Unit 2 单元语法知识过关讲练 2025-2026学年外研版（2024）八年英语上册

Unit 2 单元语法知识过关讲练 内容概况 1、语法知识讲解 · 继续学习现在完成时态的相关知识 2、过关练 · 单选选择 · 用所给单词的正确形式填空。 · 完成句子。 语法知识讲解 1. 复习现在完成时的基本用法。 现在完成时态最主要的两种用法： （1）表示动作在过去完成且对现在有影响或结果，常与时间状语如‌already、just、ever、never‌等连用。 例：Amy has already watched TV. 艾米已经看过电视了。‌ （2）表示动作/状态从过去持续到现在并可能继续，常与‌for + 时间段、since + 时间点‌等状语连用。 例：I have lived here for ten years. 我在这里住了十年。‌ 2. 复习现在完成时的基本结构 （1）肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他 例：She has finished her homework. 她已经完成了家庭作业。‌ （2）否定句：主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 动词过去分词 + 其他 例：I haven’t seen the movie yet. 我还没看过这部电影。‌ （3）一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他？ 回答：肯定 Yes, I have. /Yes, she has. ；否定 No, she hasn't. /No, I haven't. 例：—Have you eaten? 你吃了吗？ —Yes, I have. 是的，我吃了。 （4）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ 其他)? 例：Where has he gone? 他去哪儿了？‌ 3. 含for或since的现在完成时。 要表达某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在，此时常与“for+时间段”或“since+过去的时间点/从句”连用。 （1）“for+时间段”用在现在完成时中，表示谓语动词的动作已经持续了多长一段时间了。 例：They have lived in this city for 10 years. 他们在这座城市住了10年。 I have lived in Beijing for 5 years.我在北京住了5年了。 （2）“since+过去的时间点/从句”用在现在完成时中，表示谓语动词的动作自过去的某个时间点开始一直持续到现在。 例：I have known him since 2018.我从2018年就认识他了。 He has studied English since he was 6 years old.他从6岁就开始学英语了。 4. 现在完成时态中谓语动词的延续性 在含有现在完成时的肯定句中，与表示时间段的时间状语“for+时间段”或“since +过去的时间点或从句”连用的动词必须为延续性动词。否定句中非延续性动词也能与“for+时间段”或“since +过去的时间点或从句”连用。 例：She has lived here for 10 years.（正确，live是延续性动词，在肯定句中可和表示时间段 的时间状语连用。） They have worked since 2010.（正确，work是延续性动词，在肯定句中可和表示时间段 的时间状语连用。） He has left. （正确，left是非延续性动词，在肯定句中不能可和表示时间段的时间状语 连用。） He hasn’t left for 2 hours. （正确，在否定式中，可接时间段） He has left for 2 hours. （错误，在肯定式中，非延续性动词不可接时间段） 5. 非延续性动词的转换方法 当需表达“持续状态”时，需将非延续性动词改为延续性表达，常见转换方式如下： 非延续性动词 延续性表达 例句 come/go/arrive be in/at He has been in Beijing for a week. leave be away (from) She has been away for 3 days. buy have I have had this book for 2 years. borrow keep He has kept the book for a month. die be dead The old man has been dead for 5 years. join be a member of She has been a member since 2020. 过关练 一、单项选择 1．—Why are you looking for May in a hurry? —The boss is wondering where she ________ and how long she ________ there. A．has been; has been B．has gone; has gone C．has been; has gone D．has gone; has been 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你为什么急着找May？——老板想知道她去了哪里以及她在那里待了多久。 考查延续性动词和非延续性动词。has gone去了某地；has been去过某地。根据“The boss is wondering where she...and how long she...there.”可知，此处是宾语从句，由where引导，has gone作谓语，意为“去了哪里”，第二空，how long引导，has been作谓语，there作地点状语，意为“待了多久”，故选D。 2．—How long has Mr. White ________ Joan? —I am not sure. Maybe they got married five years ago. A．married B．got married to C．been married with D．been married to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——怀特先生和琼结婚多久了？——我不确定。可能他们五年前结的婚。   考查动词短语搭配。marry是及物动词，可直接接宾语；get married to表示结婚的动作；be married to表示结婚的状态。根据问句中的“how long”可知，此处询问的是持续的状态，且married后接宾语时需用介词to。故选D。 3．Henry’s grandfather ________ for many years, but Henry still misses him. A．died B．has died C．is dead D．has been dead 【答案】D 【详解】句意：亨利的祖父去世多年了，但亨利仍然想念他。 考查现在完成时的延续性用法。根据“for many years”可知，句子用现在完成时，且动词用延续性动词，die是短暂性动词，对应的延续性动词为be dead，主语是第三人称单数，因此此处现在完成时结构为has been dead。故选D。 4．—I borrowed this dictionary two weeks ago. —You mean you ________ it for only half a month. A．have kept B．have had C．have bought D．have taken 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我两周前借了这本词典。——你意思是说你只保留了半个月。 考查延续性与非延续性动词。根据“for only half a month.”可知，句子用现在完成时，且动词用延续性动词，排除C、D选项；结合“I borrowed this dictionary two weeks ago.”可知，此处是指保留了词典半个月，borrow的延续性动词是keep。故选A。 5．—Where is your father? —He ________ Beijing on business, and he will come back in three days. A．went to B．has been to C．has gone to D．goes to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你爸爸在哪里？——他去北京出差了，三天后回来。 考查动词的时态。根据“Where is your father?”以及“and he will come back in three days.”可知，此处指去了北京，还未回来，has gone to“去了”，表示“去了某地且未返回”，符合语境。故选C。 6．The government ________ a lot on the pollution problem since 2010. A．spent B．spends C．will spend D．has spent 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自2010年以来，政府在污染问题上花费很多。 考查动词时态。spent花费，过去式；spends一般现在时第三人称单数形式；will spend一般将来时；has spent现在完成时。根据时间状语“since 2010”可知，此处表示从过去持续到现在的动作，应使用现在完成时，故选D。 7．— Mr Green and Mrs Green ________ for thirty years. —Wow! No wonder they’ve made a lot of great memories together. A．have been married B．got married C．have got married D．will get married 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——格林夫妇结婚已经30年了。——哇！难怪他们在一起留下了很多美好的回忆。 考查动词时态。have been married已婚，表持续状态；got married结婚，表示过去的短暂动作；have got married错误表达；will get married将结婚，用于一般将来时。根据“for thirty years.”可知，空处需现在完成时，其结构为have/has+done，marry为短暂性动词，需变成延续性词be married，主语为复数，助动词用have。故选A。 8．Betty is a member of the chess club. She ________ chess since she was in primary school. A．play B．is playing C．has played D．will play 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Betty是国际象棋俱乐部的一员。她从小学开始就一直在下国际象棋。 考查动词时态。根据“since she was in primary school.”可知，这里是since+一般过去时的从句，主句用现在完成时have/has done的结构，故选C。 9．—Where is Linda? She isn’t at home. —Oh, she ________ to the supermarket. A．has been B．has gone C．will go 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——琳达在哪？她不在家。——哦，她去超市了。 考查时态。根据“She isn’t at home.”可知去了超市还没有回来，需用has gone to表达。故选B。 10．—How long has Robert ________?   —Since 2001. A．been to the USA B．become an engineer C．joined the reading club D．studied in that school 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——罗伯特在这所学校学习多久了？——自2001年以来。 考查延续性动词和非延续性动词。been to the USA去过美国，是非延续性动词短语；joined the reading club参加阅读俱乐部，是非延续性动词短语；become an engineer当工程师，是非延续性动词短语；studied in that school在那所学校学习，是延续性动词短语，根据 how long和since 2001可知问句问的是一个时间段，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，study是延续性动作，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。故选D。 11．We have lived in Beijing ________. A．since two years B．for two years ago C．two years ago D．since two years ago 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们在北京住了两年了。 考查现在完成时的时间状语。根据“We have lived in Beijing”可知句子是现在完成时，而且句中谓语动词是延续性动词。故选D。 12．She ________ English for three years. A．has been practised B．has practised C．practised D．is practising 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她已经练习英语三年了。 考查时态。根据“for three years”可知，此句应用现在完成时，主语She与谓语动词为主动关系，因此应用现在完成时的主动构成 have/has done，主语She为第三人称单数形式，因此应用助动词has。故选B。 13．The safety of new energy cars ________ a lot of attention since they were invented in the 19th century. A．was attracting B．will attract C．has attracted D．attracts 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自19世纪新能源汽车被发明以来，其安全性已经吸引了人们大量的关注。 考查动词时态。根据“since”可知，句子时态要用现在完成时，其基本结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语“The safety of new energy cars”是单数概念，助动词要用has。故选C。 14．—How many times ________ you ________ Beijing? —Twice. A．have; been to B．have; gone to C．did; go to D．are; going to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你去过北京多少次？——两次。 考查现在完成时。根据“How many times”和“Twice”可知，问句询问的是过去到现在为止去北京的次数，应该使用现在完成时。现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与“have/has + 过去分词”结构搭配使用。“have been to”表示曾经去过某地，现在已经回来了；“have gone to”表示已经去了某地，现在还在那里。根据句意，问的是去过北京的次数，应该使用“have been to”。故选A。 15．My sister has learned English ______. A．for twelve years ago B．since she was four C．twelve years ago D．at the age of four 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我姐姐学习英语已经12年了。 考查时间状语。for twelve years ago错误结构，要么把for去掉，要么把ago去掉；since she was four自从四岁时；twelve years ago12年前；at the age of four在四岁时。根据题干has learned可知应用现在完成时态，since+时间点，表示“自从⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅”，用于现在完成时。故选B。 16．My elder brother ________ as an engineer in the company for over 5 years. A．works B．will work C．is working D．has worked 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我哥哥在这家公司当工程师已经5年多了。 考查时态。根据“for over 5 years”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done。故选D。 17．It ________ five years since I came to the city after finishing high school. A．was B．have been C．has been D．had been 【答案】C 【详解】句意：高中毕业后来到这座城市已经五年了。 考查现在完成时。根据“since I came...”可知，主句的时态为现在完成时，其结构为have/has+过去分词，主语是it，助动词用has，be动词的过去分词为been。故选C。 18．Which of the following is right? A．I have had this book since a week. B．It has been a long time since I last met him. C．I have left Shanghai for three years. D．He has kept this book three days ago. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：以下哪一项是正确的？ 考查现在完成时。A选项中，since后加过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子，因此句子错误；C选项是“for+一段时间”，动词应用延续性动词，leave是短暂性动词，因此句子错误；D选项中“three days ago”不与现在完成时连用，因此句子错误。只有B选项表述正确。故选B。 19．Jenny is now busy doing shopping in New York. She _________ for a week. A．has gone B．has come C．has been away D．has left 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Jenny现在正忙于在纽约购物。她离开已经有一周了。 考查现在完成时。has gone已经去了（某地）；has come已经到来；has been away已经离开，延续性动词；has left已经离开，非延续性动词。根据“Jenny is now busy doing shopping in New York.”可知，她现在不在这里，说明她已经离开了，根据“for a week”可知谓语动词应用延续性动词be away表示“离开”的状态。故选C。 20．Miss Li ________ in Shenyang since she ________ school. A．has worked, has left B．worked, left C．worked, has left D．has worked, left 【答案】D 【详解】句意：李老师从学校毕业后就在沈阳工作。 考查时态。根据“Miss Li...in Shenyang since she...school”可知自从离开学校就在沈阳工作，主句用现在完成时have/has done；从句用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选D。 21．We have been good friends ________. A．last year B．since we met last year C．one year ago D．when we met last year 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自从去年见面以来，我们一直是好朋友。 考查现在完成时。根据“have been”可知，主句时态为现在完成时，因此应与since引导的时间状语从句连用。故选B。 22．—Where is Miss Smith, Jenny? —She ________ her company for an important meeting. She left half an hour ago. A．has gone to B．has been to C．is going to D．goes to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——珍妮，史密斯小姐在哪里？——她去公司参加一个重要的会议。她半个小时前就离开了。 考查现在完成时。has gone to去了某地；has been to去过某地；is going to将要；goes to到……去。根据“She left half an hour ago.”可知，她半个小时前就离开了，说明此时人不在这里，应用have gone to表示“去了某地（人还没回来）”。故选A。 23．He ________ with us since he returned last month. A．has lived B．lived C．had lived D．lives 【答案】A 【详解】句意：自从他上个月回来以来，他一直和我们住在一起。 考查现在完成时。has lived现在完成时；lived一般过去时；had lived过去完成时；lives一般现在时。根据“since he returned last month.”可知，这里用现在完成时。故选A。 24．Mr. Dong ________ actually ________ in Kowloon Walled City since he was very young. A．have; lived B．has; lived C．have; live D．has; living 【答案】B 【详解】句意：董先生其实从小就住在九龙寨城。 考查现在完成时。根据“since he was very young”可知，此句应用现在完成时，构成为have/ has done，主语“Mr. Dong”为第三人称单数形式，因此用has，live“居住”，过去分词形式为lived。故选B。 二、单词拼写 25．I never (see) a star-shaped building like this. 【答案】have seen 【详解】句意：我从未见过这样的星形建筑。根据句意并结合“never ”可知用现在完成时，主语“I”故助动词用have，see的过去分词为seen。故填have seen。 26．He moved to Shanghai, and I (not see) him since last year. 【答案】haven’t seen 【详解】句意：他搬到上海去了，从去年起我就没见过他。see“看见”，根据“since last year”可知，此处用现在完成时have done，主语I是第一人称单数，谓语用have seen。故填haven’t seen。 27．—Do you know anything about the Belt and Road Initiative? —Yes, it (be) over 10 years since it started. 【答案】has been 【详解】句意：——你知道“一带一路”倡议吗？——知道，它自从开始以来已超过10年了。根据“since it started”可知，时态用现在完成时have/has done，主语是it，助动词用has。故填has been。 28．He (be) a volunteer for two years. He has helped many people. 【答案】has been 【详解】句意：他当志愿者已经两年了。他帮助了许多人。此空在句子中作谓语，表示从过去持续到现在的动作，使用现在完成时，主语为单数，所以助动词为has，be的过去分词为been。故填has been。 29．My pet dog (bring) me a lot of joy since I got it. 【答案】has brought 【详解】句意：自从我养了我的宠物狗，它给我带来了很多快乐。bring“带来”，动词；时间状语“since I got it”表明主句动作从过去持续到现在，需使用现在完成时，主语“My pet dog”为第三人称单数，谓语结构用has done，bring的过去分词为brought。故填has brought。 30．Millions of people (lay) off in the steel industry since 2000. 【答案】have laid 【详解】句意：自2000年以来，钢铁行业已有数百万人下岗。根据“since 2000”可知，此处用现在完成时have/has done的结构，主语是复数形式，助动词用have，故填have laid。 31．We are tired out now because we (ride) the bike for such a long time. 【答案】have ridden 【详解】句意：我们现在精疲力尽，因为我们骑了这么长时间的自行车。根据“for such a long time”可知用现在完成时have/has done，主语是we，助动词用have，动词ride“骑，乘”过去分词为ridden，故填have ridden。 32．Many schools (build) since 5 years ago. 【答案】have been built 【详解】句意：自从五年前以来，已经建了许多学校。根据“since 5 years ago”可知，句子是现在完成时，动词应用have/has done结构，主语“Many schools”是复数形式且表示物，所以助动词用have，且要用被动语态。故填have been built。 33．Yongzhou (be) famous for snakes for more than one thousand years. 【答案】has been 【详解】句意：永州以蛇闻名已超过一千年。根据“for more than one thousand years.”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done，主语是Yongzhou，助动词用has。故填has been。 34．The football players (train) for a month and now they are ready for the game. 【答案】have trained 【详解】句意：足球运动员训练了一个月，现在他们为比赛做好了准备。根据“for a month”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，主语为players为复数，结构为have done。故填have trained。 35．Victor Hugo (die) for over 200 years, but people all over the world still remember him and love reading his great works. 【答案】has been dead 【详解】句意：维克多·雨果已经去世200多年了，但全世界的人们仍然记得他，并喜欢阅读他的伟大作品。根据“for over 200 years”可知句子用现在完成时，谓语动作需要延续性动词be dead，主语是名词单数，助动词用has。故填has been dead。 36．Look at the butterfly lying there, maybe it has been (die) for two days. 【答案】dead 【详解】句意：看看躺在那里的蝴蝶，也许它已经死了两天了。根据“for two days”可知，此处时态是现在完成时，用die的延续性动词be dead。故填dead。 37．Jane (have) this bike for three years. It was a gift from her uncle. 【答案】has had 【详解】句意：简已经拥有这辆自行车三年了。这是她叔叔送的礼物。根据“for three years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，结构是：have/has+动词过去分词，主语Jane表示单数，助动词应用has，动词have“有”应变成过去分词had。故填has had。 38．—Where have you been recently? I (not see) you for a long time. —Oh, I went to Nanjing last month and visited Zhongshan Mausoleum (中山陵). 【答案】haven’t seen 【详解】句意：——你最近去哪儿了？我好久没见到你了  ——哦，我上个月去了南京，参观了中山陵。根据“recently”和“for a long time”，可知此处需使用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done。故填haven’t seen。 39．Look at the butterfly lying there, maybe it has been (die) for a few hours. 【答案】dead 【详解】句意：看那只躺在那里的蝴蝶，也许它已经死了几个小时了。根据“for a few hours”可知，空处应用延续性动词，die的延续性动词是be dead，故填dead。 40．He (study) Chinese for two months. 【答案】has studied 【详解】句意：他学习中文已经两个月了。根据“for two months”可知，此处应使用现在完成时，主语是he，助动词用has。故填has studied。 三、完成句子 41．自从两千多年前，诗歌就已经是中国文化的一部分了。 Poetry part of Chinese culture more than two thousand years ago. 【答案】 has been since 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，前两空缺少了“已经成为”，英文表达为be，时态为现在完成时，结构为has/have done，poetry作主语，助动词用has，be的过去分词为been，第三空缺少了“自从”，英文表达为since。故填has；been；since。 42．他已经离开我们的家乡一个月了。 He away from our hometown a month. 【答案】 has been for 【详解】根据中英文对照，空格处缺“已经离开”以及“（持续）……（时间）”相关表达。“离开（某地，表持续状态）”用“be away from”，结合“已经”可知句子用现在完成时，主语“He”是第三人称单数，所以“be”变为“has been”；“for+时间段”表示动作持续的时间，“a month”是时间段，所以用“for”。故填has；been；for。 43．我表弟这周一就已经回来了。 My cousin has already since this Monday. 【答案】 been back 【详解】中英对照可知，空处意为“回来了”，根据“since this Monday”可知，本句是现在完成时，其结构是“have/has+过去分词”，且动词用延续性动词，be back意为“回来”，be的过去分词为been，故填been；back。 44．自从莉莉和她的丈夫去了天津，我们彼此就再也没见过面。 We each other Lily went to Tianjin with her husband. 【答案】 haven’t seen since 【详解】对照中英文可知，缺少“再也没见过面”和“自从”。“自从”用since，引导时间状语从句，主句时态用现在完成时，结构为have/has done。主语为“We”，助动词用have。“再也没”表示否定，用not，与have缩写为haven’t。“见面”用动词see，过去分词为seen。故填haven’t；seen；since。 45．那部精彩的电影已经结束大约三个半小时了。 The wonderful film for about three and a half hours. 【答案】 has been over 【详解】根据中英文提示可知，此处要表达“已经结束”，电影结束这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，要用现在完成时。“结束”可以用be over。主语“The wonderful film”是第三人称单数，现在完成时的结构是has+过去分词，be的过去分词是been。故填has；been；over。 46．那个人不可能是王老师，他去武汉开会了。 That man can’t be Mr. Wang, he Wuhan for a meeting. 【答案】has gone to 【详解】分析所给中英文可知要翻译的是“去”。“go”对应的英文是“go”，此处表示“已经去了且没有回”。应用现在完成时中have/has gone to的结构。主语是“he”，故助动词用has。故填has gone to。 47．吴先生已经离开家乡五年了。 Mr Wu his hometown for five years. 【答案】 has been away from 【详解】根据中英文对照，空格处缺“已经离开”的英语翻译， 由“for five years”可知，对应现在完成时态，表示持续状态，用延续性动词。be away from“离开”，主语Mr Wu为第三人称单数，故助动词用has，构成现在完成时“has been away from”。故填has；been；away；from。 48．自从大学毕业，我通过电子邮件和我的老师保持联系。 I touch with my teachers by e-mail since I graduated from college. 【答案】 have kept in 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“保持联系”，对应的固定短语为“keep in touch”。根据时间状语“since I graduated from college”可知，句子时态用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done；主语“I”后接助动词have，keep的过去分词形式为kept。故填have；kept；in。 49．Tom has known me for ten years. (改为同义句) Tom has known me ten years . 【答案】 since ago 【详解】句意：汤姆认识我已经十年了。根据“for ten years”可知表示时间段也可以用“since+时间点”来替换，故此处可改为since ten years ago。故填since；ago。 50．他们结婚已经5年了。 They have for five years. 【答案】 been married 【详解】根据中英文对照，空格处缺“结婚”。“结婚”是“marry”，但此处是现在完成时，且与“for five years”连用，要用延续性动词短语“be married”，其现在完成时形式是“have been married”。故填been；married。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 单元语法知识过关讲练 内容概况 1、语法知识讲解 · 继续学习现在完成时态的相关知识 2、过关练 · 单选选择 · 用所给单词的正确形式填空。 · 完成句子。 语法知识讲解 1. 复习现在完成时的基本用法。 现在完成时态最主要的两种用法： （1）表示动作在过去完成且对现在有影响或结果，常与时间状语如‌already、just、ever、never‌等连用。 例：Amy has already watched TV. 艾米已经看过电视了。‌ （2）表示动作/状态从过去持续到现在并可能继续，常与‌for + 时间段、since + 时间点‌等状语连用。 例：I have lived here for ten years. 我在这里住了十年。‌ 2. 复习现在完成时的基本结构 （1）肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他 例：She has finished her homework. 她已经完成了家庭作业。‌ （2）否定句：主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 动词过去分词 + 其他 例：I haven’t seen the movie yet. 我还没看过这部电影。‌ （3）一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他？ 回答：肯定 Yes, I have. /Yes, she has. ；否定 No, she hasn't. /No, I haven't. 例：—Have you eaten? 你吃了吗？ —Yes, I have. 是的，我吃了。 （4）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ 其他)? 例：Where has he gone? 他去哪儿了？‌ 3. 含for或since的现在完成时。 要表达某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在，此时常与“for+时间段”或“since+过去的时间点/从句”连用。 （1）“for+时间段”用在现在完成时中，表示谓语动词的动作已经持续了多长一段时间了。 例：They have lived in this city for 10 years. 他们在这座城市住了10年。 I have lived in Beijing for 5 years.我在北京住了5年了。 （2）“since+过去的时间点/从句”用在现在完成时中，表示谓语动词的动作自过去的某个时间点开始一直持续到现在。 例：I have known him since 2018.我从2018年就认识他了。 He has studied English since he was 6 years old.他从6岁就开始学英语了。 4. 现在完成时态中谓语动词的延续性 在含有现在完成时的肯定句中，与表示时间段的时间状语“for+时间段”或“since +过去的时间点或从句”连用的动词必须为延续性动词。否定句中非延续性动词也能与“for+时间段”或“since +过去的时间点或从句”连用。 例：She has lived here for 10 years.（正确，live是延续性动词，在肯定句中可和表示时间段 的时间状语连用。） They have worked since 2010.（正确，work是延续性动词，在肯定句中可和表示时间段 的时间状语连用。） He has left. （正确，left是非延续性动词，在肯定句中不能可和表示时间段的时间状语 连用。） He hasn’t left for 2 hours. （正确，在否定式中，可接时间段） He has left for 2 hours. （错误，在肯定式中，非延续性动词不可接时间段） 5. 非延续性动词的转换方法 当需表达“持续状态”时，需将非延续性动词改为延续性表达，常见转换方式如下： 非延续性动词 延续性表达 例句 come/go/arrive be in/at He has been in Beijing for a week. leave be away (from) She has been away for 3 days. buy have I have had this book for 2 years. borrow keep He has kept the book for a month. die be dead The old man has been dead for 5 years. join be a member of She has been a member since 2020. 过关练 一、单项选择 1．—Why are you looking for May in a hurry? —The boss is wondering where she ________ and how long she ________ there. A．has been; has been B．has gone; has gone C．has been; has gone D．has gone; has been 2．—How long has Mr. White ________ Joan? —I am not sure. Maybe they got married five years ago. A．married B．got married to C．been married with D．been married to 3．Henry’s grandfather ________ for many years, but Henry still misses him. A．died B．has died C．is dead D．has been dead 4．—I borrowed this dictionary two weeks ago. —You mean you ________ it for only half a month. A．have kept B．have had C．have bought D．have taken 5．—Where is your father? —He ________ Beijing on business, and he will come back in three days. A．went to B．has been to C．has gone to D．goes to 6．The government ________ a lot on the pollution problem since 2010. A．spent B．spends C．will spend D．has spent 7．— Mr Green and Mrs Green ________ for thirty years. —Wow! No wonder they’ve made a lot of great memories together. A．have been married B．got married C．have got married D．will get married 8．Betty is a member of the chess club. She ________ chess since she was in primary school. A．play B．is playing C．has played D．will play 9．—Where is Linda? She isn’t at home. —Oh, she ________ to the supermarket. A．has been B．has gone C．will go 10．—How long has Robert ________?   —Since 2001. A．been to the USA B．become an engineer C．joined the reading club D．studied in that school 11．We have lived in Beijing ________. A．since two years B．for two years ago C．two years ago D．since two years ago 12．She ________ English for three years. A．has been practised B．has practised C．practised D．is practising 13．The safety of new energy cars ________ a lot of attention since they were invented in the 19th century. A．was attracting B．will attract C．has attracted D．attracts 14．—How many times ________ you ________ Beijing? —Twice. A．have; been to B．have; gone to C．did; go to D．are; going to 15．My sister has learned English ______. A．for twelve years ago B．since she was four C．twelve years ago D．at the age of four 16．My elder brother ________ as an engineer in the company for over 5 years. A．works B．will work C．is working D．has worked 17．It ________ five years since I came to the city after finishing high school. A．was B．have been C．has been D．had been 18．Which of the following is right? A．I have had this book since a week. B．It has been a long time since I last met him. C．I have left Shanghai for three years. D．He has kept this book three days ago. 19．Jenny is now busy doing shopping in New York. She _________ for a week. A．has gone B．has come C．has been away D．has left 20．Miss Li ________ in Shenyang since she ________ school. A．has worked, has left B．worked, left C．worked, has left D．has worked, left 21．We have been good friends ________. A．last year B．since we met last year C．one year ago D．when we met last year 22．—Where is Miss Smith, Jenny? —She ________ her company for an important meeting. She left half an hour ago. A．has gone to B．has been to C．is going to D．goes to 23．He ________ with us since he returned last month. A．has lived B．lived C．had lived D．lives 24．Mr. Dong ________ actually ________ in Kowloon Walled City since he was very young. A．have; lived B．has; lived C．have; live D．has; living 二、单词拼写 25．I never (see) a star-shaped building like this. 26．He moved to Shanghai, and I (not see) him since last year. 27．—Do you know anything about the Belt and Road Initiative? —Yes, it (be) over 10 years since it started. 28．He (be) a volunteer for two years. He has helped many people. 29．My pet dog (bring) me a lot of joy since I got it. 30．Millions of people (lay) off in the steel industry since 2000. 31．We are tired out now because we (ride) the bike for such a long time. 32．Many schools (build) since 5 years ago. 33．Yongzhou (be) famous for snakes for more than one thousand years. 34．The football players (train) for a month and now they are ready for the game. 35．Victor Hugo (die) for over 200 years, but people all over the world still remember him and love reading his great works. 36．Look at the butterfly lying there, maybe it has been (die) for two days. 37．Jane (have) this bike for three years. It was a gift from her uncle. 38．—Where have you been recently? I (not see) you for a long time. —Oh, I went to Nanjing last month and visited Zhongshan Mausoleum (中山陵). 39．Look at the butterfly lying there, maybe it has been (die) for a few hours. 40．He (study) Chinese for two months. 三、完成句子 41．自从两千多年前，诗歌就已经是中国文化的一部分了。 Poetry part of Chinese culture more than two thousand years ago. 42．他已经离开我们的家乡一个月了。 He away from our hometown a month. 43．我表弟这周一就已经回来了。 My cousin has already since this Monday. 44．自从莉莉和她的丈夫去了天津，我们彼此就再也没见过面。 We each other Lily went to Tianjin with her husband. 45．那部精彩的电影已经结束大约三个半小时了。 The wonderful film for about three and a half hours. 46．那个人不可能是王老师，他去武汉开会了。 That man can’t be Mr. Wang, he Wuhan for a meeting. 47．吴先生已经离开家乡五年了。 Mr Wu his hometown for five years. 48．自从大学毕业，我通过电子邮件和我的老师保持联系。 I touch with my teachers by e-mail since I graduated from college. 49．Tom has known me for ten years. (改为同义句) Tom has known me ten years . 50．他们结婚已经5年了。 They have for five years. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $