精品解析：湖南省长沙麓山国际实验学校2025-2026学年高三上学期月考（一）英语试题

麓山国际实验学校2026届高三英语月考（一） 第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共5 小题:每小题 1.5分,满分 7.5分) 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What has the woman finished doing? A. Choosing her major. B. Working on the computer. C. Sending her application form. 2. What will the man buy 4. AA bag. B. A. laptop. C. A/ suitcase. 3 When will the man check out? A. On the 16th. B. On the 17th. C. On the 18th. 4. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. Going on vacation. B. Dealing with sensitivities. (℃. Taking care of the pet. 5. What will the man probably do for the woman? A. Clean the table. B. Help with her report. C. Carry the shopping. 第二节 (共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 22.5 分) 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What did Barbara begin to do two months ago? A. Do the gardening. B. Tidy the bedrooms. C. Decorate the living room. 7. Who might Brian be? A. Barbara’s neighbor. B. Barbara’s husband. C. Barbara’s gardener. 听第 7 段材料,回答第 8 至 10 题。 8. When does the conversation take place? A. Before ordering. B. Dhang a meal. C. After a meal. 9. What do we know about the restaurant? A. It has a nice environment. B. It has a new address. C. It has a good name 10. What do the speakers decide to do? A. Report service issues. B. Complain about the manager. C. Move to a less crowded place 听第 8 段材料,回答第 11 至 13 题。 11. What is the woman gurious about? A. What life coaches. do. B. Why Mel tloes the qualification. C. Whether Mel is good at fixing problems. 12. What does the woman hate doing? A. Talking about her ramily stuation. B. Analyzing personal problems. C. Compieting the housework. 13. How can the woman solve her problem according to the man? A By seeking cooperation. B. By changing her attitude. C. By starting a new routine. 听第 9 段材料,回答第 14 至 17 题。 14. What inspired Trent to start climbing? A. A picture of mountains. B. A tetevision docamentary. & A biography of a climber. 15. What was Trent’s feeling during his first big climbing? A. Nervousness. B. Confidence. C. Amazøment. 16 Why did Trent decide to climb the seven peaks. A. To overcome his fear. B. To realize his long-held dream. C. To raise money for his grandpa. 17. Wirat made Trent special among the climbers to the seven peaks? A. He was accompanied by his grandpa. B. He/ climbed snow-covered mountains. C. He was younger than any other climber. 听第 10 段材料,回答第 18 至 20 题。 18. What did Bohlin do in nis first job? A. He taught at a college. B. He designed aircraft. C. He produced cars. 19. When did the first modern can seat belt appear? A. in 1942. B. In 1958. C. In 1959. 20. Whicn. country was the first tā introduce car seat belt laws: A Japan B Australia. C.France. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 A In order to hold weight, a recommendation letter should come from a respected source. You would be a wonderful fit if you worked with the candidate in a supervisory position, say, a manager or boss of some sort, for an employer always wants a professional reference. Occasionally, letters from a colleague, a friend, neighbor, or family member will also do. And what elements should your recommendation letter include to be effective? #1: Explaining Your Qualification In the first paragraph, you should explain who you are, how you know the candidate and how long you worked with him. In this way, you are showing that you’re much qualified to give an honest assessment. Strong letters give positive descriptions of your qualifications in a concise and powerful way, which creates a professional and trustworthy image of you. #2: Being Customized to the New Position While you should speak to the candidate’s accomplishments in his past role, you should also show why he’d make a good fit in the next one. You should explain why he has the desired ability to do the job well, and attach the greatest importance to this, even if the candidate’s making a career change. The candidate should provide you with everything you need to know to customize your letter. By drawing on this information, you can express confidence that the candidate will succeed in the new role. Then when the hiring manager reads your letter, he’ll feel reassured that the candidate would make a good fit. #3: Using Specific Examples Finally, your letter should provide specific examples about the candidate. Don’t just list adjectives like, “friendly, intelligent, and hard-working”; instead, present circumstances in which the candidate demonstrated those qualities. Not only will examples point to the value the candidate brought to your organization or company, but they’ll also paint a picture of how he works in day-to-day operations. Using two to three specific examples in your letter will boost its level of persuasiveness. 1. Who are the intended readers of this passage? A. Assessors. B. Employers. C. Candidates. D. Recommenders. 2. According to the passage, a candidate’s ______ is usually the most suitable to write a recommendation letter. A. powerful friend B. supervisory manager C. respected neighbor D. trustworthy colleague 3. What should a writer put emphasis on in a recommendation letter? A. Presenting the reader with the candidate’s ability. B. Exhibiting his knowledge about the new industry. C Customizing the letter with eye-catching drawings. D. Showing the candidate’s intelligence with examples. B When disaster strikes a community, it is often critical that assistance be provided right away. The best first responders are the people who call that area home. The Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program teaches civilians how to prepare themselves for dangers that might affect their communities. Teams of volunteers are trained in basic skills such as fire safety and prevention, search and rescue, and first aid. After training, these volunteers can begin to provide immediate assistance in the consequence of disasters before professional rescuers arrive. A CERT team can make a huge difference to a community. During the early stages of a disastrous event, citizens will likely face extreme challenges on their own. Emergency services are usually overwhelmed, and communities may be isolated because of blocked roads. A CERT team can size up the situation in their neighborhood and provide help right away. In 1986, untrained volunteers saved more than 800 lives in the Mexico City earthquake. Unfortunately, at least 100 volunteers also died in the process. To ensure their community was better prepared in events like this, Los Angeles piloted the first CERT program in 1986, and many cities followed their lead. People of all ages can participate in a CERT program-there is even a teen program for adolescents. Local CERT trainers hold an annual training class and provide subsequent classes throughout the year to consolidate skills. CERT programs are useful on many different levels. Volunteers are trained to act as eyes and ears, locating trapped victims for uniformed emergency responders who arrive later. They learn to put out small fires, shut off equipment, rescue survivors and provide basic medical treatment. Volunteers also create disaster plans to evacuate families as well as collect and store disaster supplies such as water, food and first-aid kits. Working with professionals, a CERT team can help reduce injuries, loss of life and property damage. There are now CERT programs throughout the United States, and more than 600,000 people have trained as volunteers. Brazil, New Zealand and Turkey have similar programs. Citizens participate because they believe that everyone in a community has a role in disaster preparedness. By working competently as a team, CERT volunteers protect not only themselves but also the people around them when disasters occur. 4. According to the passage, when do CERT members usually provide assistance? A. Before those professional rescuers arrive. B. When uniformed emergency responders arrive. C. During the early stages of a disastrous event. D. Throughout the process of rescue in a disaster. 5. The word “pilot” in the second paragraph most probably means ________. A. conduct B. imitate C. pass D. discuss 6. According to the passage, residents in the community in some countries are willing to be CERT volunteers because ________. A. they think each in the community is important in preventing and fighting against disaster B they believe everyone in the community has the responsibility in a sudden natural disaster C. they think volunteers in the community can protect themselves and others in a disaster D. they believe they can help victims earlier and more effectively than professional ones 7. What would be the proper title for the passage? A. CERT and professional rescue teams are important B. CERT is a folk but helpful organization in America C. Ordinary people can save lives in a natural disaster D. Volunteers can effectively prevent a natural disaster C When Eugenie George heard that her friend passed a financial counseling exam, at first her heart sank. She had failed the same test weeks earlier, and she needed the qualification to advance her career. “My inner child got upset,” recalled Ms. George, a financial writer and educator from Philadelphia. But then, instead of stewing, she called her friend. “I told her I failed and admitted I was jealous,” she said. Ms. George knew that being upfront would calm her envy, and she was surprised, when it shifted her attitude she could share her friend’s happiness, and experience her own, in turn.“I congratulated her and told her she inspired me.” Finding pleasure in another person’s good fortune is what social scientists call freudenfreude, a term(inspired by the German word for joy)that describes the happiness we feel when someone else succeeds, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. “Freudenfreude is like social glue,” said Catherine, a professor of psychology at Ursinus College. “It makes relationships closer and more enjoyable.” Erika Weiz, an empathy researcher and postdoctoral fellow in psychology at Harvard University, said the feeling closely resembles positive empathy— the ability to experience someone else’s positive emotions. A small 2024 study examined positive empathy’s role in daily life and found that it stimulates kind acts, like helping others. Sharing in someone else’s joy can also foster resilience (韧性), improve life satisfaction and help people cooperate during a conflict. However, freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily. In zero- sum situations, your loss might really sting, making freudenfreude feel out of reach. If you were raised in a family that paired winning with self- worth, Dr. Catherine said, you might misread someone else’s victory as a personal shortcoming. And factors like mental health and overall well- being can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy. Still, freudenfreude is worthwhile— and there are ways to encourage the feeling. 8 What does the underlined phrase “being upfront” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Hiding one’s true feelings. B. Honestly expressing one’s emotions. C. Always escaping from reality. D. Offering practical advice immediately. 9. Which of the following belongs to freudenfreude? A. You felt upset that your best friend lost a match. B. You felt happy that you defeated your opponent. C. You felt delighted that your classmate got a prize. D. You felt glad that you helped those weaker than you. 10. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The benefits of freudenfreude. B. The reasons for freudenfreude. C. The definition of freudenfreude. D. The factors affecting freudenfreude. 11. What might the author continue talking about? A. The importance of sharing others’ success. B. The way to seek more happiness in our life. C. The harm that freudenfreude may bring to us. D. The tips on how to experience freudenfreude. D A new study gives all of us some extra motivation when it comes to getting outside and exercising: every day you manage to fit in an additional one-hour walk, you could be boosting your lifespan by an extra six hours. That’s the approximate benefit if you’ re currently in the 25 percent least active people in the US, according to fitness tracker data analyzed by a team led by researchers from Griffith University in Australia. If you’ re in the top 25 percent, an extra walk isn’t as much of a boost—you’ve already received most of the health benefits from exercise— but the study also highlights and quantifies some of the key benefits of an active life.“If all individuals were as active as the top 25 percent of the population, Americans over the age of 40 could live an extra 5.3 years on average,” write the researchers in their published paper. “It can be any type of exercise to reach that top quartile (四分位数) but would roughly be the equivalent of just about three hours of walking per day.” The team analyzed wearable activity data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) in the US, which recruits 5,000 volunteers a year. To calculate how changes in activity levels can influence mortality (死亡) risk, researchers referenced the NHANES results against a life-table model (where mortality rates are tracked at specific age points) and previous research into exercise and lifespan. In this particular study, data on 824 participants were excluded because they didn’t wear the trackers for long enough. Suggesting that exercise leads to a longer life is nothing new, but quantifying and simplifying the benefits can grab attention— whether it’s five minutes a day to reduce blood pressure or nine seconds a week to grow muscle. Now there’s a new target to aim for: an extra hour’s walk a day. If you find that too discouraging a prospect, remember that any amount of exercise makes a difference to health and well- being. 12. What does the new study find? A. Walking can cure some diseases effectively. B. Perhaps daily walking can extend our lifespan. C. Increasing exercise mostly benefits active people. D. The less active people must exercise an hour a day. 13. How much daily walking is roughly needed to reach the top 25% active group? A. Nine seconds. B. One hour. C. Three hours. D. Five hours. 14. What is the function of Paragraph 3? A. Giving the examples. B. Analyzing the data. C. Predicting the effect. D. Explaining the method. 15. Why does the author mention “nine seconds a week to grow muscle” in the last paragraph? A. To compare three different types of exercise. B. To emphasize the flexibility in setting exercise goals. C. To demonstrate the precision of modern exercise research. D. To highlight the advantage of walking over strength training. 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 I started my Ph. D. studying species on a remote oceanic island, where I would be spending most of the next 3 years through rainforest to count vertebrates (无脊椎动物). Everyone attached to my project was over 5,000 kilometers away — and so were my friends, family, and entire support network. But I was confident in myself. ____16____ Despite my enthusiasm for my research and confidence in living there, loneliness soon set in. At times, I even couldn’t find the motivation to get into the field. ____17____ I hesitated to reach out to the locals, fearing socializing would distract me from my work or that the locals might not welcome an “outsider”. But I eventually realized that I had to. ____18____ One afternoon, after a long day in the field, I dropped in for a beer. Immediately, someone asked how long I had been working at the power station. I was confused, but then I realized I was wearing a work shirt bearing the company logo. We both had a laugh after I explained who I was and what I was doing.____19____ I ended up having that same introductory chat with many people over the next few weeks. Soon, each visit to the pub involved catching up with friends and talking about my research, which helped keep me motivated about my work. Connecting with the community helped with more than just my emotional well-being. When I needed help to build fences for my experiments, a new friend gladly assisted. ____20____ I don’t think I would have done it without him. Since finishing my Ph. D., I have moved twice for research positions. And each time I found myself in new communities, I remembered how reaching out to the local community during my Ph. D. helped me. A. My final step was to give gifts. B. We got them up with much less trouble. C. I was suffering from a sense of isolation. D. My first move was to visit the local pub. E. I told myself I could manage on my own. F. Some of them were still unforgettable years later. G. This shirt confusion became a great conversation starter. 第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Kasper Juul Eriksen, a Danish man living legally in Mississippi with his American wife and four kids, thought his immigration interview would be routine. Instead, he was detained (拘留) on the spot, caught off guard by a(n) ____21____ from a decade ago that neither he nor his wife knew about. Years earlier, a ____22____ immigration form hadn’t been filed properly. It wasn’t a (n) ____23____ act of deception (欺骗), just an overlooked mistake in a complex process. Still, it was enough to ____24____ his legal status and even turn the appointment into a crisis. Kasper had been to the U. S. as a student in 2009 and returned in 2013 to marry Savannah. Since then, he’d built a ____25____ life, holding a steady job, paying taxes on time, and raising his children in a small suburb far from the headlines. According to Savannah, he always tried to ____26____ every rule, however complex. Now, he’s held in a Louisiana facility with no ____27____ timeline for release. The family is overwhelmed — emotionally and financially. “We’re ____28____ another child,” Savannah said. “And now I have to ____29____ everything alone.” Friends have started raising funds to ____30____ legal costs. But experts say the process is slow and costly, with no ____31____ that past good behavior will help. “We followed the rules. We did everything in good ____32____,” said Savannah. But in a system where one form can destroy your future, good intentions may not ____33____ much. Now, as the legal fight goes on, the Eriksens can only ____34____. Their story has become a ____35____ of broader questions about fairness and what it means to follow the rules in America. 21. A. update B. outcome C. misstep D. breakdown 22. A. random B. necessary C. useful D. complete 23. A. intentional B. unconscious C. voluntary D. reasonable 24. A. acknowledge B. compromise C. establish D. maintain 25. A. quiet B. busy C. rich D. humble 26. A. come to B. refer to C. turn to D. stick to 27. A. loose B. strict C. legal D. clear 28. A. preparing B. abandoning C. expecting D. feeding 29. A. shoulder B. accept C. hold D. absorb 30. A. save B. cover C. afford D. control 31. A. fact B. concern C. certainty D. doubt 32. A. spirits B. faith C. humor D. shape 33. A. cost B. grow C. need D. count 34. A. wait B. battle C. rest D. stay 35. A. symptom B. signal C. symbol D. selection 第二节 (共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Common water plant could provide a green energy source. Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from duckweed, one of nature’s fastest-growing water plants. Transferring such plant oil into biodiesel (生物柴油) for transportation and ____36____ (heat) could be a big part of a more sustainable future. For a new study, researchers genetically engineered duckweed plants to produce seven times more oil per acre than soybeans. John Shanklin, a biochemist says further research could double the ____37____ (engineer) duckweed’s oil output in the next few years. Biofuels, which are distinct from fossil fuels ____38____ form underground, possess renewability whereas their consumption rate ____39____ (exceed) by regeneration speed. Lower carbon footprints compared to those produced by fossil fuels can be achieved by fuels sourced from both unused and recycled vegetable oils, animal fat, alongside seaweed sources. Nevertheless, negative perceptions have been increasingly directed toward them recently. This ____40____ (criticize) is partly attributed to the reality that substantial crop ____41____ (volume) are now diverted toward energy production instead of food supplies, while over 100 million acres of global agricultural land are occupied by biofuel cultivation. Duckweed, common on every continent but Antarctica, is among the world’s most productive plants and the researchers suggest it could be a game-changing renewable energy source for three key reasons. First, it grows ____42____ (ready) in water, so it wouldn’t compete with food crops for agricultural land. Second, duckweed can grow fast in agricultural pollution released into the water. Third, Shanklin and his team found a way to avoid a major biotechnological barrier. For ____43____ new study, Shanklin says, the researchers added an oil-producing gene, “turning it on like a light switch” ____44____ introducing a particular molecule only when the plant had finished growing. To expand production to industrial levels, scientists will need to design and produce large-scale bases for growing engineered plants and obtaining oil is a challenge. Shanklin says, _____45_____ duckweed is a non-mainstream crop without much existing infrastructure. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. “内卷”（involution）导致高中生学业上过度竞争。校刊英文专栏邀请你以“How to Deal with Academic Involution? ”为题撰稿。 内容包括： 1. 分析负面影响； 2. 提出解决方法。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 How to Deal with Academic Involution? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 (满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Lena was a 17-year-old girl who considered herself independent. For three years, her diary had been her only trusted friend. Every night, she would record everything in life — the math teacher’s blame, the broken relationship with deskmates, the crush (喜欢) on a boy, the stray dog, the leaking roof, even the way her mother talked to her. The cold war began after that night — when Mom opened her schoolbag without warning, stuff fell out onto the floor—a half-finished love poem, a present prepared for her deskmate, and her private drawing book. “What’re you doing on earth?” screamed Lena. “I just want to check and keep you safe!” Mom’s voice cracked, her hands shaking. “Safe? You just want to control me!” Lena cried, kicking the bag away. That night, Lena locked herself in her room, scribbling angry words into her diary: “This is my Privacy! I hate her! I’ll never forgive her!” For a week Lena wouldn’t speak to her mother. One rainy afternoon, Lena returned home to find her diary missing from its usual spot under the pillow. Panic set in. Did Mom take it? She stormed into the kitchen, where her mother was washing vegetables, hands trembling slightly. “Give it back!” Lena demanded Mom wiped her hands slowly, avoiding eye contact. “The roof leaked. I was cleaning up the mess in your room when I found your notebook lying on the wet floor. I was drying it.” She pointed to the balcony, where the diary lay open under a hairdryer, pages fluttering. Lena’s heart sank. Her deepest secrets — complaints about Mom, crushes on classmates — were now exposed. She grabbed the diary and ran back to her room, tears blurring her vision. Flipping through the pages, she noticed something strange: every angry entry was marked with a tiny red sticker (贴纸)。 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Curious, Lena turned to the page where she wrote “I hate you!” and found unfamiliar handwriting. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That night, Lena tiptoed into her mother’s room, diary in hand. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 麓山国际实验学校2026届高三英语月考（一） 第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共5 小题:每小题 1.5分,满分 7.5分) 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What has the woman finished doing? A. Choosing her major. B. Working on the computer. C. Sending her application form. 2. What will the man buy 4. AA bag. B. A. laptop. C. A/ suitcase. 3 When will the man check out? A. On the 16th. B. On the 17th. C. On the 18th. 4. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. Going on vacation. B. Dealing with sensitivities. (℃. Taking care of the pet. 5. What will the man probably do for the woman? A. Clean the table. B. Help with her report. C. Carry the shopping. 第二节 (共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 22.5 分) 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What did Barbara begin to do two months ago? A. Do the gardening. B. Tidy the bedrooms. C. Decorate the living room. 7. Who might Brian be? A. Barbara’s neighbor. B. Barbara’s husband. C. Barbara’s gardener. 听第 7 段材料,回答第 8 至 10 题。 8. When does the conversation take place? A. Before ordering. B. Dhang a meal. C. After a meal. 9. What do we know about the restaurant? A. It has a nice environment. B. It has a new address. C. It has a good name 10. What do the speakers decide to do? A. Report service issues. B. Complain about the manager. C. Move to a less crowded place 听第 8 段材料,回答第 11 至 13 题。 11. What is the woman gurious about? A. What life coaches. do. B. Why Mel tloes the qualification. C. Whether Mel is good at fixing problems. 12. What does the woman hate doing? A. Talking about her ramily stuation. B. Analyzing personal problems. C. Compieting the housework. 13. How can the woman solve her problem according to the man? A By seeking cooperation. B. By changing her attitude. C. By starting a new routine. 听第 9 段材料,回答第 14 至 17 题。 14. What inspired Trent to start climbing? A. A picture of mountains. B. A tetevision docamentary. & A biography of a climber. 15. What was Trent’s feeling during his first big climbing? A. Nervousness. B. Confidence. C. Amazøment. 16. Why did Trent decide to climb the seven peaks. A. To overcome his fear. B. To realize his long-held dream. C. To raise money for his grandpa. 17. Wirat made Trent special among the climbers to the seven peaks? A. He was accompanied by his grandpa. B. He/ climbed snow-covered mountains. C. He was younger than any other climber. 听第 10 段材料,回答第 18 至 20 题。 18. What did Bohlin do in nis first job? A He taught at a college. B. He designed aircraft. C. He produced cars. 19. When did the first modern can seat belt appear? A. in 1942. B. In 1958. C. In 1959. 20. Whicn. country was the first tā introduce car seat belt laws: A Japan B Australia. C.France. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 A In order to hold weight, a recommendation letter should come from a respected source. You would be a wonderful fit if you worked with the candidate in a supervisory position, say, a manager or boss of some sort, for an employer always wants a professional reference. Occasionally, letters from a colleague, a friend, neighbor, or family member will also do. And what elements should your recommendation letter include to be effective? #1: Explaining Your Qualification In the first paragraph, you should explain who you are, how you know the candidate and how long you worked with him. In this way, you are showing that you’re much qualified to give an honest assessment. Strong letters give positive descriptions of your qualifications in a concise and powerful way, which creates a professional and trustworthy image of you. #2: Being Customized to the New Position While you should speak to the candidate’s accomplishments in his past role, you should also show why he’d make a good fit in the next one. You should explain why he has the desired ability to do the job well, and attach the greatest importance to this, even if the candidate’s making a career change. The candidate should provide you with everything you need to know to customize your letter. By drawing on this information, you can express confidence that the candidate will succeed in the new role. Then when the hiring manager reads your letter, he’ll feel reassured that the candidate would make a good fit. #3: Using Specific Examples Finally, your letter should provide specific examples about the candidate. Don’t just list adjectives like, “friendly, intelligent, and hard-working”; instead, present circumstances in which the candidate demonstrated those qualities. Not only will examples point to the value the candidate brought to your organization or company, but they’ll also paint a picture of how he works in day-to-day operations. Using two to three specific examples in your letter will boost its level of persuasiveness. 1. Who are the intended readers of this passage? A. Assessors. B. Employers. C. Candidates. D. Recommenders. 2. According to the passage, a candidate’s ______ is usually the most suitable to write a recommendation letter. A. powerful friend B. supervisory manager C. respected neighbor D. trustworthy colleague 3. What should a writer put emphasis on in a recommendation letter? A. Presenting the reader with the candidate’s ability. B. Exhibiting his knowledge about the new industry. C. Customizing the letter with eye-catching drawings. D. Showing the candidate’s intelligence with examples. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了推荐信应该包含哪些要素才能有效。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“And what elements should your recommendation letter include to be effective?(你的推荐信应该包含哪些要素才能有效？)”可推知，这篇文章是写给推荐者的。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“You would be a wonderful fit if you worked with the candidate in a supervisory position, say, a manager or boss of some sort, for an employer always wants a professional reference. Occasionally, letters from a colleague, a friend, neighbor, or family member will also do. (如果你和应聘者一起工作在管理职位上，比如经理或老板之类的职位上，你将是一个非常合适的人选，因为雇主总是想要一份专业的推荐信。偶尔，来自同事、朋友、邻居或家人的信件也可以)”可知，根据短文，候选人的主管通常最适合写推荐信。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据#2: Being Customized to the New Position 部分中的“You should explain why he has the desired ability to do the job well, and attach the greatest importance to this, even if the candidate’s making a career change. (你应该解释他为什么有能力把工作做好，并把这一点放在最重要的位置，即使这位候选人要转行)”可知，写信者应该在推荐信中向读者重点展示应聘者的能力。故选A。 B When disaster strikes a community, it is often critical that assistance be provided right away. The best first responders are the people who call that area home. The Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program teaches civilians how to prepare themselves for dangers that might affect their communities. Teams of volunteers are trained in basic skills such as fire safety and prevention, search and rescue, and first aid. After training, these volunteers can begin to provide immediate assistance in the consequence of disasters before professional rescuers arrive. A CERT team can make a huge difference to a community. During the early stages of a disastrous event, citizens will likely face extreme challenges on their own. Emergency services are usually overwhelmed, and communities may be isolated because of blocked roads. A CERT team can size up the situation in their neighborhood and provide help right away. In 1986, untrained volunteers saved more than 800 lives in the Mexico City earthquake. Unfortunately, at least 100 volunteers also died in the process. To ensure their community was better prepared in events like this, Los Angeles piloted the first CERT program in 1986, and many cities followed their lead. People of all ages can participate in a CERT program-there is even a teen program for adolescents. Local CERT trainers hold an annual training class and provide subsequent classes throughout the year to consolidate skills. CERT programs are useful on many different levels. Volunteers are trained to act as eyes and ears, locating trapped victims for uniformed emergency responders who arrive later. They learn to put out small fires, shut off equipment, rescue survivors and provide basic medical treatment. Volunteers also create disaster plans to evacuate families as well as collect and store disaster supplies such as water, food and first-aid kits. Working with professionals, a CERT team can help reduce injuries, loss of life and property damage. There are now CERT programs throughout the United States, and more than 600,000 people have trained as volunteers. Brazil, New Zealand and Turkey have similar programs. Citizens participate because they believe that everyone in a community has a role in disaster preparedness. By working competently as a team, CERT volunteers protect not only themselves but also the people around them when disasters occur. 4. According to the passage, when do CERT members usually provide assistance? A. Before those professional rescuers arrive. B. When uniformed emergency responders arrive. C. During the early stages of a disastrous event. D. Throughout the process of rescue in a disaster. 5. The word “pilot” in the second paragraph most probably means ________. A conduct B. imitate C. pass D. discuss 6. According to the passage, residents in the community in some countries are willing to be CERT volunteers because ________. A. they think each in the community is important in preventing and fighting against disaster B. they believe everyone in the community has the responsibility in a sudden natural disaster C. they think volunteers in the community can protect themselves and others in a disaster D. they believe they can help victims earlier and more effectively than professional ones 7. What would be the proper title for the passage? A. CERT and professional rescue teams are important B. CERT is a folk but helpful organization in America C. Ordinary people can save lives in a natural disaster D. Volunteers can effectively prevent a natural disaster 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社区应急响应小组（CERT）项目教平民如何为可能影响他们社区的危险做好准备。说明了CERT团队可以对社区产生巨大的影响，介绍了其积极作用以及人们对其的看法。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program teaches civilians how to prepare themselves for dangers that might affect their communities. Teams of volunteers are trained in basic skills such as fire safety and prevention, search and rescue, and first aid. After training, these volunteers can begin to provide immediate assistance in the consequence of disasters before professional rescuers arrive. (社区应急响应小组（CERT）项目教平民如何为可能影响他们社区的危险做好准备。志愿者队伍接受消防安全和预防、搜索和救援以及急救等基本技能的培训。经过培训，这些志愿者可以在专业救援人员到达之前，在灾难发生后立即提供援助)”可知，CERT成员通常在灾难中救援的整个过程提供帮助。故选D。 【5题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“the first CERT program in 1986, and many cities followed their lead(第一个CERT计划在1986年，许多城市跟随他们的领导)”可知，洛杉矶在1986年通过了第一个CERT计划，许多城市效仿他们的做法。故画线词意思是“通过”。故选C。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Citizens participate because they believe that everyone in a community has a role in disaster preparedness. By working competently as a team, CERT volunteers protect not only themselves but also the people around them when disasters occur.(公民参与是因为他们相信社区中的每个人都可以在备灾中发挥作用。通过作为一个团队称职地工作，CERT志愿者在灾难发生时不仅保护自己，还保护周围的人)”可知，一些国家的社区居民愿意成为CERT志愿者，因为他们认为社区中的每一个人在预防和抗击灾难方面都很重要。故选A。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program teaches civilians how to prepare themselves for dangers that might affect their communities. Teams of volunteers are trained in basic skills such as fire safety and prevention, search and rescue, and first aid. After training, these volunteers can begin to provide immediate assistance in the consequence of disasters before professional rescuers arrive. (社区应急响应小组（CERT）项目教平民如何为可能影响他们社区的危险做好准备。志愿者队伍接受消防安全和预防、搜索和救援以及急救等基本技能的培训。经过培训，这些志愿者可以在专业救援人员到达之前，在灾难发生后立即提供援助)”结合文章说明了CERT团队可以对社区产生巨大的影响，介绍了其积极作用以及人们对其的看法。可知，故C选项“普通人也能在自然灾害中拯救生命”最符合文章标题。故选C。 C When Eugenie George heard that her friend passed a financial counseling exam, at first her heart sank. She had failed the same test weeks earlier, and she needed the qualification to advance her career. “My inner child got upset,” recalled Ms. George, a financial writer and educator from Philadelphia. But then, instead of stewing, she called her friend. “I told her I failed and admitted I was jealous,” she said. Ms. George knew that being upfront would calm her envy, and she was surprised, when it shifted her attitude she could share her friend’s happiness, and experience her own, in turn.“I congratulated her and told her she inspired me.” Finding pleasure in another person’s good fortune is what social scientists call freudenfreude, a term(inspired by the German word for joy)that describes the happiness we feel when someone else succeeds, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. “Freudenfreude is like social glue,” said Catherine, a professor of psychology at Ursinus College. “It makes relationships closer and more enjoyable.” Erika Weiz, an empathy researcher and postdoctoral fellow in psychology at Harvard University, said the feeling closely resembles positive empathy— the ability to experience someone else’s positive emotions. A small 2024 study examined positive empathy’s role in daily life and found that it stimulates kind acts, like helping others. Sharing in someone else’s joy can also foster resilience (韧性), improve life satisfaction and help people cooperate during a conflict. However, freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily. In zero- sum situations, your loss might really sting, making freudenfreude feel out of reach. If you were raised in a family that paired winning with self- worth, Dr. Catherine said, you might misread someone else’s victory as a personal shortcoming. And factors like mental health and overall well- being can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy. Still, freudenfreude is worthwhile— and there are ways to encourage the feeling. 8. What does the underlined phrase “being upfront” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Hiding one’s true feelings. B. Honestly expressing one’s emotions. C. Always escaping from reality. D. Offering practical advice immediately. 9. Which of the following belongs to freudenfreude? A. You felt upset that your best friend lost a match. B. You felt happy that you defeated your opponent. C. You felt delighted that your classmate got a prize. D. You felt glad that you helped those weaker than you. 10. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The benefits of freudenfreude. B. The reasons for freudenfreude. C. The definition of freudenfreude. D. The factors affecting freudenfreude. 11. What might the author continue talking about? A. The importance of sharing others’ success. B. The way to seek more happiness in our life. C. The harm that freudenfreude may bring to us. D. The tips on how to experience freudenfreude. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了“乐他人之幸”这一概念，即当他人成功时，我们也能感受到快乐。心理学家指出这种情感能够增进人际关系，受竞争心态等因素影响可能难以产生，但是值得培养。 【8题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“I told her I failed and admitted I was jealous,” she said. Ms. George knew that being upfront would calm her envy(我告诉她我失败了，我承认我很嫉妒，”她说。George女士知道……会平息她的嫉妒心)可知，此处指的是Ms. George直接告诉朋友自己失败了，并且承认自己很嫉妒他人，因此此处表示Ms. George是直截了当地告诉朋友自己嫉妒”，即“坦诚地表达自己的情绪”。B选项“Honestly expressing one’s emotions. (坦诚地表达自己的情感)”与划线词意思相近。故选B项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Finding pleasure in another person’s good fortune is what social scientists call freudenfreude(从别人的好运中找到快乐，社会科学家称之为“freudenfreude”)”可知，从别人的好运中找到快乐即为“乐他人之幸”。C选项“You felt delighted that your classmate got a prize.(你很高兴你的同学得奖了)”符合题意。故选C项。 【10题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段的内容，特别是最后一句“Sharing in someone else’s joy can also foster resilience (韧性), improve life satisfaction and help people cooperate during a conflict.(分享别人的快乐也能培养韧性，提高生活满意度，帮助人们在冲突中合作)”可知，本段主要讲述的是“乐他人之幸”的好处。故选A项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“Still, freudenfreude is worthwhile— and there are ways to encourage the feeling.(不过，“乐他人之幸”是值得的——有方法可以鼓励这种感觉)”可知，“乐他人之幸”是有方法可以鼓励的，由此推断文章接下来可能会讲述如何体验“乐他人之幸”的具体方法而展开。D项“The tips on how to experience freudenfreude.(关于如何体验“乐他人之幸”的建议)”符合题意。故选D项。 D A new study gives all of us some extra motivation when it comes to getting outside and exercising: every day you manage to fit in an additional one-hour walk, you could be boosting your lifespan by an extra six hours. That’s the approximate benefit if you’ re currently in the 25 percent least active people in the US, according to fitness tracker data analyzed by a team led by researchers from Griffith University in Australia. If you’ re in the top 25 percent, an extra walk isn’t as much of a boost—you’ve already received most of the health benefits from exercise— but the study also highlights and quantifies some of the key benefits of an active life.“If all individuals were as active as the top 25 percent of the population, Americans over the age of 40 could live an extra 5.3 years on average,” write the researchers in their published paper. “It can be any type of exercise to reach that top quartile (四分位数) but would roughly be the equivalent of just about three hours of walking per day.” The team analyzed wearable activity data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) in the US, which recruits 5,000 volunteers a year. To calculate how changes in activity levels can influence mortality (死亡) risk, researchers referenced the NHANES results against a life-table model (where mortality rates are tracked at specific age points) and previous research into exercise and lifespan. In this particular study, data on 824 participants were excluded because they didn’t wear the trackers for long enough. Suggesting that exercise leads to a longer life is nothing new, but quantifying and simplifying the benefits can grab attention— whether it’s five minutes a day to reduce blood pressure or nine seconds a week to grow muscle. Now there’s a new target to aim for: an extra hour’s walk a day. If you find that too discouraging a prospect, remember that any amount of exercise makes a difference to health and well- being. 12. What does the new study find? A. Walking can cure some diseases effectively. B. Perhaps daily walking can extend our lifespan. C. Increasing exercise mostly benefits active people. D. The less active people must exercise an hour a day. 13. How much daily walking is roughly needed to reach the top 25% active group? A. Nine seconds. B. One hour. C. Three hours. D. Five hours. 14. What is the function of Paragraph 3? A. Giving the examples. B. Analyzing the data. C. Predicting the effect. D. Explaining the method. 15. Why does the author mention “nine seconds a week to grow muscle” in the last paragraph? A. To compare three different types of exercise. B. To emphasize the flexibility in setting exercise goals. C. To demonstrate the precision of modern exercise research. D. To highlight the advantage of walking over strength training. 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究发现，每天额外散步一小时可能会延长寿命。这一结论基于对美国国家健康和营养调查数据的分析。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段的关键信息“every day you manage to fit in an additional one-hour walk, you could be boosting your lifespan by an extra six hours (如果你每天能额外挤出一小时散步，你可能会让自己的寿命延长六个小时)”可知，新研究发现每天散步可能有助于延长寿命。故选B。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“‘It can be any type of exercise to reach that top quartile (四分位数) but would roughly be the equivalent of just about three hours of walking per day.’(要达到最活跃的四分之一人群的水平，可以是任何类型的锻炼，但大致相当于每天散步三小时。)”可知，为了达到最活跃的25%人群的水平，每天大概需要散步三小时。故选C。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“The team analyzed wearable activity data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) in the US, which recruits 5,000 volunteers a year. To calculate how changes in activity levels can influence mortality (死亡) risk, researchers referenced the NHANES results against a life-table model (where mortality rates are tracked at specific age points) and previous research into exercise and lifespan.(该研究团队分析了来自美国国家健康和营养调查(NHANES)的可穿戴设备活动数据，该调查每年招募5000名志愿者。为了计算活动水平的变化如何影响死亡风险，研究人员将NHANES的结果与生命表模型(在特定年龄点追踪死亡率)以及之前关于运动和寿命的研究进行了对照。)”可知，第三段详细解释了研究团队是如何进行研究的，包括数据来源、研究方法和参考的模型等。因此，第三段的作用是解释研究方法。故选D。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的关键信息“Suggesting that exercise leads to a longer life is nothing new, but quantifying and simplifying the benefits can grab attention— whether it’s five minutes a day to reduce blood pressure or nine seconds a week to grow muscle. Now there’s a new target to aim for: an extra hour’s walk a day. If you find that too discouraging a prospect, remember that any amount of exercise makes a difference to health and well-being.”(虽然运动能延长寿命的说法并不新鲜，但量化和简化这些益处能引起人们的注意——无论是每天五分钟降血压，还是每周九秒增肌。现在有了新的目标：每天额外散步一小时。如果你觉得这个目标太令人沮丧，那就记住，任何运动量都对健康有益。)可知，作者提到“每周九秒增肌”是为了强调设定锻炼目标的灵活性，即使每天不能达到额外的散步一小时，任何运动量都是有价值的。因此，选项B“To emphasize the flexibility in setting exercise goals.(为了强调设定锻炼目标的灵活性)”符合题意。故选B。 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 I started my Ph. D. studying species on a remote oceanic island, where I would be spending most of the next 3 years through rainforest to count vertebrates (无脊椎动物). Everyone attached to my project was over 5,000 kilometers away — and so were my friends, family, and entire support network. But I was confident in myself. ____16____ Despite my enthusiasm for my research and confidence in living there, loneliness soon set in. At times, I even couldn’t find the motivation to get into the field. ____17____ I hesitated to reach out to the locals, fearing socializing would distract me from my work or that the locals might not welcome an “outsider”. But I eventually realized that I had to. ____18____ One afternoon, after a long day in the field, I dropped in for a beer. Immediately, someone asked how long I had been working at the power station. I was confused, but then I realized I was wearing a work shirt bearing the company logo. We both had a laugh after I explained who I was and what I was doing.____19____ I ended up having that same introductory chat with many people over the next few weeks. Soon, each visit to the pub involved catching up with friends and talking about my research, which helped keep me motivated about my work. Connecting with the community helped with more than just my emotional well-being. When I needed help to build fences for my experiments, a new friend gladly assisted. ____20____ I don’t think I would have done it without him. Since finishing my Ph. D., I have moved twice for research positions. And each time I found myself in new communities, I remembered how reaching out to the local community during my Ph. D. helped me. A. My final step was to give gifts. B. We got them up with much less trouble. C. I was suffering from a sense of isolation. D. My first move was to visit the local pub. E. I told myself I could manage on my own. F. Some of them were still unforgettable years later. G. This shirt confusion became a great conversation starter. 【答案】16. E 17. C 18. D 19. G 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述一位博士生在偏远海岛进行研究时，通过融入当地社区克服孤独感，并顺利完成科研任务的经历。 【16题详解】 根据空前的“Everyone attached to my project was over 5,000 kilometers away — and so were my friends, family, and entire support network. But I was confident in myself. (与我的项目相关的所有人都在5000多公里之外——我的朋友、家人和整个支持网络也是如此。但我对自己很有信心)”可知，此处应体现作者相信自己能独自应对这种状况。E选项“I told myself I could manage on my own. (我告诉自己我能自己应付)”中的“manage on my own”与前文的“confident in myself”相呼应，符合语境。故选E项。 【17题详解】 根据空前的“Despite my enthusiasm for my research and confidence in living there, loneliness soon set in. At times, I even couldn’t find the motivation to get into the field. (尽管我对自己的研究充满热情，也有信心在那里生活，但孤独感很快袭来。有时，我甚至找不到进入研究现场的动力)”可知，此处应进一步说明作者的孤独状态。C选项“I was suffering from a sense of isolation. (我正遭受着孤独感的折磨)”中的“sense of isolation”与前文的“loneliness”相呼应，符合语境。故选C项。 【18题详解】 根据空后的“One afternoon, after a long day in the field, I dropped in for a beer. (一天下午，在野外工作了一整天后，我顺便去喝了杯啤酒)”可知，此处应说明作者为融入当地所采取的第一个行动是去当地酒吧。D选项“My first move was to visit the local pub. (我的第一个行动是去当地的酒吧)”中的“local pub”与空后内容相呼应，引出下文的具体经历，符合语境。故选D项。 【19题详解】 根据空前的“I was confused, but then I realized I was wearing a work shirt bearing the company logo. We both had a laugh after I explained who I was and what I was doing. (我很困惑，但后来我意识到我穿的是一件印有公司标志的工作衬衫。在我解释了我是谁以及我在做什么之后，我们都笑了)”可知，此处应说明这件衬衫引发的误会成为了聊天的好开端。G选项“This shirt confusion became a great conversation starter. (这件衬衫引发的误会成为了一个很好的聊天开端)”中的“shirt confusion”指代前文的经历，且与空后作者在接下来几周与很多人进行初次聊天的内容相衔接，符合语境。故选G项。 【20题详解】 根据空前的“When I needed help to build fences for my experiments, a new friend gladly assisted. (当我需要帮忙为实验搭建围栏时，一位新朋友欣然相助)”可知，此处应说明在朋友的帮助下，搭建围栏的过程更顺利。B选项“We got them up with much less trouble. (我们没费多少事就把它们搭建起来了)”中的“them”指代前文的“fences”，且承接了朋友帮忙这一内容，符合语境。故选B项。 第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Kasper Juul Eriksen, a Danish man living legally in Mississippi with his American wife and four kids, thought his immigration interview would be routine. Instead, he was detained (拘留) on the spot, caught off guard by a(n) ____21____ from a decade ago that neither he nor his wife knew about. Years earlier, a ____22____ immigration form hadn’t been filed properly. It wasn’t a (n) ____23____ act of deception (欺骗), just an overlooked mistake in a complex process. Still, it was enough to ____24____ his legal status and even turn the appointment into a crisis. Kasper had been to the U. S. as a student in 2009 and returned in 2013 to marry Savannah. Since then, he’d built a ____25____ life, holding a steady job, paying taxes on time, and raising his children in a small suburb far from the headlines. According to Savannah, he always tried to ____26____ every rule, however complex. Now, he’s held in a Louisiana facility with no ____27____ timeline for release. The family is overwhelmed — emotionally and financially. “We’re ____28____ another child,” Savannah said. “And now I have to ____29____ everything alone.” Friends have started raising funds to ____30____ legal costs. But experts say the process is slow and costly, with no ____31____ that past good behavior will help. “We followed the rules. We did everything in good ____32____,” said Savannah. But in a system where one form can destroy your future, good intentions may not ____33____ much. Now, as the legal fight goes on, the Eriksens can only ____34____. Their story has become a ____35____ of broader questions about fairness and what it means to follow the rules in America. 21. A. update B. outcome C. misstep D. breakdown 22. A. random B. necessary C. useful D. complete 23. A. intentional B. unconscious C. voluntary D. reasonable 24. A. acknowledge B. compromise C. establish D. maintain 25. A. quiet B. busy C. rich D. humble 26. A. come to B. refer to C. turn to D. stick to 27. A. loose B. strict C. legal D. clear 28. A. preparing B. abandoning C. expecting D. feeding 29. A. shoulder B. accept C. hold D. absorb 30. A. save B. cover C. afford D. control 31. A. fact B. concern C. certainty D. doubt 32. A. spirits B. faith C. humor D. shape 33. A. cost B. grow C. need D. count 34. A. wait B. battle C. rest D. stay 35. A. symptom B. signal C. symbol D. selection 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Kasper Juul Eriksen因多年前一个移民表格填写错误而被拘留，尽管他一直遵守规则，但这一错误仍对他的法律地位造成了影响，引发了关于公平和遵守规则的讨论。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，他当场被拘留，被十年前一个失误打了个措手不及，这个失误他和他妻子都不知道。A. update更新；B. outcome结果；C. misstep失误；D. breakdown故障。根据后文“It wasn’t a(n) ____ act of deception (欺骗), just an overlooked mistake in a complex process.”可知，那是十年前的一个的错误，是一次失误。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多年前，一份必要的移民表格没有正确提交。A. random随机的；B. necessary必要的；C. useful有用的；D. complete完整的。根据后文“immigration form hadn’t been filed properly”和“Still, it was enough to ____ his legal status and even turn the appointment into a crisis.”可知，这份移民表格影响Kasper的合法身份，导致他被拘留，说明它非常重要，是必要的。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这不是故意的欺骗行为，只是复杂过程中一个被忽视的错误。A. intentional故意的；B. unconscious无意识的；C. voluntary自愿的；D. reasonable合理的。根据后文“just an overlooked mistake in a complex process”可知，这不是故意的欺骗行为。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，这还是足以危及他的合法身份，甚至使这次预约变成了一场危机。A. acknowledge承认；B. compromise损害，危及；C. establish建立；D. maintain维持。根据前文“Instead, he was detained (拘留) on the spot”和后文“even turn the appointment into a crisis”可知，移民表格的错误导致Kasper被拘留，危及他的合法身份。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自那以后，他过上了平静的生活，有一份稳定的工作，按时纳税，并在远离头条新闻的小郊区抚养孩子。A. quiet平静的；B. busy忙碌的；C. rich富有的；D. humble谦逊的。根据后文“holding a steady job, paying taxes on time, and raising his children in a small suburb far from the headlines”可知，他过上了平静的生活。故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：据萨凡纳说，无论规则多么复杂，他总是努力遵守每一条规则。A. come to达到；B. refer to参考；C. turn to转向；D. stick to坚持，遵守。根据前文“paying taxes on time”和后文“every rule, however complex”可推知，他总是努力遵守每一条规则。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，他被关押在路易斯安那州的一个设施里，释放时间尚不清楚。A. loose宽松的；B. strict严格的；C. legal合法的；D. clear清楚的。根据前文“he’s held in a Louisiana facility with no...”和后文“But experts say the process is slow and costly”可推知，法律程序缓慢，所以Kasper的释放时间尚不清楚。故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们又怀了一个孩子，”萨凡纳说。A. preparing准备；B. abandoning放弃；C. expecting期待，怀孕；D. feeding喂养。根据后文“another child”可知，Savannah又怀了一个孩子。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在我得独自承担一切了。A. shoulder承担；B. accept接受；C. hold持有；D. absorb吸收。根据前文“Now, he’s held in a Louisiana facility with no ____ timeline for release.”和后文“everything alone”可知，Kasper的释放时间尚不清楚，所以Savannah要独自承担一切。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：朋友们已经开始筹集资金来支付法律费用。A. save节省；B. cover覆盖，支付；C. afford买得起；D. control控制。根据前文“Friends have started raising funds”和后文“legal costs”可知，朋友们筹钱是为了帮助他支付法律费用。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但专家表示，这个过程缓慢且昂贵，而且不能确定过去的良好行为会有所帮助。A. fact事实；B. concern关心；C. certainty确定性；D. doubt怀疑。根据前文“with no”和后文“that past good behavior will help”可知，指不能确定过去的良好行为是否会有所帮助。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们遵守了规则。我们本着一颗善良的心做了一切，”萨凡纳说。A. spirits精神；B. faith信念，善意；C. humor幽默；D. shape形状。根据前文“We did everything in good”和后文“good intentions”可推知，他们本着一颗善良的心做了一切；in good faith“真诚地，善意地”。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在一个一份表格就能毁掉你未来的系统中，善意可能并不重要。A. cost花费；B. grow生长；C. need需要；D. count重要。根据前文“But in a system where one form can destroy your future”可推知，在一个一张表格就可以毁掉个人未来的体制中，善意可能并不重要。故选D项。 34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，随着法律斗争的继续，埃里克森一家只能等待。A. wait等待；B. battle战斗；C. rest休息；D. stay停留。根据前文“Now, as the legal fight goes on”可知，法律斗争还在继续，他们一家只能等待。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的故事已经成为关于公平以及在美国遵守规则意味着什么的更广泛问题的象征。A. symptom症状；B. signal信号；C. symbol象征；D. selection选择。根据后文“of broader questions about fairness and what it means to follow the rules in America”可知，他们的故事已经成为更广泛问题的象征。故选C项。 第二节 (共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Common water plant could provide a green energy source. Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from duckweed, one of nature’s fastest-growing water plants. Transferring such plant oil into biodiesel (生物柴油) for transportation and ____36____ (heat) could be a big part of a more sustainable future. For a new study, researchers genetically engineered duckweed plants to produce seven times more oil per acre than soybeans. John Shanklin, a biochemist says further research could double the ____37____ (engineer) duckweed’s oil output in the next few years. Biofuels, which are distinct from fossil fuels ____38____ form underground, possess renewability whereas their consumption rate ____39____ (exceed) by regeneration speed. Lower carbon footprints compared to those produced by fossil fuels can be achieved by fuels sourced from both unused and recycled vegetable oils, animal fat, alongside seaweed sources. Nevertheless, negative perceptions have been increasingly directed toward them recently. This ____40____ (criticize) is partly attributed to the reality that substantial crop ____41____ (volume) are now diverted toward energy production instead of food supplies, while over 100 million acres of global agricultural land are occupied by biofuel cultivation. Duckweed, common on every continent but Antarctica, is among the world’s most productive plants and the researchers suggest it could be a game-changing renewable energy source for three key reasons. First, it grows ____42____ (ready) in water, so it wouldn’t compete with food crops for agricultural land. Second, duckweed can grow fast in agricultural pollution released into the water. Third, Shanklin and his team found a way to avoid a major biotechnological barrier. For ____43____ new study, Shanklin says, the researchers added an oil-producing gene, “turning it on like a light switch” ____44____ introducing a particular molecule only when the plant had finished growing. To expand production to industrial levels, scientists will need to design and produce large-scale bases for growing engineered plants and obtaining oil is a challenge. Shanklin says, _____45_____ duckweed is a non-mainstream crop without much existing infrastructure. 【答案】36. heating 37. engineered 38. that 39. is exceeded 40. criticism 41. volumes 42. readily 43. the 44. by 45. because 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家发现一种常见水生植物浮萍可提供绿色能源及原因。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：将这种植物油转化为用于运输和供暖的生物柴油，可能是更具可持续性的未来的重要组成部分。空处和transportation并列，作介词for的宾语，应用名词heating“供暖”。故填heating。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：生物化学家约翰·尚克林说，进一步的研究可能会在未来几年内使经过基因改造的浮萍的产油量增加一倍。空处修饰名词duckweed，作定语，engineer“改变……的基因”和duckweed为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填engineered。 【38题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：生物燃料不同于地下形成的化石燃料，它具有可再生性，而它们的再生速度快于它们的消耗速度。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词fossil fuels，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。 【39题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。空处为whereas后句子的谓语，根据possess可知，本句描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语consumption rate和exceed“超过”为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is exceeded。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：这种批评部分归因于这样一个事实，即大量农作物现在被转向能源生产，而不是食品供应，而全球超过1亿英亩的农业用地被生物燃料种植所占用。空处作主语，需填名词criticism“批评”。故填criticism。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意同上。本空为that引导的同位语从句的主语，用名词volume“量”，根据are可知，用复数形式。故填volumes。 【42题详解】 考查副词。句意：首先，它很容易在水中生长，所以不会与粮食作物争夺农业用地。空处修饰动词grows，应用副词readily“容易地”，作状语。故填readily。 【43题详解】 考查冠词。句意：尚克林说，对于这项新研究，研究人员添加了一个产油基因，“在植物停止生长时，像打开电灯开关一样启动它”，只引入一种特定的分子。此处特指上文提到的a new study，应用定冠词the。故填the。 【44题详解】 考查介词。句意同上。本空表示“通过”，应用介词by。故填by。 【45题详解】 考查连词。句意：尚克林说，因为浮萍是一种非主流作物，没有太多的现有基础设施。空处引导原因状语从句，需用because引导。故填because。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. “内卷”（involution）导致高中生学业上过度竞争。校刊英文专栏邀请你以“How to Deal with Academic Involution? ”为题撰稿。 内容包括： 1. 分析负面影响； 2. 提出解决方法。 注意：1. 写作词数应80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 How to Deal with Academic Involution? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 How to Deal with Academic Involution? Academic involution, characterized by excessive competition, harms students in multiple ways. It leads to long-term stress, sleep disorder, and less creativity, as students focus solely on grades rather than genuine learning. Moreover, it fosters anxiety and weakens social bonds, making school life unhealthy. To address this, students should prioritize balanced growth. Setting realistic goals and managing time efficiently can reduce pressure. Schools should emphasize whole-person education, encouraging extracurricular activities and collaboration over competition. Parents and teachers can also support mental well-being, valuing progress over perfection. Together, we can transform competition into motivation for meaningful development. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“How to Deal with Academic Involution? ”为题给校刊英文专栏撰稿，分析“内卷”的负面影响并提出解决方法。 【详解】1.词汇积累 过度的：excessive → extreme 导致：lead to → result in 优先考虑：prioritize → give priority to 转变：transform → convert 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Academic involution, characterized by excessive competition, harms students in multiple ways. 拓展句：Academic involution, which is characterized by excessive competition, harms students in multiple ways. 【点睛】[高分句型1] It leads to long-term stress, sleep disorder, and less creativity, as students focus solely on grades rather than genuine learning. (运用了从属连词as引导的原因状语从句) [高分句型2] Schools should emphasize whole-person education, encouraging extracurricular activities and collaboration over competition. (运用了现在分词作伴随状语) 第二节 (满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Lena was a 17-year-old girl who considered herself independent. For three years, her diary had been her only trusted friend. Every night, she would record everything in life — the math teacher’s blame, the broken relationship with deskmates, the crush (喜欢) on a boy, the stray dog, the leaking roof, even the way her mother talked to her. The cold war began after that night — when Mom opened her schoolbag without warning, stuff fell out onto the floor—a half-finished love poem, a present prepared for her deskmate, and her private drawing book. “What’re you doing on earth?” screamed Lena. “I just want to check and keep you safe!” Mom’s voice cracked, her hands shaking. “Safe? You just want to control me!” Lena cried, kicking the bag away. That night, Lena locked herself in her room, scribbling angry words into her diary: “This is my Privacy! I hate her! I’ll never forgive her!” For a week Lena wouldn’t speak to her mother. One rainy afternoon, Lena returned home to find her diary missing from its usual spot under the pillow. Panic set in. Did Mom take it? She stormed into the kitchen, where her mother was washing vegetables, hands trembling slightly. “Give it back!” Lena demanded. Mom wiped her hands slowly, avoiding eye contact. “The roof leaked. I was cleaning up the mess in your room when I found your notebook lying on the wet floor. I was drying it.” She pointed to the balcony, where the diary lay open under a hairdryer, pages fluttering. Lena’s heart sank. Her deepest secrets — complaints about Mom, crushes on classmates — were now exposed. She grabbed the diary and ran back to her room, tears blurring her vision. Flipping through the pages, she noticed something strange: every angry entry was marked with a tiny red sticker (贴纸)。 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Curious, Lena turned to the page where she wrote “I hate you!” and found unfamiliar handwriting. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That night, Lena tiptoed into her mother’s room, diary in hand. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Curious, Lena turned to the page where she wrote“I hate you!” and found unfamiliar handwriting. “Lena, I noticed you wrote this after our argument. I’m sorry for hurting you. — Mom” The words blurred as tears welled up. She wildly checked other marked pages — each had a brief response: encouragement after her exam failure，comfort when she mentioned loneliness, apologies for misunderstanding. Her chest ached with a strange warmth. The “invasion of privacy” was actually Mom’s silent way of staying connected. Guilty and grateful, Lena realized that it was time to walk through the door. That night, Lena tiptoed into her mother’s room, diary in hand. The door was left open. Moonlight revealed Mom sitting upright by the window. “Sorry, Mom. Did you...wait for me?” Lena burst into tears, sobbing, “It was my fault, Mom. I shouldn’t have written those bad words. I didn’t mean to...” “That’s alright! Parents forget their children need locked drawers just like they once did. “Mom interrupted Lena and promised,” I will never... “Lena stopped her mother, looking into her eyes with a smile,” I understand, Mom. “Touching the red stickers on her diary entries, Lena found they were the magic bandages mending the cracks between mother and daughter.” 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。17岁独立女孩Lena视日记为挚友。因妈妈擅自翻书包，母女冷战。后Lena发现日记不见，以为被妈妈拿了，质问后得知妈妈在帮她吹干被漏雨淋湿的日记，她发现日记里每篇生气的内容都被贴了小红贴纸。 【详解】1.段落续写 ①由第一段句首内容“好奇的是，Lena翻到她写“我恨你！”的那一页，发现了不熟悉的笔迹。”可知，第一段可描写Lena发现日记中妈妈的回应，从愤怒到理解的心理变化，意识到妈妈的爱。 ②由第二段句首内容“那天晚上，Lena手里拿着日记，蹑手蹑脚地走进妈妈的房间。”可知，第二段可描写Lena深夜找妈妈，母女俩的对话、动作与情感交流，以贴纸象征母女关系修复。 2.续写线索：发现贴纸回应——理解妈妈用心——深夜主动和解——母女温情对话——贴纸象征修复——关系重归亲密 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①检查：check/examine/go over ②道歉：apologize /say sorry /make an apology ③打断：interrupted/cut in 情绪类 ①内疚的：guilty/conscience-stricken ②感激的：grateful/thankful/appreciative 【点睛】【高分句型1】The words blurred as tears welled up. (运用了as引导的时间状语从句) 【高分句型2】Guilty and grateful, Lena realized that it was time to walk through the door. (运用了形容词短语作状语以及that引导的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $