内容正文:
高中英语语法详解(讲义)chapter 6 句子的成分和分类
■一、句子的成分
■二、句子的种类
一、句子的成分
一个句子由各个作用不同的部分所组成,这些部分叫句子的成分。主语和谓语是主要成分,其他成分如宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和独立成分起修饰或补充作用,叫次要成分。
(一)主语
表示句子所要叙述的人或事物,它是句子叙述的主体。主语一般放在句首,通常不省略。可用作主语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、短语或从句等。例如:
Rome is not built in a day.(John Heywood)罗马不是一天建成的。
One should eat to live, not live to eat.(Benjamin Franklin)人为生而食,非为食而生。
To live is to function.(W.Holmes)人活着就是要让自己有用。
A Man without a wife is half a Man.(Benjamin Franklin)一个没有妻子的男人只是半个男人。
What is beautiful is not always good.美的东西并不总是好的。
(二)谓语
表示主语的动作或状态,即说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“处于什么状态”。谓语通常放在主语之后。分为:
1.简单谓语——由一个动词或短语动词表示,具有不同的时态、语态或语气。例如:
Roaring waves climb the distant rock.咆哮的浪涛拍打着远方的岩石。
Make yourself necessary to someone.(R.W.Emerson)使自己成为别人需要的人。
Don't waste your time on it.别为这件事浪费时间。
Turning to him gaily, she attempted a small jest.她愉快地向他转过身去,说了句开玩笑的话。
Look not mournfully into the past.(Longfellow)不要悲哀地回忆过去。
I invested in a new shirt.我买了一件新衬衫。
2.复合谓语——又分为:
(1)名词性复合谓语。
由“系动词(be, become, feel, appear, seem, get, grow, keep, remain, prove等)+表语”构成。例如:
Marriage is a noose.(Cervantes)婚姻是一个圈套。
This medicine proved quite effective.这种药证明相当有效。
He looked very agitated.他看起来焦急不安。
She appeared quite touched at the words.她听了这些话好像很感动。
(2)动词性复合谓语。
“情态动词+动词原形”:
Men and women can vote at 18.十八岁男女都有选举权。
You may call him a scholar, but you cannot call him a genius.你可以说他是学者,但不能说他是天才。
You must keep your word.你必须遵守诺言。
They should be kept informed of what we are doing here.应当让他们经常知道我们在这里正在做的事。
(三)表语
和系动词一起构成谓语,是名词性复合谓语的一部分。表示主语的身份、特征或状态,位于系动词之后。可用作表语的有名词、形容词、代词、数词、副词、分词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、从句等。例如:
Life is a one-way street.(Anonymous)人生是一条单行道。
It is a paying proposition.这是一笔赚钱的生意。
Selfishness is the cause of sorrow.(Buddha)自私是愁苦的原因。
Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.(Thomas Edison)天才是百分之一的灵感和百分之九十九的汗水。
(四)宾语
分为直接宾语和间接宾语。
1.直接宾语——表示动作的对象、行为的承受者,位于动词之后。及物动词后面需要直接宾语,一些相当于及物动词的短语动词(Phrasal Verb)也需要直接宾语。可用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等。例如:
He retailed the cloth at 2 yuan per metre.他以两元一米的价格零售布料。
He raised his mournful eyes towards the deep blue sky.(John Ruskin)他抬起哀伤的眼睛,仰望深蓝色的天空。
They had a famous fried-egg feast that night, and another on Friday morning.当天晚上他们吃了一顿好极了的煎蛋,星期五早晨又吃了一顿。
I want to cross out the unnecessary words.我想删掉不必要的词。
I hate having new books forced upon me…(L.P.Smith)我不喜欢别人把新书强加于我……
I forgot what I told him.我忘记了我告诉过他的话。
2.间接宾语——有些及物动词需要两个宾语:直接宾语和间接宾语。间接宾语表示及物动词的动作所指向或所为的人,通常位于直接宾语之前。有时也可位于直接宾语之后,若间接宾语是预定承受者,用for引出;若是实际承受者,则用to引出。例如:
My mother made me a new shirt.(My mother made a new shirt for me.)我的母亲给我做了一件新衬衣。
The doctor gave him a medical handbook.(The doctor gave a medical handbook to him.)医生给了他一本医学手册。
Give whoever finishes last a consolation prize.(Give a consolation prize to whoever finishes last.)给最后完成的人以安慰奖。
I asked him to send the answer to me by special messenger.我要求他的回信由特别信使给我送来。
In order to promote business between us, we are airmailing you samples for your inspection.为了促进我们双方之间业务往来,今航邮寄上样品,供你方参考。
同源宾语——某些不及物动词如live, die, fight, blow, smile, laugh, dream, sleep, sing, shout, breath, pray, sigh, titter, strike, run等后可跟一个带定语的同根名词作宾语,以加强动作的意义。这种宾语叫同源宾语。例如:
The old man died a dreadful death.这个老人死得很悲惨。
She dreamed a beautiful dream last night.她昨晚做了一个美梦。
They fought a good fight.他们打了漂亮的一仗。
Five more minutes and Hitler would die a horrible death.(Van Loon)再过五分钟,希特勒就不得好死了。
(五)定语
修饰名词或代词,说明人或事物的状态、性质、数量。有前置定语和后置定语:一个单词作定语时放在它所修饰的名词之前,叫前置定语;短语或从句作定语时放在它所修饰的名词之后,叫后置定语。可作定语的有形容词、代词、数词、名词、副词、分词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)和从句等。例如:
Her face was full of real life, real warmth.(前置)她的脸充满真 正的活力,真正的热情。
Huge waves surged over the rocks.巨浪拍击岩石。
The lamps on the wall were lighted.(后置)壁灯都亮了。
It must have been a walk of an hour and a half.(I.B.Singer)这段路恐怕要走一个半小时。
The woman had a son who was rich.这个女人有个富有的儿子。
一个单词作定语时,在下列情况要后置:
1.单个分词,尤其是过去分词,如强调动作时。例如:
The results obtained must be checked.获得的结果必须加以核实。
She herself took all the letters written to the post.她亲自把所有写好的信件付邮。
He has no parents living.他父母双亡。
2.-able, -ible结尾的形容词和every, only, all或最高级形容词连用时。例如:
They had all the difficulties imaginable.他们遇到了一切可以想象得到的困难。
We must accomplish the task in the shortest time possible.我们必须在可能短的时间内完成任务。
The only material available here is copper.这里唯一可用的原料是铜。
3.修饰的若是由some, no, any, every派生的复合不定代词时。例如:
Tell me if there is anything wrong.有什么毛病,请告诉我。
There is something funny about it.这件事有点可笑。
When I came upstairs, I saw someone strange.我上楼时看见了一个陌生人。
4.只用作表语的以a-开头的形容词作定语时。例如:
He is the greatest dramatist alive.他是当代最伟大的戏剧家。
The biggest ships afloat now are oil tanks.现在水上航行的最大船舶是油轮。
I caught sight of a small boat adrift down the river.我看见一只小船顺着河流漂下。
5.在某些由外来(主要来自法语)形容词构成的复合名词或固定短语中,形容词要后置。例如:
all the people present所有在场的人
the sum total总数
letter patent专利证书
proof positive确凿的证据
court martial军事法庭
attorney general首席检察官
the president elect当选的总统
secretary general秘书长
the Poet Laureate桂冠诗人
the Theatre Loyal皇家剧院
the heir apparent法定继承人
notary public公证人
first person singular第一人称单数
(六)状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子,说明时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、让步、方式、伴随情况等。可作状语的有副词(短语)、介词(短语)、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)和从句等。例如:
They all rushed over, eager to help.他们都跑了过来,急于要帮助。
With shame and grief he dared no longer look towards that heaven where his father lived.(John Ruskin)由于羞愧和忧伤,他再也不敢正视他父亲所在的天堂。
His darkened eyes were full of tears, and with a despairing effort, he burst out a cry.他的暗淡无光的两眼噙着泪水,他绝望地呼喊。
I'm very pleased to have made your acquaintance.我认识了你很高兴。
I hope you'll drop in again whenever you're free.我希望你有空就 过来坐坐。
状语是句子的附加成分,也就是说它并不一定是句型结构中不可缺少的成分,因此,在大多数句型中,状语的省略并不影响句子结构的完整。例如:
He burst out a cry (with a despairing effort).他(绝望地)喊了一声。
句中可以连用几个状语。例如:
They played very well in the football match last week.上个星期他们足球比赛踢得很好。【三个状语连用:very well, in the football match和last week】
而主要成分(主语和谓语)在句中只能并列,不能连用。例如:
Shame and panic sweep through me.(Susan Hadler)一种羞愧和慌乱的感觉传遍了我的全身。【并列主语shame和panic用连词and连接】
I sit at the kitchen table and open the large brown envelope.我坐在厨房的餐桌旁,打开那个棕色的大信封。【并列谓语sit和open用连词and连接】
She did not move or speak for a long time after he had gone.他走了之后,她很长时间不动,也不说话。【并列谓语move和speak用连词or连接】
(七)补语
补充说明句中主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。分为:
1.宾语补语——英语中有一些及物动词后接宾语,意义仍不完整,需要一个补充说明宾语的成分,说明宾语的动作、状态、特征、性质或身份,句子的意义才能表达完整:这个成分叫宾语补语。
这类常用的及物动词有:make, cause, see, find, consider, call, get, have, let, start(引起,使开始)等。
“宾语+宾语补语”称为复合宾语,宾语补语是复合宾语中的逻辑谓语。可作宾语补语的有名词(短语)、形容词(短语)、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、动名词(短语)和从句等。例如:
They appointed professor Henry head of Medical Department.他们任命亨利教授为医学系主任。
Locusts ate the country bare.蝗虫把农村的作物吃光了。
He saw the light flowing away in the darkness.(John Ruskin)他看见灯光消失在黑暗中。
My wife took her to a shop and left her waiting outside in the cab.我的妻子把她带到一家商店,让她在外面的马车里等候。
That night around eleven the bailiff had Werther buried at the place he himself had chosen.夜间十一点钟左右,法官将维特葬于他自己选定的地点。
A neighbor found her slumped over the kitchen table.一个邻居发现她趴倒在厨房桌上。
We think her suggestion of great value.我们认为她的建议有很大价值。
It was Lincoln that made America what it was then.正是林肯使美国成为当时的那个样子。
He didn't want the driver to hear their words.他不想让车夫听见他们的谈话。
在使役动词have, let, make和表示感觉的动词feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, observe, overhear, notice等后,用作宾语补语的不定式不带to。例如:
His painful experiences made him look twenty years older.他的痛苦经历使他显得衰老了二十岁。
在动词help, find后,用作宾语补语的不定式可以带to,也可 以不带to。例如:
He had lowered his window to help him (to) get through the bad visibility as he turned.为了看得清楚一些,他拐弯时放下窗。
You will never find him (to) neglect his work.你决不会看到他马虎地工作。
但是be的完成时不定式用在动词find, think, consider, believe后作宾语补语时,to不能省略。例如:
We found him to have been a doctor.我们发现他当过医生。
2.主语补语——在含有宾语补语的句子中,谓语动词改为被动语态,则句中的宾语变为主语,原来的宾语补语便变为说明主语的主语补语。可用作主语补语的有名词(短语)、形容词(短语)、副词、介词(短语)、分词(短语)、不定式(短语)和从句等。句型结构是:“主语+谓语(用被动语态)+主语补语”。例如:
Professor Henry was appointed head of Medical Department.亨利教授被任命为医学系主任。
The test is considered very important to us.人们认为这项试验对我们很重要。
A laboratory must be kept in good order.实验室必须保持整齐。
The result was not made known to us at all.这个结果根本没有让我们知道。
在主动句中,用作宾语补语的不定式如果被省略,那么在被动句中,该不定式变为主语补语时,to要恢复。例如:
Mary was seen to learn German.有人看见玛莉学习德语。
(比较:They saw Mary learn German.他们看见玛莉学习德语。【宾语补语】 )
在动词let后面,不定式可以带to,也可以不带to。例如:
The grass was let (to) grow.任草随意生长。
用于主动句中,结构是:“主语+谓语(用主动语态)+主语 补语”。例如:
She died young.她死时很年轻。
He came home out of humour.他回到家时没精打采的。
(八)同位语
句中某一句子成分对另一句子成分进行说明或解释,在语法上处于同等地位,则此句子成分称为同位语。同位语通常放在它所说明或解释的词、短语之后。可用作同位语的有名词(短语)、代词、数词、副词(短语)、介词短语、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)和从句等。例如:
He is looking for a job driving cars.他正在找一份开车的工作。
It is a fully laden ship, a ship with a full cargo.这是一艘装满了货的满载船。
Mrs Brooks, the landlady, had heard bits of the conversation between Tess and Clare.老板娘布鲁克斯太太听到了苔丝和克莱的一些谈话。
The teacher, a middle-aged man, understands how difficult it is for some of us to say the things.(D.L.Stewart)这位老师是个中年人,他懂得,对我们的一些人来说,要说出这些话是多么困难。
The whole strength of England lies in the fact that the enormous majority of the English are snobs.(Bernard Shaw)英国的全部力量的泉源在于这个事实,即绝大多数英国人都是势利人。
Everywhere, spring brings the blessed reassurance that life goes on, that death is no more than a passing season.(James J.Kilpatrick)春天处处带来圣洁的复苏气象:生命在继续,死亡不过是一个早已消逝的季节罢了。
同位语可以用or, of等引导:
We know, or should know, that a father's kiss will fit as comfortably on the cheek of a son as on that of a daughter.(D.L.Steward)我们知道,也应该知道,父亲吻儿子的面颊,会像吻女儿的面颊一样使孩子们感到惬意。
This automobile is running at speed of 45 miles an hour.这辆汽车正以每小时45英里的速度行驶。
同位语与它所说明的名词之间可以使用一些插入语如namely, for example, such as, especially, in particular, mostly, in other words, for short, that is等。例如:
John is a New Yorker, that is, he lives in New York.约翰是纽约人,就是说他住在纽约。
有时,同位语可放在句子的开头,置于主语之前,起强调作用。例如:
A skilful hand at improving tools, Brown helped to design a new machine.布朗是个改革工具的能手,帮助设计了一种新机器。
(九)独立成分
与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系的词、短语或固定词组称为独立成分。独立成分在句中用逗号跟其他成分隔开,它不能脱离句子而独立存在。根据其表示的意义可分为三种:
1.感叹语——表示说话人的某种感情。常置于句首,有时也可放在句中或句末。例如:
Oh! beyond anything great!(Jane Austen)啊!这比什么都好!
Why, I've never seen anything like it.呀,我从来没见过它这样。
"Hey," I said, "is there anything special that you want to take along?"“嗨,”我说,“你有什么特别的东西想带在身边吗?”
2.呼语——直接称呼人的用语,用于句首、句中或句末,以引起说话人的对方注意。常用表示人的专有名词表示,也可用普通名词、代词、短语表示。例如:
“Ladies, "said he, turning to his family, "Miss Temple, teachers, and children, you all see this girl?”“诸位太太,”他转过头对他的家属说,“潭波尔小姐,教师们、孩子们,你们都看到了这姑娘吧?”
Quick, boys, go for the tent!快,朋友们,快到帐篷里去!
3.插入语——即插入句中的词语或句子,表示说话人对说话内容的看法、态度或附加的解释,位于句首、句中或句末。通常由副词(短语)、介词短语、不定式短语、现在分词短语或分句表示。例如:
Of course, Jenny's arrival at the hospital was not an unexpected one.当然,珍妮来到医院并不令人感到意外。
It is, after all, a personal thing between parents and their children.(D.L.Stewart)这毕竟是父母和孩子之间的私事。
Most of them, sadly, we never discover.(Carl Sagan)遗憾的是,它们的大部分我们将永远发现不了。
有时说完一句话后,如果想补充说明或解释上文,可用破折号引出插入语:
Don't hurry—there is plenty of time.别着急;时间多着呢。
In the United States, you must drive with the headlights—the large front lights of the car—on at night, whether you are driving in the city or not.在美国夜晚开车,不论是否在市区,必须亮着车头灯——亮着车前的大灯。
二、句子的种类
从结构上看,句子可分为四类:简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句。
(一)简单句
只包含一个主谓结构,句子的各个成分都由单词或短语表示。
简单句的表示形式:
【下面用双横线 表示主语;横线 表示谓语】
1.一个主语+一个谓语。
Time flies .岁月飞逝。
This place is rightly called an earthly paradise .这个地方简直可称为天堂。
Today's opportunities erase yesterday's failures.(Gene Brown)今日的机遇可以抹去昨日的失败。
Would you were with us!你跟我们在一起该多好!
What in the world do you mean ?你到底是什么意思?
We look upon our youth as the future of our motherland.我们把我们的青年看作祖国的未来。
A fool always finds a great fool to admire him.(N.Boileau)傻瓜总会发现有更傻的傻瓜赞美他。
Man's greatness lies in his power of thought .(Blaise Pascal)人的伟大在于他的思想能力。
Necessity is the mother of invention .(Plato)需要是发明之母。
Ignorance is the mother of superstition. (Balzac)无知是迷信之母。
Bureaucracy is the death of any achievement .(A.Einstein)官僚制度是任何成就的杀手。
2.一个主语+并列谓语。
We must bear the burdens and relish the jobs.我们必须吃苦耐劳,乐观快活。
He buys wholesale and sells retail.他批发购进,零售卖出。
Truth is often eclipsed but never extinguished .(Titus Livius)真理往往被掩盖,但永远不会消失。
All my life I have set ahead of me a series of goals and then tried to reach them, one at a time.(Robert G.Allman)这一生我已经树立了一系列目标,然后努力去达到,一次一个。
Two of the girls became teenage mothers and live on welfare.两个女孩未成年便成了母亲,靠救济度日。
Electricity lights streets, warms houses and drives machines.电照亮街道,使房子温暖并能开动机器。
3.并列主语+一个谓语。
Science and technology are productive force .科学和技术都是生产力。
The water and steam in the boiler should circulate freely.锅炉里的水和蒸汽能够自由循环。
I do not care for money. Decorations, titles, or distinctions mean nothing to me.(A.Einstein)我不在乎钱。奖章、头衔或名誉对我毫无意义。
John or I am to blame .或者怪约翰,或者怪我。
Either you or he is to go .不是你去就是他去。
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about the subject matter of this article.学生们和老师都不知道这篇文章的内容。
4.并列主语+并列谓语。
My sister and I help each other and learn from each other.我的姐妹和我互相帮助,互相学习。
Ice and snow covered the ground and made our progress difficult.冰和雪覆盖大地,使我们前进很困难。
Hea t, light , electricity and sound are different forms of energy and can be changed from one form into another.热、光、电和声音是能量的不同形式,并且能够从一种形式转换为另一种形式。
有些简单句只包含一个词或一个成分。例如:
Help!救人呀!
No parking!不准停车!
Merry Christmas (to you)!祝你圣诞节快乐!
Your health!【祝酒用语】 祝你健康!
Out with it!拿出来!
Oh dear!【感叹语】 啊!哎呀!
Many happy returns (of the day)!【生日贺词】 祝你长寿!
Forward to new victories!【口号】 争取新的胜利!
(以上这类句子都是习惯说法)
For a time the inhabitants of the valley were not interested in it.But not for long.【只有一个状语But not for long】 有一段时期,山谷里的居民对此事并不感兴趣。但为时不长。
(二)并列句
由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句构成。并列句中的分句通常用并列连词或标点符号连接。
并列连词根据含义不同,有下列几类:
1.并列关系——用来连接两个概念,常用的连词有and, not only…but(also),neither…nor等。例如:
The door opened, and a bright glare of light filled the room.门开了,明亮的灯光充满了房间。
Neither could theory do without practice nor could practice do without theory.理论没有实践不行,实践没有理论也不行。
Air not only occupies space, but it also has weight.空气不仅占有空间,而且具有重量。
Everything is so quiet around me, and my soul is so calm.周围万籁俱寂,我亦心静如水。
His face softened, and he welcomed me to share their table.(George H.Brooks)他脸色变得温和了,请我一起吃晚饭。
Gypsies make difficult friends for ordinary people, and he was something of a gypsy.普通人很难跟吉普赛人交朋友,而他有点像吉普赛人。
2.选择关系——表示在两者之间选择一个,常用的连词有or, or else, otherwise, either…or等。例如:
Be modest, or you will never learn anything.要谦虚,否则你会永远学不到什么东西。
Either he fell in the battle or he deserted.他或者在战场上阵亡了,或者当了逃兵。
We must control the temperature, otherwise the part will be overheated.我们必须控制温度,否则零件就会过热。
Charge it with electricity, else you will never be able to obtain the solution.给它充好电,否则你永远得不到溶液。
3.转折关系——表示两个概念彼此有矛盾,常用的连词有but, yet, still, however, while, whereas, nevertheless等。例如:
One cannot see air, however, it does exist.你看不见空气,但是它的确存在。
I tried many methods, still I failed to get the expected result.我试了许多方法,仍然没能得到预料的结果。
The weather is very cold; still it is not unbearable.天气很冷,但仍然还不是不能忍受。
I am a slow walker, but I never walk backwards.(Abraham Lincoln)我走得很慢,但我从不后退。
She sold her house, yet she can't help regretting it.她把房子卖掉了,但她不能不感到惋惜。
This is very well; nevertheless/however/yet/still it is not enough.这很好,但还不够。
Tons of milk were poured into the sea, while hundreds of thousands were starving.一吨吨的牛奶倒进海里,而成千上万的人在挨饿。
Wise men love truth, while fools shun it.聪明人热爱真理,而愚 蠢人害怕真理。
He makes good resolutions, only he never keeps them.他的决心很好,只是他从不付诸实施。
He agreed to do it; later he change his mind, though.他同意做这件事,但是后来他改变了主意。
4.因果关系——常用连词for, so, then, therefore等。例如:
It is morning, for the birds are singing.这是早晨,因为鸟儿正在鸣唱。
He appeared to be returning home from a walk, for his buckle-shoes were covered with dust.他好像是刚刚散步后正往家里走,因为他穿的系带式皮鞋还沾着尘土。
But I can keep nothing from you, for you know me too well.可我还是什么都瞒不了你,因为你知我太深了。
I think, therefore I am.(Descartes)我思想,所以我存在。
They did excellent work; therefore, they deserved to be commended.他们工作做得很出色,因此值得赞扬。
The molecules of a gas are not closely packed, so it has no definite shape.气体的分子不密集,因而没有一定的形状。
They hit it hard, and so it broke.他们用力敲它,所以它就破了。
5.不用并列连词,只用标点符号(逗号或分号)也可以连接并列句。例如:
Hurry up, it's getting late.赶快,时候不早了。
The window-shutters were closed; the street was empty.百叶窗关着,街道空荡荡的。
Water is a compound, it is made up of hydrogen and oxygen.水是化合物,它是由氢和氧组成的。
All happy families resemble one another, each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.(Lev Tolstoi)幸福的家庭家家相似,不幸的 家庭户户不同。
You can't count on him to help; he is such a busy man.你不能指望他来帮忙,他是这么一个大忙人。
(三)复合句
包含两个或两个以上的主谓结构,其中一个主谓结构是句子的主体,称为主句;另一个或另几个主谓结构不能独立,只能作为句中的一个成分,如主语、宾语、表语、同位语和状语等,称为从句。充当某一句子成分的主谓结构就称为某一句子成分的从句,如主语从句、定语从句、状语从句等。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句连接起来。
常见的关联词有that, who, which, when, because, if, though等。
Whether this method is better must be tried again.这个方法是否比较好必须再试试看。
This is what you need.这是你所需要的(东西)。
I had a feeling that it was impossible to explain the thing.(Stephen Leacock)我感到不可能把这事情解释清楚。
I knew now what this war and all the fighting was about.(George H.Brooks)我现在懂得了这场战争和全部战斗的真谛。
Isaac Newton, a British scientist, who lived over 300 years ago, said he saw further than others, because he stood on the shoulders of giants.三百多年前的英国科学家伊萨斯·牛顿说,他看得比别人远些是因为他站在巨人的肩膀上。
(四)并列复合句
并列句中含有从句者称为并列复合句。例如:
①War and statesmanship were not for him, ②but he knew how important those things were―at times.战争之道、治国之谋略他虽都 不在行,但他知道这些东西有时候是多么重要。【第①分句和第②分句用but连接;第②分句后有一个宾语从句】
If I had stayed in business, ①I might be a comparatively wealthy man today, ②but I do not believe I would have made a success of living.(Alexander Bloch)如果我一直经商,今天可能已经是个相当富有的人,但我却会认为在生活上我并不是个成功者。【第①分句和第②分句用but连接;第①分句前有一个条件状语从句,第②分句后有一个宾语从句】
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