Unit 1 Science Fiction Words and Expressions Vocabulary 词汇课件 -2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION Words and Expressions What is science fiction? Science fiction (科幻小说), abbreviation SF or sci-fi, is imaginative and futuristic concepts. It has been called the “literature of ideas” and it often explores the potential consequences of scientific, social, and technological innovations. When it comes to science fiction, what do you usually think of? dinosaurs AI and robots aliens外星人 super power The themes often include space exploration, alien contact, AI, time travel, parallel universes, and the future of humans, etc. Science fictions often contain scientific devices (设备) that we do not have now, and technologies that seem impossible, such as time travel. The characters may have bodies, cultures, and backgrounds that are very different than our own. 2 Today’s science fiction is tomorrow’s science fact. 今天的科幻小说就是明天的科学事实。 Do you agree with him? Why or why not? novel n. （长篇）小说 adj. 新颖的; 与众不同的 1)The robot seemed more like a human than a machine. 2) I think he is more like his mother. absurd adj. 荒唐的；可笑的 I look ridiculous in this hat. a man of integrity 正直的人 with dignity 有尊严地 wage n. （小时/天/周）工资 make/have/fix an appointment with sb. 与某人约会/预约/约定时间 appoint v.任命;约定 appoint sb.to be/as... 任命某人为…… appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事 at the appointed time 在指定时间 nail sth down (1) （用钉子）将…钉牢，将…固定 (2) 达成一致；作出决定 •All the parties seem anxious to nail down a ceasefire.  各方面似乎都渴望将停火之事敲定。 feel guilty about 对……感到内疚 be guilty of... 犯……罪 比较级: guiltier, guiltiest guiltily adv.内疚地 guilt n. 内疚；自责；犯罪 I felt guilty about not visiting my parents more often. 我因没有常去看望父母而感到内疚。 They were found guilty of murder. 他们被判谋杀罪成立。 suspend sb (from sth) 使暂时停职（或停学等） dismiss sb. from... 解雇 dismiss fears/doubts from one's mind 消除心中的恐惧/疑虑  近义词：fire解雇；开除 ❶He was dismissed from his job for incompetence. 他因为不称职而被解雇了。 ❷ The class was dismissed early today. 今天这个班级提早放学。 declare (that).. 宣布/宣称…… declare war on... 向……宣战 declare sb/sth (to be)… 宣布某人/某物为… The government has declared a state of emergency. 政府已宣布进入紧急状态。 Germany declared war on France on 1 August 1914. 德国在1914年8月1日向法国宣战。 The court declared that strike action was illegal. 法庭宣判罢工为非法。 The area has been declared a national park. 该地区已宣布为国家公园。 The painting was declared to be a forgery. 这幅画被判定为赝品。 The contract was declared void. 这份合同被宣布无效。 Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not. 有一些研究结果令人满意，然而其他的则不然。 同义词： however、while、nevertheless、but、yet presumption [prɪˈzʌmpʃn] n. 假设; 假定 assume [əˈsjuːm] vt. & vi. 设想; 假定; 认为 basis n.原因；缘由；基准；准则；方式 She was chosen for the job on the basis of her qualifications. 她因资历适合而获选担任这项工作。 Some videos have been banned on the basis that they are too violent. 有些录像带因暴力镜头过多而被查禁。 on a regular/permanent/temporary basis 以定期/永久/临时性的方式 basic adj. 基本的 base vt. & n.以…为据点；根基；底座；基地；总部 calculator n.计算器 an alien environment an alien culture We weighed up the pros and cons. Technology has both its pros and cons. He always looks so superior. 他总是显得那么有优越感。 Finch gave a superior smile. 芬奇富有优越感地一笑。 This model is technically superior to its competitors. 这一款式在技术上超过了与之竞争的产品。 陌生的环境 异族文化 我们权衡了利弊得失。 科技有利也有弊。 be inferior to 比……低级 I'm going to take over the company one day. 我总有一天会接管这家公司。 In sci-fi stories, robots often become superior and take over. take up / take off / take on I won't take up any more of your time. He left a career in teaching to take up a position with the NEH. It is not difficult to take up a new career in midlife. You can take off your coats. The accident happened as the jet was about to take off. Her singing career took off after her TV appearance. I don't feel ready to take on new responsibilities. take up 拿起；开始从事；占据（时间，地方） take off 起飞；脱下；拿走；突然成功 take on 承担； 占据（时间，地方） 担任 开始从事 脱下 起飞 迅速发展 承担 conflict vi. (思想、信仰、说法等)冲突，抵触　 n．冲突；争执；矛盾；不一致 These results conflict with earlier findings. 这些结果与早期的发现相矛盾。 Many of these rules appear to be in conflict with each other. 这些规则中有许多看上去似乎是相互矛盾的。 翻译：他往退后了一步。 He took a step backwards. forward adv. 往前；向前 She leaned forward and kissed him on the cheek. 她倾身向前，吻了他的面颊。 to fetch help/a doctor 去请人帮助；去请医生 fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 翻译：你能帮我去拿我的伞吗？ Can you fetch me my umbrella? = Can you fetch my umbrella for me? Remember to turn out the lights when you go to bed. It turned out that his brother died of a heart attack. No one could have foreseen (that) things would turn out this way. turn up turn down 调大；出现 调小；拒绝 nephew n.侄子；外甥 关掉 结果是 结果是 keep pace with sth./sb. 与某物/某人步伐一致，并驾齐驱 She walks so fast that I can't keep pace with her. 她走得如此快，我跟不上她。 at a/an...pace 以……的速度 We encourage all students to work at their own pace. 我们鼓励学生都按自己的节奏学习。 All his old friends fall away from him. 他所有的老朋友都远离了他。 If you take this medicine, all your pains and aches will fall away. 你服下这个药，一切疼痛就会消失。 urge sb. to do sth urge that...(should) do sth. 极力主张；强调…… It is urged that...(should) do sth. 坚决要求…… urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的 urgency n. 紧迫；急事 ❶Our teacher urges us to study hard with the College Entrance Examination drawing near. 随着高考的临近，老师敦促我们努力学习。 ❷It is strongly urged by students that the library (should) be kept open during the weekend. 学生们极力主张图书馆周末也开放。 ❸It's of great urgency that we need to make the relative laws with the rapid growth of online shopping. 随着网上购物的迅速发展，我们急需制定相关的法律。 explosion n.爆炸，爆破 Do you know who he is? What’s the relationship between Isaac Asimov and robots? Isaac Asimov Law One: A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. Law Two: A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. Law Three: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws. Isaac Asimov is an American scientist and author, who wrote science fiction, proposed three Laws of Robotics (in the 1940's): Do you know his famous predictions in 1983? Read them and state your opinions. Prediction 1: “Computerisation (计算机化) will undoubtedly continue onward inevitably. Computers have already made themselves essential to the governments of the industrial nations, and to world industry: and it is now beginning to make itself comfortable in the home.” Prediction 2: “With the shuttle rocket as the vehicle, we will build a space station and lay the foundation for making space a permanent home for increasing numbers of human beings. By 2019, we will be back on the moon in force (大批地,大规模地; 生效).” Are you looking forward to living in the future/ science fiction world? Why or why not? 43_Words and Expressions in Unit 1 人民教育电子音像出版社 普通高中教科书 英语 选择性必修 第四册 371463.53 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①I ______________ (appoint) as head of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) 20 years ago. ②They appointed him _____ chairman. ③They appointed him ___________ (catch) all the rats. ④Do you have an appointment ___________ the dentist? ⑤We've made ____ appointment with them to meet at the gate of the museum. [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①Jones won the match and ___________ (declare) the winner. ②In September 1939, Britain declared war ______ Germany after Germany invaded Poland. $