Unit3 Curious minds 讲义-2025-2026学年沪教版（五四学制）（2024）八年级英语上册

LAITY自制 讲义内容 1. U3 Curious minds知识梳理 2. U3强化练习 (课文解析&词转专项&U3基础&主题阅读) 【课文解析】 A. The night before my _____________ (7) birthday, I couldn’t sleep. Every now and then I heard a little yap. “What can that be?” I _____________ (wonder). Driven by _____________ (curious), I decided_____________ (have) a look. Following the sound, I came to the kitchen. I saw a box _____________ (shake) on a shelf. I reached up for it________________________________ (在…的帮助下) a chair. As I was climbing down, the box suddenly _____________ (fall) out of my hands. A _____________ [ˈpʌpi] jumped out and started _____________ (bark) loudly — in the middle of the night! This is how my curiosity ruined a birthday surprise! B. The power of curiosity “Why?” the little girl asks her father. He gives an answer, and she asks again, “Why?” To the parent, these questions may seem_____________ (没完没了的), even a little _____________ (annoy). But a child’s curiosity is very important for the growing mind. Curiosity helps the _____________ [breɪn] to better take _____________ new information. In a 2014 study, the _____________ (research) invited some people_____________ (rate) their curiosity about some questions _____________ (after/before) telling them the answers. One hour later, the researcher tested how _____________ (good/well) they remembered the answers. _____________ (result) showed that when people were very curious _____________ the fact, they were 30% more _____________ (like) to remember it. Curiosity also leads _____________ more exciting ideas. In 1918, _____________ (magic) Harry made a big elephant _____________ (appear) on the stage. In a recent experiment, people were asked how curious they were about Harry’s _____________ [trɪk] and then given_____________ (a few/a little) minutes to design their own magic _____________ (trick). It turned out the more curious group came up _____________ more wonderful ideas. Curiosity encourages people_____________ (deep) knowledge and understanding in different areas. Jeff Armstrong, a _____________ (success) engineer, designs cars. “As a kid, I was crazy _____________ cars," says Jeff." I learned to do simple repairs to the family car. This led me to study _____________ (engineer)." Dr Fiona Grey, a leading heart doctor, says, “As a girl, I was very curious about how the human body worked, so I _____________ (study) medicine." As Richard Feynman said, “Nearly everything _____________ (be) really interesting if you go into it _____________ (deep) enough." T_____________ (因此), keep a curious mind - keep asking why. You never know where it may lead you! C. Yiming: Hey, Bailing! How was your holiday? Bailing: Pretty good! I _____________ (read) seven books. Yiming: Wow, that's_____________ (a lot/a lot of)! Bailing: My brother kept _____________ (ask) me strange questions, so I had to look _____________ answers in books. Yiming: Really? So, what did he ask? Bailing: Well, why do we have two eyes _____________ (when/while) we can see even with just one? Do you know? Yiming: No, I don't! Bailing: I didn't, _____________ (too/either). _____________ (luck), books seem to have the answer _____________ everything! And________________________ (我读得越多), the more I wanted to find _____________. Yiming: Good for you! Any good books to recommend? Bailing: Tons! But don't read them all at o_____________, or you'll _____________ [ˈruːɪn] your eyesight! Yiming: _____________ (Maybe/ May be) that's why we have two eyes instead _____________ one! So we can read more! D. Curious minds in history It is said that one day, Isaac Newton was sitting _____________ a tree. An apple fell and _____________ (hit) the ground beside him. (Some people say the apple fell on his head, but who knows?) He then wondered w_____________ things fall down, not up or sideways. That's how he came up _____________ the idea of gravity. Legend has it that Archimedes阿基米德noticed that when he got out of his bath, the water in it went down. He then _____________ (find) that the level of the water in the bath was related相关的;有联系的to how much of his body was in the water! This was a very important _____________ (discover) in physics. When young, Qian Xuesen was curious _____________ why paper planes could fly and how to make them go faster. Driven by this curiosity, he worked _____________ (hard/hardly) and became a pioneer in aerospace航空航天（工业）.His research laid the groundwork基础工作for the technology used in Shenzhou spacecraft. 【U3单词】 单词 音标 词性 释义 1. inborn /ˌɪnˈbɔːn/ adj. 天生的 2. unfamiliar /ˌʌnfəˈmɪliə(r)/ adj. 陌生的；不熟悉的 3. preschooler /ˌpriːˈskuːlə/ n. (美) 学龄前儿童 4. grown - up /ˌɡrəʊn ˈʌp/ n. (尤指用于对儿童说话时) 大人 5. continuous /kənˈtɪnjuəs/ adj. 不断的；持续的；连续的 6. either /ˈaɪðə(r)/ adv. (用于否定词组后) 也 7. ruin /ˈruːɪn/ v. 毁坏；破坏 8. eyesight /ˈaɪsaɪt/ n. 视力 9. fantastic /fænˈtæstɪk/ adj. 极好的；了不起的 10. grandparent /ˈɡrænpeərənt/ n. 祖父；祖母；外祖父；外祖母 11. ant /ænt/ n. 蚂蚁 12. metro /ˈmetrəʊ/ n. 地铁 13. surprising /səˈpraɪzɪŋ/ adj. 令人吃惊的 14. touching /ˈtʌtʃɪŋ/ adj. 令人同情的；感人的 15. movie /ˈmuːvi/ n. (美) 电影 16. cartoon /kɑːˈtuːn/ n. 动画片；卡通片 17. never - ending /ˌnevə(r) ˈendɪŋ/ adj. 永无止境的；没完没了的 18. annoying /əˈnɔɪɪŋ/ adj. 使恼怒的；使生气的 19. brain /breɪn/ n. 脑；脑力 20. researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/ n. 研究人员 21. rate /reɪt/ v. 划分等级；评估 22. result /rɪˈzʌlt/ n. 结果 23. magician /məˈdʒɪʃn/ n. 魔术师；变戏法的人 24. recent /ˈriːsnt/ adj. 近来的；新近的 25. trick /trɪk/ n. 戏法；把戏 26. deepen /ˈdiːpn/ v. (使) 变深；加深 27. understanding /ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ/ n. 理解；领悟；了解 28. crazy /ˈkreɪzi/ adj. 热衷的；狂热的 29. therefore /ˈðeəfɔː(r)/ adv. 因此 30. wonder /ˈwʌndə(r)/ v. 想知道；想弄明白；琢磨 31. shake /ʃeɪk/ v. 摇动；抖动 32. puppy /ˈpʌpi/ n. 小狗；幼犬 33. bark /bɑːk/ v. (狗等的) 吠声 . 【U3词转】 1. annoy v.使恼怒;使生气→annoying adj.使恼怒的;使生气的→annoyed adj.感到恼怒的;感到生气的 2. continuous adj.不断的;持续的;连续的→continue v.继续→discontinuous adj.不连续的 3. curious adj.好奇的→curiosity n.好奇心→curiously adv.好奇地 4. cartoon n.动画片;卡通片→cartoonist n.漫画家 5. crazy adj.热衷的;狂热的→crazily adv.热衷地;狂热地→craziness n.疯狂;狂热 →craze n.（通常为一时的）狂热,疯狂;风行一时的东西 6. deepen v.(使)变深;加深→deep adj.深的→depth n.深度→deeply adv.深深地 7. fantastic adj极好的;了不起的→fantasy n.憧憬;幻想作品 8. lead v.带领→leading adj.领先的; 最重要的;一流的→leader n.领袖 9. legend n.传说;传奇故事→legendary adj.传奇的→legendarily adv.传奇似地 10. magician n.魔术师;变戏法的人→magic n.魔法;魔术→magical adj.神奇的 11. researcher n.研究者→research v.研究 n.研究→search v.搜寻;探查 12. recent adj.近来的;新近的→recently adv.最近地 13. ruin v.毁坏;破坏→ruins n.遗迹;废墟 14. surprise n.惊喜;惊讶→surprise v.使惊喜;使惊讶→surprised adj.感到惊讶的;感到吃惊的 →surprising adj.令人惊讶的;令人吃惊的→surprisingly adv.惊讶地 15. touch v.触摸;使感动→touching adj.令人同情的;感人的→touched adj.感动的 16. unfamiliar adj.陌生的;不熟悉的→familiar adj.熟悉的→family n.家庭→familiarize v.使熟悉 17. understanding n.理解;领悟;了解→understand v.理解 18. voluntary adj.自愿的;主动的;志愿的→volunteer v.自愿做;义务做 n.志愿者;自告奋勇者 19. wonder v.想知道;想弄明白;琢磨→wonder n.奇迹→wonderful adj.美好的 【U3词转专项练习】 1. If that sounds____________, a new study has bad news. (unfamiliar) 2. Plenty of unexplained footprints, bodies and stories____________ to feed out curiosity as well. (continuous) 3. At first, I was____________ because it wasn't funny like your other books. (surprise) 4. It's not____________ the people are attracted to China to enjoy the rich culture it has to offer. (surprise) 5. I was____________ to find that he regarded me as engaging. (touch) 6. It is a very____________ moment to witness a young couple who are in love are tied by marriage. (touch) 7. In 2016, a ____________ called Carlos Moreno put forward the “15-Minute City” idea. (research) 8. In each group, one person was asked to watch a popular video of a street__________ performing for a crowd. (magic) 9. ____________, I've started to do a lot of walking and cycling to lose weight. (recent) 10. Her wrinkles(皱纹) ____________ with age.(deep) 11. Holding his breath for about three minutes, Jerald swam down to a____________ of 112metres. (deep) 12. Does your breakfast-room get a____________ view of the lake from four windows? (wonder) 13. The film features a____________ actor known for his versatile performances. (lead) 14. His____________ nature led him to explore every corner of the ancient library. (curiosity) 15. He has this____________ way of always being right, no matter what the topic is. (annoy) 16. It is____________ that she will attend the meeting tomorrow, as she has been very involved in the project. (like) 17. I ____________ tried a new recipe for dinner, and it turned out to be delicious! (recent) 18. The shadows began to____________ as the sun set behind the mountains. (deep) 19. Why not ____________ your mum clean the kitchen together? (help) 20. Peter forgot____________ his umbrella and he was wet through.(take) 21. It is important for us____________ water every day.(save) 22. They decide ____________ a party this Sunday.(have) 23. We're planning____________ on a trip to France in spring.(go) 24. The story was so____________ that many people cried.(touch) 25. The____________ spent years studying the behavior of ants. (research) 26. His eyesight is getting____________ because of too much screen time.(bad) 27. The movie was a great____________.(succeed) 28. The magician's performance was full of____________.(amaze) 29. The____________ of the river is about 5 meters.(deep) 30. The____________ rain made the roads very slippery.(continue) 31. The price of vegetables has gone up____________.(recent) 32. This young____________ seems very enthusiastic about his project.(research) 33. The____________ result of the experiment left everyone in the lab speechless.(surprise) 34. Reading more books can help you____________ your understanding of different cultures.(deep) 35. The manager discovered that the young man did an excellent job in his college, which aroused the manager s____________.(curious) 36. They haven't received any letters or emails from Wendy____________.(recent) 37. Carl told us that his trip to the United States was a____________ experience.(wonder) 38. I hadn't seen Anders for ages. When I appeared before him, he looked very____________ (surprise) 39. It was a very____________ moment to witness a big event.(touch) 40. It can____________ your conversation by giving you something interesting to talk about.(deep) 41. Many travellers feel nervous about going to a new and____________ place.(familiar) 42. They have been making a low____________ sound for a day or two.(continue) 43. Checking phones on the go is just one of a few____________ things about modern mobile phone usage. (annoy) 44. Mr Zhou, 36, has become a leading biology____________ at Fudan University.(research) 45. I am____________ in learning Spanish because I love travelling to Spain.(interest) 46. The children were____________ about the school trip to the zoo.(excite) 47. Forgetting someone's name during a speech is____________.(embarrass) 48. The sudden rain in the desert was____________ because it rarely rains there.(surprise) 49. She was deeply____________ by the kind words from her friend. (touch) 50. The non-stop noise from the construction site was really____________.(annoy) 51. Dr Lee is a famous____________ who spends day and night in the lab.(research) 52. The____________ performed amazing tricks and nobody knew how they worked.(magic) 53. I____________ started learning a new language and it has been a lot of fun.(recent) 54. She left____________ —no one asked her to leave. (voluntary) 55. She is a____________ expert in her field and often speaks at conferences.(lead) 56. The volunteers rescued the thirsty and hungry____________ and kittens.(puppy) 57. Driven by____________, he conducted some research to find out the answers.(curious) 58. The____________ made the rabbit disappear into the hat.(magic) 59. It seemed____________ that my speech was interrupted several times.(annoy) 60. Fiona is a____________ expert and plays an important role in the operation.(lead) 61. He has an____________ talent for languages, so he has no trouble communicating with others abroad.(born) 62. She's been depressed____________, but I'm sure she' ll soon get over it.(recent) 63. It was not____________ that the beach was crowded on such a hot day.(surprise) 64. The course is an opportunity for anyone to____________ their understanding of themselves.(deep) 65. At first, she couldn't speak English and was____________ with English culture.(familiar) 66. He got a new job and moved to the downtown____________. (recent) 67. The Grand Canyon is one of the natural____________ of the world.(wonderful) 68. He was____________ with himself for giving in so easily.(annoy) 69. After graduation, Mr Smith joined the company as a market____________.(research) 【U3 Curious minds知识梳理】 1. either /ˈaɪðə(r)/ adv.（用于否定词组后）也 【辨析】too，also，else与either ①too多用于肯定句或疑问句的末尾。 ②also多用于肯定句，通常放在句中，位于谓语动词前、人称代词后。 ③else 多用于疑问词或不定代词后。 ④either 多用于否定句的末尾。 2. never-ending /ˌnevə ˈendɪŋ/ adj.永无止境的；没完没了的 endless adj.无止境的；不计其数的 pretty (程度)adv. 颇；相当 放在形容词或副词前进行修饰，与quite，rather等词的意思相近。 3. touching  /ˈtʌtʃɪŋ/ adj.令人同情的；感人的 moving adj.动人的；令人感动的 4. trick /trɪk/ n.戏法；把戏 v.欺骗；欺诈 play tricks on sb愚弄某人 5. unfamiliar /ˌʌnfəˈmɪliə(r)/ adj.陌生的；不熟悉的 familiar adj.熟悉的；常见到的；常听说的 sb.is familiar with sth. 某人对某事熟悉 sth. is familiar to sb.某事物被某人熟悉 【重要词汇运用】 1) I don’t like this one，and I don’t like that one，___________.我不喜欢这个，也不喜欢那个。 2) I like apples ___________.我也喜欢苹果。 3) Do you like apples ___________？你也喜欢苹果吗？ 4) I ___________ like apples.我也喜欢苹果。 5) What ___________ do you want？你需要别的什么吗？ 6) Is there anything ___________ you need？你需要别的东西吗？ 7) I don’t like apples, ___________.我也不喜欢苹果。 8) Housework is a ___________ task.家务活做起来真是没完没了。 9) It’s ___________ hard to explain.这事很难解释清楚。 10) The story is so ___________ that it moves many of us to tears.这个故事很感人，让我们很多人感动落泪。 11) He played a ___________ on me.他捉弄了我。 12) I am ___________ with this city.我对这个城市不熟悉。 13) This course is for students who___________ ___________ ___________ computer science.本课程是为不熟悉计算机科学的学生开设的。 14) Please highlight any terms that___________ ___________ ___________ you.请把你们不熟悉的用语都标示出来。 6. aim to do sth．目标是做某事 7. as a result of 由于，因为 8. be crazy about 对······着迷；对······狂热 9. be curious about 对······感到好奇 10. be more likely to do sth．更有可能做某事 11. be related to 与…有关 12. come up with 想出；提出 = think of 13. can't do sth.=be unable to do sth.=be not able to do sth.不能做某事 14. driven by受······的驱使”“出于······（的原因） 15. decide to do sth.=make up one's mind to do sth.决定做某事 16. every now and then不时；有时 every now and then=from time to time 17. fall out of =drop from从······掉出来；从······脱落 18. go into 深入研究；深入探索 go into sth． deeply 深入研究某事 19. keep doing sth．一直做某事 20. lead sb to do sth 导致某人去做某事 常用于强调某个事件或情况对某人的影响，或用来描述某个事件或情况导致某人采取某种行动。 21. lay the groundwork for 为…奠定基础 22. reach for 伸手去拿，有时可引申为“努力争取”之意。 reach up for 伸手向上够取；努力争取 23. take in 吸收；理解；领会；记住 24. turn out 结果是；证明是 25. with the help of 在······的帮助下；借助······的帮助 26. the＋比较级，the＋比较级 越…，就越… 英语中一种特殊的比较结构，用于表示两种事物或状态之间同向变化的情况。 【重要词组运用】 1) He ___________ ___________ ___________ ports.他对体育很狂热。 2) He___________ ___________ ___________ how the machine works.他对机器的工作原理感到好奇。 3) His success___________ ___________ ___________ his hard work.他的成功和他的努力工作有关。 4) They___________ ___________ ___________ a plan to improve customer satisfaction.他们提出了一个提高客户满意度的计划。 5) ___________ ___________ hunger，he ordered a pizza.因为饿，他点了一份比萨饼。 6) ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ I take a walk in the park.我时不时会去公园散步。 7) The pen___________ ___________ ___________ her hand and rolled under the table.笔从她手中掉了出来，滚到了桌子下面。 8) The scientist___________ ___________ the experiment thoroughly to ensure accurate results.科学家深入地开展实验，以确保结果准确。 9) The challenging project___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ new skills.这个具有挑战性的项目使她发展了新技能。 10) His early experiences___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ his later success.他早期的经历为他后来的成功奠定了基础。 11) She___________ ___________ her phone on the table.她伸手去拿桌上的手机。 12) He___________ ___________ his dream of becoming a doctor.他努力实现成为医生的梦想。 13) She___________ ___________ ___________ the book on the top shelf.她伸手去够最高层架子上的书。 14) She ___________ ___________ ___________ the scholarship by studying hard.她通过努力学习争取到了奖学金。 15) She couldn’t___________ ___________ what he was saying.她无法理解他在说什么。 16) She___________ ___________ to be a very talented artist.她最终被证明是一位非常有才华的艺术家。 17) It___________ ___________（that）the experiment was a success.结果是实验成功了。 18) ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ my friends，I was able to move into my new apartment.在朋友们的帮助下，我搬进了我的新公寓。 【U3强化】 I. Match the words.将单词与其释义配对。 ( ) 1. inborn A. too many to be counted ( ) 2. curiosity B. something that happens naturally from birth ( ) 3. continuous C. happening without stopping ( ) 4. explore D. the feeling of wanting to know or learn something ( ) 5. countless E. find out more about something ( ) 6. unfamiliar F. that you do not know or recognize II. Complete the sentences by using the words in the box in their proper forms.用方框中所给单词的适当形式完成句子。 pretty either recommend tons ruin cartoon fantastic ant awake eagle 1. Look! The little___________________ are carrying a leaf together. 2. We saw a large___________________ flying high above the mountains, searching for food. 3. The stormy weather last Sunday___________________ our picnic. 4. My favourite___________________ character is Monkey King. How about yours? 5. I___________________ taking an umbrella today because the weather forecast says it will be quite rainy. 6. There are___________________ of stars in the night sky when you camp far from the city. 7. Sarah wore a___________________ lovely dress for her 10th birthday party yesterday. 8. You can choose___________________ the blue pen or the black one to write your notes. 9. The thunder kept the baby___________________ all night, so the parents felt very tired. 10. The children thought the magic show was___________________ because the tricks were amazing! III. Complete the sentences by using the words in the box in their proper forms.用所给单词的适当形式完成句子。 therefore voluntary brain result never-ending 1. We get no pay from___________________ work, but it benefits us in many ways. 2. Nancy worked really hard for her English test and___________________ she passed it. 3. Reading books is a good way to enrich your knowledge and exercise your___________________. 4. The scientist recorded the___________________ of the experiment for further analysis(分析). 5. She was annoyed by her neighbour’ s___________________ complaints. IV. Fill in the blanks with the verbs in their proper forms (用所给动词的适当形式填空) 1. While you live in my house, I expect you___________________ the rules. (follow) 2. Parents should often encourage their children___________________ more books in their free time. (read) 3. When I___________________ on the street (walk), I saw a drone___________________ over my head (fly). 4. Windows in the dining hall allow guests___________________ the whole cooking process. (see) 5. Mr. Smith's response to the news made Jerry___________________ how bad the situation was. (realize) 6. You will not achieve your goal unless you___________________ hard without stop. (work) 7. Mum always tells me___________________ any food when I have dinner at home. (not waste) V. Rewrite the sentences as required (按要求改写句子) 1. Curiosity helps the brain to better take in new information. (对画线部分提问) ___________ ___________ curiosity___________? 2. The government doesn't provide free healthcare to non-residents any longer. (保持原句意思不变) The government___________ ___________ provides free healthcare to non-residents. 3. this is your first visit to China / you'd better learn some Chinese culture (选词成句 unless, although, now that, so that) ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. he studies harder than before / Sam won't make any progress(选词成句 if, when, because, unless) ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. when, go, he, curious, make, how, he, was, them, faster, young, was, about, to (连词成句) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【U3主题阅读】 I. Choose the best answer (阅读短文,选择最恰当的答案) Imagine you are in a field at night, and suddenly, you see lots of little lights around you. You have just found a gathering of fireflies, and their twinkling lights are like a secret language. This nighttime lights show, especially in the forest, has fascinated people for a long time. Let's explore the mystery of fireflies. Did you ever wonder how fireflies make their tails glow? The special power of fireflies to make light is called bioluminescence (生物发光), a special ability that some animals, like fireflies, have to create their own light through a chemical reaction. It happens when two chemicals in their bodies combine (结合) and generate a chemical reaction that produces light. However, why do fireflies need to make light in the dark? Now, imagine you are a firefly looking for someone special in the dark. How would you find Mr. or Ms. Right? Fireflies use their glowing lights to send “hello” messages to each other. Each kind of firefly has its own special pattern of flashes, like a secret code. They use their lights as an invitation to get to know each other better, so that they can mate and produce the next generation of fireflies. But fireflies do not just use their lights for conversations. They also use them to stay safe. Imagine you are an adult firefly in the shadows, and a big spider is trying to catch you. What do you do? You turn on your light! Your bright glow is like a sign that tells the spider “I taste disgusting. Do not eat me!” This story of fireflies tells us how amazing and wonderful the natural world is. Exploring the world of fireflies helps us see how important it is to take care of nature and all its fascinating organisms(生物), no matter how small they are. ( ) 1. The writer explains how fireflies make light__________. A. by explaining in chemistry B. by giving an example C. by physical experiments D. by showing some facts ( ) 2. Why do fireflies use their lights to send messages? A. To scare away predators. B. To find food in the dark. C. To communicate and find mates. D. To show their strength to other fireflies. ( ) 3. What might happen if fireflies could not produce light? A. They would find it easier to hide from predators. B. They would have difficulty finding mates. C. They would become more active during the day. D. They would stop eating spiders. ( ) 4. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (①= Paragraph 1…) A. ①/②/③④⑤ B. ①/②③④/⑤ C. ①/②③/④⑤ D. ①/②/③④⑤ ( ) 5. What is the main purpose of fireflies’ glowing behaviour? A. To create a beautiful light show for humans. B. To communicate, find mates, and protect themselves. C. To attract spiders and other predators. D. To produce heat and stay warm at night. II. Complete the following passage with the proper words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once (将下列单词或词组填入空格。每个单词或词组只能填一次) A. submissions B. smoothly C. scientific D. preparing for E. connection F. exploring the unknown Recently, remarkable progress has been made in China's manned lunar exploration mission. The names of the manned lunar landing suit and lunar rover have been revealed. The landing suit is named “Wangyu” ( meaning “gazing into the vast universe”), while the rover is named “Tansuo” (meaning “exploration”), symbolizing the pursuit of the unknown. These names were chosen from over 9,000 ______1______ in a naming campaign by the China Manned Space Engineering Office from September to October 2024. Wangyu reflects China's dream to explore the cosmos and its ______2______ to the Feitian spacesuit used in space station missions. It shows the transition from building a “space home” to ______3______ lunar landings and deeper space exploration. Moreover, it embodies China's traditional harmony-seeking philosophy and the thirst for knowledge, as well as the nation's commitment to peaceful space use for the betterment of humanity. Tansuo spotlights the lunar rover's key task of uncovering lunar secrets. It aligns with China's ambitious aerospace dream, highlighting the bold spirit of constantly trying new things and ______4______ The Wangyu landing suit is designed to provide astronauts with essential life support and protection in the harsh lunar environment, while the Tansuo rover is equipped with advanced instruments for scientific research and exploration. Currently, both the Wangyu landing suit and the Tansuo rover have entered the initial prototype development stage, and work is progressing ______5______ This is a significant step forward for China's manned lunar exploration, bringing the dream of Chinese astronauts walking on the Moon closer to reality. This mission is expected to yield valuable ______6______ data and drive advancements in space technology, contributing to the global understanding of the Moon and beyond. III. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的内容完成短文) You would see mountains and valleys if you looked at the Moon through a telescope (望远镜).If you looked at the planet Jupiter, you would see its moons. Galileo was the first person to see these things ______1______ a telescope. Galileo did not invent the telescope. It was first made by a Dutch lens maker (镜片制造人). But Galileo improved the design so he was ______2______ to study the stars and planets closely. Some people call hı m the first astronomer (天文学家). As he studied the sky, Galileo found proof that the planets orbit(沿轨道运行) around the Sun. He was not the first person to believe this, but he was the first to prove that it was true. People of that time believed that Earth was the centre of the universe and ______3______ in space moved around Earth. Galileo got into trouble with the government and the church for saying that what they believed was wrong. He had to ______4______ what he said or else he would have gone to jail. Galileo was more than an astronomer. He was an inventor as well. He invented the first thermometre (温度计). His thermometre did not measure exact temperatures, ______5______ it did show if a temperature was higher or lower or the same as another temperature. He invented a compass that was used for aiming cannonballs(炮弹) shot out of a cannon. Later the compass was used to survey land. He ______6______ a device that used a horse and buckets to raise water. This was used for irrigation(灌溉). Galileo thought about the world in a new way. Before Galileo, people did not run experiments or ______7______ their ideas. It was enough just to think about ideas. Galileo wanted to try out his ideas and see if they worked in the world. Galileo was one of the first real scientists. ( ) 1. A. through B. by C. in D. on ( ) 2. A. ready B. able C. eager D. likely ( ) 3. A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything ( ) 4. A. take off B. take up C. take back D. take away ( ) 5. A. so B. and C. but D. or ( ) 6. A. invented B. invited C. uncovered D. explored ( ) 7. A. explore B. question C. study D. test IV. Read the passage and complete the tasks. 阅读短文,完成任务。 Who are they? Guo Jingjing Born on 15 October 1981, Guo Jingjing is seen as one of the most successful female divers in Olympic history. She joined the Chinese national team in 1992.Then she entered her first Olympic competition in 1996, when she won fifth place in platform diving. In the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, she received her first gold medal. Guo was called “The Princess of Diving” because of her success in the sport. She earned a total of four gold medals in the Olympic Games. People are so used to seeing her winning medals that they were greatly disappointed when she retired from diving in 2011. J. K. Rowling J. K. Rowling was born on 31 July 1965 in England. She is best known as the author of the Harry Potter series, which has been translated into 65 languages. At six, J. K. Rowling created her first story, which was called Rabbit. The first Harry Potter book, Harry Potter and the Philosopher’ s Stone, was first published in1997, and the last of the series was published in 2007. J. K. Rowling used to live on public assistance (公共援助), but now she is one of the richest people in Britain. She donates generously (慷慨地) to charities that help children and single-parent families. Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale, who was well-known for her contribution (贡献) to nursing, was born on 12 May 1820 and was named after her birthplace in Italy. Although her parents wanted her to get married, she pursued herself in nursing, which had a poor reputation(名声) at that time. In 1854–1856, she took care of the injured soldiers in the Crimean War and was called the “Lady with the Lamp”. After the war, she worked to make nursing a respectable profession. In 1883, Queen Victoria awarded her the Royal Red Cross. She died on 13 August 1910. The Nightingale School of Nursing, which used to be called the Nightingale Training School for Nurses, was set up by her in 1860. Choose the best answer. 选择最恰当的答案。 ( ) 1. When did Guo Jingjing win fifth place in platform diving? A. In 1981. B. In 1992. C. In 1996. D. In 2008. ( ) 2. The underlined phrase “retired from diving” in the first paragraph means___________. A. stopped diving B. stopped getting medals for diving C. stopped taking part in the Olympic Games D. stopped being “The Princess of Diving” ( ) 3. What nationality is J. K. Rowling? A. Chinese. B. American. C. Italian. D. British. ( ) 4. The underlined word “six” in the introduction about J. K. Rowling refers to___________. A. six o’clock B. six languages C. number six, on the street where her home was D. six years old ( ) 5. Which of the following sentences is true according to the passage? ① The Nightingale School of Nursing was set up by Nightingale in the 1850s. ② Nightingale has made a great contribution to nursing, which was at first a profession with a poor reputation. ③ Nightingale lived to be 80 years old. ④ Nightingale was call the “Lady with the Lamp” because of her nursing work during the Crimean War. A. ①② B. ③④ C. ②④ D. ②③ Answer the questions. 回答问题。 1. Why is Guo Jingjing famous? 2. What does the name Rabbit refer to? 3. Is the Harry Potter series successful? Why? 4. In which city of Italy was Florence Nightingale born? 5. Did Florence Nightingale's parents want her to be a nurse? Why? 1 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $LAITY自制 讲义内容 1. U3 Curious minds知识梳理 2. U3强化练习 (课文解析&词转专项&U3基础&主题阅读) 【课文解析】 A. The night before my seventh (7) birthday, I couldn’t sleep. Every now and then I heard a little yap. “What can that be?” I wondered (wonder). Driven by curiosity (curious), I decided to have (have) a look. Following the sound, I came to the kitchen. I saw a box shaking (shake) on a shelf. I reached up for it with the help of (在…的帮助下) a chair. As I was climbing down, the box suddenly fell (fall) out of my hands. A puppy [ˈpʌpi] jumped out and started barking (bark) loudly — in the middle of the night! This is how my curiosity ruined a birthday surprise! 教师补充说明： 1) couldn＇t sleep：情态动词否定式，描述过去无法完成的状态。 【同义】can＇t do sth.=beunable to do sth.=bnot able to do sth.没能力做某事 2) every now and then：固定短语，意为“时不时地”，表示动作的间断性。 3) a little yap：拟声词，模仿小狗叫声，增强画面感。 4) no wonder并不奇怪；不足为奇 wonder＋how／why／where／if...想知道如何／为什么／哪里／是否······ 5) 过去分词作状语：Driven by．．．（被······驱动），逻辑主语需与主句主语一致。 6) decide to do sth．：决定做某事，后接动词原形。 【同义】make up one＇s mind to do sth. 7) 现在分词作状语：Following··．（跟随······），表示伴随动作。 8) shake hands with sb.与某人握手 9) fall out of：短语动词，表示“从······中掉落”。=dropfrom 【同义】fall outof =drop from 【词转】fall-fell-fallen不规则动词变形 10) bark at 狗朝着（对着）某人叫；对······狗吠 bark up the wrong tree 错怪人；目标错误 B. The power of curiosity “Why?” the little girl asks her father. He gives an answer, and she asks again, “Why?” To the parent, these questions may seem never-ending (没完没了的), even a little annoying (annoy). But a child’s curiosity is very important for the growing mind. 教师补充说明： 11) endless adj.无止境的；无休止的 Curiosity helps the brain [breɪn] to better take in new information. In a 2014 study, the researcher (research) invited some people to rate (rate) their curiosity about some questions before (after/before) telling them the answers. One hour later, the researcher tested how well (good/well) they remembered the answers. Results (result) showed that when people were very curious about the fact, they were 30% more likely (like) to remember it. 教师补充说明： 12) help sb．（to）do sth．表示“帮助某人做某事”，不定式符号to可省略。 13) take in 短语动词，意为“吸收；理解”。= absorb 14) rate v.划分等级；评估 rate n.比率；等级 at this／that rate 照这（或那）种情形；既然如此（或那样）、at any rate 无论如何；不管怎样 【辨析】estimate，assess，evaluate，value 和rate的区别 ①estimate 通常指由个人作出的主观估价。 ②assess 原义指为确定交多少税而估计，引申指通过估价以便更好地利用。 ③evaluate多用于对人物的某方面的评价，很少用于评价某物的市场价值。 ④value 侧重指一般人对某物的价值或价格所作的估计。 ⑤rate 专指评定价值等级的高低。 15) result in＝lead to造成；导致 16) be curious about 对······感到好奇 keep a curious mind 保持好奇心 17) be more likely to do sth．更有可能做某事 Curiosity also leads to more exciting ideas. In 1918, magician (magic) Harry made a big elephant disappear (appear) on the stage. In a recent experiment, people were asked how curious they were about Harry’s trick [trɪk] and then given a few (a few/a little) minutes to design their own magic tricks (trick). It turned out the more curious group came up with more wonderful ideas. 教师补充说明： 18) play a trick on sb.捉弄某人 cheat，deceive，trick和fool的区别 ①cheat 普通用词，指用蒙蔽他人的手段取得所需之物，尤多指在赢利的买卖中欺骗人。 ②deceive 最普通用词，指用虚假外表使人信以为真，或蓄意歪曲事实，或造成错误印象使人上当受骗。 ③trick 指用阴谋诡计等骗得信任或得到所需之物。 ④fool 指把别人当傻瓜，愚弄欺骗别人。 19) turn out 表示“结果是，证明是”，后接从句或形容词。 20) come up with 短语动词，意为“提出（想法）；想出”。【同义】think of Curiosity encourages people to deepen (deep) knowledge and understanding in different areas. Jeff Armstrong, a successful (success) engineer, designs cars. “As a kid, I was crazy about cars," says Jeff." I learned to do simple repairs to the family car. This led me to study engineering (engineer)." Dr Fiona Grey, a leading heart doctor, says, “As a girl, I was very curious about how the human body worked, so I studied (study) medicine." As Richard Feynman said, “Nearly everything is (be) really interesting if you go into it deeply (deep) enough." Therefore (因此), keep a curious mind - keep asking why. You never know where it may lead you! 教师补充说明： 21) encourage sb． to do sth．表示“鼓励某人做某事”。 22) be crazy about sth.对某事着迷 drive sb. crazy 使某人发疯 23) go into sth．短语动词，此处意为“深入研究某事”。【同义】explore go into sth． deeply 深入研究某事 24) for this reason／thus 因此 C. Yiming: Hey, Bailing! How was your holiday? Bailing: Pretty good! I read (read) seven books. Yiming: Wow, that's a lot (a lot/a lot of)! Bailing: My brother kept asking (ask) me strange questions, so I had to look for answers in books. Yiming: Really? So, what did he ask? Bailing: Well, why do we have two eyes when (when/while) we can see even with just one? Do you know? Yiming: No, I don't! Bailing: I didn't, either (too/either). Luckily (luck), books seem to have the answer to everything! And the more I read (我读得越多), the more I wanted to find out. Yiming: Good for you! Any good books to recommend? Bailing: Tons! But don't read them all at once, or you'll ruin [ˈruːɪn] your eyesight! Yiming: Maybe (Maybe/ May be) that's why we have two eyes instead of one! So we can read more! 教师补充说明： 25) keep doing sth．一直做某事 26) look相关的搭配： look after＝take care of 照顾 look forward to doing sth.期待做某事 look out＝watch out 当心，注意 lookon＝look upon 认为，看待 look up 查找，查询 look for 寻找 27) also 比too正式一些，语气较重，只用于肯定句，一般紧靠动词。 too语气较轻，多用于口语，在肯定句中使用，通常位于句末。 as well一般不用否定句，通常放在句末，强调时可放在句中。 either 用于否定句，放在句末，之前加逗号。 28) the answer to everything 一切问题的答案 29) discover，find，detect，look for，find out的区别： ①discover 指发现本来存在，但不被认识的事物、真理或情况。 ②find指经过寻找后得到或重新获得已失去的东西，强调动作的结果。 ③detect 正式用词，强调经过周密观察或研究而有所获得和发现，尤指发现有意隐藏之物。 ④look for 指寻找东西，强调寻找的过程。 ⑤find out 强调查明真相。 30) break，destroy，ruin，wreck，damage的区别： ①break普通用词，指某物因被打破或撕破而受到破坏。 ②destroy 多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏。 ③ruin 多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭，侧重破坏的彻底性。 ④wreck 侧重指船只、车辆、房屋等受到严重破坏或完全毁坏。 ⑤damage 多指对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。 31) have good／bad／poor eyesight 视力好／不好／差 【辨析】vision，eyesight，sight的区别： ①vision 书面用词，含义广泛，指人的视力或视野，也可指远见卓识。 ②eyesight 普通用词，指眼睛的正常功能。 ③sight 普通用词，与eyesight同义，可换用，指由实实在在的事物引起的视觉。 32) maybe＝perhaps＝possibly＝probably 也许 D. Curious minds in history It is said that one day, Isaac Newton was sitting under a tree. An apple fell and hit (hit) the ground beside him. (Some people say the apple fell on his head, but who knows?) He then wondered why things fall down, not up or sideways. That's how he came up with the idea of gravity. Legend has it that Archimedes阿基米德noticed that when he got out of his bath, the water in it went down. He then found (find) that the level of the water in the bath was related相关的;有联系的to how much of his body was in the water! This was a very important discovery (discover) in physics. When young, Qian Xuesen was curious about why paper planes could fly and how to make them go faster. Driven by this curiosity, he worked hard (hard/hardly) and became a pioneer in aerospace航空航天（工业）.His research laid the groundwork基础工作for the technology used in Shenzhou spacecraft. 教师补充说明： 1) be related to：固定短语，表示“与······有关”。 2) lay the groundwork for：固定短语，表示“为······奠定基础”。 【U3单词】 单词 音标 词性 释义 1. inborn /ˌɪnˈbɔːn/ adj. 天生的 2. unfamiliar /ˌʌnfəˈmɪliə(r)/ adj. 陌生的；不熟悉的 3. preschooler /ˌpriːˈskuːlə/ n. (美) 学龄前儿童 4. grown - up /ˌɡrəʊn ˈʌp/ n. (尤指用于对儿童说话时) 大人 5. continuous /kənˈtɪnjuəs/ adj. 不断的；持续的；连续的 6. either /ˈaɪðə(r)/ adv. (用于否定词组后) 也 7. ruin /ˈruːɪn/ v. 毁坏；破坏 8. eyesight /ˈaɪsaɪt/ n. 视力 9. fantastic /fænˈtæstɪk/ adj. 极好的；了不起的 10. grandparent /ˈɡrænpeərənt/ n. 祖父；祖母；外祖父；外祖母 11. ant /ænt/ n. 蚂蚁 12. metro /ˈmetrəʊ/ n. 地铁 13. surprising /səˈpraɪzɪŋ/ adj. 令人吃惊的 14. touching /ˈtʌtʃɪŋ/ adj. 令人同情的；感人的 15. movie /ˈmuːvi/ n. (美) 电影 16. cartoon /kɑːˈtuːn/ n. 动画片；卡通片 17. never - ending /ˌnevə(r) ˈendɪŋ/ adj. 永无止境的；没完没了的 18. annoying /əˈnɔɪɪŋ/ adj. 使恼怒的；使生气的 19. brain /breɪn/ n. 脑；脑力 20. researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/ n. 研究人员 21. rate /reɪt/ v. 划分等级；评估 22. result /rɪˈzʌlt/ n. 结果 23. magician /məˈdʒɪʃn/ n. 魔术师；变戏法的人 24. recent /ˈriːsnt/ adj. 近来的；新近的 25. trick /trɪk/ n. 戏法；把戏 26. deepen /ˈdiːpn/ v. (使) 变深；加深 27. understanding /ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ/ n. 理解；领悟；了解 28. crazy /ˈkreɪzi/ adj. 热衷的；狂热的 29. therefore /ˈðeəfɔː(r)/ adv. 因此 30. wonder /ˈwʌndə(r)/ v. 想知道；想弄明白；琢磨 31. shake /ʃeɪk/ v. 摇动；抖动 32. puppy /ˈpʌpi/ n. 小狗；幼犬 33. bark /bɑːk/ v. (狗等的) 吠声 . 【U3词转】 1. annoy v.使恼怒;使生气→annoying adj.使恼怒的;使生气的→annoyed adj.感到恼怒的;感到生气的 2. continuous adj.不断的;持续的;连续的→continue v.继续→discontinuous adj.不连续的 3. curious adj.好奇的→curiosity n.好奇心→curiously adv.好奇地 4. cartoon n.动画片;卡通片→cartoonist n.漫画家 5. crazy adj.热衷的;狂热的→crazily adv.热衷地;狂热地→craziness n.疯狂;狂热 →craze n.（通常为一时的）狂热,疯狂;风行一时的东西 6. deepen v.(使)变深;加深→deep adj.深的→depth n.深度→deeply adv.深深地 7. fantastic adj极好的;了不起的→fantasy n.憧憬;幻想作品 8. lead v.带领→leading adj.领先的; 最重要的;一流的→leader n.领袖 9. legend n.传说;传奇故事→legendary adj.传奇的→legendarily adv.传奇似地 10. magician n.魔术师;变戏法的人→magic n.魔法;魔术→magical adj.神奇的 11. researcher n.研究者→research v.研究 n.研究→search v.搜寻;探查 12. recent adj.近来的;新近的→recently adv.最近地 13. ruin v.毁坏;破坏→ruins n.遗迹;废墟 14. surprise n.惊喜;惊讶→surprise v.使惊喜;使惊讶→surprised adj.感到惊讶的;感到吃惊的 →surprising adj.令人惊讶的;令人吃惊的→surprisingly adv.惊讶地 15. touch v.触摸;使感动→touching adj.令人同情的;感人的→touched adj.感动的 16. unfamiliar adj.陌生的;不熟悉的→familiar adj.熟悉的→family n.家庭→familiarize v.使熟悉 17. understanding n.理解;领悟;了解→understand v.理解 18. voluntary adj.自愿的;主动的;志愿的→volunteer v.自愿做;义务做 n.志愿者;自告奋勇者 19. wonder v.想知道;想弄明白;琢磨→wonder n.奇迹→wonderful adj.美好的 【U3词转专项练习】 1. If that sounds____________, a new study has bad news. (unfamiliar) 2. Plenty of unexplained footprints, bodies and stories____________ to feed out curiosity as well. (continuous) 3. At first, I was____________ because it wasn't funny like your other books. (surprise) 4. It's not____________ the people are attracted to China to enjoy the rich culture it has to offer. (surprise) 5. I was____________ to find that he regarded me as engaging. (touch) 1. unfamiliar 2.continue 3.surprised 4.surprising 5.touched 6. It is a very____________ moment to witness a young couple who are in love are tied by marriage. (touch) 7. In 2016, a ____________ called Carlos Moreno put forward the “15-Minute City” idea. (research) 8. In each group, one person was asked to watch a popular video of a street__________ performing for a crowd. (magic) 9. ____________, I've started to do a lot of walking and cycling to lose weight. (recent) 10. Her wrinkles(皱纹) ____________ with age.(deep) 6.touching 7.researcher 8.magician 9.Recently 10.deepen 11. Holding his breath for about three minutes, Jerald swam down to a____________ of 112metres. (deep) 12. Does your breakfast-room get a____________ view of the lake from four windows? (wonder) 13. The film features a____________ actor known for his versatile performances. (lead) 14. His____________ nature led him to explore every corner of the ancient library. (curiosity) 15. He has this____________ way of always being right, no matter what the topic is. (annoy) 11.depth 12.wonderful 13.leading 14. curious 15. annoying 16. It is____________ that she will attend the meeting tomorrow, as she has been very involved in the project. (like) 17. I ____________ tried a new recipe for dinner, and it turned out to be delicious! (recent) 18. The shadows began to____________ as the sun set behind the mountains. (deep) 19. Why not ____________ your mum clean the kitchen together? (help) 20. Peter forgot____________ his umbrella and he was wet through.(take) 16. likely 17. recently 18. deepen 19.help 20. to take 21. It is important for us____________ water every day.(save) 22. They decide ____________ a party this Sunday.(have) 23. We're planning____________ on a trip to France in spring.(go) 24. The story was so____________ that many people cried.(touch) 25. The____________ spent years studying the behavior of ants. (research) 21. to save 22. to have 23. to go 24. touching 25. researcher 26. His eyesight is getting____________ because of too much screen time.(bad) 27. The movie was a great____________.(succeed) 28. The magician's performance was full of____________.(amaze) 29. The____________ of the river is about 5 meters.(deep) 30. The____________ rain made the roads very slippery.(continue) 26. worse 27. success 28. amazement 29. depth 30. continuous 31. The price of vegetables has gone up____________.(recent) 32. This young____________ seems very enthusiastic about his project.(research) 33. The____________ result of the experiment left everyone in the lab speechless.(surprise) 34. Reading more books can help you____________ your understanding of different cultures.(deep) 35. The manager discovered that the young man did an excellent job in his college, which aroused the manager s____________.(curious) 31.recently 32.researcher 33.surprising 34.deepen 35.curiosity 36. They haven't received any letters or emails from Wendy____________.(recent) 37. Carl told us that his trip to the United States was a____________ experience.(wonder) 38. I hadn't seen Anders for ages. When I appeared before him, he looked very____________ (surprise) 39. It was a very____________ moment to witness a big event.(touch) 40. It can____________ your conversation by giving you something interesting to talk about.(deep) 36.recently 37.wonderful 38.surprised 39.touching 40.deepen 41. Many travellers feel nervous about going to a new and____________ place.(familiar) 42. They have been making a low____________ sound for a day or two.(continue) 43. Checking phones on the go is just one of a few____________ things about modern mobile phone usage. (annoy) 44. Mr Zhou, 36, has become a leading biology____________ at Fudan University.(research) 45. I am____________ in learning Spanish because I love travelling to Spain.(interest) 41.unfamiliar 42.continuous 43.annoying 45.researcher 46.interested 46. The children were____________ about the school trip to the zoo.(excite) 47. Forgetting someone's name during a speech is____________.(embarrass) 48. The sudden rain in the desert was____________ because it rarely rains there.(surprise) 49. She was deeply____________ by the kind words from her friend. (touch) 50. The non-stop noise from the construction site was really____________.(annoy) 41. excited 42. embarrassing 43. surprising 44. touched 45.annoying 51. Dr Lee is a famous____________ who spends day and night in the lab.(research) 52. The____________ performed amazing tricks and nobody knew how they worked.(magic) 53. I____________ started learning a new language and it has been a lot of fun.(recent) 54. She left____________ —no one asked her to leave. (voluntary) 55. She is a____________ expert in her field and often speaks at conferences.(lead) 51. researcher 52. magician 53. recently 54. voluntarily 55. leading 56. The volunteers rescued the thirsty and hungry____________ and kittens.(puppy) 57. Driven by____________, he conducted some research to find out the answers.(curious) 58. The____________ made the rabbit disappear into the hat.(magic) 59. It seemed____________ that my speech was interrupted several times.(annoy) 60. Fiona is a____________ expert and plays an important role in the operation.(lead) 56. puppies 57 . curiosity 58. magician 59. annoying 60. leading 61. He has an____________ talent for languages, so he has no trouble communicating with others abroad.(born) 62. She's been depressed____________, but I'm sure she' ll soon get over it.(recent) 63. It was not____________ that the beach was crowded on such a hot day.(surprise) 64. The course is an opportunity for anyone to____________ their understanding of themselves.(deep) 65. At first, she couldn't speak English and was____________ with English culture.(familiar) 61. inborn 62. recently 63. surprising 64. deepen 65. unfamiliar 66. He got a new job and moved to the downtown____________. (recent) 67. The Grand Canyon is one of the natural____________ of the world.(wonderful) 68. He was____________ with himself for giving in so easily.(annoy) 69. After graduation, Mr Smith joined the company as a market____________.(research) 66. recently67. wonders 68. annoyed 69. researcher 【U3 Curious minds知识梳理】 1. either /ˈaɪðə(r)/ adv.（用于否定词组后）也 【辨析】too，also，else与either ①too多用于肯定句或疑问句的末尾。 ②also多用于肯定句，通常放在句中，位于谓语动词前、人称代词后。 ③else 多用于疑问词或不定代词后。 ④either 多用于否定句的末尾。 2. never-ending /ˌnevə ˈendɪŋ/ adj.永无止境的；没完没了的 endless adj.无止境的；不计其数的 pretty (程度)adv. 颇；相当 放在形容词或副词前进行修饰，与quite，rather等词的意思相近。 3. touching  /ˈtʌtʃɪŋ/ adj.令人同情的；感人的 moving adj.动人的；令人感动的 4. trick /trɪk/ n.戏法；把戏 v.欺骗；欺诈 play tricks on sb愚弄某人 5. unfamiliar /ˌʌnfəˈmɪliə(r)/ adj.陌生的；不熟悉的 familiar adj.熟悉的；常见到的；常听说的 sb.is familiar with sth. 某人对某事熟悉 sth. is familiar to sb.某事物被某人熟悉 【重要词汇运用】 1) I don’t like this one，and I don’t like that one，either.我不喜欢这个，也不喜欢那个。 2) I like apples too.我也喜欢苹果。 3) Do you like apples too？你也喜欢苹果吗？ 4) I also like apples.我也喜欢苹果。 5) What else do you want？你需要别的什么吗？ 6) Is there anything else you need？你需要别的东西吗？ 7) I don’t like apples，either.我也不喜欢苹果。 8) Housework is a never-ending task.家务活做起来真是没完没了。 9) It’s pretty hard to explain.这事很难解释清楚。 10) The story is so touching that it moves many of us to tears.这个故事很感人，让我们很多人感动落泪。 11) He played a trick on me.他捉弄了我。 12) I am unfamiliar with this city.我对这个城市不熟悉。 13) This course is for students who are unfamiliar with computer science.本课程是为不熟悉计算机科学的学生开设的。 14) Please highlight any terms that are unfamiliar to you.请把你们不熟悉的用语都标示出来。 6. aim to do sth．目标是做某事 7. as a result of 由于，因为 8. be crazy about 对······着迷；对······狂热 9. be curious about 对······感到好奇 10. be more likely to do sth．更有可能做某事 11. be related to 与…有关 12. come up with 想出；提出 = think of 13. can't do sth.=be unable to do sth.=be not able to do sth.不能做某事 14. driven by受······的驱使”“出于······（的原因） 15. decide to do sth.=make up one's mind to do sth.决定做某事 16. every now and then不时；有时 every now and then=from time to time 17. fall out of =drop from从······掉出来；从······脱落 18. go into 深入研究；深入探索 go into sth． deeply 深入研究某事 19. keep doing sth．一直做某事 20. lead sb to do sth 导致某人去做某事 常用于强调某个事件或情况对某人的影响，或用来描述某个事件或情况导致某人采取某种行动。 21. lay the groundwork for 为…奠定基础 22. reach for 伸手去拿，有时可引申为“努力争取”之意。 reach up for 伸手向上够取；努力争取 23. take in 吸收；理解；领会；记住 24. turn out 结果是；证明是 25. with the help of 在······的帮助下；借助······的帮助 26. the＋比较级，the＋比较级 越…，就越… 英语中一种特殊的比较结构，用于表示两种事物或状态之间同向变化的情况。 【重要词组运用】 1) He is crazy about sports.他对体育很狂热。 2) He is curious about how the machine works.他对机器的工作原理感到好奇。 3) His success is related to his hard work.他的成功和他的努力工作有关。 4) They came up with a plan to improve customer satisfaction.他们提出了一个提高客户满意度的计划。 5) Driven by hunger，he ordered a pizza.因为饿，他点了一份比萨饼。 6) From time to time／Every now and then I take a walk in the park.我时不时会去公园散步。 7) The pen fell out of her hand and rolled under the table.笔从她手中掉了出来，滚到了桌子下面。 8) The scientist went into the experiment thoroughly to ensure accurate results.科学家深入地开展实验，以确保结果准确。 9) The challenging project led her to develop new skills.这个具有挑战性的项目使她发展了新技能。 10) His early experiences laid the groundwork for his later success.他早期的经历为他后来的成功奠定了基础。 11) She reached for her phone on the table.她伸手去拿桌上的手机。 12) He reached for his dream of becoming a doctor.他努力实现成为医生的梦想。 13) She reached up for the book on the top shelf.她伸手去够最高层架子上的书。 14) She reached up for the scholarship by studying hard.她通过努力学习争取到了奖学金。 15) She couldn’t take in what he was saying.她无法理解他在说什么。 16) She turned out to be a very talented artist.她最终被证明是一位非常有才华的艺术家。 17) It turned out（that）the experiment was a success.结果是实验成功了。 18) With the help of my friends， I was able to move into my new apartment.在朋友们的帮助下，我搬进了我的新公寓。 【U3强化】 I. Match the words.将单词与其释义配对。 ( ) 1. inborn A. too many to be counted ( ) 2. curiosity B. something that happens naturally from birth ( ) 3. continuous C. happening without stopping ( ) 4. explore D. the feeling of wanting to know or learn something ( ) 5. countless E. find out more about something ( ) 6. unfamiliar F. that you do not know or recognize 1. B 2.D 3. C 4.E 5.A 6.F II. Complete the sentences by using the words in the box in their proper forms.用方框中所给单词的适当形式完成句子。 pretty either recommend tons ruin cartoon fantastic ant awake eagle 1. Look! The little___________________ are carrying a leaf together. 2. We saw a large___________________ flying high above the mountains, searching for food. 3. The stormy weather last Sunday___________________ our picnic. 4. My favourite___________________ character is Monkey King. How about yours? 5. I___________________ taking an umbrella today because the weather forecast says it will be quite rainy. 6. There are___________________ of stars in the night sky when you camp far from the city. 7. Sarah wore a___________________ lovely dress for her 10th birthday party yesterday. 8. You can choose___________________ the blue pen or the black one to write your notes. 9. The thunder kept the baby___________________ all night, so the parents felt very tired. 10. The children thought the magic show was___________________ because the tricks were amazing! 1. ants 2. eagle 3. ruined 4. cartoon 5. recommend 6. tons 7. pretty 8. either 9.awake 10.fantastic III. Complete the sentences by using the words in the box in their proper forms.用方框中所给单词的适当形式完成句子。 therefore voluntary brain result never-ending 1. We get no pay from___________________ work, but it benefits us in many ways. 2. Nancy worked really hard for her English test and___________________ she passed it. 3. Reading books is a good way to enrich your knowledge and exercise your___________________. 4. The scientist recorded the___________________ of the experiment for further analysis(分析). 5. She was annoyed by her neighbour’ s___________________ complaints. 1. voluntary 2. therefore 3. brain 4. result 5. never-ending IV. Fill in the blanks with the verbs in their proper forms (用所给动词的适当形式填空) 1. While you live in my house, I expect you___________________ the rules. (follow) 2. Parents should often encourage their children___________________ more books in their free time. (read) 3. When I___________________ on the street (walk), I saw a drone___________________ over my head (fly). 4. Windows in the dining hall allow guests___________________ the whole cooking process. (see) 5. Mr. Smith's response to the news made Jerry___________________ how bad the situation was. (realize) 6. You will not achieve your goal unless you___________________ hard without stop. (work) 7. Mum always tells me___________________ any food when I have dinner at home. (not waste) 1. to follow 2. to read 3. was walking, flying 4. to see 5. realize 6. work 7. not to waste V. Rewrite the sentences as required (按要求改写句子) 1. Curiosity helps the brain to better take in new information. (对画线部分提问) ___________ ___________ curiosity___________? 2. The government doesn't provide free healthcare to non-residents any longer. (保持原句意思不变) The government___________ ___________ provides free healthcare to non-residents. 3. this is your first visit to China / you'd better learn some Chinese culture (选词成句 unless, although, now that, so that) ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. he studies harder than before / Sam won't make any progress(选词成句 if, when, because, unless) ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. when, go, he, curious, make, how, he, was, them, faster, young, was, about, to (连词成句) ________________________________________________________________________________ 1. What does, do 2. no longer 3. Now that this is your first visit to China, you'd better learn some Chinese culture. 4. Sam won't make any progress unless he studies harder than before. 5. When he was young, he was curious about how to make them go faster. 【U3主题阅读】 I. Choose the best answer (阅读短文,选择最恰当的答案) Imagine you are in a field at night, and suddenly, you see lots of little lights around you. You have just found a gathering of fireflies, and their twinkling lights are like a secret language. This nighttime lights show, especially in the forest, has fascinated people for a long time. Let's explore the mystery of fireflies. Did you ever wonder how fireflies make their tails glow? The special power of fireflies to make light is called bioluminescence (生物发光), a special ability that some animals, like fireflies, have to create their own light through a chemical reaction. It happens when two chemicals in their bodies combine (结合) and generate a chemical reaction that produces light. However, why do fireflies need to make light in the dark? Now, imagine you are a firefly looking for someone special in the dark. How would you find Mr. or Ms. Right? Fireflies use their glowing lights to send “hello” messages to each other. Each kind of firefly has its own special pattern of flashes, like a secret code. They use their lights as an invitation to get to know each other better, so that they can mate and produce the next generation of fireflies. But fireflies do not just use their lights for conversations. They also use them to stay safe. Imagine you are an adult firefly in the shadows, and a big spider is trying to catch you. What do you do? You turn on your light! Your bright glow is like a sign that tells the spider “I taste disgusting. Do not eat me!” This story of fireflies tells us how amazing and wonderful the natural world is. Exploring the world of fireflies helps us see how important it is to take care of nature and all its fascinating organisms(生物), no matter how small they are. ( ) 1. The writer explains how fireflies make light__________. A. by explaining in chemistry B. by giving an example C. by physical experiments D. by showing some facts ( ) 2. Why do fireflies use their lights to send messages? A. To scare away predators. B. To find food in the dark. C. To communicate and find mates. D. To show their strength to other fireflies. ( ) 3. What might happen if fireflies could not produce light? A. They would find it easier to hide from predators. B. They would have difficulty finding mates. C. They would become more active during the day. D. They would stop eating spiders. ( ) 4. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (①= Paragraph 1…) A. ①/②/③④⑤ B. ①/②③④/⑤ C. ①/②③/④⑤ D. ①/②/③④⑤ ( ) 5. What is the main purpose of fireflies’ glowing behaviour? A. To create a beautiful light show for humans. B. To communicate, find mates, and protect themselves. C. To attract spiders and other predators. D. To produce heat and stay warm at night. 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. B 1. 答案：A 解析：题目问作者如何解释萤火虫发光的原理。 定位：第②段第 2-3 句 “The special power of fireflies to make light is called bioluminescence... It happens when two chemicals in their bodies combine and generate a chemical reaction that produces light.” 关键：作者通过说明萤火虫体内 “两种化学物质结合产生化学反应” 来解释发光，属于化学层面的解释，对应选项 A。 2. 答案：C 解析：题目问萤火虫用光线传递信息的原因。 定位：第③段第 3-5 句 “Fireflies use their glowing lights to send ‘hello’ messages to each other... They use their lights as an invitation to get to know each other better, so that they can mate and produce the next generation of fireflies.” 关键：光线的作用是 “传递问候信息”（沟通）和 “吸引配偶繁殖”，对应选项 C。 3. 答案：B 解析：题目问若萤火虫无法发光，可能发生什么。 定位：第③段第 5 句 “They use their lights as an invitation to get to know each other better, so that they can mate and produce the next generation of fireflies.” 关键：发光是萤火虫 “寻找配偶” 的核心方式，若无法发光，最直接的影响是 “难以找到配偶”，对应选项 B。其他选项无原文依据（A “更容易躲天敌” 与第④段 “发光警示天敌” 矛盾；C “白天更活跃”、D “不吃蜘蛛” 未提及）。 4.答案：B 解析：题目问文章结构（①= 第 1 段，以此类推）。 段落功能分析： ①：引入话题（夜晚萤火虫的光及探索其奥秘的必要性）； ②③④：分点解释萤火虫的奥秘（②“如何发光”、③“为何发光传递信息”、④“发光的另一作用 —— 自保”）； ⑤：总结升华（强调自然界的奇妙及保护自然的重要性）。 结构：①（引入）/ ②③④（分述）/ ⑤（总结），对应选项 B。 5.答案：B 解析：题目问萤火虫发光行为的主要目的。 定位：第③段（发光传递信息、寻找配偶）和第④段（发光警示天敌、保护自己）。 关键：发光的核心目的有两个 ——“沟通与找配偶”（第③段）、“自保”（第④段），对应选项 B。其他选项错误（A “为人类创造灯光秀” 是人类视角，非萤火虫自身目的；C “吸引天敌” 与第④段 “警示天敌” 矛盾；D “产热保暖” 未提及）。 II. Complete the following passage with the proper words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once (将下列单词或词组填入空格。每个单词或词组只能填一次) A. submissions B. smoothly C. scientific D. preparing for E. connection F. exploring the unknown Recently, remarkable progress has been made in China's manned lunar exploration mission. The names of the manned lunar landing suit and lunar rover have been revealed. The landing suit is named “Wangyu” ( meaning “gazing into the vast universe”), while the rover is named “Tansuo” (meaning “exploration”), symbolizing the pursuit of the unknown. These names were chosen from over 9,000 ______1______ in a naming campaign by the China Manned Space Engineering Office from September to October 2024. Wangyu reflects China's dream to explore the cosmos and its ______2______ to the Feitian spacesuit used in space station missions. It shows the transition from building a “space home” to ______3______ lunar landings and deeper space exploration. Moreover, it embodies China's traditional harmony-seeking philosophy and the thirst for knowledge, as well as the nation's commitment to peaceful space use for the betterment of humanity. Tansuo spotlights the lunar rover's key task of uncovering lunar secrets. It aligns with China's ambitious aerospace dream, highlighting the bold spirit of constantly trying new things and ______4______ The Wangyu landing suit is designed to provide astronauts with essential life support and protection in the harsh lunar environment, while the Tansuo rover is equipped with advanced instruments for scientific research and exploration. Currently, both the Wangyu landing suit and the Tansuo rover have entered the initial prototype development stage, and work is progressing ______5______ This is a significant step forward for China's manned lunar exploration, bringing the dream of Chinese astronauts walking on the Moon closer to reality. This mission is expected to yield valuable ______6______ data and drive advancements in space technology, contributing to the global understanding of the Moon and beyond. 1. A 2. E 3. D 4. F 5. B 6. C 1.A. submissions 解析：根据前文 “These names were chosen from over 9,000”（这些名字从 9000 多个…… 中选出），结合选项，“submissions” 表示 “提交的作品 / 建议”，符合 “命名活动中收到的 9000 多份命名提案” 的语境。 定位：第一段末句 “The landing suit is named ‘Wangyu’... while the rover is named ‘Tansuo’... These names were chosen from over 9,000 submissions in a naming campaign...” 2. E. connection 解析：后文提到 “the Feitian spacesuit used in space station missions”（空间站任务中使用的飞天航天服），结合 “reflects China's dream... and its ______ to the Feitian spacesuit”，“connection” 表示 “联系、关联”，符合 “望月舱外服与飞天航天服存在关联” 的逻辑，体现技术或理念的传承。 定位：第二段首句 “Wangyu reflects China's dream to explore the cosmos and its connection to the Feitian spacesuit used in space station missions.” 3.D. preparing for 解析：前文提到 “transition from building a ‘space home’ to...”（从建设 “太空家园” 向…… 过渡），“to” 后需接名词或动名词短语，结合 “lunar landings and deeper space exploration”（月球着陆和更深层次的太空探索），“preparing for”（为…… 做准备）符合 “从建设空间站过渡到为月球着陆做准备” 的语境，体现任务阶段的推进。 定位：第二段第二句 “It shows the transition from building a ‘space home’ to preparing for lunar landings and deeper space exploration.” 4.F. exploring the unknown 解析：前文提到 “Tansuo”（探索）的含义是 “symbolizing the pursuit of the unknown”（象征对未知的追求），且空格前为 “the bold spirit of constantly trying new things and...”（不断尝试新事物、…… 的勇敢精神），“exploring the unknown”（探索未知）与 “Tansuo” 的含义及 “追求未知” 的语境完全匹配，形成并列逻辑。 定位：第三段首句 “Tansuo spotlights the lunar rover's key task of uncovering lunar secrets. It aligns with China's ambitious aerospace dream, highlighting the bold spirit of constantly trying new things and exploring the unknown.” 5.B. smoothly 解析：前文提到 “both the Wangyu landing suit and the Tansuo rover have entered the initial prototype development stage”（望月舱外服和探索号月球车已进入初始原型研制阶段），空格修饰 “work is progressing”（工作进展……），“smoothly”（顺利地）符合 “任务推进顺利” 的积极语境，是描述进展状态的常用副词。 定位：第四段首句 “Currently, both the Wangyu landing suit and the Tansuo rover have entered the initial prototype development stage, and work is progressing smoothly.” 6.C. scientific 解析：后文提到 “drive advancements in space technology, contributing to the global understanding of the Moon and beyond”（推动航天技术进步，助力全球对月球及更遥远天体的认知），空格修饰 “data”（数据），“scientific”（科学的）符合 “月球探测任务产生‘科学数据’，进而支撑技术进步和认知提升” 的逻辑，是与 “research and exploration”（研究与探索）搭配的核心形容词。 定位：第四段末句 “This mission is expected to yield valuable scientific data and drive advancements in space technology, contributing to the global understanding of the Moon and beyond.” III. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的内容完成短文) You would see mountains and valleys if you looked at the Moon through a telescope (望远镜).If you looked at the planet Jupiter, you would see its moons. Galileo was the first person to see these things ______1______ a telescope. Galileo did not invent the telescope. It was first made by a Dutch lens maker (镜片制造人). But Galileo improved the design so he was ______2______ to study the stars and planets closely. Some people call hı m the first astronomer (天文学家). As he studied the sky, Galileo found proof that the planets orbit(沿轨道运行) around the Sun. He was not the first person to believe this, but he was the first to prove that it was true. People of that time believed that Earth was the centre of the universe and ______3______ in space moved around Earth. Galileo got into trouble with the government and the church for saying that what they believed was wrong. He had to ______4______ what he said or else he would have gone to jail. Galileo was more than an astronomer. He was an inventor as well. He invented the first thermometre (温度计). His thermometre did not measure exact temperatures, ______5______ it did show if a temperature was higher or lower or the same as another temperature. He invented a compass that was used for aiming cannonballs(炮弹) shot out of a cannon. Later the compass was used to survey land. He ______6______ a device that used a horse and buckets to raise water. This was used for irrigation(灌溉). Galileo thought about the world in a new way. Before Galileo, people did not run experiments or ______7______ their ideas. It was enough just to think about ideas. Galileo wanted to try out his ideas and see if they worked in the world. Galileo was one of the first real scientists. ( ) 1. A. through B. by C. in D. on ( ) 2. A. ready B. able C. eager D. likely ( ) 3. A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything ( ) 4. A. take off B. take up C. take back D. take away ( ) 5. A. so B. and C. but D. or ( ) 6. A. invented B. invited C. uncovered D. explored ( ) 7. A. explore B. question C. study D. test 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. D 解析 1. 答案：A (through) · 解析：根据语境 “Galileo was the first person to see these things ______ a telescope”（伽利略是第一个______望远镜看到这些事物的人），此处需表达 “通过望远镜” 的含义。 · 选项 A. through 强调 “透过、通过（工具 / 媒介）”，符合 “用望远镜观察” 的场景； · 选项 B. by 后常接动作方式（如 by watching），不接具体工具； · 选项 C. in（在…… 里面）、D. on（在…… 上面）均不符合 “通过工具观察” 的逻辑。 · 定位：第一段第二、三句（If you looked at the planet Jupiter... through a telescope）。 2. 答案：B (able) · 解析：句子 “Galileo improved the design so he was ______ to study the stars and planets closely”（伽利略改进了设计，因此他______近距离研究恒星和行星），核心是 “改进设计后获得了‘能够’做某事的能力”。 · 选项 B. able 构成固定搭配 “be able to do sth”（能够做某事），符合 “改进设计后具备研究条件” 的语境； · 选项 A. ready（准备好的）需搭配 “be ready to do”，但此处强调 “能力” 而非 “准备状态”； · 选项 C. eager（渴望的）表主观意愿，与 “改进设计” 带来的客观能力无关； · 选项 D. likely（可能的）表概率，不符合 “改进后必然能研究” 的逻辑。 · 定位：第二段第二、三句（It was first made by... study the stars and planets closely）。 3. 答案：B (everything) · 解析：根据前文 “People of that time believed that Earth was the centre of the universe”（当时的人们认为地球是宇宙的中心），可推断后半句 “______ in space moved around Earth” 应表达 “太空中的所有事物都围绕地球转”。 · 选项 B. everything（所有事物）符合 “地球为中心，所有天体绕其运行” 的传统认知； · 选项 A. something（某些事物）、C. nothing（没有事物）、D. anything（任何事物，多用于否定 / 疑问）均无法体现 “全部天体” 的含义，与 “地球是宇宙中心” 的核心观点矛盾。 · 定位：第三段第二、三句（He was not the first... moved around Earth）。 4. 答案：C (take back) · 解析：句子 “He had to ______ what he said or else he would have gone to jail”（他不得不______自己说过的话，否则就会坐牢），结合前文 “Galileo got into trouble... for saying that what they believed was wrong”（伽利略因质疑传统观点陷入麻烦），可知此处需表达 “收回（言论）” 以避免牢狱之灾。 · 选项 C. take back 意为 “收回、撤回（言论 / 观点）”，符合 “被迫放弃原有说法” 的语境； · 选项 A. take off（起飞、脱下）、B. take up（开始学习、占据）、D. take away（拿走、剥夺）均与 “言论” 搭配不当，无 “收回” 含义。 · 定位：第三段第三、四句（People of that time believed... or else he would have gone to jail）。 5. 答案：C (but) · 解析：前半句 “His thermometre did not measure exact temperatures”（他的温度计无法测量精确温度）与后半句 “it did show if a temperature was higher or lower...”（但能显示温度是更高、更低还是相同）存在 “转折关系”—— 先否定一个功能，再肯定另一个功能。 · 选项 C. but（但是）表转折，符合逻辑； · 选项 A. so（因此）表因果、B. and（和）表并列、D. or（或者）表选择，均无法体现前后句的转折关系。 · 定位：第四段第三句（His thermometre did not measure exact temperatures... the same as another temperature）。 6. 答案：A (invented) · 解析：前文明确提到 “He was an inventor as well. He invented the first thermometer... He invented a compass...”（他也是一位发明家，发明了第一个温度计、指南针），此处 “a device that used a horse and buckets to raise water”（用马和水桶提水的装置）仍是他的发明，需保持 “发明” 的语义一致。 · 选项 A. invented（发明）与前文 “inventor”“invented” 呼应，符合语境； · 选项 B. invited（邀请）语义无关； · 选项 C. uncovered（发现、揭露）侧重 “找到已存在的事物”，而非 “创造新事物”； · 选项 D. explored（探索）侧重 “研究未知领域”，与 “创造装置” 无关。 · 定位：第四段第四、五句（He invented a compass... raise water）。 7. 答案：D (test) · 解析：根据后文 “Galileo wanted to try out his ideas and see if they worked in the world”（伽利略想要验证自己的想法，看它们在现实中是否可行），可知前文 “Before Galileo, people did not run experiments or ______ their ideas”（在伽利略之前，人们不做实验也不______自己的想法）中，空白处需与 “run experiments（做实验）” 并列，表达 “验证想法” 的含义。 · 选项 D. test（测试、验证）符合 “通过实验验证想法” 的逻辑，与后文 “try out his ideas”（验证想法）呼应； · 选项 A. explore（探索）、B. question（质疑）、C. study（研究）均不包含 “通过实践验证” 的核心含义，与 “run experiments” 的 “实验验证” 属性不符。 · 定位：第五段第一、二、三句（Galileo thought about the world... see if they worked in the world）。 IV. Read the passage and complete the tasks. 阅读短文,完成任务。 Who are they? Guo Jingjing Born on 15 October 1981, Guo Jingjing is seen as one of the most successful female divers in Olympic history. She joined the Chinese national team in 1992.Then she entered her first Olympic competition in 1996, when she won fifth place in platform diving. In the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, she received her first gold medal. Guo was called “The Princess of Diving” because of her success in the sport. She earned a total of four gold medals in the Olympic Games. People are so used to seeing her winning medals that they were greatly disappointed when she retired from diving in 2011. J. K. Rowling J. K. Rowling was born on 31 July 1965 in England. She is best known as the author of the Harry Potter series, which has been translated into 65 languages. At six, J. K. Rowling created her first story, which was called Rabbit. The first Harry Potter book, Harry Potter and the Philosopher’ s Stone, was first published in1997, and the last of the series was published in 2007. J. K. Rowling used to live on public assistance (公共援助), but now she is one of the richest people in Britain. She donates generously (慷慨地) to charities that help children and single-parent families. Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale, who was well-known for her contribution (贡献) to nursing, was born on 12 May 1820 and was named after her birthplace in Italy. Although her parents wanted her to get married, she pursued herself in nursing, which had a poor reputation(名声) at that time. In 1854–1856, she took care of the injured soldiers in the Crimean War and was called the “Lady with the Lamp”. After the war, she worked to make nursing a respectable profession. In 1883, Queen Victoria awarded her the Royal Red Cross. She died on 13 August 1910. The Nightingale School of Nursing, which used to be called the Nightingale Training School for Nurses, was set up by her in 1860. Choose the best answer. 选择最恰当的答案。 ( ) 1. When did Guo Jingjing win fifth place in platform diving? A. In 1981. B. In 1992. C. In 1996. D. In 2008. ( ) 2. The underlined phrase “retired from diving” in the first paragraph means___________. A. stopped diving B. stopped getting medals for diving C. stopped taking part in the Olympic Games D. stopped being “The Princess of Diving” ( ) 3. What nationality is J. K. Rowling? A. Chinese. B. American. C. Italian. D. British. ( ) 4. The underlined word “six” in the introduction about J. K. Rowling refers to___________. A. six o’clock B. six languages C. number six, on the street where her home was D. six years old ( ) 5. Which of the following sentences is true according to the passage? ① The Nightingale School of Nursing was set up by Nightingale in the 1850s. ② Nightingale has made a great contribution to nursing, which was at first a profession with a poor reputation. ③ Nightingale lived to be 80 years old. ④ Nightingale was call the “Lady with the Lamp” because of her nursing work during the Crimean War. A. ①② B. ③④ C. ②④ D. ②③ 1. C 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.C 解析（含原文定位） ( ) 1. 答案：C 原文定位：第一段第三句 “Then she entered her first Olympic competition in 1996, when she won fifth place in platform diving.” 解析：题目询问郭晶晶获得跳台跳水第五名的时间，原文明确提到 1996 年她首次参加奥运会时获得该名次，因此选 C。A（1981 年）是她的出生年份，B（1992 年）是她加入国家队的年份，D（2008 年）未在原文中提及与 “第五名” 相关的信息，均排除。 ( ) 2. 答案：A 原文定位：第一段最后一句 “People are so used to seeing her winning medals that they were greatly disappointed when she retired from diving in 2011.” 解析：“retired from diving” 意为 “从跳水项目中退役”，核心含义是 “停止从事跳水运动”。B 选项 “停止为跳水获奖”、C 选项 “停止参加奥运会” 均缩小了 “退役” 的范围（退役意味着彻底停止该运动，而非仅停止获奖或参加奥运会）；D 选项 “不再是‘跳水公主’” 是退役后的身份变化，并非 “retired from diving” 的直接含义，因此选 A。 ( ) 3. 答案：D 原文定位：第二段第一句和第四句 1. “J. K. Rowling was born on 31 July 1965 in England.” 2. “...but now she is one of the richest people in Britain.” 解析：“England”（英格兰）是英国（Britain）的组成部分，且原文明确提到她是 “英国最富有的人之一”，因此她的国籍是英国（British）。A（中国）、B（美国）、C（意大利）均与原文信息不符，排除。 ( ) 4. 答案：D 原文定位：第二段第三句 “At six, J. K. Rowling created her first story, which was called Rabbit.” 解析：“At six” 在描述人物成长经历的语境中，通常指 “在六岁时”（年龄）。A（六点钟）、B（六种语言）、C（她家所在街道的门牌号 6 号）均不符合 “创作第一个故事” 的背景逻辑，因此选 D。 ( ) 5. 答案：C 逐一验证选项及原文定位： · ① 错误。原文第三段最后一句：“The Nightingale School of Nursing... was set up by her in 1860.” 1860 年属于 19 世纪 60 年代（1860s），而非 “1850s”（19 世纪 50 年代），因此①不符合原文。 · ② 正确。原文第三段第二句：“Although her parents wanted her to get married, she pursued herself in nursing, which had a poor reputation at that time.” 明确提到南丁格尔投身护理事业，且当时护理行业名声不佳，与②表述一致。 · ③ 错误。原文第三段第一句和第四句：“Florence Nightingale... was born on 12 May 1820”“She died on 13 August 1910.” 1910-1820=90，她享年 90 岁，而非 “80 岁”，因此③不符合原文。 · ④ 正确。原文第三段第三句：“In 1854–1856, she took care of the injured soldiers in the Crimean War and was called the ‘Lady with the Lamp’.” 明确提到她因克里米亚战争中的护理工作被称为 “提灯女神”，与④表述一致。 综上，②④正确，选 C。 Answer the questions. 回答问题。 1. Why is Guo Jingjing famous? 2. What does the name Rabbit refer to? 3. Is the Harry Potter series successful? Why? 4. In which city of Italy was Florence Nightingale born? 5. Did Florence Nightingale's parents want her to be a nurse? Why? 1. Because she is seen as one of the most successful female divers in Olympic history. 2. J. K. Rowling's first story. 3. Yes, it is. Because it has been translated into 65languages. 4. Florence. 5. No, they didn't. Because they wanted her to get married and also, nursing had a poor reputation at that time. 解析（含原文定位） 1. Why is Guo Jingjing famous? 答案：Because she is one of the most successful female divers in Olympic history, won a total of four Olympic gold medals, and was called "The Princess of Diving" due to her success in diving. 原文定位：第一段第一句、第五句、第四句 1. "Born on 15 October 1981, Guo Jingjing is seen as one of the most successful female divers in Olympic history." 2. "She earned a total of four gold medals in the Olympic Games." 3. "Guo was called 'The Princess of Diving' because of her success in the sport." 解析：郭晶晶的知名度源于三方面 —— 奥运史上最成功的女子跳水运动员之一、累计 4 枚奥运金牌、“跳水公主” 的称号，均对应原文对其跳水成就的描述。 2. What does the name Rabbit refer to? 答案：It refers to the first story created by J. K. Rowling when she was six. 原文定位：第二段第三句 "At six, J. K. Rowling created her first story, which was called Rabbit." 解析：原文明确提到 “Rabbit” 是 J.K. 罗琳六岁时创作的第一个故事的名字，因此 “Rabbit” 指代该故事。 3. Is the Harry Potter series successful? Why? 答案：Yes, it is. Because it has been translated into 65 languages, and it made J. K. Rowling, who once lived on public assistance, become one of the richest people in Britain. 原文定位：第二段第二句、第五句 1. "She is best known as the author of the Harry Potter series, which has been translated into 65 languages." 2. "J. K. Rowling used to live on public assistance, but now she is one of the richest people in Britain." 解析：“成功” 的依据来自两点 —— 作品影响力（被翻译成 65 种语言，覆盖范围广）和作者收益（从依赖公共援助到成为英国最富有的人之一），均能证明该系列的成功。 4. In which city of Italy was Florence Nightingale born? 答案：The passage doesn’t mention the specific city in Italy where Florence Nightingale was born (it only says she was named after her birthplace in Italy). 原文定位：第三段第一句 "Florence Nightingale, who was well-known for her contribution to nursing, was born on 12 May 1820 and was named after her birthplace in Italy." 解析：原文仅指出南丁格尔的名字源于她在意大利的出生地，但未提及具体是意大利的哪个城市，因此无法从文中获取该信息。 5. Did Florence Nightingale's parents want her to be a nurse? Why? 答案：No, they didn’t. Because her parents wanted her to get married, and nursing had a poor reputation at that time. 原文定位：第三段第二句 "Although her parents wanted her to get married, she pursued herself in nursing, which had a poor reputation at that time." 解析：原文用 “although” 转折，明确提到父母希望她结婚，而非成为护士；同时补充当时护理行业名声不佳，进一步说明父母不会支持她当护士，因此答案是否定的。 1 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $