Unit 1 单元主题语篇过关综合训练- 2025-2026学年沪教版（2024）英语八年级上册

Unit 1 单元主题语篇过关综合训练 一、完形填空 01 Who designed (设计) the first helicopter? Who 1 some of the most famous pictures in the world? Who knew more about the human body than most 2 of his time? There is an answer 3 all these questions—Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo may have been the greatest genius (天才) 4 have known. He lived in Italy in about the year 1500, but many of his inventions seem modern to us today. For example, one of his notebooks has drawings of a helicopter. Of course, he couldn’t 5 a helicopter with the things he had. But scientists say his idea might have worked. But Leonardo 6 an inventor. He was one of the greatest artists of his day. By the time he was twenty years old, he was called a master (大师), and as he got older he became 7 more famous. Sometimes he 8 draw a hand in ten different ways. Many of Leonardo’s wonderful paintings are still with 9 today. You may know one of his most famous works—Mona Lisa, a(n) 10 woman. 1．A．brought B．ate C．painted D．invented 2．A．teachers B．doctors C．students D．writers 3．A．to B．by C．for D．from 4．A．the scientists B．the artists C．the farmers D．people 5．A．draw B．paint C．work D．build 6．A．was just B．wasn’t just C．was no more D．was no longer 7．A．less B．no C．even D．very 8．A．could B．should C．must D．need 9．A．him B．us C．them D．you 10．A．interesting B．crying C．smiling D．surprising 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文介绍了著名艺术家列奥纳多·达·芬奇不仅是人们所知的伟大天才、发明家，还是当时最伟大的艺术家之一，其许多杰出画作至今留存。 1．句意：谁绘制了世界上一些最著名的画作？ brought带来；ate吃；painted绘画；invented发明。根据“some of the most famous pictures”可知，此处指绘制画作，故选C。 2．句意：谁比他那个时代的大多数医生更了解人体？ teachers教师；doctors医生；students学生；writers作家。“knew more about the human body”与人体相关，医生更了解人体，故选B。 3．句意：所有这些问题都有一个答案——列奥纳多·达·芬奇。 to到；by通过；for对于；from来自。“an answer to...”是固定短语，意为“……的答案”，故选A。 4．句意：列奥纳多可能是人们所知道的最伟大的天才。 the scientists科学家们；the artists艺术家们；the farmers农民们；people人们。此处是泛指人们所知晓的，范围最广，people符合语境，故选D。 5．句意：当然，他无法用他所拥有的东西建造一架直升机。 draw画；paint绘画；work工作；build建造。根据“he couldn’t...a helicopter with the things he had.”可知，指达·芬奇无法实际建造直升机，故选D。 6．句意：但列奥纳多不仅仅是一个发明家。 was just只是；wasn’t just不仅仅是；was no more不再是；was no longer不再是。后文提到他还是伟大的艺术家，说明他不只是发明家，故选B。 7．句意：到他二十岁时，他就被称为大师了，随着年龄的增长，他变得更加有名。 less更少；no不；even甚至；very非常。“even more famous”表示“更加有名”，even可用来加强比较级，故选C。 8．句意：有时他能以十种不同的方式画一只手。 could能够；should应该；must必须；need需要。根据“Sometimes he ... draw a hand in ten different ways.”可知，此处表示具备某种能力，用could，故选A。 9．句意：列奥纳多的许多精彩画作至今仍与我们同在。 him他；us我们；them他们；you你/你们。根据“Many of Leonardo’s wonderful paintings are still with ... today.”可知，此处是说这些画作至今还在我们身边，故选B。 10．句意：你可能知道他最著名的作品之一——《蒙娜丽莎》，一个微笑的女人。 interesting有趣的；crying哭泣的；smiling微笑的；surprising令人惊讶的。《蒙娜丽莎》以画中女子的微笑闻名，故选C。 02 You must know something about snails (蜗牛). They are interesting, aren’t they? People all say snails “walk”, 11 most of the time snails don’t move at all. They’re in their shells (壳)— 12 . The 13 sun will dry out (使……变干) a snail’s body. So when it’s sunny, a snail doesn’t get out of its shell. It goes to sleep 14 its shell. A snail will be 15 on rainy days. When it rains, it goes out of its shell house. A snail can sleep as long as it needs to. It can have a 16 sleep, or it can sleep for days at a time. And it 17 all the winter months sleeping in its shell. In spring the snail 18 . Its body, about 8 cm long, comes out of the shell. When hungry, the snail looks for food. It can’t 19 very well. Its eyes, at the end of the top feelers (触角), are very weak. But its sense of smell is very strong. It helps the snail to find the fresh greens. Then the snail’s little mouth goes to work. Usually, a snail looks for food at 20 . But on cloudy days it eats in the daytime. A snail can keep eating for hours and never feels full. Its mouth is like the point of a pin (大头针). But it is said that a snail has about 14,000 teeth! 11．A．so B．and C．but D．if 12．A．moving B．sleeping C．eating D．walking 13．A．hot B．cool C．cold D．big 14．A．on B．behind C．outside D．in 15．A．happy B．healthy C．lost D．interested 16．A．long B．short C．great D．whole 17．A．needs B．spends C．pays D．takes 18．A．gets up B．wakes up C．stands up D．climbs up 19．A．feel B．smell C．hear D．see 20．A．noon B．morning C．night D．home 【答案】 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．D 15．A 16．B 17．B 18．B 19．D 20．C 【导语】本文介绍了蜗牛的生活习性，包括它们如何依赖天气变化来决定是否活动、它们的睡眠习惯以及寻找食物的方式。 11．句意：人们都说蜗牛“爬行”，但实际上大多数时候蜗牛根本就一动不动。 so所以；and和；but但是；if如果。根据“ People all say snails ‘walk’ ... most of the time snails don’t move at all.”可知，前半句说“人们都说蜗牛在‘走路’”，后半句说“大部分时间蜗牛根本不动”，两者是转折关系。故选C。 12．句意：它们在壳里睡觉。 moving移动；sleeping睡觉；eating吃；walking走路。根据后文“It goes to sleep in its shell.”和“And it ... all the winter months sleeping in its shell.”可知，蜗牛习性以休眠为主。故选B。 13．句意：炎热的太阳会使蜗牛的身体变干。 hot炎热的；cool凉爽的；cold寒冷的；big大的。根据“sun will dry out a snail’s body”可知，太阳会使蜗牛身体“变干”，这通常由高温引起。故选A。 14．句意：它在壳里睡觉。 on在……上；behind在……后；outside在……外；in在……里。根据前文“in their shells”，且本句主语“it”指蜗牛可知，蜗牛睡觉时在壳内部，因此介词需用in。故选D。 15．句意：蜗牛在雨天会很开心。 happy开心的；healthy健康的；lost迷路的；interested感兴趣的。根据后文“When it rains, it goes out of its shell house.”可知，下雨时，它会从壳房子里出来，说明蜗牛喜欢雨天。故选A。 16．句意：它可以睡一小会儿，也可以一次睡上好几天。 long长的；short短的；great棒的；whole整个的。根据“or”可知，句子在对比两种睡眠：一种是短时间睡眠，另一种是长时间睡眠（睡好几天）。short“短的”与“for days”形成对比，符合逻辑。故选B。 17．句意：而且，它整个冬天都在壳里睡觉。 needs需要；spends花费；pays支付；takes拿。根据“And it ... all the winter months sleeping in its shell.”可知，句子描述蜗牛“花费”整个冬天睡觉。主语“it”是蜗牛，需用“spend time doing”结构表示“花费时间做某事。故选B。 18．句意：春天，蜗牛醒来。 gets up起床；wakes up醒来；stands up站立；climbs up爬上。根据“And it spends all the winter months sleeping in its shell.”可知，蜗牛冬眠，春天应“从睡眠中苏醒”。故选B。 19．句意：当饥饿时，蜗牛会寻找食物。 feel感觉；smell闻；hear听；see看。根据“Its eyes, at the end of the top feelers, are very weak.”可知，它的眼睛非常弱”，直接说明视力问题。因此，空格应填“看”的能力不足。故选D。 20．句意：通常，蜗牛在晚上寻找食物。 noon中午；morning早上；night晚上；home家。根据“But on cloudy days it eats in the daytime.”可知，此处表示转折，所以通常不在白天进食。蜗牛是夜行动物，避免日间干燥。故选C。 03 The Earth’s history has been 45 billion years. Now it can be found in different periods (时期) of different 21 of fossils, and these fossils can 22 the history of our planet earth-shaking changes. Over 200 million years ago, on Earth there 23 a group of animals: the dinosaurs. They have dominated (支配) the Earth 24 up to 1.5 million years. However, dinosaurs died out 25 . Nobody knows why. And a very long time later, humans 26 and no one has seen a 27 dinosaur up to now. Today, we know everything about them 28 the dinosaur fossils. 29 people found dinosaurs’ bones (骨骼), teeth, egg fossils, and skin marks, footprints, and other cave sites (洞穴遗址), the scientists have discovered the 30 of the dinosaurs. 21．A．types B．sizes C．years D．places 22．A．speak B．tell C．say D．talk 23．A．had B．has C．were D．was 24．A．in B．of C．for D．to 25．A．quietly B．suddenly C．sadly D．finally 26．A．came B．disappeared C．appeared D．happened 27．A．real B．living C．alive D．interesting 28．A．with B．in C．from D．by 29．A．Before B．After C．When D．Since 30．A．secrets B．names C．eggs D．lives 【答案】 21．A 22．B 23．D 24．C 25．B 26．C 27．B 28．C 29．D 30．A 【导语】本文主要介绍地球的历史和恐龙的灭绝。 21．句意：现在可以在不同类型的化石中找到不同时期的地球历史。 types类型；sizes尺寸；years年；places地点。根据“Now it can be found in different periods (时期) of different…of fossils,”可知，此处是指在不同时期存在不同类型的化石。故选A。 22．句意：而这些化石可以讲述我们星球翻天覆地的变化的历史。 speak说；tell告诉；say说话；talk谈论。根据“…and these fossils can…the history of our planet earth-shaking changes.”可知，此处是指化石用它们自己来告诉我们地球的巨大变化。故选B。 23．句意：2亿多年前，地球上有一群动物：恐龙。 had有，过去式；has有，三单形式；were是，be动词复数形式的过去式；was是，be动词单数形式的过去式。根据“Over 200 million years ago, on Earth there…a group of animals: the dinosaurs.”可知，此处为there be句型，时态为一般过去时，由空后的不定冠词a可知，用单数形式。故选D。 24．句意：它们统治地球长达1.5亿年。 in在……期间；of……的；for达，计；to到。根据“They have dominated (支配) the Earth…up to 1.5 million years.”可知，此处是指它们统治地球长达1.5亿年，用介词for表示。故选C。 25．句意：然而，恐龙突然灭绝了。 quietly快速地；suddenly突然地；sadly悲哀地；finally最后地。根据“However, dinosaurs died out…Nobody knows why.”可知，此处是指灭绝得很突然，用副词suddenly修饰整个句子。故选B。 26．句意：而很久以后，人类出现了，至今没有人见过活着的恐龙。 came来；disappeared消失；appeared出现；happened发生。根据“And a very long time later, humans…and…”及常识可知，此处是指恐龙灭绝很久后人类出现了。故选C。 27．句意：而很久以后，人类出现了，至今没有人见过活着的恐龙。 real真的；living活的，有生命的；alive存活着的；interesting有趣的。根据“…and no one has seen a…dinosaur up to now.”可知，此处是指没有人见过一只活着的恐龙，用形容词living修饰。故选B。 28．句意：今天，我们通过恐龙化石了解它们的一切。 with和；in在……期间；from来自，表示事物的来源；by经过。根据“Today, we know everything about them…the dinosaur fossils.”可知，此处是指恐龙化石是了解恐龙的来源。故选C。 29．句意：自从人们发现恐龙的骨骼、牙齿、蛋化石、皮肤痕迹、脚印和其他洞穴遗址以来，科学家们已经发现了恐龙的秘密。 Before在……之前；After在……之后；When当……时候；Since自从。根据“…people found dinosaurs’ bones (骨骼), teeth, egg fossils, and skin marks, footprints…”可知，此处是指自从人们发现恐龙后，用连词Since表示。故选D。 30．句意：自从人们发现恐龙的骨骼、牙齿、蛋化石、皮肤痕迹、脚印和其他洞穴遗址以来，科学家们已经发现了恐龙的秘密。 secrets秘密；names名字；eggs蛋；lives生活。根据“…the scientists have discovered the…of the dinosaurs.”可知，此处是指人类从来没有见过恐龙，通过考古终于发现了恐龙的秘密了。故选A。 04 Here are two articles from an Encyclopaedia. One is about Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo was an 31 painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist. He was born in the countryside. When he was a little boy, he 32 great intelligence and artistic ability. 33 he grew older, he 34 to do many different things. His paintings are very famous. He also had many 35 . For example, his notebooks include some interesting 36 of flying machines. 37 article is about dinosaurs. Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years 38 human beings. They lived everywhere on Earth. There were many different 39 of dinosaurs. Small ones, huge ones, many dinosaurs ate plants, 40 some dinosaurs liked to eat meat. 31．A．Indian B．Italy C．Italian D．English 32．A．told B．appeared C．showed D．won 33．A．When B．As C．Before D．Until 34．A．had B．wanted C．preferred D．learnt 35．A．inventions B．paintings C．notebooks D．drawings 36．A．paintings B．drawings C．photos D．ideas 37．A．Other B．The other C．Another D．The others 38．A．after B．since C．before D．ago 39．A．kinds B．sizes C．hobbies D．habits 40．A．and B．so C．for D．while 【答案】 31．C 32．C 33．B 34．D 35．A 36．B 37．B 38．C 39．A 40．D 【导语】本文是选自《百科全书》的两篇短文。一是关于达芬奇，另一个是关于恐龙。 31．句意：达芬奇是意大利画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师和科学家。 Indian印度的；Italy意大利；Italian意大利的；English英国的。根据“an … painter”可知，此处应用形容词作定语，结合常识可知，达芬奇是意大利的。故选C。 32．句意：当他还是个小男孩的时候，他就表现出了很高的智力和艺术才能。 told告诉；appeared出现；showed展现；won赢得。根据“great intelligence”可知，此处应指展现出很高的智力。故选C。 33．句意：随着年龄的增长，他学会了做许多不同的事情。 When当……时候；As随着；Before在……之前；Until直到。根据“he … to do many different things”可知，此处应指随着年龄的增长。故选B。 34．句意：随着年龄的增长，他学会了做许多不同的事情。 had有；wanted想要；preferred更喜欢；learnt学习。根据“His paintings are very famous. He also had many … .”可知，此处应指学会了做许多不同的事情。故选D。 35．句意：他也有许多发明。 inventions发明；paintings图画；notebooks笔记本；drawings图纸。根据“his notebooks include some interesting … of flying machines”可知，此处应指有许多发明。故选A。 36．句意：例如，他的笔记本上有一些有趣的飞行器图。 paintings图画；drawings图纸；photos照片；ideas想法。根据“his notebooks include some interesting … of flying machines”可知，笔记本上应是画的关于飞行机器的图纸。故选B。 37．句意：另一篇文章是关于恐龙的。 Other其他的；The other两者中的另一个；Another另一个；The others其他人。根据“Here are two articles from an encyclopaedia.”与“One is about Leonardo da Vinci.”可知，此处应指两者中的另一个，one…the other…“一个……另一个……”。故选B。 38．句意：恐龙比人类早6000多万年生活在地球上。 after在……之后；since自从；before在……之前；ago之前。根据“Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years … human beings.”结合常识可知，恐龙是生活在人类之前。故选C。 39．句意：这里有许多不同种类的恐龙。 kinds种类；sizes尺寸；hobbies爱好；habits习惯。根据“Small ones, huge ones”可知，此处应指有许多不同的种类。故选A。 40．句意：小恐龙，大恐龙，许多恐龙吃植物，而一些恐龙喜欢吃肉。 and并且；so所以；for因为；while然而。根据“many dinosaurs ate plants, … some dinosaurs liked to eat meat”可知，两者之间为转折，因此应用while。故选D。 二、阅读理解 01 An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book, or a set of books. It contains valuable information on many different subjects, or it can focus deeply on one subject. For over 2,000 years, encyclopaedias have summarized human knowledge to help people learn. The word “encyclopaedia” comes from ancient Greek words meaning “all-round education”. At first, it described a complete system of learning. A German writer, Paul Scalich, was the first to use “encyclopaedia” as the actual title for a book in 1559. Before that, these books often had creative names or were simply called “dictionaries”. Denis Diderot later made “encyclopaedia” more popular with his well-known French “Encyclopédie”. The meaning of “encyclopaedia” has changed greatly. Today, people usually think of a large set of books. These books often include maps, pictures, and an index to help find information. They cover many various topics, including biographies of important people, both in the past and at present. Many experts write these articles, and skilled editors carefully put them together. However, encyclopaedias weren’t always exactly like this. In the past, some were just a single book written by one person, while others were indeed huge sets. They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people. Arranging topics alphabetically or using languages other than Latin took many years to become very common. Encyclopaedias can cover all knowledge or focus on specific broad areas, like history or science. They are important because they record what people knew at different specific times. Even old encyclopaedias are valuable because they contain writings from many great thinkers and leaders, showing how our understanding of the world has greatly grown. 1．What is the main purpose of an encyclopaedia? A．To replace formal education systems. B．To advertise new scientific discoveries. C．To entertain readers with creative stories. D．To summarize human knowledge for learning. 2．How did early encyclopaedias differ from modern ones? A．They focused only on science. B．They were always written in Latin. C．They often didn’t have illustrations. D．They never covered multiple subjects. 3．What does the underlined word “index” in Paragraph 3 probably mean in Chinese? A．索引 B．封皮 C．脚注 D．标题 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (①Modern features     ②Definition     ③Value     ④Past features     ⑤History) A．②→⑤→①→④→③ B．⑤→②→④→①→③ C．②→①→⑤→③→④ D．①→⑤→②→④→③ 5．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A fiction novel about Greek scholars. B．A museum guidebook about ancient books. C．A newspaper article on modern technology. D．An educational magazine on knowledge tools. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了百科全书的历史、定义、现代特征及其价值。 1．细节理解题。根据“An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book… to help people learn.”可知，百科全书的主要目的是总结人类知识以供学习。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people.”可知，与现代百科全书相比，早期版本常缺少插图。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“an index to help find information”可知，“index”的功能帮助查找信息，所以index意为“索引”。故选A。 4．篇章结构题。根据“An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book, or a set of books.”可知，第一段介绍百科全书的定义，②排第一；根据“The word ‘encyclopaedia’ comes from ancient Greek words meaning ‘all-round education’.”可知，第二段介绍百科全书的历史，⑤排第二；根据“Today, people usually think of a large set of books. These books often include maps, pictures, and an index to help find information.”可知，第三段介绍现代百科全书的特征，①排第三；根据“However, encyclopaedias weren’t always exactly like this. In the past, some were just a single book written by one person, while others were indeed huge sets. They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people.”可知，第四段介绍过去百科全书的特征，④排第四；根据“Encyclopaedias can cover all knowledge or focus on specific broad areas, like history or science. They are important because they record what people knew at different specific times.”可知，最后一段介绍百科全书的价值，③排第五。故选A。 5．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了百科全书的相关内容，包括其历史、定义、特征及其价值，所以文章有可能出自一本关于知识工具的教育杂志。故选D。 02 Albert Einstein (1879—1955) Early Life Albert Einstein was born in 1879 in Germany. He had been an extraordinary person since he was born. He was always interested in things around him and full of imagination. He loved watching things carefully and asking a lot of questions about them. His questions were often hard to answer for teachers. Schooling Einstein started school in 1885. He did well in Maths and Science. Einstein finished grammar school in Germany and entered a university. He graduated (大学毕业) with the subject teacher diploma for Maths and Physics in 1900. Scientific Work After graduation, Einstein worked at the Swiss Patent Office. He spent much time studying physics. By 1909, Einstein had become a top scientist. Though he became successful in the field of science, he still worked hard on scientific research. Finally, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for the year 1921. Later Life Einstein kept doing his research until he died in 1955. Scientists studied his brain after his death to see if there was anything special about it. However, there was no answer. Today, many famous scientists still think Einstein is the smartest man in the world. 6．Where can you probably find this passage? A．In an encyclopaedia. B．In an advertisement (广告). C．In a travel guide. D．In a dictionary. 7．From the passage, we can learn that Albert Einstein ________. A．was not good at asking questions B．did well in all his schoolwork C．worked as a doctor after he graduated D．had great achievements in Physics 8．What does the underlined word “extraordinary” mean in Chinese? A．幽默的 B．笨拙的 C．非凡的 D．普通的 9．Which of the following shows the order of Einstein’s experience? a. Albert Einstein asked a lot of questions about things. b. Albert Einstein won the Nobel Prize for Physics. c. Albert Einstein started his school life in Germany. d. Albert Einstein became a top scientist in the world. e. Albert Einstein got a job at the Swiss Patent Office. A．a-c-b-e-d B．a-c-e-d-b C．c-a-b-e-d D．c-a-e-d-b 10．What can we know from the last two paragraphs? A．Nobody could be smarter than Albert Einstein. B．Scientists found out why Albert Einstein was so smart. C．Scientists showed great interest in Albert Einstein’s brain. D．Albert Einstein couldn’t keep on working in his later life. 【答案】6．A 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的生平。 6．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了爱因斯坦的生平，可能在百科全书中出现。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据“Finally, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for the year 1921.”可知，爱因斯坦在物理方面有很大的成就。故选D。 8．词义猜测题。根据“He was always interested in things around him and full of imagination. He loved watching things carefully and asking a lot of questions about them. His questions were often hard to answer for teachers.”可知，爱因斯坦总是对周围的事情感兴趣，并且充满了想象力。他喜欢认真地观看事物并且问许多有关的问题。他的问题对于老师来说经常很难回答。由此可知，爱因斯坦是一个不同寻常的人，因此画线单词的意思是“非凡的”。故选C。 9．细节理解题。根据“He loved watching things carefully and asking a lot of questions about them.”，“Einstein started school in 1885.”，“After graduation, Einstein worked at the Swiss Patent Office.”，“By 1909, Einstein had become a top scientist.”和“Finally, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for the year 1921.”可知，正确的顺序是a-c-e-d-b。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据“Scientists studied his brain after his death to see if there was anything special about it.”可知，科学家们对爱因斯坦的大脑很感兴趣。故选C。 03 Encyclopaedias can give you facts and information about all kinds of subjects. There are different kinds of encyclopaedias, such as the encyclopaedia of science, and the encyclopaedia of music. Do you know which encyclopaedia the following two articles are from? a Philippe Bizot is a famous mime master (哑剧大师) from France. He was born in 1967 and began learning mime when he was just eight years old. Since then, he has never stopped studying it. At the age of 20, he got the “International Paris Mime Prize”. In the past 30 years, he has given shows to people across the world. Bizot thinks living in a world without words makes people full of imagination. With no other things or conversations, Bizot gives the shows only by using his body, gestures and facial expressions (面部表情). b Do you know that not only the fish but also some animals live in the sea? For example, the whale is not a fish. It can’t breathe in the water. It swims in the water. But it comes up for air. The blue whale is the world’s biggest animal. There are other sea animals too. One is called the dolphin. Dolphins need air to live. They breathe air as whales do. Dolphins are very clever. They sometimes seem to speak to each other. Many other animals live near the sea. Seals and sea otters (海獭) love the sea. They swim and play there. They eat smaller fish and sea plants. 11．When did Bizot start to learn mime? A．In 1975. B．In 1985. C．In 1987. D．In 1997. 12．What does the underlined word “gestures” probably mean in Chinese? A．语言 B．姿势 C．感受 D．态度 13．Which of the following is a fish? A．The dolphin. B．The whale. C．The seal. D．The shark. 【答案】11．A 12．B 13．D 【导语】本文介绍了百科全书能提供不同类型的信息和知识，并给出了两篇来自百科全书的文章。 11．推理判断题。根据“He was born in 1967 and began learning mime when he was just eight years old.”可知，Bizot出生于1967年，在8岁的时候就开始学习哑剧，1967+8=1975，也就是1975年开始学习哑剧。故选A。 12．词句猜测题。根据“Philippe Bizot is a famous mime master (哑剧大师) from France.”和“Bizot thinks living in a world without words makes people full of imagination. With no other things or conversations, Bizot gives the shows only by using his body, gestures and facial expressions (面部表情).”可知，此处介绍他所使用的肢体语言，所以推测“gestures”应是“手势”的意思。故选B。 13．推理判断题。根据“For example, the whale is not a fish...There are other sea animals too. One is called the dolphin...Many other animals live near the sea. Seals and sea otters (海獭) love the sea.”可知，海豚、鲸鱼、海豹是动物，不是鱼。由此可知，鲨鱼是鱼。故选D。 04 Dictionaries are very important tools for students. When you encounter a new word, you can look it up in a dictionary to find its pronunciation, definition, and usage. There are different types of dictionaries, such as English-Chinese dictionaries and Chinese-English dictionaries. Online dictionaries are also very popular now. They are convenient and provide more examples. In addition to dictionaries, there are other reference books like encyclopedias and thesauruses. Encyclopedias can give you detailed knowledge about various topics, and thesauruses can help you find synonyms for words. Using these reference books can improve your study efficiency. 14．What can dictionaries help us find? A．Pronunciation, definition, and usage of words. B．Only pronunciation. C．Only definition. D．Only usage. 15．What types of dictionaries are mentioned? A．English-Chinese and Chinese-English dictionaries. B．Only English-Chinese dictionaries. C．Only Chinese-English dictionaries. D．None of the above. 16．Why are online dictionaries popular? A．Because they are slow. B．Because they are convenient and provide more examples. C．Because they are hard to use. D．Because they are boring. 17．What can encyclopedias do? A．Help find synonyms. B．Give detailed knowledge about various topics. C．Only provide pictures. D．None of the above. 18．How can using reference books help students? A．By reducing study efficiency. B．By improving study efficiency. C．By making study more difficult. D．By wasting time. 【答案】14．A 15．A 16．B 17．B 18．B 【导语】本文介绍了几种参考书，以及这些参考书的用途。 14．细节理解题。根据“When you encounter a new word, you can look it up in a dictionary to find its pronunciation, definition, and usage.”可知，字典可以帮助我们找到单词的发音、定义和用法。故选A。 15．细节理解题。根据“There are different types of dictionaries, such as English-Chinese dictionaries and Chinese-English dictionaries.”可知，文中提到的词典有英汉词典和汉英词典，故选A。 16．细节理解题。根据“Online dictionaries are also very popular now. They are convenient and provide more examples.”可知，在线词典现在也很流行，因为它们很方便，并提供了更多的例子。故选B。 17．细节理解题。根据“Encyclopedias can give you detailed knowledge about various topics, and thesauruses can help you find synonyms for words.”可知，百科全书可以给你关于不同主题的详细知识。故选B。 18．细节理解题。根据“Using these reference books can improve your study efficiency.”可知，使用参考书帮助学生提高学习效率。故选B。 三、任务型阅读 01 综合阅读。 Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452 in Italy. He is best known as an (A) ________ today. (B) 他最著名的画作之一is called Mona Lisa. However, Leonardo had many other natural abilities (天赋). He was (C) ________ a great inventor. Many of his inventions have become important in modern life. (D)Leonardo hated war, but he invented many different machines used for war. His most special invention was the machine gun (枪), which was (E) made and used in war many years later. By watching the way birds fly, Leonardo tried to find out the secret of flying. Among (F) his sketches (素描), we can see (G) a few objects. We consider (H) them as modern flying machines. 1．请在(A)和(C)处填入适当的单词： ； 。 2．请将(B)翻译成英语： 3．请将(D)改成同义句： Leonardo hated war, he invented many different machines used for war. 4．请写出(E)和(G)的同义词： ； 。 5．(F)和(H)分别指代的是： ； 。 【答案】1．artist also 2．One of his most famous paintings 3．Although/Though 4．produced several/some 5． Leonardo’s/Leonardo da Vinci’s the objects 【导语】本文介绍了列奥纳多·达·芬奇的出生时间、地点以及他作为艺术家和发明家的成就。 1．根据“He is best known as an…today.”可知，此处表示他是一位艺术家，根据“He was…a great inventor.”可知，此处表示他也是一位伟大的发明家，also“也”符合。故填artist；also。 2．他：he；最著名的……之一：one of the most famous…；画作：paintings。故填One of his most famous paintings。 3．句意：尽管列奥纳多讨厌战争，但他发明了许多用于战争的不同机器。表示“尽管”，放在句首，使用although或是though引导让步状语从句，句首单词首字母大写，故填Although/Though。 4．“made”意思是“制作”，动词过去式，同义词为produced；“a few”意思是“一些”，同义词为several/some。故填produced；several/some。 5．根据“Leonardo tried to find out the secret of flying. Among (F) his sketches”可知，(F)物主代词指代的是列奥纳多的；根据“we can see (G) a few objects. We consider (H) them as modern flying machines.”可知，(H)人称代词宾格指代的是前一句出现过的名词复数the objects。故填Leonardo’s/Leonardo da Vinci’s；the objects。 02 Here’s another story about Leonardo da Vinci. It was said that Leonardo was a strange man. He didn’t eat any meat, which was very unusual in those times. He never published (发表) his ideas and scientific discoveries. He usually used mirror writing, which looks like writing a mirror, starting from the right side of the page and moving to the left. We have very little of his work today. Leonardo finished only a few of his paintings. He left many unfinished because he thought they were not perfect. No one in his life time knew how great Leonardo was. We now believe, however, that he was one of the cleverest men that the world has ever known. 6．Did most people in Leonardo’s life time eat meat? 7．How many examples did the writer choose to show Leonardo was a strange man? 8．What does mirror writing look like? 9．What might Leonardo da Vinci think of his painting Mona Lisa? 10．What does the writer think of Leonardo da Vinci? 【答案】6．Yes./Yes, they did. 7．Three. 8．It looks like writing a mirror, starting from the right side of the page and moving to the left. 9．Perfect./He thought it was perfect. 10．He was one of the cleverest men that the world has ever known./One of the cleverest men. 【导语】本文主要讲述了关于达·芬奇当时的一些习惯。 6．根据“He didn’t eat any meat, which was very unusual in those times.”可知，在达芬奇的时代，大多数人是吃肉的。故填Yes./Yes, they did. 7．根据“He didn’t eat any meat, which was very unusual in those times. He never published (发表) his ideas and scientific discoveries. He usually used mirror writing...”可知，作者用了三个例子来说明达芬奇是一个奇怪的人。故填Three. 8．根据“He usually used mirror writing, which looks like writing a mirror, starting from the right side of the page and moving to the left.”可知，镜像写作看起来像是写一面镜子，从页面的右侧开始，向左移动。故填It looks like writing a mirror, starting from the right side of the page and moving to the left. 9．根据“He left many unfinished because he thought they were not perfect.”可知，达芬奇未发表的作品都是他认为不完美的，所以他认为他的画《蒙娜丽莎》是完美的。故填Perfect./He thought it was perfect. 10．根据“We now believe, however, that he was one of the cleverest men that the world has ever known.”可知，作者认为达芬奇是世界上最聪明的人之一。故填He was one of the cleverest men that the world has ever known./ One of the cleverest men. 03 阅读回答。 One day, Sammy went for a walk in the mountains. He found a stone. It looked like a big egg. He took it home and put it by the window. One morning, Sammy heard some noise. The stone broke open. It was really an egg! A small animal climbed out and looked at Sammy. It was a dinosaur. Sammy called it “Dudley”. Dudley was always hungry. He ate and ate and grew and grew. Soon he was bigger than Sammy. A man from Dinosaur Park read about Sammy and Dudley in the newspaper. He phoned Sammy and said, “Hello, Sammy. This is Mr. Lee from Dinosaur Park. Come with Dudley and meet the children here. I’ll give you 10,000 dollars.” Sammy said, “OK.” A week later, Sammy got the money. What happened next, can you guess? 11．Sammy found an egg one day, didn’t he? 12．When did Sammy find it? 13．Where did Sammy put the “stone”? 14．Why was Dudley always hungry? 15．Where did Sammy take Dudley? 【答案】11．Yes, he did./Yes. 12．When he was walking in the mountains./While walking in the mountains. 13．By the window. 14．Because he was growing. 15．To Dinosaur Park. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了萨米在山里散步时发现了一块石头，带回家后，石头孵化成小恐龙的故事。 11．根据第一段“It was really an egg!”可知，萨米有一天发现了一个蛋。故填Yes, he did./Yes. 12．根据第一段“One day, Sammy went for a walk in the mountains. He found a stone.”可知，萨米去山里散步时，他发现了一块石头。故填When he was walking in the mountains./While walking in the mountains. 13．根据第一段“He took it home and put it by the window.”可知，他把它带回家，放在窗边。故填By the window. 14．根据第二段“Dudley was always hungry. He ate and ate and grew and grew.”可知，达德利总是很饿，因为他在长身体。故填Because he was growing. 15．根据第二段“This is Mr. Lee from Dinosaur Park. Come with Dudley and meet the children here.”可知，萨米把达德利带到了恐龙公园。故填To Dinosaur Park. 04 任务型阅读 Here are two articles from an encyclopaedia. Da Vinci, Leonardo Leonardo da Vinci (1452~1519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist. Da Vinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability. (A) As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the (B) most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, (C) his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines. (See Art) Dinosaurs Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years (D) ________ human beings. They lived everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. (E)一些甚至可以飞. Many dinosaurs ate plants. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat. Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly, they (F) ________ died out. Nobody knows why. However, we can learn about them from their fossils. (See Earth history) 16．写出文中画线部分(A)和(B)的同义词或近义词： ; 17．将文中画线部分(C)改写为： some interesting drawings of flying machines in his notebooks. 18．在文中(D)和(F)的空白处填入适当的单词： ; 19．将文中画线部分(E)译成英语： 20．从文中找出来两个描述恐龙的形容词： ; 【答案】16．When best-known 17．There are 18． before all 19．Some could even fly. 20． big small 【导语】本文是来自百科全书里的两篇文章，一篇是介绍达·芬奇的生平及作品，另一篇是介绍恐龙的相关知识。 16．根据“From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability.”从很小的时候起，他就表现出很高的智力和艺术能力；可知此处指“随着年龄的增长”，as=when“当……时候”；根据“the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the (B) most famous painting in the world”可知此处指“《蒙娜丽莎》可能是世界上最著名的画作”，most famous= best-known“最著名的”。故填When；best-known。 17．his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines意为“他的笔记本上有一些有趣的飞行机器的图画”，可用“There be…”句式表达；“some interesting drawings of flying machines”是复数名词，be动词形式用are。故填There；are。 18．根据“more than 60 million years”可知此处指“恐龙生活在地球上比人类早6000万年”；可知(D)处填before“在……之前”；根据下文“However, we can learn about them from their fossils.”我们可以从它们的化石中了解它们；可知此处指“恐龙突然全部消失”；(F)处填all“全部的”。故填before；all。 19．一些：some；甚至：even；可以：could，本文讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时；飞：fly，情态动词后接动词原形。故填Some could even fly. 20．根据第四段“Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants.”有些恐龙像鸡一样小，其他的有十头大象那么大；可知用“big”和“small”描述恐龙。故填big；small。 四、短文填空 01 语法填空 Online encyclopedias are like endless treasure boxes filled with 1 (know) on the Internet. Wherever you are, as long as you have a computer, tablet, or smartphone, you can open 2 (they) and explore a wide world of information. You can learn about the great leaders 3 history, the latest findings in science, the cultures of different 4 (country), and even the secrets of ancient civilizations. What makes online encyclopedias special is that they can be updated constantly. Unlike 5 (tradition) books, which need a long time to revise and publish new editions, information on online encyclopedias can change every day. For instance, when a new planet 6 (discover) in space or a popular movie is released, details about them 7 (appear) online soon. However, we must use online encyclopedias 8 (careful). Sometimes, people might write wrong information by accident, or some content may not be fully checked. So, if you use the information from online encyclopedias for homework or research, it’s important 9 (check) it with other trusted resources, like school books or government websites.​ All in all, online encyclopedias are 19 (amaze) tools. They help us learn quickly and satisfy our curiosity. With smart use, they will be our best friends on the learning journey. 【答案】 1．knowledge 2．them 3．in 4．countries 5．traditional 6．is discovered 7．will appear 8．carefully 9．to check 10．amazing 【导语】本文介绍了在线百科全书的特点和优势，强调了它们能快速更新信息，但同时提醒用户在使用时需谨慎核实内容的准确性。 1．句意：在线百科全书就像互联网上无尽的装满知识的宝盒。根据“filled with”可知，with是介词，后应接名词；know“知道”，其名词为knowledge“知识”，不可数。故填knowledge。 2．句意：无论你在哪里，只要你有一台电脑、平板电脑或智能手机，你就可以打开它们，探索广阔的信息世界。空前的open是动词，后接人称代词的宾格，they的宾格为them。故填them。 3．句意：你可以了解历史上的伟大领袖，科学上的最新发现，不同国家的文化，甚至是古代文明的秘密。此处指历史上的伟大领袖，in history表示“历史上”。故填in。 4．句意：你可以了解历史上的伟大领袖，科学上的最新发现，不同国家的文化，甚至是古代文明的秘密。根据空前的different可知，空处应是可数名词country的复数形式countries。故填countries。 5．句意：与需要很长时间修改和出版新版本的传统书籍不同，在线百科全书上的信息每天都在变化。修饰名词books应用形容词，tradition的形容词为traditional“传统的”。故填traditional。 6．句意：例如，当在太空中发现一颗新行星或一部受欢迎的电影上映时，有关它们的细节很快就会出现在网上。根据“ a new planet ... in space”可知，新行星是在太空中“被发现”，再根据“is released”可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语“a new planet”为单数，be动词用is。故填is discovered。 7．句意：例如，当在太空中发现一颗新行星或一部受欢迎的电影上映时，有关它们的细节很快就会出现在网上。根据“soon”可知，此处应用一般将来时，结构为will do。故填will appear。 8．句意：然而，我们必须谨慎地使用在线百科全书。修饰动词use，应用careful的副词carefully。故填carefully。 9．句意：所以，如果你使用在线百科全书的信息来做家庭作业或研究，重要的是要与其他可信的资源核对，比如学校书籍或政府网站。it is adj. to do sth.“做某事是……的”，空处应用不定式。故填to check。 10．句意：总而言之，在线百科全书是令人惊奇的工具。根据“online encyclopedias are ... tools.”可知，修饰物应用-ing结尾的形容词，amazing“令人惊奇的”符合语境。故填amazing。 02 Da Vinci, Leonardo Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and 1 (science). Da Vinci was 2 (extreme) intelligent, and he was unusually talented in many different fields. He was a true genius, and his paintings and inventions changed the way we think about art and science. Leonardo da Vinci was born in the countryside in Italy. From an early age, he 3 (show) great intelligence and artistic talent. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His 4 (paint) are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks include some 5 (interest) drawings of flying machines and other vehicles. Dinosaurs Dinosaurs are 6 type of prehistoric animal. They are 7 (relate) to crocodiles, snakes and lizards. They are also the ancestors of today’s birds. Dinosaurs first appeared around 245 million years ago. The word “dinosaur” comes from two Greek words, and it means “terrible lizard”. Dinosaurs lived on land and walked on either two 8 four legs. Many dinosaurs ate plants, but some ate meat. Dinosaurs came in different sizes. Some were as small as chickens, and others were as big as ten elephants. Dinosaurs ruled the Earth for more than 180 million years. About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly died 9 . Scientists are not completely sure why. However, they are learning more and more about dinosaurs by 10 (study) their fossils. 【答案】 1．scientist 2．extremely 3．showed 4．paintings 5．interesting 6．a 7．related 8．or 9．out 10．studying 【导语】本文主要介绍了一本百科全书的两篇文章，一篇是关于莱昂纳多·达·芬奇，另一篇是关于恐龙的。 1．句意：莱昂纳多·达·芬奇是意大利画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师和科学家。根据“painter, inventor, musician, engineer and…”可知，画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师这些都是职业，“科学家”是scientist，是名词。故填scientist。 2．句意：达芬奇是极其聪明的，他在许多不同的领域都有非凡的才能。 此处需要填入一个副词，修饰形容词intelligent，extreme的副词是extremely。故填extremely。 3．句意：从很小的时候，他就表现出了巨大的智慧和艺术才能。根据“From an early age”可知，本句的时态是一般过去时，动词需用过去式。show的过去式是showed。故填showed。 4．句意：他的画非常有名，其中一幅《蒙娜丽莎》可能是世界上最著名的画。根据“the Mona Lisa”可知，《蒙娜丽莎》是作品。本句表达的应是：他的画非常有名。“画、作品”可译为painting，是可数名词，此处需用名词的复数paintings。故填paintings。 5．句意：例如，他的笔记本上有一些有趣的飞行器图。根据“his notebooks include some…(interest) drawings of flying machines”可知，此处缺形容词，并且它是修饰物“drawings”，需用形容词“令人感兴趣的”interesting。故填interesting。 6．句意：恐龙是一种史前动物。“a type of”表示“一种”，这里是说恐龙是一种史前动物，故填a。 7．句意：恐龙和恐龙与鳄鱼、蛇和蜥蜴属于同一物种。“be related to”是固定搭配，表示“与……属于同一种类”，这里是说恐龙与鳄鱼、蛇和蜥蜴属于同一物种，故填related。 8．句意：恐龙在陆地上行走，要么用两条腿要么用四条腿“either...or...”是固定搭配，表示“要么……要么……；或者……或者……”，故填or。 9．句意：大约6600万年前恐龙突然灭绝了。“die out”表示“灭绝”，故填out。 10．然而，他们正在通过研究他们的化石来了解更多关于恐龙的知识。“by”是介词，后接动词的-ing形式，故填studying。 03 语篇填空 Here are two articles from an encyclopaedia. Da Vinci, Leonardo Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and 1 (science). Da Vinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he 2 (show) great intelligence and artistic ability. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His 3 (paint) are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had 4 (much) inventions. For example, his notebooks include some 5 (interest) drawings of flying machines. Dinosaurs Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings. They lived everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs were as 6 (small) as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. Some 7 (can) even fly. Many dinosaurs ate plants. However, some dinosaurs liked 8 (eat) meat. Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly, they all died out. Nobody 9 (know) why. However, we can learn about them from 10 (they) fossils. 【答案】 1．scientist 2．showed 3．paintings 4．many 5．interesting 6．small 7．could 8．to eat 9．knows 10．their 【导语】本文主要介绍了一本百科全书的两篇文章。 1．句意：多·达·芬奇是意大利画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师和科学家。根据“painter, inventor, musician, engineer and…”可知，画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师这些都是职业，“科学家”是scientist，是名词。故填scientist。 2．句意：从很小的时候，他就表现出了巨大的智慧和艺术才能。根据“From an early age”可知，本句的时态是一般过去时，动词需用过去式。show的过去式是showed。故填showed。 3．句意：他的画非常有名，其中一幅《蒙娜丽莎》可能是世界上最著名的画。根据“the Mona Lisa”可知，《蒙娜丽莎》是作品。本句表达的应是：他的画非常有名。“画、作品”可译为painting，是可数名词，此处需用名词的复数paintings。故填paintings。 4．句意：他也有许多发明。根据“inventions”可知，它是可数名词复数，需用many来修饰。故填many。 5．句意：例如，他的笔记本上有一些有趣的飞行器图。根据“his notebooks include some…(interest) drawings of flying machines”可知，此处缺形容词，并且它是修饰物“drawings”，需用形容词“令人感兴趣的”interesting。故填interesting。 6．句意：有些恐龙像鸡一样小。本题考查短语：as+形容词原级+as。“small”小的，是形容词。故填small。 7．句意：有些甚至会飞。根据“Some…(can) even fly. ”可知，本句的时态是一般过去时，“can”能，它的过去式是could。故填could。 8．句意：然而，有些恐龙喜欢吃肉。根据“some dinosaurs liked…(eat) meat.”可知，本题考查短语“喜欢做某事”like to do sth，表示偶尔喜欢做某事。故填to eat。 9．句意：没人知道原因。根据“Nobody…(know) why.”可知，本句的动词表示状态，时态需用一般现在时。主语是Nobody，不定代词作主语，谓语动词需用单数。故填knows。 10．句意：然而，我们可以从它们的化石中了解它们。根据“However, we can learn about them from…(they) fossils.”可知，此空缺的是形容词性的物主代词，修饰其后的名词fossils。故填their。 04 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题卡规定的位置上。 Do you know about Confucius? Confucius is 1 (great) teacher in Chinese history. His birthday was on September 28. Although he 2 (live) over 2,000 years ago, people still remember and respect him for his contribution to the education today. Confucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu in Shandong Province. He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. He had 3 hard childhood. His father died when he was only 3. His mother brought him up. As a child, he had to work 4 (help) his mother, but young Confucius didn’t give up 5 (study). He visited many famous teachers and learnt music, history, poetry and sports. Later, he became a teacher and started the 6 (one) public school in Chinese history. At that time, only children from noble (贵族的) families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school 7 they wanted to learn. He had about 3,000 8 (student) in his life. Today, people still follow Confucius’ lessons. He told us that we all have something worthy to be learnt. “When I am with three people, one of them must be better 9 me in some areas. I choose their good qualities and follow them.” He also taught 10 (we) that thinking is very important in study. “All study but no thinking makes people puzzled. All thinking but no study makes people lazy.” 【答案】 1．the greatest 2．lived 3．a 4．to help 5．studying 6．first 7．if 8．students 9．than 10．us 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了我国古代伟大的教育家孔子。 1．句意：孔子是中国历史上最伟大的老师。根据空格后比较范围“in Chinese history”可知使用最高级，形容词最高级前用the，great的最高级是greatest。故填the greatest。 2．句意：尽管他生活在2000多年前，但人们仍然记得并尊重他对当今教育的贡献。根据时间状语“over 2,000 years ago”可知此句时态为一般过去时，live“生活，居住”的过去式是lived。故填lived。 3．句意：他有一个艰苦的童年。根据“hard”是辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a，have a hard childhood“童年生活很艰苦”，故填a。 4．句意：小时候，他不得不工作来帮助母亲，但年轻的孔子并没有放弃学习。此句谓语是“had to work”，后面再跟动词一般使用动词不定式，此句是动词不定式作目的状语。故填to help。 5．句意：小时候，他不得不工作来帮助母亲，但年轻的孔子并没有放弃学习。give up doing sth.“放弃做某事”，give up“放弃，认输”，及物动词，后面跟动名词作宾语，study“学习”，动名词是studying。故填studying。 6．句意：后来，他成为一名教师，开办了中国历史上第一所公立学校。此空格处表示顺序，应用序数词，one的序数词是first，故填first。 7．句意：当时，只有贵族家庭的孩子才能上学，但孔子认为每个人都应该上学，如果他们想学习。根据“… everyone should go to school…they wanted to learn.”可知，前句是在后句的条件下出现的结果，后句表示条件，应用if引导此条件状语从句。故填if。 8．句意：他一生中有大约3000名学生。根据空格前数词“about 3,000”可知，空格处用名词复数。故填students。 9．句意：当我和三个人在一起时，其中一个人在某些方面一定比我强。根据比较级“better”和空格后比较对象“me”可知用介词than。故填than。 10．句意：他还告诉我们，思考在学习中非常重要。空格处作宾语，应用人称代词宾格，we“我们”，宾格形式是us。故填us。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 单元主题语篇过关综合训练 一、完形填空 01 Who designed (设计) the first helicopter? Who 1 some of the most famous pictures in the world? Who knew more about the human body than most 2 of his time? There is an answer 3 all these questions—Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo may have been the greatest genius (天才) 4 have known. He lived in Italy in about the year 1500, but many of his inventions seem modern to us today. For example, one of his notebooks has drawings of a helicopter. Of course, he couldn’t 5 a helicopter with the things he had. But scientists say his idea might have worked. But Leonardo 6 an inventor. He was one of the greatest artists of his day. By the time he was twenty years old, he was called a master (大师), and as he got older he became 7 more famous. Sometimes he 8 draw a hand in ten different ways. Many of Leonardo’s wonderful paintings are still with 9 today. You may know one of his most famous works—Mona Lisa, a(n) 10 woman. 1．A．brought B．ate C．painted D．invented 2．A．teachers B．doctors C．students D．writers 3．A．to B．by C．for D．from 4．A．the scientists B．the artists C．the farmers D．people 5．A．draw B．paint C．work D．build 6．A．was just B．wasn’t just C．was no more D．was no longer 7．A．less B．no C．even D．very 8．A．could B．should C．must D．need 9．A．him B．us C．them D．you 10．A．interesting B．crying C．smiling D．surprising 02 You must know something about snails (蜗牛). They are interesting, aren’t they? People all say snails “walk”, 11 most of the time snails don’t move at all. They’re in their shells (壳)— 12 . The 13 sun will dry out (使……变干) a snail’s body. So when it’s sunny, a snail doesn’t get out of its shell. It goes to sleep 14 its shell. A snail will be 15 on rainy days. When it rains, it goes out of its shell house. A snail can sleep as long as it needs to. It can have a 16 sleep, or it can sleep for days at a time. And it 17 all the winter months sleeping in its shell. In spring the snail 18 . Its body, about 8 cm long, comes out of the shell. When hungry, the snail looks for food. It can’t 19 very well. Its eyes, at the end of the top feelers (触角), are very weak. But its sense of smell is very strong. It helps the snail to find the fresh greens. Then the snail’s little mouth goes to work. Usually, a snail looks for food at 20 . But on cloudy days it eats in the daytime. A snail can keep eating for hours and never feels full. Its mouth is like the point of a pin (大头针). But it is said that a snail has about 14,000 teeth! 11．A．so B．and C．but D．if 12．A．moving B．sleeping C．eating D．walking 13．A．hot B．cool C．cold D．big 14．A．on B．behind C．outside D．in 15．A．happy B．healthy C．lost D．interested 16．A．long B．short C．great D．whole 17．A．needs B．spends C．pays D．takes 18．A．gets up B．wakes up C．stands up D．climbs up 19．A．feel B．smell C．hear D．see 20．A．noon B．morning C．night D．home 03 The Earth’s history has been 45 billion years. Now it can be found in different periods (时期) of different 21 of fossils, and these fossils can 22 the history of our planet earth-shaking changes. Over 200 million years ago, on Earth there 23 a group of animals: the dinosaurs. They have dominated (支配) the Earth 24 up to 1.5 million years. However, dinosaurs died out 25 . Nobody knows why. And a very long time later, humans 26 and no one has seen a 27 dinosaur up to now. Today, we know everything about them 28 the dinosaur fossils. 29 people found dinosaurs’ bones (骨骼), teeth, egg fossils, and skin marks, footprints, and other cave sites (洞穴遗址), the scientists have discovered the 30 of the dinosaurs. 21．A．types B．sizes C．years D．places 22．A．speak B．tell C．say D．talk 23．A．had B．has C．were D．was 24．A．in B．of C．for D．to 25．A．quietly B．suddenly C．sadly D．finally 26．A．came B．disappeared C．appeared D．happened 27．A．real B．living C．alive D．interesting 28．A．with B．in C．from D．by 29．A．Before B．After C．When D．Since 30．A．secrets B．names C．eggs D．lives 04 Here are two articles from an Encyclopaedia. One is about Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo was an 31 painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist. He was born in the countryside. When he was a little boy, he 32 great intelligence and artistic ability. 33 he grew older, he 34 to do many different things. His paintings are very famous. He also had many 35 . For example, his notebooks include some interesting 36 of flying machines. 37 article is about dinosaurs. Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years 38 human beings. They lived everywhere on Earth. There were many different 39 of dinosaurs. Small ones, huge ones, many dinosaurs ate plants, 40 some dinosaurs liked to eat meat. 31．A．Indian B．Italy C．Italian D．English 32．A．told B．appeared C．showed D．won 33．A．When B．As C．Before D．Until 34．A．had B．wanted C．preferred D．learnt 35．A．inventions B．paintings C．notebooks D．drawings 36．A．paintings B．drawings C．photos D．ideas 37．A．Other B．The other C．Another D．The others 38．A．after B．since C．before D．ago 39．A．kinds B．sizes C．hobbies D．habits 40．A．and B．so C．for D．while 二、阅读理解 01 An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book, or a set of books. It contains valuable information on many different subjects, or it can focus deeply on one subject. For over 2,000 years, encyclopaedias have summarized human knowledge to help people learn. The word “encyclopaedia” comes from ancient Greek words meaning “all-round education”. At first, it described a complete system of learning. A German writer, Paul Scalich, was the first to use “encyclopaedia” as the actual title for a book in 1559. Before that, these books often had creative names or were simply called “dictionaries”. Denis Diderot later made “encyclopaedia” more popular with his well-known French “Encyclopédie”. The meaning of “encyclopaedia” has changed greatly. Today, people usually think of a large set of books. These books often include maps, pictures, and an index to help find information. They cover many various topics, including biographies of important people, both in the past and at present. Many experts write these articles, and skilled editors carefully put them together. However, encyclopaedias weren’t always exactly like this. In the past, some were just a single book written by one person, while others were indeed huge sets. They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people. Arranging topics alphabetically or using languages other than Latin took many years to become very common. Encyclopaedias can cover all knowledge or focus on specific broad areas, like history or science. They are important because they record what people knew at different specific times. Even old encyclopaedias are valuable because they contain writings from many great thinkers and leaders, showing how our understanding of the world has greatly grown. 1．What is the main purpose of an encyclopaedia? A．To replace formal education systems. B．To advertise new scientific discoveries. C．To entertain readers with creative stories. D．To summarize human knowledge for learning. 2．How did early encyclopaedias differ from modern ones? A．They focused only on science. B．They were always written in Latin. C．They often didn’t have illustrations. D．They never covered multiple subjects. 3．What does the underlined word “index” in Paragraph 3 probably mean in Chinese? A．索引 B．封皮 C．脚注 D．标题 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (①Modern features     ②Definition     ③Value     ④Past features     ⑤History) A．②→⑤→①→④→③ B．⑤→②→④→①→③ C．②→①→⑤→③→④ D．①→⑤→②→④→③ 5．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A fiction novel about Greek scholars. B．A museum guidebook about ancient books. C．A newspaper article on modern technology. D．An educational magazine on knowledge tools. 02 Albert Einstein (1879—1955) Early Life Albert Einstein was born in 1879 in Germany. He had been an extraordinary person since he was born. He was always interested in things around him and full of imagination. He loved watching things carefully and asking a lot of questions about them. His questions were often hard to answer for teachers. Schooling Einstein started school in 1885. He did well in Maths and Science. Einstein finished grammar school in Germany and entered a university. He graduated (大学毕业) with the subject teacher diploma for Maths and Physics in 1900. Scientific Work After graduation, Einstein worked at the Swiss Patent Office. He spent much time studying physics. By 1909, Einstein had become a top scientist. Though he became successful in the field of science, he still worked hard on scientific research. Finally, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for the year 1921. Later Life Einstein kept doing his research until he died in 1955. Scientists studied his brain after his death to see if there was anything special about it. However, there was no answer. Today, many famous scientists still think Einstein is the smartest man in the world. 6．Where can you probably find this passage? A．In an encyclopaedia. B．In an advertisement (广告). C．In a travel guide. D．In a dictionary. 7．From the passage, we can learn that Albert Einstein ________. A．was not good at asking questions B．did well in all his schoolwork C．worked as a doctor after he graduated D．had great achievements in Physics 8．What does the underlined word “extraordinary” mean in Chinese? A．幽默的 B．笨拙的 C．非凡的 D．普通的 9．Which of the following shows the order of Einstein’s experience? a. Albert Einstein asked a lot of questions about things. b. Albert Einstein won the Nobel Prize for Physics. c. Albert Einstein started his school life in Germany. d. Albert Einstein became a top scientist in the world. e. Albert Einstein got a job at the Swiss Patent Office. A．a-c-b-e-d B．a-c-e-d-b C．c-a-b-e-d D．c-a-e-d-b 10．What can we know from the last two paragraphs? A．Nobody could be smarter than Albert Einstein. B．Scientists found out why Albert Einstein was so smart. C．Scientists showed great interest in Albert Einstein’s brain. D．Albert Einstein couldn’t keep on working in his later life. 03 Encyclopaedias can give you facts and information about all kinds of subjects. There are different kinds of encyclopaedias, such as the encyclopaedia of science, and the encyclopaedia of music. Do you know which encyclopaedia the following two articles are from? a Philippe Bizot is a famous mime master (哑剧大师) from France. He was born in 1967 and began learning mime when he was just eight years old. Since then, he has never stopped studying it. At the age of 20, he got the “International Paris Mime Prize”. In the past 30 years, he has given shows to people across the world. Bizot thinks living in a world without words makes people full of imagination. With no other things or conversations, Bizot gives the shows only by using his body, gestures and facial expressions (面部表情). b Do you know that not only the fish but also some animals live in the sea? For example, the whale is not a fish. It can’t breathe in the water. It swims in the water. But it comes up for air. The blue whale is the world’s biggest animal. There are other sea animals too. One is called the dolphin. Dolphins need air to live. They breathe air as whales do. Dolphins are very clever. They sometimes seem to speak to each other. Many other animals live near the sea. Seals and sea otters (海獭) love the sea. They swim and play there. They eat smaller fish and sea plants. 11．When did Bizot start to learn mime? A．In 1975. B．In 1985. C．In 1987. D．In 1997. 12．What does the underlined word “gestures” probably mean in Chinese? A．语言 B．姿势 C．感受 D．态度 13．Which of the following is a fish? A．The dolphin. B．The whale. C．The seal. D．The shark. 04 Dictionaries are very important tools for students. When you encounter a new word, you can look it up in a dictionary to find its pronunciation, definition, and usage. There are different types of dictionaries, such as English-Chinese dictionaries and Chinese-English dictionaries. Online dictionaries are also very popular now. They are convenient and provide more examples. In addition to dictionaries, there are other reference books like encyclopedias and thesauruses. Encyclopedias can give you detailed knowledge about various topics, and thesauruses can help you find synonyms for words. Using these reference books can improve your study efficiency. 14．What can dictionaries help us find? A．Pronunciation, definition, and usage of words. B．Only pronunciation. C．Only definition. D．Only usage. 15．What types of dictionaries are mentioned? A．English-Chinese and Chinese-English dictionaries. B．Only English-Chinese dictionaries. C．Only Chinese-English dictionaries. D．None of the above. 16．Why are online dictionaries popular? A．Because they are slow. B．Because they are convenient and provide more examples. C．Because they are hard to use. D．Because they are boring. 17．What can encyclopedias do? A．Help find synonyms. B．Give detailed knowledge about various topics. C．Only provide pictures. D．None of the above. 18．How can using reference books help students? A．By reducing study efficiency. B．By improving study efficiency. C．By making study more difficult. D．By wasting time. 三、任务型阅读 01 综合阅读。 Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452 in Italy. He is best known as an (A) ________ today. (B) 他最著名的画作之一is called Mona Lisa. However, Leonardo had many other natural abilities (天赋). He was (C) ________ a great inventor. Many of his inventions have become important in modern life. (D)Leonardo hated war, but he invented many different machines used for war. His most special invention was the machine gun (枪), which was (E) made and used in war many years later. By watching the way birds fly, Leonardo tried to find out the secret of flying. Among (F) his sketches (素描), we can see (G) a few objects. We consider (H) them as modern flying machines. 1．请在(A)和(C)处填入适当的单词： ； 。 2．请将(B)翻译成英语： 3．请将(D)改成同义句： Leonardo hated war, he invented many different machines used for war. 4．请写出(E)和(G)的同义词： ； 。 5．(F)和(H)分别指代的是： ； 。 02 Here’s another story about Leonardo da Vinci. It was said that Leonardo was a strange man. He didn’t eat any meat, which was very unusual in those times. He never published (发表) his ideas and scientific discoveries. He usually used mirror writing, which looks like writing a mirror, starting from the right side of the page and moving to the left. We have very little of his work today. Leonardo finished only a few of his paintings. He left many unfinished because he thought they were not perfect. No one in his life time knew how great Leonardo was. We now believe, however, that he was one of the cleverest men that the world has ever known. 6．Did most people in Leonardo’s life time eat meat? 7．How many examples did the writer choose to show Leonardo was a strange man? 8．What does mirror writing look like? 9．What might Leonardo da Vinci think of his painting Mona Lisa? 10．What does the writer think of Leonardo da Vinci? 03 阅读回答。 One day, Sammy went for a walk in the mountains. He found a stone. It looked like a big egg. He took it home and put it by the window. One morning, Sammy heard some noise. The stone broke open. It was really an egg! A small animal climbed out and looked at Sammy. It was a dinosaur. Sammy called it “Dudley”. Dudley was always hungry. He ate and ate and grew and grew. Soon he was bigger than Sammy. A man from Dinosaur Park read about Sammy and Dudley in the newspaper. He phoned Sammy and said, “Hello, Sammy. This is Mr. Lee from Dinosaur Park. Come with Dudley and meet the children here. I’ll give you 10,000 dollars.” Sammy said, “OK.” A week later, Sammy got the money. What happened next, can you guess? 11．Sammy found an egg one day, didn’t he? 12．When did Sammy find it? 13．Where did Sammy put the “stone”? 14．Why was Dudley always hungry? 15．Where did Sammy take Dudley? 04 任务型阅读 Here are two articles from an encyclopaedia. Da Vinci, Leonardo Leonardo da Vinci (1452~1519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist. Da Vinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability. (A) As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the (B) most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, (C) his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines. (See Art) Dinosaurs Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years (D) ________ human beings. They lived everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. (E)一些甚至可以飞. Many dinosaurs ate plants. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat. Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly, they (F) ________ died out. Nobody knows why. However, we can learn about them from their fossils. (See Earth history) 16．写出文中画线部分(A)和(B)的同义词或近义词： ; 17．将文中画线部分(C)改写为： some interesting drawings of flying machines in his notebooks. 18．在文中(D)和(F)的空白处填入适当的单词： ; 19．将文中画线部分(E)译成英语： 20．从文中找出来两个描述恐龙的形容词： ; 四、短文填空 01 语法填空 Online encyclopedias are like endless treasure boxes filled with 1 (know) on the Internet. Wherever you are, as long as you have a computer, tablet, or smartphone, you can open 2 (they) and explore a wide world of information. You can learn about the great leaders 3 history, the latest findings in science, the cultures of different 4 (country), and even the secrets of ancient civilizations. What makes online encyclopedias special is that they can be updated constantly. Unlike 5 (tradition) books, which need a long time to revise and publish new editions, information on online encyclopedias can change every day. For instance, when a new planet 6 (discover) in space or a popular movie is released, details about them 7 (appear) online soon. However, we must use online encyclopedias 8 (careful). Sometimes, people might write wrong information by accident, or some content may not be fully checked. So, if you use the information from online encyclopedias for homework or research, it’s important 9 (check) it with other trusted resources, like school books or government websites.​ All in all, online encyclopedias are 19 (amaze) tools. They help us learn quickly and satisfy our curiosity. With smart use, they will be our best friends on the learning journey. 02 Da Vinci, Leonardo Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and 1 (science). Da Vinci was 2 (extreme) intelligent, and he was unusually talented in many different fields. He was a true genius, and his paintings and inventions changed the way we think about art and science. Leonardo da Vinci was born in the countryside in Italy. From an early age, he 3 (show) great intelligence and artistic talent. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His 4 (paint) are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks include some 5 (interest) drawings of flying machines and other vehicles. Dinosaurs Dinosaurs are 6 type of prehistoric animal. They are 7 (relate) to crocodiles, snakes and lizards. They are also the ancestors of today’s birds. Dinosaurs first appeared around 245 million years ago. The word “dinosaur” comes from two Greek words, and it means “terrible lizard”. Dinosaurs lived on land and walked on either two 8 four legs. Many dinosaurs ate plants, but some ate meat. Dinosaurs came in different sizes. Some were as small as chickens, and others were as big as ten elephants. Dinosaurs ruled the Earth for more than 180 million years. About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly died 9 . Scientists are not completely sure why. However, they are learning more and more about dinosaurs by 10 (study) their fossils. 03 语篇填空 Here are two articles from an encyclopaedia. Da Vinci, Leonardo Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and 1 (science). Da Vinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he 2 (show) great intelligence and artistic ability. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His 3 (paint) are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had 4 (much) inventions. For example, his notebooks include some 5 (interest) drawings of flying machines. Dinosaurs Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings. They lived everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs were as 6 (small) as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. Some 7 (can) even fly. Many dinosaurs ate plants. However, some dinosaurs liked 8 (eat) meat. Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly, they all died out. Nobody 9 (know) why. However, we can learn about them from 10 (they) fossils. 04 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题卡规定的位置上。 Do you know about Confucius? Confucius is 1 (great) teacher in Chinese history. His birthday was on September 28. Although he 2 (live) over 2,000 years ago, people still remember and respect him for his contribution to the education today. Confucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu in Shandong Province. He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. He had 3 hard childhood. His father died when he was only 3. His mother brought him up. As a child, he had to work 4 (help) his mother, but young Confucius didn’t give up 5 (study). He visited many famous teachers and learnt music, history, poetry and sports. Later, he became a teacher and started the 6 (one) public school in Chinese history. At that time, only children from noble (贵族的) families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school 7 they wanted to learn. He had about 3,000 8 (student) in his life. Today, people still follow Confucius’ lessons. He told us that we all have something worthy to be learnt. “When I am with three people, one of them must be better 9 me in some areas. I choose their good qualities and follow them.” He also taught 10 (we) that thinking is very important in study. “All study but no thinking makes people puzzled. All thinking but no study makes people lazy.” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $