维度05 思维层面：侧重 “细节查找 + 深度推理”-2025-2026学年上学期九年级英语阅读认知能力突破必备（通用版）

专题05 思维层面：侧重 “细节查找 + 深度推理” 目录 1.细节理解题 ——“题干定位法” 精准破解 3 1.1 细节理解题的题型特点与考查方向 3 1.2 “题干定位法” 的解题步骤与核心技巧 3 1.2.1步骤一：分析题干，圈画定位词 4 1.2.2步骤二：根据定位词，回原文查找对应信息 4 1.2.3步骤三：比对原文信息与选项，确定正确答案 5 1.3 细节理解题实例分析与解题示范 5 1.4 细节理解题常见易错点与应对策略 8 1.4.1易错点 1：忽视题干中的限定条件，导致定位偏差 8 1.4.2易错点 2：对同义替换识别能力不足，错过关键信息 9 1.4.3易错点 3：比对选项时粗心大意，忽略细节差异 9 1.4.4易错点 4：遇到复杂句式时，无法准确提取关键信息 10 2.推理判断题 ——“细节 + 常识” 合理推断 10 2.1 推理判断题的题型特点与考查方向 10 2.2 “细节 + 常识” 的解题步骤与核心技巧 11 2.2.1步骤一：通读题干，明确推理方向 11 2.2.2步骤二：定位原文细节，确定推理依据 12 2.2.3步骤三：结合日常生活常识，进行合理推断 12 2.2.4步骤四：分析选项，排除错误答案，确定正确选项 13 2.3 推理判断题实例分析与答题思路 13 2.4 推理判断题常见易错点与应对策略 17 2.4.1易错点 1：脱离原文细节，仅凭主观臆断推理 17 2.4.2易错点 2：过度延伸推理范围，超出合理界限 18 2.4.3易错点 3：误用常识，忽略常识的普遍性与情境性 18 2.4.4易错点 4：混淆 “直接信息” 与 “推理信息” 18 3.观点态度题 ——“情感词判断” 快速突破 19 3.1 观点态度题的题型特点与考查方向 19 3.2 “情感词判断法” 的解题步骤与核心技巧 20 3.2.1步骤一：明确题干核心 ——“谁对什么的态度” 20 3.2.2步骤二：定位原文 —— 寻找 “态度主体评价态度对象” 的情感词 20 3.2.3步骤三：根据情感词判断态度倾向，排除矛盾选项 21 3.3 观点态度题实例分析与答题思路 22 3.4 观点态度题常见易错点与应对策略 25 3.4.1易错点 1：混淆 “态度主体”，误将 “他人态度” 当作 “作者态度” 25 3.4.2易错点 2：忽略 “情感词的转折关系”，片面截取信息 25 3.4.3易错点 3：误将 “客观描述” 当作 “情感态度” 26 3.4.4易错点 4：对 “隐含态度词” 敏感度不足 26 4.核心解题方法总结与实战训练 26 4.1 方法总结：三类题型核心解题方法 26 4.2 技巧运用：综合阅读与解析展示 27 4.3 实践拓展：日常学习中的备考建议与答题技巧 29 4.3.1技巧1. 日常练习：培养 “定位 + 标记” 习惯 29 4.3.2技巧2. 词汇积累：聚焦 “同义替换” 与 “情感词” 30 4.3.3技巧3. 考试技巧：“先题后文” 与 “排除法” 结合 30 4.3.4技巧4. 心态调整：避免 “纠结” 与 “过度思考” 30 4.4 反思总结：阅读理解过程中的常见问题答疑（FAQ） 30 4.5 能力提升：从 “会做题” 到 “会阅读” 31 4.5.1策略1. 培养 “段落结构分析” 能力 31 4.5.2策略2. 积累 “话题词汇”，提升阅读流畅度 32 4.5.3策略3. 养成 “读完总结” 的习惯 32 4.6 总结提升：掌握“细节查找 + 深度推理”的 核心思维 32 4.6.1核心1. 核心原则一致：“原文为纲，不凭空想” 32 4.6.2核心2. 解题方法分层：“题型不同，方法不同” 32 4.6.3核心3. 能力提升关键：“日常积累 + 刻意练习” 33 附录：九年级阅读理解实战演练试题 33 必备知识 在九年级英语阅读考试中，题型设置紧密围绕学生的基础认知能力和语言运用水平，其中 “细节题、主旨题、推理判断题” 占据了主导地位。从思维要求来看，这三类题型并不需要学生进行过于复杂的逻辑推演或深度抽象思考，其核心解题原则可以概括为 **“原文找依据，不凭空想”**。这一原则既是应对九年级英语阅读题的关键抓手，也是帮助学生建立科学解题习惯、避免主观臆断的重要指导思想。 为什么 “原文找依据” 如此重要？首先，九年级英语阅读材料的选取注重贴近学生生活实际和认知范围，无论是记叙文、说明文还是议论文，其核心信息、关键细节以及作者观点往往都会在原文中以明确或间接的方式呈现，不会出现过于隐晦或需要跨文本联想的内容。其次，从考试命题角度来看，命题人在设置题目选项时，正确答案必然是对原文信息的合理提炼、概括或推理，而错误选项则多源于 “无中生有”（原文未提及）、“偷换概念”（改变原文关键信息）、“过度延伸”（超出原文范围进行主观推测）等问题。因此，能否准确从原文中找到解题的依据，直接决定了答题的正确率。 “不凭空想” 则是对学生解题心态和方法的约束。在实际答题过程中，部分学生容易受到自身生活经验、主观喜好或思维定式的影响，在没有原文依据的情况下，仅凭感觉或想象选择答案。例如，在面对一道关于 “某人周末活动” 的细节题时，若学生自己周末常去公园，就可能在未确认原文信息的情况下，主观认为题目中的人物也去了公园，从而导致答题错误。因此，强调 “不凭空想”，就是要引导学生始终将原文作为解题的唯一标准，避免主观因素的干扰。 接下来，本专题将针对九年级英语阅读中与 “细节查找 + 深度推理” 密切相关的三类核心题型 —— 细节题、推理判断题、观点态度题，进行分类分层的详细解析，包括题型特点、解题方法、实例分析以及易错点提醒，帮助学生全面掌握这类题型的解题技巧，提升阅读答题能力。 1.细节理解题 ——“题干定位法” 精准破解 1.1 细节理解题的题型特点与考查方向 细节题是九年级英语阅读中出现频率最高、考查最为基础的题型，其主要目的是考查学生对原文中具体信息的捕捉和理解能力。这类题目通常涉及原文中的人名、时间、地点、数字、事件、原因、结果、方式、程度等具体细节内容，要求学生能够快速找到相关信息，并根据原文内容对选项进行判断或直接提取答案。 从题目形式来看，细节题的题干往往会明确指向原文中的某一具体细节，常见的提问方式包括： 疑问词引导的特殊疑问句：如 “What did the writer do last weekend?”“Where can people find the information about the event?”“When will the meeting start?”“Why did Mary refuse the invitation?”“How did Tom solve the problem?” 一般疑问句：如 “Did Lucy finish her homework before dinner?”“Is the library open on Sundays?” 选择疑问句：如 “Does the shop sell books or magazines?” 从考查方向来看，细节题主要分为两类： 直接细节题：即答案可以在原文中直接找到，不需要进行额外的概括或推理，只需将原文信息与选项进行对应即可 间接细节题：即答案并非原文信息的直接照搬，而是需要学生对原文中的相关信息进行简单的整理、归纳或同义转换后才能得出，例如原文中用 “three hours” 表示时间，选项中则用 “180 minutes” 进行同义替换，学生需要能够识别这种对应关系。 无论是直接细节题还是间接细节题，其解题的核心都在于 “精准定位原文信息”，而 “题干定位法” 则是实现这一核心目标的最有效方法。 1.2 “题干定位法” 的解题步骤与核心技巧 “题干定位法” 是指通过分析题干中的关键信息，确定定位词，然后根据定位词回到原文中查找与之对应的句子或段落，从而找到解题依据的方法。这种方法能够帮助学生在阅读材料篇幅较长、信息较多的情况下，快速锁定解题所需的关键区域，避免盲目阅读导致的时间浪费和信息遗漏。其具体解题步骤如下： 1.2.1步骤一：分析题干，圈画定位词 定位词是指能够在原文中明确指向某一具体细节的词语或短语，选择合适的定位词是 “题干定位法” 成功的关键。在九年级英语阅读题干中，常见的定位词主要包括以下几类： 专有名词：如人名（Tom, Lucy, Mr. Smith）、地名（Beijing, the Great Wall, Green Park）、机构名（No.1 Middle School, the City Library）、节日名（Christmas, Mid-Autumn Festival）等。这类词语在原文中通常以大写形式出现，辨识度高，且不易被同义替换，是最理想的定位词。 时间与数字：如具体年份（2023）、月份（July）、日期（15th）、时间点（3:00 pm）、年龄（15 years old）、数量（5 books, 100 meters）、价格（$20）等。这类信息在原文中通常以阿拉伯数字或特定的时间表达形式出现，容易被快速识别，也是重要的定位词。 核心动词与名词：当题干中没有专有名词或时间数字时，应选择题干中的核心动词（如 go, finish, buy, solve）或名词（如 problem, book, trip, test）作为定位词。这些词语是题干表达的核心内容，在原文中对应的信息也会围绕这些词语展开。 否定词与比较级：如 not, never, hardly, more, better, worse 等。这类词语能够明确题干的限定条件或比较关系，在原文中对应的信息也会包含类似的逻辑关系，有助于精准定位。 需要注意的是，在选择定位词时，应避免选择过于宽泛或在原文中频繁出现的词语，如 “people”“time”“thing”“good” 等。这些词语缺乏特异性，无法帮助学生准确锁定具体信息，反而可能导致定位范围过大，增加解题难度。 1.2.2步骤二：根据定位词，回原文查找对应信息 在确定了定位词之后，学生需要带着这些定位词回到原文中进行快速扫描，查找与之对应的句子或段落。在扫描过程中，应注意以下几点： 阅读顺序：通常情况下，九年级英语阅读材料的题目设置与原文内容的顺序是基本一致的，即第一题对应的信息通常在原文的前半部分，第二题对应的信息在第一题之后，以此类推。因此，在查找定位词时，可以按照题目顺序，从原文开头开始逐段扫描，这样能够提高定位的效率。 同义替换识别：在间接细节题中，题干中的定位词在原文中可能不会以完全相同的形式出现，而是会以同义或近义的词语、短语进行替换。例如，题干中的 “buy” 在原文中可能替换为 “purchase”；题干中的 “important” 在原文中可能替换为 “significant”；题干中的 “go to the zoo” 在原文中可能替换为 “visit the zoo”。因此，学生需要具备一定的词汇积累和同义替换识别能力，能够敏锐地发现题干定位词与原文信息之间的对应关系。 信息标记：当在原文中找到与定位词对应的信息时，应及时用铅笔在原文中进行标记（如圈画、下划线），并标注对应的题目序号。这样做不仅能够避免后续查找时重复劳动，还能在检查答案时快速核对原文依据，减少错误。 1.2.3步骤三：比对原文信息与选项，确定正确答案 找到原文中对应的信息后，学生需要将原文信息与题目选项进行仔细比对，判断哪个选项是对原文信息的准确反映。在比对过程中，应遵循 “原文为唯一标准” 的原则，注意排除以下几类错误选项： 无中生有：选项内容在原文中完全没有提及，属于命题人主观编造的信息。例如，原文中只提到 “Tom went to the zoo last Sunday”，而选项中却出现 “Tom went to the park with his friends last Sunday”，“park” 和 “friends” 在原文中均未提及，这类选项应直接排除。 偷换概念：选项内容看似与原文相关，但却改变了原文中的关键信息，如人物、时间、地点、数量、原因等。例如，原文中是 “Lucy bought 5 books”，选项中却改为 “Lucy bought 10 books”，将数量 “5” 偷换为 “10”；原文中是 “Mary went to Beijing in July”，选项中却改为 “Mary went to Shanghai in July”，将地点 “Beijing” 偷换为 “Shanghai”。这类选项需要学生仔细核对原文细节，避免被误导。 过度延伸：选项内容在原文信息的基础上进行了超出原文范围的主观推测或引申。例如，原文中只提到 “Tom likes playing basketball”，而选项中却出现 “Tom is the best basketball player in his class”，“best” 和 “in his class” 在原文中均未体现，属于过度延伸，应排除。 与原文矛盾：选项内容与原文信息直接相反。例如，原文中是 “The library is open on Sundays”，选项中却改为 “The library is closed on Sundays”，这类选项明显错误，可直接排除。 1.3 细节理解题实例分析与解题示范 为了让学生更直观地理解 “题干定位法” 的应用，下面结合具体的阅读材料和题目进行实例分析与解题示范。 【阅读材料（记叙文）】 Last weekend, Tom had a busy but happy time. On Saturday morning, he helped his mom clean the house. After lunch, he went to the bookstore with his best friend, Jack. They spent two hours there and Tom bought a storybook about space. In the evening, he watched a movie with his family at home. On Sunday morning, Tom visited his grandparents. They prepared a delicious lunch for him. In the afternoon, Tom went to the zoo with his family. He saw many animals, such as tigers, lions, and pandas. He took a lot of photos with the pandas because they were very cute. Tom felt tired but happy after the weekend. 题目 1（直接细节题）： What did Tom buy in the bookstore? A. A science book. B. A storybook about space. C. A history book. D. A picture book about animals. 【答题思路】 步骤一：分析题干，圈画定位词 题干中的核心信息是 “what did Tom buy” 和 “in the bookstore”，因此定位词确定为 “Tom”“buy”“bookstore”。其中 “Tom” 是专有名词，“bookstore” 是核心名词，“buy” 是核心动词，这三个定位词能够明确指向原文中关于 Tom 在书店购物的细节。 步骤二：回原文查找对应信息 根据阅读材料的顺序，题目 1 对应的信息应在原文前半部分。带着定位词 “Tom”“buy”“bookstore” 扫描原文，找到相关句子：“After lunch, he went to the bookstore with his best friend, Jack. They spent two hours there and Tom bought a storybook about space.” 这里 “he” 指代前文的 “Tom”，“bookstore” 与定位词一致，“bought” 是 “buy” 的过去式，与定位词对应，因此这句话就是解题的关键依据。 步骤三：比对原文信息与选项 原文中明确提到 “Tom bought a storybook about space”，对比选项： A 选项 “A science book”（科学书）：原文未提及，无中生有，排除； B 选项 “A storybook about space”（一本关于太空的故事书）：与原文信息完全一致，正确； C 选项 “A history book”（历史书）：原文未提及，无中生有，排除； D 选项 “A picture book about animals”（一本关于动物的图画书）：原文未提及，无中生有，排除。 因此，本题的正确答案是 B。 题目 2（间接细节题）： How long did Tom and Jack stay in the bookstore? A. One hour. B. Two hours. C. Three hours. D. Four hours. 【答题思路】 步骤一：分析题干，圈画定位词 题干中的核心信息是 “how long”“Tom and Jack”“stay in the bookstore”，定位词确定为 “Tom and Jack”“stay”“bookstore”“how long”（对应时间信息）。其中 “Tom and Jack” 是专有名词，“bookstore” 是核心名词，“stay” 是核心动词，“how long” 提示需要查找时间信息。 步骤二：回原文查找对应信息 带着定位词扫描原文，找到相关句子：“After lunch, he went to the bookstore with his best friend, Jack. They spent two hours there and Tom bought a storybook about space.” 这里 “he” 指 “Tom”，“his best friend, Jack” 与 “Tom and Jack” 对应，“bookstore” 与定位词一致，“spent two hours there” 中的 “there” 指代 “bookstore”，“spent two hours” 表示 “停留了两个小时”，与题干中的 “stay” 是同义表达（“spend time in a place” 等同于 “stay in a place for some time”），因此这句话是解题的关键依据。 步骤三：比对原文信息与选项 原文中 “spent two hours there” 明确表示 Tom 和 Jack 在书店停留了两个小时，对比选项： A 选项 “One hour”（一小时）：与原文信息矛盾，排除； B 选项 “Two hours”（两小时）：与原文信息一致，正确； C 选项 “Three hours”（三小时）：与原文信息矛盾，排除； D 选项 “Four hours”（四小时）：与原文信息矛盾，排除。 因此，本题的正确答案是 B。 题目 3（直接细节题）： Why did Tom take many photos with the pandas? A. Because the pandas were very cute. B. Because his mom asked him to do so. C. Because he wanted to give the photos to Jack. D. Because the pandas were rare. 【答题思路】 步骤一：分析题干，圈画定位词 题干中的核心信息是 “why”“Tom take many photos with the pandas”，定位词确定为 “Tom”“take many photos with the pandas”“why”（对应原因信息）。其中 “Tom” 是专有名词，“take many photos with the pandas” 是核心动作短语，“why” 提示需要查找原因。 步骤二：回原文查找对应信息 根据阅读材料顺序，题目 3 对应的信息应在原文后半部分（关于周日下午的活动）。带着定位词扫描原文，找到相关句子：“In the afternoon, Tom went to the zoo with his family. He saw many animals, such as tigers, lions, and pandas. He took a lot of photos with the pandas because they were very cute.” 这里 “took a lot of photos” 与 “take many photos” 是同义表达（“a lot of” 等同于 “many”），“because” 引导的从句明确说明了原因，因此这句话是解题的关键依据。 步骤三：比对原文信息与选项 原文中 “because they were very cute” 明确指出 Tom 与熊猫拍照的原因是 “熊猫很可爱”，对比选项： A 选项 “Because the pandas were very cute”（因为熊猫很可爱）：与原文信息一致，正确； B 选项 “Because his mom asked him to do so”（因为他妈妈让他这么做）：原文未提及，无中生有，排除； C 选项 “Because he wanted to give the photos to Jack”（因为他想把照片给 Jack）：原文未提及，无中生有，排除； D 选项 “Because the pandas were rare”（因为熊猫很稀有）：原文未提及，无中生有，排除。 因此，本题的正确答案是 A。 1.4 细节理解题常见易错点与应对策略 在解答细节题的过程中，学生常常会因为一些细节上的疏忽或方法上的不当导致答题错误。下面总结了细节题的常见易错点，并给出相应的【应对策略】 1.4.1易错点 1：忽视题干中的限定条件，导致定位偏差 部分学生在分析题干时，只关注核心名词或动词，而忽视了题干中的限定条件（如时间、地点、范围、程度等），从而导致定位到的原文信息与题干要求不匹配。例如，题干问的是 “Tom did what on Sunday morning”，而学生却定位到了 “Tom did what on Saturday morning” 的信息，最终选择了错误答案。 【应对策略】在圈画定位词时，务必将题干中的所有限定条件（如时间状语 “on Sunday morning”、地点状语 “in the park”、范围限定 “of the three books” 等）一并圈出，作为定位的重要依据。在回原文查找时，不仅要确认核心信息，还要确认限定条件是否与原文一致，确保定位到的信息完全符合题干要求。 1.4.2易错点 2：对同义替换识别能力不足，错过关键信息 在间接细节题中，题干定位词在原文中常以同义替换形式出现。部分学生因词汇积累不足或对同义表达不敏感，无法识别这种对应关系，导致找不到解题依据，进而随意选择答案。例如，题干中 “improve English”（提高英语）在原文中可能表述为 “make English better” 或 “develop English skills”，若学生未意识到这些是同义表达，就可能忽略关键信息。 【应对策略】一方面，学生需在日常学习中注重积累常见的同义词汇和短语，如 “good” 的同义表达有 “excellent”“great”“wonderful”；“get” 的同义表达有 “obtain”“receive”“acquire” 等，可通过制作单词卡片、背诵同义词汇表等方式加强记忆。另一方面，在做阅读练习时，遇到题干与原文的同义替换情况，要及时做好标记和总结，分析替换规律，逐步提高对同义替换的敏感度。例如，将题干中的 “buy” 和原文中的 “purchase”、题干中的 “go to school” 和原文中的 “attend school” 等对应关系整理下来，定期复习巩固。 1.4.3易错点 3：比对选项时粗心大意，忽略细节差异 部分学生在找到原文关键信息后，比对选项时不够细致，只看到选项与原文的大致相似之处，而忽略了细节上的差异，从而误选错误选项。例如，原文中是 “Tom went to the zoo with his family last Sunday”，选项中是 “Tom went to the zoo with his friends last Sunday”，学生若只注意到 “Tom went to the zoo last Sunday” 这一相同部分，而忽略了 “family” 和 “friends” 的差异，就会选错答案。 【应对策略】在比对选项与原文信息时，要逐字逐句进行细致分析，特别关注选项中与原文信息相关的名词、动词、形容词、副词等关键成分，以及表示时间、地点、数量、范围等的限定词。可以采用 “逐词比对法”，将选项中的每个关键信息与原文对应信息一一核对，确认是否完全一致。例如，对于选项中的时间状语、地点状语、人物关系等细节，要与原文进行精准匹配，一旦发现有任何不符之处，立即排除该选项。同时，在比对过程中，可将选项中的关键信息和原文中的对应信息用不同颜色的笔进行标记，以便更清晰地发现差异。 1.4.4易错点 4：遇到复杂句式时，无法准确提取关键信息 九年级英语阅读材料中偶尔会出现一些结构复杂的句式，如包含定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句的句子，部分学生因对复杂句式的分析能力不足，无法准确提取句子中的关键信息，导致定位失败或理解偏差。例如，原文句子 “The girl who is wearing a red dress and holding a book is Lucy, who went to the library yesterday.” 中包含两个定语从句，学生若无法理清句子结构，就难以确定 “Lucy went to the library yesterday” 这一关键信息。 【应对策略】学生需要掌握基本的句子结构分析方法，学会划分句子成分，如主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等。在遇到复杂句式时，可先找出句子的主干部分（主语 + 谓语 + 宾语），忽略修饰成分（如定语、状语），从而快速提取句子的核心信息。例如，对于上述包含定语从句的句子，先找出主干 “The girl is Lucy”，然后再分析两个定语从句分别修饰 “the girl” 和 “Lucy”，进而提取出 “Lucy is wearing a red dress, holding a book and went to the library yesterday” 这些关键信息。日常学习中，可通过专项练习分析复杂句式，如将阅读材料中的复杂句子摘抄下来，进行句子成分划分和结构分析，逐步提高对复杂句式的理解和信息提取能力。 2.推理判断题 ——“细节 + 常识” 合理推断 2.1 推理判断题的题型特点与考查方向 推理判断题是九年级英语阅读中仅次于细节题的常见题型，它要求学生在理解原文具体细节的基础上，结合日常生活常识，对文章中未直接表述的信息进行合理推断，得出正确结论。这类题型既考查学生对原文细节的把握能力，又考查学生的逻辑思维能力和常识应用能力，但推理难度较低，不需要进行深层次、复杂的逻辑推演，核心原则是 “基于原文细节，不做过度延伸”。 从题型特点来看，推理判断题的题干通常不会直接要求学生提取原文信息，而是会通过一些标志性词语引导学生进行推断，常见的提问方式包括： What can we infer from the passage?（从文章中我们可以推断出什么？） What does the writer probably mean by...?（作者说…… 可能是什么意思？） What can we know about... from the passage?（从文章中我们可以了解到关于…… 的什么信息？） Which of the following is probably true according to the passage?（根据文章，下列哪一项可能是正确的？） How might... feel after...?（在…… 之后，…… 可能会有怎样的感受？） 从考查方向来看，推理判断题主要分为以下几类： 态度情感推理：要求学生根据原文中人物的言行、表情、处境等细节，结合常识推断人物的态度或情感，如开心、难过、生气、惊讶、担心等。例如，原文中描述 “Mary looked at her test paper, tears in her eyes, and threw it on the desk.”，结合常识 “考试后流泪、扔试卷通常是因为成绩不好而难过生气”，可推断出 Mary 此时的情感是 “sad and angry”。 因果关系推理：要求学生根据原文中提到的某一事件或现象，结合常识推断其原因或结果。例如，原文中提到 “There was a heavy rain last night. This morning, the ground is all wet.”，结合常识 “大雨会导致地面潮湿”，可推断出 “the heavy rain caused the ground to be wet”；若原文中只提到 “the ground is all wet this morning”，结合常识 “导致地面潮湿的常见原因是下雨”，可推断出 “there might have been a rain last night”。 行为动作推理：要求学生根据原文中人物的处境、需求、目标等细节，结合常识推断人物可能会采取的行为动作。例如，原文中提到 “Tom is very hungry and there is a bakery next to his home.”，结合常识 “饥饿时会去面包店买食物”，可推断出 “Tom might go to the bakery to buy some bread”。 信息补充推理：要求学生根据原文中已有的信息，结合常识推断出文章中未直接提及但合理的补充信息。例如，原文中提到 “Lucy usually goes to school by bike. Today her bike is broken.”，结合常识 “自行车坏了会选择其他交通方式去学校”，可推断出 “Lucy might go to school by bus or on foot today”。 需要注意的是，推理判断题的推断结果必须以原文细节为基础，不能脱离原文进行主观臆断；同时，推断结果要符合日常生活常识，不能违背常理。例如，原文中提到 “Tom is in the classroom and the bell for class is ringing.”，结合常识 “上课铃响了学生应回到座位准备上课”，可推断出 “Tom might go back to his seat”，但不能推断出 “Tom might go to the playground to play”，因为这既不符合原文中 “在教室” 的细节，也不符合 “上课铃响后的常规行为” 这一常识。 2.2 “细节 + 常识” 的解题步骤与核心技巧 解答推理判断题的核心方法是 “细节 + 常识”，即先准确找到原文中的相关细节，作为推理的依据；再结合日常生活中公认的、普遍的常识，对细节进行合理分析和推断，得出正确答案。其具体解题步骤如下： 2.2.1步骤一：通读题干，明确推理方向 首先，仔细阅读题干，理解题干的提问意图，明确需要推断的内容是人物情感、因果关系、行为动作还是补充信息等，确定推理方向。例如，题干 “What can we infer about Tom's feeling from his action?” 明确指出推理方向是 “Tom 的情感”，且推理依据是 “his action”（他的行为）；题干 “Why might the park be crowded on Sunday?” 明确指出推理方向是 “公园周日拥挤的原因”。 在明确推理方向的过程中，要特别注意题干中的标志性词语，如 “infer”“probably”“might”“could” 等，这些词语表明题目需要进行推理，而不是直接提取原文信息。同时，要排除题干中的干扰信息，聚焦于与推理方向相关的关键内容。 2.2.2步骤二：定位原文细节，确定推理依据 根据题干中的关键信息（如人物、事件、时间、地点等），回到原文中定位与之相关的细节内容，这些细节是进行推理的唯一依据，必须准确、全面。例如，题干要求推断 “Mary 对考试结果的感受”，可通过题干中的 “Mary”“exam result” 等关键信息，在原文中找到描述 Mary 与考试相关的细节，如 “Mary opened her exam paper, saw the low score, and put her head down without saying a word.”。 在定位原文细节时，可借鉴细节题的 “题干定位法”，圈画题干中的定位词，如专有名词、核心动词、名词等，快速找到原文中的对应段落和句子。同时，要注意原文细节的完整性，不能只截取部分细节进行推理，否则可能导致推理结果偏差。例如，原文中提到 “Tom didn't go to school today. His mom said he was not feeling well.”，若只截取 “Tom didn't go to school today” 这一细节，可能会推断出 “Tom was lazy”，但结合 “his mom said he was not feeling well” 这一完整细节，正确的推断应是 “Tom might be ill”。 2.2.3步骤三：结合日常生活常识，进行合理推断 在找到原文相关细节后，结合日常生活中积累的常识（如社会规范、行为习惯、自然规律、情感逻辑等），对细节进行分析和推理，得出符合逻辑的结论。例如，原文细节 “The sky is dark, and the wind is blowing strongly. People are carrying umbrellas.”，结合常识 “天空黑暗、刮大风、人们带伞通常是下雨的前兆或正在下雨”，可推断出 “it might rain soon or it is raining now”。 在结合常识进行推断时，要注意以下几点： 常识的普遍性：所运用的常识必须是大多数人公认的、符合普遍规律的，不能是个人独特的、小众的观点或习惯。例如，不能根据自己 “喜欢在下雨天去公园” 的个人习惯，推断出 “所有人在下雨天都喜欢去公园”。 推理的适度性：推理要基于原文细节，在常识的范围内进行，不能超出原文信息和常识的界限进行过度推断。例如，原文中提到 “Lucy likes reading books.”，结合常识 “喜欢读书的人可能会去图书馆”，可推断出 “Lucy might go to the library sometimes”，但不能推断出 “Lucy is the most knowledgeable person in her class”，因为 “喜欢读书” 与 “最有知识” 之间没有必然的直接联系，属于过度推断。 逻辑的合理性：推理过程要符合逻辑，不能出现逻辑漏洞或矛盾。例如，原文中提到 “Tom is taller than Mike, and Mike is taller than John.”，结合常识 “身高比较的传递性”，可推断出 “Tom is taller than John”，这一推理符合逻辑；但不能推断出 “Tom is the tallest in the world”，因为原文只涉及 Tom、Mike、John 三人的身高比较，没有与世界上其他人的身高进行对比，逻辑上不成立。 2.2.4步骤四：分析选项，排除错误答案，确定正确选项 将推理得出的结论与题目选项进行对比，分析每个选项是否符合原文细节和常识推断的结果，排除错误选项，确定正确答案。推理判断题的错误选项通常具有以下特点： 与原文细节矛盾：选项内容与原文中找到的推理依据（细节）直接相反，不符合原文信息。例如，原文细节 “Mary passed the exam with a high score.”，选项 “Mary failed the exam” 与原文细节矛盾，应排除。 无原文细节支撑：选项内容在原文中没有任何相关细节作为推理依据，属于凭空捏造的信息。例如，原文中未提及任何关于 “Tom's favorite color” 的细节，选项 “Tom's favorite color is blue” 无原文支撑，应排除。 过度推断：选项内容超出了原文细节和常识的合理范围，进行了不必要的延伸。例如，原文细节 “Lucy planted a small tree in her garden.”，选项 “Lucy will become a famous gardener in the future” 属于过度推断，应排除。 违背常识：选项内容虽然可能与原文细节有一定关联，但不符合日常生活常识。例如，原文细节 “It is winter now, and the temperature is -10℃.”，选项 “Lucy is wearing a skirt and sandals outside” 违背 “冬天寒冷应穿保暖衣物” 的常识，应排除。 2.3 推理判断题实例分析与答题思路 为了让学生更清晰地掌握 “细节 + 常识” 的解题方法，下面结合具体的阅读材料和题目进行实例分析与解题示范。 【阅读材料 1（记叙文）】 Lisa is a 15-year-old student in Grade 9. Yesterday was her birthday. When she got home from school, she saw a big box on the table. Her parents were smiling at her. Lisa opened the box carefully. Inside, there was a new laptop. Lisa's eyes lit up, and she jumped up and down, hugging her parents tightly. She said, "Thank you so much! This is the best birthday gift I have ever received!" 题目 1（态度情感推理）： How did Lisa feel when she saw the new laptop in the box? A. Sad. B. Angry. C. Excited. D. Worried. 【答题思路】 步骤一：通读题干，明确推理方向 题干要求推断 “Lisa 看到盒子里的新笔记本电脑时的感受”，推理方向是 “Lisa 的情感”，且推理依据是 “she saw the new laptop in the box” 这一情境下的行为表现。 步骤二：定位原文细节，确定推理依据 根据题干中的关键信息 “Lisa”“new laptop in the box”，在原文中定位相关细节：“Lisa opened the box carefully. Inside, there was a new laptop. Lisa's eyes lit up, and she jumped up and down, hugging her parents tightly. She said, "Thank you so much! This is the best birthday gift I have ever received!"” 其中，“eyes lit up”（眼睛发亮）、“jumped up and down”（跳来跳去）、“hugging her parents tightly”（紧紧拥抱父母）、“Thank you so much”（非常感谢）、“the best birthday gift”（最好的生日礼物）这些细节，都是 Lisa 看到新笔记本电脑后的反应，是推断其情感的关键依据。 步骤三：结合日常生活常识，进行合理推断 结合常识可知：当人们收到自己喜欢的礼物时，通常会表现出积极的情绪，如眼睛发亮、兴奋地跳跃、拥抱他人并表达感谢等，这些行为对应的情感是 “兴奋、开心”（excited/happy）。原文中 Lisa 的一系列行为与 “收到喜爱礼物时的兴奋表现” 完全相符，因此可推断出 Lisa 此时的感受是 “excited”。 步骤四：分析选项，排除错误答案，确定正确选项 对比选项： A 选项 “Sad”（难过的）：与原文中 Lisa 积极的行为表现矛盾，排除； B 选项 “Angry”（生气的）：与原文细节和常识均不符，排除； C 选项 “Excited”（兴奋的）：符合原文细节和常识推断结果，正确； D 选项 “Worried”（担心的）：与原文细节和常识均不符，排除。 因此，本题的正确答案是 C。 【阅读材料 2（说明文）】 In many parts of the world, people celebrate Christmas on December 25th. Before Christmas, people usually decorate their houses with Christmas trees, lights, and colorful balls. They also buy gifts for their family and friends. On Christmas Eve, many families have a big dinner together. Children often put stockings by the fireplace, hoping that Santa Claus will put presents in them during the night. 题目 2（行为动作推理）： What might children do on Christmas Eve according to the passage? A. Go to school early. B. Put stockings by the fireplace. C. Decorate the Christmas tree alone. D. Cook dinner for their families. 【答题思路】 步骤一：通读题干，明确推理方向 题干要求推断 “根据文章，孩子们在平安夜可能会做什么”，推理方向是 “孩子们在平安夜的行为动作”，推理依据是原文中关于 “Christmas Eve” 和 “children” 的相关描述。 步骤二：定位原文细节，确定推理依据 根据题干中的关键信息 “children”“Christmas Eve”，在原文中定位相关细节：“On Christmas Eve, many families have a big dinner together. Children often put stockings by the fireplace, hoping that Santa Claus will put presents in them during the night.” 其中，“Children often put stockings by the fireplace” 明确描述了孩子们在平安夜的常见行为，是推理的核心依据。 步骤三：结合日常生活常识，进行合理推断 结合常识可知：“often”（经常）表示一种习惯性、普遍性的行为 ，在平安夜这个特定场景下，孩子们 “经常把长袜放在壁炉旁” 的行为是合理且符合节日习俗的，因此可以推断出 “孩子们在平安夜可能会把长袜放在壁炉旁”。 步骤四：分析选项，排除错误答案，确定正确选项 对比选项： A 选项 “Go to school early”（早早去上学）：平安夜通常是节日前夕，学校可能已放假或不会要求学生早早到校，且原文未提及任何与 “上学” 相关的信息，无原文支撑，排除； B 选项 “Put stockings by the fireplace”（把长袜放在壁炉旁）：与原文细节 “Children often put stockings by the fireplace” 一致，符合常识推断，正确； C 选项 “Decorate the Christmas tree alone”（独自装饰圣诞树）：原文中提到 “Before Christmas, people usually decorate their houses with Christmas trees...”，这里的 “people” 指家人共同行动，且 “alone”（独自）在原文中未提及，属于无中生有，排除； D 选项 “Cook dinner for their families”（为家人做晚餐）：原文中提到 “On Christmas Eve, many families have a big dinner together”，但未提及 “孩子们做饭”，且结合常识，通常是家人共同准备或长辈做饭，该选项无原文支撑且不符合常识，排除。 因此，本题的正确答案是 B。 【阅读材料 3（记叙文）】 It was a hot summer afternoon. Tom and his friends went to the park to play basketball. They played for about two hours. Tom felt very thirsty. He looked around and saw a small shop not far from the basketball court. He told his friends he would be back soon, then walked towards the shop. 题目 3（因果关系推理）： Why did Tom walk towards the shop? A. Because he wanted to buy a basketball. B. Because he felt thirsty and wanted to buy something to drink. C. Because his friends asked him to go there. D. Because he wanted to rest in the shop. 【答题思路】 步骤一：通读题干，明确推理方向 题干要求推断 “Tom 为什么走向商店”，推理方向是 “Tom 走向商店的原因”，推理依据是原文中关于 Tom 走向商店前的情境描述。 步骤二：定位原文细节，确定推理依据 根据题干中的关键信息 “Tom”“walk towards the shop”，在原文中定位相关细节：“It was a hot summer afternoon... They played for about two hours. Tom felt very thirsty. He looked around and saw a small shop not far from the basketball court. He told his friends he would be back soon, then walked towards the shop.” 其中，“hot summer afternoon”（炎热的夏日午后）、“played for about two hours”（打了大约两小时篮球）、“felt very thirsty”（感到非常口渴）是 Tom 走向商店前的关键情境细节，是推断原因的核心依据。 步骤三：结合日常生活常识，进行合理推断 结合常识可知：在炎热的天气下进行剧烈运动（如打篮球）后感到口渴，此时看到附近有商店，最合理的行为是去商店购买饮品解渴。原文中 Tom 的处境（炎热、运动后口渴）与 “去商店买水” 的行为存在直接的因果关系，因此可推断出 Tom 走向商店的原因是 “感到口渴，想购买饮品”。 步骤四：分析选项，排除错误答案，确定正确选项 对比选项： A 选项 “Because he wanted to buy a basketball”（因为他想买一个篮球）：原文中 Tom 和朋友已经在打篮球，且未提及 “篮球损坏需要购买”，无原文支撑，排除； B 选项 “Because he felt thirsty and wanted to buy something to drink”（因为他感到口渴，想买点喝的）：与原文细节 “Tom felt very thirsty” 和 “saw a small shop” 一致，符合 “口渴去商店买饮品” 的常识，正确； C 选项 “Because his friends asked him to go there”（因为他的朋友让他去那里）：原文中提到 “He told his friends he would be back soon”，说明是 Tom 主动告知朋友要离开，并非朋友要求，与原文细节矛盾，排除； D 选项 “Because he wanted to rest in the shop”（因为他想在商店里休息）：原文中未提及 “Tom 感到疲惫需要休息”，且 “口渴” 是更直接的情境细节，该选项无原文支撑，排除。 因此，本题的正确答案是 B。 2.4 推理判断题常见易错点与应对策略 在解答推理判断题时，学生常因对 “推理边界” 把握不当、常识应用错误或忽略原文细节等问题导致答题失误。以下总结常见易错点及针对性策略： 2.4.1易错点 1：脱离原文细节，仅凭主观臆断推理 部分学生在解题时，未充分定位原文细节，而是仅凭自己的生活经验或主观想法进行推理，导致结论与原文意图不符。例如，原文中仅提到 “Lucy has a dog”，学生就主观推断 “Lucy's dog is white”，但 “狗的颜色” 在原文中无任何细节支撑，属于凭空臆断。 【应对策略】始终牢记 “原文细节是推理的唯一依据”，解题时必须先在原文中找到与题干相关的具体细节，并用笔画出作为标记。推理前反复确认：“我的推断是否有原文细节支撑？” 若找不到对应细节，即使选项内容符合常识，也不能选择。例如，若选项中出现 “Lucy's dog is white”，但原文未提及狗的颜色，无论 “白色狗是否常见”，都应排除该选项。 2.4.2易错点 2：过度延伸推理范围，超出合理界限 学生容易在原文细节的基础上，进行不必要的延伸推理，将 “可能发生” 的情况绝对化为 “必然发生”，或添加原文未提及的额外信息。例如，原文中提到 “Tom plans to learn English next term”，学生却推断 “Tom will become an English teacher in the future”，从 “计划学英语” 到 “成为英语老师” 之间存在多个未证实的环节（如是否坚持学习、是否选择相关专业等），属于过度延伸。 【应对策略】明确推理的 “适度原则”，只推导 “原文细节可直接支撑的结论”，不添加额外假设。判断是否过度延伸的方法是：思考 “若原文细节为 A，选项结论为 B，A 是否能直接推出 B，无需其他条件？” 若需要额外条件（如 “Tom 坚持学英语”“Tom 选择英语专业”）才能从 A 推出 B，则属于过度延伸。例如，从 “Tom plans to learn English next term” 只能推出 “Tom has an intention to learn English”，而不能推出 “Tom will become an English teacher”。 2.4.3易错点 3：误用常识，忽略常识的普遍性与情境性 部分学生在应用常识时，要么使用 “小众化” 的个人经验（而非普遍常识），要么忽略常识的情境适应性，导致推理错误。例如，原文中提到 “People in some cold regions like to eat hot food”，学生却根据自己 “夏天不爱吃热食” 的个人习惯，推断 “People in cold regions don't eat hot food in summer”，这一推理既违背 “寒冷地区人群偏好热食” 的普遍常识，也忽略了原文中 “cold regions” 的特定情境。 【应对策略】首先，明确 “常识” 需符合大多数人的普遍认知，如 “冬天寒冷需穿厚衣”“口渴需喝水” 等，避免使用个人独特习惯作为推理依据。其次，结合原文情境选择合适的常识，例如在 “寒冷地区” 情境下，“偏好热食” 是普遍常识，即使在夏天，该地区人群也可能因气候特点继续选择热食，不能用 “夏天普遍爱吃冷食” 的常识套用。解题时可问自己：“这个常识是否适用于原文描述的情境？” 2.4.4易错点 4：混淆 “直接信息” 与 “推理信息” 推理判断题要求学生推导 “原文未直接表述” 的信息，但部分学生将原文中已明确给出的直接信息当作 “推理结果”，或误将需要推理的信息当作 “直接信息” 忽略。例如，原文中直接提到 “Mary is happy because she passed the exam”，若题干问 “What can we infer about Mary?”，学生却选择 “Mary passed the exam”（直接信息），而非 “Mary feels satisfied with her exam result”（推理信息），导致答题偏差。 【应对策略】先区分 “直接信息” 与 “推理信息”—— 直接信息是原文中明确表述的句子（如 “Mary passed the exam”），推理信息是原文未明说，但可通过细节推导的结论（如 “Mary feels satisfied”）。解题时，若选项内容与原文某句话完全一致，且题干要求 “infer”（推断），则该选项大概率是错误的（属于直接信息，无需推理）；若选项内容需结合原文细节和常识才能得出，则为正确的推理信息。 3.观点态度题 ——“情感词判断” 快速突破 3.1 观点态度题的题型特点与考查方向 观点态度题是九年级英语阅读中考查 “作者或文中人物对某事物的看法、情感倾向” 的题型，其核心是通过识别原文中的 “情感词” 或 “态度词”，判断作者或人物的立场（支持、反对、中立）或情感（积极、消极、客观）。这类题型的难度较低，因为九年级阅读材料中的情感表达通常较为直白，很少出现隐晦的态度暗示，核心原则是 “情感词定方向，原文细节定程度”。 从题型特点来看，观点态度题的题干通常明确指向 “某人对某事物的态度 / 看法”，常见提问方式包括： What is the writer's attitude towards...?（作者对…… 的态度是什么？） How does the author feel about...?（作者对…… 的感受如何？） What does the passage tell us about the writer's opinion on...?（文章表明作者对…… 的观点是什么？） Which word can best describe the author's feeling towards...?（哪个词最能描述作者对…… 的感受？） 从考查方向来看，观点态度题主要分为两类： 作者态度题：考查对全文作者整体观点或对文中某一特定事物（如现象、措施、观点）的态度，这是观点态度题的主流类型。例如，作者对 “线上学习”“环境保护”“垃圾分类” 等事物的态度。 人物态度题：考查文中某一特定人物对另一事物（如他人行为、某件事、某个物品）的态度，通常需要结合人物的言行、情感词判断。例如，文中 Tom 对 “新学校” 的态度，Mary 对 “朋友帮助” 的态度。 从态度倾向来看，九年级英语阅读中的观点态度主要分为三类： 积极态度：支持、赞同、喜爱、满意、赞赏等，对应的情感词如 “happy, helpful, important, wonderful, excellent, necessary, useful” 等。 消极态度：反对、批评、厌恶、不满、担忧等，对应的情感词如 “bad, harmful, dangerous, terrible, boring, useless, worrying” 等。 中立态度：客观描述、不偏不倚，无明显积极或消极倾向，文中通常不出现强烈情感词，而是以 “introduce, explain, describe, present” 等中性词为主，常见于说明文（如介绍某动物习性、某发明原理）。 需要注意的是，九年级阅读中的观点态度题很少考查 “复杂态度”（如 “既支持又反对”），多为 “单一明确态度”，因此通过情感词即可快速判断。 3.2 “情感词判断法” 的解题步骤与核心技巧 解答观点态度题的核心方法是 “情感词判断法”，即通过定位原文中描述 “某事物” 的情感词（形容词、副词、动词等），判断作者或人物的态度倾向。其具体解题步骤如下： 3.2.1步骤一：明确题干核心 ——“谁对什么的态度” 首先，仔细阅读题干，确定两个关键要素：态度主体（谁的态度，如 the writer, Tom, Mary）和态度对象（对什么的态度，如 online courses, smoking, the new park）。例如，题干 “What is the writer's attitude towards online courses?” 中，态度主体是 “the writer”（作者），态度对象是 “online courses”（线上课程）。 明确这两个要素的目的是：在原文中精准定位 “态度主体评价态度对象” 的段落或句子，避免因混淆 “主体” 或 “对象” 导致定位偏差。例如，若题干问 “作者对线上课程的态度”，就无需关注 “学生对线上课程的态度”，即使原文提及，也不是解题关键。 3.2.2步骤二：定位原文 —— 寻找 “态度主体评价态度对象” 的情感词 根据 “态度主体” 和 “态度对象”，回到原文中查找相关段落，重点关注描述 “态度对象” 的形容词、副词、动词或名词，这些词语往往直接体现态度倾向。例如，若态度对象是 “online courses”，则重点寻找如 “helpful”“useful”“convenient”（积极情感词）或 “boring”“ineffective”“troublesome”（消极情感词）等词汇。 常见的情感词分类如下： 积极态度： helpful, useful, convenient, wonderful, excellent, happy, satisfied, important, necessary support, praise, like, enjoy, recommend, encourage benefit, advantage, progress, success 消极态度： bad, harmful, dangerous, boring, useless, difficult, terrible, worrying, sad, angry oppose, criticize, dislike, hate, complain, warn problem, disadvantage, danger, failure 中立态度： objective, neutral, factual, descriptive, informative introduce, explain, describe, present, state fact, information, introduction, explanation 在定位情感词时，需注意 “情感词与态度对象的直接关联”。例如，原文中提到 “Online courses are helpful because they allow students to study at any time”，“helpful” 直接修饰 “online courses”，是判断作者对 “线上课程” 态度的关键词；若原文中提到 “Some students find online courses helpful”，则 “helpful” 是 “学生” 的态度，而非 “作者” 的态度，需结合上下文判断作者是否认同学生的观点（如作者后续是否补充 “Indeed, online courses bring many benefits”，则表明作者也持积极态度）。 3.2.3步骤三：根据情感词判断态度倾向，排除矛盾选项 找到关键情感词后，根据其倾向（积极、消极、中立），对选项进行分类： 若情感词为积极类（如 helpful, useful），则排除消极和中立倾向的选项； 若情感词为消极类（如 bad, harmful），则排除积极和中立倾向的选项； 若情感词为中立类（如 describe, explain），则排除积极和消极倾向的选项。 例如，原文中提到 “Smoking is bad for health and can cause lung cancer”，“bad” 和 “cause lung cancer” 是消极情感词，因此作者对 “吸烟” 的态度是 “反对”，选项中若出现 “support”（支持）或 “neutral”（中立），则直接排除。 步骤四：结合上下文验证，确认态度一致性 若原文中对同一态度对象出现多个情感词，需确认这些情感词的倾向是否一致，避免因片面截取信息导致判断错误。例如，原文中提到 “Online courses are convenient, but they require students to have self-discipline. However, overall, they are helpful for most students”，其中 “convenient”“helpful” 是积极情感词，“require self-discipline” 是客观描述（非消极），整体倾向仍为积极，因此作者对线上课程持支持态度。 若原文中未出现直接情感词，而是通过 “事实描述” 间接表达态度（如 “Many people in the city have stopped driving cars because of the high fuel cost”，通过 “人们停止开车” 的事实，间接说明 “高油价对人们出行的影响”，但作者未表达 “支持或反对高油价” 的态度，此时态度为中立），需结合 “是否有隐含评价” 判断：若事实描述中无褒贬色彩，则为中立态度；若事实描述带有倾向性（如 “Thanks to the high fuel cost, the air quality in the city has improved”，“thanks to” 隐含积极评价），则根据隐含倾向判断。 3.3 观点态度题实例分析与答题思路 下面结合不同体裁的阅读材料，通过实例展示 “情感词判断法” 的应用： 【阅读材料 1（议论文）】 Nowadays, more and more students use e-books for studying. E-books have many advantages. First, they are light and easy to carry. Students don't need to carry heavy paper books in their schoolbags. Second, e-books are cheaper than paper books. Many e-books are even free online. Third, e-books allow students to search for key words quickly, which helps them save time when doing homework. However, some students say e-books may hurt their eyes if they read for a long time. But overall, e-books are a useful tool for students' study. 题目 1（作者态度题）： What is the writer's attitude towards e-books? A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Neutral. D. Doubtful. 【答题思路】 步骤一：明确题干核心 态度主体：the writer（作者）；态度对象：e-books（电子书）。需寻找作者对 “电子书” 的评价，而非文中 “学生” 对电子书的态度。 步骤二：定位原文情感词 阅读原文，寻找作者描述 “e-books” 的情感词： 明确提到 “E-books have many advantages”（电子书有很多优点），“advantages”（优点）是积极类名词； 具体描述优点时，用 “light and easy to carry”（轻便易携带）、“cheaper”（更便宜）、“free online”（在线免费）、“save time”（节省时间）等积极属性词； 结尾处明确总结 “overall, e-books are a useful tool”（总体而言，电子书是有用的工具），“useful”（有用的）是核心积极情感词。 虽然原文提到 “e-books may hurt their eyes”（电子书可能伤眼），但这是 “some students” 的观点，且作者用 “however”“but overall” 转折，强调 “总体有用”，因此作者的情感倾向以积极为主。 步骤三：根据情感词判断选项 积极情感词（advantages, useful）表明作者态度为 “积极支持”，对比选项： A 选项 “Positive”（积极的）：符合情感词倾向，正确； B 选项 “Negative”（消极的）：与 “advantages, useful” 矛盾，排除； C 选项 “Neutral”（中立的）：作者明确表达 “有用” 的评价，非中立，排除； D 选项 “Doubtful”（怀疑的）：原文无 “怀疑” 相关情感词（如 doubtful, uncertain），排除。 因此，本题的正确答案是 A。 【阅读材料 2（记叙文）】 When Amy moved to a new neighborhood, she was worried she wouldn't make friends. One day, she saw a girl planting flowers in the garden next door. The girl smiled and said, "Hi! I'm Lily. Do you want to help me?" Amy was happy and joined her. They talked while planting. Later, Lily invited Amy to her home for cookies. Amy found Lily was very kind and friendly. Now, they play together every weekend. Amy is glad she moved to this neighborhood. 题目 2（人物态度题）： How does Amy feel about moving to the new neighborhood now? A. Worried. B. Glad. C. Angry. D. Bored. 【答题思路】 步骤一：明确题干核心 态度主体：Amy；态度对象：moving to the new neighborhood now（现在搬到新社区这件事）。注意题干中的 “now”（现在），需区分 Amy “最初” 和 “现在” 的态度差异。 步骤二：定位原文情感词 寻找 Amy 对 “搬到新社区” 的态度描述，重点关注 “now” 对应的细节： 最初态度：“Amy was worried she wouldn't make friends”（担心交不到朋友），“worried” 是消极情感词，但对应 “最初”，非 “现在”； 现在态度：结尾处明确提到 “Amy is glad she moved to this neighborhood”（Amy 很高兴搬到这个社区），“glad”（高兴的）是核心积极情感词，且直接对应 “now” 的时间限定。 步骤三：根据情感词判断选项 “glad” 表明 Amy 现在的态度是 “高兴的”，对比选项： A 选项 “Worried”（担心的）：是 Amy 最初的态度，非现在，排除； B 选项 “Glad”（高兴的）：与原文 “glad” 完全一致，正确； C 选项 “Angry”（生气的）：原文无 “生气” 相关描述（如 angry, upset），排除； D 选项 “Bored”（无聊的）：原文提到 “Amy 和 Lily 每周一起玩”，与 “无聊” 矛盾，排除。 因此，本题的正确答案是 B。 【阅读材料 3（说明文）】 The polar bear lives in the Arctic region. It has thick white fur that helps it keep warm in cold weather. Polar bears mainly eat seals. They can swim for a long time in the cold sea to find food. However, due to global warming, the ice in the Arctic is melting. This makes it harder for polar bears to find food and live. Scientists say we need to take action to protect polar bears. 题目 3（作者态度题）： What is the writer's attitude towards polar bears' situation? A. Unconcerned. B. Worried. C. Excited. D. Satisfied. 【答题思路】 步骤一：明确题干核心 态度主体：the writer；态度对象：polar bears' situation（北极熊的处境）。 步骤二：定位原文情感词 寻找作者描述 “北极熊处境” 的情感词： 描述处境：“due to global warming, the ice is melting”（因全球变暖，冰正在融化），“makes it harder for polar bears to find food and live”（使北极熊更难觅食和生存），“harder”（更困难的）是消极属性词，暗示处境危险； 作者观点：“Scientists say we need to take action to protect polar bears”（科学家称我们需要采取行动保护北极熊），“need to protect”（需要保护）隐含对北极熊处境的担忧 —— 只有当处境危险时，才需要 “保护”。 步骤三：根据情感词判断选项 消极属性词（harder）和隐含态度（need to protect）表明作者态度为 “担忧”，对比选项： A 选项 “Unconcerned”（不关心的）：与 “need to protect” 矛盾，排除； B 选项 “Worried”（担忧的）：符合 “处境困难、需要保护” 的隐含态度，正确； C 选项 “Excited”（兴奋的）：与 “harder to live” 矛盾，排除； D 选项 “Satisfied”（满意的）：与北极熊艰难处境完全不符，排除。 因此，本题的正确答案是 B。 3.4 观点态度题常见易错点与应对策略 观点态度题虽难度较低，但学生易因 “混淆态度主体 / 对象”“忽略情感词转折” 等问题出错，以下总结易错点及应对策略： 3.4.1易错点 1：混淆 “态度主体”，误将 “他人态度” 当作 “作者态度” 学生常未明确态度主体，将文中其他人物的态度（如 “some students”“experts”“Amy's friend”）当作作者态度。例如，原文中 “Some people think online shopping is unsafe”，学生却推断 “作者认为网购不安全”，但作者可能未表达自身观点，或后续反驳了该观点。 【应对策略】解题时用 “圈画法” 标注题干中的 “态度主体”（如 the writer, Amy），并在原文中寻找该主体的直接表述（如作者常用 “we”“I think”“overall”，人物常用 “he said”“she felt”）。若原文出现 “他人观点”（如 some people say, experts believe），需确认作者是否有 “赞同 / 反对” 的明确表态（如用 “however”“in fact” 转折，或用 “as we all know”“it is true that” 赞同），无表态则作者态度为中立。 3.4.2易错点 2：忽略 “情感词的转折关系”，片面截取信息 原文中常出现 “先提缺点，再强调优点” 或 “先描述问题，再表达担忧” 的转折结构，学生若只截取前半部分的情感词，会误判态度。例如，原文中 “Online games can be fun, but they are harmful if played too much”，学生只看到 “fun”（积极），就推断作者支持网游，忽略 “but harmful”（消极）的核心态度。 【应对策略】关注原文中的转折词（but, however, yet, while, on the other hand）和总结词（overall, in conclusion, generally），这些词后的内容往往是作者的核心态度。解题时先找到转折 / 总结词，重点分析其后的情感词，再结合前文内容综合判断。例如，上述例子中 “but” 后的 “harmful” 是核心，作者对 “过度玩网游” 持消极态度。 3.4.3易错点 3：误将 “客观描述” 当作 “情感态度” 部分说明文会客观描述事物的属性（如 “the desert is dry”“the computer is fast”），这些描述无褒贬色彩，属于 “客观事实”，但学生易将其当作 “积极 / 消极态度”。例如，原文中 “the mobile phone is small and easy to carry”，学生推断 “作者支持使用手机”，但 “小、易携带” 只是客观属性，作者未表达 “支持 / 反对” 的态度。 【应对策略】区分 “客观属性词” 与 “情感态度词”—— 客观属性词（如 small, dry, fast, long）仅描述事物特征，无褒贬；情感态度词（如 useful, harmful, wonderful, terrible）带有主观评价。若原文只有客观描述，无情感态度词，且无 “need to”“should” 等隐含态度的表述，则作者态度为中立。 3.4.4易错点 4：对 “隐含态度词” 敏感度不足 部分原文不直接使用 “happy”“worried” 等明显情感词，而是通过 “建议类词汇”（如 should, need to, must）或 “结果类词汇”（如 helpful, harmful, dangerous）隐含态度，学生易忽略这些隐含信息。例如，原文中 “Scientists suggest we plant more trees to reduce air pollution”，“suggest”（建议）隐含 “空气污染问题需要解决” 的担忧态度，但学生可能误判为中立。 【应对策略】积累 “隐含态度词”，如： 积极隐含词：help, improve, benefit, suggest (good action), recommend（建议、推荐）； 消极隐含词：harm, damage, danger, need to protect, warn（危害、警告、需要保护）。 解题时若发现这些词汇，结合上下文判断其指向的态度对象，进而确定态度倾向。 4.核心解题方法总结与实战训练 4.1 方法总结：三类题型核心解题方法 为帮助学生快速梳理本专题重点，现将细节题、推理判断题、观点态度题的核心解题方法整理如下： 题型 核心原则 关键步骤 易错点 细节理解题 原文找依据，不凭空想 1. 圈画题干定位词（人名、时间、数字、核心名词 / 动词）；2. 回原文找对应句子；3. 比对选项与原文，排除无中生有、偷换概念项。 1. 忽视题干限定条件（如时间、地点）；2. 对同义替换不敏感；3. 比对时粗心忽略细节差异。 推理判断题 细节为基础，常识做辅助 1. 明确推理方向（情感、因果、行为）；2. 定位原文细节；3. 结合普遍常识推断；4. 排除过度延伸、违背常识项。 1. 脱离原文细节，主观臆断；2. 过度延伸推理范围；3. 误用个人经验代替普遍常识。 观点态度题 情感词定方向，上下文验证 1. 明确态度主体与对象；2. 定位情感词（显性 / 隐含）；3. 结合转折 / 总结词判断核心态度；4. 排除矛盾、中立项。 1. 混淆态度主体（他人 vs 作者）；2. 忽略情感词转折；3. 对隐含态度词不敏感。 4.2 技巧运用：综合阅读与解析展示 以下提供一篇完整的九年级英语阅读材料及题目，涵盖三类题型，帮助学生应用所学方法解题： 【阅读材料（说明文）】 Volunteering is a great way to help others and make the world a better place. Every year, millions of people around the world take part in volunteering activities. Some volunteers work in hospitals, helping doctors take care of patients. Others help clean parks or streets to keep the environment tidy. There are also volunteers who teach children in poor areas, giving them knowledge and hope. Volunteering not only helps others but also benefits volunteers themselves. When you volunteer, you can meet new people and make friends. You can also learn new skills, such as communication and teamwork. These skills are useful for your future study and work. Additionally, volunteering makes you feel happy and proud, because you know you are doing something meaningful. However, some people think volunteering takes too much time and they are too busy with work or study. But if you plan your time well, you can still find time to volunteer. Even a few hours a month can make a difference. 1.Where do some volunteers work to help take care of patients? A. In parks. B. In hospitals. C. In schools. D. In streets. 2.What can we infer about volunteering from the passage? A. It is only for adults. B. It helps volunteers gain useful skills. C. It takes a lot of time every week. D. It can make volunteers rich. 3.What is the writer's attitude towards volunteering? A. Supportive. B. Negative. C. Neutral. D. Doubtful. 【答题思路】 题目 1（细节题）： 步骤一：圈画定位词 题干定位词：“volunteers work”“help take care of patients”（核心动作）。 步骤二：回原文找对应句子 原文第一段：“Some volunteers work in hospitals, helping doctors take care of patients.” 其中 “helping doctors take care of patients” 与题干完全对应，“hospitals” 是地点。 步骤三：比对选项 B 选项 “In hospitals” 与原文一致，正确；A（parks）、D（streets）是 “清洁环境” 的地点，C（schools）是 “教孩子” 的地点，均与 “照顾病人” 无关，排除。 答案：B 题目 2（推理判断题）： 步骤一：明确推理方向 推断 “关于志愿服务可得出的结论”，需基于原文细节 + 常识。 步骤二：定位原文细节 原文第二段：“You can also learn new skills, such as communication and teamwork. These skills are useful for your future study and work.” 步骤三：结合常识推断 “学到的沟通、团队合作技能对未来有用”，可推断 “志愿服务帮助志愿者获得有用技能”，符合常识（技能对学习工作有益）。 步骤四：排除错误选项 A（only for adults）：原文未提 “仅成年人可参与”，无支撑；C（a lot of time every week）：原文说 “每月几小时即可”，与 “每周大量时间” 矛盾；D（make rich）：原文未提 “赚钱”，无支撑。 答案：B 题目 3（观点态度题）： 步骤一：明确态度主体与对象 主体：the writer；对象：volunteering（志愿服务）。 步骤二：定位情感词 第一段：“great way to help others”（好方式）、“make the world better”（让世界更好）（积极）； 第二段：“benefits volunteers themselves”（有益志愿者）、“useful skills”（有用技能）、“feel happy and proud”（开心自豪）、“meaningful”（有意义）（积极）； 第三段：“but if you plan well, you can still volunteer”“a few hours a month can make a difference”（反驳 “没时间”，鼓励参与）。 步骤三：判断态度 大量积极情感词 + 鼓励参与，表明作者态度为 “支持”。 答案：A 4.3 实践拓展：日常学习中的备考建议与答题技巧 为帮助学生在考试中更高效地应对 “细节查找 + 深度推理” 类题型，提供以下备考建议： 4.3.1技巧1. 日常练习：培养 “定位 + 标记” 习惯 做阅读题时，用不同颜色的笔圈画题干定位词和原文对应句，避免 “反复读原文” 浪费时间； 对推理判断题，在原文细节旁标注 “推理依据”（如 “eyes red → sad”），观点态度题标注 “情感词”（如 “useful → 积极”），便于检查。 4.3.2技巧2. 词汇积累：聚焦 “同义替换” 与 “情感词” 整理常见同义替换（如 “buy-purchase”“help-benefit”“important-necessary”），提高细节题定位效率； 分类记忆情感词（积极 / 消极 / 中立），如将 “helpful, wonderful, support” 归为积极类，“harmful, terrible, oppose” 归为消极类，便于快速判断态度。 4.3.3技巧3. 考试技巧：“先题后文” 与 “排除法” 结合 对于细节题，可采用 “先题后文” 策略：先读题干，圈画定位词后，带着问题回原文查找对应信息，避免通读全文后遗忘关键细节，节省时间。 对于所有题型，优先使用 “排除法”：先排除明显错误的选项（如与原文矛盾、无中生有、违背常识的选项），缩小选择范围，再对剩余选项进行细致比对，提高正确率。例如，在推理判断题中，若选项出现 “only”“never”“must” 等绝对化词语，且原文无对应绝对化表述，通常可直接排除。 4.3.4技巧4. 心态调整：避免 “纠结” 与 “过度思考” 遇到不确定的题目时，不要过度纠结，可先标记跳过，完成其他题目后再回头分析。避免因一道题浪费过多时间，影响整体答题节奏。 牢记九年级阅读题 “思维要求不高” 的特点，推理判断题只需 “一步推理”，无需进行复杂的多层逻辑推导；观点态度题以 “情感词” 为核心，不凭空猜测作者未表达的态度。 4.4 反思总结：阅读理解过程中的常见问题答疑（FAQ） 为解决学生在学习过程中可能遇到的高频疑问，以下整理常见问题及解答： 4.4.1问题 1：做细节题时，找不到与题干完全一致的原文句子，怎么办？ 【改进建议】若找不到完全一致的句子，大概率是遇到了 “同义替换”，需扩大定位范围，寻找与题干定位词同义的表达。例如，题干中 “find out” 可能对应原文 “discover”“learn”；题干中 “take care of” 可能对应原文 “look after”“care for”。此时需结合题干核心含义（如 “谁在什么时间做了什么事”），而非逐词匹配，同时注意原文中与题干相关的上下文语境，避免遗漏同义替换信息。 4.4.2问题 2：推理判断题中，如何判断 “推理是否过度”？ 【改进建议】判断标准是 “推理是否需要额外假设”。若从原文细节 A 可直接推出结论 B，无需添加其他未提及的条件，则为 “合理推理”；若需要添加 “假设 C” 才能从 A 推出 B，则为 “过度推理”。例如，原文细节 “Amy likes reading”（A），推出 “Amy may go to the library”（B），无需额外假设，属于合理推理；若推出 “Amy will be a writer”（B），则需要添加 “ Amy will keep reading and choose writing as a career”（C）这一未提及的假设，属于过度推理。 4.4.3问题 3：原文中同时出现积极和消极情感词，如何判断作者的核心态度？ 【改进建议】优先关注 “转折词” 和 “总结词” 后的情感词，这些词汇通常代表作者的核心观点。例如，原文中 “Online courses are convenient, but they lack face-to-face interaction. However, overall, they are helpful for students who can't go to school.” 其中 “but” 后提到 “缺乏面对面互动”（消极），但 “however, overall” 后强调 “对无法上学的学生有帮助”（积极），因此作者的核心态度为积极。若原文无转折或总结词，则需结合 “情感词数量” 和 “描述重点” 判断：若积极情感词数量更多，且对事物的描述以积极方面为主，则态度为积极；反之则为消极。 4.4.4问题 4：做观点态度题时，原文无明显情感词，如何判断态度？ 【改进建议】若原文无明显情感词，需判断文章体裁和写作目的： 若为说明文（如介绍动物习性、科技发明、历史事件），且仅客观描述事实，无主观评价，则作者态度为 “中立”； 若为记叙文，且通过人物行为、事件结果隐含态度（如 “Tom helped the old man cross the road, and the old man thanked him warmly”），则结合常识判断情感倾向（如 “帮助他人获得感谢，隐含积极态度”）； 若为议论文，且通过 “建议”“呼吁” 等表述隐含态度（如 “We should protect the environment”），则根据建议的内容判断（如 “保护环境” 隐含积极支持态度）。 4.5 能力提升：从 “会做题” 到 “会阅读” 本专题的核心目标不仅是帮助学生掌握解题技巧，更要培养学生的阅读能力，实现从 “为做题而阅读” 到 “为理解而阅读” 的转变。以下提供具体提升方法： 4.5.1策略1. 培养 “段落结构分析” 能力 阅读时，尝试分析每个段落的核心内容：段落开头是否为主题句（概括段落大意），段落中的细节是否围绕主题句展开。例如，说明文段落通常遵循 “总 - 分” 结构，开头提出观点，后续用具体例子或数据支撑；记叙文段落通常按 “时间顺序” 或 “事件发展顺序” 展开，包含 “时间、地点、人物、事件” 等关键细节。通过分析段落结构，可快速定位细节信息，理解文章逻辑，对解答主旨题和细节题均有帮助。 4.5.2策略2. 积累 “话题词汇”，提升阅读流畅度 九年级阅读材料常围绕固定话题展开（如校园生活、环境保护、科技发明、人物故事、节日文化），积累各话题的核心词汇，可减少阅读时的词汇障碍，提高定位效率。例如，“环境保护” 话题的核心词汇包括 “pollution（污染）、protect（保护）、recycle（回收）、endangered（濒危的）、global warming（全球变暖）”；“科技发明” 话题的核心词汇包括 “invent（发明）、technology（科技）、convenient（方便的）、improve（改善）、digital（数字的）”。可通过制作 “话题词汇表”，结合阅读材料积累词汇，同时记忆词汇的同义表达。 4.5.3策略3. 养成 “读完总结” 的习惯 每读完一篇文章，用 3-5 句话总结文章的核心内容，包括 “文章主要讲了什么”“作者的观点是什么”“关键细节有哪些”。例如，读完关于 “志愿服务” 的文章后，总结：“文章介绍了志愿服务的多种形式（如医院帮助病人、清洁环境、教贫困儿童），指出志愿服务不仅帮助他人，还能让志愿者获得朋友、技能和快乐，作者支持人们合理安排时间参与志愿服务。” 通过总结，可强化对文章整体的理解，避免 “只关注细节，忽略主旨” 的问题，同时提升概括能力，对解答主旨题和观点态度题有直接帮助。 4.6 总结提升：掌握“细节查找 + 深度推理”的 核心思维 本专题围绕九年级英语阅读中 “细节查找 + 深度推理” 这一核心思维层面，针对细节题、推理判断题、观点态度题三类主要题型，从 “题型特点、解题方法、实例分析、易错点应对、实战训练” 五个维度进行了全面解析，核心内容可概括为以下三点： 4.6.1核心1. 核心原则一致：“原文为纲，不凭空想” 无论是细节题、推理判断题还是观点态度题，均以 “原文信息” 为唯一依据。细节题需 “精准定位原文细节”，推理判断题需 “基于原文细节 + 普遍常识”，观点态度题需 “通过原文情感词判断”，三者均需避免 “主观臆断、过度延伸、无中生有” 的错误，这是解答九年级英语阅读题的根本原则。 4.6.2核心2. 解题方法分层：“题型不同，方法不同” 细节理解题：以 “题干定位法” 为核心，通过圈画定位词（人名、时间、数字、核心名词 / 动词），快速找到原文对应信息，比对选项排除错误答案； 推理判断题：以 “细节 + 常识” 为核心，明确推理方向，结合原文细节和普遍常识，进行一步推理，排除过度延伸和违背常识的选项； 观点态度题：以 “情感词判断法” 为核心，明确态度主体与对象，定位显性或隐含情感词，结合转折 / 总结词判断核心态度，排除矛盾选项。 4.6.3核心3. 能力提升关键：“日常积累 + 刻意练习” 词汇积累：重点积累 “同义替换词” 和 “情感词”，提高定位效率和态度判断准确性； 习惯培养：养成 “圈画定位词、标注推理依据、总结文章主旨” 的阅读习惯； 实战训练：通过针对性练习（如专题训练、综合模拟），熟练应用解题方法，同时拓展阅读范围，提升阅读流畅度和理解能力。 通过本专题的学习，希望学生不仅能掌握 “细节查找 + 深度推理” 类题型的解题技巧，更能建立科学的阅读思维，在考试中高效准确地完成答题，同时为高中阶段更复杂的阅读学习打下坚实基础。 实战演练 1 Scientists found that people who have fewer friends in real life are happier than those with far more if many of theirs were online. Social media, the researchers said, has encouraged younger people to have larger but more impersonal networks of “friends”. But instead of trying to get more friends, they added, a better cure for loneliness might be spending time with those you’re closest to. Researchers from the University of Leeds, UK, studied data from two online surveys of nearly 1, 500 people. Those who took the survey gave details about their ages, social interactions (相互影响), and how satisfied they were with their social lives. They included details of how often and how they interacted with family or neighbours, and whether they included people who provided services to them in their networks. The researchers found that those who had a small number of close friends generally were happier than those who had a large number of superficial (关系浅的) friends. “Loneliness has less to do with the number of friends you have, and more to do with how you feel about your friends,” said Dr. Bruine de Bruin, one of the researchers. “It’s often the younger adults who admit to having negative perceptions (负面看法) of their friends. Loneliness happens in people of all ages,” she added. “If you feel lonely, it may be more helpful to make a positive (积极的) connection with a friend than to try and find new people to meet,” she also said. In her study Dr. Bruine de Bruin found that older people had smaller social circles than young people, but the people in these circles were closer to them. Younger people, on the other hand, had bigger circles that were made up of “peripheral others”—people who are not true friends, but just people they know. These so-called friends didn’t influence the younger people’s happiness. The results of the study show that the stereotypes (偏见) society has about old people being sad and lonely might not be right. “The research shows that older adults’ smaller networks didn’t have a bad influence on social satisfaction and happiness. In fact, older adults had a better feeling of happiness than younger adults,” said Bruine de Bruin. Based on these results, the study believes that people should pay more attention on the ties with close friends instead of increasing the number of friends. 1．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Who studied the surveys. B．What were included in the surveys. C．How the surveys influenced people. D．How many people took part in the surveys. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Young people make close friends online. B．You’d better try to meet new people if you feel lonely. C．Older people have closer friends in their small social circles. D．The so-called friends bring more happiness to young people. 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Different Types of Close Friends B．Friendship between Old and Young C．Friends: The More, the Better? D．Friends: Online or Offline? 2 We have known for a long time that flowers of different plants open and close at different time of day. We all know that there seems to be no need to ask the reason for it. Yet no one really understands why flowers open and close like this at certain times The process is not as simple as we might think, as recent experiments(实验) have shown. In one study, flowers were kept in continuous darkness. We might expect that the flowers, without any information about the time of day, did not open as they often do. In fact, they continued to open at their usual time. This suggests that they have some strange way of knowing the time. Their sense of time does not depend on information from the outside world; it is, so to speak, inside them, a kind of “inner clock. ” This discovery may not seem to be very important However, it was later found that not just plants but also animals—including man—have this “inner clock” which controls the working of their bodies and influences their activities. Men, then, are also influenced by this strange power. Whether we wish it or not, it causes changes to such things in our life as our d for sleep, our need for food. In the past, this did not matter(要紧) very much because people lived in natural condition. In the modern world, things are different; now there are spacemen, airplane pilots and, in daily life, a lot of people who have to work at night. It would be very useful, then, to know more about the “inner clock”. Such ordinary things as flowers might help us understand more about ourselves. 1．A recent experiment showed that ______. A．different flowers open and close at different times of day B．flowers are influenced by weak light even when they are in dark room C．for their opening and closing. flowers do not need information from the outside world D．flowers can be used for telling the time 2．The “inner clock” ______. A．is an unimportant discovery B．has an effect on human life C．has not been understood by far D．is only found in animals 3．Further study of the “inner clock” will be useful because ______. A．we should try to live more naturally than we do now B．we do not yet understand plants and animals well enough C．the number of spacemen and airplane pilots is fast increasing D．it might help us in some way 4．Kept in constant darkness. flowers ______. A．will open as they do in natural conditions B．will not open any longer C．will not open or close as usual D．will always remain in full blossom(开花) 5．______ have a mysterious power of knowing time without information from the outside world. A．All living things except man B．Animals including man as well as plants C．Flowers that are the only things in the world D．Neither animals nor plants 3 I walked into a restaurant and ordered some food. After about 20 minutes, a large group of people came in and placed their own orders. To my disappointment, the group got served before me. I watched as they began to eat and laugh heartily. I heard one of them bragging (吹嘘) about how he’d connected to someone who worked at the restaurant. Unable to stand it anymore, I decided to leave. I called the waiter over to cancel my order. He calmly told me, “Yours is a special order being prepared by the head chef himself. It’ll take a little more time. Please have a drink while you wait.” I calmed down and waited patiently. Shortly after, my meal was served by six waiters. To my surprise, the owner of the restaurant turned out to be a long-lost friend of mine. He had seen me as I walked in and decided to surprise me. He upgraded (升级) my simple meal to a five- star meal for free. The people at the other table were shocked and couldn’t stop staring. Suddenly they started murmuring (低声抱怨 ), asking why they didn’t get that kind of service. Such is life! Some people are ahead of you, laughing at you and talking about how they are smarter, wiser and better than you, how they are well-connected and blessed (幸运的 ). You are working hard tirelessly,wondering why it’s taking so long for you to be rewarded. You just have to wait longer because your reward (回报) is more special. 1．The author wanted to cancel his order because ________. A．he ordered the wrong food B．the restaurant was too noisy C．a group of people laughed at him D．people who came after him got served first 2．The author’s meal turned out to be ________. A．forgotten by the waiter B．a special treat from an old friend C．served to the other table purposely D．less tasty than he thought it would be 3．How did the writer feel through the whole story? A．bored, glad B．lucky, excited C．angry, surprised D．shocked, unhappy 4．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Wait Patiently for a Rewarding Life B．Meet My Long-lost Friend Again C．Laugh at Other Unlucky Guests D．Have an Unhappy Experience 4 Suppose that you have some free time to kill. There is an enjoyable short video to watch and an interesting 1,000-word article to read. You can only choose one of the two. Which one will you pick? Perhaps the video will be your choice. Over the past few years, watching videos online has become a part of many people’s daily lives. The number of people patiently reading long articles, meanwhile, has been cut down. Some people fear that video will one day replace (代替) text. But in my opinion, this isn’t going to happen. Videos can in fact help us learn new information more quickly. However, can they help us fully learn about the ancient world? Many historical stories were recorded using only texts. Only through the reading of these texts can we truly and fully learn about what happened during the ancient world and the knowledge people had got. Short videos are a type of “instant culture”. They come into and leave our minds like flying cars. Oftentimes, we can’t help but look for the second video immediately after we’ve finished watching one. But can we always remember and understand the contents (内容) of these videos? When we read a long article patiently, we often pay close attention to the contents. What’s more, texts allow us to use our imagination, while videos don’t. In a word, video might change the way people learn about the world and the way they make themselves happy, but texts will never be replaced. Texts are like immortal (不朽的) stars which shine from the past to the future. 1．What is the writer trying to do in the passage? A．To give advice. B．To ask for help. C．To show ideas. D．To express feelings. 2．How can people fully learn about the ancient world according to the writer? A．By reading texts. B．By using imagination. C．By watching videos D．By talking with old people. 3．What may the underlined word “instant” mean? A．Slow. B．Quick. C．Small. D．Big. 4．Why does the writer think people will choose to watch a short video? ①The 1,000-word article is not interesting at all. ②Fewer people can patiently read long articles now. ③Watching videos online takes up people’s daily lives. ④Some people fear that video will one day replace text. A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．②④ 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Texts will never be replaced. B．Texts take long time to understand. C．Videos are enjoyable and popular. D．Videos are the best to kill free time. 5 Over the past five years, about 2.8 billion school textbooks have been sold in China, with spending on them totaling 20 billion yuan. The data was recently released by China’s National Press and Publication Administration（国家新闻出版署）. The figures also showed that in 2018, 2.93 billion textbooks had been sold at retail （零售）across the country, amounting to nearly 26 billion yuan. If all of them were to be reused, at least 20 billion yuan could be saved each year. These savings could then be used to help build around 40,000 Hope Schools in the country’s poorer regions. At present, free textbooks related to music, the arts, science, digital technology and physical education have been widely reused in many cities. The school textbooks used in these subjects, which don’t need to have class notes taken, are considered appropriate for recycling. The number of textbooks which have already been reused, however, accounted for（占比）only a tiny amount of the total sum. And most of these used textbooks end up in landfills（垃圾场）or are sold for scrap（废品）offline. “With the total amount of money, I got from selling a large bag of my used textbooks, I am only able to buy a new pencil case. ” said a Chinese graduate online. Despite this, some online platforms have been recently experiencing a boom（激增）in second-hand book sales. Data from Xianyu（闲鱼）, Alibaba’s online platform for second-hand goods, showed that a total of 1.56 million textbooks had been sold last month. Since this past March, it has seen a 207 percent increase in the number of users between the ages of 15 and 18. 1．About _______ yuan were spent on textbooks in China in 2018. A．20 billion. B．2.8 billion. C．2.93 billion. D．26 billion. 2．Free textbooks have been widely reused in many cities except textbooks related to _______. A．music B．physical education C．Chinese D．science 3．What does the underlined sentence mean? A．A new pencil case is much expencive than used textbooks. B．We can sell used textbooks to buy a new pencil case. C．The used textbooks are really cheap if they are sold for scrap offline. D．We can get a large amount of money from selling used textbooks. 4．Which of the following statements is right according to the text? A．Many Hope Schools have been built because of reused textbooks. B．The number of textbooks which have already been reused is large. C．Some textbooks are appropriate for recycling because they need to have class notes taken. D．If all of the textbooks are reused, much money could be saved each year. 5．From the last paragraph we know that ________. A．People are beginning to reuse the textbooks. B．People still pay no attention to reusing the textbooks. C．New textbooks can be sold on some online platforms. D．Some online platforms for second-hand goods are not successful. 6 Karate is a sport event to be held in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. It will be the first appearance of karate at the Summer Olympics. Karate, like Chinese Wushu, is a kind of martial—art. It developed in East Asia over centuries, becoming systematized in Okinawa in the 17th century. It was brought into Japan in the 1920 s. After about fifty—year development, it became an international sport event. Generally speaking, karate competition includes two types— kata（forms）and kumite（sparring）. Kata are demonstrations of attacking and defensive movements of one person against an imaginary opponent. Competitors choose the kata to demonstrate from 102 kata that are recognized by the World Karate Federation. Competitors are not allowed to demonstrate the same Kata twice during the competition. Its stage is an 8 m x 8 m square. Lined up outside the square, seven judges judge the competition. And the scores given by three of them are added to decide who the winner is. What the score is depends on the strength, speed, rhythm, balance and power of strikes and kicks and so on. In kumite, two competitors spar with each other. A head judge with four side judges observe their sparring. Attacks with good form, power and control get between one and three points. •One point — “Yuko”—is given for a closed hand punch to the head, neck, stomach, side or back of the opponent. •Two points — “Waza—ari” — are given for a middle kick to the body. •Three points— “Ippon” — are scored for a high kick to the head. A competitor wins by having eight points more than their opponent within three minutes. In a tie, the competitor who scores the first point is the winner. In a scoreless competition, the winner will be decided by the judges. 1．Karate is a sport that 　 　. A．is a kind of Chinese Wushu B．started and developed in Japan C．started 400 hundred years ago D．will appear in the 2020 Olympics 2．In a kata competition,　 　. A．five scores decide who the winner is B．a competitor demonstrates kata alone C．competitors can choose the kata freely D．a competitor wins by having eight points 3．Which of the following attacks will get two points?　 　 A． B． C． D． 4．The main purpose of the passage is to 　 　. A．show us how to do karate B．introduce us the history of karate C．tell us the types of karate competitions D．encourage us to watch karate competitions 7 There’s something great about buying a plant, taking care of it and actually having it survive (存活) for more than a week or two. However, a woman found that a plant she had been taking care of for two years was actually made out of plastic. Caelie Wilkes shared her story on her Facebook page, “I’ve had this beautiful succulent (多肉植物) for about two years now. I was so proud of this plant. It was full and had a beautiful colour, just a perfect plant. I had put it in my kitchen window. I had a watering plan for it. If someone else tried to water my plant, I would be unhappy because I just wanted to keep good care of it. I loved my plant very much.” Unluckily, when she decided to transplant the plant to a new flowerpot (花盆), she had a shocking discovery. “I went to pull it from the original (原来的) plastic container, and found this plant was fake (假的),” she wrote. “I put so much love into this plant! I washed its leaves. I tried my hardest to keep it looking its best, and it’s completely plastic! How did I not know this?” Wilkes, a stay-at-home mum, shared photos of the plant, which does look real from the top. Once pulled from the container, however, it’s clearly not alive. “I feel like these last two years have been a lie,” Wilkes said. 1．How did Wilkes take care of “the plant”? A．She had a plan for watering it. B．She washed its flowers. C．She didn’t let others watch it. D．She watered it every day. 2．What does the underlined word “transplant” mean in Chinese? A．栽培 B．修整 C．移植 D．滋养 3．It can be inferred from the passage ________. A．Wilkes took care of “the plant” in a wrong way B．Wilkes bought “the plant” three years ago C．Wilkes made a video about “the plant” D．Wilkes didn’t have a job 4．How might Wilkes feel in the end? A．Tired but happy. B．Disappointed and angry. C．Excited and satisfied. D．Bored and tired. 8 Gever is a computer scientist from California. In 2005, he started a summer program for children called Tinkering School. The idea was that children can learn important skills for life by building things together. Gever and his team help the children to think big and create plans for new things they want to build. Children have made fantastic things since the school started. They have made a rope bridge, tree houses, wooden motorbikes and boats. At Tinkering School, children get all kinds of materials like wood, metal, plastic, nails and ropes. They get lots of real tools too, such as knives, hammers(锤子) and power drills(电钻). Tinkering School has been around for many years now, but nobody has ever had a serious injury in all those years. This is because there are strict health and safety rules they must follow. The children always learn how to use the tools safely and they must wear the right clothing and protection at all times. Gever’s ideas have worked very well. A lot of children have gone to his summer schools over the years. In 2011, Gever decided to create a ‘real’ school, called Brightworks, in San Francisco. The school is very small —it only has 20 students aged 6 to 13. Brightworks is based on the same principles(理念) as Tinkering School. Since it started, Brightworks has been written about a lot. Most of those articles have been very positive(积极的). They have praised the quality of the school. They have found the children are more active than at many other schools. But there have also been critical (批评的) voices. Some people have said that children are not learning enough at Brightworks. They feel that students and teachers are just ‘playing around’ all the time. The students at Brightworks seem to love their school. We spoke to 12-year-old Tina Cooper. She has been a student at the school since last October. “Since I started here. I’ve never sat in a ‘normal’ class with a teacher,” she told us. “But it’s been a very exciting experience. I’ve worked hard at my new school for eight months now, and there hasn’t been one single moment when I found it boring.” 1．Which can best describe Tinkering School or Brightworks? A．A place you can walk around freely. B．A space with new ideas and practice. C．A factory full of materials and tools. D．A family you will never leave behind. 2．Gever’s principle on education is to ________. A．train children to follow strict rules B．provide children with famous schools C．help children create new fantastic plastic things D．lead children to learn by doing hands-on activities 3．About safety at Tinkering School, we know that ________. A．the school is not safe enough for kids B．children are taught how to protect themselves C．children have never had an accident or injury D．there isn’t any safety information mentioned there 4．From the last two paragraphs, we can infer that ________. A．Brightworks has influenced students like Tina B．critical voices brought bad results to the school C．there hasn’t been one single boring moment for all D．the students there often stand in a class with a teacher 5．The author’s writing purpose is probably to ________ . A．choose the best schools for parents B．let the readers listen to different voices C．praise Gever’s thoughts about education D．draw much attention to Gever’s school 9 It is easy to forget that public education is relatively new. Even in the U.S., which has a relatively developed education system, public schools only became common in the early 19th century. Before that, while the rich were able to get private teachers for their children, most education of children took place within the family and the community. Some people are now going back to teaching children themselves. At one time, homeschooling was for students who had behavioral or learning difficulties. Today, there are many arguments for educating one’s children at home. Some of it starts from dissatisfaction with the normal education system. In many schools, one teacher is responsible for 30 or 40 students; children are often deprived (剥夺) of the attention they need. Many psychologists (心理学家) see the home as the most natural learning environment, since it is supportive. Parents who homeschool say they can keep an eye on their children’s education more closely. Children can also choose what and when to study, so they can learn according to their own timetable. The many educational resources on the Internet can also be used. Supporters of homeschooling point out that homeschooled children do just as well as or better than those who are classroom-taught. However, critics of homeschooling say that children miss out on learning important social skills because they have little interaction with their peers (同龄人). This might have a bad effect on them later in life when they go to university or start work. Critics have also raised concerns about whether parents are able to educate their children properly. Many of these parents are short of teacher training and may not be up-to-date on all the subjects taught in schools. In the U.S., with an increasing number of parents taking their children out of class, schools are looking for ways to restore parents’ confidence in the public education system. Some American high schools have opened their doors to homeschoolers on a part-time basis, allowing these children to attend classes once or twice a week, or to take part in activities such as playing football or dancing. This enables homeschooled children to enjoy the extra benefits of peer interaction and involvement in sport or clubs. Whatever the arguments for or against, homeschooling is growing in some countries. There are now websites and support groups that enable parents to learn more about educating their children. Homeschooling is now taken as an accepted choice to the public education system. 1．According to the passage, what can we learn about homeschooling? A．Homeschooled children have fewer learning difficulties. B．Homeschooling offers enough teacher training to parents. C．Homeschooled children are better prepared for university. D．Homeschooling has a longer history than public education. 2．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Parents’ confidence in the public education system is restored. B．Homeschooled children should get involved in sports and clubs. C．Schools are trying to change since homeschoolers are increasing. D．Homeschooled children are required to have some classes in schools. 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．The benefits of homeschooling B．The development of homeschooling C．Homeschooling: The power of love? D．Homeschooling: A better way to learn? 10 A group of university graduates visited their old professor. During their visit, the conversation turned to work. The graduates were complaining about their problems and stress in work and in life. After offering coffee to the guests, the professor went to the kitchen and came back with a coffee pot and a tray (托盘), crowded with many different cups: porcelain, glass, plastic and crystal. Some cups were simple, other ones expensive. The professor asked them to pick out their cups first. When the graduates picked out their favorite cups, the professor explained: “Notice how all the beautiful cups were picked out and the simple and cheap ones were left.” “Wanting only the best things for yourself is the source of your problems and stress. You need to understand that the cup doesn’t make the coffee better. Actually, all that you wanted was the coffee, not the cup. But you consciously (有意识地) chose the best cups, and then looked to see what cups other picked.” “Life is the coffee. Your job, money, position in society...they are the cups. The type of cup doesn’t determine (决定) the quality of life. Sometimes, by concentrating only on the cups, we forget to enjoy the taste of coffee. The happiest people are not those who have the best things, but those who enjoy life and make the most of what they have.” Hearing this, the graduates were speechless. They had learned another important life lesson from their old professor- that true happiness means enjoying life and not worrying about unimportant things. 1．The professor offered different kinds of cups to ________. A．give his students more choices to choose from B．teach his students how to make coffee C．show his students his collection of cups D．teach his students about the meaning of happiness 2．When asked to pick out their favorite cups, the students ________. A．chose the plastic and glass cups B．did not choose heavy cups C．preferred beautiful and expensive ones D．preferred simple and cheap ones 3．The underlined word source means ________. A．资源 B．根源 C．起因 D．解决办法 4．What lesson can we learn from the story? A．Make the best choice you can. B．Make the most of life and ignore small things. C．Let others have some of the best things in life. D．Your cup choice doesn’t matter when drinking coffee. 11 During the 1980s, artist Wilder created a song in about 30 minutes. That song, Break My Stride, has been played in films and TV shows over the years and turned him into a one-hit wonder. Now, nearly forty years later, the song is being listened to by people who weren’t even born when it was created, thanks to its popularity on the social media（社交媒体）TikTok. On TikTok, users usually share very short, usually 15-second, videos of themselves dancing, singing or doing something funny, most often set to music. Break My Stride became popular on TikTok earlier this year and has been used in over 800,000 videos. School students have posted videos of themselves dancing to the song. The pop song has the magic to make people feel like dancing. In one TikTok video that was liked 3.5 million times, the creator took a video of his mom sleeping and then photoshopped her into different backgrounds related to the words of the song, such as traveling across the sea to China in the row boat. “Now with the coming of TikTok, it’s like having a hit record all over again with a whole new generation（一代人）,” Wilder, 67, told CNN. Break My Stride recently has been on Apple Music’s Top 100 songs in over 20 countries. Break My Stride isn’t alone. A number of other artists have seen their songs become popular on TikTok. The success of Lil Nas X’s Old Town Road depends heavily on its popularity on TikTok, where the song has been used in 7.5 million videos. The song finished 2019 in the UK as “Song of the Year”. The success of these songs, both old and new, highlights the influence that social media have on arts and culture. TikTok is changing how musicians create and publicize their work. 1．What can be learned about the song Break My Stride? A．It has become popular again. B．It was written 20 years ago. C．It was first used in a TV show. D．It was hardly known at first. 2．What does TikTok allow users to do? A．To get music for free. B．To watch long videos. C．To share videos of their own. D．To study different kinds of music. 3．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Famous artists on TikTok. B．The success of social media. C．“Song of the Year” in the UK. D．The popularity of other songs on TikTok. 4．What does the writer say about TikTok? A．It has a long history. B．It has about 7.5 million users. C．It is more popular than TV shows. D．It has a strong influence on arts. 5．The underlined word “highlights” has the closest meaning to _________. A．catches B．shows C．promises D．uses 12 Success doesn’t begin until you begin the walk down the pathway towards your aim. And your walk down the path always begins with a baby step.Why do we call them baby steps?Are they really anything more important than our next steps down the life’s pathway? Baby steps are the first steps we take as an act of faith(信念). We see others stepping out and we want to show our ability to walk by following them.As we grow, we continue our development by taking additional(额外的)baby steps. Sometimes we fall; sometimes we fail. After that, all steps become an act of faith; we just become more practiced. If you say to yourself. “'I don’t want to make a fool of myself” or “I’m not good at this”, you will probably never take the baby steps towards your aims and end up in your own self-pity. As a culture, we pay much attention to results. We think about every risk that must be taken to reach our aims. There are few people who are excellent performers of any tasks the first time they try them. They fail and succeed. Then, they build upon their abilities learned each time. They practice their skills and use their talents through baby steps before they are ready to prove themselves to the whole world. So learn to take those baby steps to reach the goals before you. As you become more experienced, your baby steps become a walk, then a jump, and finally a sprint. That’s how our baby steps lead us through the marathon of life. 1．What does the writer mainly discuss in the passage? A．The importance of baby steps. B．The power of faith in our life. C．The abilities to achieve success. D．The cause of cultural differences. 2．Which of the following is considered most important in taking baby steps? A．Aim. B．Support. C．Faith. D．Practice. 3．In Paragraph 3, the writer expresses the idea that ________. A．no one can succeed with working hard B．grown-ups should learn from babies in dealing with hard tasks C．baby steps play a key role in leading us to success D．we must make full use of our skills in order to reach our aims 4．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “sprint” in the passage? A．Fly away. B．Run fast. C．Fall down. D．Get success. 5．What’s the writer’s tone(语气)in the passage? A．Encouraging. B．Light-hearted. C．Doubtful. D．Regretful 13 Anger (愤怒) often makes us uncomfortable. Seeing your child’s anger can be especially uncomfortable. In order to relieve (缓解) this feeling, parents often encourage children to “stop crying” and say things like “It’s nothing to cry about.” It’s moments like those that plant the seeds (种子) of unhealthy anger. The “stop crying” parents are just doing what they were taught by their own parents, who were probably taught that by their parents on and on. However, we should learn how to create healthy anger in our kids. If a child never sees his or her parents express anger, he or she should never express anger, either. But if parents always express their anger loudly, their child may start to think of anger as something that is always frightening. The first thing you can do to create healthy anger in your children is to practice creating healthy anger in yourself. Once you’re better at experiencing anger and expressing it in a healthy way, you’ll be able to set a good example for your kids. Stopping kids from expressing their feelings is wrong. You may feel bad when you believe you are wrong. When children express their feelings and are told that it’s nothing to cry about, they come to know that they themselves are bad. We need to raise them in an environment where it’s safe to express feelings. Once you feel more comfortable with your own anger, you can teach your children why anger is a helpful feeling. When your kids express anger, help them examine what it is that has made them angry. Why did it make them angry? How did it do that? Then, you can teach them that those feelings are never wrong and our expressions of feelings are in our control. Anger is natural and normal, and it can be experienced and expressed in a healthy way. 1．Why do parents tell children not to cry? A．To relieve their anger. B．To make them uncomfortable. C．To encourage them to stop crying. D．To plant the seeds of unhealthy anger. 2．What can we know according to paragraph 2? A．Parents have a great influence on their children. B．Parents should get angry with their children. C．Expressing anger loudly is good for children. D．Children must express their anger like their parents. 3．What should parents do to set a good example for children? A．Stop them from expressing their anger. B．Raise them in a safe environment. C．Let them know they are right or wrong. D．Express their own anger in a healthy way. 4．What does the writer think of anger? A．It’s impossible for us to control it. B．It’s a common feeling. C．It’s harmful to our health. D．It often makes us embarrassed. 5．What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the text? A．To tell us how to teach kids. B．To show us how to control anger. C．To introduce the dangers of anger. D．To lead parents to create healthy anger in our kids. 14 Most handshakes are a simple greeting. However, they are more common in some places than in others. This is especially true in English-speaking countries. In these countries, handshakes are common in every situation — when meeting a new person, or even when greeting someone that you have not seen for a long time. People also use handshakes to congratulate, or to say goodbye. In Asian countries, handshakes are used in business. But in other situations, there are other greetings. For example, in Thailand, people greet each other using the waist(腰). A person holds his hands so that the palms, the inside of the hands, press together. Then, the person gives a small bow, bending(弯曲) at the waist. Similar gestures(手势) are used in India, Cambodia and other countries. In Latin America, people shake hands. But they also may greet with a kiss. For example, a woman greeting another woman will kiss lightly on each cheek(面颊), and then shake hands. In some places, men may also greet in this way, but it is not as common. Cheek kissing is common in many other parts of the world too, but it is slightly(稍微地) different in each place. For example, in Greece, two people may kiss twice, one kiss on each cheek. But in parts of France, people will kiss four times! So, if you are shaking hands, do you know what the best way to communicate is? Do you use a hard or soft handshake? Do you hold with both hands, or just one? Do you kiss? 1．How do people greet each other in Thailand? A．By using the waist. B．By shaking hands. C．By speaking loudly. D．By shaking their heads. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Hugging. B．Kissing. C．Greeting. D．Speaking. 3．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Different handshakes B．How to greet each other C．The same gestures D．When to shake hands 1 / 33 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 思维层面：侧重 “细节查找 + 深度推理” 目录 1.细节理解题 ——“题干定位法” 精准破解 3 1.1 细节理解题的题型特点与考查方向 3 1.2 “题干定位法” 的解题步骤与核心技巧 3 1.2.1步骤一：分析题干，圈画定位词 4 1.2.2步骤二：根据定位词，回原文查找对应信息 4 1.2.3步骤三：比对原文信息与选项，确定正确答案 5 1.3 细节理解题实例分析与解题示范 5 1.4 细节理解题常见易错点与应对策略 8 1.4.1易错点 1：忽视题干中的限定条件，导致定位偏差 8 1.4.2易错点 2：对同义替换识别能力不足，错过关键信息 9 1.4.3易错点 3：比对选项时粗心大意，忽略细节差异 9 1.4.4易错点 4：遇到复杂句式时，无法准确提取关键信息 10 2.推理判断题 ——“细节 + 常识” 合理推断 10 2.1 推理判断题的题型特点与考查方向 10 2.2 “细节 + 常识” 的解题步骤与核心技巧 11 2.2.1步骤一：通读题干，明确推理方向 11 2.2.2步骤二：定位原文细节，确定推理依据 12 2.2.3步骤三：结合日常生活常识，进行合理推断 12 2.2.4步骤四：分析选项，排除错误答案，确定正确选项 13 2.3 推理判断题实例分析与答题思路 13 2.4 推理判断题常见易错点与应对策略 17 2.4.1易错点 1：脱离原文细节，仅凭主观臆断推理 17 2.4.2易错点 2：过度延伸推理范围，超出合理界限 18 2.4.3易错点 3：误用常识，忽略常识的普遍性与情境性 18 2.4.4易错点 4：混淆 “直接信息” 与 “推理信息” 18 3.观点态度题 ——“情感词判断” 快速突破 19 3.1 观点态度题的题型特点与考查方向 19 3.2 “情感词判断法” 的解题步骤与核心技巧 20 3.2.1步骤一：明确题干核心 ——“谁对什么的态度” 20 3.2.2步骤二：定位原文 —— 寻找 “态度主体评价态度对象” 的情感词 20 3.2.3步骤三：根据情感词判断态度倾向，排除矛盾选项 21 3.3 观点态度题实例分析与答题思路 22 3.4 观点态度题常见易错点与应对策略 25 3.4.1易错点 1：混淆 “态度主体”，误将 “他人态度” 当作 “作者态度” 25 3.4.2易错点 2：忽略 “情感词的转折关系”，片面截取信息 25 3.4.3易错点 3：误将 “客观描述” 当作 “情感态度” 26 3.4.4易错点 4：对 “隐含态度词” 敏感度不足 26 4.核心解题方法总结与实战训练 26 4.1 方法总结：三类题型核心解题方法 26 4.2 技巧运用：综合阅读与解析展示 27 4.3 实践拓展：日常学习中的备考建议与答题技巧 29 4.3.1技巧1. 日常练习：培养 “定位 + 标记” 习惯 29 4.3.2技巧2. 词汇积累：聚焦 “同义替换” 与 “情感词” 30 4.3.3技巧3. 考试技巧：“先题后文” 与 “排除法” 结合 30 4.3.4技巧4. 心态调整：避免 “纠结” 与 “过度思考” 30 4.4 反思总结：阅读理解过程中的常见问题答疑（FAQ） 30 4.5 能力提升：从 “会做题” 到 “会阅读” 31 4.5.1策略1. 培养 “段落结构分析” 能力 31 4.5.2策略2. 积累 “话题词汇”，提升阅读流畅度 32 4.5.3策略3. 养成 “读完总结” 的习惯 32 4.6 总结提升：掌握“细节查找 + 深度推理”的 核心思维 32 4.6.1核心1. 核心原则一致：“原文为纲，不凭空想” 32 4.6.2核心2. 解题方法分层：“题型不同，方法不同” 32 4.6.3核心3. 能力提升关键：“日常积累 + 刻意练习” 33 附录：九年级阅读理解实战演练试题 33 必备知识 在九年级英语阅读考试中，题型设置紧密围绕学生的基础认知能力和语言运用水平，其中 “细节题、主旨题、推理判断题” 占据了主导地位。从思维要求来看，这三类题型并不需要学生进行过于复杂的逻辑推演或深度抽象思考，其核心解题原则可以概括为 **“原文找依据，不凭空想”**。这一原则既是应对九年级英语阅读题的关键抓手，也是帮助学生建立科学解题习惯、避免主观臆断的重要指导思想。 为什么 “原文找依据” 如此重要？首先，九年级英语阅读材料的选取注重贴近学生生活实际和认知范围，无论是记叙文、说明文还是议论文，其核心信息、关键细节以及作者观点往往都会在原文中以明确或间接的方式呈现，不会出现过于隐晦或需要跨文本联想的内容。其次，从考试命题角度来看，命题人在设置题目选项时，正确答案必然是对原文信息的合理提炼、概括或推理，而错误选项则多源于 “无中生有”（原文未提及）、“偷换概念”（改变原文关键信息）、“过度延伸”（超出原文范围进行主观推测）等问题。因此，能否准确从原文中找到解题的依据，直接决定了答题的正确率。 “不凭空想” 则是对学生解题心态和方法的约束。在实际答题过程中，部分学生容易受到自身生活经验、主观喜好或思维定式的影响，在没有原文依据的情况下，仅凭感觉或想象选择答案。例如，在面对一道关于 “某人周末活动” 的细节题时，若学生自己周末常去公园，就可能在未确认原文信息的情况下，主观认为题目中的人物也去了公园，从而导致答题错误。因此，强调 “不凭空想”，就是要引导学生始终将原文作为解题的唯一标准，避免主观因素的干扰。 接下来，本专题将针对九年级英语阅读中与 “细节查找 + 深度推理” 密切相关的三类核心题型 —— 细节题、推理判断题、观点态度题，进行分类分层的详细解析，包括题型特点、解题方法、实例分析以及易错点提醒，帮助学生全面掌握这类题型的解题技巧，提升阅读答题能力。 1.细节理解题 ——“题干定位法” 精准破解 1.1 细节理解题的题型特点与考查方向 细节题是九年级英语阅读中出现频率最高、考查最为基础的题型，其主要目的是考查学生对原文中具体信息的捕捉和理解能力。这类题目通常涉及原文中的人名、时间、地点、数字、事件、原因、结果、方式、程度等具体细节内容，要求学生能够快速找到相关信息，并根据原文内容对选项进行判断或直接提取答案。 从题目形式来看，细节题的题干往往会明确指向原文中的某一具体细节，常见的提问方式包括： 疑问词引导的特殊疑问句：如 “What did the writer do last weekend?”“Where can people find the information about the event?”“When will the meeting start?”“Why did Mary refuse the invitation?”“How did Tom solve the problem?” 一般疑问句：如 “Did Lucy finish her homework before dinner?”“Is the library open on Sundays?” 选择疑问句：如 “Does the shop sell books or magazines?” 从考查方向来看，细节题主要分为两类： 直接细节题：即答案可以在原文中直接找到，不需要进行额外的概括或推理，只需将原文信息与选项进行对应即可 间接细节题：即答案并非原文信息的直接照搬，而是需要学生对原文中的相关信息进行简单的整理、归纳或同义转换后才能得出，例如原文中用 “three hours” 表示时间，选项中则用 “180 minutes” 进行同义替换，学生需要能够识别这种对应关系。 无论是直接细节题还是间接细节题，其解题的核心都在于 “精准定位原文信息”，而 “题干定位法” 则是实现这一核心目标的最有效方法。 1.2 “题干定位法” 的解题步骤与核心技巧 “题干定位法” 是指通过分析题干中的关键信息，确定定位词，然后根据定位词回到原文中查找与之对应的句子或段落，从而找到解题依据的方法。这种方法能够帮助学生在阅读材料篇幅较长、信息较多的情况下，快速锁定解题所需的关键区域，避免盲目阅读导致的时间浪费和信息遗漏。其具体解题步骤如下： 1.2.1步骤一：分析题干，圈画定位词 定位词是指能够在原文中明确指向某一具体细节的词语或短语，选择合适的定位词是 “题干定位法” 成功的关键。在九年级英语阅读题干中，常见的定位词主要包括以下几类： 专有名词：如人名（Tom, Lucy, Mr. Smith）、地名（Beijing, the Great Wall, Green Park）、机构名（No.1 Middle School, the City Library）、节日名（Christmas, Mid-Autumn Festival）等。这类词语在原文中通常以大写形式出现，辨识度高，且不易被同义替换，是最理想的定位词。 时间与数字：如具体年份（2023）、月份（July）、日期（15th）、时间点（3:00 pm）、年龄（15 years old）、数量（5 books, 100 meters）、价格（$20）等。这类信息在原文中通常以阿拉伯数字或特定的时间表达形式出现，容易被快速识别，也是重要的定位词。 核心动词与名词：当题干中没有专有名词或时间数字时，应选择题干中的核心动词（如 go, finish, buy, solve）或名词（如 problem, book, trip, test）作为定位词。这些词语是题干表达的核心内容，在原文中对应的信息也会围绕这些词语展开。 否定词与比较级：如 not, never, hardly, more, better, worse 等。这类词语能够明确题干的限定条件或比较关系，在原文中对应的信息也会包含类似的逻辑关系，有助于精准定位。 需要注意的是，在选择定位词时，应避免选择过于宽泛或在原文中频繁出现的词语，如 “people”“time”“thing”“good” 等。这些词语缺乏特异性，无法帮助学生准确锁定具体信息，反而可能导致定位范围过大，增加解题难度。 1.2.2步骤二：根据定位词，回原文查找对应信息 在确定了定位词之后，学生需要带着这些定位词回到原文中进行快速扫描，查找与之对应的句子或段落。在扫描过程中，应注意以下几点： 阅读顺序：通常情况下，九年级英语阅读材料的题目设置与原文内容的顺序是基本一致的，即第一题对应的信息通常在原文的前半部分，第二题对应的信息在第一题之后，以此类推。因此，在查找定位词时，可以按照题目顺序，从原文开头开始逐段扫描，这样能够提高定位的效率。 同义替换识别：在间接细节题中，题干中的定位词在原文中可能不会以完全相同的形式出现，而是会以同义或近义的词语、短语进行替换。例如，题干中的 “buy” 在原文中可能替换为 “purchase”；题干中的 “important” 在原文中可能替换为 “significant”；题干中的 “go to the zoo” 在原文中可能替换为 “visit the zoo”。因此，学生需要具备一定的词汇积累和同义替换识别能力，能够敏锐地发现题干定位词与原文信息之间的对应关系。 信息标记：当在原文中找到与定位词对应的信息时，应及时用铅笔在原文中进行标记（如圈画、下划线），并标注对应的题目序号。这样做不仅能够避免后续查找时重复劳动，还能在检查答案时快速核对原文依据，减少错误。 1.2.3步骤三：比对原文信息与选项，确定正确答案 找到原文中对应的信息后，学生需要将原文信息与题目选项进行仔细比对，判断哪个选项是对原文信息的准确反映。在比对过程中，应遵循 “原文为唯一标准” 的原则，注意排除以下几类错误选项： 无中生有：选项内容在原文中完全没有提及，属于命题人主观编造的信息。例如，原文中只提到 “Tom went to the zoo last Sunday”，而选项中却出现 “Tom went to the park with his friends last Sunday”，“park” 和 “friends” 在原文中均未提及，这类选项应直接排除。 偷换概念：选项内容看似与原文相关，但却改变了原文中的关键信息，如人物、时间、地点、数量、原因等。例如，原文中是 “Lucy bought 5 books”，选项中却改为 “Lucy bought 10 books”，将数量 “5” 偷换为 “10”；原文中是 “Mary went to Beijing in July”，选项中却改为 “Mary went to Shanghai in July”，将地点 “Beijing” 偷换为 “Shanghai”。这类选项需要学生仔细核对原文细节，避免被误导。 过度延伸：选项内容在原文信息的基础上进行了超出原文范围的主观推测或引申。例如，原文中只提到 “Tom likes playing basketball”，而选项中却出现 “Tom is the best basketball player in his class”，“best” 和 “in his class” 在原文中均未体现，属于过度延伸，应排除。 与原文矛盾：选项内容与原文信息直接相反。例如，原文中是 “The library is open on Sundays”，选项中却改为 “The library is closed on Sundays”，这类选项明显错误，可直接排除。 1.3 细节理解题实例分析与解题示范 为了让学生更直观地理解 “题干定位法” 的应用，下面结合具体的阅读材料和题目进行实例分析与解题示范。 【阅读材料（记叙文）】 Last weekend, Tom had a busy but happy time. On Saturday morning, he helped his mom clean the house. After lunch, he went to the bookstore with his best friend, Jack. They spent two hours there and Tom bought a storybook about space. In the evening, he watched a movie with his family at home. On Sunday morning, Tom visited his grandparents. They prepared a delicious lunch for him. In the afternoon, Tom went to the zoo with his family. He saw many animals, such as tigers, lions, and pandas. He took a lot of photos with the pandas because they were very cute. Tom felt tired but happy after the weekend. 题目 1（直接细节题）： What did Tom buy in the bookstore? A. A science book. B. A storybook about space. C. A history book. D. A picture book about animals. 【答题思路】 步骤一：分析题干，圈画定位词 题干中的核心信息是 “what did Tom buy” 和 “in the bookstore”，因此定位词确定为 “Tom”“buy”“bookstore”。其中 “Tom” 是专有名词，“bookstore” 是核心名词，“buy” 是核心动词，这三个定位词能够明确指向原文中关于 Tom 在书店购物的细节。 步骤二：回原文查找对应信息 根据阅读材料的顺序，题目 1 对应的信息应在原文前半部分。带着定位词 “Tom”“buy”“bookstore” 扫描原文，找到相关句子：“After lunch, he went to the bookstore with his best friend, Jack. They spent two hours there and Tom bought a storybook about space.” 这里 “he” 指代前文的 “Tom”，“bookstore” 与定位词一致，“bought” 是 “buy” 的过去式，与定位词对应，因此这句话就是解题的关键依据。 步骤三：比对原文信息与选项 原文中明确提到 “Tom bought a storybook about space”，对比选项： A 选项 “A science book”（科学书）：原文未提及，无中生有，排除； B 选项 “A storybook about space”（一本关于太空的故事书）：与原文信息完全一致，正确； C 选项 “A history book”（历史书）：原文未提及，无中生有，排除； D 选项 “A picture book about animals”（一本关于动物的图画书）：原文未提及，无中生有，排除。 因此，本题的正确答案是 B。 题目 2（间接细节题）： How long did Tom and Jack stay in the bookstore? A. One hour. B. Two hours. C. Three hours. D. Four hours. 【答题思路】 步骤一：分析题干，圈画定位词 题干中的核心信息是 “how long”“Tom and Jack”“stay in the bookstore”，定位词确定为 “Tom and Jack”“stay”“bookstore”“how long”（对应时间信息）。其中 “Tom and Jack” 是专有名词，“bookstore” 是核心名词，“stay” 是核心动词，“how long” 提示需要查找时间信息。 步骤二：回原文查找对应信息 带着定位词扫描原文，找到相关句子：“After lunch, he went to the bookstore with his best friend, Jack. They spent two hours there and Tom bought a storybook about space.” 这里 “he” 指 “Tom”，“his best friend, Jack” 与 “Tom and Jack” 对应，“bookstore” 与定位词一致，“spent two hours there” 中的 “there” 指代 “bookstore”，“spent two hours” 表示 “停留了两个小时”，与题干中的 “stay” 是同义表达（“spend time in a place” 等同于 “stay in a place for some time”），因此这句话是解题的关键依据。 步骤三：比对原文信息与选项 原文中 “spent two hours there” 明确表示 Tom 和 Jack 在书店停留了两个小时，对比选项： A 选项 “One hour”（一小时）：与原文信息矛盾，排除； B 选项 “Two hours”（两小时）：与原文信息一致，正确； C 选项 “Three hours”（三小时）：与原文信息矛盾，排除； D 选项 “Four hours”（四小时）：与原文信息矛盾，排除。 因此，本题的正确答案是 B。 题目 3（直接细节题）： Why did Tom take many photos with the pandas? A. Because the pandas were very cute. B. Because his mom asked him to do so. C. Because he wanted to give the photos to Jack. D. Because the pandas were rare. 【答题思路】 步骤一：分析题干，圈画定位词 题干中的核心信息是 “why”“Tom take many photos with the pandas”，定位词确定为 “Tom”“take many photos with the pandas”“why”（对应原因信息）。其中 “Tom” 是专有名词，“take many photos with the pandas” 是核心动作短语，“why” 提示需要查找原因。 步骤二：回原文查找对应信息 根据阅读材料顺序，题目 3 对应的信息应在原文后半部分（关于周日下午的活动）。带着定位词扫描原文，找到相关句子：“In the afternoon, Tom went to the zoo with his family. He saw many animals, such as tigers, lions, and pandas. He took a lot of photos with the pandas because they were very cute.” 这里 “took a lot of photos” 与 “take many photos” 是同义表达（“a lot of” 等同于 “many”），“because” 引导的从句明确说明了原因，因此这句话是解题的关键依据。 步骤三：比对原文信息与选项 原文中 “because they were very cute” 明确指出 Tom 与熊猫拍照的原因是 “熊猫很可爱”，对比选项： A 选项 “Because the pandas were very cute”（因为熊猫很可爱）：与原文信息一致，正确； B 选项 “Because his mom asked him to do so”（因为他妈妈让他这么做）：原文未提及，无中生有，排除； C 选项 “Because he wanted to give the photos to Jack”（因为他想把照片给 Jack）：原文未提及，无中生有，排除； D 选项 “Because the pandas were rare”（因为熊猫很稀有）：原文未提及，无中生有，排除。 因此，本题的正确答案是 A。 1.4 细节理解题常见易错点与应对策略 在解答细节题的过程中，学生常常会因为一些细节上的疏忽或方法上的不当导致答题错误。下面总结了细节题的常见易错点，并给出相应的【应对策略】 1.4.1易错点 1：忽视题干中的限定条件，导致定位偏差 部分学生在分析题干时，只关注核心名词或动词，而忽视了题干中的限定条件（如时间、地点、范围、程度等），从而导致定位到的原文信息与题干要求不匹配。例如，题干问的是 “Tom did what on Sunday morning”，而学生却定位到了 “Tom did what on Saturday morning” 的信息，最终选择了错误答案。 【应对策略】在圈画定位词时，务必将题干中的所有限定条件（如时间状语 “on Sunday morning”、地点状语 “in the park”、范围限定 “of the three books” 等）一并圈出，作为定位的重要依据。在回原文查找时，不仅要确认核心信息，还要确认限定条件是否与原文一致，确保定位到的信息完全符合题干要求。 1.4.2易错点 2：对同义替换识别能力不足，错过关键信息 在间接细节题中，题干定位词在原文中常以同义替换形式出现。部分学生因词汇积累不足或对同义表达不敏感，无法识别这种对应关系，导致找不到解题依据，进而随意选择答案。例如，题干中 “improve English”（提高英语）在原文中可能表述为 “make English better” 或 “develop English skills”，若学生未意识到这些是同义表达，就可能忽略关键信息。 【应对策略】一方面，学生需在日常学习中注重积累常见的同义词汇和短语，如 “good” 的同义表达有 “excellent”“great”“wonderful”；“get” 的同义表达有 “obtain”“receive”“acquire” 等，可通过制作单词卡片、背诵同义词汇表等方式加强记忆。另一方面，在做阅读练习时，遇到题干与原文的同义替换情况，要及时做好标记和总结，分析替换规律，逐步提高对同义替换的敏感度。例如，将题干中的 “buy” 和原文中的 “purchase”、题干中的 “go to school” 和原文中的 “attend school” 等对应关系整理下来，定期复习巩固。 1.4.3易错点 3：比对选项时粗心大意，忽略细节差异 部分学生在找到原文关键信息后，比对选项时不够细致，只看到选项与原文的大致相似之处，而忽略了细节上的差异，从而误选错误选项。例如，原文中是 “Tom went to the zoo with his family last Sunday”，选项中是 “Tom went to the zoo with his friends last Sunday”，学生若只注意到 “Tom went to the zoo last Sunday” 这一相同部分，而忽略了 “family” 和 “friends” 的差异，就会选错答案。 【应对策略】在比对选项与原文信息时，要逐字逐句进行细致分析，特别关注选项中与原文信息相关的名词、动词、形容词、副词等关键成分，以及表示时间、地点、数量、范围等的限定词。可以采用 “逐词比对法”，将选项中的每个关键信息与原文对应信息一一核对，确认是否完全一致。例如，对于选项中的时间状语、地点状语、人物关系等细节，要与原文进行精准匹配，一旦发现有任何不符之处，立即排除该选项。同时，在比对过程中，可将选项中的关键信息和原文中的对应信息用不同颜色的笔进行标记，以便更清晰地发现差异。 1.4.4易错点 4：遇到复杂句式时，无法准确提取关键信息 九年级英语阅读材料中偶尔会出现一些结构复杂的句式，如包含定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句的句子，部分学生因对复杂句式的分析能力不足，无法准确提取句子中的关键信息，导致定位失败或理解偏差。例如，原文句子 “The girl who is wearing a red dress and holding a book is Lucy, who went to the library yesterday.” 中包含两个定语从句，学生若无法理清句子结构，就难以确定 “Lucy went to the library yesterday” 这一关键信息。 【应对策略】学生需要掌握基本的句子结构分析方法，学会划分句子成分，如主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等。在遇到复杂句式时，可先找出句子的主干部分（主语 + 谓语 + 宾语），忽略修饰成分（如定语、状语），从而快速提取句子的核心信息。例如，对于上述包含定语从句的句子，先找出主干 “The girl is Lucy”，然后再分析两个定语从句分别修饰 “the girl” 和 “Lucy”，进而提取出 “Lucy is wearing a red dress, holding a book and went to the library yesterday” 这些关键信息。日常学习中，可通过专项练习分析复杂句式，如将阅读材料中的复杂句子摘抄下来，进行句子成分划分和结构分析，逐步提高对复杂句式的理解和信息提取能力。 2.推理判断题 ——“细节 + 常识” 合理推断 2.1 推理判断题的题型特点与考查方向 推理判断题是九年级英语阅读中仅次于细节题的常见题型，它要求学生在理解原文具体细节的基础上，结合日常生活常识，对文章中未直接表述的信息进行合理推断，得出正确结论。这类题型既考查学生对原文细节的把握能力，又考查学生的逻辑思维能力和常识应用能力，但推理难度较低，不需要进行深层次、复杂的逻辑推演，核心原则是 “基于原文细节，不做过度延伸”。 从题型特点来看，推理判断题的题干通常不会直接要求学生提取原文信息，而是会通过一些标志性词语引导学生进行推断，常见的提问方式包括： What can we infer from the passage?（从文章中我们可以推断出什么？） What does the writer probably mean by...?（作者说…… 可能是什么意思？） What can we know about... from the passage?（从文章中我们可以了解到关于…… 的什么信息？） Which of the following is probably true according to the passage?（根据文章，下列哪一项可能是正确的？） How might... feel after...?（在…… 之后，…… 可能会有怎样的感受？） 从考查方向来看，推理判断题主要分为以下几类： 态度情感推理：要求学生根据原文中人物的言行、表情、处境等细节，结合常识推断人物的态度或情感，如开心、难过、生气、惊讶、担心等。例如，原文中描述 “Mary looked at her test paper, tears in her eyes, and threw it on the desk.”，结合常识 “考试后流泪、扔试卷通常是因为成绩不好而难过生气”，可推断出 Mary 此时的情感是 “sad and angry”。 因果关系推理：要求学生根据原文中提到的某一事件或现象，结合常识推断其原因或结果。例如，原文中提到 “There was a heavy rain last night. This morning, the ground is all wet.”，结合常识 “大雨会导致地面潮湿”，可推断出 “the heavy rain caused the ground to be wet”；若原文中只提到 “the ground is all wet this morning”，结合常识 “导致地面潮湿的常见原因是下雨”，可推断出 “there might have been a rain last night”。 行为动作推理：要求学生根据原文中人物的处境、需求、目标等细节，结合常识推断人物可能会采取的行为动作。例如，原文中提到 “Tom is very hungry and there is a bakery next to his home.”，结合常识 “饥饿时会去面包店买食物”，可推断出 “Tom might go to the bakery to buy some bread”。 信息补充推理：要求学生根据原文中已有的信息，结合常识推断出文章中未直接提及但合理的补充信息。例如，原文中提到 “Lucy usually goes to school by bike. Today her bike is broken.”，结合常识 “自行车坏了会选择其他交通方式去学校”，可推断出 “Lucy might go to school by bus or on foot today”。 需要注意的是，推理判断题的推断结果必须以原文细节为基础，不能脱离原文进行主观臆断；同时，推断结果要符合日常生活常识，不能违背常理。例如，原文中提到 “Tom is in the classroom and the bell for class is ringing.”，结合常识 “上课铃响了学生应回到座位准备上课”，可推断出 “Tom might go back to his seat”，但不能推断出 “Tom might go to the playground to play”，因为这既不符合原文中 “在教室” 的细节，也不符合 “上课铃响后的常规行为” 这一常识。 2.2 “细节 + 常识” 的解题步骤与核心技巧 解答推理判断题的核心方法是 “细节 + 常识”，即先准确找到原文中的相关细节，作为推理的依据；再结合日常生活中公认的、普遍的常识，对细节进行合理分析和推断，得出正确答案。其具体解题步骤如下： 2.2.1步骤一：通读题干，明确推理方向 首先，仔细阅读题干，理解题干的提问意图，明确需要推断的内容是人物情感、因果关系、行为动作还是补充信息等，确定推理方向。例如，题干 “What can we infer about Tom's feeling from his action?” 明确指出推理方向是 “Tom 的情感”，且推理依据是 “his action”（他的行为）；题干 “Why might the park be crowded on Sunday?” 明确指出推理方向是 “公园周日拥挤的原因”。 在明确推理方向的过程中，要特别注意题干中的标志性词语，如 “infer”“probably”“might”“could” 等，这些词语表明题目需要进行推理，而不是直接提取原文信息。同时，要排除题干中的干扰信息，聚焦于与推理方向相关的关键内容。 2.2.2步骤二：定位原文细节，确定推理依据 根据题干中的关键信息（如人物、事件、时间、地点等），回到原文中定位与之相关的细节内容，这些细节是进行推理的唯一依据，必须准确、全面。例如，题干要求推断 “Mary 对考试结果的感受”，可通过题干中的 “Mary”“exam result” 等关键信息，在原文中找到描述 Mary 与考试相关的细节，如 “Mary opened her exam paper, saw the low score, and put her head down without saying a word.”。 在定位原文细节时，可借鉴细节题的 “题干定位法”，圈画题干中的定位词，如专有名词、核心动词、名词等，快速找到原文中的对应段落和句子。同时，要注意原文细节的完整性，不能只截取部分细节进行推理，否则可能导致推理结果偏差。例如，原文中提到 “Tom didn't go to school today. His mom said he was not feeling well.”，若只截取 “Tom didn't go to school today” 这一细节，可能会推断出 “Tom was lazy”，但结合 “his mom said he was not feeling well” 这一完整细节，正确的推断应是 “Tom might be ill”。 2.2.3步骤三：结合日常生活常识，进行合理推断 在找到原文相关细节后，结合日常生活中积累的常识（如社会规范、行为习惯、自然规律、情感逻辑等），对细节进行分析和推理，得出符合逻辑的结论。例如，原文细节 “The sky is dark, and the wind is blowing strongly. People are carrying umbrellas.”，结合常识 “天空黑暗、刮大风、人们带伞通常是下雨的前兆或正在下雨”，可推断出 “it might rain soon or it is raining now”。 在结合常识进行推断时，要注意以下几点： 常识的普遍性：所运用的常识必须是大多数人公认的、符合普遍规律的，不能是个人独特的、小众的观点或习惯。例如，不能根据自己 “喜欢在下雨天去公园” 的个人习惯，推断出 “所有人在下雨天都喜欢去公园”。 推理的适度性：推理要基于原文细节，在常识的范围内进行，不能超出原文信息和常识的界限进行过度推断。例如，原文中提到 “Lucy likes reading books.”，结合常识 “喜欢读书的人可能会去图书馆”，可推断出 “Lucy might go to the library sometimes”，但不能推断出 “Lucy is the most knowledgeable person in her class”，因为 “喜欢读书” 与 “最有知识” 之间没有必然的直接联系，属于过度推断。 逻辑的合理性：推理过程要符合逻辑，不能出现逻辑漏洞或矛盾。例如，原文中提到 “Tom is taller than Mike, and Mike is taller than John.”，结合常识 “身高比较的传递性”，可推断出 “Tom is taller than John”，这一推理符合逻辑；但不能推断出 “Tom is the tallest in the world”，因为原文只涉及 Tom、Mike、John 三人的身高比较，没有与世界上其他人的身高进行对比，逻辑上不成立。 2.2.4步骤四：分析选项，排除错误答案，确定正确选项 将推理得出的结论与题目选项进行对比，分析每个选项是否符合原文细节和常识推断的结果，排除错误选项，确定正确答案。推理判断题的错误选项通常具有以下特点： 与原文细节矛盾：选项内容与原文中找到的推理依据（细节）直接相反，不符合原文信息。例如，原文细节 “Mary passed the exam with a high score.”，选项 “Mary failed the exam” 与原文细节矛盾，应排除。 无原文细节支撑：选项内容在原文中没有任何相关细节作为推理依据，属于凭空捏造的信息。例如，原文中未提及任何关于 “Tom's favorite color” 的细节，选项 “Tom's favorite color is blue” 无原文支撑，应排除。 过度推断：选项内容超出了原文细节和常识的合理范围，进行了不必要的延伸。例如，原文细节 “Lucy planted a small tree in her garden.”，选项 “Lucy will become a famous gardener in the future” 属于过度推断，应排除。 违背常识：选项内容虽然可能与原文细节有一定关联，但不符合日常生活常识。例如，原文细节 “It is winter now, and the temperature is -10℃.”，选项 “Lucy is wearing a skirt and sandals outside” 违背 “冬天寒冷应穿保暖衣物” 的常识，应排除。 2.3 推理判断题实例分析与答题思路 为了让学生更清晰地掌握 “细节 + 常识” 的解题方法，下面结合具体的阅读材料和题目进行实例分析与解题示范。 【阅读材料 1（记叙文）】 Lisa is a 15-year-old student in Grade 9. Yesterday was her birthday. When she got home from school, she saw a big box on the table. Her parents were smiling at her. Lisa opened the box carefully. Inside, there was a new laptop. Lisa's eyes lit up, and she jumped up and down, hugging her parents tightly. She said, "Thank you so much! This is the best birthday gift I have ever received!" 题目 1（态度情感推理）： How did Lisa feel when she saw the new laptop in the box? A. Sad. B. Angry. C. Excited. D. Worried. 【答题思路】 步骤一：通读题干，明确推理方向 题干要求推断 “Lisa 看到盒子里的新笔记本电脑时的感受”，推理方向是 “Lisa 的情感”，且推理依据是 “she saw the new laptop in the box” 这一情境下的行为表现。 步骤二：定位原文细节，确定推理依据 根据题干中的关键信息 “Lisa”“new laptop in the box”，在原文中定位相关细节：“Lisa opened the box carefully. Inside, there was a new laptop. Lisa's eyes lit up, and she jumped up and down, hugging her parents tightly. She said, "Thank you so much! This is the best birthday gift I have ever received!"” 其中，“eyes lit up”（眼睛发亮）、“jumped up and down”（跳来跳去）、“hugging her parents tightly”（紧紧拥抱父母）、“Thank you so much”（非常感谢）、“the best birthday gift”（最好的生日礼物）这些细节，都是 Lisa 看到新笔记本电脑后的反应，是推断其情感的关键依据。 步骤三：结合日常生活常识，进行合理推断 结合常识可知：当人们收到自己喜欢的礼物时，通常会表现出积极的情绪，如眼睛发亮、兴奋地跳跃、拥抱他人并表达感谢等，这些行为对应的情感是 “兴奋、开心”（excited/happy）。原文中 Lisa 的一系列行为与 “收到喜爱礼物时的兴奋表现” 完全相符，因此可推断出 Lisa 此时的感受是 “excited”。 步骤四：分析选项，排除错误答案，确定正确选项 对比选项： A 选项 “Sad”（难过的）：与原文中 Lisa 积极的行为表现矛盾，排除； B 选项 “Angry”（生气的）：与原文细节和常识均不符，排除； C 选项 “Excited”（兴奋的）：符合原文细节和常识推断结果，正确； D 选项 “Worried”（担心的）：与原文细节和常识均不符，排除。 因此，本题的正确答案是 C。 【阅读材料 2（说明文）】 In many parts of the world, people celebrate Christmas on December 25th. Before Christmas, people usually decorate their houses with Christmas trees, lights, and colorful balls. They also buy gifts for their family and friends. On Christmas Eve, many families have a big dinner together. Children often put stockings by the fireplace, hoping that Santa Claus will put presents in them during the night. 题目 2（行为动作推理）： What might children do on Christmas Eve according to the passage? A. Go to school early. B. Put stockings by the fireplace. C. Decorate the Christmas tree alone. D. Cook dinner for their families. 【答题思路】 步骤一：通读题干，明确推理方向 题干要求推断 “根据文章，孩子们在平安夜可能会做什么”，推理方向是 “孩子们在平安夜的行为动作”，推理依据是原文中关于 “Christmas Eve” 和 “children” 的相关描述。 步骤二：定位原文细节，确定推理依据 根据题干中的关键信息 “children”“Christmas Eve”，在原文中定位相关细节：“On Christmas Eve, many families have a big dinner together. Children often put stockings by the fireplace, hoping that Santa Claus will put presents in them during the night.” 其中，“Children often put stockings by the fireplace” 明确描述了孩子们在平安夜的常见行为，是推理的核心依据。 步骤三：结合日常生活常识，进行合理推断 结合常识可知：“often”（经常）表示一种习惯性、普遍性的行为 ，在平安夜这个特定场景下，孩子们 “经常把长袜放在壁炉旁” 的行为是合理且符合节日习俗的，因此可以推断出 “孩子们在平安夜可能会把长袜放在壁炉旁”。 步骤四：分析选项，排除错误答案，确定正确选项 对比选项： A 选项 “Go to school early”（早早去上学）：平安夜通常是节日前夕，学校可能已放假或不会要求学生早早到校，且原文未提及任何与 “上学” 相关的信息，无原文支撑，排除； B 选项 “Put stockings by the fireplace”（把长袜放在壁炉旁）：与原文细节 “Children often put stockings by the fireplace” 一致，符合常识推断，正确； C 选项 “Decorate the Christmas tree alone”（独自装饰圣诞树）：原文中提到 “Before Christmas, people usually decorate their houses with Christmas trees...”，这里的 “people” 指家人共同行动，且 “alone”（独自）在原文中未提及，属于无中生有，排除； D 选项 “Cook dinner for their families”（为家人做晚餐）：原文中提到 “On Christmas Eve, many families have a big dinner together”，但未提及 “孩子们做饭”，且结合常识，通常是家人共同准备或长辈做饭，该选项无原文支撑且不符合常识，排除。 因此，本题的正确答案是 B。 【阅读材料 3（记叙文）】 It was a hot summer afternoon. Tom and his friends went to the park to play basketball. They played for about two hours. Tom felt very thirsty. He looked around and saw a small shop not far from the basketball court. He told his friends he would be back soon, then walked towards the shop. 题目 3（因果关系推理）： Why did Tom walk towards the shop? A. Because he wanted to buy a basketball. B. Because he felt thirsty and wanted to buy something to drink. C. Because his friends asked him to go there. D. Because he wanted to rest in the shop. 【答题思路】 步骤一：通读题干，明确推理方向 题干要求推断 “Tom 为什么走向商店”，推理方向是 “Tom 走向商店的原因”，推理依据是原文中关于 Tom 走向商店前的情境描述。 步骤二：定位原文细节，确定推理依据 根据题干中的关键信息 “Tom”“walk towards the shop”，在原文中定位相关细节：“It was a hot summer afternoon... They played for about two hours. Tom felt very thirsty. He looked around and saw a small shop not far from the basketball court. He told his friends he would be back soon, then walked towards the shop.” 其中，“hot summer afternoon”（炎热的夏日午后）、“played for about two hours”（打了大约两小时篮球）、“felt very thirsty”（感到非常口渴）是 Tom 走向商店前的关键情境细节，是推断原因的核心依据。 步骤三：结合日常生活常识，进行合理推断 结合常识可知：在炎热的天气下进行剧烈运动（如打篮球）后感到口渴，此时看到附近有商店，最合理的行为是去商店购买饮品解渴。原文中 Tom 的处境（炎热、运动后口渴）与 “去商店买水” 的行为存在直接的因果关系，因此可推断出 Tom 走向商店的原因是 “感到口渴，想购买饮品”。 步骤四：分析选项，排除错误答案，确定正确选项 对比选项： A 选项 “Because he wanted to buy a basketball”（因为他想买一个篮球）：原文中 Tom 和朋友已经在打篮球，且未提及 “篮球损坏需要购买”，无原文支撑，排除； B 选项 “Because he felt thirsty and wanted to buy something to drink”（因为他感到口渴，想买点喝的）：与原文细节 “Tom felt very thirsty” 和 “saw a small shop” 一致，符合 “口渴去商店买饮品” 的常识，正确； C 选项 “Because his friends asked him to go there”（因为他的朋友让他去那里）：原文中提到 “He told his friends he would be back soon”，说明是 Tom 主动告知朋友要离开，并非朋友要求，与原文细节矛盾，排除； D 选项 “Because he wanted to rest in the shop”（因为他想在商店里休息）：原文中未提及 “Tom 感到疲惫需要休息”，且 “口渴” 是更直接的情境细节，该选项无原文支撑，排除。 因此，本题的正确答案是 B。 2.4 推理判断题常见易错点与应对策略 在解答推理判断题时，学生常因对 “推理边界” 把握不当、常识应用错误或忽略原文细节等问题导致答题失误。以下总结常见易错点及针对性策略： 2.4.1易错点 1：脱离原文细节，仅凭主观臆断推理 部分学生在解题时，未充分定位原文细节，而是仅凭自己的生活经验或主观想法进行推理，导致结论与原文意图不符。例如，原文中仅提到 “Lucy has a dog”，学生就主观推断 “Lucy's dog is white”，但 “狗的颜色” 在原文中无任何细节支撑，属于凭空臆断。 【应对策略】始终牢记 “原文细节是推理的唯一依据”，解题时必须先在原文中找到与题干相关的具体细节，并用笔画出作为标记。推理前反复确认：“我的推断是否有原文细节支撑？” 若找不到对应细节，即使选项内容符合常识，也不能选择。例如，若选项中出现 “Lucy's dog is white”，但原文未提及狗的颜色，无论 “白色狗是否常见”，都应排除该选项。 2.4.2易错点 2：过度延伸推理范围，超出合理界限 学生容易在原文细节的基础上，进行不必要的延伸推理，将 “可能发生” 的情况绝对化为 “必然发生”，或添加原文未提及的额外信息。例如，原文中提到 “Tom plans to learn English next term”，学生却推断 “Tom will become an English teacher in the future”，从 “计划学英语” 到 “成为英语老师” 之间存在多个未证实的环节（如是否坚持学习、是否选择相关专业等），属于过度延伸。 【应对策略】明确推理的 “适度原则”，只推导 “原文细节可直接支撑的结论”，不添加额外假设。判断是否过度延伸的方法是：思考 “若原文细节为 A，选项结论为 B，A 是否能直接推出 B，无需其他条件？” 若需要额外条件（如 “Tom 坚持学英语”“Tom 选择英语专业”）才能从 A 推出 B，则属于过度延伸。例如，从 “Tom plans to learn English next term” 只能推出 “Tom has an intention to learn English”，而不能推出 “Tom will become an English teacher”。 2.4.3易错点 3：误用常识，忽略常识的普遍性与情境性 部分学生在应用常识时，要么使用 “小众化” 的个人经验（而非普遍常识），要么忽略常识的情境适应性，导致推理错误。例如，原文中提到 “People in some cold regions like to eat hot food”，学生却根据自己 “夏天不爱吃热食” 的个人习惯，推断 “People in cold regions don't eat hot food in summer”，这一推理既违背 “寒冷地区人群偏好热食” 的普遍常识，也忽略了原文中 “cold regions” 的特定情境。 【应对策略】首先，明确 “常识” 需符合大多数人的普遍认知，如 “冬天寒冷需穿厚衣”“口渴需喝水” 等，避免使用个人独特习惯作为推理依据。其次，结合原文情境选择合适的常识，例如在 “寒冷地区” 情境下，“偏好热食” 是普遍常识，即使在夏天，该地区人群也可能因气候特点继续选择热食，不能用 “夏天普遍爱吃冷食” 的常识套用。解题时可问自己：“这个常识是否适用于原文描述的情境？” 2.4.4易错点 4：混淆 “直接信息” 与 “推理信息” 推理判断题要求学生推导 “原文未直接表述” 的信息，但部分学生将原文中已明确给出的直接信息当作 “推理结果”，或误将需要推理的信息当作 “直接信息” 忽略。例如，原文中直接提到 “Mary is happy because she passed the exam”，若题干问 “What can we infer about Mary?”，学生却选择 “Mary passed the exam”（直接信息），而非 “Mary feels satisfied with her exam result”（推理信息），导致答题偏差。 【应对策略】先区分 “直接信息” 与 “推理信息”—— 直接信息是原文中明确表述的句子（如 “Mary passed the exam”），推理信息是原文未明说，但可通过细节推导的结论（如 “Mary feels satisfied”）。解题时，若选项内容与原文某句话完全一致，且题干要求 “infer”（推断），则该选项大概率是错误的（属于直接信息，无需推理）；若选项内容需结合原文细节和常识才能得出，则为正确的推理信息。 3.观点态度题 ——“情感词判断” 快速突破 3.1 观点态度题的题型特点与考查方向 观点态度题是九年级英语阅读中考查 “作者或文中人物对某事物的看法、情感倾向” 的题型，其核心是通过识别原文中的 “情感词” 或 “态度词”，判断作者或人物的立场（支持、反对、中立）或情感（积极、消极、客观）。这类题型的难度较低，因为九年级阅读材料中的情感表达通常较为直白，很少出现隐晦的态度暗示，核心原则是 “情感词定方向，原文细节定程度”。 从题型特点来看，观点态度题的题干通常明确指向 “某人对某事物的态度 / 看法”，常见提问方式包括： What is the writer's attitude towards...?（作者对…… 的态度是什么？） How does the author feel about...?（作者对…… 的感受如何？） What does the passage tell us about the writer's opinion on...?（文章表明作者对…… 的观点是什么？） Which word can best describe the author's feeling towards...?（哪个词最能描述作者对…… 的感受？） 从考查方向来看，观点态度题主要分为两类： 作者态度题：考查对全文作者整体观点或对文中某一特定事物（如现象、措施、观点）的态度，这是观点态度题的主流类型。例如，作者对 “线上学习”“环境保护”“垃圾分类” 等事物的态度。 人物态度题：考查文中某一特定人物对另一事物（如他人行为、某件事、某个物品）的态度，通常需要结合人物的言行、情感词判断。例如，文中 Tom 对 “新学校” 的态度，Mary 对 “朋友帮助” 的态度。 从态度倾向来看，九年级英语阅读中的观点态度主要分为三类： 积极态度：支持、赞同、喜爱、满意、赞赏等，对应的情感词如 “happy, helpful, important, wonderful, excellent, necessary, useful” 等。 消极态度：反对、批评、厌恶、不满、担忧等，对应的情感词如 “bad, harmful, dangerous, terrible, boring, useless, worrying” 等。 中立态度：客观描述、不偏不倚，无明显积极或消极倾向，文中通常不出现强烈情感词，而是以 “introduce, explain, describe, present” 等中性词为主，常见于说明文（如介绍某动物习性、某发明原理）。 需要注意的是，九年级阅读中的观点态度题很少考查 “复杂态度”（如 “既支持又反对”），多为 “单一明确态度”，因此通过情感词即可快速判断。 3.2 “情感词判断法” 的解题步骤与核心技巧 解答观点态度题的核心方法是 “情感词判断法”，即通过定位原文中描述 “某事物” 的情感词（形容词、副词、动词等），判断作者或人物的态度倾向。其具体解题步骤如下： 3.2.1步骤一：明确题干核心 ——“谁对什么的态度” 首先，仔细阅读题干，确定两个关键要素：态度主体（谁的态度，如 the writer, Tom, Mary）和态度对象（对什么的态度，如 online courses, smoking, the new park）。例如，题干 “What is the writer's attitude towards online courses?” 中，态度主体是 “the writer”（作者），态度对象是 “online courses”（线上课程）。 明确这两个要素的目的是：在原文中精准定位 “态度主体评价态度对象” 的段落或句子，避免因混淆 “主体” 或 “对象” 导致定位偏差。例如，若题干问 “作者对线上课程的态度”，就无需关注 “学生对线上课程的态度”，即使原文提及，也不是解题关键。 3.2.2步骤二：定位原文 —— 寻找 “态度主体评价态度对象” 的情感词 根据 “态度主体” 和 “态度对象”，回到原文中查找相关段落，重点关注描述 “态度对象” 的形容词、副词、动词或名词，这些词语往往直接体现态度倾向。例如，若态度对象是 “online courses”，则重点寻找如 “helpful”“useful”“convenient”（积极情感词）或 “boring”“ineffective”“troublesome”（消极情感词）等词汇。 常见的情感词分类如下： 积极态度： helpful, useful, convenient, wonderful, excellent, happy, satisfied, important, necessary support, praise, like, enjoy, recommend, encourage benefit, advantage, progress, success 消极态度： bad, harmful, dangerous, boring, useless, difficult, terrible, worrying, sad, angry oppose, criticize, dislike, hate, complain, warn problem, disadvantage, danger, failure 中立态度： objective, neutral, factual, descriptive, informative introduce, explain, describe, present, state fact, information, introduction, explanation 在定位情感词时，需注意 “情感词与态度对象的直接关联”。例如，原文中提到 “Online courses are helpful because they allow students to study at any time”，“helpful” 直接修饰 “online courses”，是判断作者对 “线上课程” 态度的关键词；若原文中提到 “Some students find online courses helpful”，则 “helpful” 是 “学生” 的态度，而非 “作者” 的态度，需结合上下文判断作者是否认同学生的观点（如作者后续是否补充 “Indeed, online courses bring many benefits”，则表明作者也持积极态度）。 3.2.3步骤三：根据情感词判断态度倾向，排除矛盾选项 找到关键情感词后，根据其倾向（积极、消极、中立），对选项进行分类： 若情感词为积极类（如 helpful, useful），则排除消极和中立倾向的选项； 若情感词为消极类（如 bad, harmful），则排除积极和中立倾向的选项； 若情感词为中立类（如 describe, explain），则排除积极和消极倾向的选项。 例如，原文中提到 “Smoking is bad for health and can cause lung cancer”，“bad” 和 “cause lung cancer” 是消极情感词，因此作者对 “吸烟” 的态度是 “反对”，选项中若出现 “support”（支持）或 “neutral”（中立），则直接排除。 步骤四：结合上下文验证，确认态度一致性 若原文中对同一态度对象出现多个情感词，需确认这些情感词的倾向是否一致，避免因片面截取信息导致判断错误。例如，原文中提到 “Online courses are convenient, but they require students to have self-discipline. However, overall, they are helpful for most students”，其中 “convenient”“helpful” 是积极情感词，“require self-discipline” 是客观描述（非消极），整体倾向仍为积极，因此作者对线上课程持支持态度。 若原文中未出现直接情感词，而是通过 “事实描述” 间接表达态度（如 “Many people in the city have stopped driving cars because of the high fuel cost”，通过 “人们停止开车” 的事实，间接说明 “高油价对人们出行的影响”，但作者未表达 “支持或反对高油价” 的态度，此时态度为中立），需结合 “是否有隐含评价” 判断：若事实描述中无褒贬色彩，则为中立态度；若事实描述带有倾向性（如 “Thanks to the high fuel cost, the air quality in the city has improved”，“thanks to” 隐含积极评价），则根据隐含倾向判断。 3.3 观点态度题实例分析与答题思路 下面结合不同体裁的阅读材料，通过实例展示 “情感词判断法” 的应用： 【阅读材料 1（议论文）】 Nowadays, more and more students use e-books for studying. E-books have many advantages. First, they are light and easy to carry. Students don't need to carry heavy paper books in their schoolbags. Second, e-books are cheaper than paper books. Many e-books are even free online. Third, e-books allow students to search for key words quickly, which helps them save time when doing homework. However, some students say e-books may hurt their eyes if they read for a long time. But overall, e-books are a useful tool for students' study. 题目 1（作者态度题）： What is the writer's attitude towards e-books? A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Neutral. D. Doubtful. 【答题思路】 步骤一：明确题干核心 态度主体：the writer（作者）；态度对象：e-books（电子书）。需寻找作者对 “电子书” 的评价，而非文中 “学生” 对电子书的态度。 步骤二：定位原文情感词 阅读原文，寻找作者描述 “e-books” 的情感词： 明确提到 “E-books have many advantages”（电子书有很多优点），“advantages”（优点）是积极类名词； 具体描述优点时，用 “light and easy to carry”（轻便易携带）、“cheaper”（更便宜）、“free online”（在线免费）、“save time”（节省时间）等积极属性词； 结尾处明确总结 “overall, e-books are a useful tool”（总体而言，电子书是有用的工具），“useful”（有用的）是核心积极情感词。 虽然原文提到 “e-books may hurt their eyes”（电子书可能伤眼），但这是 “some students” 的观点，且作者用 “however”“but overall” 转折，强调 “总体有用”，因此作者的情感倾向以积极为主。 步骤三：根据情感词判断选项 积极情感词（advantages, useful）表明作者态度为 “积极支持”，对比选项： A 选项 “Positive”（积极的）：符合情感词倾向，正确； B 选项 “Negative”（消极的）：与 “advantages, useful” 矛盾，排除； C 选项 “Neutral”（中立的）：作者明确表达 “有用” 的评价，非中立，排除； D 选项 “Doubtful”（怀疑的）：原文无 “怀疑” 相关情感词（如 doubtful, uncertain），排除。 因此，本题的正确答案是 A。 【阅读材料 2（记叙文）】 When Amy moved to a new neighborhood, she was worried she wouldn't make friends. One day, she saw a girl planting flowers in the garden next door. The girl smiled and said, "Hi! I'm Lily. Do you want to help me?" Amy was happy and joined her. They talked while planting. Later, Lily invited Amy to her home for cookies. Amy found Lily was very kind and friendly. Now, they play together every weekend. Amy is glad she moved to this neighborhood. 题目 2（人物态度题）： How does Amy feel about moving to the new neighborhood now? A. Worried. B. Glad. C. Angry. D. Bored. 【答题思路】 步骤一：明确题干核心 态度主体：Amy；态度对象：moving to the new neighborhood now（现在搬到新社区这件事）。注意题干中的 “now”（现在），需区分 Amy “最初” 和 “现在” 的态度差异。 步骤二：定位原文情感词 寻找 Amy 对 “搬到新社区” 的态度描述，重点关注 “now” 对应的细节： 最初态度：“Amy was worried she wouldn't make friends”（担心交不到朋友），“worried” 是消极情感词，但对应 “最初”，非 “现在”； 现在态度：结尾处明确提到 “Amy is glad she moved to this neighborhood”（Amy 很高兴搬到这个社区），“glad”（高兴的）是核心积极情感词，且直接对应 “now” 的时间限定。 步骤三：根据情感词判断选项 “glad” 表明 Amy 现在的态度是 “高兴的”，对比选项： A 选项 “Worried”（担心的）：是 Amy 最初的态度，非现在，排除； B 选项 “Glad”（高兴的）：与原文 “glad” 完全一致，正确； C 选项 “Angry”（生气的）：原文无 “生气” 相关描述（如 angry, upset），排除； D 选项 “Bored”（无聊的）：原文提到 “Amy 和 Lily 每周一起玩”，与 “无聊” 矛盾，排除。 因此，本题的正确答案是 B。 【阅读材料 3（说明文）】 The polar bear lives in the Arctic region. It has thick white fur that helps it keep warm in cold weather. Polar bears mainly eat seals. They can swim for a long time in the cold sea to find food. However, due to global warming, the ice in the Arctic is melting. This makes it harder for polar bears to find food and live. Scientists say we need to take action to protect polar bears. 题目 3（作者态度题）： What is the writer's attitude towards polar bears' situation? A. Unconcerned. B. Worried. C. Excited. D. Satisfied. 【答题思路】 步骤一：明确题干核心 态度主体：the writer；态度对象：polar bears' situation（北极熊的处境）。 步骤二：定位原文情感词 寻找作者描述 “北极熊处境” 的情感词： 描述处境：“due to global warming, the ice is melting”（因全球变暖，冰正在融化），“makes it harder for polar bears to find food and live”（使北极熊更难觅食和生存），“harder”（更困难的）是消极属性词，暗示处境危险； 作者观点：“Scientists say we need to take action to protect polar bears”（科学家称我们需要采取行动保护北极熊），“need to protect”（需要保护）隐含对北极熊处境的担忧 —— 只有当处境危险时，才需要 “保护”。 步骤三：根据情感词判断选项 消极属性词（harder）和隐含态度（need to protect）表明作者态度为 “担忧”，对比选项： A 选项 “Unconcerned”（不关心的）：与 “need to protect” 矛盾，排除； B 选项 “Worried”（担忧的）：符合 “处境困难、需要保护” 的隐含态度，正确； C 选项 “Excited”（兴奋的）：与 “harder to live” 矛盾，排除； D 选项 “Satisfied”（满意的）：与北极熊艰难处境完全不符，排除。 因此，本题的正确答案是 B。 3.4 观点态度题常见易错点与应对策略 观点态度题虽难度较低，但学生易因 “混淆态度主体 / 对象”“忽略情感词转折” 等问题出错，以下总结易错点及应对策略： 3.4.1易错点 1：混淆 “态度主体”，误将 “他人态度” 当作 “作者态度” 学生常未明确态度主体，将文中其他人物的态度（如 “some students”“experts”“Amy's friend”）当作作者态度。例如，原文中 “Some people think online shopping is unsafe”，学生却推断 “作者认为网购不安全”，但作者可能未表达自身观点，或后续反驳了该观点。 【应对策略】解题时用 “圈画法” 标注题干中的 “态度主体”（如 the writer, Amy），并在原文中寻找该主体的直接表述（如作者常用 “we”“I think”“overall”，人物常用 “he said”“she felt”）。若原文出现 “他人观点”（如 some people say, experts believe），需确认作者是否有 “赞同 / 反对” 的明确表态（如用 “however”“in fact” 转折，或用 “as we all know”“it is true that” 赞同），无表态则作者态度为中立。 3.4.2易错点 2：忽略 “情感词的转折关系”，片面截取信息 原文中常出现 “先提缺点，再强调优点” 或 “先描述问题，再表达担忧” 的转折结构，学生若只截取前半部分的情感词，会误判态度。例如，原文中 “Online games can be fun, but they are harmful if played too much”，学生只看到 “fun”（积极），就推断作者支持网游，忽略 “but harmful”（消极）的核心态度。 【应对策略】关注原文中的转折词（but, however, yet, while, on the other hand）和总结词（overall, in conclusion, generally），这些词后的内容往往是作者的核心态度。解题时先找到转折 / 总结词，重点分析其后的情感词，再结合前文内容综合判断。例如，上述例子中 “but” 后的 “harmful” 是核心，作者对 “过度玩网游” 持消极态度。 3.4.3易错点 3：误将 “客观描述” 当作 “情感态度” 部分说明文会客观描述事物的属性（如 “the desert is dry”“the computer is fast”），这些描述无褒贬色彩，属于 “客观事实”，但学生易将其当作 “积极 / 消极态度”。例如，原文中 “the mobile phone is small and easy to carry”，学生推断 “作者支持使用手机”，但 “小、易携带” 只是客观属性，作者未表达 “支持 / 反对” 的态度。 【应对策略】区分 “客观属性词” 与 “情感态度词”—— 客观属性词（如 small, dry, fast, long）仅描述事物特征，无褒贬；情感态度词（如 useful, harmful, wonderful, terrible）带有主观评价。若原文只有客观描述，无情感态度词，且无 “need to”“should” 等隐含态度的表述，则作者态度为中立。 3.4.4易错点 4：对 “隐含态度词” 敏感度不足 部分原文不直接使用 “happy”“worried” 等明显情感词，而是通过 “建议类词汇”（如 should, need to, must）或 “结果类词汇”（如 helpful, harmful, dangerous）隐含态度，学生易忽略这些隐含信息。例如，原文中 “Scientists suggest we plant more trees to reduce air pollution”，“suggest”（建议）隐含 “空气污染问题需要解决” 的担忧态度，但学生可能误判为中立。 【应对策略】积累 “隐含态度词”，如： 积极隐含词：help, improve, benefit, suggest (good action), recommend（建议、推荐）； 消极隐含词：harm, damage, danger, need to protect, warn（危害、警告、需要保护）。 解题时若发现这些词汇，结合上下文判断其指向的态度对象，进而确定态度倾向。 4.核心解题方法总结与实战训练 4.1 方法总结：三类题型核心解题方法 为帮助学生快速梳理本专题重点，现将细节题、推理判断题、观点态度题的核心解题方法整理如下： 题型 核心原则 关键步骤 易错点 细节理解题 原文找依据，不凭空想 1. 圈画题干定位词（人名、时间、数字、核心名词 / 动词）；2. 回原文找对应句子；3. 比对选项与原文，排除无中生有、偷换概念项。 1. 忽视题干限定条件（如时间、地点）；2. 对同义替换不敏感；3. 比对时粗心忽略细节差异。 推理判断题 细节为基础，常识做辅助 1. 明确推理方向（情感、因果、行为）；2. 定位原文细节；3. 结合普遍常识推断；4. 排除过度延伸、违背常识项。 1. 脱离原文细节，主观臆断；2. 过度延伸推理范围；3. 误用个人经验代替普遍常识。 观点态度题 情感词定方向，上下文验证 1. 明确态度主体与对象；2. 定位情感词（显性 / 隐含）；3. 结合转折 / 总结词判断核心态度；4. 排除矛盾、中立项。 1. 混淆态度主体（他人 vs 作者）；2. 忽略情感词转折；3. 对隐含态度词不敏感。 4.2 技巧运用：综合阅读与解析展示 以下提供一篇完整的九年级英语阅读材料及题目，涵盖三类题型，帮助学生应用所学方法解题： 【阅读材料（说明文）】 Volunteering is a great way to help others and make the world a better place. Every year, millions of people around the world take part in volunteering activities. Some volunteers work in hospitals, helping doctors take care of patients. Others help clean parks or streets to keep the environment tidy. There are also volunteers who teach children in poor areas, giving them knowledge and hope. Volunteering not only helps others but also benefits volunteers themselves. When you volunteer, you can meet new people and make friends. You can also learn new skills, such as communication and teamwork. These skills are useful for your future study and work. Additionally, volunteering makes you feel happy and proud, because you know you are doing something meaningful. However, some people think volunteering takes too much time and they are too busy with work or study. But if you plan your time well, you can still find time to volunteer. Even a few hours a month can make a difference. 1.Where do some volunteers work to help take care of patients? A. In parks. B. In hospitals. C. In schools. D. In streets. 2.What can we infer about volunteering from the passage? A. It is only for adults. B. It helps volunteers gain useful skills. C. It takes a lot of time every week. D. It can make volunteers rich. 3.What is the writer's attitude towards volunteering? A. Supportive. B. Negative. C. Neutral. D. Doubtful. 【答题思路】 题目 1（细节题）： 步骤一：圈画定位词 题干定位词：“volunteers work”“help take care of patients”（核心动作）。 步骤二：回原文找对应句子 原文第一段：“Some volunteers work in hospitals, helping doctors take care of patients.” 其中 “helping doctors take care of patients” 与题干完全对应，“hospitals” 是地点。 步骤三：比对选项 B 选项 “In hospitals” 与原文一致，正确；A（parks）、D（streets）是 “清洁环境” 的地点，C（schools）是 “教孩子” 的地点，均与 “照顾病人” 无关，排除。 答案：B 题目 2（推理判断题）： 步骤一：明确推理方向 推断 “关于志愿服务可得出的结论”，需基于原文细节 + 常识。 步骤二：定位原文细节 原文第二段：“You can also learn new skills, such as communication and teamwork. These skills are useful for your future study and work.” 步骤三：结合常识推断 “学到的沟通、团队合作技能对未来有用”，可推断 “志愿服务帮助志愿者获得有用技能”，符合常识（技能对学习工作有益）。 步骤四：排除错误选项 A（only for adults）：原文未提 “仅成年人可参与”，无支撑；C（a lot of time every week）：原文说 “每月几小时即可”，与 “每周大量时间” 矛盾；D（make rich）：原文未提 “赚钱”，无支撑。 答案：B 题目 3（观点态度题）： 步骤一：明确态度主体与对象 主体：the writer；对象：volunteering（志愿服务）。 步骤二：定位情感词 第一段：“great way to help others”（好方式）、“make the world better”（让世界更好）（积极）； 第二段：“benefits volunteers themselves”（有益志愿者）、“useful skills”（有用技能）、“feel happy and proud”（开心自豪）、“meaningful”（有意义）（积极）； 第三段：“but if you plan well, you can still volunteer”“a few hours a month can make a difference”（反驳 “没时间”，鼓励参与）。 步骤三：判断态度 大量积极情感词 + 鼓励参与，表明作者态度为 “支持”。 答案：A 4.3 实践拓展：日常学习中的备考建议与答题技巧 为帮助学生在考试中更高效地应对 “细节查找 + 深度推理” 类题型，提供以下备考建议： 4.3.1技巧1. 日常练习：培养 “定位 + 标记” 习惯 做阅读题时，用不同颜色的笔圈画题干定位词和原文对应句，避免 “反复读原文” 浪费时间； 对推理判断题，在原文细节旁标注 “推理依据”（如 “eyes red → sad”），观点态度题标注 “情感词”（如 “useful → 积极”），便于检查。 4.3.2技巧2. 词汇积累：聚焦 “同义替换” 与 “情感词” 整理常见同义替换（如 “buy-purchase”“help-benefit”“important-necessary”），提高细节题定位效率； 分类记忆情感词（积极 / 消极 / 中立），如将 “helpful, wonderful, support” 归为积极类，“harmful, terrible, oppose” 归为消极类，便于快速判断态度。 4.3.3技巧3. 考试技巧：“先题后文” 与 “排除法” 结合 对于细节题，可采用 “先题后文” 策略：先读题干，圈画定位词后，带着问题回原文查找对应信息，避免通读全文后遗忘关键细节，节省时间。 对于所有题型，优先使用 “排除法”：先排除明显错误的选项（如与原文矛盾、无中生有、违背常识的选项），缩小选择范围，再对剩余选项进行细致比对，提高正确率。例如，在推理判断题中，若选项出现 “only”“never”“must” 等绝对化词语，且原文无对应绝对化表述，通常可直接排除。 4.3.4技巧4. 心态调整：避免 “纠结” 与 “过度思考” 遇到不确定的题目时，不要过度纠结，可先标记跳过，完成其他题目后再回头分析。避免因一道题浪费过多时间，影响整体答题节奏。 牢记九年级阅读题 “思维要求不高” 的特点，推理判断题只需 “一步推理”，无需进行复杂的多层逻辑推导；观点态度题以 “情感词” 为核心，不凭空猜测作者未表达的态度。 4.4 反思总结：阅读理解过程中的常见问题答疑（FAQ） 为解决学生在学习过程中可能遇到的高频疑问，以下整理常见问题及解答： 4.4.1问题 1：做细节题时，找不到与题干完全一致的原文句子，怎么办？ 【改进建议】若找不到完全一致的句子，大概率是遇到了 “同义替换”，需扩大定位范围，寻找与题干定位词同义的表达。例如，题干中 “find out” 可能对应原文 “discover”“learn”；题干中 “take care of” 可能对应原文 “look after”“care for”。此时需结合题干核心含义（如 “谁在什么时间做了什么事”），而非逐词匹配，同时注意原文中与题干相关的上下文语境，避免遗漏同义替换信息。 4.4.2问题 2：推理判断题中，如何判断 “推理是否过度”？ 【改进建议】判断标准是 “推理是否需要额外假设”。若从原文细节 A 可直接推出结论 B，无需添加其他未提及的条件，则为 “合理推理”；若需要添加 “假设 C” 才能从 A 推出 B，则为 “过度推理”。例如，原文细节 “Amy likes reading”（A），推出 “Amy may go to the library”（B），无需额外假设，属于合理推理；若推出 “Amy will be a writer”（B），则需要添加 “ Amy will keep reading and choose writing as a career”（C）这一未提及的假设，属于过度推理。 4.4.3问题 3：原文中同时出现积极和消极情感词，如何判断作者的核心态度？ 【改进建议】优先关注 “转折词” 和 “总结词” 后的情感词，这些词汇通常代表作者的核心观点。例如，原文中 “Online courses are convenient, but they lack face-to-face interaction. However, overall, they are helpful for students who can't go to school.” 其中 “but” 后提到 “缺乏面对面互动”（消极），但 “however, overall” 后强调 “对无法上学的学生有帮助”（积极），因此作者的核心态度为积极。若原文无转折或总结词，则需结合 “情感词数量” 和 “描述重点” 判断：若积极情感词数量更多，且对事物的描述以积极方面为主，则态度为积极；反之则为消极。 4.4.4问题 4：做观点态度题时，原文无明显情感词，如何判断态度？ 【改进建议】若原文无明显情感词，需判断文章体裁和写作目的： 若为说明文（如介绍动物习性、科技发明、历史事件），且仅客观描述事实，无主观评价，则作者态度为 “中立”； 若为记叙文，且通过人物行为、事件结果隐含态度（如 “Tom helped the old man cross the road, and the old man thanked him warmly”），则结合常识判断情感倾向（如 “帮助他人获得感谢，隐含积极态度”）； 若为议论文，且通过 “建议”“呼吁” 等表述隐含态度（如 “We should protect the environment”），则根据建议的内容判断（如 “保护环境” 隐含积极支持态度）。 4.5 能力提升：从 “会做题” 到 “会阅读” 本专题的核心目标不仅是帮助学生掌握解题技巧，更要培养学生的阅读能力，实现从 “为做题而阅读” 到 “为理解而阅读” 的转变。以下提供具体提升方法： 4.5.1策略1. 培养 “段落结构分析” 能力 阅读时，尝试分析每个段落的核心内容：段落开头是否为主题句（概括段落大意），段落中的细节是否围绕主题句展开。例如，说明文段落通常遵循 “总 - 分” 结构，开头提出观点，后续用具体例子或数据支撑；记叙文段落通常按 “时间顺序” 或 “事件发展顺序” 展开，包含 “时间、地点、人物、事件” 等关键细节。通过分析段落结构，可快速定位细节信息，理解文章逻辑，对解答主旨题和细节题均有帮助。 4.5.2策略2. 积累 “话题词汇”，提升阅读流畅度 九年级阅读材料常围绕固定话题展开（如校园生活、环境保护、科技发明、人物故事、节日文化），积累各话题的核心词汇，可减少阅读时的词汇障碍，提高定位效率。例如，“环境保护” 话题的核心词汇包括 “pollution（污染）、protect（保护）、recycle（回收）、endangered（濒危的）、global warming（全球变暖）”；“科技发明” 话题的核心词汇包括 “invent（发明）、technology（科技）、convenient（方便的）、improve（改善）、digital（数字的）”。可通过制作 “话题词汇表”，结合阅读材料积累词汇，同时记忆词汇的同义表达。 4.5.3策略3. 养成 “读完总结” 的习惯 每读完一篇文章，用 3-5 句话总结文章的核心内容，包括 “文章主要讲了什么”“作者的观点是什么”“关键细节有哪些”。例如，读完关于 “志愿服务” 的文章后，总结：“文章介绍了志愿服务的多种形式（如医院帮助病人、清洁环境、教贫困儿童），指出志愿服务不仅帮助他人，还能让志愿者获得朋友、技能和快乐，作者支持人们合理安排时间参与志愿服务。” 通过总结，可强化对文章整体的理解，避免 “只关注细节，忽略主旨” 的问题，同时提升概括能力，对解答主旨题和观点态度题有直接帮助。 4.6 总结提升：掌握“细节查找 + 深度推理”的 核心思维 本专题围绕九年级英语阅读中 “细节查找 + 深度推理” 这一核心思维层面，针对细节题、推理判断题、观点态度题三类主要题型，从 “题型特点、解题方法、实例分析、易错点应对、实战训练” 五个维度进行了全面解析，核心内容可概括为以下三点： 4.6.1核心1. 核心原则一致：“原文为纲，不凭空想” 无论是细节题、推理判断题还是观点态度题，均以 “原文信息” 为唯一依据。细节题需 “精准定位原文细节”，推理判断题需 “基于原文细节 + 普遍常识”，观点态度题需 “通过原文情感词判断”，三者均需避免 “主观臆断、过度延伸、无中生有” 的错误，这是解答九年级英语阅读题的根本原则。 4.6.2核心2. 解题方法分层：“题型不同，方法不同” 细节理解题：以 “题干定位法” 为核心，通过圈画定位词（人名、时间、数字、核心名词 / 动词），快速找到原文对应信息，比对选项排除错误答案； 推理判断题：以 “细节 + 常识” 为核心，明确推理方向，结合原文细节和普遍常识，进行一步推理，排除过度延伸和违背常识的选项； 观点态度题：以 “情感词判断法” 为核心，明确态度主体与对象，定位显性或隐含情感词，结合转折 / 总结词判断核心态度，排除矛盾选项。 4.6.3核心3. 能力提升关键：“日常积累 + 刻意练习” 词汇积累：重点积累 “同义替换词” 和 “情感词”，提高定位效率和态度判断准确性； 习惯培养：养成 “圈画定位词、标注推理依据、总结文章主旨” 的阅读习惯； 实战训练：通过针对性练习（如专题训练、综合模拟），熟练应用解题方法，同时拓展阅读范围，提升阅读流畅度和理解能力。 通过本专题的学习，希望学生不仅能掌握 “细节查找 + 深度推理” 类题型的解题技巧，更能建立科学的阅读思维，在考试中高效准确地完成答题，同时为高中阶段更复杂的阅读学习打下坚实基础。 实战演练 1 Scientists found that people who have fewer friends in real life are happier than those with far more if many of theirs were online. Social media, the researchers said, has encouraged younger people to have larger but more impersonal networks of “friends”. But instead of trying to get more friends, they added, a better cure for loneliness might be spending time with those you’re closest to. Researchers from the University of Leeds, UK, studied data from two online surveys of nearly 1, 500 people. Those who took the survey gave details about their ages, social interactions (相互影响), and how satisfied they were with their social lives. They included details of how often and how they interacted with family or neighbours, and whether they included people who provided services to them in their networks. The researchers found that those who had a small number of close friends generally were happier than those who had a large number of superficial (关系浅的) friends. “Loneliness has less to do with the number of friends you have, and more to do with how you feel about your friends,” said Dr. Bruine de Bruin, one of the researchers. “It’s often the younger adults who admit to having negative perceptions (负面看法) of their friends. Loneliness happens in people of all ages,” she added. “If you feel lonely, it may be more helpful to make a positive (积极的) connection with a friend than to try and find new people to meet,” she also said. In her study Dr. Bruine de Bruin found that older people had smaller social circles than young people, but the people in these circles were closer to them. Younger people, on the other hand, had bigger circles that were made up of “peripheral others”—people who are not true friends, but just people they know. These so-called friends didn’t influence the younger people’s happiness. The results of the study show that the stereotypes (偏见) society has about old people being sad and lonely might not be right. “The research shows that older adults’ smaller networks didn’t have a bad influence on social satisfaction and happiness. In fact, older adults had a better feeling of happiness than younger adults,” said Bruine de Bruin. Based on these results, the study believes that people should pay more attention on the ties with close friends instead of increasing the number of friends. 1．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Who studied the surveys. B．What were included in the surveys. C．How the surveys influenced people. D．How many people took part in the surveys. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Young people make close friends online. B．You’d better try to meet new people if you feel lonely. C．Older people have closer friends in their small social circles. D．The so-called friends bring more happiness to young people. 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Different Types of Close Friends B．Friendship between Old and Young C．Friends: The More, the Better? D．Friends: Online or Offline? 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 【解析】本文主要介绍了现实生活中朋友较少的人比那些在网上有很多朋友的人更幸福。研究人员发现，那些有少数亲密朋友的人比那些有大量肤浅朋友的人快乐。因此人们应该更多地关注与亲密朋友的关系，而不是增加朋友的数量。 1．主旨大意题。根据“Those who took the survey gave details about their ages, social interactions (相互影响), and how satisfied they were with their social lives.”可知，第三段主要介绍了调查所包括的内容，故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“In her study Dr. Bruine de Bruin found that older people had smaller social circles than young people, but the people in these circles were closer to them.”可知，老年人在他们的小社交圈里有更亲密的朋友。故选C。 3．标题归纳题。根据“Scientists found that people who have fewer friends in real life are happier than those with far more if many of theirs were online.”可知，本文主要讨论了朋友是不是越多越好。故选C。 2 We have known for a long time that flowers of different plants open and close at different time of day. We all know that there seems to be no need to ask the reason for it. Yet no one really understands why flowers open and close like this at certain times The process is not as simple as we might think, as recent experiments(实验) have shown. In one study, flowers were kept in continuous darkness. We might expect that the flowers, without any information about the time of day, did not open as they often do. In fact, they continued to open at their usual time. This suggests that they have some strange way of knowing the time. Their sense of time does not depend on information from the outside world; it is, so to speak, inside them, a kind of “inner clock. ” This discovery may not seem to be very important However, it was later found that not just plants but also animals—including man—have this “inner clock” which controls the working of their bodies and influences their activities. Men, then, are also influenced by this strange power. Whether we wish it or not, it causes changes to such things in our life as our d for sleep, our need for food. In the past, this did not matter(要紧) very much because people lived in natural condition. In the modern world, things are different; now there are spacemen, airplane pilots and, in daily life, a lot of people who have to work at night. It would be very useful, then, to know more about the “inner clock”. Such ordinary things as flowers might help us understand more about ourselves. 1．A recent experiment showed that ______. A．different flowers open and close at different times of day B．flowers are influenced by weak light even when they are in dark room C．for their opening and closing. flowers do not need information from the outside world D．flowers can be used for telling the time 2．The “inner clock” ______. A．is an unimportant discovery B．has an effect on human life C．has not been understood by far D．is only found in animals 3．Further study of the “inner clock” will be useful because ______. A．we should try to live more naturally than we do now B．we do not yet understand plants and animals well enough C．the number of spacemen and airplane pilots is fast increasing D．it might help us in some way 4．Kept in constant darkness. flowers ______. A．will open as they do in natural conditions B．will not open any longer C．will not open or close as usual D．will always remain in full blossom(开花) 5．______ have a mysterious power of knowing time without information from the outside world. A．All living things except man B．Animals including man as well as plants C．Flowers that are the only things in the world D．Neither animals nor plants 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要是通过花开花谢来让我们找到人类的内部闹钟。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“This suggests that they have some strange way of knowing the time. Their sense of time does not depend on information from the outside world; it is, so to speak, inside them, a kind of “inner clock. ””可知，最近的一项实验表明，花的开放和关闭不需要外界的信息。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文中“Men, then, are also influenced by this strange power. Whether we wish it or not, it causes changes to such things in our life as our d for sleep, our need for food.”可知，这个“内部闹钟”总是影响着人们的生活。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文中“It would be very useful, then, to know more about the “inner clock”. Such ordinary things as flowers might help us understand more about ourselves.”可知，我们从花朵里发现的事情可能帮助我们更好地理解我们自己，所以研究“内在的闹钟”可能对我们有所帮助。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据文中“In one study, flowers were kept in constant（连续的）darkness.和In fact, they continued to open at their usual time.”可知，花被保存在持续的黑暗中，他们在正常的时间继续开放。故选A。 5．理解推断题。根据文中“This suggests that they have some mysterious（神秘的）way of knowing the time. Their sense of time does not depend on information from the outside world； it is, so to speak, inside them, a kind of "inner clock". However, it was later found that not just plants but also animals—including man—have this “inner clock” which controls the working of their bodies and influences their activities.”可推理出，动物包括人和植物在没有外界信息的情况下，有一种神秘的力量（内在的闹钟）知道时间。故选B。 3 I walked into a restaurant and ordered some food. After about 20 minutes, a large group of people came in and placed their own orders. To my disappointment, the group got served before me. I watched as they began to eat and laugh heartily. I heard one of them bragging (吹嘘) about how he’d connected to someone who worked at the restaurant. Unable to stand it anymore, I decided to leave. I called the waiter over to cancel my order. He calmly told me, “Yours is a special order being prepared by the head chef himself. It’ll take a little more time. Please have a drink while you wait.” I calmed down and waited patiently. Shortly after, my meal was served by six waiters. To my surprise, the owner of the restaurant turned out to be a long-lost friend of mine. He had seen me as I walked in and decided to surprise me. He upgraded (升级) my simple meal to a five- star meal for free. The people at the other table were shocked and couldn’t stop staring. Suddenly they started murmuring (低声抱怨 ), asking why they didn’t get that kind of service. Such is life! Some people are ahead of you, laughing at you and talking about how they are smarter, wiser and better than you, how they are well-connected and blessed (幸运的 ). You are working hard tirelessly,wondering why it’s taking so long for you to be rewarded. You just have to wait longer because your reward (回报) is more special. 1．The author wanted to cancel his order because ________. A．he ordered the wrong food B．the restaurant was too noisy C．a group of people laughed at him D．people who came after him got served first 2．The author’s meal turned out to be ________. A．forgotten by the waiter B．a special treat from an old friend C．served to the other table purposely D．less tasty than he thought it would be 3．How did the writer feel through the whole story? A．bored, glad B．lucky, excited C．angry, surprised D．shocked, unhappy 4．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Wait Patiently for a Rewarding Life B．Meet My Long-lost Friend Again C．Laugh at Other Unlucky Guests D．Have an Unhappy Experience 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【解析】本文作者通过去饭店就餐的经历，告诉人们生活就如点餐一样，准备是需要时间的，等待后上来的菜可能是一道特别的菜。 1．细节理解题。根据“To my disappointment, the group got served before me.”及“I called the waiter over to cancel my order.”可知，作者要取消订单是因为比他后来的人，菜却先上。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“To my surprise, the owner of the restaurant turned out to be a long-lost friend of mine. He had seen me as I walked in and decided to surprise me. He upgraded (升级) my simple meal to a five- star meal for free.”可知，作者的饭菜变成了来自一位老朋友的特别的款待。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“I called the waiter over to cancel my order.”和句子“To my surprise, the owner of the restaurant turned out to be a long-lost friend of mine. He had seen me as I walked in and decided to surprise me.”我叫服务员过来取消我的订单。令我惊讶的是，这家餐馆的老板是我失散多年的朋友。他看见我走进来，决定给我一个惊喜。可以推出作者对整个故事一开始是生气的；后来是惊讶的。故选C。 4．最佳标题。根据“You just have to wait longer because your reward (回报) is more special.”及短文内容可知，本文主要介绍了作者通过等待最后得到了特别的惊喜和回报。故选A。 4 Suppose that you have some free time to kill. There is an enjoyable short video to watch and an interesting 1,000-word article to read. You can only choose one of the two. Which one will you pick? Perhaps the video will be your choice. Over the past few years, watching videos online has become a part of many people’s daily lives. The number of people patiently reading long articles, meanwhile, has been cut down. Some people fear that video will one day replace (代替) text. But in my opinion, this isn’t going to happen. Videos can in fact help us learn new information more quickly. However, can they help us fully learn about the ancient world? Many historical stories were recorded using only texts. Only through the reading of these texts can we truly and fully learn about what happened during the ancient world and the knowledge people had got. Short videos are a type of “instant culture”. They come into and leave our minds like flying cars. Oftentimes, we can’t help but look for the second video immediately after we’ve finished watching one. But can we always remember and understand the contents (内容) of these videos? When we read a long article patiently, we often pay close attention to the contents. What’s more, texts allow us to use our imagination, while videos don’t. In a word, video might change the way people learn about the world and the way they make themselves happy, but texts will never be replaced. Texts are like immortal (不朽的) stars which shine from the past to the future. 1．What is the writer trying to do in the passage? A．To give advice. B．To ask for help. C．To show ideas. D．To express feelings. 2．How can people fully learn about the ancient world according to the writer? A．By reading texts. B．By using imagination. C．By watching videos D．By talking with old people. 3．What may the underlined word “instant” mean? A．Slow. B．Quick. C．Small. D．Big. 4．Why does the writer think people will choose to watch a short video? ①The 1,000-word article is not interesting at all. ②Fewer people can patiently read long articles now. ③Watching videos online takes up people’s daily lives. ④Some people fear that video will one day replace text. A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．②④ 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Texts will never be replaced. B．Texts take long time to understand. C．Videos are enjoyable and popular. D．Videos are the best to kill free time. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A 【解析】本文分析人们在空闲时间是选择看视频还是读长的文本，介绍了人们选择视频的原因，但是文本不会被取代。 1．推理判断题。根据“In a word, video might change the way people learn about the world and the way they make themselves happy, but texts will never be replaced. Texts are like immortal (不朽的) stars which shine from the past to the future.”可知，本文作者介绍了视频可能会改变人们了解世界的方式和让自己快乐的方式，但文本永远不会被取代，因此他在表达他的看法和观点。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Many historical stories were recorded using only texts. Only through the reading of these texts can we truly and fully learn about what happened during the ancient world and the knowledge people had got.”可知，根据作者的观点，人们通过阅读文本充分了解古代世界。故选A。 3．词义猜测题。根据“They come into and leave our minds like flying cars.”可知，它们像会飞的汽车一样进入我们的大脑，又离开我们的大脑，因此instant表示非常快，与quick同义。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“Perhaps the video will be your choice. Over the past few years, watching videos online has become a part of many people’s daily lives. The number of people patiently reading long articles, meanwhile, has been cut down.”可知，作者认为人们会选择观看短视频，是因为现在很少有人能耐心地读长篇文章了，而且网上看视频占据了人们的日常生活。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据“but texts will never be replaced. Texts are like immortal (不朽的) stars which shine from the past to the future.”可知，本文主要介绍了文本不会被取代，故选A。 5 Over the past five years, about 2.8 billion school textbooks have been sold in China, with spending on them totaling 20 billion yuan. The data was recently released by China’s National Press and Publication Administration（国家新闻出版署）. The figures also showed that in 2018, 2.93 billion textbooks had been sold at retail （零售）across the country, amounting to nearly 26 billion yuan. If all of them were to be reused, at least 20 billion yuan could be saved each year. These savings could then be used to help build around 40,000 Hope Schools in the country’s poorer regions. At present, free textbooks related to music, the arts, science, digital technology and physical education have been widely reused in many cities. The school textbooks used in these subjects, which don’t need to have class notes taken, are considered appropriate for recycling. The number of textbooks which have already been reused, however, accounted for（占比）only a tiny amount of the total sum. And most of these used textbooks end up in landfills（垃圾场）or are sold for scrap（废品）offline. “With the total amount of money, I got from selling a large bag of my used textbooks, I am only able to buy a new pencil case. ” said a Chinese graduate online. Despite this, some online platforms have been recently experiencing a boom（激增）in second-hand book sales. Data from Xianyu（闲鱼）, Alibaba’s online platform for second-hand goods, showed that a total of 1.56 million textbooks had been sold last month. Since this past March, it has seen a 207 percent increase in the number of users between the ages of 15 and 18. 1．About _______ yuan were spent on textbooks in China in 2018. A．20 billion. B．2.8 billion. C．2.93 billion. D．26 billion. 2．Free textbooks have been widely reused in many cities except textbooks related to _______. A．music B．physical education C．Chinese D．science 3．What does the underlined sentence mean? A．A new pencil case is much expencive than used textbooks. B．We can sell used textbooks to buy a new pencil case. C．The used textbooks are really cheap if they are sold for scrap offline. D．We can get a large amount of money from selling used textbooks. 4．Which of the following statements is right according to the text? A．Many Hope Schools have been built because of reused textbooks. B．The number of textbooks which have already been reused is large. C．Some textbooks are appropriate for recycling because they need to have class notes taken. D．If all of the textbooks are reused, much money could be saved each year. 5．From the last paragraph we know that ________. A．People are beginning to reuse the textbooks. B．People still pay no attention to reusing the textbooks. C．New textbooks can be sold on some online platforms. D．Some online platforms for second-hand goods are not successful. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．A 【解析】本文介绍了循环教材的使用情况。现在可以在网上买到教科书。 1．细节理解题。根据“The figures also showed that in 201, 2.93 billion textbooks had been sold at retail （零售）across the country, amounting to nearly 26 billion yuan.”可知，在201年，29.3亿课本在全国售卖，总计大约260亿元。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“At present, free textbooks related to music, the arts, science, digital technology and physical education have been widely reused in many cities.”可知，除了与汉语有关的教科书外，免费教科书在许多城市得到了广泛的循环使用。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。划线句子的意思是：我卖了一大袋旧课本，所得到的钱，只能买一个新铅笔盒。也就是说：旧课本卖作废品，那真的很便宜。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“If all of them were to be reused, at least 20 billion yuan could be saved each year.”可知，如果所有的教科书都能重复使用，每年就可以节省很多钱。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据“…that a total of 1.56 million textbooks had been sold last month.”上个月总共售出了156万本教科书。由此判断，人们开始重复使用教科书。故选A。 6 Karate is a sport event to be held in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. It will be the first appearance of karate at the Summer Olympics. Karate, like Chinese Wushu, is a kind of martial—art. It developed in East Asia over centuries, becoming systematized in Okinawa in the 17th century. It was brought into Japan in the 1920 s. After about fifty—year development, it became an international sport event. Generally speaking, karate competition includes two types— kata（forms）and kumite（sparring）. Kata are demonstrations of attacking and defensive movements of one person against an imaginary opponent. Competitors choose the kata to demonstrate from 102 kata that are recognized by the World Karate Federation. Competitors are not allowed to demonstrate the same Kata twice during the competition. Its stage is an 8 m x 8 m square. Lined up outside the square, seven judges judge the competition. And the scores given by three of them are added to decide who the winner is. What the score is depends on the strength, speed, rhythm, balance and power of strikes and kicks and so on. In kumite, two competitors spar with each other. A head judge with four side judges observe their sparring. Attacks with good form, power and control get between one and three points. •One point — “Yuko”—is given for a closed hand punch to the head, neck, stomach, side or back of the opponent. •Two points — “Waza—ari” — are given for a middle kick to the body. •Three points— “Ippon” — are scored for a high kick to the head. A competitor wins by having eight points more than their opponent within three minutes. In a tie, the competitor who scores the first point is the winner. In a scoreless competition, the winner will be decided by the judges. 1．Karate is a sport that 　 　. A．is a kind of Chinese Wushu B．started and developed in Japan C．started 400 hundred years ago D．will appear in the 2020 Olympics 2．In a kata competition,　 　. A．five scores decide who the winner is B．a competitor demonstrates kata alone C．competitors can choose the kata freely D．a competitor wins by having eight points 3．Which of the following attacks will get two points?　 　 A． B． C． D． 4．The main purpose of the passage is to 　 　. A．show us how to do karate B．introduce us the history of karate C．tell us the types of karate competitions D．encourage us to watch karate competitions 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【解析】本文主要讲了2020年东京奥运会上即将举办的一项体育赛事——空手道，介绍了空手道比赛的类型。 1．细节理解题。根据“Karate is a sport event to be held in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. It will be the first appearance of karate at the Summer Olympics.”可知，空手道是一项体育运动将出现在2020年奥运会上。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“Kata are demonstrations of attacking and defensive movements of one person against an imaginary opponent. Competitors choose the kata to demonstrate from 102 kata that are recognized by the World Karate Federation.”可知，卡塔是一个人对一个想象中的对手的进攻和防守动作的示范。选手们从世界空手道联合会认可的102个卡塔中选择卡塔进行表演。参赛者不得在比赛中两次展示同一个卡塔。因此参赛者独自进行，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“Two points — “Waza—ari” — are given for a middle kick to the body.”可知，踢中身体中间位置，一脚得两分，因此C项符合要求，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“Generally speaking, karate competition includes two types— kata（forms）and kumite（sparring）.”可知，这篇文章的主要目的是告诉我们空手道比赛的类型。故选C。 7 There’s something great about buying a plant, taking care of it and actually having it survive (存活) for more than a week or two. However, a woman found that a plant she had been taking care of for two years was actually made out of plastic. Caelie Wilkes shared her story on her Facebook page, “I’ve had this beautiful succulent (多肉植物) for about two years now. I was so proud of this plant. It was full and had a beautiful colour, just a perfect plant. I had put it in my kitchen window. I had a watering plan for it. If someone else tried to water my plant, I would be unhappy because I just wanted to keep good care of it. I loved my plant very much.” Unluckily, when she decided to transplant the plant to a new flowerpot (花盆), she had a shocking discovery. “I went to pull it from the original (原来的) plastic container, and found this plant was fake (假的),” she wrote. “I put so much love into this plant! I washed its leaves. I tried my hardest to keep it looking its best, and it’s completely plastic! How did I not know this?” Wilkes, a stay-at-home mum, shared photos of the plant, which does look real from the top. Once pulled from the container, however, it’s clearly not alive. “I feel like these last two years have been a lie,” Wilkes said. 1．How did Wilkes take care of “the plant”? A．She had a plan for watering it. B．She washed its flowers. C．She didn’t let others watch it. D．She watered it every day. 2．What does the underlined word “transplant” mean in Chinese? A．栽培 B．修整 C．移植 D．滋养 3．It can be inferred from the passage ________. A．Wilkes took care of “the plant” in a wrong way B．Wilkes bought “the plant” three years ago C．Wilkes made a video about “the plant” D．Wilkes didn’t have a job 4．How might Wilkes feel in the end? A．Tired but happy. B．Disappointed and angry. C．Excited and satisfied. D．Bored and tired. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【解析】本文介绍了Caelie Wilkes女士细心照顾了两年的花，结果是一颗塑料花，这让她感觉是受了两年的欺骗。 1．细节理解题。根据“I had a watering plan for it.”可知她有一个浇水的计划，故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据“the plant to a new flowerpot (花盆), ”根据此处的另一个花盆，结合提供选项可知，该词义应该是：移植，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“Wilkes, a stay-at-home mum, shared photos of the plant, which does look real from the top.”威尔克斯是一名家庭主妇，她分享了这棵植物的照片，可推知，Wilkes没有工作。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据““I feel like these last two years have been a lie,” Wilkes said.”“我觉得这两年是一个谎言，”威尔克斯说。可推知，威尔克斯的感受应该是失望和愤怒。故选B。 8 Gever is a computer scientist from California. In 2005, he started a summer program for children called Tinkering School. The idea was that children can learn important skills for life by building things together. Gever and his team help the children to think big and create plans for new things they want to build. Children have made fantastic things since the school started. They have made a rope bridge, tree houses, wooden motorbikes and boats. At Tinkering School, children get all kinds of materials like wood, metal, plastic, nails and ropes. They get lots of real tools too, such as knives, hammers(锤子) and power drills(电钻). Tinkering School has been around for many years now, but nobody has ever had a serious injury in all those years. This is because there are strict health and safety rules they must follow. The children always learn how to use the tools safely and they must wear the right clothing and protection at all times. Gever’s ideas have worked very well. A lot of children have gone to his summer schools over the years. In 2011, Gever decided to create a ‘real’ school, called Brightworks, in San Francisco. The school is very small —it only has 20 students aged 6 to 13. Brightworks is based on the same principles(理念) as Tinkering School. Since it started, Brightworks has been written about a lot. Most of those articles have been very positive(积极的). They have praised the quality of the school. They have found the children are more active than at many other schools. But there have also been critical (批评的) voices. Some people have said that children are not learning enough at Brightworks. They feel that students and teachers are just ‘playing around’ all the time. The students at Brightworks seem to love their school. We spoke to 12-year-old Tina Cooper. She has been a student at the school since last October. “Since I started here. I’ve never sat in a ‘normal’ class with a teacher,” she told us. “But it’s been a very exciting experience. I’ve worked hard at my new school for eight months now, and there hasn’t been one single moment when I found it boring.” 1．Which can best describe Tinkering School or Brightworks? A．A place you can walk around freely. B．A space with new ideas and practice. C．A factory full of materials and tools. D．A family you will never leave behind. 2．Gever’s principle on education is to ________. A．train children to follow strict rules B．provide children with famous schools C．help children create new fantastic plastic things D．lead children to learn by doing hands-on activities 3．About safety at Tinkering School, we know that ________. A．the school is not safe enough for kids B．children are taught how to protect themselves C．children have never had an accident or injury D．there isn’t any safety information mentioned there 4．From the last two paragraphs, we can infer that ________. A．Brightworks has influenced students like Tina B．critical voices brought bad results to the school C．there hasn’t been one single boring moment for all D．the students there often stand in a class with a teacher 5．The author’s writing purpose is probably to ________ . A．choose the best schools for parents B．let the readers listen to different voices C．praise Gever’s thoughts about education D．draw much attention to Gever’s school 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．C 【解析】文章介绍了加利福尼亚的计算机科学家Gever的教育理念及他所创办的学校的相关情况。 1．推理判断题。根据“Gever and his team help the children to think big and create plans for new things they want to build.”可知Gever所创办的学校帮助孩子们从长远考虑，为他们想要建造的新东西制定计划。由此推出Tinkering School或Brightworks是一个有新想法和新实践的空间。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“The idea was that children can learn important skills for life by building things together.”可知Gever的教育原则是引导孩子通过实践活动来学习。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“ This is because there are strict health and safety rules they must follow. The children always learn how to use the tools safely and they must wear the right clothing and protection at all times.”可知在Tinkering School，孩子们被教育如何保护自己。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“ ‘Since I started here. I’ve never sat in a ‘normal’ class with a teacher,’ she told us. ‘But it’s been a very exciting experience. I’ve worked hard at my new school for eight months now, and there hasn’t been one single moment when I found it boring.’ ”可知Tina在这所学校学习很努力，从未有一刻觉得无聊。结合最末两段内容可知Brightworks影响了像Tina一样的学生。故选A。 5．写作目的题。文中介绍了加利福尼亚的计算机科学家Gever的教育理念及他所创办的学校的相关情况，写这篇文章的目的是赞扬Gever的教学理念。故选C。 9 It is easy to forget that public education is relatively new. Even in the U.S., which has a relatively developed education system, public schools only became common in the early 19th century. Before that, while the rich were able to get private teachers for their children, most education of children took place within the family and the community. Some people are now going back to teaching children themselves. At one time, homeschooling was for students who had behavioral or learning difficulties. Today, there are many arguments for educating one’s children at home. Some of it starts from dissatisfaction with the normal education system. In many schools, one teacher is responsible for 30 or 40 students; children are often deprived (剥夺) of the attention they need. Many psychologists (心理学家) see the home as the most natural learning environment, since it is supportive. Parents who homeschool say they can keep an eye on their children’s education more closely. Children can also choose what and when to study, so they can learn according to their own timetable. The many educational resources on the Internet can also be used. Supporters of homeschooling point out that homeschooled children do just as well as or better than those who are classroom-taught. However, critics of homeschooling say that children miss out on learning important social skills because they have little interaction with their peers (同龄人). This might have a bad effect on them later in life when they go to university or start work. Critics have also raised concerns about whether parents are able to educate their children properly. Many of these parents are short of teacher training and may not be up-to-date on all the subjects taught in schools. In the U.S., with an increasing number of parents taking their children out of class, schools are looking for ways to restore parents’ confidence in the public education system. Some American high schools have opened their doors to homeschoolers on a part-time basis, allowing these children to attend classes once or twice a week, or to take part in activities such as playing football or dancing. This enables homeschooled children to enjoy the extra benefits of peer interaction and involvement in sport or clubs. Whatever the arguments for or against, homeschooling is growing in some countries. There are now websites and support groups that enable parents to learn more about educating their children. Homeschooling is now taken as an accepted choice to the public education system. 1．According to the passage, what can we learn about homeschooling? A．Homeschooled children have fewer learning difficulties. B．Homeschooling offers enough teacher training to parents. C．Homeschooled children are better prepared for university. D．Homeschooling has a longer history than public education. 2．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Parents’ confidence in the public education system is restored. B．Homeschooled children should get involved in sports and clubs. C．Schools are trying to change since homeschoolers are increasing. D．Homeschooled children are required to have some classes in schools. 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．The benefits of homeschooling B．The development of homeschooling C．Homeschooling: The power of love? D．Homeschooling: A better way to learn? 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 【解析】本文介绍了人们对家庭学校的争论和看法。 1．推理判断题。根据“Before that, while the rich were able to get private teachers for their children, most education of children took place within the family and the community.”可知，公共教育出现在十九世纪早期，在这之前，如果要教育孩子，那么就是家庭教育，因此家庭教育比公共教育要早，故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据“In the U.S., with an increasing number of parents taking their children out of class, schools are looking for ways to restore parents’ confidence in the public education system. ”可知，因为在家上学的人越来越多，学校正在努力改变以重新树立人们对于公共教育系统的信心，如允许家庭教育的孩子一周来学校上一两次课，参加体育或舞蹈学习等等。故选C。 3．标题归纳题。根据“Whatever the arguments for or against, homeschooling is growing in some countries”和“Homeschooling is now taken as an accepted choice to the public education system.”可知，本文主要介绍了家庭学校是否是一个更好的学习方法，故选D。 10 A group of university graduates visited their old professor. During their visit, the conversation turned to work. The graduates were complaining about their problems and stress in work and in life. After offering coffee to the guests, the professor went to the kitchen and came back with a coffee pot and a tray (托盘), crowded with many different cups: porcelain, glass, plastic and crystal. Some cups were simple, other ones expensive. The professor asked them to pick out their cups first. When the graduates picked out their favorite cups, the professor explained: “Notice how all the beautiful cups were picked out and the simple and cheap ones were left.” “Wanting only the best things for yourself is the source of your problems and stress. You need to understand that the cup doesn’t make the coffee better. Actually, all that you wanted was the coffee, not the cup. But you consciously (有意识地) chose the best cups, and then looked to see what cups other picked.” “Life is the coffee. Your job, money, position in society...they are the cups. The type of cup doesn’t determine (决定) the quality of life. Sometimes, by concentrating only on the cups, we forget to enjoy the taste of coffee. The happiest people are not those who have the best things, but those who enjoy life and make the most of what they have.” Hearing this, the graduates were speechless. They had learned another important life lesson from their old professor- that true happiness means enjoying life and not worrying about unimportant things. 1．The professor offered different kinds of cups to ________. A．give his students more choices to choose from B．teach his students how to make coffee C．show his students his collection of cups D．teach his students about the meaning of happiness 2．When asked to pick out their favorite cups, the students ________. A．chose the plastic and glass cups B．did not choose heavy cups C．preferred beautiful and expensive ones D．preferred simple and cheap ones 3．The underlined word source means ________. A．资源 B．根源 C．起因 D．解决办法 4．What lesson can we learn from the story? A．Make the best choice you can. B．Make the most of life and ignore small things. C．Let others have some of the best things in life. D．Your cup choice doesn’t matter when drinking coffee. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 【解析】本文讲述了教授让学生们挑选不同种类的杯子，告诉他们最快乐的人并不是那些拥有最好东西的人，而是那些享受生活、充分利用自己所拥有的人。因此，从中我们知道了要享受生活，忽视那些不重要的小事。 1．推理判断题。根据““…Sometimes, by concentrating only on the cups, we forget to enjoy the taste of coffee. The happiest people are not those who have the best things, but those who enjoy life and make the most of what they have.””可知，教授提供不同种类的杯子来教他的学生关于幸福的意义，故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“When the graduates picked out their favorite cups, the professor explained: “Notice how all the beautiful cups were picked out and the simple and cheap ones were left.””可知，当让学生们挑选最喜欢的杯子时，他们选择了又漂亮又昂贵的杯子，故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据“Wanting only the best things for yourself”可知，只想要把最好的东西留给自己是他们的问题的根源。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“They had learned another important life lesson from their old professor- that true happiness means enjoying life and not worrying about unimportant things.”可知，本文主要告诉我们真正的快乐意味着充分享受生活，忽略小事。故选B。 11 During the 1980s, artist Wilder created a song in about 30 minutes. That song, Break My Stride, has been played in films and TV shows over the years and turned him into a one-hit wonder. Now, nearly forty years later, the song is being listened to by people who weren’t even born when it was created, thanks to its popularity on the social media（社交媒体）TikTok. On TikTok, users usually share very short, usually 15-second, videos of themselves dancing, singing or doing something funny, most often set to music. Break My Stride became popular on TikTok earlier this year and has been used in over 800,000 videos. School students have posted videos of themselves dancing to the song. The pop song has the magic to make people feel like dancing. In one TikTok video that was liked 3.5 million times, the creator took a video of his mom sleeping and then photoshopped her into different backgrounds related to the words of the song, such as traveling across the sea to China in the row boat. “Now with the coming of TikTok, it’s like having a hit record all over again with a whole new generation（一代人）,” Wilder, 67, told CNN. Break My Stride recently has been on Apple Music’s Top 100 songs in over 20 countries. Break My Stride isn’t alone. A number of other artists have seen their songs become popular on TikTok. The success of Lil Nas X’s Old Town Road depends heavily on its popularity on TikTok, where the song has been used in 7.5 million videos. The song finished 2019 in the UK as “Song of the Year”. The success of these songs, both old and new, highlights the influence that social media have on arts and culture. TikTok is changing how musicians create and publicize their work. 1．What can be learned about the song Break My Stride? A．It has become popular again. B．It was written 20 years ago. C．It was first used in a TV show. D．It was hardly known at first. 2．What does TikTok allow users to do? A．To get music for free. B．To watch long videos. C．To share videos of their own. D．To study different kinds of music. 3．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Famous artists on TikTok. B．The success of social media. C．“Song of the Year” in the UK. D．The popularity of other songs on TikTok. 4．What does the writer say about TikTok? A．It has a long history. B．It has about 7.5 million users. C．It is more popular than TV shows. D．It has a strong influence on arts. 5．The underlined word “highlights” has the closest meaning to _________. A．catches B．shows C．promises D．uses 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．B 【解析】这篇短文主要讲述了社交平台TikTok对音乐带来的一些影响。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“Now, nearly forty years later, the song is being listened to by people who weren’t even born when it was created, thanks to its popularity on the social media（社交媒体）TikTok.”可知，此处这首歌Break My Stride再次变的受欢迎。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文中“On TikTok, users usually share very short, usually 15-second, videos of themselves dancing, singing or doing something funny, most often set to music.”可知，TikTok允许用户分享自己的视频。故选C。 3．段落大意题。根据文中“Break My Stride isn’t alone. …where the song has been used in 7.5 million videos. The song finished 2019 in the UK as “Song of the Year”.”，本段描述了其他歌曲在TikTok上的流行程度。故选D。 4．观点态度题。根据文中“The success of these songs, both old and new, highlights the influence that social media have on arts and culture. TikTok is changing how musicians create and publicize their work.”可知，作者认为TikTok对艺术和文化产生了极大的影响。故选D。 5．词句猜测题。根据“that social media have on arts and culture.”可知，这些新旧歌曲的成功是一种现象，社交媒体对艺术和文化的影响是这一现象背后的内核，实质。此处是展现，凸显出现象背后的实质。highlights的意思是“展现，凸显”。相当于show，故选B。 12 Success doesn’t begin until you begin the walk down the pathway towards your aim. And your walk down the path always begins with a baby step.Why do we call them baby steps?Are they really anything more important than our next steps down the life’s pathway? Baby steps are the first steps we take as an act of faith(信念). We see others stepping out and we want to show our ability to walk by following them.As we grow, we continue our development by taking additional(额外的)baby steps. Sometimes we fall; sometimes we fail. After that, all steps become an act of faith; we just become more practiced. If you say to yourself. “'I don’t want to make a fool of myself” or “I’m not good at this”, you will probably never take the baby steps towards your aims and end up in your own self-pity. As a culture, we pay much attention to results. We think about every risk that must be taken to reach our aims. There are few people who are excellent performers of any tasks the first time they try them. They fail and succeed. Then, they build upon their abilities learned each time. They practice their skills and use their talents through baby steps before they are ready to prove themselves to the whole world. So learn to take those baby steps to reach the goals before you. As you become more experienced, your baby steps become a walk, then a jump, and finally a sprint. That’s how our baby steps lead us through the marathon of life. 1．What does the writer mainly discuss in the passage? A．The importance of baby steps. B．The power of faith in our life. C．The abilities to achieve success. D．The cause of cultural differences. 2．Which of the following is considered most important in taking baby steps? A．Aim. B．Support. C．Faith. D．Practice. 3．In Paragraph 3, the writer expresses the idea that ________. A．no one can succeed with working hard B．grown-ups should learn from babies in dealing with hard tasks C．baby steps play a key role in leading us to success D．we must make full use of our skills in order to reach our aims 4．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “sprint” in the passage? A．Fly away. B．Run fast. C．Fall down. D．Get success. 5．What’s the writer’s tone(语气)in the passage? A．Encouraging. B．Light-hearted. C．Doubtful. D．Regretful 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．A 【解析】文章主要讲述通往成功的“一小步”的重要性。 1．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开门见山，提出主题：“And your walk down the path always begins with a baby step.”，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想，即：“the importance of baby step”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文中“Baby steps are the first steps we take as an act of faith.”可知，迈出“一小步”时，信仰被认为是最重要的。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“They practice their skills and use their talents through baby steps before they are ready to prove themselves to the whole world.”可知，作者在第三段要表达的中心思想是：“‘小步走’在带领我们走向成功中起着关键作用”。故选C。 4．词义猜测题。根据文中“As you become more experienced, your baby steps become a walk, then a jump...”可知，当你变得更有经验时，你的“一小步”会变成一次行走，然后是一次跳跃，最后是一次……。显然，“a walk”之后是“a jump”，那么“a jump”之后应该是“run fast”。故选B。 5．观点态度题。根据文中“So learn to take those baby steps to reach the goals before you.”和“That’s how our baby steps lead us through the marathon of life.”可知，文中作者的语气是“鼓舞人心的”。故选A。 13 Anger (愤怒) often makes us uncomfortable. Seeing your child’s anger can be especially uncomfortable. In order to relieve (缓解) this feeling, parents often encourage children to “stop crying” and say things like “It’s nothing to cry about.” It’s moments like those that plant the seeds (种子) of unhealthy anger. The “stop crying” parents are just doing what they were taught by their own parents, who were probably taught that by their parents on and on. However, we should learn how to create healthy anger in our kids. If a child never sees his or her parents express anger, he or she should never express anger, either. But if parents always express their anger loudly, their child may start to think of anger as something that is always frightening. The first thing you can do to create healthy anger in your children is to practice creating healthy anger in yourself. Once you’re better at experiencing anger and expressing it in a healthy way, you’ll be able to set a good example for your kids. Stopping kids from expressing their feelings is wrong. You may feel bad when you believe you are wrong. When children express their feelings and are told that it’s nothing to cry about, they come to know that they themselves are bad. We need to raise them in an environment where it’s safe to express feelings. Once you feel more comfortable with your own anger, you can teach your children why anger is a helpful feeling. When your kids express anger, help them examine what it is that has made them angry. Why did it make them angry? How did it do that? Then, you can teach them that those feelings are never wrong and our expressions of feelings are in our control. Anger is natural and normal, and it can be experienced and expressed in a healthy way. 1．Why do parents tell children not to cry? A．To relieve their anger. B．To make them uncomfortable. C．To encourage them to stop crying. D．To plant the seeds of unhealthy anger. 2．What can we know according to paragraph 2? A．Parents have a great influence on their children. B．Parents should get angry with their children. C．Expressing anger loudly is good for children. D．Children must express their anger like their parents. 3．What should parents do to set a good example for children? A．Stop them from expressing their anger. B．Raise them in a safe environment. C．Let them know they are right or wrong. D．Express their own anger in a healthy way. 4．What does the writer think of anger? A．It’s impossible for us to control it. B．It’s a common feeling. C．It’s harmful to our health. D．It often makes us embarrassed. 5．What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the text? A．To tell us how to teach kids. B．To show us how to control anger. C．To introduce the dangers of anger. D．To lead parents to create healthy anger in our kids. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了父母如何让孩子形成“良性愤怒”，想要让孩子形成良性的愤怒情绪，父母自己应该率先实践。 1．细节理解题。根据“In order to relieve (缓解) this feeling, parents often encourage children to “stop crying” and say things like “It’s nothing to cry about.””可知是为了缓解孩子的愤怒，故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，如果孩子从来没有看到父母表达愤怒，他们也不会表达出愤怒的情绪，但如果父母总是大声地表达他们的愤怒，他们的孩子可能会开始认为愤怒是一种总令人害怕的东西。因此可以推断父母对孩子有很大的影响，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Once you’re better at experiencing anger and expressing it in a healthy way, you’ll be able to set a good example for your kids.”可知，父母应该以健康的方式表达自己的愤怒，为孩子树立一个好榜样。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Anger is natural and normal, and it can be experienced and expressed in a healthy way.”可知作者认为愤怒是普遍的。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据“However, we should learn how to create healthy anger in our kids.”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了父母对孩子的影响很大，因此应该为孩子树立一个良好的榜样，为孩子创造一种健康良性的愤怒。故选D。 14 Most handshakes are a simple greeting. However, they are more common in some places than in others. This is especially true in English-speaking countries. In these countries, handshakes are common in every situation — when meeting a new person, or even when greeting someone that you have not seen for a long time. People also use handshakes to congratulate, or to say goodbye. In Asian countries, handshakes are used in business. But in other situations, there are other greetings. For example, in Thailand, people greet each other using the waist(腰). A person holds his hands so that the palms, the inside of the hands, press together. Then, the person gives a small bow, bending(弯曲) at the waist. Similar gestures(手势) are used in India, Cambodia and other countries. In Latin America, people shake hands. But they also may greet with a kiss. For example, a woman greeting another woman will kiss lightly on each cheek(面颊), and then shake hands. In some places, men may also greet in this way, but it is not as common. Cheek kissing is common in many other parts of the world too, but it is slightly(稍微地) different in each place. For example, in Greece, two people may kiss twice, one kiss on each cheek. But in parts of France, people will kiss four times! So, if you are shaking hands, do you know what the best way to communicate is? Do you use a hard or soft handshake? Do you hold with both hands, or just one? Do you kiss? 1．How do people greet each other in Thailand? A．By using the waist. B．By shaking hands. C．By speaking loudly. D．By shaking their heads. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Hugging. B．Kissing. C．Greeting. D．Speaking. 3．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Different handshakes B．How to greet each other C．The same gestures D．When to shake hands 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 【详解】本文是一篇说明文,讲述了在不同的国家有不同的问候方式,有的是握手,有的是双手合十并鞠躬,有的是吻脸颊。 1.细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“For example, in Thailand, people greet each other using the waist.”可知,在泰国人们见面会弯腰行礼,故答案为A。 2.代词指代题。根据第三段第三句“For example, a woman greeting another woman will kiss lightly on each cheek, and then shake hands.”可知这里的it应该是“亲吻”这一见面礼,故答案为B。 3.主旨大意题。从文中的叙述来看,谈到了握手、鞠躬和吻脸颊三种问候方式。故选B。 1 / 33 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $