专题04 并列句-2026年高考英语阅读理解长难句突破

专题04 并列句 高考英语阅读理解 长难句突破 CONTENTS 并列句 01 并列句分类 02 并列句分级 03 长难句之并列句法 04 并列句 ① 1. 两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子，叫做并列句。 2. 基本结构：“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。 3. 并列连词 and: “和”，表示两个成分的并列或对称关系; but: “但是”，表示两个成分之间的转折关系; or: “或者”、“否则”、 “要不然”，表两个成分并列或选择; so: “因此，所以”，表示两个成分之间的因果关系。 根据并列分句之间的不同关系，并列句可以分为四种。 并列句分类 ② 1. 联合并列句 并列连词： and, both…and…, not only...but also, neither…nor…, on the one hand...on the other hand等。例如： He likes sports and he often plays basketball. Neither Jack nor his wife can play the piano. Not only can you get along well with others, but also they have a good impression on you. Both New York and London have traffic problem. 并列句分类 ② 1. 联合并列句 and: “和” 注：I like dogs and cats. 否定: I don’t like dogs or cats. 注：※祈使句 + and +陈述句 表示“ 如果… 就…” Study hard and you'll pass the exam. = If you study hard, you'll pass the exam. He studied hard and his parents were very proud. 并列句分类 ② 1. 联合并列句 neither....nor “既不……也不” She was neither happy nor sad. 注：就近原则 Neither you nor I am going there. 注：部分倒装（助动词、情态动词或 be 动词提到主语前） neither位于句首，neither和nor后都有主语和谓语，前后都倒 Neither was she happy nor was she sad. both: Both his parents and his relatives love him. 并列句分类 ② 1. 联合并列句 not only...but（also）"不仅...而且” She not only sings well , but (also) she dances well. 注：就近原则 Not only he but (also) I am wrong . Not only do I like her, but (also) I respect her. 注：部分倒装（助动词、情态动词或 be 动词提到主语前）not only位于句首，后面有主语和谓语，前倒装后不倒装 并列句分类 ② 1. 联合并列句 ※when “这时” (while和as以及其他词不可以) 1. sb. was/were doing...when.. I was sleeping when the bell rang. 2. sb. was/were about to do...when... He was about to go when my teacher came in. 3. sb. had just done...when... She had just finished the task when her boss called him. 并列句分类 ② 联合并列句练一练 1. _________my father _____ my mother can drive. However, they are going to buy an expensive car. 2.Walk 100 meters, ________ you will see the bus station. 3.He got up, washed his face,_______did his homework. 4.Both Tom______I like watching movies. 5.Not only do I know him, _______I’m his best friend. 6.I was cooking______someone knocked at the door. Neither nor and and and but when 并列句分类 ② 2. 转折并列句 并列连词：but, while, yet, however等。例如： The old woman lives alone, but she never feels lonely. we love peace but we are not afraid of war. I love her, however, I love you best. He was poor, yet happy. Some people waste food while others haven't enough. 并列句分类 ② 2. 转折并列句 注意：but和although/though不能同时出现在一个句子中。 He studied hard, but he failed the exam. Although/Though he studied hard, he failed the exam. 但是yet和still可以和although/though同时使用。 Although/Though he studied hard, yet he failed the exam. Although/Though he studied hard, he still failed the exam. 并列句分类 ② 2. 转折并列句 转折并列句练一练 1. The watch is nice, _______it’s too expensive. 2. I am good at English______he is good at math. 3. He fell ill.__________, he went to school. but while However 并列句分类 ② 3. 选择并列句 并列连词：or, otherwise, either…or…等。例如： Get up early, or you’ll be late for school. My plane was three hours late; otherwise, I could have done some sightseeing of the city. Either you or I am the best. 并列句分类 ② 3. 选择并列句 注：※祈使句 + or +陈述句 表示“ …, 否则…” Hurry up or you'll miss the train. = If you don’t hurry up, you'll miss the train. 比对：※祈使句 + and +陈述句 表示“ 如果… 就…” Study hard and you'll pass the exam. = If you study hard, you'll pass the exam. 并列句分类 ② 3. 选择并列句 You can either come to the party or stay at home. either...or... “或者...或者” 注：就近原则 Either I or he is the winner. not..but“不是...而是” He is not a teacher, but a doctor. 注：就近原则 Not he but we are responsible for the work. 并列句分类 ② 3. 选择并列句 选择并列句练一练 1. Don’t waste your money,____you can’t support yourself. 2. I’m busy all day.We can meet _____ at noon____at night. 3.The book is not interesting _______very boring. neither nor but or 并列句分类 ② 4. 因果并列句 并列连词：so, for, therefore等。例如： I turned on the TV, so we sat down and watched it. I was so tired, so I went home early. You must be ill, for you look so pale. She wasted so much time, therefore, she failed at last. 并列句分类 ② 1. Relax yourself every day,__________ you’ll be too tired to get good grades. or 2.Tom was exhausted after a whole day’s work, ____he fell asleep the moment he lay down on his bed. so 3.He is a millionaire, ______ he is not happy.. but 4.You can stay at home, ____ you can go to the cinema with us. or 因果并列句练一练 并列句分类 ② 单个连词 and 和，又 but 但是 for 因为 however (表示程度) or 或者 so 因此，所以 while 而 yet 然而 However cold it is outside, they are still working hard. 并列句分类 ② 复合连词 either...or... 或者...... 或者...... neither...nor 既不......也不...... not only...but also... 不仅......而且...... Neither has she changed her mind, nor will she do so. 她既没有改变主意，也不打算这样做。 并列句分类 ② 连接副词 besides 而且，此外 hence 因此，由此 nevertherless 然而 moreover 此外，而且 otherwise 否则，要不然 therefore 因此，所以 并列句分类 ② 注意事项 and = besides but = however so = therefore or = otherwise While 并列连词，表示比较；从属连词，在……期间，尽管 He is solider while his sister is a nurse. Some students are studying in the classroom while others take part in outdoor activities. While it is very cold outside, they are still working hard. 并列句分级 ③ 并列句 ——遵循并列对等原则 （并列成分、并列连词），其前后部分必须对等。 自定义： 一级并列，指并列句之间的并列关系； 二级并列，指简单句、主句、并列分句内的并列关系； 三级并列，指第一层从句内的并列关系； 四级并列，指第二层从句内的并列关系。 并列句分级 ③ 常用并列连词 1.并列两个元素（一级并列）的连接词 Either…or…; neither…nor…; not only…but also…; 并列句分级 ③ 只有单级并列成分的并列句 （安徽 单选） He seemed interested in my experience, but he didn’t ask for references. 一级并列：He…, but… 并列句分级 ③ （湖北B） Looking deep into the lives they have lived separately and together, Perri and Sheila tell their mother-daughter story with honesty, humor, enthusiasm, and admiration for each other. 并列句分级 ③ 含有二级及以上层级的并列句 （湖北A） The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows. 一级并列：The sky句，and the walls句。 并列句分级 ③ （湖北B） For Sheila, wasting time or money is a crime, and luxury is unthinkable while Perri enjoys the occasional small luxury, but has not been successful at trying to persuade her mother into enjoying even the tiniest thing she likes. 并列句分级 ③ 并列结构为主，兼含从句 （天津D） It’s not wishing for what we don’t have, but enjoying what we do possess. 一级并列：not wishing， but enjoying （新课标I D） Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. 二级并列：Those(定语) or （定语从句）； 二级并列： enjoy宾语or宾语 并列句分级 ③ 主从复合结构为主，内含并列结构 （湖北E） Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting 并列句分级 ③ 不含连接词的平行结构 （湖北B） Perri notes with amazement how closely her own life has mirrored her mother’s: both have full-time careers； both have published books, articles, and stories； each has three children； they both love to read. They also love to travel—in fact, they often take trips together. 长难句之并列句法 ④ 简单句 +简单句 =并列句 主+谓 主+谓+宾 主+系+表 主+谓+间宾+直宾 主+谓+宾+宾补 增肥 =复合句 长难句之并列句法 ④ Keep it in mind, gradually we can gain this good learning habit and benefit from it. 记住它，我们会逐渐掌握这种好的学习习惯，并从中受益。 Keep it in mind, and gradually we can gain this good learning habit and benefit from it. 逗号不能连接 前后两个句子 简单句 并列连词 简单句 长难句之并列句法 ④ After class, I learned from the teacher that my deskmate would have dropped out of school if he hadn’t been helped by others. After class, I learned the result from the teacher. 复杂的从句都是在简单句的基础上变形得来的。有选择题的语法基础，辨认并不困难，关键是写句子时怎样排除汉语干扰，合理安排各部分的层次与关系。 长难句之并列句法 ④ 长难句，看仔细, 一划二括三会意。 划主干，圈并列。（一划圈） 括修饰，不能少， 介短非谓和从句 （二括修饰） 先主干，后修饰。 层层分析得真意。（三会意） 长难句分析口诀 Tip1： Tip2： 长难句中除介词短语、非谓语和从句这些修饰语之外，还常带有插入语、如同位语、或用破折号、冒号等补充信息或插入新话题。 并列连词and, but, or, so可连接几个并列的成分或句子，如A and B, 这时应先找B,再找A, 根据B确定并列的是成分还是句子。圈出并列句的连词，可将长句一分为二，大大简化长难句。 长难句之并列句法 ④ 【2023年新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C】More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material forartworks - transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. 最近，由于书籍变得廉价甚至被随意丢弃，艺术家们已经将书籍用作艺术品的原材料，将书籍的封面、内页甚至整本书变成绘画和雕塑作品。 一划：划主干、给主谓宾划 _____ 牛刀小试： 【2023年新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B】A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks (where tiny creatures lived. 长难句之并列句法 ④ 2022年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇 In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. 一划：划主干、给主谓宾划_____， 圈并列 Tip1：并列连词and, but, or, so可连接并列的成分或句子，如A and B的模式, 应先确定A B其中一个的结构性质，帮助确定另一个是词、短语还是句子。圈出并列连词，将长难句一分为二，简化长难句。 长难句之并列句法 ④ 牛刀小试： For many older people who lived in the country, driving was very important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out without having to rely on others. (全国2卷D) 二括：括出修饰语： 给介短, 非谓和从句加( ) ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. 2022年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇 ( ( ( ( 长难句之并列句法 ④ In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations, including UNESCO and National Geographic, have for many years been recording dying languages and the culture which they reflect. (全国1卷D) Many scholars are making efforts to ______ promote global languages. rescue the disappearing languages. search for languages communities. set up languages research organizations. ) ( 三会意： 先主干， ( ( ( ( ( ) ) ) 长难句之并列句法 ④ (100所名校三B) My son Gus has food allergies to peanuts and tree nuts, and even the smallest amount of accidental ingestion(摄取） can touch off anaphylaxis---- a severe immune response that affects multiple systems and can throw the body into shock. What does the underlined phrase “touch off” probably mean? A. Describe B. Recover C. Affect D. Cause 后修饰， 三会意：先主干， ( ( Tip2： 长难句中除介词短语、非谓语和从句这些修饰语之外，还常带有插入语、如同位语或用破折号、冒号等补充信息或插入新话题。 长难句之并列句法 ④ (100所名校二D Para1) In Britain, the charity Arrhythmia Alliance estimates that at least 500,000 people have atrial fibrillation (心房颤动)， which causes an irregular heart rhythm and raises the risk of stroke, but have not yet been diagnosed because of no obvious symptoms. What can be inferred from paragraph 1? A. Many British people have potential risk of stroke. B. 500,000 British people sense irregular heart rhythm obviously. C. 500,000 British people have been diagnosed with atrial fibrillation. D. The charity makes a wrong judgment about the number of stroke patients. 层层分析得真意。 三会意：先主干，后修饰， that which ( ( ( ( 谢谢观看！ $