Unit 3 The Internet 现在完成时的被动语态（单元核心语法精练）英语人教版2019必修第二册

Unit 3 The Internet 核心语法精练（现在完成时的被动语态） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单句语法填空 3 二、完成句子 3 三、选词填空 4 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 5 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 5 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 6 一、核心结构 现在完成时被动语态的结构由三部分组成： have / has + been + 过去分词 (P.P.) have / has： 助动词，根据主语的人称和数发生变化。have用于第一、二人称(I, you, we, they)及复数主语；has用于第三人称单数(he, she, it及单数主语)。它体现了“现在”和“完成”的概念。 been： 固定不变，它是be动词的过去分词形式，是被动语态的标志之一。 过去分词： 体现动作的承受者。 二、句型变换 我们以动词 invite（邀请）为例，其过去分词是 invited。 句型 结构 例句 中文意思 肯定句 主语 + have/has + been + P.P. He has been invited to the party. 他已经被邀请参加了派对。 否定句 主语 + have/has + not + been + P.P. He has not (hasn't) been invited to the party. 他还没有被邀请参加派对。 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + been + P.P.? Has he been invited to the party? 他已经被邀请参加派对了吗？ 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + been + P.P.? Why has he been invited? 为什么他会被邀请？ 三、用法详解 现在完成时被动语态主要用于以下情况： 1. 强调动作已经完成，且重点是承受者而非执行者 我们不知道、不想说或认为没必要说出动作的执行者是谁。执行者如果要说明，用by引出。 例句：The window has been fixed. （窗户已经修好了。） （谁修的不重要，重要的是窗户现在好了。） My car has been stolen! （我的车被偷了！） （重点是车丢了，谁偷的不知道。） This song has been streamed over a million times. （这首歌已经被播放超过一百万次了。） 2. 描述一个发生在过去但结果或状态持续到现在的被动动作 常与already（已经）, just（刚刚）, yet（还/已经）, recently（最近）, lately（近来）等副词连用。 例句：The report has already been finished. （报告已经写完了。） （结果是：现在可以提交报告了。） Has the package been delivered yet? （包裹已经送达了吗？） （关心现在包裹的状态。） The house has been cleaned recently. （房子最近打扫过了。） （结果是：房子现在很干净。） 3. 表示从过去持续到现在的被动经历（常与ever, never连用） 例句：It is one of the best books that have ever been written. （这是有史以来写过的最好的书之一。） He has never been beaten at chess. （他下象棋从未被击败过。） 一、语法填空 1．Large amounts of money (spend) on advertisements since last year. 2．Every means (try) up to now, but we still can’t come up with a good way to handle the current dilemma.   3．My computer has just (attack) by an unknown virus. 4．A large number of books (steal) from the library so far. 5．Large quantities of land in the area (reserve) for national parks these years. 6．For a long time we (tell) that going to university and getting a degree will ensure a financially stable future. 7．Up to now, large quantities of food (send) to Africa to save the starving people. 8．Huge amounts of digital information (download) for free in the past few days. 9．Recently, the database (update), so you can get the latest information. 10．Almost 100computers (give) to us by a local computer company since the end of last year. 11．A great deal (finish), but there is still much to be done. 12．Up until now, all the old machines (replace) with new ones. 13．The security system of the company (strength) in the past few months. 14．Two-fifths of our students (admit) to the well-known university so far. 15．Stronger together: How we (change) by the Internet. 16．Much (write) about the wonders of the World Wide Web. 17．Over the past few years, Chinese people (impress) by hanfu as a result of increased cultural confidence. 18．About 10 percent of wealth (waste) in the past decades. 19．Over the past five years, large amounts of rubbish, such as plastic bags, (collect) by the volunteer team. 20．Great progress (make) in this city in the last several decades. 二、完成句子 21．何时何地建造新大楼尚未决定。 When and where to build the new building . 22．这些咖啡豆已经包装好，准备出售了。 These coffee beans for sale. 23．现在他的作品已被改编为电影。 Now his works films. 24．A lot of trees in the park over the past few years. 在过去的几年里，公园里已经种了许多树。 25．People’ lives by online communities and social networks. 在线社区和社区网络已经改变了人们的生活。 26．这个传说是通过口口相传流传下来的。 The legend has been by word of mouth. 27．到目前为止, 已经在那个大项目上花费了大量资金。 So far, large amounts of money (spend) on that big project. 28．到目前为止，一件新设备已经被送到了那个地区。 that area so far. 29．The boys not to swim in that lake, but it doesn’t make any difference. 男孩们已经多次被告知不能在湖里游泳，但是没起什么作用。 30．The injured bird since it was saved. 那只受伤的小鸟被救后一直被照看着。 三、选词填空 根据语境，用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空。 compare... to...; be familiar with; now that; have access to; go through; keep sb. company; in shape; keep track of; make fun of; keep (...) in mind 31．You should these guidelines in case you make some mistakes. 32．It’s rude to this disabled boy, and we should respect everyone. 33．This couple a lot of difficulties in the old society. 34．A pet dog can you when you feel alone or depressed. 35．The boss asked his secretary to the programme’s progress. 36．She goes to the gym three times a week to stay . 37． smile can do us so much good, why don’t we always wear a smile? 38．He likes plants very much, so he many flowers. 39．They the novel by the young man those by Lu Xun. 40．Students should the library of the school. 题型一 语法填空 （24-25高一上·福建莆田·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Internet has become an 1 (importance) part of our daily lives. It has changed the way we communicate, learn, and do business. With the development of technology, the Internet is becoming faster 2 more reliable.​ One of the 3 (great) advantages of the Internet is that it allows us to access information 4 from all over the world. We can search for answers to our questions, read news, watch videos, and listen to music. The Internet has also made it easier for people 5 (connect) with each other. We can communicate with friends and family members who live far away through social media platforms, email, and video calls. However, the Internet also has its 6 (drawback). There is a lot of false information on the Internet, and it can be difficult to tell what is true and what is not. Additionally, there are concerns about privacy and security. Hackers can steal our personal information, and online scams are becoming increasingly 7 (common).​ To make the most of the Internet, we need to use it 8 (responsible). We should be careful about the information we share online and make sure we are using 9 (rely) sources. It’s also important to protect our privacy and security by using strong passwords and avoiding 10 (click) on suspicious links. （24-25高一下·辽宁丹东·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The first drone (无人机) delivery service guided by China’s Beidou navigation Satellite System has begun operations in Zhuzhou, Hunan province, offering local residents 1 brief introduction into a futuristic, fast-paced delivery system. On Tuesday, August 13, drones took off from the Zhuzhou “Beidou+ drone” low-altitude flying service center to deliver packages 2 an SF Express center about 4 kilometers away in just a few minutes. The service, 3 (operate) by Phoenix Technology, aims to 4 (significant) reduce delivery times. The center operates five new routes for delivering medical 5 (supply), everyday goods, agricultural products and emergency equipment, as well as 6 (perform) waterway examinations. As the first company to receive a license for drone delivery in China, Phoenix Technology 7 (open) 215 routes by the end of 2023, transporting nearly 3 million packages weighing a total of 15 million metric tons. Tang Zhibin, a local resident, expressed his 8 (excite) about the new technology and its potential convenience. “They’re much larger than the drones I’ve used for photography and remind me of something from Hollywood sci-fi movies,” he said. “China’s drone technology is considered among the world’s best,” Zhou added. 9 draws widespread concern is that more regulation will be necessary 10 (ensure) safety as drone usage becomes more frequent. 题型二 阅读理解 （24-25高一下·福建福州·期末）Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance (维护) costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. 1．What is the main purpose of using drones in railway inspection? A．To reduce the cost of railway construction. B．To improve railway safety and efficiency. C．To replace railway maintenance staff entirely. D．To provide passengers with better services. 2．What does the underlined word “That” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Sending staff to inspect and repair railways at night. B．The high cost of maintaining railway infrastructure. C．The use of drones in examining high-tension lines. D．Improving the on-time performance of trains. 3．What can be inferred about the future rail drones? A．They will fly overhead to detect railway faults. B．They will work autonomously ahead of the train. C．They will replace the train drivers gradually. D．They will signal problems after the train passes. 4．What does the author think of applying drones to railways? A．It is costly but effective. B．It has a promising future. C．It requires more technologies. D．It is too dangerous to implement. 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Drones: The Future of Railway Safety B．European Railways: A Case Study C．Railway Infrastructure: Maintenance and Costs D．High-Tech Co-pilots: Revolutionizing Trains （24-25高一下·安徽合肥·期中）A scientist who discovered a unicorn (独角兽) might not say it without seeing it for many times. Yet, there are times when a single unicorn is all it takes. In 2007 an astronomer named Duncan Lorimer reported finding a new kind of astronomical event. It was a brief stream of energy so powerful that it could reach Earth from a galaxy billions of light-years away. He called it a fast radio burst (FRB). This remarkable find, if real, could make huge contributions to the study about the universe. He predicted there would be many more — but that year, he spotted just one. Though it’s not entirely unheard of for one event to launch an entirely new scientific inquiry, it is certainly uncommon. When Lorimer’s paper came out in the journal, it was not surprising that many were skeptical. “Sometimes, what seems like a remarkable scientific discovery turns out to be an error in the data,” some commented. As years ticked by and no more FRBs were discovered, some astronomers began to conclude Lorimer had found nothing more than an unusual example of one of the perytons. Good news: in 2011, there was a report of a second FRB．Four more were found in 2013. Bad news: all of them came from the same Lorimer’s radio telescope. But ultimately, in 2014, there was a report from another radio telescope. More discoveries started showing up from other telescopes on a somewhat regular basis. At last the conversation about FRBs shifted — from whether they were real to where they came from. Finally, this “unicorn” story came to a somehow surprising end. Several years ago, a team reanalyzed the same data from the radio telescope by which Lorimer found the first FRB．There was one more that they had previously missed. Since then, other teams have analyzed even older data and found FRBs in those datasets too. “They were just sitting there, waiting to be discovered by better techniques,” Lorimer says. 1．Which of the following can replace the underlined word in paragraph 3? A．Negative. B．Curious. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 2．What is the purpose when unicorns are mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To indicate that the new scientific discovery might be a legend. B．To hint that mythical creatures might actually exist in reality. C．To symbolize the previously unknown and unseen discoveries. D．To cite an event that occurred in the field of science. 3．Why was it bad news that other FRBs found also came from Lorimer’s telescope? A．Because it might mean the results were not reliable. B．Because they were all found at almost the same time. C．Because these signals were labeled as perytons and turned out to be not real FRBs. D．Because not every astronomer had access to the same type of telescope as Lorimer. 4．What does the last sentence imply? A．Just one event might be enough to kick off a new scientific field. B．It’s unlikely to make a new scientific discovery without advanced research methods. C．Scientists shouldn’t deny new discoveries even if they lack evidence temporarily. D．It’s important for scientists to carefully tell the difference between true discoveries and data errors. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 The Internet 核心语法精练（现在完成时的被动语态） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单句语法填空 3 二、完成句子 7 三、选词填空 9 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 11 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 14 一、核心结构 现在完成时被动语态的结构由三部分组成： have / has + been + 过去分词 (P.P.) have / has： 助动词，根据主语的人称和数发生变化。have用于第一、二人称(I, you, we, they)及复数主语；has用于第三人称单数(he, she, it及单数主语)。它体现了“现在”和“完成”的概念。 been： 固定不变，它是be动词的过去分词形式，是被动语态的标志之一。 过去分词： 体现动作的承受者。 二、句型变换 我们以动词 invite（邀请）为例，其过去分词是 invited。 句型 结构 例句 中文意思 肯定句 主语 + have/has + been + P.P. He has been invited to the party. 他已经被邀请参加了派对。 否定句 主语 + have/has + not + been + P.P. He has not (hasn't) been invited to the party. 他还没有被邀请参加派对。 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + been + P.P.? Has he been invited to the party? 他已经被邀请参加派对了吗？ 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + been + P.P.? Why has he been invited? 为什么他会被邀请？ 三、用法详解 现在完成时被动语态主要用于以下情况： 1. 强调动作已经完成，且重点是承受者而非执行者 我们不知道、不想说或认为没必要说出动作的执行者是谁。执行者如果要说明，用by引出。 例句：The window has been fixed. （窗户已经修好了。） （谁修的不重要，重要的是窗户现在好了。） My car has been stolen! （我的车被偷了！） （重点是车丢了，谁偷的不知道。） This song has been streamed over a million times. （这首歌已经被播放超过一百万次了。） 2. 描述一个发生在过去但结果或状态持续到现在的被动动作 常与already（已经）, just（刚刚）, yet（还/已经）, recently（最近）, lately（近来）等副词连用。 例句：The report has already been finished. （报告已经写完了。） （结果是：现在可以提交报告了。） Has the package been delivered yet? （包裹已经送达了吗？） （关心现在包裹的状态。） The house has been cleaned recently. （房子最近打扫过了。） （结果是：房子现在很干净。） 3. 表示从过去持续到现在的被动经历（常与ever, never连用） 例句：It is one of the best books that have ever been written. （这是有史以来写过的最好的书之一。） He has never been beaten at chess. （他下象棋从未被击败过。） 一、语法填空 1．Large amounts of money (spend) on advertisements since last year. 【答案】have been spent 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：自去年以来，大量资金被投入到广告上。句中时间状语since last year是现在完成时的标志，强调动作从过去持续到现在，故谓语应用现在完成时(have/ has + 过去分词)。所给词spend与主语Large amounts of money是动宾关系，故应用被动语态(be + 过去分词)。因此，此空应用现在完成时的被动语态(have/ has been + 过去分词)。“amounts of + 不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，故用have。spend的过去分词为spent。故填have been spent。 2．Every means (try) up to now, but we still can’t come up with a good way to handle the current dilemma.   【答案】has been tried 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，所有方法都试过了，但我们仍然想不出一个好办法来应对当前的困境。句中“up to now”（到目前为止）是现在完成时的标志词，且主语 “every means”（每种方法）与谓语动词“try”之间是被动关系，因此需用现在完成时的被动语态。“means”单复数同形，此处“every means”表示单数概念，所以助动词用“has”。“try”的过去分词是“tried”，因此空格处应填入“has been tried”。故填has been tried。 3．My computer has just (attack) by an unknown virus. 【答案】been attacked 【详解】考查语态。句意：我的电脑刚刚遭到一种未知病毒的攻击。“攻击”使用动词attack，和主语computer之间是被动关系，空前有has，此处应用现在完成时的被动语态have/has been done。故填been attacked。 4．A large number of books (steal) from the library so far. 【答案】have been stolen 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：到目前为止，有大量的书被偷自图书馆。根据时间状语“so far”可知，使用现在完成时，且主语books与谓语steal之间是被动关系，主语为复数名词，助动词用have。故填have been stolen。 5．Large quantities of land in the area (reserve) for national parks these years. 【答案】have been reserved 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：近年来，该地区大量的土地已被预留出来用于建设国家公园。主语Large quantities of land与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文these years可知为现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用have。故填have been reserved。 6．For a long time we (tell) that going to university and getting a degree will ensure a financially stable future. 【答案】have been told 【详解】考查现在完成时被动语态。句意：长期以来，我们一直被告知上大学并获得学位将确保经济上稳定的未来。根据句意及时间状语“For a long time”可知本句表示一个从过去持续到现在的时间段，所以，要求主句使用现在完成时来表达。在本句中，主语是“we”，是第一人称复数，所以助动词用“have”；主语“we”与所给词“tell ”是被动关系，所以应该使用现在完成时的被动语态have been told。  所以，此处应填have been told。 7．Up to now, large quantities of food (send) to Africa to save the starving people. 【答案】have been sent 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，大量的粮食已被送往非洲，以拯救饥饿的人民。主语large quantities of food和send之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“Up to now”可知此处使用现在完成时的被动语态，主语的数和quantities保持一致，使用复数形式，故填have been sent。 8．Huge amounts of digital information (download) for free in the past few days. 【答案】have been downloaded 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几天里，大量的数字信息被免费下载。根据时间状语in the past few days可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语Huge amounts of digital information和动词download之间为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，当“amounts of + 不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词与amounts保持一致，用复数形式，因此助动词用have。故填have been downloaded。 9．Recently, the database (update), so you can get the latest information. 【答案】has been updated 【详解】考查动词时态和语态及主谓一致。句意：最近数据库已经更新了，所以你可以获取到最新的信息。空处为并列句的谓语动词，根据时间状语“Recently”可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语“the database”与动词“update”之间为被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，又因主语“the database”为单数，所以助动词用has。故填has been updated。 10．Almost 100computers (give) to us by a local computer company since the end of last year. 【答案】have been given 【详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：自去年年底以来，一家本地电脑公司已经捐赠给我们近100台电脑。主语Almost 100 computers是动作的接受者，需用被动语态；“since the end of last year”表明动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时，主语是复数，故填have been given。 11．A great deal (finish), but there is still much to be done. 【答案】has been finished 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：已经完成了很多，但仍然有许多事情要做。根据句意和but there is still much to be done可知，前半句应该用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在有影响，a great deal作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，且与finish为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，即has been finished。故填has been finished。 12．Up until now, all the old machines (replace) with new ones. 【答案】have been replaced 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：直到现在，所有的旧机器都被更换成新的了。根据时间状语up until now可知，应用现在完成时，主语all the old machines与动词replace之间是被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数，助动词使用have。故填have been replaced。 13．The security system of the company (strength) in the past few months. 【答案】has been strengthened 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：公司的安保系统在过去的几个月里得到了加强。设空处使用动词作谓语，strength的动词为strengthen。根据时间状语in the past few months，句子使用现在完成时态。而主语the security system of the company与动词strengthen之间是被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态，主谓一致。故填has been strengthened。 14．Two-fifths of our students (admit) to the well-known university so far. 【答案】have been admitted 【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，我们的学生中有五分之二被著名大学录取。空处是句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语so far判断应用现在完成时，主语students与admit之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语“Two-fifths of our students”为分数修饰复数名词，谓语动词用复数，故助动词用have。故填have been admitted。 15．Stronger together: How we (change) by the Internet. 【答案】have been changed 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：团结起来力量大：互联网如何改变了我们。根据句意可知，此处描述过去动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时。动词change和主语we之间存在被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填have been changed。 16．Much (write) about the wonders of the World Wide Web. 【答案】has been written 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：关于万维网的奇妙之处，已经写了很多著述。根据句意可知，此处描述过去动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时。动词write和主语Much之间存在被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填has been written。 17．Over the past few years, Chinese people (impress) by hanfu as a result of increased cultural confidence. 【答案】have been impressed 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：由于文化自信的增强，过去几年中国人对汉服印象深刻。由“Over the past few years”可知，impress“给……留下深刻印象”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，且与主语Chinese people为被动关系，因此用现在完成时的被动语态。主语Chinese people为复数，助动词用have。故填have been impressed。 18．About 10 percent of wealth (waste) in the past decades. 【答案】has been wasted 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：在过去的几十年里，大约10%的财富被浪费了。根据时间状语“in the past decades”可知，此处为为现在完成时，主语为About 10 percent of wealth，与waste为被动关系，助动词用has。故填has been wasted。 19．Over the past five years, large amounts of rubbish, such as plastic bags, (collect) by the volunteer team. 【答案】have been collected 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的五年中，志愿者团队收集了大量的垃圾，如塑料袋。主语large amounts of rubbish和动词collect之间是被动关系，根据时间状语“Over the past five years”可知，应用现在完成时的被动语态，“large amounts of +名词”作为句子主语时，其后的谓语动词应该采用复数形式，故填have been collected。 20．Great progress (make) in this city in the last several decades. 【答案】has been made 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几十年里这个城市取得了巨大的进步。Progress与make之间是被动关系，且progress是不可数名词，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，同时结合时间状语“in the last several decades”可知，这里应用现在完成时，故填has been made。 二、完成句子 21．何时何地建造新大楼尚未决定。 When and where to build the new building . 【答案】has not been decided 【详解】考查时态语态及主谓一致。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“尚未决定”。“尚未”常使用现在完成时来表达对现在造成的影响（即还未有决定结果），且与主语“何时何地建造新大楼（When and where to build the new building ，此事作主语时视为单数）”构成被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，其结构为“have/has + been + 过去分词”，主语为单数，助动词用has，“决定”是decide，其过去分词是decided，否定形式在has后加not。故填has not been decided。 22．这些咖啡豆已经包装好，准备出售了。 These coffee beans for sale. 【答案】have been packaged 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。表示“包装”可用动词package，与主语These coffee beans之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态，根据句意“已经包装好”可知，用现在完成时，现在完成时的被动语态结构为“have/has been + 过去分词”，主语为复数，所以用have。故填have been packaged。 23．现在他的作品已被改编为电影。 Now his works films. 【答案】have been adapted for 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。表示“为……改编”使用动词短语 adapt for，和主语之间是被动关系，且表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时的被动语态。主语为复数，主谓一致，故填have been adapted for。 24．A lot of trees in the park over the past few years. 在过去的几年里，公园里已经种了许多树。 【答案】 have been planted 【详解】考查时态语态。“种植”为“plant”与“A lot of trees”为被动关系，且根据over the past few years可知，本句为现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数，助动词用have。故填have been planted。 25．People’ lives by online communities and social networks. 在线社区和社区网络已经改变了人们的生活。 【答案】 have been changed 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“已经改变”，时态为现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词），主语“People’s lives”为复数，助动词用have；“改变”对应的动词为change，且“生活”与“改变”之间为被动关系，所以此处使用现在完成时的被动语态结构“have been +过去分词”，change的过去分词为changed。故填①have②been③changed。 26．这个传说是通过口口相传流传下来的。 The legend has been by word of mouth. 【答案】 passed down 【详解】考查固定短语和被动语态。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“流传下来”，是固定短语pass down，由has been可知，句子是现在完成时的被动语态，因此空格处是passed down。故填passed，down。 27．到目前为止, 已经在那个大项目上花费了大量资金。 So far, large amounts of money (spend) on that big project. 【答案】 have been spent 【详解】考查时态语态。根据“So far”可知，本句为现在完成时。“large amounts of+不可数名词”谓语动词单复数取决于amounts，且主语与谓语为被动关系。故填have been spent。 28．到目前为止，一件新设备已经被送到了那个地区。 that area so far. 【答案】A piece of new equipment has been sent to 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。根据时间状语so far可知，句子时态为现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作或事件对当前造成的影响。表示“一件新设备”可用名词短语a piece of new equipment，作主语，为单数主语，助动词需用has，空处位于句首，冠词a需大写；表示“把……送到……”可用动词短语send...to...，主语a piece of new equipment与动词send之间构成动宾关系，故需用现在完成时的被动语态。故填A piece of new equipment has been sent to。 29．The boys not to swim in that lake, but it doesn’t make any difference. 男孩们已经多次被告知不能在湖里游泳，但是没起什么作用。 【答案】have been told many times 【详解】考查动词时态、语态及固定短语。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“已经多次被告知”。根据句意可知，描述的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，所以应该用现在完成时，主语The boys与tell之间为被动关系，The boys为复数，应用have been told，表示“多次”应用短语many times。故填have been told many times。 30．The injured bird since it was saved. 那只受伤的小鸟被救后一直被照看着。 【答案】has been looked after 【详解】考查时态和语态。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“一直被照看着”，应用动词短语look after，意为“照看，照顾”，根据时间状语从句since it was saved可知，句子表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能仍要继续下去，应用现在完成时，主语The injured bird与动词look之间为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，且主语The injured bird是单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has been looked after。 三、选词填空 根据语境，用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空。 compare... to...; be familiar with; now that; have access to; go through; keep sb. company; in shape; keep track of; make fun of; keep (...) in mind 31．You should these guidelines in case you make some mistakes. 32．It’s rude to this disabled boy, and we should respect everyone. 33．This couple a lot of difficulties in the old society. 34．A pet dog can you when you feel alone or depressed. 35．The boss asked his secretary to the programme’s progress. 36．She goes to the gym three times a week to stay . 37． smile can do us so much good, why don’t we always wear a smile? 38．He likes plants very much, so he many flowers. 39．They the novel by the young man those by Lu Xun. 40．Students should the library of the school. 【答案】 31． keep in mind 32．make fun of 33．went through 34． keep company 35．keep track of 36．in shape 37．Now that 38．is familiar with 39． compare to 40．have access to 【解析】31．考查动词短语。句意：你应该把这些指导方针牢记在心，以免犯错误。根据“in case you make some mistakes”可知，要牢记指导方针，keep (...) in mind意为“牢记”，符合语境，should后接动词原形。故填①keep；②in mind。 32．考查动词短语。句意：取笑这个残疾男孩是不礼貌的，我们应该尊重每个人。根据“and we should respect everyone”可知，不应该取笑残疾男孩，make fun of意为“取笑”，符合语境，It’s rude to do sth.为固定句型，意为“做某事是不礼貌的”，结合it is rude to do可知t此处用动词原形。故填make fun of。 33．考查动词短语。句意：这对夫妇在旧社会经历了许多困难。根据“a lot of difficulties in the old society”可知，经历了许多困难，go through意为“经历”，符合语境，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，go的过去式是went。故填went through。 34．考查动词短语。句意：当你感到孤独或沮丧时，一只宠物狗可以陪伴你。根据“when you feel alone or depressed”可知，宠物狗可以陪伴你，keep sb. company意为“陪伴某人”，符合语境，can后接动词原形。故填①keep；②company。 35．考查动词短语。句意：老板让他的秘书跟进项目的进展情况。根据“of the programme’s progress”可知，要跟踪项目进展情况，keep track of意为“跟踪，记录”，符合语境，ask sb. to do sth.为固定结构，意为“让某人做某事”，结合ask sb to do可知to此处用动词原形。故填keep track of。 36．考查介词短语。句意：她每周去健身房三次以保持身材。根据“She goes to the gym three times a week”可知，去健身房是为了保持身材，in shape意为“身材处于良好状态”，符合语境，stay in shape为固定短语，意为“保持身材”。故填in shape。 37．考查连词短语。句意：既然微笑能给我们带来这么多好处，为什么我们不总是面带微笑呢？前后句子是因果关系，now that意为“既然”，符合语境，引导原因状语从句，now位于句首，首字母大写。故填Now that。 38．考查固定短语。句意：他非常喜欢植物，所以他熟悉许多花。根据“He likes plants very much”可知，他熟悉许多花，be familiar with意为“熟悉”，符合语境，由likes可知，句子为一般现在时，主语是he，be动词用is。故填is familiar with。 39．考查动词短语。句意：他们把这位年轻人的小说与鲁迅的小说相比较。根据“the novel by the young man”及“those by Lu Xun”可知，是把两者相比较，compare... to...意为“把……比作……；与……相比较”，符合语境，描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时，They作主语，compare用原形。故填①compare；②to。 40．考查动词短语。句意：学生应该可以进入学校图书馆。根据the library of the school可知，是可以进入学校图书馆，have access to意为“可以使用；有接触……的机会或权利”，符合语境，should后接动词原形。故填have access to。 题型一 语法填空 （24-25高一上·福建莆田·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Internet has become an 1 (importance) part of our daily lives. It has changed the way we communicate, learn, and do business. With the development of technology, the Internet is becoming faster 2 more reliable.​ One of the 3 (great) advantages of the Internet is that it allows us to access information 4 from all over the world. We can search for answers to our questions, read news, watch videos, and listen to music. The Internet has also made it easier for people 5 (connect) with each other. We can communicate with friends and family members who live far away through social media platforms, email, and video calls. However, the Internet also has its 6 (drawback). There is a lot of false information on the Internet, and it can be difficult to tell what is true and what is not. Additionally, there are concerns about privacy and security. Hackers can steal our personal information, and online scams are becoming increasingly 7 (common).​ To make the most of the Internet, we need to use it 8 (responsible). We should be careful about the information we share online and make sure we are using 9 (rely) sources. It’s also important to protect our privacy and security by using strong passwords and avoiding 10 (click) on suspicious links. 【答案】 1．important 2．and 3．greatest 4．easily 5．to connect 6．drawbacks 7．common 8．responsibly 9．reliable 10．clicking 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了互联网已经成为日常生活非常重要的一部分，它带来了便捷，也带来了暗藏的危险。因此，在享受互联网便利的同时，需警惕其风险并采取防范措施。 1．考查形容词。句意：互联网已经成为我们日常生活中非常重要的一部分。所填应是形容词，作定语，修饰名词“part”。“importance”，名词，意为“重要性”，其形容词形式为“important(重要的)”。故填important。 2．考查并列连词。句意：随着技术的发展，互联网正变得越来越快且更加可靠。分析可知，“faster”与“more reliable”为并列关系，用并列连词and连接。故填and。 3．考查形容词最高级。句意：互联网的一大显著优势在于，它使我们能够容易地获取来自世界各地的信息。“one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数”，意为“最……之一”。故填greatest。 4．考查副词。句意：互联网的一大显著优势在于，它使我们能够容易地获取来自世界各地的信息。分析可知，这里应是用副词作状语，修饰动词“access”；结合句意可推知，此处表达“网络使我们更容易获得信息”含义，“easily”为副词，意为“容易地”，符合语境。故填easily。 5．考查动词不定式。句意：互联网也让人们能够更方便地彼此联系。“make it+adj. for sb. to do”为固定短语，意为“使某人做某事怎么样”，其中“it”为形式宾语，“for sb. to do”为真正宾语。故填to connect。 6．考查名词复数。句意：然而，互联网也有其缺点。“its”为形容词性物主代词，作名词的定语，因此所填应是名词，作宾语。“drawback”，可数名词，意为“缺点”，结合语境，这里用复数形式。故填drawbacks。 7．考查形容词。句意：黑客可以窃取我们的个人信息，网络诈骗正变得越来越普遍。所填应是形容词，作“are becoming”的表语。“common”，形容词，意为“常见的，普遍的”。故填common。 8．考查副词。句意：为了充分利用互联网，我们需要负责任地使用它。此处用副词作状语，修饰动词“use”。“responsible”，形容词，意为“负责的”，其副词形式为“responsibly(负责地)”。故填responsibly。 9．考查形容词。句意：我们应该小心我们在网上分享的信息，并确保我们使用的是可靠的来源。所填应是形容词，作定语，修饰名词“sources”。“rely”，动词，意为“依赖，依靠”，其形容词形式为“reliable(可靠的)”。故填reliable。 10．考查动名词作宾语。句意：我们还应当通过使用强密码以及避免点击可疑链接来保护我们的隐私和安全。“avoid doing”，固定短语，意为“避免做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填clicking。 （24-25高一下·辽宁丹东·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The first drone (无人机) delivery service guided by China’s Beidou navigation Satellite System has begun operations in Zhuzhou, Hunan province, offering local residents 1 brief introduction into a futuristic, fast-paced delivery system. On Tuesday, August 13, drones took off from the Zhuzhou “Beidou+ drone” low-altitude flying service center to deliver packages 2 an SF Express center about 4 kilometers away in just a few minutes. The service, 3 (operate) by Phoenix Technology, aims to 4 (significant) reduce delivery times. The center operates five new routes for delivering medical 5 (supply), everyday goods, agricultural products and emergency equipment, as well as 6 (perform) waterway examinations. As the first company to receive a license for drone delivery in China, Phoenix Technology 7 (open) 215 routes by the end of 2023, transporting nearly 3 million packages weighing a total of 15 million metric tons. Tang Zhibin, a local resident, expressed his 8 (excite) about the new technology and its potential convenience. “They’re much larger than the drones I’ve used for photography and remind me of something from Hollywood sci-fi movies,” he said. “China’s drone technology is considered among the world’s best,” Zhou added. 9 draws widespread concern is that more regulation will be necessary 10 (ensure) safety as drone usage becomes more frequent. 【答案】 1．a 2．to 3．operated 4．significantly 5．supplies 6．performing 7．had opened 8．excitement 9．What 10．to ensure 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国北斗卫星导航系统指导的首个无人机配送服务在湖南株洲开始运营。 1．考查冠词。句意：8月13日，在中国北斗卫星导航系统的指导下，首个无人机配送服务在湖南省株洲市开始运营，为当地居民提供了一个对未来快速配送系统的简要介绍。空处泛指一个，应用不定冠词，且brief为辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 2．考查介词。句意：8月13日星期二，无人机从株洲“北斗+无人机”低空飞行服务中心起飞，仅用几分钟就将包裹运送到约4公里外的顺丰快递中心。deliver sth. to.是固定搭配，意为“把某物送到某地”。故填to。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：这项由丰翼科技运营的服务旨在显著缩短配送时间。句中已有谓语动词aims，动词operate在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且与逻辑主语The service构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填operated。 4．考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词reduce，应用副词significantly“显著地”，作状语。故填significantly。 5．考查名词。句意：该中心运营五条新路线，用于运送医疗用品、日用品、农产品和应急设备，以及进行航道检查。名词supply表示“用品，补给品”应用复数形式supplies。故填supplies。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处与delivering并列作介词for的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填performing。 7．考查动词时态。句意：作为中国首家获得无人机配送许可证的公司，丰翼科技到2023年底已开通215条航线，运输了近300万个包裹，总重量达1500万公吨。根据时间状语by the end of 2023可知，此处表示过去某一时间前已经完成的动作，应用过去完成时。故填had opened。 8．考查名词。句意：当地居民唐志斌对这项新技术及其潜在的便利性表示兴奋。空处应用名词作宾语，excite的名词形式为excitement“兴奋”，不可数。故填excitement。 9．考查主语从句。句意：引起广泛关注的是，随着无人机使用越来越频繁，将需要更多的监管来确保安全。空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，故用what引导，句首单词首字母要大写。故填What。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to ensure。 题型二 阅读理解 （24-25高一下·福建福州·期末）Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance (维护) costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. 1．What is the main purpose of using drones in railway inspection? A．To reduce the cost of railway construction. B．To improve railway safety and efficiency. C．To replace railway maintenance staff entirely. D．To provide passengers with better services. 2．What does the underlined word “That” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Sending staff to inspect and repair railways at night. B．The high cost of maintaining railway infrastructure. C．The use of drones in examining high-tension lines. D．Improving the on-time performance of trains. 3．What can be inferred about the future rail drones? A．They will fly overhead to detect railway faults. B．They will work autonomously ahead of the train. C．They will replace the train drivers gradually. D．They will signal problems after the train passes. 4．What does the author think of applying drones to railways? A．It is costly but effective. B．It has a promising future. C．It requires more technologies. D．It is too dangerous to implement. 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Drones: The Future of Railway Safety B．European Railways: A Case Study C．Railway Infrastructure: Maintenance and Costs D．High-Tech Co-pilots: Revolutionizing Trains 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了无人机在铁路检查中的应用可提升安全性和效率并降低成本，未来前景广阔。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board. (对铁路线路和其他铁路基础设施关键方面的检查越有规律，铁路的安全性、可靠性和准点率就会越高。成本将会降低，整体运营效率将会提高。)”可知，使用无人机检查铁路的主要目的是提高铁路的安全性和效率。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据计算，仅欧洲铁路每年在维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维护人员检查和维修铁路基础设施。)”可知，That指代的是上文提到的“晚上派维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施”这件事。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. (工程师们目前正在研究一个新概念：未来的铁路无人机。它们将在火车前面的轨道上移动，并被编程为自主运行。)”可知，未来的铁路无人机将在火车前面自主运行。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. (一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元？这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁轨和基础设施全天候安全。)”以及下文对无人机在铁路检查中应用的描述可知，作者认为将无人机应用于铁路具有广阔的前景。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了无人机在铁路检查中的应用，包括提高铁路安全性和效率、降低成本等方面的优势，以及未来铁路无人机的发展前景。因此，A选项“Drones: The Future of Railway Safety (无人机：铁路安全的未来)”最符合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A。 （24-25高一下·安徽合肥·期中）A scientist who discovered a unicorn (独角兽) might not say it without seeing it for many times. Yet, there are times when a single unicorn is all it takes. In 2007 an astronomer named Duncan Lorimer reported finding a new kind of astronomical event. It was a brief stream of energy so powerful that it could reach Earth from a galaxy billions of light-years away. He called it a fast radio burst (FRB). This remarkable find, if real, could make huge contributions to the study about the universe. He predicted there would be many more — but that year, he spotted just one. Though it’s not entirely unheard of for one event to launch an entirely new scientific inquiry, it is certainly uncommon. When Lorimer’s paper came out in the journal, it was not surprising that many were skeptical. “Sometimes, what seems like a remarkable scientific discovery turns out to be an error in the data,” some commented. As years ticked by and no more FRBs were discovered, some astronomers began to conclude Lorimer had found nothing more than an unusual example of one of the perytons. Good news: in 2011, there was a report of a second FRB．Four more were found in 2013. Bad news: all of them came from the same Lorimer’s radio telescope. But ultimately, in 2014, there was a report from another radio telescope. More discoveries started showing up from other telescopes on a somewhat regular basis. At last the conversation about FRBs shifted — from whether they were real to where they came from. Finally, this “unicorn” story came to a somehow surprising end. Several years ago, a team reanalyzed the same data from the radio telescope by which Lorimer found the first FRB．There was one more that they had previously missed. Since then, other teams have analyzed even older data and found FRBs in those datasets too. “They were just sitting there, waiting to be discovered by better techniques,” Lorimer says. 1．Which of the following can replace the underlined word in paragraph 3? A．Negative. B．Curious. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful. 2．What is the purpose when unicorns are mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To indicate that the new scientific discovery might be a legend. B．To hint that mythical creatures might actually exist in reality. C．To symbolize the previously unknown and unseen discoveries. D．To cite an event that occurred in the field of science. 3．Why was it bad news that other FRBs found also came from Lorimer’s telescope? A．Because it might mean the results were not reliable. B．Because they were all found at almost the same time. C．Because these signals were labeled as perytons and turned out to be not real FRBs. D．Because not every astronomer had access to the same type of telescope as Lorimer. 4．What does the last sentence imply? A．Just one event might be enough to kick off a new scientific field. B．It’s unlikely to make a new scientific discovery without advanced research methods. C．Scientists shouldn’t deny new discoveries even if they lack evidence temporarily. D．It’s important for scientists to carefully tell the difference between true discoveries and data errors. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了快速射电暴（FRB）从发现到被广泛确认的科学探索过程。 1．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“When Lorimer’s paper came out in the journal, it was not surprising that many were skeptical. “Sometimes, what seems like a remarkable scientific discovery turns out to be an error in the data,” some commented.(当洛里默的论文在期刊上发表时，许多人skeptical，这并不奇怪。“有时候，看似非凡的科学发现，结果却是数据错误，”一些人评论道。)”可知，许多人对洛里默的论文持怀疑态度，认为有时候看似非凡的科学发现结果是数据上的错误，skeptical“怀疑的”与D选项Doubtful“怀疑的”意思一致。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第一段中“A scientist who discovered a unicorn (独角兽) might not say it without seeing it for many times. Yet, there are times when a single unicorn is all it takes.(一个发现独角兽的科学家可能不会在没多次见到它的情况下就这么说。然而，有时候，一只独角兽就足够了。)”和第二段“In 2007 an astronomer named Duncan Lorimer reported finding a new kind of astronomical event. It was a brief stream of energy so powerful that it could reach Earth from a galaxy billions of light-years away. He called it a fast radio burst (FRB). This remarkable find, if real, could make huge contributions to the study about universe. He predicted there would be many more — but that year, he spotted just one.(2007年，一位名叫邓肯·洛里默的天文学家报告称发现了一种新型天文事件。那是一股极为短暂且强大的能量流，能够从数十亿光年外的星系抵达地球。他将其命名为快速射电暴（FRB）。如果这一非凡发现确凿无疑，那么它将为宇宙研究做出巨大贡献。他预测还会发现更多此类事件，但那一年，他仅观测到了一起。)”可知，第一段提到独角兽是为了象征以前未知和未被发现的发现，C选项“To symbolize the previously unknown and unseen discoveries.(象征着以前未知和未被发现的发现。)”符合题意。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Bad news: all of them came from the same Lorimer’s radio telescope. But ultimately, in 2014, there was a report from another radio telescope. More discoveries started showing up from other telescopes on a somewhat regular basis. At last the conversation about FRBs shifted — from whether they were real to where they came from.(但坏消息是：这些发现全部来自洛里默使用的那台射电望远镜。不过最终，在2014年，另一台射电望远镜也报告了快速射电暴的发现。此后，其他望远镜也开始较为定期地发现更多此类事件。最终，关于快速射电暴的讨论焦点从“它们是否真实存在”转移到了“它们源自何处”。)”可知，其他快速射电暴信号也都来自洛里默的同一台射电望远镜，这可能意味着结果不可靠，所以是坏消息。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““They were just sitting there, waiting to be discovered by better techniques,” Lorimer says.(“它们一直就在那里，等待着更先进的技术将它们发现。”洛里默说道。)”可知，即使暂时缺乏证据，科学家也不应该否认新发现。故选C。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $