2026年中考英语语法专题学习 宾语从句
宾语从句专题学案
【学习目标】
- 掌握宾语从句的三要素：引导词、时态和语序。
- 能够正确判断和使用不同的引导词。
- 熟练运用宾语从句的时态呼应规则。
- 能将疑问句语序转换为宾语从句的陈述语序。
- 了解宾语从句的简化形式。
【知识梳理】
一、 什么是宾语从句？
在一个句子中，充当宾语的成分是一个句子，这个句子就是宾语从句。
* e.g., I know this girl. (宾语是一个词)
* e.g., I know that the girl is a student. (宾语是一个句子)
二、 宾语从句三要素
要素一：引导词 (连接词)
- that （陈述句充当宾语从句 ）
* 含义：无意义，只起连接作用。
* 特点：通常可以省略。
* 例句：I think (that) the mooncakes are delicious.
- if / whether （一般疑问句充当宾语从句 ）
* 含义：表示“是否”。
* 特点：有意义，不能省略。
例句：
(1) Is Jim a good student? I don’t know
I don’t know if /whether Jim is a good student.
(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know?
Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?
注意：只能用whether不用if 的三种情况
一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种 情况只能用whether：
①与or not连用： He asked me whether or not I was coming.
Let me know whether you can come or not.
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②在介词之后： It depends on whether it is going to rain.
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings
③在不定式之前：We haven’t decided whether to go there.
I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.
- 特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句充当宾语从句 ）
* 含义：who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how等，保留原来的疑问含义。
* 特点：有意义，不能省略。
例句：
1.What is she doing? Can you tell me?
Can you tell me what she is doing?
2.Where does she live? Do you know?
Do you know where she lives?
要素二：时态 (“主现从随便，主过从必过，真理永不变”)
（一）主句现在时，从句看意思：如果主句谓语动词是现在时（一般现在时、现在完成时等），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
* He says (that) he studies English every day. (一般现在时)
* He says (that) he is studying English now. (现在进行时)
* He says (that) he will study English. (一般将来时)
* He says (that) he has studied English for 10 years. (现在完成时)
（二）主句过去时，从句必过去：如果主句谓语动词是过去时，从句的谓语动词必须用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。
* He said (that) he studied English every day.
* He said (that) he was studying English then.
* He said (that) he would study English.
* He said (that) he had studied English for 10 years.
（三）【特例】客观真理永不变：当宾语从句表述的是客观事实或真理时，无论主句是什么时态，从句都使用一般现在时。
* He said (that) the earth goes around the sun.
要素三：语序 (“陈述语序”)
宾语从句必须使用陈述语序，即“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他”。
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