设计一款100平方英尺大小的原型产品，并正在寻求1000万至2000万美元的资金来支持该产品的演示)”可知，罗森博士及其团队最需要的是资金支持。故选C。 11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“With the Earth at its hottest point in recorded history, and humans doing far from enough to stop its overheating, some astronomers and physicists are proposing an idea — create a huge sunshade (遮阳篷) and send it to a faraway point between the Earth and the sun to block a small but crucial amount of solar radiation, enough to counter global warming.(由于地球正处于有记录以来的最热状态，而人类在阻止地球过热方面做得远远不够，一些天文学家和物理学家提出了一个想法——建造一个巨大的遮阳罩，并将其送往地球与太阳之间的遥远位置，以阻挡少量但至关重要的太阳辐射，从而足以抵消全球变暖的影响)”以及文章主要说明了面对全球变暖，科学家计划造太阳遮阳篷原型，虽有成本和风险争议，但支持者认为应探索该方案。可知，这篇文章主要讲了建造遮阳设施以对抗全球变暖。故选A。 D It’s commonly acknowledged that our lives are ruled by algorithms (算法), but have we really collectively understood how they have transformed our culture and personality? In Filterworld: How Algorithms Flattened Culture, Kyle Chayka argues convincingly that the rise of algorithm-driven feeds (推送消息), used everywhere online from Instagram to Spotify, has led to a more uniform (统一的) culture. Our tastes and desires increasingly don’t belong to us, but to algorithms that are designed to keep people engaged at all costs. If the collection of our tastes truly shapes our entire personality, then this loss is more psychologically damaging than it first appears. Aimlessly scrolling (滚屏) through Netflix or TikTok may seem harmless, but over days, months or years, we lose touch with what we like and enjoy. Taste-making algorithms are inescapable. Chayka shows this by working through all corners of life: what we wear (TikTok), where we eat (Google Maps), music we listen to (Spotify), even who we date or marry (Tinder). This universe of algorithm-driven decisions has society-wide implications. It extends to influence our physical spaces, our cities, and the routes we move through...flattening them in turn. No one gets out of the Filterworld untouched. If you’re lucky enough not to need any sort of algorithm-based system for your work, then you have the option to step back from algorithms for a while. But if your friend suggests a film recommended on Twitter or you feel the need to buy those shoes suddenly everyone has started wearing after social media advertisements, what are you to do? It all feels fruitless. This Filterworld may be inescapable, but there is hope. You can start by engaging more with the media you do choose to consume. This could mean reading up about a film you watched or paying artists you like directly. Even the thoughtful act of recommending an album to a friend is more rewarding than a random TikTok feed. As Chayka says, resistance to algorithms “requires an act of willpower, a choice to move through the world in a different way”. 12．What is Kyle Chayka’s opinion on algorithms? A．They improve our tastes. B．They make our cultures more alike. C．They help identify our personality. D．They contribute to psychological problems. 13．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The society with advanced technology. B．The world without social media platforms. C．The network of algorithm-driven decisions. D．The community free from algorithmic influence. 14．Which of the following is a way to resist the impact of algorithms? A．Limiting the use of social media platforms. B．Making choices based on friends’ suggestions. C．Getting more involved with the selected media. D．Disconnecting from social media advertisements. 15．What is the best title for the text? A．The Secret of Algorithms. B．Algorithms: Culture Takeover C．The Rise of Digital Platforms D．Algorithms: Stimulating Creativity 【答案】12．B 13．C 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨算法对人们生活的影响，包括使文化趋同、影响个性，也提及算法的普遍性及抵抗算法影响的方法。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In Filterworld: How Algorithms Flattened Culture, Kyle Chayka argues convincingly that the rise of algorithm-driven feeds (推送消息), used everywhere online from Instagram to Spotify, has led to a more uniform (统一的) culture.(在《过滤世界：算法如何使文化扁平化》一书中，凯尔·查伊卡令人信服地指出，从Instagram到Spotify，算法驱动的推送消息在网上无处不在，其兴起导致了一种更加统一的文化。)”可知，凯尔·查伊卡认为算法使我们的文化更加相似。故选B项。 13．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“This universe of algorithm-driven decisions has society-wide implications: “It extends to influence our physical spaces, our cities, and the routes we move through...flattening them in turn.” (这种由算法驱动的决策对整个社会都有影响：‘它延伸到影响我们的物理空间、城市和我们走过的路线……反过来使它们扁平化。’)”可知，算法驱动的决策网络影响到了我们生活的各个方面，没有人能不受影响地从算法驱动的决策网络走出来。故划线部分the Filterworld指的是“算法驱动的决策网络”。故选C项。 14．细节理解题。根据第尾段中的“This Filterworld may be inescapable, but there is hope. You can start by engaging more with the media you do choose to consume.(这个过滤世界可能无法逃避，但仍有希望。你可以从更多地接触你选择消费的媒体开始。)”可知，更多地接触自己选择的媒体是抵抗算法影响的一种方式。故选C项。 15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“It’s commonly acknowledged that our lives are ruled by algorithms (算法), but have we really collectively understood how they have transformed our culture and personality? (人们普遍认为，我们的生活是由算法控制的，但我们真的理解了它们是如何改变我们的文化和个性的吗？)”并结合第二段中凯尔·查伊卡提出算法导致文化更加统一，以及后文围绕算法对生活各方面的影响、算法的普遍性和抵抗方法展开论述可知，文章核心是算法对文化的影响，B选项“算法：文化的接管”最能概括全文主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 China will pay more attention to the research and development of techniques and equipment 16 , according to a senior researcher in the country’s shipbuilding industry. “Deep-sea mining has become 17 on science, technology, resources and industries, because there are a lot of polymetallic nodules on ocean floors that contain rich concentrations of nickel (镍), copper, manganese and cobalt that are essential to the renewable energy industry,” said Ye Cong, deputy director of the China Ship Scientific Research Center in Jiangsu province’s Wuxi. “A large proportion of the metals I mentioned, which are extensively used at Chinese factories, needs to be imported. 18 will help us reduce the heavy reliance on foreign suppliers,” said Ye, who is a member of the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. Internationally, some Western nations have owned key technologies and the capability of manufacturing major hardware 19 and at least one company has launched experimental commercial mining operations expected to retrieve (收回) thousands of metric tons of ores (矿石) each day. However, China lags behind in terms of knowledge, technology and hardware; which highlights the importance of 20 . A．a new frontier of international competition B．a new study of great importance C．used for deep-sea mining D．used for marine exploration E．Mining them from seabed F．government attention and investment G．fundamental to achieving deep-sea mining 【答案】16．C 17．A 18．E 19．G 20．F 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国在深海开采领域的发展研究现状。 16．根据下文的关键词“Deep-sea mining”可知，C项“used for deep-sea mining (用于深海开采)”表示中国研发设备的目的，本段“China will pay more attention to the research and development of techniques and equipment used for deep-sea mining, according to a senior researcher in the country’s shipbuilding industry. (中国造船业的一位高级研究员表示，中国将更加关注深海采矿技术和设备的研发)”为该篇文章的主题段落，指出了中国在深海开采领域的重点发展方向，故选C项。 17．根据下文的“because there are a lot of polymetallic nodules on ocean floors that contain rich concentrations of nickel, copper, manganese and cobalt that are essential to the renewable energy industry(因为海底有许多多金属结核，其中含有丰富的镍、铜、锰和钴，这些对可再生能源产业至关重要)”可知，A项“a new frontier of international competition(国际竞争的新前沿)”指出了深海开采的地位所在，“Deep-sea mining has become a new frontier of international competition on science(深海采矿已经成为国际科学、技术、资源和产业竞争的新前沿)”为本段的主题句，下文指出了进行深海开采的原因，故选A项。 18．上文的“A large proportion of the metals I mentioned, which are extensively used at Chinese factories, needs to be imported. (我提到的金属在中国工厂广泛使用，其中很大一部分需要进口)”指出了中国某些金属资源的缺乏，再由上文的“because there are a lot of poly metallic nodules on ocean floors that contain rich concentrations of nickel, copper, manganese and cobalt that are essential to the renewable energy industry(因为海底有许多多金属结核，其中含有丰富的镍、铜、锰和钴，这些对可再生能源产业至关重要)”可知，金属资源的缺乏可以通过从海底开采得到缓解或解决，E项“Mining them from seabed(从海底开采)”指出了解决问题的办法，“Mining them from seabed will help us reduce the heavy reliance on foreign suppliers,” said Ye, who is a member of the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. (叶说，“从海底开采金属将有助于我们减少对外国供应商的严重依赖”，他是中国人民政治协商会议第十四届全国委员会委员)”指出了从海底开采带来的好处，故选E项。 19．根据下文的“at least one company has launched experimental commercial mining operations expected to retrieve thousands of metric tons of ores each day(至少有一家公司已经启动了实验性的商业采矿作业，预计每天可回收数千吨矿石)”和上文的“Internationally, some Western nations have owned key technologies and the capability of manufacturing major hardware(在国际上，一些西方国家已经拥有了关键技术和制造主要硬件的能力)”可知做到深海开采是需要技术研发能力的，G项“fundamental to achieving deep-sea mining(深海开采所需)”指出了技术的使用范畴，与文章的关键词“Deep-sea mining”相呼应，故选G项。 20．根据上文的“However, China lags behind in terms of knowledge, technology and hardware(然而，中国在知识、技术和硬件方面落后)”可知，现实的情况需要政府更多 关注并加大投入才能发生改变，F项“government attention and investment(政府的关注与投入)”指出了改变局面的做法，“However, China lags behind in terms of knowledge, technology and hardware, which highlights the importance of government attention and investment. (然而，中国在知识、技术和硬件方面落后，这凸显了政府关注和投资的重要)”呼应文章首段，故选F项。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 “Ladies and gentlemen, the time train has arrived at the terminal!” It felt like I had woken up from a dream, 21 soon discovered I had come to 2035. Suddenly, I heard a strange voice calling my name. I turned around, only to find a robot 22 to me passionately. “I’ll show you around the city in 2035!” I nodded immediately, 23 what the city would be like. Once I walked out of the train station, many air lanes came into view. The robot, seeing how 24 I was, explained the new traffic system to me. The system was put into place by many famous engineers using highly 25 technology. In fact, it eliminated (消除) the issue of traffic jams entirely. Next we made our way to a restaurant nearby. Just as I 26 that there was no menu, a waiter began to scan my body with a special 27 , which gave me a big fright, so I 28 out of my seat immediately. The robot explained it was just a machine that was able to figure out what our body needed and chose the 29 that suited us most. The waiter then introduced me to the electronic screen that allowed me to choose the environment according to my 30 . I pressed the “beach” button on the screen and suddenly I felt a sea 31 . I couldn’t help but 32 at how rapidly technology had advanced. We 33 returned to the train station. Just as I got on the train, I heard a 34 voice calling my name. I opened my eyes to see my mom standing over me. What a 35 dream! 21．A．while B．so C．if D．but 22．A．singing B．waving C．screaming D．flying 23．A．discovering B．knowing C．wondering D．wandering 24．A．astonished B．scared C．bored D．moved 25．A．standard B．useless C．unusual D．advanced 26．A．told B．realized C．heard D．reminded 27．A．instrument B．button C．engine D．variation 28．A．took B．left C．jumped D．danced 29．A．mood B．recipe C．concept D．wrapper 30．A．temperature B．taste C．gene D．place 31．A．breeze B．beach C．creature D．level 32．A．aim B．guess C．sigh D．stare 33．A．immediately B．hardly C．occasionally D．eventually 34．A．loud B．uplifting C．familiar D．appropriate 35．A．terrible B．practical C．awful D．fantastic 【答案】 21．D 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．B 31．A 32．C 33．D 34．C 35．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者梦到自己来到2035年，在机器人的带领下参观城市，体验到了先进科技带来的变化。 21．考查连词辨析。句意：感觉我好像从梦中醒来，但很快发现自己来到了2035年。A. while当……时候；B. so所以；C. if如果；D. but但是。“I had woken up from a dream”和“I had come to 2035”之间是转折关系，用连词but连接前后分句。故选D项。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我转过身，只看到一个机器人热情地向我挥手。A. singing唱歌；B. waving挥手；C. screaming尖叫；D. flying飞。根据前文“Suddenly, I heard a strange voice calling my name”可知，机器人在引起作者注意，所以是挥手。故选B项。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我立刻点了点头，想知道这个城市会是什么样子。A. discovering发现；B. knowing知道；C. wondering想知道；D. wandering徘徊。根据前文“I nodded immediately”和后文“what the city would be like”可知，作者对城市样子感到好奇，想知道。故选C项。 24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：机器人看到我如此惊讶，就向我解释了新的交通系统。A. astonished惊讶的；B. scared害怕的；C. bored无聊的；D. moved感动的。根据前文“Once I walked out of the train station, many air lanes came into view”可知，作者看到很多空中车道，感到惊讶。故选A项。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个系统是由许多著名工程师使用高度先进的技术建立起来的。A. standard标准的；B. useless无用的；C. unusual不寻常的；D. advanced先进的。根据前文“many air lanes came into view”和后文“it eliminated (消除) the issue of traffic jams entirely”可知，空中车道能消除交通拥堵问题，说明技术是先进的。故选D项。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在我意识到没有菜单时，一个服务员开始用一种特殊的仪器扫描我的身体。A. told告诉；B. realized意识到；C. heard听到；D. reminded提醒。根据后文“there was no menu”可知，作者是意识到没有菜单。故选B项。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在我意识到没有菜单时，一个服务员开始用一种特殊的仪器扫描我的身体，这把我吓了一跳，所以我立刻从座位上跳了起来。A. instrument仪器；B. button按钮；C. engine发动机；D. variation变化。根据后文“The robot explained it was just a machine that was able to figure out what our body needed”可知，服务员用的是能检测身体需求的仪器。故选A项。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在我意识到没有菜单时，一个服务员开始用一种特殊的仪器扫描我的身体，这把我吓了一跳，所以我立刻从座位上跳了起来。A. took拿；B. left离开；C. jumped跳；D. danced跳舞。根据前文“which gave me a big fright”可知，作者被吓到，所以从座位上跳起来。故选C项。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：机器人解释说这只是一台能够弄清楚我们身体需要什么并选择最适合我们的食谱的机器。A. mood心情；B. recipe食谱；C. concept概念；D. wrapper包装纸。根据前文“in a restaurant”可知，在餐厅里，机器选择的是适合身体需求的食谱。故选B项。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后服务员向我介绍了电子屏幕，它可以让我根据自己的喜好选择环境。A. temperature温度；B. taste喜好；C. gene基因；D. place地方。根据后文“I pressed the ‘beach’ button on the screen”可知，作者可以根据自己喜好选环境。故选B项。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我按下屏幕上的“海滩”按钮，突然我感觉到了海风。A. breeze微风；B. beach海滩；C. creature生物；D. level水平。根据前文“pressed the ‘beach’ button”可知，按了海滩按钮，会感觉到海风。故选A项。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不禁感叹科技进步得如此之快。A. aim瞄准；B. guess猜测；C. sigh感叹；D. stare盯着。根据前文“Just as I 6 that there was no menu, a waiter began to scan my body with a special 7 ”以及“The robot explained it was just a machine that was able to figure out what our body needed and chose the 9 that suited us most”等一系列先进科技的描述，可知作者对科技的快速发展感到惊叹，所以不禁感叹。故选C项。 33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们最终回到了火车站。A. immediately立刻；B. hardly几乎不；C. occasionally偶尔；D. eventually最终。根据前文描述了作者在2035年参观城市体验各种先进科技的一系列活动，如参观交通系统、去餐厅等，这些活动结束后，作者最终回到了火车站。故选D项。 34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在我上火车的时候，我听到一个熟悉的声音叫我的名字。A. loud大声的；B. uplifting令人振奋的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. appropriate合适的。根据后文“I opened my eyes to see my mom standing over me”可知，是妈妈的声音，所以是熟悉的声音。故选C项。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多么奇妙的梦啊！A. terrible糟糕的；B. practical实际的；C. awful可怕的；D. fantastic奇妙的。根据前文作者在梦中体验到的2035年先进的交通系统、能检测身体需求选择食谱的机器以及可根据喜好选择环境的电子屏幕等一系列先进科技，可知作者觉得这个梦充满了新奇和惊喜，是个奇妙的梦。故选D项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Internet has become an 36 (importance) part of our daily lives. It has changed the way we communicate, learn, and do business. With the development of technology, the Internet is becoming faster 37 more reliable.​ One of the 38 (great) advantages of the Internet is that it allows us to access information 39 from all over the world. We can search for answers to our questions, read news, watch videos, and listen to music. The Internet has also made it easier for people 40 (connect) with each other. We can communicate with friends and family members who live far away through social media platforms, email, and video calls. However, the Internet also has its 41 (drawback). There is a lot of false information on the Internet, and it can be difficult to tell what is true and what is not. Additionally, there are concerns about privacy and security. Hackers can steal our personal information, and online scams are becoming increasingly 42 (common).​ To make the most of the Internet, we need to use it 43 (responsible). We should be careful about the information we share online and make sure we are using 44 (rely) sources. It’s also important to protect our privacy and security by using strong passwords and avoiding 45 (click) on suspicious links. 【答案】 36．important 37．and 38．greatest 39．easily 40．to connect 41．drawbacks 42．common 43．responsibly 44．reliable 45．clicking 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了互联网已经成为日常生活非常重要的一部分，它带来了便捷，也带来了暗藏的危险。因此，在享受互联网便利的同时，需警惕其风险并采取防范措施。 36．考查形容词。句意：互联网已经成为我们日常生活中非常重要的一部分。所填应是形容词，作定语，修饰名词“part”。“importance”，名词，意为“重要性”，其形容词形式为“important(重要的)”。故填important。 37．考查并列连词。句意：随着技术的发展，互联网正变得越来越快且更加可靠。分析可知，“faster”与“more reliable”为并列关系，用并列连词and连接。故填and。 38．考查形容词最高级。句意：互联网的一大显著优势在于，它使我们能够容易地获取来自世界各地的信息。“one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数”，意为“最……之一”。故填greatest。 39．考查副词。句意：互联网的一大显著优势在于，它使我们能够容易地获取来自世界各地的信息。分析可知，这里应是用副词作状语，修饰动词“access”；结合句意可推知，此处表达“网络使我们更容易获得信息”含义，“easily”为副词，意为“容易地”，符合语境。故填easily。 40．考查动词不定式。句意：互联网也让人们能够更方便地彼此联系。“make it+adj. for sb. to do”为固定短语，意为“使某人做某事怎么样”，其中“it”为形式宾语，“for sb. to do”为真正宾语。故填to connect。 41．考查名词复数。句意：然而，互联网也有其缺点。“its”为形容词性物主代词，作名词的定语，因此所填应是名词，作宾语。“drawback”，可数名词，意为“缺点”，结合语境，这里用复数形式。故填drawbacks。 42．考查形容词。句意：黑客可以窃取我们的个人信息，网络诈骗正变得越来越普遍。所填应是形容词，作“are becoming”的表语。“common”，形容词，意为“常见的，普遍的”。故填common。 43．考查副词。句意：为了充分利用互联网，我们需要负责任地使用它。此处用副词作状语，修饰动词“use”。“responsible”，形容词，意为“负责的”，其副词形式为“responsibly(负责地)”。故填responsibly。 44．考查形容词。句意：我们应该小心我们在网上分享的信息，并确保我们使用的是可靠的来源。所填应是形容词，作定语，修饰名词“sources”。“rely”，动词，意为“依赖，依靠”，其形容词形式为“reliable(可靠的)”。故填reliable。 45．考查动名词作宾语。句意：我们还应当通过使用强密码以及避免点击可疑链接来保护我们的隐私和安全。“avoid doing”，固定短语，意为“避免做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填clicking。 第三部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46．假定你是李华，上周你参观了学校新建的科技体验中心（Tech Experience Center），请你给你的美国笔友Tom写一封邮件分享此次参观经历，内容包括： 1. 科技体验中心的设施； 2. 你的参观体验和感受。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Tom, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version: Dear Tom, How’s it going? Last week, I visited our school’s new Tech Experience Center. It’s really amazing! The center is equipped with various advanced devices, like VR headsets, 3D printers, and robotic arms. During the visit, I tried the VR headsets, which made me feel like I was in a different world. I also operated the 3D printer to make a small model. I was deeply impressed. It not only broadened my horizons but also sparked my interest in science. I can’t wait to go there again. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求学生以李华的身份，给美国笔友Tom写一封邮件分享自己参观科技体验中心的经历，应首先介绍中心内的设施情况，再分享自己的参观体验和感受。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 令人惊叹的：amazing→awesome 各种各样的：various→a variety of, a wide range of 先进的：advanced→state-of-the-art 激发：spark→stimulate 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The center is equipped with various advanced devices, like VR headsets, 3D printers, and robotic arms. 拓展句：The center is equipped with various advanced devices, which include VR headsets, 3D printers, and robotic arms. 【点睛】[高分句型1] During the visit, I tried the VR headsets, which made me feel like I was in a different world. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句、that引导宾语从句并被省略) [高分句型2] It not only broadened my horizons but also sparked my interest in science. (运用了not only… but also…结构) 第二节（满分25分） 47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 No matter how old we are when they leave us, it can be a heartbroken experience to lose one of our loved ones. Our memories are all that is left by them and happy reminders of their love turn into our most valuable treasures. That’s how Mara Soriano feels about the teddy bear that she tragically lost in her recent move to a new apartment. Diagnosed with cancer, Mars Soriano’s mother, Marilyn, gave her daughter the bear as a gift in 2017. After Marilyn’s death in June, the gift became even more special to Mara. “That bear was basically the last reminder of my mom. It was her voice that accompanied me,” she said in an interview. The plush (长毛绒制成的) toy didn’t cost a lot, but it contained a recording of her mother’s voice telling her that she loved her and was proud of her. The bear, called Mamabear, was in the backpack that contained electronics. When the bag was lost last week during the move, the 28-year-old was heartbroken-not for the gadgets (小装置), but for Mamabear. Mara posted a photo of her and her Mamabear on social media, explaining the importance of the bear. Millions of people were touched by the story. More and more people were talking about the bear, but there was no good news for Mara. So again and again she posted online about the item and the story behind it, hoping it could catch more viewers’ attention in a big way. A famous actor was moved by Mara’s story and then posted an appeal (请求) for Mamabear’s safe return. “I think we all need this bear to come home,” he wrote. Along with the message, he also offered a $5,000 reward to the people who found the bear. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式作答。 Luckily, the Internet did its thing. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The email was from the woman who sent the bear back. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文： Luckily, the Internet did its thing. It’s a bit of a modern-day wonder that would never have happened without social media. Mara’s story was quickly and continuously spread via the Internet. Several days later, with anxiety and worry, Mara finally got positive feedback. Mara said she got an email from someone.The sender told her that the bear was on the way back. On Tuesday night, Mara’s bear came home. The email was from the woman who sent the bear back. She told Mara that she was deeply touched by Mara’s story. And she didn’t want the reward, just hoping that Mara could live a happy life with memories of her mother in the future. Mara is getting married next summer and the bear is going to have a special seat at her wedding ceremony—the one her mother would sit in. For now, she’s keeping Mamabear close and sending thanks to those who kind-heartedly helped with the happy reunion. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，文章讲述了Mara的母亲在去世之前送给她一个泰迪熊玩具，这个玩具寄托着Mara对母亲的思念和记忆，但不幸的是，在一次搬家过程中，泰迪熊丢了。Mara在网上寻求帮助，讲述了泰迪熊的故事，希望能够找回它，一名著名演员也被Mara的故事打动了，呼吁人们帮助Mara。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“幸运的是，互联网发挥了作用。”可知，第一段可描写Mara寻找泰迪熊的故事在网上迅速传开，并且有了泰迪熊的消息。 ②由第二段首句内容“这封邮件来自把熊送回去的女人。”可知，第二段可描写邮件的内容以及Mara找回泰迪熊的过程。 2.续写线索：互联网起作用——得到泰迪熊的线索——找回泰迪熊——收到邮件——Mara感谢 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①收到邮件：get an email/receive an email ②回家：go back home/return home/come home ③结婚：get married/ marry up 情绪类 ①感谢：send thanks to/show one’s gratitude/be grateful ②被感动：be touched/be moved 【点睛】[高分句型1]. It’s a bit of a modern-day wonder that would never have happened without social media.（由关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句） [高分句型2]. The sender told her that the bear was on the way back. （由that引导宾语从句作tell的宾语） [高分句型3]. And she didn’t want the reward, just hoping that Mara could live a happy life with memories of her mother in the future.（现在分词作状语和that引导的宾语从句作hope的宾语） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $