专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，福建专用）高二英语上学期

专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·福建泉州市泉港区培文学校·期中） What year were you born in? Are you a dragon? That is to say, were you born in the Year of the Dragon? As we know, the Year of the Dragon has arrived with us for a while, and everyone is excited about talking about dragons. Many of them have noticed that more and more people are using the word “loong” instead of “dragon” in their daily life. Actually, the longs in Chinese culture, believe it or not, are far different from the dragons in Western culture. First, let’s talk about their origins (起源). Longs are connected to stars and rain. They are believed to have to do with the power of emperors in the past. Dragons, however, are related to floods and dangerous waters underground. Second, let’s dig into their stories. Longs are like messengers between the sky and the earth. They help out the rulers, who become kings because of them. Dragons, though, are troublemakers. They fight with the rulers and can even beat them! But as time passes, dragons lose their shine and heroes start killing them. Third, let’s look at what they mean. Since longs represent (代表) power, they are seen as a symbol of the emperor and an important part of ceremonies and traditions. Dragons, though, are bad news. They are a symbol of evil (恶), and beating the dragons is seen as a victory over evil. Lastly, let’s check out how they look. Longs are like a mix of animals, with heads like camels and necks like snakes. They don’t need wings to fly because they are already skilled at it. Dragons are more like snakes, living underground and causing problems. They don’t have wings either, but people add those to make them look more impressive. 1．Why does the writer start the passage by asking questions? A．To make a report. B．To do a survey. C．To introduce a normal year. D．To catch readers’ interests. 2．What are longs connected with according to the passage? A．Stars and the moon. B．The power of emperors. C．Troublemakers and evil. D．Dangerous waters underground. 3．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Rulers. B．Snakes. C．Heroes. D．Longs. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Longs have wings. B．Dragons are good news. C．Longs are used in ceremonies. D．Dragons’ heads are like camels. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“龙”与西方“dragon”的不同之处及其文化意义。通过清晰结构和比较法帮助读者理解龙在不同文化中承担的不同角色与意义。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“What year were you born in? Are you a dragon? That is to say, were you born in the Year of the Dragon?(你是哪一年出生的？你是龙吗？也就是说，你是龙年出生的吗？)”和第二段“As we know, the Year of the Dragon has arrived with us for a while, and everyone is excited about talking about dragons.(正如我们所知，龙年已经到来了一段时间，每个人都很兴奋地谈论龙)”可知，作者通过提问读者的生肖是否是龙来开头，是为了吸引读者的兴趣，从而引出下文关于中西文化中龙的不同之处的讨论。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Longs are connected to stars and rain. They are believed to have to do with the power of emperors in the past.(longs与星星和雨有关联。过去它们被认为与皇帝的权力有关)”可知，longs与星星和雨水有关联，并且过去被认为与皇帝的权力有关。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Longs are like messengers between the sky and the earth. They help out the rulers, who become kings because of them. Dragons, though, are troublemakers. They fight with the rulers and can even beat them! But as time passes, dragons lose their shine and heroes start killing them.(Longs就像天空与大地之间的信使。它们帮助统治者，统治者因此成为国君。然而，Dragons是麻烦制造者。他们与统治者斗争，甚至可以打败他们！但随着时间的流逝，Dragons失去了光芒，英雄们开始杀死它们。)”可知，此处的them指的是Rulers（统治者）。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段“Since longs represent (代表) power, they are seen as a symbol of the emperor and an important part of ceremonies and traditions.(由于longs代表着权力，它们被视为皇帝的象征，也是仪式和传统的重要组成部分)”可知，longs代表权力，被视为皇帝的象征，也是仪式和传统的重要组成部分。因此，我们可以从文章中了解到longs被用于仪式中。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·福建三明市永安九中、宁化六中、沙县金沙高级中学、宁化滨江实验中学·期中） Sending a thumbs-up can be seen as passive aggressive (冒犯的), according to Gen Z (those born between 1995 and 2009) who say they feel attacked whenever it is used. Whether the chat is informal, between friends or at work the symbol appears to have a very different, ‘rude’meaning for the younger generation. A 24-year-old on Reddit summed up the Gen Z argument, saying it is best never used in any situation as it is “hurtful”. “No one of my age in the office does it, but the Gen X (those born between 1966 and 1980) people always do it. Take me a bit to adjust and get it out of my head that it means they're mad-at me,” he added. Other young people agreed it is bad form, especially at work where it can make the team appear unfriendly and not easygoing. “My last workplace had a WhatsApp chat for our team to send information to each other on, and most of the people on there just replied with a thumbs up. I don't know why, but it seemed a little bit aggressive to me,”one woman said. One Reddit user also said the thumbs up actually means that “I've read your message and have nothing to add and I hope and pray...all the people in this group chat have nothing to say on it too.” Older workers appear confused by the reaction, saying they use the thumbs up in work-related chats to show “I agree” or “I understood and will follow.” Part of the issue is that young people tend to use the thumbs-up in jokes. Barry Kennedy, 24, he said he only used it to communicate with older people like his parents or older colleagues. A survey of 2, 000 people conducted by Perspectus Global showed that a majority of people between the ages of 16 and 29 believe that you are “officially old”if you use thumbs-up or heart emoji. 1．What does the thumbs-up emoji mean to Gen Z according to the text? A．It shows agreement. B．It is considered rude or hurtful. C．It is used to joke with older people. D．It symbolizes friendship. 2．Why does one woman find the thumbs-up emoji aggressive in her workplace? A．Because it is a formal way of communication. B．Because it shows disagreement with her messages. C．Because it seems dismissive and unresponsive. D．Because it was used only by younger colleagues. 3．What can be inferred about older workers from the text? A．They misunderstand the younger generation's emoji preferences. B．They intentionally use thumbs-up to annoy younger colleagues. C．They avoid using emojis in work-related chats. D．They view emojis as inappropriate in formal settings. 4．Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage? A．The Emoji Debate: Generational Differences B．How Thumbs-Up Became a Global Symbol C．The Rise of Emojis in Professional Chats D．Why Older Workers Prefer Thumbs-Up 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲的是年轻人和年长一代对竖大拇指这一表情符号的不同理解。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Sending a thumbs-up can be seen as passive aggressive (冒犯的), according to Gen Z (those born between 1115 and 2001) who say they feel attacked whenever it is used. Whether the chat is informal, between friends or at work the symbol appears to have a very different, ‘rude’ meaning for the younger generation.(Z世代（1115年至2001年之间出生的人）表示，竖起大拇指会被视为一种被动攻击，他们表示，每当竖起大拇指时，他们都会感到受到攻击。无论是在非正式场合、朋友之间还是工作场合聊天，这个符号对年轻一代来说似乎都有非常不同的“粗鲁”的含义。)”和第二段的句子“A 24-year-old on Reddit summed up the Gen Z argument, saying it is best never used in any situation as it is “hurtful”.(Reddit上一位24岁的网友总结了Z世代的观点，称在任何情况下都最好不要使用它，因为它“很伤人”。)”可知，竖起大拇指的表情符号被Z世代被认为是粗鲁或伤人的。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段的内容““My last workplace had a WhatsApp chat for our team to send information to each other on, and most of the people on there just replied with a thumbs up. I don’t know why, but it seemed a little bit aggressive to me,” one woman said. One Reddit user also said the thumbs up actually means that “I’ve read your message and have nothing to add and I hope and pray...all the people in this group chat have nothing to say on it too.”(“我的上一个工作场所有一个WhatsApp聊天工具，我们的团队可以在上面互相发送信息，但大多数人都只是竖起大拇指回复。我不知道为什么，但我觉得它有点咄咄逼人，”一位女士说。一位Reddit用户也表示，竖起大拇指实际上意味着“我已经阅读了你的信息，没有什么可补充的，我希望并祈祷……在这个群里聊天的人也没什么可说的。”)”可以推论出，一名女性在工作场所会觉得竖起大拇指的表情符号很有攻击性是因为她觉得这种回复显得轻蔑和无动于衷，缺乏积极参与或友好互动的感觉。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段的句子““No one of my age in the office does it, but the Gen X (those born between 1966 and 1980) people always do it. Take me a bit to adjust and get it out of my head that it means they're mad-at me,” he added.(“办公室里和我同龄的人都不会这么做，但X世代（1966年至1980年出生的人）总是这么做。让我调整一下，让我不再认为这意味着他们在生我的气，”他补充道。)”和第四段“Older workers appear confused by the reaction, saying they use the thumbs up in work-related chats to show “I agree” or “I understood and will follow.”(年长的员工似乎对这种反应感到困惑，他们说，他们在与工作相关的聊天中用大拇指表示“我同意”或“我理解并会跟进”。)”可以推论出，年长的员工误解了年轻一代对表情符号的偏好。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是年轻人和年长一代对竖大拇指这一表情符号的不同理解。所以，用A项“The Emoji Debate: Generational Differences(表情符号之争：代际差异)”作为本文的题目与文章主题相符合。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·福建龙岩市非一级达标校·期中） A team of researchers led by an archaeologist at the University of Sydney are the first to suggest that eyed needles (针) were a new technological innovation used to decorate clothing for social and cultural purposes. Dr. Gilligan and his co-authors reexplain the evidence of recent discoveries in the development of clothing. “Why do we wear clothes? We think that it’s part of being human. When you look at different cultures, you realize that people existed and functioned perfectly enough in society,” Dr. Gilligan says. “What interests me is the change of clothing from being a physical necessity in certain environments, to a social necessity in all environments.” The earliest known eyed needles appeared about 40,000 years ago in Siberia. One of the man-made objects from the Stone Age, eyed needles are more difficult to make when compared to bone awls (尖钻), which was used for creating fitted clothing. Bone awls are tools made of animal bones that are sharpened. Eyed needles are revised bone awls, with a hole in them. As evidence suggests bone awls were already being used to create tailored clothes, the innovation of eyed needles may reflect the production of more complex (复杂的) clothing, as well as the decoration of clothes by attaching small decorative items onto them. Dr. Gilligan and his co-authors argue that clothing became an item of decoration because traditional body decoration methods, like body painting, weren’t possible during the latter part of the last Ice Age in colder parts of Eurasia, because people were needing to wear clothes all the time to survive. The changes of clothing allowed larger and more complex societies to form, as people could relocate to colder climates while also cooperating with their community based on shared clothing styles and symbols. The skills associated with clothing contributed to a more sustainable (可持续的) lifestyle and improved the long-term survival and prosperity of human communities. 1．What was Dr. Gilligan’s doubt related to? A．The long history of clothing. B．The function of clothes. C．The wide-spread area of clothing. D．The process of making clothes. 2．Why might eyed needles be considered more advanced than bone awls? A．They were made of stronger materials. B．They helped produce fancier clothes. C．They were easier to produce than bone awls. D．They were used mainly for creating basic clothing. 3．What does the author think of the changes of clothing? A．Beneficial. B．Challenging. C．Impractical. D．Confusing. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The history of eyed needles: Their use in ancient China. B．The beginnings of fashion: Eyed needles and the changes of clothing. C．The development of technology: Eyed needles and bone awls. D．The innovation of bone awls: Impact on clothing decoration. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了有眼针的创新如何改变了史前人类的服饰，促进了社会文化的进步。 1．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“What interests me is the change of clothing from being a physical necessity in certain environments, to a social necessity in all environments. (我感兴趣的是服装的变化，从某些环境下的身体必需品变成了所有环境下的社交必需品。)”可知，Dr. Gilligan的兴趣点在于衣物从物理需求转变为社交需求的变化，即衣服的功能。故选B。 2．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“As evidence suggests bone awls were already being used to create tailored clothes, the innovation of eyed needles may reflect the production of more complex clothing, as well as the decoration of clothes by attaching small decorative items onto them. (有证据表明，骨锥已经被用来制作量身定制的衣服，这种带眼针的创新可能反映了更复杂服装的生产，以及通过在衣服上粘贴小装饰品来装饰衣服。)”可知，相比骨锥，有眼针能够制作更复杂和装饰性的衣服，即帮助生产更漂亮的衣服。故选B。 3．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“The changes of clothing allowed larger and more complex societies to form, as people could relocate to colder climates while also cooperating with their community based on shared clothing styles and symbols. The skills associated with clothing contributed to a more sustainable lifestyle and improved the long-term survival and prosperity of human communities. (服装的变化使得更大、更复杂的社会得以形成，因为人们可以迁移到气候更冷的地方，同时也可以基于共同的服装风格和符号与社区合作。与服装相关的技能有助于更可持续的生活方式，并改善了人类社区的长期生存和繁荣。)”可知，作者认为服装的变化是有益的，因为它促进了社会的发展、合作以及人类社区的长期生存和繁荣。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“A team of researchers led by an archaeologist at the University of Sydney are the first to suggest that eyed needles were a new technological innovation used to decorate clothing for social and cultural purposes. (由悉尼大学的一位考古学家领导的研究小组首次提出，有眼针是一种新的技术创新，用于装饰服装，以满足社会和文化目的。)”可知，文章主要介绍了有眼针的出现及其对服装变化的影响，包括从简单的保暖功能到社交文化功能的转变，以及这种变化如何促进了社会的进步。因此，最合适的标题是“The beginnings of fashion: Eyed needles and the changes of clothing (时尚的开端：有眼针与服装的变化)”。故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·福建福州市八县（市、区）一中·期中） For much of the past hundred years, classrooms have been designed with the teacher seated in front of desks for students. But many educators now say children can do better in a less structured environment. Bob Pearlman works as an education advisor in the United States. He told The Associate Press that traditional classrooms are a thing of the past. Now students work in ''enlarged learning areas" that include project-planning rooms, workrooms, and laboratories, as well as learning spaces for groups and individuals. Pearlman points to Albemarle County Public Schools, in Charlottesville, Virginia. The school system invited teams from all its schools to develop learning spaces that would help students deal with complex (复杂的) ideas and work on creative building projects. Now, its primary school classes have exchanged traditional desks for things like soft seating and connectable tables. Another change to the design of classrooms is the ability to connect to the Internet. " Classrooms, libraries, and laboratories used to be the only spaces where students spent their school hours. Wireless, laptops and project learning have changed that," Pearlman said. He noted that this has made all school spaces into possible enlarged learning areas. David Thornburg, who wrote the book From the Campfire to the Holodeck, said Pearlman's concept (概念) met the students' need. He said schools should provide spaces based on how humans learn. That could mean one room is used in different ways at different times, or in different ways at the same time. Earp is with Teacher magazine, a publication of the nonprofit Australian Council for Educational Research. She noted that in the 1970s, American Robert Sommer, a psychologist, was urging a critical(批判性的) look at traditional classroom designs. Earp said that in addition to newer "freeform" classroom designs, some teachers could find good results with designs that combine new and old ideas. They could try lining up desks at the start of the year and then placing them in groups as the classroom relationships become clearer and project work begins. 1．What change happened to Albemarle County Public Schools? A．Studying time. B．Learning materials. C．Teaching Strategy. D．Classroom furniture. 2．What does the underlined word "that" in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The new design. B．The existing classroom. C．The application of the Internet. D．The limitation on learning spaces. 3．What' s David' s attitude towards Pearlman' s classroom design? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Disagreeing. 4．What’s the ideal classroom in Earp's eyes? A．It should be designed by teachers. B．It should offer freedom to students. C．It should combine modern and traditional ideas. D．It should offer comfortable learning environment. 5．Which of the following can serve as a suitable title? A．Opinions about classroom designs. B．Methods to enlarge learning spaces. C．Weaknesses of traditional classrooms. D．Considerations in classroom designing. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．A 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些教育相关工作者对于教室设计理念的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Now students work in ''enlarged learning areas" that include project-planning rooms, workrooms, and laboratories, as well as learning spaces for groups and individuals. (现在孩子们可以在扩大的学习区域学习。这些区域包括：项目计划完成室、工坊和实验室，还有为学习小组和个人设置的独立学习空间)”和“Now, its primary school classes have exchanged traditional desks for things like soft seating and connectable tables. (如今，它的小学班级都将传统的课桌椅替换为像软座和可连接的桌子)”可知，购置了一些不同于传统的新型的教学设施和教室用具。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Classrooms, libraries, and laboratories used to be the only spaces where students spent their school hours. (教室、图书馆和实验室曾经就是学生们唯一可以学习的场所)”可知，that指代的正是此前学校里学习场所比较少的问题。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“David Thornburg, who wrote the book From the Campfire to the Holodeck, said Pearlman's concept(概念) met the students' need. He said schools should provide spaces based on how humans learn. (曾经创造诸如《篝火》和《全息舱面》这样作品的David说，Pearlman的想法满足了学生们的需求。他说学校就应当根据学生的学习方式提供与之相适宜的场所)”可知，David支持认同Pearlman的设计理念。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Earp said that in addition to newer "freeform" classroom designs, some teachers could find good results with designs that combine new and old ideas. (Earp说除了更现代、更天马行空的教室设计方案，一些老师可以从结合传统与现代的设计理念中寻找到满意的结果)”可知，Earp认为理想的教室设计方案应该是将传统和现代有机结合在一起。故选C项。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But many educators now say children can do better in a less structured environment. (但是现在有很多教育家说，孩子可以在简化建筑结构的学习环境中学习效果更好)”和第五段“David Thornburg, who wrote the book From the Campfire to the Holodeck, said Pearlman's concept(概念) met the students' need. He said schools should provide spaces based on how humans learn. (曾经创造诸如《篝火》和《全息舱面》这样作品的David说，Pearlman的想法满足了学生们的需求。他说学校就应当根据学生的学习方式提供与之相适宜的场所)”可知，这篇文章列举了一些对教室设计的看法。故选A项。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高二上·福建厦门第一中学·期中） Imagine you’ re out for an evening walk in a foreign city, looking to find a restaurant for dinner. If you’ re like most people, you will look for the busiest restaurant with the most diners because its popularity is bound to reflect on the quality of food and service. But is this true? In tourist areas, early diners have no meaningful clues as to which restaurant to choose, so they may have picked their evening eatery on a whim (一时兴起). Following passers-by may have misinterpreted their restaurant choice as a well-informed decision and blindly followed their example. This could have resulted in a snow-balling effect, whereby ever-increasing numbers of customers were attracted to the restaurant in question, creating a false impression of approval. Therefore, following the example of others could have led to a suboptimal(次优的) dinner choice in an overcrowded restaurant. Blindly copying other people’s thoughts or choices or simply going with the crowd is often referred to as “herd behavior(从众行为).” It is a frequent occurrence among humans as well as many other animals. Herding can appear to make a lot of sense. Average judgments of large groups of people often outperform individual choices. Furthermore, following the crowd appears to offer protection and comfort—— after all, there’s “ safety in numbers”--while helping to maintain a favorable fame. Finally, following the herd reduces the effort needed to make a personal or unique decision; it is therefore an easy option. Herd behaviors, while common and easy to explain, hold significant dangers. Contrary to the so-called “wisdom of crowds”, which emerges when the judgments of individual group members are independently collected to produce an average opinion, herd behaviors typically rely on so-called “information cascades”, where people take on others’ beliefs or copy their choices without critically evaluating the underlying reasons. As a result, herding can have many undesirable outcomes, including negative influences on consumer choices, like in the restaurant example above. 1．What likely causes a restaurant’s popularity in tourist areas according to Para.2? A．Early diners choose it based on its high quality and reputation. B．Passers-by may assume that the early diners made an informed choice. C．The restaurant is recommended by locals familiar with the area. D．The restaurant is advertised as having high-quality food and service. 2．What is one reason why people tend to follow the crowd? A．It leads to average judgments. B．It brings a sense of security. C．It challenges a favorable reputation. D．It allows for better decision-making. 3．What does the underlined “ information cascades” mean in Para.5? A．Adopting others’ beliefs or choices without evaluation. B．Critical evaluation of underlying reasons for choices. C．Average judgments formed by large groups of people. D．Independent collection of individual opinions and judgments. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards “herd behavior”? A．Neutral B．Favorable C．Critical D．Indifferent 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了旅游地区餐厅受欢迎可能是因为从众行为以及从众行为产生的原因和存在的危险。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Following passers - by may have misinterpreted their restaurant choice as a well - informed decision and blindly followed their example. This could have resulted in a snow - balling effect, whereby ever - increasing numbers of customers were attracted to the restaurant in question, creating a false impression of approval.(路过的人可能会把他们对餐厅的选择误解为明智的决定，然后盲目地效仿。这可能会产生滚雪球效应，从而吸引越来越多的顾客到这家餐厅，造成一种被认可的假象)”可知，在旅游区一家餐厅受欢迎可能是因为路人认为早期食客做了一个明智的选择。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Furthermore, following the crowd appears to offer protection and comfort—— after all, there’s “safety in numbers”--while helping to maintain a favorable fame.(此外，随大流似乎能提供保护和舒适——毕竟，“人多势众”——同时有助于保持良好的声誉)”可知，人们倾向于从众的一个原因是它能带来安全感。故选B项。 3．词义猜测题。根据文章第五段“where people take on others’ beliefs or copy their choices without critically evaluating the underlying reasons(人们接受他人的信念或复制他们的选择，而不批判性地评估根本原因)”可知人们接受他人的信念或复制他们的选择，而不批判性地评估根本原因，可推理出“information cascades”的意思是不加评估地接受他人的信念或选择。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Herd behaviors, while common and easy to explain, hold significant dangers.(从众行为虽然常见且容易解释，但存在重大危险)”可知作者认为从众行为虽然常见，但存在重大危险，可推理出作者对“从众行为”的态度是批判的。故选C项。 主题02 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·福建莆田市仙游县第二教研片区·期中） The swan is a large, beautiful bird with a long neck, big white wings and wide feet. It is a great flyer because of its strong wings. It is also a good swimmer, swimming quickly and nicely through the water. But on dry land, it’s a different story—the swan’s heavy body and slow walk make it look a bit funny! Swans live anywhere there is fresh water, like lakes and slow-moving rivers. They eat water plants and small fish. Swans are very territorial (地盘性的), which means that they protect their homes against any strangers. When swans want to look strong, they stand up tall, show their long necks and open their big wings while letting out big noises. In spring, swans make a nest (巢) of tree leaves near the water. They often use the same nest year after year, repairing it when egg laying time comes round. The mother swan lays between five and eight eggs in the nest, and then sits on them to keep them warm and safe until about a month later, cygnets are born. Sometimes the father swan will take the first—born cygnets out onto the water while the mother stays to look after the other eggs. The cygnets are looked after by both parents, who will fight other animals, people or even boats if they think their cygnets are in danger! 1．To make them look strong, swans ________. A．swim quickly B．stand on one leg C．move their necks often D．open their wings 2．About swans’ nests, we know that ________. A．they build their nests after spring B．they often use the same nest every year C．they use the nests just for laying eggs D．they build their nests under the water 3．After laying eggs, mother swans ________. A．cover the eggs with tree leaves B．stay away and watch the eggs C．stay to sit on top of the eggs D．have the father look after the eggs 4．The underline word “cygnets” in this passage means ________. A．the swan nests B．the father swans C．the baby swans D．the mother swans 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍天鹅的一些生活习性。 1．细节理解题。由文章第二段的“When swans want to look strong, they stand up tall, show their long necks and open their big wings while letting out big noises.(当天鹅想要看起来强壮时，它们会站得高高的，露出长长的脖子，张开大翅膀，同时发出巨大的噪音)”可知，当天鹅想表现强壮时，它们会张开翅膀。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。由文章第三段的“In spring, swans make a nest of tree leaves near the water. They often use the same nest year after year, repairing it when egg laying time comes round. (春天，天鹅在水边用树叶筑巢。它们经常年复一年地使用同一窝，在产卵期到来时对其进行修复)”可知，天鹅每年会用相同的巢。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。由文章第三段“The mother swan lays between five and eight eggs in the nest, and then sits on them to keep them warm and safe...(母天鹅在巢中产卵五到八枚，然后坐在蛋上以保暖和安全)”可知，母天鹅下蛋后就会坐在蛋上准备孵化。故选C项。 4．词句猜测题。由文章第三段“The mother swan lays between five and eight eggs in the nest, and then sits on them to keep them warm and safe until, about a month later...(母天鹅在巢中产卵五到八枚，然后坐在蛋上以保暖和安全，直到大约一个月后...)”可推测，孵化一个月后，“小天鹅”就出生了。所以猜测cygnets是“小天鹅”。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·福建莆田第一中学·期中） Dinosaur AttractionsThe Field Museum Even beyond its impressive dinosaur exhibit, the Field Museum is a must-see destination for the whole family. The Evolving Planet display follows the evolution of life on our planet from the very beginning, when life was a single-celled organism, to the appearance of mankind. Fee: Adults $38.00; Children (6-18) $17.50, (5 and under) free Museum of the Earth This museum is kid-friendly thanks to its large number of hands-on activities. There is a vast collection of fossils(化石), such as large, complete skeletons(骨架) and those of small sea animals. The Discovery Lab at the museum is an interactive space for kids to play and learn in. They can even search for fossils and keep what they find. Fee: Adults $18.00; Children (13-19) $10.00, (12 and under) free Dinosaur World This park offers animatronic(电子的) dinosaurs that bring to life many prehistoric scenes and it features fossils from dinosaurs found in Florida. Although this park has plenty to offer, food isn’t one of them. However, there is a lovely picnic area where families can bring their own lunches and enjoy the bright Florida sunshine. Fee: Adults $26.00; Children (10-19) $15.00, (9 and under) free Cabazon Dinosaurs Cabazon Dinosaurs, located in Riverside County, California, is an unusual roadside attraction that has been there since 1975. Home to over fifty larger-than-life dinosaur statues, this park is a fantastic place to let kids run wild. Visitors can hunt for fossils and participate in a dinosaur dig. Featured a lot of movies, this park is a great way to spend a few hours. Fee: Adults $13.00: Children (8-18) $11.00, (7 and under) free 1．At which place may visitors learn about the development of life on Earth? A．The Field Museum. B．Dinosaur World. C．Cabazon Dinosaurs. D．Museum of the Earth. 2．How much should a teen and his parent pay for their visit to the Discovery Lab? A．$54.00 B．$46.00 C．$36.00 D．$28.00 3．What is the shared feature of the four dinosaur attractions? A．Interactive spaces. B．Hands-on activities. C．Kid-friendly design. D．Dinosaur-themed movies. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章介绍了四个可以参观恐龙展的景点，并详细说明了相关信息。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The Evolving Planet display follows the evolution of life on our planet from the very beginning,  when life was a single-celled organism, to the appearance of mankind.”（这个星球进化展讲述了我们星球上生命的进化演变过程，从最一开始生命还是个单细胞组织，进化到人类的外形过程。）可知，游客们可以在“The Field Museum”了解到有关地球上生命进化的知识。故选A。 2．细节理解题。第二段提到了“The Discovery Lab ”，根据第二段“Fee: Adults $18.00; Children (13-19) $10.00, (12 and under) free”（费用：成年人 $18.00；孩子（13-19岁）$10.00；12岁及以下免费）可知，参观“The Discovery Lab ”一个十来岁的孩子费用是$10.00，父母亲其中一个费用是$18.00，共计$28.00。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“the Field Museum is a must-see destination for the whole family”（the Field Museum是一个全家人必须去看的地方。）、第二段“This museum is kid-friendly”（这个博物馆适合孩子）、第三段“there is a lovely picnic area where families can bring their own lunches and enjoy the bright Florida sunshine.”（有一个很可爱的郊游的地方，一家人可以自带午餐，欣赏明媚的弗洛里达的阳光。）及第四段中“this park is a fantastic place to let kids run wild”（这个公园是一个可以让孩子自由跑动的非常棒的地方。）可知，这四处景点都适合孩子参观游玩。故选C。 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·福建泉州市泉港区培文学校·期中） We all want to do things well. For example, as students all of us want to have a good performance in study and get good grades. However, growing up also includes accepting when things go wrong. In fact, mistakes can lead to some of the most interesting and meaningful results. Aiming for good results can help you focus on (关注) your goals, but it’s also important to focus on enjoying the process. Getting too hung up on whether things go as planned can put a lot of pressure on you and lead to worry. That’s why it’s good to leave some room for mistakes and imperfections. Dr. Rekha Vara is a doctor who helps people with their mental health (心理健康). She says getting things wrong is part of growing up. “We also have to experience the uncomfortable feeling when we get things wrong. This helps us to become stronger,” says Dr. Vara. “Or we’ll be too scared to make mistakes. This fear can lead us to put off doing difficult things or avoid trying new things.” Learning from your mistakes is necessary during growing up. The most important thing is what you choose to do next. Try not to take it too seriously, blame yourself or feel too disappointed or upset. Dr. Vara explains, “Remember you’re a common man. Humans make mistakes.” ______, then these feelings will soon pass and then you’ll feel happier. Instead, thinking about what you might do differently next time helps a lot. In one study, if students were reminded to forgive (宽恕) and be kind to themselves when they failed a test, they felt more encouraged to try again, while other students were less pleased to have a second try. 1．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．执迷 B．懊悔 C．遗憾 D．忽略 2．Which of the following would Dr. Vara agree with? A．Fear leads us to try new things. B．Failure is normal in growing up. C．Good results make us stronger. D．People hardly ever get things wrong. 3．Which of the following can be put in “______” in Paragraph 4? A．Everyone will grow up B．Process is really important C．You should enjoy your feelings D．You might feel uncomfortable at first 4．How does the writer support his idea in the last Paragraph? A．By telling stories. B．By giving an example. C．By listing numbers. D．By describing a problem. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了错误是成长的一部分，接受错误的重要性以及学习如何从中成长。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Aiming for good results can help you focus on your goals, but it’s also important to focus on enjoying the process. Getting too hung up on whether things go as planned can put a lot of pressure on you and lead to worry.(瞄准好的结果可以帮助你专注于你的目标，但专注于享受这个过程也很重要。Getting too hung up on是否按计划进行会给你带来很大的压力，并导致担忧)”可知，这里的“too hung up”指的是过分关注或执迷于某事。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Dr. Rekha Vara is a doctor who helps people with their mental health. She says getting things wrong is part of growing up.(Rekha Vara博士是一位帮助人们心理健康的医生，她说犯错误是成长的一部分)”可知，Vara博士会同意B选项“在成长过程中失败是正常的”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Try not to take it too seriously, blame yourself or feel too disappointed or upset. Dr. Vara explains, “Remember you’re a common man. Humans make mistakes.”(试着不要把它看得太严重，不要责怪自己，也不要感到太失望或沮丧。Vara博士解释说：“记住，你是一个普通人。人是会犯错的。”)”和后文“then these feelings will soon pass and then you’ll feel happier (那么这些感觉很快就会过去，然后你会感到更快乐)”可知，不要责怪自己或太失落，试着接受这些感受，空处应该表达的是“你应该欣然接受你的感觉”，之后这些感觉会很快过去，然后你会感到更快乐。故C选项符合题意。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Instead, thinking about what you might do differently next time helps a lot. In one study, if students were reminded to forgive and be kind to themselves when they failed a test, they felt more encouraged to try again, while other students were less pleased to have a second try. (相反，思考你下次可能会有什么不同的做法会有很大帮助。在一项研究中，如果提醒学生在考试失败时原谅自己并善待自己，他们会感到更有动力去再次尝试，而其他学生则不太愿意再次尝试)”可知，作者通过给出一个实验的例子来支持他的观点。故B选项“通过举例子”符合题意。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·福建莆田市第十五中学·期中） If you’re stuck in what seems like an endless cycle of procrastination (拖延), guilt and chaos, you might be wondering “Why am I so lazy?”. Despite that common belief, laziness usually isn’t the reason behind procrastination, said Jenny Yip, a clinical psychologist. “Laziness is like, ‘I have absolutely no desire to even think about this.’ Procrastination is, ‘It troubles me to think about this. And therefore, it’s hard for me to get the job done.’ That’s a big difference.” Knowing why you procrastinate and learning how to fight against it are the only ways to change your behavior. Psychologist Sapadin sought to help this self-improvement effort with her book How to Beat Procrastination in the Digital Age. You could be the perfectionist, the dreamer, the worrier or the defier (对抗者) — these are all procrastination styles that Sapadin lists in her book. Both perfectionists and worriers might put off starting tasks due to a fear of failure or criticism. And like a perfectionist, a dreamer might always want something better. As for the defier, they tend to view life in terms of what others expect or require them to do, not what they want. This pessimism weakens their motivation to complete tasks. Procrastination can have practical consequences, such as falling behind at work or failing to achieve personal goals. But there are also emotional or mental impacts. It has been associated with depression, anxiety and stress, poor sleep, inadequate physical activity, loneliness and economic difficulties, according to a January study of more than 3,500 college students. Knowing why you procrastinate can make you self-aware, but you still need strategies to break the habit. In such cases, “consider contacting a professional, like a psychologist, who might be able to help you,” said Shatz, a creator of the website Solving Procrastination. “Visualization (可视化) works,” Shatz added. “If you can imagine Yourself completing a task, then it becomes more achievable simply because you have an idea that it can be done.” At the end of the day, how you approach life is “all about your belief system”. If you believe you can, you can. Whatever you believe, you’re right. 1．What does Jenny Yip mean according to paragraph 1? A．Procrastination keeps people in chaos. B．Procrastination is not a result of laziness. C．Lazy people can’t help thinking about the job. D．Lazy people are often stuck in procrastination. 2．Why is the defier one of the procrastination styles? A．They long for something better. B．They have a fear of failure or criticism. C．They prioritize others’ expectations. D．They have a pessimistic outlook on life. 3．What does the author indicate by mentioning a January study? A．Procrastination has an impact on economics. B．Procrastinstion is connected with mental problems. C．College students have difficulties in achieving goals. D．College students are generally affected by procrastination. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Procrastination can be resolved. B．Procrastination is due to self-unawareness. C．Knowing your procrastination relieves it. D．Visualization is ineffective against procrastination. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拖延实际上和懒惰是两种不同的概念，它有不同的类型，与心理问题相关，了解这些成因和相关策略才有可能解决拖延的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Despite that common belief, laziness usually isn’t the reason behind procrastination, said Jenny Yip, a clinical psychologist. “Laziness is like, ‘I have absolutely no desire to even think about this.’ Procrastination is, ‘It troubles me to think about this. And therefore, it’s hard for me to get the job done.’ That’s a big difference.” (临床心理学家Jenny Yip说，尽管人们普遍这么认为，但懒惰通常不是拖延症背后的原因。“懒惰就像是，‘我根本不想去想这个问题。’拖延是，‘我一想到这个就烦恼。因此，我很难完成这项工作。’这是一个很大的区别。”)”可知，Jenny Yip认为懒惰和拖延是两个不同的概念，拖延不是懒惰的结果。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“As for the defier, they tend to view life in terms of what others expect or require them to do, not what they want. This pessimism weakens their motivation to complete tasks. (至于反抗者，他们倾向于根据别人的期望或要求来看待生活，而不是他们想要什么。这种悲观情绪削弱了他们完成任务的动力)”可知，反抗者优先考虑别人的期望，完成任务的动力被削弱，导致了拖延。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“But there are also emotional or mental impacts. It has been associated with depression, anxiety and stress, poor sleep, inadequate physical activity, loneliness and economic difficulties, according to a January study of more than 3,500 college students. (但也有情感或心理上的影响。今年1月对3500多名大学生进行的一项研究显示，这和抑郁、焦虑和压力、睡眠不佳、体育锻炼不足、孤独和经济困难有关)”可知，作者先提到拖延会有情感或心理上的影响，然后提到一月的这份研究发现，它与许多心理问题有联系。由此可知，作者提到该研究是想佐证拖延与心理问题有关。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Visualization (可视化) works,” Shatz added. “If you can imagine Yourself completing a task, then it becomes more achievable simply because you have an idea that it can be done.” (“可视化是有效的，”Shatz补充道。“如果你能想象自己完成一项任务，那么它就会变得更容易实现，因为你有一个可以完成的想法。”)”可知，作者通过Shatz的建议来说明，可视化等策略可以有效帮助解决拖延。由此推知，拖延实际上是可以解决的。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·福建泉州市第六中学·期中） People who possess high self-esteem are able to commit better and produce a greater bond in relationships with others. Dr. Douglas feels that most people do not value themselves, but with love and self-respect anyone can be above normality and grasp success with the family, the office, or others. We have become too reliant on intelligence, beauty, and money for our own self-esteem. The loss of esteem reduces the will and ability to set and reach goals. In a series of readings Douglas teaches how to avoid negative statements, how to change them into self-facing behavior, and how to take charge of your mental attitude. Where other motivational and self-help works stop with the theoretical plan for success, Douglas takes everyday examples and puts them into his books. From raising children who believe in themselves to using self-esteem to help bridge the gap in the workplace, he gives readers concrete solutions to the problems that might ruin their interpersonal relations. Self-esteem building comes from filling your thoughts with positive affirmations (肯定) and learning to react to failures with motivation instead of self-destruction. These lessons are valuable for anyone who feels that life is even slightly out of control. People who feel they have adequate esteem can learn to use it to make their success grander, faster, and more beneficial for others. Douglas approaches this process of self-development as a means of more than creating good things for the individual but also for setting up keys for influencing good things for others. For more than thirty years, Dr. Douglas has addressed more than two million people on topics from time management to speaking effectively to raising drug-free children. He is the author of fifteen books, including How to Make a Habit of Succeeding. 1．What can we infer from Paragraph 1? A．Most people behave well enough. B．Self-respect means being above normality. C．Self-esteem matters much. D．Committing better equals greater success. 2．Why does Douglas put everyday examples into bis books? A．To be reliant on self-esteem. B．To set and reach goals. C．To avoid negative thoughts. D．To offer concrete solutions. 3．What does the author advise those whose life is slightly out of control to do? A．Learn to be positive. B．Face it unmotivatedly. C．Admit self-destruction. D．Ask for help. 4．What’s the most important to be self-development? A．Influencing the individual. B．Influencing more people. C．Gaining more benefits. D．Speaking more effectively. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了自尊心强的好处及如何培养自尊。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“People who possess high self-esteem are able to commit better and produce a greater bond in relationships with others. Dr. Douglas feels that most people do not value themselves, but with love and self-respect anyone can be above normality and grasp success with the family, the office, or others. (拥有高度自尊的人能够更好地承诺，并在与他人的关系中产生更大的纽带。道格拉斯博士认为，大多数人并不重视自己，但只要有爱和自尊，任何人都可以超越常态，在家庭、办公室或他人身上取得成功)”可知，文章第一段主要讲述自尊很重要，可以帮助人们获得成功。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“From raising children who believe in themselves to using self-esteem to help bridge the gap in the workplace, he gives readers concrete solutions to the problems that might ruin their interpersonal relations. (从培养那些相信自己的孩子，到利用自尊来帮助消除工作场所的分歧，他为读者提供了可能破坏他们人际关系的问题的具体解决方法)”可知，道格拉斯博士将日常案例写进书里，是为了为人们提供具体的解决方法。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Self-esteem building comes from filling your thoughts with positive affirmations (肯定) and learning to react to failures with motivation instead of self-destruction. These lessons are valuable for anyone who feels that life is even slightly out of control. (通过用积极的肯定填充你的想法，以此建立自尊心，并学会用动机而不是自毁来应对失败。这些教训对于任何觉得生活有点失控的人来说都是有价值的)”可知，作者建议生活有些失控的人学会积极，并给予自己积极的肯定。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段“Douglas approaches this process of self-development as a means of more than creating good things for the individual but also for setting up keys for influencing good things for others. (道格拉斯将这种自我发展的过程不仅仅视作为个人创造好事的手段，更创造了影响他人好事的诀窍)”可知，自我发展不仅是为了影响自己，更是为了影响更多的人。故选B。 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 While doing homework, Seoyoung Jun closed one eye and successfully picked up her pencil holder. She realized that directing herself in a 3D space didn’t require both eyes. This surprised her so much that she did some research. And she learned the brain can process 3D information with poor vision (视力) or even without any vision. Then the idea for Mind Beacon was born. It uses a thin line of light to gather 3D information about the placement of walls, furniture and other things. Then the light sends that information back to Mind Beacon,which then raises little pins (大头针) to show where those obstacles (障碍物) are. Then blind people can “read” the position of those pins to understand the positions of structures and objects ahead and walk around them. When the invention worked for the first time, Seoyoung didn’t believe it. She’d been up all night working on it. To be sure there wasn’t a mistake, she shut it off and started it up. It had been seven long months of research and testing. Now this tool can help disabled people create a mental image of their surroundings. The heart of Mind Beacon is a 3D depth sensor that’s connected to a computer. That computer can control motors that are lined up in three rows of three. Each motor controls a pin that can move up and down. When the sensor finds an obstacle, the pin rises. It can rise to three different heights. Each height roughly represents the height of the obstacle. Someone who runs their hand over the nine pins can tell where the obstacle is and its general height. Mind Beacon won Seoyoung a place at the world’s high school research competition. Right now, she wants to ameliorate it. She imagines in the future it can be connected to a smartphone, with more little pins to show the exact height of the obstacle. It would feel like a little map showing the location and size of the obstacle ahead. 1．What inspired Seoyoung to invent Mind Beacon? A．The desire to win a competition. B．The blind’s good sense of touch. C．Her wish to bring convenience to the disabled. D．Her ability to locate an object without full vision. 2．How does Mind Beacon help the blind? A．By informing them of the obstacles in advance. B．By teaching them to describe dangerous objects. C．By making them have easy access to the Internet. D．By training them to remember maps of their living areas. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The limitations of Mind Beacon pins. B．The working process of Mind Beacon. C．The role of computers in Mind Beacon. D．The effect of Mind Beacon on the blind. 4．What does the underlined word “ameliorate” probably mean? A．Keep. B．Spread C．Improve. D．Control. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。Seoyoung发明了一种可以帮助盲人绕过障碍物的新设备。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“While doing homework, Seoyoung Jun closed one eye and successfully picked up her pencil holder. She realized that directing herself in a 3D space didn’t require both eyes. This surprised her so much that she did some research. And she learned the brain can process 3D information with poor vision (视力) or even without any vision. Then the idea for Mind Beacon was born.(在做作业时，徐英全闭上一只眼睛，成功地拿起了铅笔架。她意识到在3D空间中指导自己并不需要两只眼睛。这让她非常惊讶，于是她做了一些研究。她还了解到，即使视力不好，甚至没有视力，大脑也能处理3D信息。于是，Mind Beacon的想法诞生了)”可知，Seoyoung仅用一只眼睛就能成功地拿起笔筒，这启发她发明出了Mind Beacon。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“It uses a thin line of light to gather 3D in- formation about the placement of walls, furniture and other things. Then the light sends that information back to Mind Beacon,which then raises little pins (大头针) to show where those obstacles (障碍物) are. Then blind people can “read” the position of those pins to understand the positions of structures and objects ahead and walk around them.(它使用一条细细的光线来收集关于墙壁、家具和其他东西的位置的3D信息。然后，光将这些信息传回Mind Beacon，然后Mind Beacon会竖起小大头针来显示这些障碍物的位置。然后盲人就可以“读懂”这些大头针的位置，从而了解前方建筑物和物体的位置，并绕着它们走)”可知，Mind Beacon通过让盲人提前知道障碍物的位置来给他们提供帮助。故选A项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The heart of Mind Beacon is a 3D depth sensor that’s connected to a computer. That computer can control motors that are lined up in three rows of three. Each motor controls a pin that can move up and down. When the sensor finds an obstacle, the pin rises. It can rise to three different heights. Each height roughly represents the height of the obstacle. Someone who runs their hand over the nine pins can tell where the obstacle is and its general height.(Mind Beacon的核心是一个3D深度传感器，与电脑相连。那台电脑可以控制排成三排的马达，每排三个。每个电机控制一个可以上下移动的引脚。当传感器发现障碍物时，引脚就会上升。它可以升到三种不同的高度。每个高度大致代表障碍物的高度。用手摸过9个木瓶的人就能说出障碍物的位置和大致高度)”可知，本段详细介绍了Mind Beacon的工作过程。故选B项。 4．词句猜测题。根据后文“She imagines in the future it can be connected to a smartphone, with more little pins to show the exact height of the obstacle. It would feel like a little map showing the location and size of the obstacle ahead.(她设想未来它可以连接到智能手机上，用更多的小针显示障碍物的确切高度。它就像一张小地图，显示前方障碍的位置和大小)”可知，Seoyoung 想改进她的发明，推知ameliorate为“改进”之意，和C项意思相近。故选C项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·福建泉州市安溪一中，养正中学，惠安一中，实验中学·期中） Engaging your brain actively at work can benefit you in more ways than just advancing your career — it may also safeguard your cognitive (认知的) abilities and help prevent dementia (痴呆症) as you get older, a new study found. The study, published in Neurology, analyzed health and occupational data on 7,000 Norwegians who were followed from their 30s until they retired in their 60s. “Many other studies on this topic have looked at the most recent jobs that people have,” said lead author Dr. Trine Edwin, a researcher at University of Oslo, “but due to the national database we have in Norway, we were able to follow people over much of their lifetimes.” To do the analysis, Edwin categorized the cognitive demands of 305 occupations in Norway. More cognitively demanding jobs were not based on routine tasks, even though repetition was required at times. “There were lawyers, doctors, accountants, and people in public service in this group, but the most common occupation was teaching,” Edwin said, “as effective communication outside of the classroom and school matters. It always depends on teachers’ understandings of students’ different situations and teachers’ empathy.” Having a routine job with little mental stimulation during your 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s is linked to a 66% higher risk of mild cognitive impairment (损伤) and a 37% greater risk of dementia after the age of 70, when compared with having an occupation — that requires more complex thinking. “The occupational environment is paramount in promoting cognitive well-being.” said Edwin. “Similarly, just like we can use physical exercise to grow and maintain our muscles, exercising our brain through more challenging work assignments seems to help fight dementia.” “While I’d guess that people at risk for dementia would be well served by taking advantage of professional advancement opportunities, learning new job tasks, and refining (改进) their skills at work over a period of time, further studies will need to clarify which specific activities have the most brain healthy benefits,” Edwin added. 1．Why is Edwin’s research remarkable? A．Because it focused on emerging industries. B．Because it tracked a long-term occupation impact. C．Because it only studied Norwegians of a certain age. D．Because it drew much inspiration from past studies. 2．What makes teaching a cognitively demanding job? A．The complete lack of repetitive tasks. B．The number of students and parents. C．The harmonious relationship it creates. D．The emotional labor it involves. 3．What does “paramount” underlined in paragraph 4 mean? A．Vital. B．Urgent. C．Realistic. D．Sufficient. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．activities that can refine people’s skills at work. B．A recommendation for future research directions. C．Tips for people who want professional advancement. D．Disadvantages of routine jobs that need further proof. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项新的研究发现，让大脑积极工作不仅能促进你的事业发展，还能随着年龄的增长，保护人们的认知能力，并有助于预防痴呆症。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The study, published in Neurology, analyzed health and occupational data on 7,000 Norwegians who were followed from their 30s until they retired in their 60s.(这项发表在《神经学》杂志上的研究分析了7000名挪威人的健康和职业数据，这些人从30多岁开始一直被跟踪到60多岁退休。)”可知，不同于大多数同类研究，这项研究分析了7000名挪威人的健康和职业数据，时间覆盖了这些人的30至60岁，由此可知，该研究追踪了职业的长期影响。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的““There were lawyers, doctors, accountants, and people in public service in this group, but the most common occupation was teaching,” Edwin said, “as effective communication outside of the classroom and school matters. It always depends on teachers’ understandings of students’ different situations and teachers’ empathy.”(“这个群体中有律师、医生、会计和公共服务人员，但最常见的职业是教师，”埃德温说，“因为课堂和学校之外的有效沟通很重要。”这总是取决于教师对学生不同情况的理解和教师的同理心。”)”可知，老师需要经常与学生和家长交流，即教师这一职业需要对家长和学生产生共情，使其成为对认知要求较大的工作。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据划线单词前的“Having a routine job with little mental stimulation during your 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s is linked to a 66% higher risk of mild cognitive impairment (损伤) and a 37% greater risk of dementia after the age of 70, when compared with having an occupation — that requires more complex thinking.(与需要更复杂思维的职业相比，在30多岁、40多岁、50多岁和60多岁做一份没有什么精神刺激的常规工作，患轻度认知障碍的风险要高出66%，70岁后患痴呆症的风险要高出37%。)”可知，没有什么精神刺激的常规工作会提高患上轻度认知障碍和痴呆症的风险，即职业环境在促进认知健康方面是至关重要的，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“重要的”意义相近。故选 A。 4．主旨大意题。根据尾段中的““While I’d guess that people at risk for dementia would be well served by taking advantage of professional advancement opportunities, learning new job tasks, and refining (改进) their skills at work over a period of time, further studies will need to clarify which specific activities have the most brain healthy benefits,” Edwin added.(Edwin补充说：“虽然我认为有痴呆症风险的人可以通过利用职业发展机会，学习新的工作任务，并在一段时间内提高他们的工作技能来得到很好的服务，但进一步的研究需要澄清哪些特定的活动对大脑健康最有好处。”)”可知，Edwin认为，虽然有痴呆症风险的人可以从一些行为中受益，但还需要进一步的研究来阐明哪些特定的活动对大脑健康最有好处，即指出了未来的研究方向。故选B。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高二上·福建福州市晋安区联考·期中） We like to think words are what matters. But in communicating with other people, what we do is at least as important as what we actually say. American professor Albert Mehrabian is one of the leading researchers on this topic. His study shows that within the first four minutes of meeting a stranger, our facial expressions make up 55 percent of the impression we make. In comparison, only seven percent of that impression comes from our actual words, with the rest of the information coming from the tone (语气) of voice. We may also like to think body language cannot be read like a book. It has no systematic grammar like that of a spoken / written language. And it seems less formal and exact. But scientists have found body language does have its own rules and can be exactly examined like a book written in your native tongue. For example, researchers Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen have identified about 3,000 different expressions and their meanings. They created the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), a tool for collecting meaning from expressions. But it’s also easy to misunderstand body language. The rules may fit most people but not everyone. Communication expert Carol Kinsey Goman once gave a report at a company in New York. The CEO sat at the table with his arms closely crossed, without smiling or nodding encouragement. In the end, he simply said “thank you” without making eye contact and left the room. Goman was shocked when the man’s secretary told her that he’d been favorably impressed by her. If the CEO hadn’t liked what he’d heard, the secretary explained to Goman, ”he would have gotten up right in the middle of your report and walked out“. You can train yourself to control your body language, and even use it to make your communication more effective. Communication expert Theresa Zagnoli, suggests a simple but useful approach. The technique (方法), called mirroring, involves studying the facial expressions, body movements, and the tone of voice used by the person to whom you’re talking, and then using them too. But make sure it’s done in a relaxed and normal way, Zagnoli says. 1．How much of the impression comes from our tone according to Albert’s research? A．7%. B．15%. C．38%. D．55%. 2．What does the example in Paragraph 2 show? A．Body language can be systematically studied. B．It is hard to understand human body language. C．The grammar of body language is very difficult. D．Expressions have thousands of different meanings. 3．What did the CEO’s body language mean in Goman’s eyes? A．He had a lot of work to do at the time. B．He showed little interest in her report. C．He was a little surprised at her report. D．He wanted to give her a good impression. 4．What does Zagnoli advise you to do when talking? A．Use more body language secretly. B．Copy others’ body language naturally. C．Compare your body language with others’. D．Improve your body language by learning experts’. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是说明文。文章说明了肢体语言和语言同样重要，可以被科学分析，可以用来提高交际效果。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“His study shows that within the first four minutes of meeting a stranger, our facial expressions make up 55 percent of the impression we make. In comparison, only seven percent of that impression comes from our actual words, with the rest of the information coming from the tone (语气) of voice.(他的研究表明，在与陌生人见面的前四分钟内，我们的面部表情占我们印象的55%。相比之下，只有7%的印象来自我们的实际单词，其余信息来自语气声音)”可知，我们的语气占剩下的38%（100-55-7）%。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“But scientists have found body language does have its own rules and can be exactly examined like a book written in your native tongue.(但科学家们发现，肢体语言确实有自己的规则，可以像用母语写的书一样进行精确的检查)”可推知，第2段中的例子表明肢体语言可以系统地学习。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Communication expert Carol Kinsey Goman once gave a report at a company in New York. The CEO sat at the table with his arms closely crossed, without smiling or nodding encouragement. In the end, he simply said “thank you” without making eye contact and left the room. Goman was shocked when the man’s secretary told her that he’d been favorably impressed by her. If the CEO hadn’t liked what he’d heard, the secretary explained to Goman, “he would have gotten up right in the middle of your report and walked out”.(传播专家Carol Kinsey Goman曾在纽约的一家公司做过一份报告。首席执行官坐在桌子旁，双臂交叉，没有微笑，也没有点头鼓励。最后，他只是简单地说了声“谢谢”，没有眼神交流，就离开了房间。当这个男人的秘书告诉戈曼他对她印象很好时，戈曼非常震惊。如果首席执行官不喜欢他所听到的，秘书向戈曼解释道，“他会在你的报告中间站起来，然后离开”。)”可知，在Goman看来，那位CEO在她作报告时双臂交叉，没有微笑和点头给予鼓励，是对她的讲解不太感兴趣。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The technique (方法), called mirroring, involves studying the facial expressions, body movements, and the tone of voice used by the person to whom you’re talking, and then using them too. But make sure it’s done in a relaxed and normal way, Zagnoli says.(这项被称为镜像的技术包括研究与你交谈的人的面部表情、肢体动作和语调，然后也使用它们。但扎格诺利说，要确保它是以一种放松和正常的方式完成的)”可知，Zagnoli 建议我们在谈话的时候自然地模仿他人的肢体语言。故选B。 主题03 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·福建宁德市福宁古五校教学联合体·期中） With just nine months left until Osaka Expo 2025, construction is fully underway. Held on an artificial island —Yumeshima in Osaka Bay — the event was master-planned by Sou Fujimoto Architects with the theme “Designing Future Society for Our Lives”. At the core of the six-month event are the incredible National Pavilions. Often designed by popular architects, these pavilions (展馆) frequently feature unique appearances and architectural details. Reuse and sustainability are common themes in the event’s designs. Many structures have been designed for use long after the event, with plans to disassemble and move them or use the materials in new construction projects. While the rising cost of materials has raised some concerns about the number of pavilions to be constructed, there is still plenty to look forward to. The official Expo 2025 Instagram even previewed Singapore’s pavilion under construction. We’re sure to see more images like this in the lead-up to opening day in April 2025. In the meantime, the official Expo 2025 Instagram is generating excitement about what’s to come by sharing design previews for 15 different national pavilions. These architectural treasures will be open to the public from April 13 to October 13, 2025. Here is a preview of some National Pavilions designed for Osaka Expo 2025. Inspired by Kuwait’s characteristic landscape and tradition, LAVA (Laboratory for Visionary Architecture) designed a pavilion with two symbolic wings that hug incoming visitors and light up in a nod to the country’s role as a sign of culture and tolerance. Lina Ghotmeh’s design for the Bahrain Pavilion highlights its rich maritime heritage as a major trade port. The Lebanese architect was also influenced by the shape of a dhow — a traditional wood sailing ship used throughout the Persian Gulf. Kengo Kuma & Associates was also inspired by the dhow when they designed Qatar’s pavilion. Created in cooperation with Qatar Museums, it connects traditional Japanese skills with Qatar’s boat construction. In doing so, it honors the connection these two countries share thanks to the sea. 1．What do we know about the construction of Osaka Expo 2025? A．It has been completed. B．It is in process. C．It is being planned. D．It will be designed. 2．What does the underlined word “disassemble” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Build. B．Design. C．Take apart. D．Put together. 3．What element is integrated into the design of the pavilion? A．The climate of each country. B．The language of each country C．The economy of each country. D．The culture of each country. 4．What will be probably discussed in the following part? A．How these pavilions will be recycled in the future. B．Why these buildings are built on an artificial island. C．How the expense of building materials will be cut down. D．What other architects have designed for Osaka Expo 2025. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大阪世博会2025的建设进展及多个国家馆的设计理念，强调了可持续性和文化传承的重要性。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“With just nine months left until Osaka Expo 2025, construction is fully underway. (距离2025年大阪世博会只有9个月的时间，这里的建设已经全面展开。)”可知，大阪世博会2025年的建设正在全面进行中。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Many structures have been designed for use long after the event, with plans to disassemble and move them or use the materials in new construction projects. (许多建筑在设计时是为了在事件发生后很长一段时间内使用，并计划将其disassemble和移动，或者将这些材料用于新的建筑项目。)”可知，这里指的是将建筑物拆解开来以便移动或使用材料进行新的建设项目，disassemble的含义为“拆开”。A. Build建造；B. Design设计；C. Take apart拆开；D. Put together放在一起。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Inspired by Kuwait’s characteristic landscape and tradition, LAVA (Laboratory for Visionary Architecture) designed a pavilion with two symbolic wings that hug incoming visitors and light up in a nod to the country’s role as a sign of culture and tolerance. (受到科威特特色景观和传统的启发，LAVA（梦幻建筑实验室）设计了一个有两个象征性翅膀的展馆，拥抱即将到来的游客，并照亮这个国家作为文化和宽容标志的角色。)”和第六段中“Lina Ghotmeh’s design for the Bahrain Pavilion highlights its rich maritime heritage as a major trade port. The Lebanese architect was also influenced by the shape of a dhow (单桅帆船) — a traditional wood sailing ship used throughout the Persian Gulf. (Lina Ghotmeh的巴林馆设计突出了其作为主要贸易港口丰富的海洋遗产。这位黎巴嫩建筑师还受到单桅帆船形状的影响，单桅帆船是波斯湾地区使用的一种传统的木制帆船。)”可知，每个设计都融入了各自国家的文化元素。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Kengo Kuma & Associates was also inspired by the dhow when they designed Qatar’s pavilion. Created in cooperation with Qatar Museums, it connects traditional Japanese skills with Qatar’s boat construction. In doing so, it honors the connection these two countries share thanks to the sea. (隈研吾建筑设计事务所在设计卡塔尔馆时也受到了单桅帆船的启发。该设计是在与卡塔尔博物馆的合作下完成的，它将传统的日本技艺与卡塔尔的船只建造联系起来，以此纪念两国因海相连的关系。)”可知，最后一段提到了一些国家馆的设计，基于此信息，接下来很可能会继续讨论其他建筑师为大阪世博会所设计的作品。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·福建龙岩市一级校联盟·期中） Angus Neish dared to hope that his fine-looking cattle, raised at Rodmead Farm in Wilt-shire, would win a prize at the Royal Bath and West Show last month. The annual fair, held near Shepton Mallet, in Somerset, is England’s oldest and grandest. As well as a fiercely competitive livestock (家畜) parade, it features Morris dancing, sheep-shearing and a vintage fairground. Its pony-chariot races are second to none. Many contestants performed spiritedly before a large crowd. 100,000 turned out for some of the three-day show. Britons love a fair. No one is sure exactly how many shows there are across the country, but at least 365 days of such rural events happen annually across the country. Roughly one in ten Britons attend them each year. It appears their popularity is rising. In late June, it was the turn of the Royal Highland Show, near Edinburgh, where 217,000 people breaking a record set in 2019 rolled up. It is estimated that the event last year boosted nearby businesses by almost £40m ($51m). Why do people go? Nostalgia (怀旧) is evidently a draw. At Bath and West, as colored flags flapped, visitors formed queues, bought cream teas and listened as a military band played wartime hits. Rural shows also have a purpose. Many fairs were founded to spread the knowledge of new farming technology among rural populations. Some of that mission lives on. A secondary goal is to better educate those who flood in from towns and cities—urban folk make up a decent share of those who pack the grounds. Some consumers also come armed with powerful knowledge of food supply chains as well as sometimes picky personal preferences for organic, local, animal-friendly and environmentally sound products. Laura Williams, of the Royal Welsh Show, notes that visitors are “much more invested in farming and interested in where their food comes from” than in years past. A last purpose, naturally, is for farmers to excel against their rivals (竞争对手) in friendly competition. In this respect, Mr. Neish enjoyed an utterly successful day. In a first for Bath and West, his cattle scooped all four of the top prizes on offer in their categories. Such victories do not bring immediate, large financial rewards, but should boost the reputation of his program. 1．What do we know about the fair last month? A．It was held in the oldest city. B．It was a monthly show. C．It witnessed high attendances. D．It had the fiercest competition. 2．What’s the purpose of the shows? A．To narrow the urban-rural gap. B．To promote wartime hit record. C．To remove competition among farmers. D．To offer an insight into farming. 3．What will Mr. Neish gain from Bath and West? A．An opportunity to advertise. B．An instant and large profit. C．A marketing strategy. D．An academic reputation. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Farm products: sweeping British B．Rural shows: victors’ stage C．Masses of farmers: true winners D．Fun of the fair: gaining popularity 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了英国人喜欢农业展会的原因。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The annual fair, held near Shepton Mallet, in Somerset, is England’s oldest and grandest.(这个每年一度的展览会在萨默塞特郡谢普顿马利特附近举行，是英格兰最古老、最盛大的展览会)”和“Many contestants performed spiritedly before a large crowd. 100,000 turned out for some of the three-day show.(许多选手在一大群人面前表演得很卖力。10万人参加了为期三天的展览)”可知，上个月举办的展览会是英格兰最古老、最盛大的展览会，而且有10万人参加。由此可推测出，这场展览会的出席人数很多。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“A secondary goal is to better educate those who flood in from towns and cities — urban folk make up a decent share of those who pack the grounds. Some consumers also come armed with powerful knowledge of food supply chains as well as sometimes picky personal preferences for organic, local, animal-friendly and environmentally sound products. (第二个目标是更好地教育那些从城镇涌入的人——城市居民在收拾土地的人中占了相当大的比例。一些消费者还对食品供应链有着深入的了解，有时还对有机、当地、动物友好和环保产品有着挑剔的个人偏好)”可知，举办这些展览会是为了教育那些来自城镇的人，让他们深入了解农业。故选D。 3． 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In a first for Bath and West, his cattle scooped all four of the top prizes on offer in their categories. Such victories do not bring immediate, large financial rewards, but should boost the reputation of his program.(在巴斯和韦斯特的第一次比赛中，他的牛获得了他们类别中所有四个最高奖项。这样的胜利不会立即带来巨大的经济回报，但应该会提高他的计划的声誉)”可知，Neish先生所取得的胜利不会带来即时经济回报，但会提高他的计划的声誉，由此可推测出，他会从这场展览会中获得一个为自家农场做广告的机会。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Britons love a fair. (英国人喜欢展览会)”和“It appears their popularity is rising.(看来它们的人气正在上升)”以及第四段中的“Why do people go?(人们为什么要去)”并结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了农业展览会越来越受人们的推崇，并解释了人们喜爱它的原因，由此可推测出，D项Fun of the fair: gaining popularity(展会的乐趣：日益风行)最适合作本文标题。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·福建厦门第一中学·期中） Want to know what is coming soon to a cinema near you? Probably not a 1.5-hour-long movie, as in the old days. On October 20th comes Killers of the Flower Moon. At nearly three and a half hours, its length is nearly double that of the average film last year. Even movie fans struggle to concentrate for that long and some viewers even nod off. Afterwards there is a mad dash for the toilets. When does watching a film become such a slog? The Economist analyzed over 100,000 feature films released internationally since the 1930s, the start of Hollywood’s golden age, using data from IMDb, a movie database. The average length of productions rose by around 24%, from one hour and 21 minutes in the 1930s to one hour and 47 minutes in 2022. For the ten most-popular titles, the average length grew to around two and a half hours in 2022, nearly 50% higher than in the 1930s. One driver of this trend is that studios want to squeeze the most out of their costly intellectual property (知识产权), but they are competing with streaming platforms for eyeballs. The hope is that a spectacular, drawn-out “event” movie will draw audiences away from the small screen and into cinemas. This approach has often paid off: Avengers: Endgame Marvel’s three-hour superhero masterpieces, was the highest-grossing (票房最高的) film in 2019. Last year long movies series made up most of the highest-grossing films in America. Another explanation for longer films has to do with directors’ growing influence. Who would dare tell the likes of Mr. Nolan to cut out his masterpieces? Moreover, streaming platforms, which do not have to worry as much about the length because viewers can pause whenever they like, may attract big names by promising them sufficient fund and creative freedom. Netflix funded and released three-hour The Irishman in 2019, a film that would have benefited from a decisive editor, Irish or otherwise. 1．The underlined part “a slog” in paragraph 1 refers to a(n)___. A．pleasure B．effort C．conflict D．feast 2．What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A．The average length affects the popularity of films. B．Great advances have been made in film industry. C．Hollywood starts a golden age of feature films. D．The average duration of movies has stretched. 3．What sets the trend of longer movies? A．Competition for the target audience. B．Thirst for more classic productions. C．Influence of streaming platforms. D．Preference for decisive editors. 4．What is probably the best title for the passage? A．Movie Enthusiasts B．Movie Marathons C．Movie Production D．Movie Influence 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。为什么电影的时长变得越来越长，文章分析了出现这种现象的原因。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Even movie fans struggle to concentrate for that long and some viewers even nod off. Afterwards there is a mad dash for the toilets.(即使是影迷也很难在这么长时间内集中注意力，一些观众甚至会打盹。之后，人们疯狂地冲向厕所)”可知，看电影也不再是轻松的事，所以划线单词a slog指的是“艰苦的工作”，与effort意义一致。故填B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The average length of productions rose by around 24%, from one hour and 21 minutes in the 1930s to one hour and 47 minutes in 2022. For the ten most-popular titles, the average length grew to around two and a half hours in 2022, nearly 50% higher than in the 1930s.(制作的平均长度增加了约24%，从20世纪30年代的1小时21分钟增加到2022年的1小时47分钟。2022年，十大最受欢迎的游戏的平均时长增长到两个半小时左右，比上世纪30年代高出近50%)”可推知，电影的平均时长延长了。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“One driver of this trend is that studios want to squeeze the most out of their costly intellectual property (知识产权), but they are competing with streaming platforms for eyeballs. The hope is that a spectacular, drawn-out “event” movie will draw audiences away from the small screen and into cinemas.(推动这一趋势的一个因素是，电影公司希望最大限度地利用其昂贵的知识产权，但他们也在与流媒体平台争夺眼球。他们希望一部壮观的、旷日持久的“大事件”电影能把观众从小屏幕吸引到电影院)”可知，电影平均时长延长是为了吸引观众到电影院。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Want  to know what is coming soon to a cinema near you? Probably not a 1.5-hour-long movie, as in the old days. On October 20th comes Killers of the Flower Moon. At nearly three and a half hours, its length is  nearly double that of the average film last year. Even movie fans  struggle to concentrate for that long and some viewers even nod off.  Afterwards there is a mad dash for the toilets. When does watching a  film become such a slog?(想知道你附近的电影院即将上映什么电影吗？可能不会像过去那样是一部1.5小时长的电影。10月20日上映的《花月杀手》。该片时长近三个半小时，几乎是去年平均时长的两倍。即使是影迷也很难在这么长时间内集中注意力，一些观众甚至会打盹。之后，人们疯狂地冲向厕所。什么时候看电影变成了一件苦差事？)”及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了电影的时长变得越来越长这一现象，并分析了出现这种现象的原因。由此可知，B项“Movie Marathons(电影马拉松)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·福建福州福清市·期中） Octopuses (章鱼) in the wild have often been observed changing their skin color to catch their food or avoid being caught. Now, for the first time, a researcher has shot an attractive video of octopus called Heidi rapidly changing into a quantity of colors while dreaming. The video, part of Octopus: Making Contact, a documentary first shown on PBS on October 2, 2019. was shot by a fish lover David Scheel, who has raised Heidi in a fish tank since she was young. The professor at Alaska Pacific University in Anchorage believes that the octopus — whose skin went from pale gray to ghostly white to deep dark violet, before changing into a greenish-brown camouflage (伪装) pattern — was dreaming of catching her next meal. “She’s asleep; she sees a crab (螃蟹), and her color starts to change a little bit,” Scheel says in the video. “Then she turns all dark. Octopuses will do that when they leave the bottom.” He adds. “This is a camouflage as she’s just caught a crab, and now she’s going to sit there and eat it, and she doesn’t want anyone to notice her. If she’s dreaming, that’s the dream.” Scheel’s theory about Heidi’s pleasant dream originates from the fact that animals with the ability to camouflage have never been observed changing colors so abruptly while sleeping. The hour-long documentary, which tracks Scheel’s developing relationship with the octopus, also shows Heidi’s other skills. She enjoys playing with small toys, watching television — particularly The Big Bang Theory — and solving puzzles. The talented octopus can also escape from small spaces, use tools, and even press a button on a remote control. Like any smart family pet, Heidi recognizes Scheel and his teenage daughter Laura and excitedly rushes to her tank’s side in greeting every time either comes close. 1．What is the octopus doing in the video? A．Hunting. B．Hiding. C．Dining. D．Sleeping. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The relationship between Scheel and Heidi. B．Scheel’s guessing about the dream of Heidi. C．The octopus’ daily activities in a fish tank. D．The research results about octopuses’ dream. 3．What do we know about the documentary? A．It is about an octopus and her host Scheel. B．It is filmed and produced by Laura. C．It records an octopus’ dream content. D．It shows octopuses change colors when hunting. 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．An Octopus Changes Colors While Sleeping B．An Important Discovery Shown on PBS C．A Documentary About an Octopus’ Life Habit D．A Fish Lover Raises an Amazing Octopus 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了谢尔拍摄了一部纪录片，记录一只章鱼在睡觉的时候会改变颜色。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Now, for the first time, a researcher has shot an attractive video of octopus called Heidi rapidly changing into a quantity of colors while dreaming.(现在，一位研究人员第一次拍摄了一段迷人的视频：一只名叫海蒂的章鱼在做梦时迅速变换成各种颜色)”可知，视频中的章鱼在睡觉。故选D项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“‘She’s asleep; she sees a crab (螃蟹), and her color starts to change a little bit,’ Scheel says in the video. ‘Then she turns all dark. Octopuses will do that when they leave the bottom.’ He adds. ‘This is a camouflage as she’s just caught a crab, and now she’s going to sit there and eat it, and she doesn’t want anyone to notice her. If she’s dreaming, that’s the dream.’ Scheel’s theory about Heidi’s pleasant dream originates from the fact that animals with the ability to camouflage have never been observed changing colors so abruptly while sleeping.(“她睡着了；她看到了一只螃蟹，然后她的颜色就开始发生了一点变化。”舍尔在视频中说。“然后她就变黑了。章鱼离开海底时会这么做。”他补充道。“这是一种伪装，因为她刚刚抓到了一只螃蟹，现在她要坐在那里吃它，她不想让任何人注意到她。如果她在做梦，那就是梦。”希尔关于海蒂的愉快梦的理论源于这样一个事实：有伪装能力的动物从未被观察到在睡觉时颜色变化如此突然)”可推知，本段主要介绍了舍尔对章鱼的梦的猜测。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The hour-long documentary, which tracks Scheel’s developing relationship with the octopus, also shows Heidi’s other skills.(这部长达一小时的纪录片记录了希尔和章鱼的关系发展，还展示了海蒂的其他技能)”可知，纪录片主要是关于章鱼和它的主人谢尔的故事。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段中“Now, for the first time, a researcher has shot an attractive video of octopus called Heidi rapidly changing into a quantity of colors while dreaming.(现在，一位研究人员第一次拍摄了一段迷人的视频：一只名叫海蒂的章鱼在做梦时迅速变换成各种颜色)”可知，本文主要介绍了一只在做梦时迅速变换成各种颜色的章鱼，所以“An Octopus Changes Colors While Sleeping (章鱼睡觉时会变色)”是最佳标题。故选A项。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高二上·福建福州市华侨中学，金山中学·期中） In a foreign country, a man visited a local restaurant. He didn’t speak their language. He ordered something indecipherable (难以辨认的) off the menu. When the waiter brought him a plate of delicious looking fried noodles, he smiled and made an OK sign at the waiter with his thumb and forefinger linked in a circle. Looking angry, the waiter then picked up the dish and thrown it to his lap. What he did wrong, he wondered. Well, nothing is quite as it seems when it comes to using hand gesture in another country. Gestures have been used to replace words in many countries, and they are often specific to a given culture. Gesture may mean something complimentary in one culture, but is highly offensive in another. The gesture “thumb-up” is commonly misinterpreted. In English, it is popularly known as “thumbs up”, despite the fact that the action is commonly performed with only one hand. English-speaking Caucasians use it to signal “OK”, which is the same meaning as OK ring gesture. The two can in fact be used almost interchangeably. Avoid using this gesture in Northern Greece unless you want to invite a fight. While American, British and Australian would use the thumb-up to signal hitch-hiking to the drivers, this message will not encourage a Greek driver or motorist to stop to give them a ride. There are no right or wrong signals, only cultural differences. Lack of cultural understanding will lead to disharmony among people from different cultures. When we know what to look for, such encounters with other cultures are actually very interesting, fascinating and fun. It is certainly a great topic to discuss over a cup of coffee and cakes. 1．What did the man in the first paragraph do wrong? A．He misunderstood the waiter. B．He didn’t realize cultural differences. C．He ordered something off the menu. D．He made the signal in a rude way. 2．What does the underlined word in the second paragraph mean? A．Full of admiration. B．Full of aggression. C．Full of complexity. D．Full of certainty. 3．What will happen if you make a thumb up toward a man in Northern Greece? A．He will stop to give you a lift. B．He will get annoyed and fight against you. C．He will ask you to give him a lift. D．He will make the same signal toward you. 4．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To explain the meaning of different gestures. B．To tell stories about different cultures. C．To advise us to have an understanding of cultural differences. D．To persuade people from different countries to live in harmony. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了手势语在不同的国家有不同的含义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“When the waiter brought him a plate of delicious looking fried noodles, he smiled and made an OK sign at the waiter with his thumb and forefinger linked in a circle. Looking angry, the waiter then picked up the dish and thrown it to his lap. What he did wrong, he wondered. Well, nothing is quite as it seems when it comes to using hand gesture in another country.(当服务员给他端来一盘看起来很美味的炒面时，他笑了笑，用拇指和食指围成一个圈，向服务员做了一个OK的手势。服务员看起来很生气，然后拿起盘子扔到他的腿上。他不知道自己做错了什么。当谈到在另一个国家使用手势时，一切都不像看起来那么简单)”可知，这个男人没有意识到文化差异，做错了手势。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Gestures have been used to replace words in many countries, and they are often specific to a given culture. (手势在许多国家已经被用来代替单词，而且它们往往是特定文化的特有特征)”可知，手势在不同的文化中有不同的含义。结合第二段中“Gesture may mean something complimentary in one culture, but is highly offensive in another.(手势在一种文化中可能意味着complimentary，但在另一种文化则极具攻击性)”的but可知前后是转折关系，故划线词和后面的冒犯相对，意为“钦佩的”，与A项“Full of admiration.(充满钦佩)”意思相近。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Avoid using this gesture in Northern Greece unless you want to invite a fight.(除非你想打架，否则不要在希腊北部使用这种手势) ”可知，如果你向希腊北部的一个男人竖大拇指，他会生气并与你产生争斗。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“Gestures have been used to replace words in many countries, and they are often specific to a given culture.  Gesture may mean something complimentary in one culture, but is highly offensive in another.(手势在许多国家已经被用来代替单词，而且它们往往是特定文化的特有特征。手势在一种文化中可能意味着赞美，但在另一种文化则极具攻击性)”可知，本文主要讲述了不同的手势在不同的文化中意思不同。由此推知，本文的目的是建议人们理解文化差异。故选C。 Passage 6 （24-25学年高二上·福建福州十校·期中） Mandy and Joe have been married for five years and they both love travelling to new countries. But while this shared hobby brings them together, it is also a source of contention.  “I do all the planning and book,” says Mandy. “Don’t get me wrong. I enjoy it, but if Joe paid a bit more attention, he wouldn’t have turned up for a flight to Grenada packed for a winter city break. ‘Jumpers and boots?!’ I cried. ‘You’re supposed to have packed shorts and T-shirts—it’s 30℃ in the Caribbean!’ Then I realized he thought we were going to Granada, in Spain.” How Joe and Mandy each approach their travel plans is just one example of the many ways in which men and women differ. Yet, is what goes on inside our minds and bodies really so different? Furthermore, are we born that way? On this issue, scientists are divided. The majority of scientists believed that patterns of behaviour thought to be more male or female are learnt firstly from our parents, then from our peers(同龄人)and, ultimately, from the societies in which we live. As Simone de Beauvoir famously said, “One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman.” On the other side of the fence sat those who believed that male and female brains are actually wired differently. In one study in which 34 monkeys were required to interact with different types of toys, the males showed a strong preference for toys with wheels rather than soft toys, whereas the females were noticeably drawn to soft toys. These preferences were clearly not the result of parental influence. Whatever the truth behind the differences between men and women, we can safely conclude that although the social impact on how we think and behave is undeniable, there exists a biological contribution. The question that now needs answering is to what extent biology affects the choices we make and the way other people treat us. 1．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Disagreement. B．Satisfaction. C．Inspiration. D．Information. 2．What topic does the text focus on? A．Whether men and women are different. B．Why minds and bodies are so different. C．What causes the sex difference. D．How different males and females are. 3．What does the study about monkeys prove? A．Monkeys have their own preferences. B．Parents indeed have strong impacts. C．Men and women are born different. D．Females and males behave differently. 4．Which statement about sex differences does the author probably agree with? A．Biology contributes to the difference. B．Biology mostly affects our choices. C．Social influence can be ignored. D．Peers have more impact than parents. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．A 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，文章以Mandy和Joe的故事为切入点，主要介绍男人和女人在行为模式上不同的原因。 1．词句猜测题。while意为“尽管”，由“this shared hobby brings them together（共同的爱好让他们走到一起）”可知，句子表示“虽然共同的爱好让他们走到一起，但这也是争论的来源”，因此划线词“contention”的意思是“争论”，即Disagreement，故选A。 2．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“How Joe and Mandy each approach their travel plans is just one example of the many ways in which men and women differ. Yet, is what goes on inside our minds and bodies really so different? Furthermore, are we born that way?（乔和曼迪如何处理他们的旅行计划只是男人和女人在许多方面不同的一个例子。然而，我们的大脑和身体内部发生的事情真的如此不同吗？此外，我们是天生如此吗？）”可知，本文主要论述的是男人和女人在行为模式上不同的原因，即What causes the sex difference，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段的“On the other side of the fence sat those who believed that male and female brains are actually wired differently.（另一方面，那些反对此观点的人认为男性和女性的大脑实际上是不同的。）”和“These preferences were clearly not the result of parental influence.（这些偏好显然不是父母影响的结果。）”可知，关于猴子的研究证明了男人和女人是天生不同的。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“there exists a biological contribution. The question that now needs answering is to what extent biology affects the choices we make and the way other people treat us.（它也有生物学方面的影响。现在需要回答的问题是，生物学在多大程度上影响了我们的选择以及别人对待我们的方式。）”可知，作者可能同意的关于性别差异的观点是生物学造成了这种差异。故选A。 主题04 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·福建漳州市龙文第一中学·期中） We can find robots everywhere. Robots build cars, play chess and can clean your house. They may drive your car in the near future. Two robots, named Spirit and Opportunity, were sent to Mars on a mission (任务) to explore the red planet. Robots also help people in natural disasters. They are used in search and rescue operations following an earthquake or a nuclear accident. In most cases, robots are sent to places considered to be unsafe. The problem is that all of those types of situations are extremely unpredictable and unfriendly. And it is very likely that robots in those situations become damaged. When a dog loses a leg, the animal eventually finds the best way to get around on three legs. In a short time, the dog learns to deal with its physical disability. Now, scientists have developed robots that behave in the same way. Jeff Clune, a computer scientist, is developing the latest and advanced technology so that robots will continue operating after the first sign of injury. He wants the machines to have the ability to analyze the cause and change to continue performing until they can be repaired. The researchers have added one more operation to the skill set of robots working under complicated conditions. They programmed a hexapod robot with six legs and a robotic arm. Their findings were reported in the journal Nature. Once the hexapod robots become damaged, they can use their own knowledge of how their body works to find a solution. The hexapod robots are also programmed with childlike curiosity. In other words, they are always asking questions and looking for the answers. The whole process just takes about a minute for the robots to overcome the damage and continue to carry out the task. 1．What do we know about robots? A．They usually work in dangerous places. B．They may do great harm to people. C．Dogs are used to help them work well. D．People can’t live normally without them. 2．According to Jeff Clune, the new technology ____. A．helps robots deal with the damage. B．protects robots from serious harm. C．makes robots have self-repair ability. D．allows robots to realize possible danger. 3．What can we infer about the hexapod robots? A．The idea of them is from Nature. B．They can sense people’s feelings. C．They look like children in appearance. D．They can make changes in a very short time. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．How to Use Robots Properly. B．Robots are Helpful to Humans. C．Damaged Robots Learn to Keep Working. D．The Development of the Hexapod Robot. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家研发出能在受损后继续工作的机器人。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In most cases, robots are sent to places considered to be unsafe. (在大多数情况下，机器人被派往被认为不安全的地方。)”可知，机器人通常在危险的地方工作，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Jeff Clune, a computer scientist, is developing the latest and advanced technology so that robots will continue operating after the first sign of injury. He wants the machines to have the ability to analyze the cause and change to continue performing until they can be repaired.(计算机科学家杰夫·克卢恩正在开发最新和先进的技术，以便机器人在出现受伤迹象后能继续工作。他希望这些机器能够具备分析故障原因的能力，并做出调整以继续运行，直至可以进行维修。)”可知，新技术帮助机器人处理损伤，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Once the hexapod robots become damaged, they can use their own knowledge of how their body works to find a solution. (一旦六足机器人受损，它们就能利用自身对身体工作原理的了解来找到解决方案。)”和最后一段中“The whole process just takes about a minute for the robots to overcome the damage and continue to carry out the task. (整个过程只需大约一分钟，机器人就能克服损伤并继续执行任务。)”可知，六足机器人能在很短的时间内做出改变，故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第三段“Jeff Clune, a computer scientist, is developing the latest and advanced technology so that robots will continue operating after the first sign of injury. He wants the machines to have the ability to analyze the cause and change to continue performing until they can be repaired. (计算机科学家杰夫·克卢恩正在开发最新且先进的技术，以便机器人在出现首个受伤迹象后仍能继续运行。他希望这些机器能够具备分析原因并进行改变的能力，从而在能够修复之前继续执行任务。)”可知，文章主要讲述了科学家们研发新技术使受损机器人能继续工作，所以C选项“Damaged Robots Learn to Keep Working (受损机器人学会继续工作)”最符合文章标题，故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·福建永春二中晋江内坑中学等五校·期中） In June, a shareholder (股东) advocacy group called As You Sow pressured Microsoft to consider the way it “restricts consumer access to device repairability.” Other tech companies, like Dell, HP and Motorola, have already begun making their devices more repairable, getting ahead of Right to Repair laws that are very likely on the way. A sure sign is the order signed last year by the president of the USA．It directed the Federal Trade Commission to create Right to Repair rules. In the past, Microsoft has actively lobbied (游说) against Right to Repair bills, but surprisingly, in October, Microsoft agreed to expand its repair choices, supplying access to parts and information needed for repairs. They’ve promised to make parts and service manuals available to the public by the end of 2022. Microsoft even promised to conduct a study evaluating the environmental impact of device repairability. “This is the first time we’ve seen a major company step up and make the promise,” says Kyle Wiens, CEO of repair guide site iFixit. “Amazingly, instead of telling the activist shareholders to go away, Microsoft said we’re gonna do it.” Right to Repair is a global movement that advocates for people’s right to repair their own electronic devices and extend the life of the devices. Advocates believe this is going to help solve the pressing problem of e-waste - used electronics that people no longer want - which is a major source of pollution. Activists advocate for laws that will force makers to increase device repairability. The shareholder advocacy group drove Microsoft to increase device repairability using a tool often employed by climate activists. As shareholders, climate activists often introduce resolutions that other shareholders can vote on (就……表决), thereby forcing companies to make changes. “It’s a smart strategy to use your position as a shareholder to raise these kinds of issues, because it demands a company response,” says Aaron Perzanowski, a law professor. The positive response from companies like Microsoft, Perzanowski says, could be linked to a combination of public pressure, a desire to get ahead of upcoming laws and a growing understanding of the problem of electronic waste. 1．What can we infer about Right to Repair laws in the USA? A．They are ignored by the president. B．They have a very long way to go. C．They may be adopted soon. D．They are rejected by most tech companies. 2．Which of the following surprised Kyle Wiens? A．The negative environmental impact of device repairability. B．Microsoft’s change of attitude to device repairability. C．Some companies’ lobbying against Right to Repair bills. D．The empty promises about repairability made by Microsoft. 3．What is a purpose of the movement of Right to Repair? A．Protecting the environment. B．Lowering production costs. C．Making more profits. D．Improving the quality of devices. 4．What is a smart strategy used by As You Sow according to Perzanowski? A．Lobbying for device repairability. B．Working with climate activists. C．Holding a shareholders’ meeting. D．Presenting a shareholder resolution. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文。修理权运动给技术公司施加压力，迫使他们让电子产品变得方便修理，这样也可以减少电子产品垃圾对环境的污染。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Other tech companies, like Dell, HP and Motorola, have already begun making their devices more repairable, getting ahead of Right to Repair laws that are very likely on the way. (其他科技公司，如戴尔（Dell）、惠普（HP）和摩托罗拉（Motorola），已经开始让自己的设备更容易维修，赶在很可能即将出台的《维修权法案》之前。)”和最后一段中的“a desire to get ahead of upcoming laws (一种赶在即将出台的法律之前的愿望)”可知，在美国修理权法律可能很快会被通过。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的““This is the first time we’ve seen a major company step up and make the promise,” says Kyle Wiens, CEO of repair guide site iFixit. “Amazingly, instead of telling the activist shareholders to go away, Microsoft said we’re gonna do it.” (维修指导网站iFixit的首席执行官凯尔•维恩斯表示：这是我们第一次看到一家大公司站出来做出承诺。令人惊讶的是，微软并没有让那些激进的股东走开，而是说我们要这么做。)”可知，微软公司之前向来反对修理权运动，但是这次微软公司对电子设备可修理性态度的转变让Wiens感到惊讶。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Advocates believe this is going to help solve the pressing problem of e-waste - used electronics that people no longer want - which is a major source of pollution. (倡导者认为，这将有助于解决电子垃圾的紧迫问题——人们不再需要的二手电子产品——这是污染的主要来源。)”可知，修理权运动的目的之一是保护环境，因为电子产品的快速更迭会造成环境污染。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的内容““It’s a smart strategy to use your position as a shareholder to raise these kinds of issues, because it demands a company response,” says Aaron Perzanowski, a law professor. (法学教授亚伦•佩扎诺夫斯基（Aaron Perzanowski）表示：利用股东的身份提出这类问题是一个明智的策略，因为这需要公司做出回应。)”可知，游说团体As You Sow通过提交股东决议迫使微软公司对修理权法案作出回应。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·福建三明市永安九中、宁化六中、沙县金沙高级中学、宁化滨江实验中学·期中） If you’re planning to go on a diet, or if you suffer from serious conditions like diabetes (糖尿病), knowing exactly what and how much you’re eating is essential. In this day and age, we have calorie and nutrition calculators even on our smartphones, but they act only as guides, whereas a famous company’s revolutionary new device, CaloRieco, actually analyzes the food on your plate and provides accurate information in just a few seconds. You’ve probably used calorie calculators before, and you know that they only offer general information. For example, a calculator will tell you the average number of calories in a hamburger, but it can’t tell you exactly how many calories are in the hamburger. The same goes for nutrients like protein or fat. And this is what makes the new CaloRieco so special. The spokesman for the company said that its outstanding invention is aimed at dieters and diabetes sufferers, both of whom make up a sizable market. Displayed at a recent tech show, CaloRieco is a high-tech device that uses light reflection technology to determine the nutritional values of almost any food and also provide accurate calorie estimates. All you have to do is put your plate in the box-shaped device and wait between 10 and 20 seconds for it to analyze all the food. Once it’s done analyzing the various ingredients (成分) in your meal, CaloRieco displays the number of calories, as well as the nutritional content on an LED display. According to the company, the device is able to recognize the vast majority of foods, except soups and very dark dishes. CaloRieco can also connect to your smartphone via an app, and send all the data about analyzed foods to your handheld device, so you can access it whenever you need. Unfortunately, you’ll have to wait a bit longer to get your hands on your very own CaloRicco, as the device presented at the show is just a prototype (样机) which needs to be improved. It’s expected to be a hit in the next few years, but the price remains a mystery. 1．What is the advantage of CaloRieco? A．It uses light reflection technology. B．It offers general information of food. C．It is a high-tech device working as a guide. D．It can present the exact calorie of analyzed food. 2．According to the text, CaloRieco ________. A．needs a long time to analyze the food B．can count the calories of all foods on your plate C．can display the food data on the smartphone directly D．may be well received among dieters and diabetes sufferers 3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A．The data. B．The app. C．The smartphone. D．The food. 4．What can we infer about CaloRieco from the last paragraph? A．It’s perfect. B．It’s promising. C．It’s costly. D．It’s portable 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新发明CaloRieco，它能提供分析食物的准确数据，还可以帮助节食者和糖尿病患者分析食物，从而得到很好的治疗。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“In this day and age, we have calorie and nutrition calculators even on our smartphones, but they act only as guides, whereas a famous company’s revolutionary new device, CaloRieco, actually analyzes the food on your plate and provides accurate information in just a few seconds.(在这个时代，我们甚至在智能手机上都有卡路里和营养计算器，但它们只是作为指南，而著名公司的革命性新设备CaloRieco实际上分析了你盘子里的食物，并在几秒钟内提供准确的信息)”和第二段中“For example, a calculator will tell you the average number of calories in a hamburger, but it can’t tell you exactly how many calories are in the hamburger. The same goes for nutrients like protein or fat. And this is what makes the new CaloRieco so special.(例如，计算器会告诉你一个汉堡包的平均卡路里数，但它不能告诉你汉堡包到底有多少卡路里。蛋白质或脂肪等营养物质也是如此。这就是新CaloRieco的特别之处)”可知，CaloRieco的优势是能够提供分析食物的准确数据。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句话“The spokesman for the company said that its outstanding invention is aimed at dieters and diabetes sufferers, both of whom make up a sizable market. Displayed at a recent tech show, CaloRieco is a high-tech device that uses light reflection technology to determine the nutritional values of almost any food and also provide accurate calorie estimates.(该公司发言人表示，该公司的杰出发明面向减肥者和糖尿病患者，这两个群体都占据了相当大的市场。CaloRieco是一种高科技设备，它使用光反射技术来确定几乎所有食物的营养价值，并提供准确的卡路里估算)”可知，CaloRicco 的目标顾客是减肥者和糖尿病患者，因为它可以为这些人提供食物的准确分析数据。所以这款产品在减肥者和糖尿病患者中可能很受欢迎。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在的前半句话“CaloRieco can also connect to your smartphone via an app, and send all the data about analyzed foods to your handheld device(CaloRieco还可以通过应用程序连接到您的智能手机，并将有关分析食品的所有数据发送到您的手持设备)”可知，CaloRieco还可以通过应用程序连接到您的智能手机，并把分析出来的数据发送到你的设备中，这样无论你什么时候需要，都能查看数据。所以it在这里指代分析出来的数据。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Unfortunately, you’ll have to wait a bit longer to get your hands on your very own CaloRieco, as the device presented at the show is just a prototype (样机) which needs to be improved. It’s expected to be a hit in the next few years, but the price remains a mystery.(不幸的是，你需要再等一段时间才能拿到自己的CaloRieco，因为展会上展示的设备只是一个需要改进的原型。预计它将在未来几年内大受欢迎，但价格仍然是个谜)”可知，这个产品还需要进一步的改善，但是在未来它会很受欢迎。由此可推知，这个产品还是很有前景的。故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·福建福州市八县（市）协作校·期中） How social media has changed language Social media has had an immeasurable impact on the world. It has increased interconnectivity and sped up the spread of information, but its biggest impact of all might be the changes it has made to language. Dozens of terms and phrases have originated on social media. “Selfie” was named word of the year by the Oxford English Dictionary in 2013 and ‘Face with Tears of Joy’ emoji in 2015. Many social media slangs like ‘hashtag’, ‘lol’ and ‘emoji’ are included in the dictionary and have become commonplace due to wide usage on social media platforms. Other social media words are new combinations of words. Photobomb, for instance, describes the phenomenon of intruding (闯入；侵入) on somebody’s photograph, which came about due to the success of image-sharing platforms. Social media has done more than invent new words and combine existing ones. It has completely transformed the meaning of a large portion of our language. The word “add”means sending an invite to connect social media accounts. “Likes” are now a numerical measurement of popularity. So far,We have only discussed social media‘s effect on English, but it also has major impacts on cross-language communication.Some social media platforms have a built-in translation function that intends to minimize linguistic barriers between users. This has been described as “surprisingly accurate”. But as translation agency Global Voices points out, social media usage across cultures differs greatly, and no built-in algorithm (算法) can translate this. Another way social media has made progress in breaking down the language barrier is with AI chatbots. Chatbots are gaining popularity on social media for their smart interactions. Some have said chatbots could eventually be used to teach languages. They say the best way of learning a language is to try speaking it, and with social media dominating communication, who’s to say speaking to a chatbot is not just as good? 1．How has social media contributed to the development of language in paragraph 2? A．By introducing new vocabulary. B．By encouraging formal language usage. C．By changing the original meaning of words. D．By improving cross-cultural communication. 2．Which word has changed its meaning due to social media? A．Emoji. B．Selfie. C．Add. D．Photobomb. 3．What does Global Voices say about the translation function of social media platforms? A．It lacks accuracy in practical application. B．It fails to recognize informal language. C．It should further improve the built-in algorithm. D．It does not fully deal with cultural differences in language use. 4．According to the last paragraph, what is some people’s attitude towards chatbots when it comes to language learning? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Indifferent. D．Uncertain. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社交媒体对语言发展的影响，包括新词汇的创造、旧词意的变化以及跨文化交流上的促进作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Dozens of terms and phrases have originated on social media. “Selfie” was named word of the year by the Oxford English Dictionary in 2013 and ‘Face with Tears of Joy’ emoji in 2015. Many social media slangs like ‘hashtag’, ‘lol’ and ‘emoji’ are included in the dictionary and have become commonplace due to wide usage on social media platforms. (数十个术语和短语起源于社交媒体。“Selfie自拍”在2013年被牛津英语词典评为年度词汇，而“喜极而泣的脸”表情符号则在2015年获得这一称号。许多像“hashtag话题标签”、“lol大笑”和“emoji表情符号”这样的社交媒体俚语已被收录进字典，并且由于在社交平台上的广泛使用而变得十分常见。)”可知，数十个术语和短语起源于社交媒体，说明社交媒体引入了语言新词汇。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Social media has done more than invent new words and combine existing ones. It has completely transformed the meaning of a large portion of our language. The word “add” means sending an invite to connect social media accounts. “Likes” are now a numerical measurement of popularity. (社交媒体不仅仅是创造了新词或组合现有词汇，它还彻底改变了我们大量语言的意义。“Add”这个词现在意味着发送邀请以连接社交媒体账户。“Likes”现在成为了一种衡量受欢迎程度的数字指标。)”可知，“add”这个词由于社交媒体而改变了其意义，现在指的是发送邀请以连接社交媒体账户。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But as translation agency Global Voices points out, social media usage across cultures differs greatly, and no built-in algorithm can translate this. (但正如翻译机构Global Voices所指出的，不同文化间的社交媒体使用差异很大，没有任何内置算法能够翻译这种差异。)”可推知，说明社交媒体平台的翻译功能没有完全解决语言使用中的文化差异问题。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Another way social media has made progress in breaking down the language barrier is with AI chatbots. Chatbots are gaining popularity on social media for their smart interactions. Some have said chatbots could eventually be used to teach languages. They say the best way of learning a language is to try speaking it, and with social media dominating communication, who’s to say speaking to a chatbot is not just as good? (社交媒体在打破语言障碍方面的另一个进步是通过人工智能聊天机器人。聊天机器人因其智能互动而在社交媒体上越来越受欢迎。有人说，聊天机器人最终可以被用来教授语言。他们认为学习语言最好的方式就是尝试去说，既然社交媒体主导着交流，那么与聊天机器人对话何尝不是一种同样好的学习方式呢？)”可知，聊天机器人因其智能互动而在社交媒体上越来越受欢迎，与聊天机器人对话也是一种同样的学习方式，表明一些人对聊天机器人在语言学习上持积极态度。故选A。 Passage 5 （24-25学年高二上·福建福州市八县（市）协作校·期中） At Nature Fresh Farms in Leamington, Canada, there’s something new among the rows of tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers and strawberries. Using thousands of sensors in every greenhouse, artificial-intelligence technology is helping the farm in aspects such as lighting, irrigation and harvest timing, aiming to increase the yields of its crops and reduce its use of power and water. Farmers use drones(无人机) to survey farms and look for information on weeds, pests and disease. A lot of research into AI and agriculture is done at ins$ 专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·福建泉州市泉港区培文学校·期中） What year were you born in? Are you a dragon? That is to say, were you born in the Year of the Dragon? As we know, the Year of the Dragon has arrived with us for a while, and everyone is excited about talking about dragons. Many of them have noticed that more and more people are using the word “loong” instead of “dragon” in their daily life. Actually, the longs in Chinese culture, believe it or not, are far different from the dragons in Western culture. First, let’s talk about their origins (起源). Longs are connected to stars and rain. They are believed to have to do with the power of emperors in the past. Dragons, however, are related to floods and dangerous waters underground. Second, let’s dig into their stories. Longs are like messengers between the sky and the earth. They help out the rulers, who become kings because of them. Dragons, though, are troublemakers. They fight with the rulers and can even beat them! But as time passes, dragons lose their shine and heroes start killing them. Third, let’s look at what they mean. Since longs represent (代表) power, they are seen as a symbol of the emperor and an important part of ceremonies and traditions. Dragons, though, are bad news. They are a symbol of evil (恶), and beating the dragons is seen as a victory over evil. Lastly, let’s check out how they look. Longs are like a mix of animals, with heads like camels and necks like snakes. They don’t need wings to fly because they are already skilled at it. Dragons are more like snakes, living underground and causing problems. They don’t have wings either, but people add those to make them look more impressive. 1．Why does the writer start the passage by asking questions? A．To make a report. B．To do a survey. C．To introduce a normal year. D．To catch readers’ interests. 2．What are longs connected with according to the passage? A．Stars and the moon. B．The power of emperors. C．Troublemakers and evil. D．Dangerous waters underground. 3．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Rulers. B．Snakes. C．Heroes. D．Longs. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Longs have wings. B．Dragons are good news. C．Longs are used in ceremonies. D．Dragons’ heads are like camels. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·福建三明市永安九中、宁化六中、沙县金沙高级中学、宁化滨江实验中学·期中） Sending a thumbs-up can be seen as passive aggressive (冒犯的), according to Gen Z (those born between 1995 and 2009) who say they feel attacked whenever it is used. Whether the chat is informal, between friends or at work the symbol appears to have a very different, ‘rude’meaning for the younger generation. A 24-year-old on Reddit summed up the Gen Z argument, saying it is best never used in any situation as it is “hurtful”. “No one of my age in the office does it, but the Gen X (those born between 1966 and 1980) people always do it. Take me a bit to adjust and get it out of my head that it means they're mad-at me,” he added. Other young people agreed it is bad form, especially at work where it can make the team appear unfriendly and not easygoing. “My last workplace had a WhatsApp chat for our team to send information to each other on, and most of the people on there just replied with a thumbs up. I don't know why, but it seemed a little bit aggressive to me,”one woman said. One Reddit user also said the thumbs up actually means that “I've read your message and have nothing to add and I hope and pray...all the people in this group chat have nothing to say on it too.” Older workers appear confused by the reaction, saying they use the thumbs up in work-related chats to show “I agree” or “I understood and will follow.” Part of the issue is that young people tend to use the thumbs-up in jokes. Barry Kennedy, 24, he said he only used it to communicate with older people like his parents or older colleagues. A survey of 2, 000 people conducted by Perspectus Global showed that a majority of people between the ages of 16 and 29 believe that you are “officially old”if you use thumbs-up or heart emoji. 1．What does the thumbs-up emoji mean to Gen Z according to the text? A．It shows agreement. B．It is considered rude or hurtful. C．It is used to joke with older people. D．It symbolizes friendship. 2．Why does one woman find the thumbs-up emoji aggressive in her workplace? A．Because it is a formal way of communication. B．Because it shows disagreement with her messages. C．Because it seems dismissive and unresponsive. D．Because it was used only by younger colleagues. 3．What can be inferred about older workers from the text? A．They misunderstand the younger generation's emoji preferences. B．They intentionally use thumbs-up to annoy younger colleagues. C．They avoid using emojis in work-related chats. D．They view emojis as inappropriate in formal settings. 4．Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage? A．The Emoji Debate: Generational Differences B．How Thumbs-Up Became a Global Symbol C．The Rise of Emojis in Professional Chats D．Why Older Workers Prefer Thumbs-Up Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·福建龙岩市非一级达标校·期中） A team of researchers led by an archaeologist at the University of Sydney are the first to suggest that eyed needles (针) were a new technological innovation used to decorate clothing for social and cultural purposes. Dr. Gilligan and his co-authors reexplain the evidence of recent discoveries in the development of clothing. “Why do we wear clothes? We think that it’s part of being human. When you look at different cultures, you realize that people existed and functioned perfectly enough in society,” Dr. Gilligan says. “What interests me is the change of clothing from being a physical necessity in certain environments, to a social necessity in all environments.” The earliest known eyed needles appeared about 40,000 years ago in Siberia. One of the man-made objects from the Stone Age, eyed needles are more difficult to make when compared to bone awls (尖钻), which was used for creating fitted clothing. Bone awls are tools made of animal bones that are sharpened. Eyed needles are revised bone awls, with a hole in them. As evidence suggests bone awls were already being used to create tailored clothes, the innovation of eyed needles may reflect the production of more complex (复杂的) clothing, as well as the decoration of clothes by attaching small decorative items onto them. Dr. Gilligan and his co-authors argue that clothing became an item of decoration because traditional body decoration methods, like body painting, weren’t possible during the latter part of the last Ice Age in colder parts of Eurasia, because people were needing to wear clothes all the time to survive. The changes of clothing allowed larger and more complex societies to form, as people could relocate to colder climates while also cooperating with their community based on shared clothing styles and symbols. The skills associated with clothing contributed to a more sustainable (可持续的) lifestyle and improved the long-term survival and prosperity of human communities. 1．What was Dr. Gilligan’s doubt related to? A．The long history of clothing. B．The function of clothes. C．The wide-spread area of clothing. D．The process of making clothes. 2．Why might eyed needles be considered more advanced than bone awls? A．They were made of stronger materials. B．They helped produce fancier clothes. C．They were easier to produce than bone awls. D．They were used mainly for creating basic clothing. 3．What does the author think of the changes of clothing? A．Beneficial. B．Challenging. C．Impractical. D．Confusing. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The history of eyed needles: Their use in ancient China. B．The beginnings of fashion: Eyed needles and the changes of clothing. C．The development of technology: Eyed needles and bone awls. D．The innovation of bone awls: Impact on clothing decoration. Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·福建福州市八县（市、区）一中·期中） For much of the past hundred years, classrooms have been designed with the teacher seated in front of desks for students. But many educators now say children can do better in a less structured environment. Bob Pearlman works as an education advisor in the United States. He told The Associate Press that traditional classrooms are a thing of the past. Now students work in ''enlarged learning areas" that include project-planning rooms, workrooms, and laboratories, as well as learning spaces for groups and individuals. Pearlman points to Albemarle County Public Schools, in Charlottesville, Virginia. The school system invited teams from all its schools to develop learning spaces that would help students deal with complex (复杂的) ideas and work on creative building projects. Now, its primary school classes have exchanged traditional desks for things like soft seating and connectable tables. Another change to the design of classrooms is the ability to connect to the Internet. " Classrooms, libraries, and laboratories used to be the only spaces where students spent their school hours. Wireless, laptops and project learning have changed that," Pearlman said. He noted that this has made all school spaces into possible enlarged learning areas. David Thornburg, who wrote the book From the Campfire to the Holodeck, said Pearlman's concept (概念) met the students' need. He said schools should provide spaces based on how humans learn. That could mean one room is used in different ways at different times, or in different ways at the same time. Earp is with Teacher magazine, a publication of the nonprofit Australian Council for Educational Research. She noted that in the 1970s, American Robert Sommer, a psychologist, was urging a critical(批判性的) look at traditional classroom designs. Earp said that in addition to newer "freeform" classroom designs, some teachers could find good results with designs that combine new and old ideas. They could try lining up desks at the start of the year and then placing them in groups as the classroom relationships become clearer and project work begins. 1．What change happened to Albemarle County Public Schools? A．Studying time. B．Learning materials. C．Teaching Strategy. D．Classroom furniture. 2．What does the underlined word "that" in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The new design. B．The existing classroom. C．The application of the Internet. D．The limitation on learning spaces. 3．What' s David' s attitude towards Pearlman' s classroom design? A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Disagreeing. 4．What’s the ideal classroom in Earp's eyes? A．It should be designed by teachers. B．It should offer freedom to students. C．It should combine modern and traditional ideas. D．It should offer comfortable learning environment. 5．Which of the following can serve as a suitable title? A．Opinions about classroom designs. B．Methods to enlarge learning spaces. C．Weaknesses of traditional classrooms. D．Considerations in classroom designing. Passage 5 （24-25学年高二上·福建厦门第一中学·期中） Imagine you’ re out for an evening walk in a foreign city, looking to find a restaurant for dinner. If you’ re like most people, you will look for the busiest restaurant with the most diners because its popularity is bound to reflect on the quality of food and service. But is this true? In tourist areas, early diners have no meaningful clues as to which restaurant to choose, so they may have picked their evening eatery on a whim (一时兴起). Following passers-by may have misinterpreted their restaurant choice as a well-informed decision and blindly followed their example. This could have resulted in a snow-balling effect, whereby ever-increasing numbers of customers were attracted to the restaurant in question, creating a false impression of approval. Therefore, following the example of others could have led to a suboptimal(次优的) dinner choice in an overcrowded restaurant. Blindly copying other people’s thoughts or choices or simply going with the crowd is often referred to as “herd behavior(从众行为).” It is a frequent occurrence among humans as well as many other animals. Herding can appear to make a lot of sense. Average judgments of large groups of people often outperform individual choices. Furthermore, following the crowd appears to offer protection and comfort—— after all, there’s “ safety in numbers”--while helping to maintain a favorable fame. Finally, following the herd reduces the effort needed to make a personal or unique decision; it is therefore an easy option. Herd behaviors, while common and easy to explain, hold significant dangers. Contrary to the so-called “wisdom of crowds”, which emerges when the judgments of individual group members are independently collected to produce an average opinion, herd behaviors typically rely on so-called “information cascades”, where people take on others’ beliefs or copy their choices without critically evaluating the underlying reasons. As a result, herding can have many undesirable outcomes, including negative influences on consumer choices, like in the restaurant example above. 1．What likely causes a restaurant’s popularity in tourist areas according to Para.2? A．Early diners choose it based on its high quality and reputation. B．Passers-by may assume that the early diners made an informed choice. C．The restaurant is recommended by locals familiar with the area. D．The restaurant is advertised as having high-quality food and service. 2．What is one reason why people tend to follow the crowd? A．It leads to average judgments. B．It brings a sense of security. C．It challenges a favorable reputation. D．It allows for better decision-making. 3．What does the underlined “ information cascades” mean in Para.5? A．Adopting others’ beliefs or choices without evaluation. B．Critical evaluation of underlying reasons for choices. C．Average judgments formed by large groups of people. D．Independent collection of individual opinions and judgments. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards “herd behavior”? A．Neutral B．Favorable C．Critical D．Indifferent 主题02 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·福建莆田市仙游县第二教研片区·期中） The swan is a large, beautiful bird with a long neck, big white wings and wide feet. It is a great flyer because of its strong wings. It is also a good swimmer, swimming quickly and nicely through the water. But on dry land, it’s a different story—the swan’s heavy body and slow walk make it look a bit funny! Swans live anywhere there is fresh water, like lakes and slow-moving rivers. They eat water plants and small fish. Swans are very territorial (地盘性的), which means that they protect their homes against any strangers. When swans want to look strong, they stand up tall, show their long necks and open their big wings while letting out big noises. In spring, swans make a nest (巢) of tree leaves near the water. They often use the same nest year after year, repairing it when egg laying time comes round. The mother swan lays between five and eight eggs in the nest, and then sits on them to keep them warm and safe until about a month later, cygnets are born. Sometimes the father swan will take the first—born cygnets out onto the water while the mother stays to look after the other eggs. The cygnets are looked after by both parents, who will fight other animals, people or even boats if they think their cygnets are in danger! 1．To make them look strong, swans ________. A．swim quickly B．stand on one leg C．move their necks often D．open their wings 2．About swans’ nests, we know that ________. A．they build their nests after spring B．they often use the same nest every year C．they use the nests just for laying eggs D．they build their nests under the water 3．After laying eggs, mother swans ________. A．cover the eggs with tree leaves B．stay away and watch the eggs C．stay to sit on top of the eggs D．have the father look after the eggs 4．The underline word “cygnets” in this passage means ________. A．the swan nests B．the father swans C．the baby swans D．the mother swans Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·福建莆田第一中学·期中） Dinosaur AttractionsThe Field Museum Even beyond its impressive dinosaur exhibit, the Field Museum is a must-see destination for the whole family. The Evolving Planet display follows the evolution of life on our planet from the very beginning, when life was a single-celled organism, to the appearance of mankind. Fee: Adults $38.00; Children (6-18) $17.50, (5 and under) free Museum of the Earth This museum is kid-friendly thanks to its large number of hands-on activities. There is a vast collection of fossils(化石), such as large, complete skeletons(骨架) and those of small sea animals. The Discovery Lab at the museum is an interactive space for kids to play and learn in. They can even search for fossils and keep what they find. Fee: Adults $18.00; Children (13-19) $10.00, (12 and under) free Dinosaur World This park offers animatronic(电子的) dinosaurs that bring to life many prehistoric scenes and it features fossils from dinosaurs found in Florida. Although this park has plenty to offer, food isn’t one of them. However, there is a lovely picnic area where families can bring their own lunches and enjoy the bright Florida sunshine. Fee: Adults $26.00; Children (10-19) $15.00, (9 and under) free Cabazon Dinosaurs Cabazon Dinosaurs, located in Riverside County, California, is an unusual roadside attraction that has been there since 1975. Home to over fifty larger-than-life dinosaur statues, this park is a fantastic place to let kids run wild. Visitors can hunt for fossils and participate in a dinosaur dig. Featured a lot of movies, this park is a great way to spend a few hours. Fee: Adults $13.00: Children (8-18) $11.00, (7 and under) free 1．At which place may visitors learn about the development of life on Earth? A．The Field Museum. B．Dinosaur World. C．Cabazon Dinosaurs. D．Museum of the Earth. 2．How much should a teen and his parent pay for their visit to the Discovery Lab? A．$54.00 B．$46.00 C．$36.00 D．$28.00 3．What is the shared feature of the four dinosaur attractions? A．Interactive spaces. B．Hands-on activities. C．Kid-friendly design. D．Dinosaur-themed movies. 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·福建泉州市泉港区培文学校·期中） We all want to do things well. For example, as students all of us want to have a good performance in study and get good grades. However, growing up also includes accepting when things go wrong. In fact, mistakes can lead to some of the most interesting and meaningful results. Aiming for good results can help you focus on (关注) your goals, but it’s also important to focus on enjoying the process. Getting too hung up on whether things go as planned can put a lot of pressure on you and lead to worry. That’s why it’s good to leave some room for mistakes and imperfections. Dr. Rekha Vara is a doctor who helps people with their mental health (心理健康). She says getting things wrong is part of growing up. “We also have to experience the uncomfortable feeling when we get things wrong. This helps us to become stronger,” says Dr. Vara. “Or we’ll be too scared to make mistakes. This fear can lead us to put off doing difficult things or avoid trying new things.” Learning from your mistakes is necessary during growing up. The most important thing is what you choose to do next. Try not to take it too seriously, blame yourself or feel too disappointed or upset. Dr. Vara explains, “Remember you’re a common man. Humans make mistakes.” ______, then these feelings will soon pass and then you’ll feel happier. Instead, thinking about what you might do differently next time helps a lot. In one study, if students were reminded to forgive (宽恕) and be kind to themselves when they failed a test, they felt more encouraged to try again, while other students were less pleased to have a second try. 1．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．执迷 B．懊悔 C．遗憾 D．忽略 2．Which of the following would Dr. Vara agree with? A．Fear leads us to try new things. B．Failure is normal in growing up. C．Good results make us stronger. D．People hardly ever get things wrong. 3．Which of the following can be put in “______” in Paragraph 4? A．Everyone will grow up B．Process is really important C．You should enjoy your feelings D．You might feel uncomfortable at first 4．How does the writer support his idea in the last Paragraph? A．By telling stories. B．By giving an example. C．By listing numbers. D．By describing a problem. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·福建莆田市第十五中学·期中） If you’re stuck in what seems like an endless cycle of procrastination (拖延), guilt and chaos, you might be wondering “Why am I so lazy?”. Despite that common belief, laziness usually isn’t the reason behind procrastination, said Jenny Yip, a clinical psychologist. “Laziness is like, ‘I have absolutely no desire to even think about this.’ Procrastination is, ‘It troubles me to think about this. And therefore, it’s hard for me to get the job done.’ That’s a big difference.” Knowing why you procrastinate and learning how to fight against it are the only ways to change your behavior. Psychologist Sapadin sought to help this self-improvement effort with her book How to Beat Procrastination in the Digital Age. You could be the perfectionist, the dreamer, the worrier or the defier (对抗者) — these are all procrastination styles that Sapadin lists in her book. Both perfectionists and worriers might put off starting tasks due to a fear of failure or criticism. And like a perfectionist, a dreamer might always want something better. As for the defier, they tend to view life in terms of what others expect or require them to do, not what they want. This pessimism weakens their motivation to complete tasks. Procrastination can have practical consequences, such as falling behind at work or failing to achieve personal goals. But there are also emotional or mental impacts. It has been associated with depression, anxiety and stress, poor sleep, inadequate physical activity, loneliness and economic difficulties, according to a January study of more than 3,500 college students. Knowing why you procrastinate can make you self-aware, but you still need strategies to break the habit. In such cases, “consider contacting a professional, like a psychologist, who might be able to help you,” said Shatz, a creator of the website Solving Procrastination. “Visualization (可视化) works,” Shatz added. “If you can imagine Yourself completing a task, then it becomes more achievable simply because you have an idea that it can be done.” At the end of the day, how you approach life is “all about your belief system”. If you believe you can, you can. Whatever you believe, you’re right. 1．What does Jenny Yip mean according to paragraph 1? A．Procrastination keeps people in chaos. B．Procrastination is not a result of laziness. C．Lazy people can’t help thinking about the job. D．Lazy people are often stuck in procrastination. 2．Why is the defier one of the procrastination styles? A．They long for something better. B．They have a fear of failure or criticism. C．They prioritize others’ expectations. D．They have a pessimistic outlook on life. 3．What does the author indicate by mentioning a January study? A．Procrastination has an impact on economics. B．Procrastinstion is connected with mental problems. C．College students have difficulties in achieving goals. D．College students are generally affected by procrastination. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Procrastination can be resolved. B．Procrastination is due to self-unawareness. C．Knowing your procrastination relieves it. D．Visualization is ineffective against procrastination. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·福建泉州市第六中学·期中） People who possess high self-esteem are able to commit better and produce a greater bond in relationships with others. Dr. Douglas feels that most people do not value themselves, but with love and self-respect anyone can be above normality and grasp success with the family, the office, or others. We have become too reliant on intelligence, beauty, and money for our own self-esteem. The loss of esteem reduces the will and ability to set and reach goals. In a series of readings Douglas teaches how to avoid negative statements, how to change them into self-facing behavior, and how to take charge of your mental attitude. Where other motivational and self-help works stop with the theoretical plan for success, Douglas takes everyday examples and puts them into his books. From raising children who believe in themselves to using self-esteem to help bridge the gap in the workplace, he gives readers concrete solutions to the problems that might ruin their interpersonal relations. Self-esteem building comes from filling your thoughts with positive affirmations (肯定) and learning to react to failures with motivation instead of self-destruction. These lessons are valuable for anyone who feels that life is even slightly out of control. People who feel they have adequate esteem can learn to use it to make their success grander, faster, and more beneficial for others. Douglas approaches this process of self-development as a means of more than creating good things for the individual but also for setting up keys for influencing good things for others. For more than thirty years, Dr. Douglas has addressed more than two million people on topics from time management to speaking effectively to raising drug-free children. He is the author of fifteen books, including How to Make a Habit of Succeeding. 1．What can we infer from Paragraph 1? A．Most people behave well enough. B．Self-respect means being above normality. C．Self-esteem matters much. D．Committing better equals greater success. 2．Why does Douglas put everyday examples into bis books? A．To be reliant on self-esteem. B．To set and reach goals. C．To avoid negative thoughts. D．To offer concrete solutions. 3．What does the author advise those whose life is slightly out of control to do? A．Learn to be positive. B．Face it unmotivatedly. C．Admit self-destruction. D．Ask for help. 4．What’s the most important to be self-development? A．Influencing the individual. B．Influencing more people. C．Gaining more benefits. D．Speaking more effectively. 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 While doing homework, Seoyoung Jun closed one eye and successfully picked up her pencil holder. She realized that directing herself in a 3D space didn’t require both eyes. This surprised her so much that she did some research. And she learned the brain can process 3D information with poor vision (视力) or even without any vision. Then the idea for Mind Beacon was born. It uses a thin line of light to gather 3D information about the placement of walls, furniture and other things. Then the light sends that information back to Mind Beacon,which then raises little pins (大头针) to show where those obstacles (障碍物) are. Then blind people can “read” the position of those pins to understand the positions of structures and objects ahead and walk around them. When the invention worked for the first time, Seoyoung didn’t believe it. She’d been up all night working on it. To be sure there wasn’t a mistake, she shut it off and started it up. It had been seven long months of research and testing. Now this tool can help disabled people create a mental image of their surroundings. The heart of Mind Beacon is a 3D depth sensor that’s connected to a computer. That computer can control motors that are lined up in three rows of three. Each motor controls a pin that can move up and down. When the sensor finds an obstacle, the pin rises. It can rise to three different heights. Each height roughly represents the height of the obstacle. Someone who runs their hand over the nine pins can tell where the obstacle is and its general height. Mind Beacon won Seoyoung a place at the world’s high school research competition. Right now, she wants to ameliorate it. She imagines in the future it can be connected to a smartphone, with more little pins to show the exact height of the obstacle. It would feel like a little map showing the location and size of the obstacle ahead. 1．What inspired Seoyoung to invent Mind Beacon? A．The desire to win a competition. B．The blind’s good sense of touch. C．Her wish to bring convenience to the disabled. D．Her ability to locate an object without full vision. 2．How does Mind Beacon help the blind? A．By informing them of the obstacles in advance. B．By teaching them to describe dangerous objects. C．By making them have easy access to the Internet. D．By training them to remember maps of their living areas. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The limitations of Mind Beacon pins. B．The working process of Mind Beacon. C．The role of computers in Mind Beacon. D．The effect of Mind Beacon on the blind. 4．What does the underlined word “ameliorate” probably mean? A．Keep. B．Spread C．Improve. D．Control. Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·福建泉州市安溪一中，养正中学，惠安一中，实验中学·期中） Engaging your brain actively at work can benefit you in more ways than just advancing your career — it may also safeguard your cognitive (认知的) abilities and help prevent dementia (痴呆症) as you get older, a new study found. The study, published in Neurology, analyzed health and occupational data on 7,000 Norwegians who were followed from their 30s until they retired in their 60s. “Many other studies on this topic have looked at the most recent jobs that people have,” said lead author Dr. Trine Edwin, a researcher at University of Oslo, “but due to the national database we have in Norway, we were able to follow people over much of their lifetimes.” To do the analysis, Edwin categorized the cognitive demands of 305 occupations in Norway. More cognitively demanding jobs were not based on routine tasks, even though repetition was required at times. “There were lawyers, doctors, accountants, and people in public service in this group, but the most common occupation was teaching,” Edwin said, “as effective communication outside of the classroom and school matters. It always depends on teachers’ understandings of students’ different situations and teachers’ empathy.” Having a routine job with little mental stimulation during your 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s is linked to a 66% higher risk of mild cognitive impairment (损伤) and a 37% greater risk of dementia after the age of 70, when compared with having an occupation — that requires more complex thinking. “The occupational environment is paramount in promoting cognitive well-being.” said Edwin. “Similarly, just like we can use physical exercise to grow and maintain our muscles, exercising our brain through more challenging work assignments seems to help fight dementia.” “While I’d guess that people at risk for dementia would be well served by taking advantage of professional advancement opportunities, learning new job tasks, and refining (改进) their skills at work over a period of time, further studies will need to clarify which specific activities have the most brain healthy benefits,” Edwin added. 1．Why is Edwin’s research remarkable? A．Because it focused on emerging industries. B．Because it tracked a long-term occupation impact. C．Because it only studied Norwegians of a certain age. D．Because it drew much inspiration from past studies. 2．What makes teaching a cognitively demanding job? A．The complete lack of repetitive tasks. B．The number of students and parents. C．The harmonious relationship it creates. D．The emotional labor it involves. 3．What does “paramount” underlined in paragraph 4 mean? A．Vital. B．Urgent. C．Realistic. D．Sufficient. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．activities that can refine people’s skills at work. B．A recommendation for future research directions. C．Tips for people who want professional advancement. D．Disadvantages of routine jobs that need further proof. Passage 5 （24-25学年高二上·福建福州市晋安区联考·期中） We like to think words are what matters. But in communicating with other people, what we do is at least as important as what we actually say. American professor Albert Mehrabian is one of the leading researchers on this topic. His study shows that within the first four minutes of meeting a stranger, our facial expressions make up 55 percent of the impression we make. In comparison, only seven percent of that impression comes from our actual words, with the rest of the information coming from the tone (语气) of voice. We may also like to think body language cannot be read like a book. It has no systematic grammar like that of a spoken / written language. And it seems less formal and exact. But scientists have found body language does have its own rules and can be exactly examined like a book written in your native tongue. For example, researchers Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen have identified about 3,000 different expressions and their meanings. They created the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), a tool for collecting meaning from expressions. But it’s also easy to misunderstand body language. The rules may fit most people but not everyone. Communication expert Carol Kinsey Goman once gave a report at a company in New York. The CEO sat at the table with his arms closely crossed, without smiling or nodding encouragement. In the end, he simply said “thank you” without making eye contact and left the room. Goman was shocked when the man’s secretary told her that he’d been favorably impressed by her. If the CEO hadn’t liked what he’d heard, the secretary explained to Goman, ”he would have gotten up right in the middle of your report and walked out“. You can train yourself to control your body language, and even use it to make your communication more effective. Communication expert Theresa Zagnoli, suggests a simple but useful approach. The technique (方法), called mirroring, involves studying the facial expressions, body movements, and the tone of voice used by the person to whom you’re talking, and then using them too. But make sure it’s done in a relaxed and normal way, Zagnoli says. 1．How much of the impression comes from our tone according to Albert’s research? A．7%. B．15%. C．38%. D．55%. 2．What does the example in Paragraph 2 show? A．Body language can be systematically studied. B．It is hard to understand human body language. C．The grammar of body language is very difficult. D．Expressions have thousands of different meanings. 3．What did the CEO’s body language mean in Goman’s eyes? A．He had a lot of work to do at the time. B．He showed little interest in her report. C．He was a little surprised at her report. D．He wanted to give her a good impression. 4．What does Zagnoli advise you to do when talking? A．Use more body language secretly. B．Copy others’ body language naturally. C．Compare your body language with others’. D．Improve your body language by learning experts’. 主题03 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·福建宁德市福宁古五校教学联合体·期中） With just nine months left until Osaka Expo 2025, construction is fully underway. Held on an artificial island —Yumeshima in Osaka Bay — the event was master-planned by Sou Fujimoto Architects with the theme “Designing Future Society for Our Lives”. At the core of the six-month event are the incredible National Pavilions. Often designed by popular architects, these pavilions (展馆) frequently feature unique appearances and architectural details. Reuse and sustainability are common themes in the event’s designs. Many structures have been designed for use long after the event, with plans to disassemble and move them or use the materials in new construction projects. While the rising cost of materials has raised some concerns about the number of pavilions to be constructed, there is still plenty to look forward to. The official Expo 2025 Instagram even previewed Singapore’s pavilion under construction. We’re sure to see more images like this in the lead-up to opening day in April 2025. In the meantime, the official Expo 2025 Instagram is generating excitement about what’s to come by sharing design previews for 15 different national pavilions. These architectural treasures will be open to the public from April 13 to October 13, 2025. Here is a preview of some National Pavilions designed for Osaka Expo 2025. Inspired by Kuwait’s characteristic landscape and tradition, LAVA (Laboratory for Visionary Architecture) designed a pavilion with two symbolic wings that hug incoming visitors and light up in a nod to the country’s role as a sign of culture and tolerance. Lina Ghotmeh’s design for the Bahrain Pavilion highlights its rich maritime heritage as a major trade port. The Lebanese architect was also influenced by the shape of a dhow — a traditional wood sailing ship used throughout the Persian Gulf. Kengo Kuma & Associates was also inspired by the dhow when they designed Qatar’s pavilion. Created in cooperation with Qatar Museums, it connects traditional Japanese skills with Qatar’s boat construction. In doing so, it honors the connection these two countries share thanks to the sea. 1．What do we know about the construction of Osaka Expo 2025? A．It has been completed. B．It is in process. C．It is being planned. D．It will be designed. 2．What does the underlined word “disassemble” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Build. B．Design. C．Take apart. D．Put together. 3．What element is integrated into the design of the pavilion? A．The climate of each country. B．The language of each country C．The economy of each country. D．The culture of each country. 4．What will be probably discussed in the following part? A．How these pavilions will be recycled in the future. B．Why these buildings are built on an artificial island. C．How the expense of building materials will be cut down. D．What other architects have designed for Osaka Expo 2025. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·福建龙岩市一级校联盟·期中） Angus Neish dared to hope that his fine-looking cattle, raised at Rodmead Farm in Wilt-shire, would win a prize at the Royal Bath and West Show last month. The annual fair, held near Shepton Mallet, in Somerset, is England’s oldest and grandest. As well as a fiercely competitive livestock (家畜) parade, it features Morris dancing, sheep-shearing and a vintage fairground. Its pony-chariot races are second to none. Many contestants performed spiritedly before a large crowd. 100,000 turned out for some of the three-day show. Britons love a fair. No one is sure exactly how many shows there are across the country, but at least 365 days of such rural events happen annually across the country. Roughly one in ten Britons attend them each year. It appears their popularity is rising. In late June, it was the turn of the Royal Highland Show, near Edinburgh, where 217,000 people breaking a record set in 2019 rolled up. It is estimated that the event last year boosted nearby businesses by almost £40m ($51m). Why do people go? Nostalgia (怀旧) is evidently a draw. At Bath and West, as colored flags flapped, visitors formed queues, bought cream teas and listened as a military band played wartime hits. Rural shows also have a purpose. Many fairs were founded to spread the knowledge of new farming technology among rural populations. Some of that mission lives on. A secondary goal is to better educate those who flood in from towns and cities—urban folk make up a decent share of those who pack the grounds. Some consumers also come armed with powerful knowledge of food supply chains as well as sometimes picky personal preferences for organic, local, animal-friendly and environmentally sound products. Laura Williams, of the Royal Welsh Show, notes that visitors are “much more invested in farming and interested in where their food comes from” than in years past. A last purpose, naturally, is for farmers to excel against their rivals (竞争对手) in friendly competition. In this respect, Mr. Neish enjoyed an utterly successful day. In a first for Bath and West, his cattle scooped all four of the top prizes on offer in their categories. Such victories do not bring immediate, large financial rewards, but should boost the reputation of his program. 1．What do we know about the fair last month? A．It was held in the oldest city. B．It was a monthly show. C．It witnessed high attendances. D．It had the fiercest competition. 2．What’s the purpose of the shows? A．To narrow the urban-rural gap. B．To promote wartime hit record. C．To remove competition among farmers. D．To offer an insight into farming. 3．What will Mr. Neish gain from Bath and West? A．An opportunity to advertise. B．An instant and large profit. C．A marketing strategy. D．An academic reputation. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Farm products: sweeping British B．Rural shows: victors’ stage C．Masses of farmers: true winners D．Fun of the fair: gaining popularity Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·福建厦门第一中学·期中） Want to know what is coming soon to a cinema near you? Probably not a 1.5-hour-long movie, as in the old days. On October 20th comes Killers of the Flower Moon. At nearly three and a half hours, its length is nearly double that of the average film last year. Even movie fans struggle to concentrate for that long and some viewers even nod off. Afterwards there is a mad dash for the toilets. When does watching a film become such a slog? The Economist analyzed over 100,000 feature films released internationally since the 1930s, the start of Hollywood’s golden age, using data from IMDb, a movie database. The average length of productions rose by around 24%, from one hour and 21 minutes in the 1930s to one hour and 47 minutes in 2022. For the ten most-popular titles, the average length grew to around two and a half hours in 2022, nearly 50% higher than in the 1930s. One driver of this trend is that studios want to squeeze the most out of their costly intellectual property (知识产权), but they are competing with streaming platforms for eyeballs. The hope is that a spectacular, drawn-out “event” movie will draw audiences away from the small screen and into cinemas. This approach has often paid off: Avengers: Endgame Marvel’s three-hour superhero masterpieces, was the highest-grossing (票房最高的) film in 2019. Last year long movies series made up most of the highest-grossing films in America. Another explanation for longer films has to do with directors’ growing influence. Who would dare tell the likes of Mr. Nolan to cut out his masterpieces? Moreover, streaming platforms, which do not have to worry as much about the length because viewers can pause whenever they like, may attract big names by promising them sufficient fund and creative freedom. Netflix funded and released three-hour The Irishman in 2019, a film that would have benefited from a decisive editor, Irish or otherwise. 1．The underlined part “a slog” in paragraph 1 refers to a(n)___. A．pleasure B．effort C．conflict D．feast 2．What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A．The average length affects the popularity of films. B．Great advances have been made in film industry. C．Hollywood starts a golden age of feature films. D．The average duration of movies has stretched. 3．What sets the trend of longer movies? A．Competition for the target audience. B．Thirst for more classic productions. C．Influence of streaming platforms. D．Preference for decisive editors. 4．What is probably the best title for the passage? A．Movie Enthusiasts B．Movie Marathons C．Movie Production D．Movie Influence Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·福建福州福清市·期中） Octopuses (章鱼) in the wild have often been observed changing their skin color to catch their food or avoid being caught. Now, for the first time, a researcher has shot an attractive video of octopus called Heidi rapidly changing into a quantity of colors while dreaming. The video, part of Octopus: Making Contact, a documentary first shown on PBS on October 2, 2019. was shot by a fish lover David Scheel, who has raised Heidi in a fish tank since she was young. The professor at Alaska Pacific University in Anchorage believes that the octopus — whose skin went from pale gray to ghostly white to deep dark violet, before changing into a greenish-brown camouflage (伪装) pattern — was dreaming of catching her next meal. “She’s asleep; she sees a crab (螃蟹), and her color starts to change a little bit,” Scheel says in the video. “Then she turns all dark. Octopuses will do that when they leave the bottom.” He adds. “This is a camouflage as she’s just caught a crab, and now she’s going to sit there and eat it, and she doesn’t want anyone to notice her. If she’s dreaming, that’s the dream.” Scheel’s theory about Heidi’s pleasant dream originates from the fact that animals with the ability to camouflage have never been observed changing colors so abruptly while sleeping. The hour-long documentary, which tracks Scheel’s developing relationship with the octopus, also shows Heidi’s other skills. She enjoys playing with small toys, watching television — particularly The Big Bang Theory — and solving puzzles. The talented octopus can also escape from small spaces, use tools, and even press a button on a remote control. Like any smart family pet, Heidi recognizes Scheel and his teenage daughter Laura and excitedly rushes to her tank’s side in greeting every time either comes close. 1．What is the octopus doing in the video? A．Hunting. B．Hiding. C．Dining. D．Sleeping. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The relationship between Scheel and Heidi. B．Scheel’s guessing about the dream of Heidi. C．The octopus’ daily activities in a fish tank. D．The research results about octopuses’ dream. 3．What do we know about the documentary? A．It is about an octopus and her host Scheel. B．It is filmed and produced by Laura. C．It records an octopus’ dream content. D．It shows octopuses change colors when hunting. 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．An Octopus Changes Colors While Sleeping B．An Important Discovery Shown on PBS C．A Documentary About an Octopus’ Life Habit D．A Fish Lover Raises an Amazing Octopus Passage 5 （24-25学年高二上·福建福州市华侨中学，金山中学·期中） In a foreign country, a man visited a local restaurant. He didn’t speak their language. He ordered something indecipherable (难以辨认的) off the menu. When the waiter brought him a plate of delicious looking fried noodles, he smiled and made an OK sign at the waiter with his thumb and forefinger linked in a circle. Looking angry, the waiter then picked up the dish and thrown it to his lap. What he did wrong, he wondered. Well, nothing is quite as it seems when it comes to using hand gesture in another country. Gestures have been used to replace words in many countries, and they are often specific to a given culture. Gesture may mean something complimentary in one culture, but is highly offensive in another. The gesture “thumb-up” is commonly misinterpreted. In English, it is popularly known as “thumbs up”, despite the fact that the action is commonly performed with only one hand. English-speaking Caucasians use it to signal “OK”, which is the same meaning as OK ring gesture. The two can in fact be used almost interchangeably. Avoid using this gesture in Northern Greece unless you want to invite a fight. While American, British and Australian would use the thumb-up to signal hitch-hiking to the drivers, this message will not encourage a Greek driver or motorist to stop to give them a ride. There are no right or wrong signals, only cultural differences. Lack of cultural understanding will lead to disharmony among people from different cultures. When we know what to look for, such encounters with other cultures are actually very interesting, fascinating and fun. It is certainly a great topic to discuss over a cup of coffee and cakes. 1．What did the man in the first paragraph do wrong? A．He misunderstood the waiter. B．He didn’t realize cultural differences. C．He ordered something off the menu. D．He made the signal in a rude way. 2．What does the underlined word in the second paragraph mean? A．Full of admiration. B．Full of aggression. C．Full of complexity. D．Full of certainty. 3．What will happen if you make a thumb up toward a man in Northern Greece? A．He will stop to give you a lift. B．He will get annoyed and fight against you. C．He will ask you to give him a lift. D．He will make the same signal toward you. 4．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To explain the meaning of different gestures. B．To tell stories about different cultures. C．To advise us to have an understanding of cultural differences. D．To persuade people from different countries to live in harmony. Passage 6 （24-25学年高二上·福建福州十校·期中） Mandy and Joe have been married for five years and they both love travelling to new countries. But while this shared hobby brings them together, it is also a source of contention.  “I do all the planning and book,” says Mandy. “Don’t get me wrong. I enjoy it, but if Joe paid a bit more attention, he wouldn’t have turned up for a flight to Grenada packed for a winter city break. ‘Jumpers and boots?!’ I cried. ‘You’re supposed to have packed shorts and T-shirts—it’s 30℃ in the Caribbean!’ Then I realized he thought we were going to Granada, in Spain.” How Joe and Mandy each approach their travel plans is just one example of the many ways in which men and women differ. Yet, is what goes on inside our minds and bodies really so different? Furthermore, are we born that way? On this issue, scientists are divided. The majority of scientists believed that patterns of behaviour thought to be more male or female are learnt firstly from our parents, then from our peers(同龄人)and, ultimately, from the societies in which we live. As Simone de Beauvoir famously said, “One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman.” On the other side of the fence sat those who believed that male and female brains are actually wired differently. In one study in which 34 monkeys were required to interact with different types of toys, the males showed a strong preference for toys with wheels rather than soft toys, whereas the females were noticeably drawn to soft toys. These preferences were clearly not the result of parental influence. Whatever the truth behind the differences between men and women, we can safely conclude that although the social impact on how we think and behave is undeniable, there exists a biological contribution. The question that now needs answering is to what extent biology affects the choices we make and the way other people treat us. 1．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Disagreement. B．Satisfaction. C．Inspiration. D．Information. 2．What topic does the text focus on? A．Whether men and women are different. B．Why minds and bodies are so different. C．What causes the sex difference. D．How different males and females are. 3．What does the study about monkeys prove? A．Monkeys have their own preferences. B．Parents indeed have strong impacts. C．Men and women are born different. D．Females and males behave differently. 4．Which statement about sex differences does the author probably agree with? A．Biology contributes to the difference. B．Biology mostly affects our choices. C．Social influence can be ignored. D．Peers have more impact than parents. 主题04 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·福建漳州市龙文第一中学·期中） We can find robots everywhere. Robots build cars, play chess and can clean your house. They may drive your car in the near future. Two robots, named Spirit and Opportunity, were sent to Mars on a mission (任务) to explore the red planet. Robots also help people in natural disasters. They are used in search and rescue operations following an earthquake or a nuclear accident. In most cases, robots are sent to places considered to be unsafe. The problem is that all of those types of situations are extremely unpredictable and unfriendly. And it is very likely that robots in those situations become damaged. When a dog loses a leg, the animal eventually finds the best way to get around on three legs. In a short time, the dog learns to deal with its physical disability. Now, scientists have developed robots that behave in the same way. Jeff Clune, a computer scientist, is developing the latest and advanced technology so that robots will continue operating after the first sign of injury. He wants the machines to have the ability to analyze the cause and change to continue performing until they can be repaired. The researchers have added one more operation to the skill set of robots working under complicated conditions. They programmed a hexapod robot with six legs and a robotic arm. Their findings were reported in the journal Nature. Once the hexapod robots become damaged, they can use their own knowledge of how their body works to find a solution. The hexapod robots are also programmed with childlike curiosity. In other words, they are always asking questions and looking for the answers. The whole process just takes about a minute for the robots to overcome the damage and continue to carry out the task. 1．What do we know about robots? A．They usually work in dangerous places. B．They may do great harm to people. C．Dogs are used to help them work well. D．People can’t live normally without them. 2．According to Jeff Clune, the new technology ____. A．helps robots deal with the damage. B．protects robots from serious harm. C．makes robots have self-repair ability. D．allows robots to realize possible danger. 3．What can we infer about the hexapod robots? A．The idea of them is from Nature. B．They can sense people’s feelings. C．They look like children in appearance. D．They can make changes in a very short time. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．How to Use Robots Properly. B．Robots are Helpful to Humans. C．Damaged Robots Learn to Keep Working. D．The Development of the Hexapod Robot. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·福建永春二中晋江内坑中学等五校·期中） In June, a shareholder (股东) advocacy group called As You Sow pressured Microsoft to consider the way it “restricts consumer access to device repairability.” Other tech companies, like Dell, HP and Motorola, have already begun making their devices more repairable, getting ahead of Right to Repair laws that are very likely on the way. A sure sign is the order signed last year by the president of the USA．It directed the Federal Trade Commission to create Right to Repair rules. In the past, Microsoft has actively lobbied (游说) against Right to Repair bills, but surprisingly, in October, Microsoft agreed to expand its repair choices, supplying access to parts and information needed for repairs. They’ve promised to make parts and service manuals available to the public by the end of 2022. Microsoft even promised to conduct a study evaluating the environmental impact of device repairability. “This is the first time we’ve seen a major company step up and make the promise,” says Kyle Wiens, CEO of repair guide site iFixit. “Amazingly, instead of telling the activist shareholders to go away, Microsoft said we’re gonna do it.” Right to Repair is a global movement that advocates for people’s right to repair their own electronic devices and extend the life of the devices. Advocates believe this is going to help solve the pressing problem of e-waste - used electronics that people no longer want - which is a major source of pollution. Activists advocate for laws that will force makers to increase device repairability. The shareholder advocacy group drove Microsoft to increase device repairability using a tool often employed by climate activists. As shareholders, climate activists often introduce resolutions that other shareholders can vote on (就……表决), thereby forcing companies to make changes. “It’s a smart strategy to use your position as a shareholder to raise these kinds of issues, because it demands a company response,” says Aaron Perzanowski, a law professor. The positive response from companies like Microsoft, Perzanowski says, could be linked to a combination of public pressure, a desire to get ahead of upcoming laws and a growing understanding of the problem of electronic waste. 1．What can we infer about Right to Repair laws in the USA? A．They are ignored by the president. B．They have a very long way to go. C．They may be adopted soon. D．They are rejected by most tech companies. 2．Which of the following surprised Kyle Wiens? A．The negative environmental impact of device repairability. B．Microsoft’s change of attitude to device repairability. C．Some companies’ lobbying against Right to Repair bills. D．The empty promises about repairability made by Microsoft. 3．What is a purpose of the movement of Right to Repair? A．Protecting the environment. B．Lowering production costs. C．Making more profits. D．Improving the quality of devices. 4．What is a smart strategy used by As You Sow according to Perzanowski? A．Lobbying for device repairability. B．Working with climate activists. C．Holding a shareholders’ meeting. D．Presenting a shareholder resolution. Passage 3 （24-25学年高二上·福建三明市永安九中、宁化六中、沙县金沙高级中学、宁化滨江实验中学·期中） If you’re planning to go on a diet, or if you suffer from serious conditions like diabetes (糖尿病), knowing exactly what and how much you’re eating is essential. In this day and age, we have calorie and nutrition calculators even on our smartphones, but they act only as guides, whereas a famous company’s revolutionary new device, CaloRieco, actually analyzes the food on your plate and provides accurate information in just a few seconds. You’ve probably used calorie calculators before, and you know that they only offer general information. For example, a calculator will tell you the average number of calories in a hamburger, but it can’t tell you exactly how many calories are in the hamburger. The same goes for nutrients like protein or fat. And this is what makes the new CaloRieco so special. The spokesman for the company said that its outstanding invention is aimed at dieters and diabetes sufferers, both of whom make up a sizable market. Displayed at a recent tech show, CaloRieco is a high-tech device that uses light reflection technology to determine the nutritional values of almost any food and also provide accurate calorie estimates. All you have to do is put your plate in the box-shaped device and wait between 10 and 20 seconds for it to analyze all the food. Once it’s done analyzing the various ingredients (成分) in your meal, CaloRieco displays the number of calories, as well as the nutritional content on an LED display. According to the company, the device is able to recognize the vast majority of foods, except soups and very dark dishes. CaloRieco can also connect to your smartphone via an app, and send all the data about analyzed foods to your handheld device, so you can access it whenever you need. Unfortunately, you’ll have to wait a bit longer to get your hands on your very own CaloRicco, as the device presented at the show is just a prototype (样机) which needs to be improved. It’s expected to be a hit in the next few years, but the price remains a mystery. 1．What is the advantage of CaloRieco? A．It uses light reflection technology. B．It offers general information of food. C．It is a high-tech device working as a guide. D．It can present the exact calorie of analyzed food. 2．According to the text, CaloRieco ________. A．needs a long time to analyze the food B．can count the calories of all foods on your plate C．can display the food data on the smartphone directly D．may be well received among dieters and diabetes sufferers 3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A．The data. B．The app. C．The smartphone. D．The food. 4．What can we infer about CaloRieco from the last paragraph? A．It’s perfect. B．It’s promising. C．It’s costly. D．It’s portable Passage 4 （24-25学年高二上·福建福州市八县（市）协作校·期中） How social media has changed language Social media has had an immeasurable impact on the world. It has increased interconnectivity and sped up the spread of information, but its biggest impact of all might be the changes it has made to language. Dozens of terms and phrases have originated on social media. “Selfie” was named word of the year by the Oxford English Dictionary in 2013 and ‘Face with Tears of Joy’ emoji in 2015. Many social media slangs like ‘hashtag’, ‘lol’ and ‘emoji’ are included in the dictionary and have become commonplace due to wide usage on social media platforms. Other social media words are new combinations of words. Photobomb, for instance, describes the phenomenon of intruding (闯入；侵入) on somebody’s photograph, which came about due to the success of image-sharing platforms. Social media has done more than invent new words and combine existing ones. It has completely transformed the meaning of a large portion of our language. The word “add”means sending an invite to connect social media accounts. “Likes” are now a numerical measurement of popularity. So far,We have only discussed social media‘s effect on English, but it also has major impacts on cross-language communication.Some social media platforms have a built-in translation function that intends to minimize linguistic barriers between users. This has been described as “surprisingly accurate”. But as translation agency Global Voices points out, social media usage across cultures differs greatly, and no built-in algorithm (算法) can translate this. Another way social media has made progress in breaking down the language barrier is with AI chatbots. Chatbots are gaining popularity on social media for their smart interactions. Some have said chatbots could eventually be used to teach languages. They say the best way of learning a language is to try speaking it, and with social media dominating communication, who’s to say speaking to a chatbot is not just as good? 1．How has social media contributed to the development of language in paragraph 2? A．By introducing new vocabulary. B．By encouraging formal language usage. C．By changing the original meaning of words. D．By improving cross-cultural communication. 2．Which word has changed its meaning due to social media? A．Emoji. B．Selfie. C．Add. D．Photobomb. 3．What does Global Voices say about the translation function of social media platforms? A．It lacks accuracy in practical application. B．It fails to recognize informal language. C．It should further improve the built-in algorithm. D．It does not fully deal with cultural differences in language use. 4．According to the last paragraph, what is some people’s attitude towards chatbots when it comes to language learning? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Indifferent. D．Uncertain. Passage 5 （24-25学年高二上·福建福州市八县（市）协作校·期中） At Nature Fresh Farms in Leamington, Canada, there’s something new among the rows of tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers and strawberries. Using thousands of sensors in every greenhouse, artificial-intelligence technology is helping the farm in aspects such as lighting, irrigation and harvest timing, aiming to increase the yields of its crops and reduce its use of power and water. Farmers use drones(无人机) to survey farms and look for information on weeds, pests and disease. A lot of research into AI and agriculture is done at institutions, but it then needs to be tested in a network of smart farms. One of the farms is Emili’s Innovation Farms. “We really show how they work in a commercial setting and in a sense, act as a risk reducer as we try out these technologies and then share with others (including other farmers) how they actually work as a means to make it easier to adopt and fully use those new technologies,” said Ms. Keena, managing director of Emili. It takes time to find out whether new technology has affected a crop, and this can be a barrier to adoption for farmers. Sometimes it’s within a year, or within a few years. Ms. Keena said, “We can’t ask them to take big risks on integrating new technologies at scale as part of their operations in things that are unproven.” Innovation Farms addresses a piece of one of the barriers of people needing to be able to see these technologies rolled out in a full-scale and commercial way ahead of being able to adopt them themselves. Farmers’ trust levels are also a barrier. Data are important to AI models, but farmers need to be better inspired to share their data in order to make the technology better. But over time, there’s an increase in engagement from farmers. “Farmer engagement is absolutely critical to developing AI tools for agriculture. If they’ve seen it demonstrated essentially in their backyard through a smart farm, well, then we’re that much further ahead toward adoption.” 1．What can be learned about AI from Paragraph 1? A．It shortens production cycle. B．It replaces employees. C．It adds vegetable diversity. D．It changes how farms run. 2．Why is AI technology tested at Emilli’s Innovation Farms? A．To predict its future. B．To confirm its dependability. C．To expand its market. D．To introduce its advantage. 3．What’s the key to removing the barriers? A．Bettering AI models. B．Developing more AI tools. C．Gaining farmers’ recognition. D．Enlarging the farm scales 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．AI: a promoter of farmers’ life B．AI: a driver of agricultural development C．Smart farms: The Key to Solving Water Scarcity D．Smart farms:  Replacing Traditional Farming Passage 6 （24-25学年高二上·福建泉州市安溪一中，养正中学，惠安一中，实验中学·期中） In late 2020, a tweet spread quickly: “Another day of staring at the big screen while scrolling through my little screen so as to reward myself for staring at the medium screen all week.” It seems right on. We are glued to our screens. And it’s not only about watching movies and scrolling through TikTok. As remote work has set in, we’ re relying entirely on digital tools to keep in touch with each other and get our work done. This has led to a worrisome spike in “digital intensity”. A new survey from Microsoft tracked the habits of more than 30,000 users in 31 countries over 2021, and the results are alarming. The good news is that something as simple as a 10-minutc break, if used correctly, can help lessen the effects of digital intensity. “If you give yourself a break, and do something like meditation(冥想), reading, drawing— anything that turns your brain to something more relaxing,” says Dr. Michael Bohan, the director of Microsoft’s Human Factors Engineering Lab, “it will begin to produce alpha waves.” After the break, “you’ll be more engaged and focused,” he adds. “Taking breaks lets you reset, and maintain better brain health across the day.” Finding new ways to connect with our colleagues, and reducing the number of daily meetings, emails and virtual check-ins will do more than “lessen the digital load”. It will also pave the way for a reinvented workplace, which most expect to be a hybrid of old and new. “We need to look at every process,” says Bohan, “and ask: Why are we doing this? Is there a way to do this more effectively? Let’s not repeat what we’ve always done. Let’s figure out how to do it better.” 1．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? A．The popularity of digital products. B．Our deep dependence on digital tools. C．The reasons for the rise of remote work. D．The influence of social software on our life. 2．What does the underlined word “spike” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．A sharp increase. B．An abrupt change. C．A sudden problem. D．An unexpected result 3．What can we infer about the function of alpha waves mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．It can make us sleep better. B．It can cause tension and anxiety. C．It can help improve concentration D．It can improve logical thinking ability. 4．Which can help reduce digital load? A．Holding less everyday video meetings. B．Making a change to the workplace. C．Contacting colleagues through social media apps. D．Using emails to communicate as much as possible. Passage 7 （24-25学年高二上·福建福九联盟（高中）·期中） Robots doing housework is nothing new, with Tesla having put forward its cool Optimus robot and DeepMind revealing its latest achievements in robotics. Recently, a robot called Mobile Aloha caught the attention of many at the beginning of 2024, with short videos of it cooking at someone’s home going viral in January. Developed by a team of researchers at Stanford University in the US, the robot can handle everything for a dish, whether it is chopping vegetables or cracking eggs. It also excels in various household tasks like watering plants, petting cats, cleaning the floor and doing laundry. It even knows to shake the pillow after putting on a pillowcase. An internet user joked under one video that as long as this thing doesn’t try to kill him while he is asleep, he is in real need of it. However, a following video posted by one of the researchers, Tony Zhao, and showing Mobile Aloha’s failures proved that the idea of having a robot servant may just be wishful thinking. In the video, Mobile Aloha randomly broke glasses and plates, knocked into cabinets and even burned a pot. It turns out that Mobile Aloha is not a complete self-learning system that can independently navigate new environments. It relies on demonstrations by human operators in its surroundings, meaning that the robot needs to learn from human behavior before completing each task. Also, according to the team, the robot achieves a 95 percent success rate in wiping red wine spots, 80 percent in pushing chairs, and a mere 40 percent in frying shrimp. In short, it’s far from perfect. The behavioral problems of smart robots have been bothering scientists for decades. Although smart robots do pretty well in things requiring high-level reasoning like math, they perform worse than a one-year-old child when it comes to simple tasks demanding abilities of perception, reflexes and mobility. As the team observed, the interaction between the arm and the base of Mobile Aloha would get quite complex if more flexibility is required in a task. Even a slight difference in the base settings might lead to significant change in the arms’ motions, resulting in failure to complete the task. 1．What do paragraphs 2-3 focus on about Mobile Aloha? A．Its working principles. B．Its developing process. C．Its main functions. D．Its potential risks. 2．What does Tony Zhao’s video suggest according to the text? A．Mobile Aloha needs to be further perfected. B．Smart robots are ready for doing housework. C．It is worthwhile to have robots do housework. D．Many people wish to have smart robots at home. 3．How can Mobile Aloha best complete a new task? A．By operating independently. B．By copying human operators. C．By learning from previous tasks. D．By seeking help from programmers. 4．According to the text, which type of tasks may smart robots be better at? A．Quick reflex. B．Simple mobility. C．Emotional response. D．Precise calculation. Passage 8 （24-25学年高二上·福建永春二中晋江内坑中学等五校·期中） A group of Maldivian fishermen lines up at the back of a boat. As they cast their fishing rods (钓竿) and barbless hooks (无倒钩的鱼钩) into the water, they attract fish by throwing tiny baitfish (钓饵鱼) on the surface. This method is called pole and line fishing. It is believed by some to have originated in the Maldives and has been passed down through generations for centuries. Once they feel a bite, the fishermen swing the pole overhead and the fish crash on the boat. They repeat this technique for hours, catching one fish at a time. “Pole and line fishing is very different from catching fish by nets,” says Hamid Abdallah, a Maldivian fisherman. “We catch fish by pole and line because we want to be able to keep doing it for as long as we can. This is what my family have been doing for generations,” he adds. “This has been our livelihood.” Maldivians catch nearly 100,000 tons of tuna (金枪鱼) per year and the fish is the country’s biggest export. To protect this food source, the Maldives is encouraging people to practice all kinds of eco-friendly fishing. Pole and line fishing helps reduce bycatch — where unwanted species of fish are caught accidentally — which can be a huge problem with other fishing methods. “When you cast a net, it catches everything — regardless of the species or size,” says Abdallah. “Pole and line fishing catches fish one by one.” The global fishing industry is vital for food security but overfishing and bycatch disturb ecosystems. Across the world, more than 7 million metric tons of tuna and tuna-like species are caught annually. According to the WWF, most tuna are in danger of dropping greatly in numbers. Experts say that encouraging pole and line fishing would be better for the environment, but this method isn’t widespread because it’s labor-intensive, requiring manpower, skill and time. However, many Maldivians aim to keep the tradition alive. 1．What does paragraph 1 mainly focus on? A．Explaining Maldivians’ daily life. B．Showing major industries in the Maldives. C．Describing a traditional fishing method. D．Introducing the fishing history. 2．What can be inferred from Hamid Abdallah’s words? A．His family is struggling a lot. B．His family is well-equipped. C．His family is falling behind. D．His family is thinking ahead. 3．What is the problem with catching fish with nets according to the text? A．Small fish species may escape from the nets. B．It has a major impact on the export of tuna. C．Unwanted fish end up in the fishing net. D．Lots of accidents happen in the process of fishing. 4．What does the author say about pole and line fishing? A．It’s highly profitable. B．It’s time-consuming. C．It’s cost-efficient. D．It’s knowledge-intensive. Passage 9 （24-25学年高二上·福建莆田第一中学·期中） Many cities around the world get more rain than their surroundings. “Just like the way you have an urban heat island, you have an urban rainfall effect,” says Dev Niyogi at the University of Texas at Austin. Niyogi and his colleagues looked at satellite data on rainfall between 2001 and 2020 in 1056 cities and nearby rural areas across different climate regions. They found that more than 60 percent of cities were “wet islands”, while some other cities were “dry islands”. For example, Ho Chi Minh City and Sydney were among the wettest anomalies (反常), each with over 100 millimetres more rainfall than their surroundings per year. Seattle and Rio de Janeiro were among the 10 driest. Cities can boost or reduce rainfall in several ways. Heat absorbed by asphalt (沥青黄沙混合物) and buildings can cause updrafts that help rain clouds to form. The “roughness” of buildings can slow weather systems so they rain over urban areas for longer. Air pollution can seed clouds, although it can also reduce rainfall by cooling the air. Paved surfaces with little vegetation can reduce evaporation, leading to less damp in the air. The influence of these factors varies based on the size and location of cities. The team found larger, more populous cities were more likely to be wet islands. Cities in temperate, tropical and coastal regions tended to have the largest anomalies, while those in mountainous areas generally saw smaller differences. They also found the average difference between wet islands and their surroundings almost doubled over the study period, from 37 to 62 millimetres more rainfall per year. Dry anomalies didn’t change. Niyogi says this is because of rapid urbanization combined with warming temperatures due to climate change, which increases the amount of water vapour in the air. Current weather and climate models don’t fully account for the influence of cities on rain. But Niyogi says it may eventually be possible for city planners to consider how their decisions affect rainfall. 1．What is “wet island” in the study? A．Rural areas that flood frequently with rains. B．Climate regions along the tropical and coastal areas. C．Cities flooded because of rains in their surroundings. D．Urban areas that saw more rains than their surroundings. 2．Which of the following is related to rainfall reduction? A．Asphalt and rough buildings. B．Strong updrafts. C．Paved surface with little vegetation. D．Heated air flow. 3．What can be inferred from the research findings? A．Dry anomalies are not easy to change. B．Urban rainfall effects are increasingly serious. C．Mountainous areas do not have rainfall problems. D．Climate change is the main concern in urban rainfall control. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Cities are Becoming Victims of Global Warming B．Development Turns Most Cities into “Wet Islands” C．Country Life Downplays the Harm of Urban Rainfall D．More Rain or Less Rain: It Depends on How Green our Life Is Passage 10 （24-25学年高二上·福建宁德市福宁古五校教学联合体·期中） Weed control is essential for improving crop yields, but it is increasingly difficult. Some weeds are becoming resistant to weed killers, which face stricter regulations and, in some cases, are being banned. On top of that, many consumers want organic produce. Worker shortage means that using a weed puller behind a big farm machine is expensive, time-consuming, and difficult. Weeding is a chore that most farmers would happily hand to robots. But for a robot to do the job properly, it must be able to distinguish a weed from what is being grown. This is becoming easier with advances in computer vision. Some phone apps can now identify a plant from just a photo. Robots equipped with cameras will weed and perform various tasks automatically. Having spotted a weed, several ways exist to try to kill it. The Small Robot Company’s weeding robot, called Dick, uses electricity to kill them. The robot’s wheels work like an electrode (电极) to contact the ground while another electrode is moved to touch the plant. This allows energy to flow through the plant, generating heat that effectively boils the plant’s cells, killing it instantly. The pieces of the plant can then be left to naturally break down into the soil. Dick will work with Tom and Harry, all of them electrically powered. The idea, says Ben Scott-Robinson, is that Tom will routinely scan fields to a level of detail of just a few centimeters. Using its cameras and other sensors, the thin four-wheel-drive machine can map the health of every plant, along with soil conditions. When weeds appear, Dick will be sent to kill them. Harry, the third robot, is under development for tasks such as seeding and applying precise levels of fertilizer to each plant. Tom will go into commercial production in August. Unlike many vegetables, cereals (谷类) are grown more densely in rows, which makes the mechanical hoeing (锄) of weeds tricky. Armed with Tom’s methods, Dick should be able to kill grassy weeds in cereals accurately. 1．What is the challenge in weed control? A．Weeds are growing too fast. B．Robots are not capable of weeding. C．Organic produce dominates the market. D．Weed killers are facing stricter regulations. 2．What can be inferred about the use of robots in farming? A．Robots can be farmers’ good helpers. B．Robots are only able to harvest crops. C．Robots can monitor the crops’ growth. D．Robots are too expensive for most farmers. 3．What is Tom’s role in the Small Robot Company’s robot system? A．It is a mechanical hoe for cereals. B．It scans fields and maps plant health. C．It is under development for future tasks. D．It is responsible for seeding and fertilizing. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The invention of a new type of robot. B．The development of organic farming. C．The challenges and solutions in weed control. D．The increasing resistance of weeds to weed killers. Passage 11 （24-25学年高二上·福建龙岩市一级校联盟·期中） The maker of ChatGPT recently announced its next move into generative artificial intelligence. San Francisco-based OpenAI’s new text-to-video generator, called Sora, is a tool that instantly makes short videos based on written commands, called prompts. Sora is not the first of its kind. Google, Meta and Runway are among the other companies to have developed similar technology. But the high quality of videos displayed by OpenAI—some released after CEO Sam Altman asked social media users to send in ideas for written prompts surprised observers. A photographer from New Hampshire posted one suggestion, or prompt, on social media. The prompt gave details about a kind of food to be cooked, gnocchi (意大利团子), as well as the setting, an old Italian country kitchen. The prompt said, “An instructional cooking session for homemade gnocchi, hosted by a grandmother, a social media influencer, set in a rustic (土气的) Tuscan country kitchen.” Altman answered a short time later with a realistic video that showed what the prompt described. The tool is not yet publicly available. OpenAI has given limited information about how it was built. The company also has not stated what imagery and video sources were used to train Sora. At the same time, the video results led to fears about the possible moral and social effects. The New York Times and some writers have taken legal actions against OpenAI for its use of copyrighted works of writing to train ChatGPT. And OpenAI pays a fee to The Associated Press, the source of this report, to license its text news file. OpenAI said in a blog post that it is communicating with artists, policymakers and others before releasing the new tool to the public. The company added that it is working with “red teamers”, people who try to find problems and give helpful suggestions, to develop Sora. “We are working with red teamers-express in areas like misinformation and hateful content—who will be adversarially (对抗地) testing the model,” the company said. “We’re also building tools to help detect misleading content such as a detection classifier that can tell when a video was generated by Sora.” 1．What makes Sora impressive? A．Its rapid development. B．Its remarkable video quality. C．Its moral and social influence. D．Its written commands and prompts. 2．What’s the writing purpose of paragraph 3? A．To give a definition. B．To make a comparison. C．To introduce a topic. D．To present an example. 3．What can we infer from the text? A．The public has access to the tool easily. B．Some disagreements over Sora have arisen. C．Much information has been given on how Sora was built. D．Open AI have been approved for using copyrighted works. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards Sora? A．Objective. B．Subjective. C．Doubtful. D．Critical. Passage 12 （24-25学年高二上·福建福州市六校联考·期中） I received my architectural training in Italy, earning a traditional degree that didn’t involve working with Computer-Aided Design (CAD). However, my journey with computers began through my passion for music, using sound sampling systems, which catch the “sound reality” of an instrument, and also computer-assisted music composition systems. Little did I know that this exploration would greatly influence my approach to computer science and AI in the years to come. Self-taught in computer science during my architectural studies, I sought opportunities to specialize further. Ultimately, my journey led me to a pioneering laboratory in Marseille, France, known for its groundbreaking work in computer science applied to architecture. Surrounded by a community of innovators, I improved my skills to explore the transformative power of technology in preserving cultural heritage. In 2019, the world watched in horror as Notre Dame de Paris (巴黎圣母院) was consumed in flames. Determined to contribute to the restoration efforts, I took the lead in developing a digital ecosystem for the restoration operation. We developed groundbreaking AI tools generating 3D representations from photographs. By tracking the position and shape of voussoirs (拱石), and digitizing them from photographs, we were able to use the fine geometric information of the voussoirs to reconstruct the arch, thus giving valuable information to the architects about the structure, the exact geometry, and especially about constructive details of the oldest areas of the church from the 13th century. Notably, AI played a pivotal role in the process. As the restoration project progresses, the AI-driven preservation continues to advance. This knowledge will definitely serve as raw material to be used for AI systems, for example, for studies that can be extended to other buildings. Today, the restoration project is in an extremely advanced state. We hope to complete the restoration work before the 2024 Paris Olympics, so that this architectural masterpiece can regain its former glory. 1．What led the author to computer science initially? A．Composing music with CAD． B．Exploring computers for music. C．Studying for a degree in architecture. D．Developing sound sampling systems. 2．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The application of AI in restoration. B．The structure of Notre Dame de Paris. C．The destruction of Notre Dame de Paris. D．The development of AI digital ecosystem. 3．What does the underlined word “pivotal” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Secondary. B．Independent. C．Discouraging. D．Crucial. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the AI-driven preservation? A．Indifferent. B．Skeptical. C．Optimistic. D．Objective. Passage 13 （24-25学年高二上·福建厦门同安实验中学·期中） Kids everywhere love to play. And they know that a ball is a perfect thing to play with. Now scientists report bumblebees (大黄蜂) seem to know the same thing, making bumblebees the first insects known to play. Lots of animals play: But the behavior is best known in mammals (哺乳动物) and birds. For many animals, playing is often seen as a kind of practice for things they’ll have to deal with in later life. But before this, there were no reports of insects playing. Dr. Lars Chittka did an earlier experiment, where he trained bumblebees to roll balls into a goal for food. He noticed some bees were rolling balls even when they weren’t rewarded. He wondered whether they were playing for rewards or not. To test the idea, he with other scientists set up a new experiment. First, they marked 45 young bumblebees, both male and female, between one and 23 days old. Then they set up a clear pathway from the bumblebees’ nest to a feeding area. On either side of the open pathway, small colored wooden balls were placed. On one side of the path, the balls couldn’t move. On the other side, the balls could roll around. For three hours, a day over 14 days, the scientists opened the pathway. The bumblebees never had to leave the pathway to find food, but they left anyway. They weren’t so interested in the side where the balls couldn’t move, but they made lots of visits to the side with the rolling balls. Grabbing the balls with their legs, the bumblebees would beat their wings to pull on the balls, causing them to roll. The 45 marked bumblebees did this 910 times during the experiment. Though some only did it once, others did it a lot. The scientists found the younger bumblebees spent more time rolling balls, and that males seemed more likely to play than females. The scientists say it’s not clear why the bumblebees roll the balls or whether they enjoy it. But the experiment raises important questions about how the insects’ minds work and whether they have feelings. 1．What is the common view about animals’ playing behavior? A．A form of fight. B．A form of training. C．A form of labor. D．A form of performance. 2．Why did Dr. Lars Chittka conduct the new experiment? A．To train bumblebees to play with balls. B．To figure out bumblebees’ feeding style. C．To explore if bumblebees play without a reward. D．To observe how bees interact with different objects: 3．What did the scientists find during the experiment? A．Bumblebees only played with balls when food was involved. B．Female bumblebees were more interested in playing than males. C．Older bumblebees spent more time rolling balls than younger ones. D．Bumblebees preferred balls that could roll to those that couldn’t. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．The purpose of insects playing is to prepare for life. B．Dr. Lars Chittka discovered a new way to train bees. C．Bumblebees are the first insects known to play. D．Playing is common among mammals and birds. Passage 14 （24-25学年高二上·福建泉州市泉州科技中学·期中） For decades, scientists thought of the brain as the most valuable and consequently most closely guarded part of the body. Locked safely behind the blood-brain barrier, it was broadly free of the harm of viruses and the battles started by the immune system (免疫系统). Then, about 20 years ago, some researchers began to wonder: is the brain really so separated from the body? The answer, according to a growing body of evidence, is no. The list of brain conditions that have been associated with changes elsewhere in the body is long and growing. Changes in the makeup of the microorganisms in the digestive system have been linked to disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. There is also a theory that infection during pregnancy could lead to brain diseases in babies. The effect is two-way. There is a lengthening list of symptoms not typically viewed as disorders of the nervous system, but the brain plays a large part in them. For example, the development of a fever is influenced by a population of nerve cells that control body temperature and appetite. Evidence is mounting that cancers use nerves to grow and spread. The interconnection between the brain and body has promising implications for our ability to both understand and treat illnesses. If some brain disorders start outside the brain, then perhaps treatments for them could also reach in from outside. Treatments that take effect through the digestive system, the heart or other organs, would be much easier and less risky than those that must cross the blood-brain barrier. It also works in the opposite direction. Study shows mice have healthier hearts after receiving stimulation to a brain area involved in positive emotion and motivation. Activation of the brain reward centre — called the ventral tegmental area (VTA) — seems to cause immune changes that contribute to it. Working out how this happens could help to destroy cancers, enhance responses to vaccines and even re-evaluate physical diseases that, for centuries, have not been considered as being psychologically driven. 1．What do the researchers focus on about the brain? A．Its protecting system. B．Its exposure to diseases. C．Its controlling function. D．Its connection to the body. 2．How does the author support his idea in paragraph 2? A．By explaining a theory. B．By providing examples. C．By making comparisons. D．By presenting cause and effect. 3．Which best describes treatments that do not cross the blood-brain barrier? A．Cheaper. B．More specific. C．Safer. D．More direct. 4．What does the study suggest in the last paragraph? A．Brain health depends on immune changes. B．Brain stimulation leads to negative emotions. C．The brain can help enhance psychological health. D．The brain may be key to treating physical diseases. Passage 15 （24-25学年高二上·福建莆田市仙游县第二教研片区·期中） Being able to take advantage of truly unlimited data is a smartphone user’s dream, but everyone I’ve talked to about 5G is more excited about the usage unlocked by next - generation wireless devices. From smart home security to self - driving cars, all the Internet - connected equipment in your life will be able to talk to each other at lightning - fast speed with reduced delay. “5G is one of those forerunners, along with artificial intelligence, of this coming data age,” said Steve Koenig, senior director of market research for the Consumer Technology Association. Self-driving vehicles are emblematic in this data age - they show application of data completely. With one single task, driving, you have large amounts of data coming from the vehicle itself, and a variety of sensors are collecting a lot of information to model its environment as it moves. It’s pulling in data from other vehicles about conditions down the road. There’s lots of data behind that task, which is why we need the speed and lower latency (延迟). AR glasses and virtual reality headphones haven’t yet been inside the mainstream, but tech companies are joyfully saying that such equipment will eventually replace our smartphones. With 5G, that could actually happen. This is notable because companies such as Apple are reportedly developing AR glasses to improve-or even replace-smartphones. Ericsson showed at February’s Mobile World Congress in 2019 how smart glasses could become faster and lighter with a 5G connection, because instead of being weighed down with components, the glasses could rely on outside equipment for processing power. But don’t get too excited. There’s still a lot of work to be done in the meantime, including some necessary testing to make sure the radio plays nicely with basic systems and service construction so that 5G isn’t concentrated only in big cities. 1．What does the first paragraph focus on? A．Usage of smart equipment. B．The super speed of 5G. C．Potential of 5G. D．The future of smart equipment. 2．Which word can replace “emblematic” underlined in paragraph 2? A．representative B．productive C．constant D．popular 3．What is tech companies attitude towards the replacement of smartphones? A．Uncertain. B．Disapproving. C．Cautious. D．Optimistic. 4．Why does much work still need to be done according to the last paragraph? A．To make radio play nicely. B．To expand 5G coverage fully. C．To do 5G trials effectively. D．To construct big 5G cities. Passage 16 （24-25学年高二上·福建福州外国语学校·期中） Amazon wants to be able to answer the troublesome question: Did I leave the stove on? The latest home security tool by Ring,a home security company owned by Amazon, is the Always Home Cam, a flying drone that can help homeowners check their apartments whenever they’re not in. The Always Home Cam is a lightweight, self-docking, flying indoor camera that can take a predetermined path set by its user.When used with Ring’s proprietary home alarms systems like the Ring Alarm, the Always Home Cam will take flight and check the house for any potential disturbances. The drone unit can also be controlled remotely and manually. After a flight, the Always Home Cam automatically returns to its station itself for charging. It only records while in flight, too. You can ask it to fly to check the stove while you’re out, or to see if you left the windows open. It’s also great for checking on naughty pets. The drone has obstacle avoidance technology built-in, and hidden propellers(螺旋桨) to mitigate any damage to household furnishing in the event of a collision. Amazon says the drone will automatically take flight if there’s movement in the house to show you what’s going on. The device was one of several that Amazon unveiled Thursday as part of its annual appliance event. Due to the pandemic, this year’s version was held online instead of at Amazon’s Seattle headquarters. The indoor flying camera, called the Ring Always Home Cam, still needs approval from the U.S. Federal Communications Commission, but Amazon said it expects to sell it next year at $250. It will also launch a camera and alarm system for cars next year under its Ring brand. Critics have raised privacy concerns about Ring, which is best known for its doorbell cameras, citing the company’s close relationship with police departments. Amazon said the drone only records when it is in the air, and that it makes a sound when it flies so any people in the house knows its recording. 1．What’s the main idea of the text? A．Amazon’s camera can check whether your stove is on. B．New devices were unveiled on Amazon’ annual appliance event. C．Critics raised privacy concerns about the Always Home Cam. D．The Always Home Cam can ensure your safety. 2．What can the Always Home Cam do? A．It can take a path set by computer. B．It can record when you are out. C．It can get charged by itself. D．It can take flight at any time. 3．What do we know about the Always Home Cam? A．It was unveiled at Amazon's Seattle headquarters. B．It will be sold at $250 next year. C．It can lessen damage to furniture for its obstacle avoidance technology. D．It records in the air,not found by anyone. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards the Always Home Cam? A．favorable B．critical C．doubtful D．objective 主题05 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25学年高二上·福建泉州市泉州科技中学·期中） Have you ever seen the Moon rising over your town or city? It can appear very large when it is low on the horizon. Our moon goes through phases(月相) and it looks a little different every day. When the whole moon is lit up, it is called a full moon. When the Moon is entirely dark, it’s a new moon. When there is only a thin edge of the circle shining, it’s a crescent moon. When a crescent moon is rising, we can occasionally see a unique event. When the Sun, the Earth, and the Moon are lined up just right, some of the sunlight that hits the Earth can be reflected onto the Moon. This causes most part of the Moon to give off a faint glow, while the rest of the Moon is brightly lit by the sunlight. This phenomenon is named the Da Vinci glow. It was Leonardo da Vinci, a great artist, inventor and scientist, who explained it for the first time. Sometimes, it is also called “earthshine.” When Da Vinci wrote about earthshine, he suggested that it might be caused by sunlight reflected from the Earth’s oceans. He was almost completely correct, except for one detail: most of the reflected sunlight comes from the clouds in our atmosphere. The reflected light from the Earth is bright enough to light up the side of the Moon that isn’t receiving direct sunlight. The Da Vinci glow is not easy to see. Conditions need to be just right. Due to the angles of light, the Moon has to be very low on the horizon. The best time to see it will be in the days before and after the new moon. During these days, the lit-up edge of the crescent moon is at its thinnest stage. If you observe the Moon before sunrise or after sunset, it may be possible to witness the reflected light from the Earth. For the best experience, choose a location outdoors where there is not too much artificial light. You can use a telescope, but it’s not necessary since the Moon will look just as impressive when viewed with the bare eye. 1．Which of the following is the Da Vinci glow? A． B． C． D． 2．What is the main cause of the Da Vinci glow? A．Sunlight received by the Moon’s surface. B．Sunlight reflected from the Earth’s clouds. C．Sunlight reflected from the Earth’s oceans. D．Sunlight received by the Moon’s lit-up edge. 3．Why is the Da Vinci glow an unusual phenomenon? A．It requires specific light conditions. B．It lasts too short to be observed. C．It occurs at the crescent moon stage. D．It needs bright light from the Sun. 4．Which of the following matters most to an ideal observation of the phenomenon? A．A suitable place. B．Good eyesight. C．A special instrument. D．Bright moonlight. Passage 2 （24-25学年高二上·福建福州市华侨中学，金山中学等多校联考·期中） Jackdaws (寒鸦) are the smallest member of the crow family. They often live in a crowd. Indeed, when cold weather comes, they gather in the hundreds (and sometimes thousands) every evening so that they can sleep in the same place. If you’ve ever heard jackdaws during their evening gatherings and morning departures, you’ll know they are not quiet birds. Despite being fairly low-volume during the day, they are really loud on either side of their night-time get-togethers. Why might this be? A team of the Cornish Jackdaw Project set out to determine why jackdaws are so noisy before they depart from their sleeping spot. The team’s theory was that the morning calls might be a jackdaw version of  “voting”. The researchers suspected that each individual’s call might count as an “I’m in!”. When a certain amount of “I’m in!”s are called —and so a certain volume of noise is reached -the group might then depart as a unit. To test this idea, the researchers artificially increased the level of calls during the jackdaws’ natural morning calls. Their expectation was that, if jackdaws really are “voting with their voice” to decide when to depart the sleeping site, artificially adding calls would make them leave earlier than they naturally would have don$