Unit 1 Science and Scientists Vocabulary 词汇讲解构词法课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Science and Scientists 选修二Unit 1 Vocabulary 1 1.What is an effective way to learn different forms of a word？ 构词法 派生法 合成法 转换法（词性的转换） Word Formation Think about it： 派生法 1.定义：在一个词根的前面或者后面加上前缀或后缀，来产生新词。 complete in- -ly incompletely adv.不完整地 2. 本课涉及的常用前缀与后缀 前缀 含义 产生词汇 本课涉及的常用前缀 （1）re- （2）dis- “回，向后”“再次” refresh， recall remind，review “不，无” “取消” disapprove，dishonest disappear， discount ※（3）micro- ※（4）trans- “微，小” microscope ，microwave microworld ，microbiology “转变，变换” transport， transform ， transplant ，translate ※（5）tele- “远距离，远程， 跨越距离” telephone， television telescope， teleconference 多用于改变词义 后缀 词性 产生词汇 本课涉及的常后缀 （1）-ial （2）-ory adj. Substantial, initial, partial, official, financial, artificial adj. contradictory, compulsory （3）-ical （4）-ant/-ent adj. mechanical, theoretical, identical adj. brilliant, distant, patient, absent, different （5）-ed/-ing adj. frustrated, gifted， frustrating, outstanding 多用于改变词性 后缀(suffix) 词性 产生词汇 本课涉及的常用后缀 （6）-ion （7）-ship n. 动作的过程 frustration, transformation, Infection, intervention n. 职位,关系 leadership, friendship, relationship （8）-or/-er （9）-ly n.行为者 astronomer, leader, doctor, conductor adv. severely, substantially, initially 多用于改变词性 合成法 1.定义：由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词。 household, framework, furthermore, rainbow, however, outstand Group Work 用所学构词法完成下列词形转换习题，并用正确的形式填空（详见学案） ________adj.极为恶劣的;严重的(=_________)严肃的，认真的→ _________ adv.严重地;严厉地;严格地 2. ______ adj.懊恼的，沮丧的，失意的→_________ v.挫败，阻挠→ _________n.沮丧，挫败 3. __________ adj.矛盾的;对立的(__);→_________ v.反驳;驳斥;相矛盾;相反→ ____________n.不一致,矛盾,对立 4. ________vt.使感染;传染→ _______ n.感染;传染→ ________ adj.传染性的→ ________adj.带细菌的;感染了病菌的 severe severely serious frustrated frustrate frustration contradictory contradict contradiction infect infection infectious infected to 即学即练： 1) His blood pressure had dropped______ (severe). 他的血压严重地迅速下降 2) It's very easy to get ___________ (frustrate) if you don’t tackle the pain and ___________(frustrate). 3) In those days, doctors had two___________(adj.矛盾的) theories. 4)Cholera was caused by an ___________(infect) from germs in food or water. 5) The___________(prove) that we has is still not enough to ___________(证明，证实) his crime. severely frustrated frustration contradictory infection proof prove 6. __________adj.数量多的;多种多样的→__________v.乘;乘以;成倍/迅速增加;使繁/增殖 7.___________adj.纯的;纯粹的;干净的→_________ adv.仅仅;完全→__________v.使洁净;洗涤(思想);净化;提纯;精炼 8. ___________ adj.最初的;开始的;第一的→___________adv.开始;最初;起初→____________vt.开始,创始;发起→______________ n.倡议;新方案 ★反义词：___________、___________、___________adj.最后的，最终的 9. _____________n.机械师;机械修理工;力学;机械学→ __________ adj.机械的;发动机的;机器的 10. __________vt.保卫;防守;辩解→__________ n.防御;保卫;防御物→__________ adj.防御的;保护的;怀有戒心的 11. __________n.助手→_____________v.帮/协助→ __________ n.帮助;支持 multiple multiply pure purely purify initial initially initiate initiative ultimate eventual final mechanic mechanical defend defenc(s)e defensive assistant assist assistance 即学即练： 1) ________(Initial), the strategy was made to________ (保卫) our policy against the intervention of other countries. 2)The scientist adopt ________(多种多样的) ways to get ________(purify) materials. 3) _____________(最终，最后)，some _____________(机械师) decided to offer technical _____________(assist) to the company. Initially defend multiple pure Ultimately mechanics assistance 12. __________n.天文学家→_________n.天文学 13.__________n.影子v.遮蔽 ★形近词.浅的;肤浅的 ____________ 14. _________v.订阅;签署;订/认购;赞成;捐助→__________ n. ___________订阅;同意;捐款（短语） ★形近词：___________v.描述---___________n.描述 15. __________v.使改观，改变→______________n.改变 16. _______ n.使命,任务 ____________ n.导弹 17.__________adj.具体的(= _____________ );有形的n.混凝土 ★反义词：______________adj.抽象的;深奥的n.摘要;抽象vt.提取;摘要 18. ______________adj.稳定的;稳固的→_______________ adv.逐渐地，稳步地，稳定地 astronomer astronomy shadow shallow subscribe subscription subscribe to describe description transform transformation mission missile concrete specific abstract steady steadily 即学即练： 1) The scientists__________(赞同) the _____________ (describe) about their research. 2) Our teachers were good at __________(transform) the abstract information into __________(具体的) examples. 3) The __________(任务) which hasn’t been finished yet is being solved __________(steady). subscribe to description transforming concrete mission steadily 19. 多亏,幸亏…_________ 因为…_________ = _________ = ________= ____________ = ____________ 20. _______ n./v.减少/小(=______ =_______ = ______ ) ★反义词： __________ v./n.增加 21. ________n.故障,弱点,过错→________ adj.有错误的→________ adj.完美的,无缺点的 22. ________n.嫌疑犯vt.怀疑 _________ adj.猜疑的 23.________ adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的---________ adv.生动地 24.___________ adj.优秀的；杰出的;明显的---________________ adv.非常；极其；极好地 ---________v. 突出 ；超过 ___________ n. 领导；领导地位；领导才能---________ v. 领导---________n. 领导者--- ________ adj. 领先的 26.________ n. 思想；思维；见解---_____________ v.思考---_____________ n.思想 27.________ n.发现；调查结果----________v.发现(_____________、_____________) 28.________ vt 处理；搬运；操纵； n. 把手；拉手；柄---_____________ n. 处理者；管理者---_____________adj 操作的 thanks to owing to because of due to as a result of on account of decrease reduce lessen decline increase fault faulty faultless suspect suspicious vivid vividly outstanding outstandingly outstand lead leadership leader leading thinking think thought finding find found handle found handler handling 即学即练： 1) Even if emissions(排放) were to begin to ________(减少) today, we would still face the challenge of climate change. 2) ______________多亏,幸亏 the help of specialists, we are able to_________(处理) the crisis. 3)I _________(怀疑) him of stealing money from his mother’s bag yesterday. 4)The painting _____________(vivid) showed the beauty of the animals and the________(think) of living in harmony with the nature. 5) Aimed at saving people _________the Covid-19, researchers were devoted to _________ (find) the effective treatment. 6) These achievements are a further proof of his _________(杰出的) ability. decrease Thanks to handle suspected vividly thought from finding outstanding 链接高考 语法填空中的词型转换 1. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62 (population) and homes of giant pandas, and 63 (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 2022全国Ⅰ卷 2. Provide 68 (finance) aid and other benefits for local people. 2021全国乙卷 3. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 63 (sharp) . 4. Historical ___64___ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. 2020新高考全国卷 5. Landing on the moon’s far side is 62 (extreme) challenging. 2020全国I卷 6.Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 2020全国II卷 populations eventually financial sharply accuracy extremely celebration Thank You ! 17 $