高中英语语法详解 chapter 8 宾语从句 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

高中英语语法详解（讲义）chapter 8 宾语从句 ■一、从句是陈述句时 ■二、从句是一般疑问句时 ■三、从句是特殊疑问句时 在句中作及物动词、介词和各种非谓语形式的宾语，其作用和位置与陈述句中的宾语相同。用从属连词that, whether, if，连接代词和连接副词引导。 一、从句是陈述句时 用that引导：that在从句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式文体中常可省略。例如： The above experiment shows that bacteria are found almost everywhere around us.上述的实验表明，我们的周围几乎每一个地方都能找到细菌。 I said that that "that" (that) that man wrote in the sentence was wrong.我说那个人在句中写的那个“that”是错的。 I ought to have known that love was not for poor me.我本来就应该知道，爱情并不属于我这样可怜的人。 I never thought that you went about giving money away in that careless manner.（Oscar Wilde）我从没想到你会这么随便给人家钱。 I knew that now the moon was following him too.（Mary E.Patter）我意识到现在月儿正在伴他同行。 They concluded that the goods were up to the standard for export.他们断定货物是符合出口标准的。 在动词know, say, tell, think, hope, wish, hear, believe, expect等后面接从属连词that引导的宾语从句中，如果句子简短，that省略时不会产生歧义则可省略。例如： I hope you will get over your infatuation for me.（Theodore Dreiser）我希望你不要再迷恋我。 He told me he had parked his car at the station, and that he had lost his car keys.【第一个宾语从句省略that，第二个宾语从句that不可省略，以免造成理解错误。】 他告诉我他把汽车停放在车站，并把 汽车钥匙丢了。 在decide, desire, require, request, ask, demand, order, suggest, advise, recommend, propose, insist等表示“决定”、“要求”、“命令”、“建议”等意义的动词之后，that引导的从句常用should或用be型的虚拟式（在比较正式的文件中）。例如： They demanded that the foreign diplomat (should) leave the country within 24 hours.他们要求这个外交官在24小时内离开该国。 I advise that steps should be taken at once.我建议立即采取措施。 We propose (that) partial shipment should be allowed.我建议允许分批装船。 The Congress has decided that the present law (should) continue to operate.大会决定了当前法律继续有效。 We request that you (should) have the covering L/C amended according to the terms of the contract.我们要求你们按合同条款修改有关信用证。 当主句谓语动词为think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, assume, guess, fancy等表示“认为”、“猜测”的动词时，其后that从句如是否定的意思，则在从句中不用否定形式，而在主句的谓语部分用否定，即将not移到主句。这种现象叫否定转移。例如： He doesn't expect we need worry.他认为我们不用焦虑。 I don't believe that they can accomplish the work in such a short time.我认为他们在这么短的时间不能完成这工作。 I don't suppose that I shall be back until eight.我想我到八点钟不会回来。 I don't doubt that they can perform an operation upon the patient.我怀疑他们不能给这个病人动手术。 I don't think they are the skidmarks of UFOs.（English Digest）我 认为它们并不是不明飞行物降落时留下的划痕。但是： 1．有时，从句中也可用否定结构，只是含义有差别。试比较： I don't think it will rain.【表示“推测”，语气不太肯定】 我觉得不会下雨。 I think it will not rain.【表示“相信，有把握”，语气较肯定】 我相信不会下雨。 2．并非所有表示“相信”、“推测”的动词都能用于否定转移的结构。试比较： I am not afraid that he will come next week.我不怕他下星期来。 I am afraid that he will not come next week.（我）恐怕他下星期不会来。 She doesn't fear that she may offend the boss.她不怕得罪老板。 I fear Parliament won't pass the bill.恐怕议会不会通过这项议案。 3．如果think等动词用过去式或句中有no, never, nothing, nobody等表示否定意义的词时，通常不用否定转移。例如： We thought she didn't want to work in that company.我们认为她不想在那家公司工作。 组成复合宾语的宾语从句，句型为：“主语＋及物动词+it（形式宾语）＋宾语补语+that从句”。 The experiment makes it evident that air has pressure.实验表明空气有压力。 We consider it necessary that measures be taken to improve the work of teaching.我们认为必须采取措施改进教学工作。 I should have it clear that my friend was black.我本来应说明白我的朋友是个黑人。 We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled.会议取消了，我们都觉得很遗憾。 当句子的谓语是“不及物动词＋介词”构成的短语动词时，也 可用it作形式宾语，后接that从句。例如： You may depend upon it that every member of the Committee will support your proposal.你可以信赖委员会的每个成员会支持你的建议的。 We will answer for it that the product is of extra superior quality.我们保证产品质量是最好的。 I took his word for it that he would try his best to help us.我相信他的话，他说他要想尽一切方法帮助我们。 I'm counting on it that you will come.我正在盼望你回来。 在动词have, take, owe, put, love, resent, hide等后用it作宾语的固定搭配，然后接that从句。例如： She will have it that you are wrong.她会硬说你错了。 I owe it to you that I am still alive.我现在还活着，这多亏你。 We take it that you will act according to the final agreement.我们认为贵方会按照最后协议办事的。 Scuttlebutt had it we'd be pulling out before the New Year for the South Pacific.（George H.Brooks）传闻我们在新年前要开赴南太平洋。 有时it可以省略。例如： We must bear (it) in mind that we are servants of the people.我们要记住我们是人民的公仆。 that从句作介词的宾语是很少见的，只有在in, except, but, besides, save, beyond, not withstanding后面偶尔用到。例如： There's no sort of conviction about anything, except that it's all a muddle and a hole.（D.H.Lawrence）他们除了确信一切都是漆黑一团外，对什么事情也不相信了。 He would have helped us but that he was short of money at the time.要不是他那时没钱，他就会帮我们了。 Little is known of his childhood save that he began to work at a factory at the early age of ten.关于他童年的情况知之甚少，只知道他早在十岁时就在一间工厂干活。 He differed from other people in that he always looked farther ahead in his work.他跟其他人不同在于他在工作中总是看得远些。 Besides that he explained the theory, he gave us several examples.他除了讲解理论外，还给我们举了几个例子。 This new radio is very well made except that its case is not so beautiful.这部新收音机除了它的外壳不怎么美观外，制造得很好。 二、从句是一般疑问句时 用whether, if引导，whether, if不能省略，可以互换。从句中用陈述句语序。例如： She asked whether you were a dentist.她问你是不是牙科医生。 He was anxious to see if/whether she had relapsed since the previous evening.他急于想去看看，前天晚上以来她的病是否复发了。 Go and see if they are still in the laboratory.你去看看他们是否仍在实验室里。 We doubt if/whether he is telling the true.我们怀疑他是否在讲真话。 Francesca sank but recovered enough to ask the secretary if she had dialed the correct number.弗郎西丝卡的心沉了下来，但还能恢复过来问那女秘书是否她拨的电话号码错了。 I wonder whether the country life will agree with her.我不知道乡村生活是否会适合他。 【注1】 用whether，正反面的选择较强，可与or或or not连用；用if，则比较强调单方面，或从句是否定式时也用if，不能和or not连用。例如： He asked me whether he should come (or not).他问我他是否会来。 I don't know whether I should go away or stay here.我不知道我该走还是留在这里。 He asked me if he could come.他问我他是否能来。 【注2】 在谓语是doubt的肯定句后接if或whether引导的从句如果是否定句或疑问句，则后接that引导的从句。例如： We don't doubt that he can do a good job of it.我们并不怀疑他能把这事做得很好。 Does any one doubt that it is so?它原来是这样，有谁怀疑吗？ 三、从句是特殊疑问句时 用原有的疑问词作连词引导，该疑问词不能省略。从句用陈述句语序。例如： Goals determine what you're going to be.（Julius Erving）奋斗目标决定你将会成为什么样的人。 We must be good at learning what we do not know.我们必须善于学习我们原来不知道的东西。 Almost everyone knows who invented the compass.几乎大家都知道谁发明了指南针。 I don't know whom they've invited to our English party.我不知道他们邀请了谁参加我们的英语晚会。 Can you tell me which is better?你能告诉我哪一个好些吗？ Above all, scientists demand to know when and where they are wrong.首先，科学家们要求知道他们在什么时候、什么地方错了。 I could not resist showing him where it was ripped.我忍不住把那破了的地方指给他看。 The attending doctor asked whose condition was rather serious.主治医生问谁的情况相当严重。 We wonder why he was absent.我们不知道他为什么缺席。 I half rose, and advanced my head to see how she was occupied.我欠身探首去看她是怎么个忙法。 Think how it hurts my heart never to see you.请您想想，永远见不到您，这会多么刺痛我的心。 whatever, whoever, whichever, wherever是what, who, which, where的强调形式。例如： I'm ready to do whatever you want me to do.无论你想我做什么，我就做什么。 If someone gets sick or hurt, the neighbors pitch in and pick corn or harvest outs or do whatever needs to be done.如果有人病了，受伤了，邻居就会进来帮着拣玉米，收割燕麦，或是做任何需要做的工作。 Take whichever comes first.哪个先出来就拿哪个。 With the development of modern electrical engineering, we can transmit power to wherever it is needed.随着现代电子工程的发展，我们能够把电力输送到所需的地方去。 由疑问词引导的从句可直接作介词的宾语。例如： Over the years, she had thought about what he'd said.多少年来，她想过他说过的这些话。 The sensible man is not influenced by what other people think.（Buddha）明达的人不为别人的想法所左右。 For the rest of my life I want to reflect on what light is.（A. Einstein）在我的余生中，我希望能解释光是什么。 Do what you can, with what you have, where you are.（Roosevelt）立足脚下，凭你所有，尽力而为。 I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.（Voltaire）我反对你说的话，但是我会捍卫你说话的权利。 I'm not ashamed to confess that I'm ignorant of what I don't know.（M.T.Cicero）我不愧于承认我不懂的东西。 The true value of life is not in what we get, but in what we give.（Edison）人生的真正价值不在于我们得到什么，而在于我们奉献什么。 It is necessary to decide on which type of fuel is most suitable.必须决定什么类型的燃料最适宜。 He always succeeds in whatever he tries.他总是干什么都成功。 Tell it to whoever would listen.谁愿意听，你就告诉谁吧。 You can give the tickets to whomever you meet.无论你遇见谁，都可以把票给他。 某些短语后接wh-从句，介词常可省略，因此wh-从句可位于某些名词之后。这些短语常见的有have no idea of, have some notion of等。例如： You can have no idea (of) how anxious we have been.你不知道我们多么着急。 I have no notion (of) what he means.我不懂他是什么意思。 I can't make up my mind (about) who should be praised first.我拿不定主意该表扬谁。 关系词可引导作间接宾语从句。例如： We will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡是需要帮助的人，我们都会给予热情的支持。 We wrote whoever had helped us a letter of thanks.凡是帮助过我们的，我们都写了感谢信。 Give it whomever you like.你喜欢把它给谁，就给谁吧。 在“be＋某些形容词（作表语）＋介词后接that从句或wh-从句”的句型中，介词要省去。这种从句在概念上接近宾语，而在结构上却接近状语。这类形容词往往表示情感或心理活动。例如： I am afraid that it will rain tonight.恐怕今晚要下雨。 I am certain that they have solved the knotty problem.我肯定他们已经解决了这个难题。 We are confident that we will be able to fulfil our task ahead of schedule.我们有信心能够提前完成任务。 We are sure (that) we will win the match.我们确信我们会赢这场比赛。 I am not sure whose daughter she is.我不敢肯定她是谁的女儿。 Newton was convinced that all masses attract each other.牛顿坚信一切物质都互相吸引。 I was not aware (of) how deeply he had felt the death of his mother.我不知道他对他母亲的去世感到多么难过。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $