高中英语语法详解chapter 16 倒装讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

高中英语语法详解（讲义）chapter 16 倒装 ■一、概说 ■二、语法倒装 ■三、修辞倒装 ■四、倒装的应用 一、概说 英语的语序一般是固定的，通常是“主语＋谓语＋宾语／表语”：这样的语序叫作自然语序。如果把谓语动词的全部或一部分放在主语之前，或把宾语、表语放在主语之前，就叫作倒装语序。 倒装语序分为全部倒装和部分倒装。 谓语动词全部放在主语之前，叫全部倒装。例如： Now came the great moment of the day.（Van Loon）最隆重的时刻到了。 On the threshold stood a girl dressed in rags, with features of faded beauty.门槛上站着一个衣衫褴褛的少女，她从前的妩媚还依稀可见。 There lived an old fisherman in the village.村子里住着个老渔夫。 谓语只有一部分（通常是第一个助动词或情态动词、系动词等）放在主语之前的，叫部分倒装。例如： Never had I even dreamed of such a thing.我做梦也没有想到过这样的事。 On no account should we cut down this price.我们决不可以降低这个价格。 Have you written home？你给家里写了信吗？ Only here can you buy fresh eggs.只有在这里你才能买到鲜蛋。 按其所起的作用，又可分为语法倒装和修辞倒装： 二、语法倒装 用倒装语序来表达某种语法概念，如疑问、感叹、祝愿、让步、条件等，叫语法倒装。 May I come in？（疑问）我可以进来吗？ There is our train coming!（感叹）你瞧，我们的火车来了！ Isn't it a fine day!多么好的天气啊！ There's so much to learn!（R.D.Bach）要学的东西太多了！ Don't you try to frighten me!（祈使）你可别吓唬我！ Look you!注意！ Speak you!你说！ Long live the people!（祝愿）人民万岁！ May your country become prosperous and strong！祝贵国繁荣富强！ May you succeed！祝你成功！ Be that as it may！但愿那样！ Be it ever so humble, there is no place like home.（J.H.Payne）（让步）虽然家简陋，但是没有别的地方比得上它。 No man loves his fetters be they made of gold.（Thomas Heywood）没人喜欢戴上脚镣，即使它是用黄金铸造的。 Had you been there, you would have met him.（条件）要是你当时在那里，你就会遇见他了。 Had she married a doctor, she would have been happier than she is.要是她嫁给一个医生，她会比现在更幸福一些。 Were I in her position, I would do the same.如果我处在她的情况下，我也会这样干的。 Were I you, I should not let him off lightly.我要是你，就不会轻易放过他。 三、修辞倒装 用倒装语序达到某种修辞上的目的，例如为了使句子结构保持平衡，与上句紧密衔接或为了强调、突出句中某一部分，而将这部分放在句首：这叫修辞倒装。 Now comes the day that man can make better use of atomic energy for various purposes.（为了保持句子平衡）人类能够多方面利用原子 能的一天到来了。 Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people were bullied by foreigners.中国人被外国人欺负的日子已经一去不复返了。 Over his shoulder was thrown a rough brown coat, all torn and full of holes.（Oscar Wilde）他肩上披着件粗糙的棕色上衣，破得全是洞。 In the middle of all this sat my mother, now retired, and I.（Suzanne Chazin）现在已经退休的母亲和我就坐在这群人中间。 In the middle of the room was a table.Behind it stood a screen of light blue colour.（衔接上下句）房间的中间有一张桌子，桌子后面有一扇浅蓝色的屏风。 He was single when I first knew him.And single he has remained for these ten years.我第一次见他时，他是单身。10年过去了，他仍是孑然一身。 The world is full of wonders, and some of them we don't discover until we're all grown up.（Carl Sagan）这个世界充满了奇妙的事物，其中有些事物我们完全长大成人后才会发现。 Keener and keener the competition became.（强调表语）竞争变得越来越激烈。 The bud may have a bitter taste, but sweet will be the flower.（Wil Liam Cowper）蓓蕾可能有苦味，花儿却是甜蜜的。 On either side of the road were rows of fruit trees.道路两旁是一排排的果树。 Few are the days when I am not in some physical distress.我不受病痛折磨的日子是很少的。 Such is the case.情况就是如此。 Fine and sunny was the morning.早晨阳光灿烂，天气晴朗。 This we learned in Unit 2.（强调宾语）我们在第2单元学过这个内容。 Mother went home.Many a tear did she shed at night.母亲回家去了，夜里她流了许多眼泪。 One thing I know, that is, I know nothing.（Socrates）我只知道一件事，就是我什么都不知道。 Greater efforts should we make to improve our teaching.我们会作更大的努力改善我们的教学。 That soup, I found it totally disgusting.【有时，宾语前置后，仍在其原来位置保留一个代词】 我发现那碗汤令人作呕。 What we take for granted, they had to work out painstakingly over a great number of years.（强调宾语从句）我们现在认为是当然的事物，他们当时却要艰苦摸索许多年才能认识到。 Chairman of the committee they have elected John.（强调宾语补语）他们选约翰为委员会主席。 Huddled up in a corner of their kitchen they found a pup.他们发现一条小狗瑟缩在厨房的一个角落里。 I knew you were careless, but dishonest I never thought you.我知道你粗心，但我从来不认为你不诚实。 She found playing in the garden a group of children aged from six to ten.她发现一群六到十岁的孩子在花园里玩耍。 It's getting dark.We'd better let fall the curtains.天黑了，我们最好把窗帘放下来。【如let后面的宾语是代词时，则不倒装。例如：I don't let it fly away.我不让它飞走。】 Out rushed a cat from under the table.（强调状语）一只猫从桌子底下冲了出来。 Away went the car like whirlwind.汽车旋风般地开走了。 Behind her hung her photograph, taken in Guangzhou.在她的后面挂着她在广州照的相片。 She opened it carefully and reached in.Out came the silver chain.她 小心地打开信封，伸进手去，出来的是那条银项链。 By return of post came the news that John had won a scholarship.（Norah Lafts）她收到的回信带来了约翰获得奖学金的消息。 四、倒装的应用 在下列的情况下，需要倒装： 1．句子以so（在肯定句中）；nor, neither, no more（在否定句中）开头时，表示前一句叙述的情况也同样适用于后面句子的主语，句中主、谓语一般倒装，并且省去与前句相同的成分。肯定句表示“也……一样”、“也能……”；否定句表示“也不是……这样”、“也不能……”。后一句常以助动词do（does, did）代替实义动词。例如： She studies quite well.So does John.她学习很好，约翰学习也很好。 She felt awkward.So did he.她感到有点尴尬，他也是。 God light. Calendar companies love it.So do religious magazines.这是神光。日历公司喜爱这种光，宗教杂志也喜欢。 I used to like to go down to the harbor and watch the water and ships; turns out, so did he.我通常喜欢到港口去看水，看船，发现他也是。 Good looks certainly help.So does a special indefinable charisma, with the help of the media.（G.Goshgarian）漂亮的长相固然有用，另外，在媒体的帮助下，某种特殊的、难以描述的个人魅力也起了一定的作用。 You are doing researches in chemistry, so are we.你们在做化学研究，我们也在做。 Coal has been found in this region, and so has oil.在这个地区发现了煤，也发现了石油。 He can't do it, nor can I, nor can anybody.他不能做这事，我也不能，任何人都不能。 He didn't sign the contract.Nor did I.他没有签署这个合同，我也没有。 She doesn't care much for sweets.No more do I.她不大喜欢吃糖果，我也不喜欢。 He didn't explain what the letter signified.Neither did she.他没有说明这个字母是什么意思，她也没有。 【注1】 如果句首so不是表示“也是”，而是表示“是的，确实”，即在简短回答中表示同意对方意见时，则不用倒装，用自然语序。例如： “The price was too high.”“So it was!”“价格太高了。”“的确如此！” “We have all studied hard.”“So we have.”“我们大家都努力学习。”“的确是这样。” “He did a good job.”“So he did.”“他干得很出色。”“正是这样。” 【注2】 位于句首的neither…nor连接主语时，句子用自然语序。例如： Neither my brother nor I have traveled by air.我的兄弟和我都没有坐过飞机。 2．英语中一些半否定词如hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, little, seldom, few等置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。并常以助动词do（does, did）代替实意动词，放在主语之前。例如： Hardly had he finished when someone rose to refute his points.他还没说完，就有人起来反驳他的论点。 Hardly could I understand what he said.我几乎听不懂他说的话。 Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out.他一打开门，一阵风就把蜡烛吹灭了。 Scarcely did they speak about the difficulties in their work.他们很少谈到自己工作中的困难。 Rarely does an accident like that happen in our hospital.我们医院极少发生类似的事故。 Barely had he arrived when he had to leave again.他刚到达又得离开。 Little did we think his speech had made so deep an impression on his audience.我们没想到他的演说给听众留下这么深刻的印象。 Very seldom do you find that two clocks or watches exactly agree.你很少发现两个钟表的时间完全一样。 Few words did they exchange.他们几乎没有交谈。 【注】 little, few在句中作主语或修饰主语时，句子用自然语序。例如： Little help can be expected from him.（little修饰主语help）不能指望得到他多少帮助。 Few people know it.（few修饰主语people）几乎没人知道这件事。 3．Not和被否定的词构成短语如not until, not a moment, not a single, not only, not merely, not simply等置于句首，在句中作状语或宾语时，则句子用部分倒装，并常以助动词do（does, did）代替实意动词，放在主语之前。例如： Not a single word have we written down.我们一个字也没写下。 Not a soul did I find in his room.在他房间里我一个人也没找到。 Not a word did he say in her favour.他没给她说过一句好话。 Not a line have I received from him since he left.自从他离开后，我没收到他的片言只语。 Not infrequently has he made mistakes in spelling.他拼写常常出错。 Not a moment did she waste.她没浪费一点时间。 Not until wholesalers are very aware of cost and demand do they want to purchase.直到批发商对成本和需求了如指掌时，他们才肯购买。 Not till then did I realize the danger of the situation.直到那时我才意识到形势的危险。 Not only is he a scientist, but also he is a poet.他不但是个科学家，而且是个诗人。 【注】 当not否定主语，或not only…but（also）连接两个主语时，用自然语序。例如： Not a student came to see me.一个学生也没来看我。 Not only you but also he is right.不但你对，他也对。 但是，如果not only…but（also）连接两个分句主语指同一个人时，主、谓语仍要倒装；只有指不同的人时，主、谓语才不用倒装。例如： Not only is she a singer, but she is (also) a dancer.【指同一个人】 她不但是个歌唱家，也是个舞蹈家。 Not only he is a scientist, but also his parents are scientists.【指不同的人】 不但他是个科学家，他的父母也是科学家。 4．no可与其他词语构成固定短语如by no means（任何手段都不行），in no way（任何方法都不行），in no case（任何情况都不允许），at no time（任何时候都不），in/under no circumstances（任何情况下都不行），on no account（任何原因都不行），no longer（不再），no sooner…than（一……就）等以及含有否定意义的词组，如果置于句首作状语时，句子常用部分倒装。例如： In no way can theory be separated from practice.理论决不能脱离实践。 On no account should we cut down this price.我们决不可以降低这个价格。 At no time shall we forget what he has done for us.我们决不会忘记他为我们所做的一切。 By no means is he such a man as you describe.他绝不是像你所描述的那种人。 Under no circumstances can we create or destroy energy.我们决不能够制造或者毁灭能量。 In no case are you to leave your post.你决不能够离开自己的岗位。 Under no excuses must you quarrel.你们不应该以任何借口吵架。 No longer will I believe him.我再也不相信他了。 No sooner had I reached home than a violent thunderstorm broke out.我刚到家，大雷雨一下子就来了。 No sooner had his head touched the pillow than he fell asleep.他的头一落枕就睡着了。 Nowhere else will you find so many data for the report.别的什么地方你再也找不到这么多报告可以用到的数据。 No defects did we find in these parts.在这些零件内，我们没发现什么缺陷。 Never in my life shall I forget the impression made on me by my first visit.（Paul Lafargue）我将终生不会忘记第一次会见给我留下的印象。 In vain did he spend much time trying to do it.他试图做这工作白白花了许多时间。 In vain did we try to persuade her to give up her plan.我们打算劝她放弃自己的计划，但没有用。 【注】 如果no否定主语，句子用自然语序。例如： No words can describe the scene.没有什么语言可以描述这情况。 5．only修饰作状语的副词、介词短语或状语从句时，如果置于句首，句子用部分倒装。例如： Only then did I know the importance of putting prevention first.只有那时我才明白预防为主的重要性。 Only in this way can you hope to improve the situation there.只有这样你们才有希望改善那里的处境。 Only at this price is it possible to sell out the goods.只有以这种价格才可能售出这些货物。 Only when I visited him did I realize how ill he was.只有当我探望他的时候才知道他病的情况。 6．频度副词或短语位于句首表示强调时，句子用部分倒装。例如： Often have we talked about the wonderful functions of this instrument.我们经常谈起这台仪器的奇妙功能。 Many a time has he extended letters of credit.他有好多次都展证了。 Twice have I seen him this week.本周我已经看见他两次了。 7．用there, here, now, then, thus, such, hence等副词开头的句子，主、谓语一般要倒装。例如： There fell a deep silence.一切寂静无声。 There has to be a way to save our child.（Michael Bowker）一定得想办法救救我们的孩子。 Here is the fax we have just received.这就是我们刚收到的传真。 Here too was the largest factory.这间最大的工厂也在这里。 Now comes your turn.现在该你的了。 Then came wind, hail and frost.接着风灾、冰雹和霜冻都来了。 Then followed three days of heavy snow.接着下了三天大雪。 Thus and thus only will you succeed.这样，也只有这样，你才会成功。 Such is the case.情况就是如此。 Such are some of the fundamental physics of radar.雷达的一些基本物理现象就是这样。 Hence comes the name magnet.磁铁这个名称就是这样而来的。 8．so位于句首修饰形容词或副词时，主、谓语要倒装。例如： So care-free are the aged in this city.这个城市的老年人是那么无忧无虑！ So beautiful is the picture.这幅画是这么美丽。 9．某些拟声词或表示运动方向的副词如away, down, up, off, out, ahead等，为了描写生动，可置于句首。这时，如果主语是名词，主、谓语要倒装。例如： Away went the car like a whirlwind.汽车旋风般地离开了。 In came the doctor.医生走了进来。 Up went the arrow into the air.箭射上了天空。 Following the roar, out rushed a tiger among the bushes.伴随着一声吼叫，从树林里冲出一只老虎。 【注】 如果主语是代词，主、谓语不用倒装： In he rushed.他冲了进来。 10．某些地点或时间状语位于句首时，主、谓语要倒装。例如： In front of the window was a skinny boy around nine years old, his nose pressed against the glass.（George H.Books）橱窗前有一个约莫9岁的瘦小男孩，鼻子紧贴着窗玻璃。 Through the air hurtled a jet-plane.一架喷气式飞机呼啸而过。 After the war came the problem of the rehabilitation of national economy.战争结束后，出现了国民经济的恢复问题。 11．作为谓语一部分的现在分词短语、过去分词短语或不定式短语位于句首时，句子用全部倒装。例如： Standing on the rostrum is the chairman.站在讲坛上的是主席。 Also enclosed inside the box marked with the word "Letter" is a message for you he left with us in 1978.在标明“信件”的盒子里有他于1978年留下的给您的信。 Shot by enemies were two entirely innocent tourists.被敌人击中的是两个完全无辜的旅游者。 To be particularly considered are the following questions.特别值得考虑的是以下这些问题。 12．直接引语中间或后面有引述动词如say, ask, answer, reply, shout, complain, exclaim, scream等，主、谓语通常要倒装。例如： "Where is father now?" asked Tess suddenly.“现在父亲在哪儿？”苔丝突然问道。 "The quality is good," said the seller, "but the price is reasonable."“质量是好的，”卖主说，“价格也是合理的。” 【注】 如果主语是代词，或谓语比主语长，或谓语后面还有宾语、状语，则用自然语序。例如： "Your information," I replied, "is out of date."（主语是代词）“你的信息已经过时了。”我回答。 "I saw you go in there," the man said, looking at me with his little watery eyes.（谓语后面有状语）“我看见你进去了，”那个人说，用他那双水汪汪的小眼睛看着我。 13．谓语动词的前置：当谓语动词是由“情态动词＋动词原形”构成时，为了强调动作，可将动词中心词（有时连同宾语或补语）移到句首，形成倒装。例如： I have my work to do, and do it I will.我有工作要做，而且我也会做的。 Return I dare not.我不敢回来。 Do something I must, or I shall fret.我要做点事什么的，否则我会苦闷。 Write a poem I cannot; let me write an essay instead.我不能写诗，就让我写篇散文吧。 14．在so…that或such…that引导的结果状语从句中，如果把so或such及其修饰的词语置于句首，句子用部分倒装；如果主句谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则用全部倒装。例如： So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.光传播得很快，很难想象它的速度。 So loudly did he speak (that) everybody could hear him.他说得这么大声，大家都能听到。 So dense was the jungle there that we had to rely on our ears rather than our eyes.那里的丛林密匝匝的，我们只好依靠耳朵，而不是依靠眼睛。 Such a noise did Jimmy make that his sister told him to be quiet.吉米吵闹得很厉害，她姐姐要他安静。 15．用be开始的让步状语从句，主、谓语往往倒装。例如： All magnets behave the same, be they large or small.（=All magnets behave the same, whether they be large or small.）所有磁体，不论大小，其性质都一样。 Be a man ever so learned, he must not be proud.一个人不管多么有学问，都不应骄傲。 Be he who he may, he shall be punished.不管他是谁，他必须受到处分。 16．比较状语从句中的倒装：在“more…than”、“the…the”结构中，如果从句和主句中，其主语较长时，主、谓语要倒装；较短时，一般不倒装；主语是代词时不能倒装。例如： The atoms of a gas are much more widely separated than are those of a liquid or a solid.（主语较长，主、谓语倒装）气体的原子间隔，要比液体或固体的原子间隔大得多。 The more goods can be sold out, the better are the prospects of our foreign trade.卖出去的货物越多，外贸的前景越好。 The clearer the air the bluer the sky (is).（主语较短，不用倒装）空气越清洁，天空越蓝。 A swimming pool full of water is deeper than it appears to be.（主语是代词，不用倒装）装满水的游泳池实际上比它看上去要深。 17．方式状语从句的倒装：as或just as引导的方式状语从句可以用倒装形式。例如： He believed, as did all his family, that they would live a better life.像他家里所有人一样，他相信他们会过着较好的生活。 Air occupies space, just as does any other fluid.空气跟其他任何流体一样也占有空间。 【注】 这种从句也可用自然语序。例如： He writes as his teacher does.他像他的老师那样写字。 18．定语从句的倒装：在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，如果谓语是不及物动词或被动语态时，常用倒装形式。例如： You can see the gate at which stands a guard.你可以看见那个大门，门口站着一个卫兵。 The road on both sides of which are planted trees is wide.两旁种着树的那条路很宽。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $