Unit 1 Science and Scientists Words and Expressions 词汇课件 -2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 Science and Scientists Words and Expressions 1 1.cholera /ˈkɒlərə/ n. 霍乱 2. diarrhoea /ˌdaɪəˈrɪə/ n.腹泻 3. dehydration /ˌdiːhaɪˈdreɪʃn/ n.脱水 symptom n. 症状 2 4. severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj.极为恶劣的;严厉的;苛刻的 be severe on/with sb./sth 对……严厉 be severe with oneself 严于律己 severely adv. 很严重地; 极为恶劣地 His injuries are severe. She was a severe woman who seldom smiled. severe weather conditions The courts are becoming more severe on young offenders. 法庭对青少年犯罪者的处罚趋于严厉。 近义短语： be hard on sb.对某人严格、苛刻 be strict with sb.对某人严格 3 5. frustrated /frʌˈstreɪtɪd/ adj. 懊恼的，沮丧的，失意的 be frustrated at/with sth. 对…感到懊恼/沮丧 They felt frustrated at the lack of progress. 没有进展，他们感到懊丧。 frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的 frustrate vt. 挫败，阻挠，使感到灰心 What frustrates him is that there's too little money to spend on the project. 使他懊恼的是，可用于这个项目的资金太少。 frustration n. 懊恼，沮丧 ，令人懊恼的事物 5 6. contradictory adj.互相矛盾的；互相对立的 be contradictory to… 与……矛盾、相反 His remark was contradictory to the truth. contradict v. 反驳; 与……相矛盾 contradiction n. 抵触; 矛盾; 矛盾的说法 8 7. infect v. 传染; 使感染, 使感染(某种感情); 影响 be infected with 感染上……, 传染上…… infection n. 感染; 传染 infectious adj. 传染性的 people infected with Covid-19 感染了新冠肺炎的人 People with the virus may feel perfectly well, but they can still infect others. Lucy’s enthusiasm soon infected the rest of the class. 9 7. subscribe /səbˈskraɪb/ v.定期订购，定期缴纳(会费) subscribe to sth 定期订购；同意, 赞成； subscriber  n. 订阅人；定期捐款者；消费者 subscription  n. 订阅；订阅费；定期捐款 ❶ You can subscribe to the magazine for as little as $32 a year. 你要订阅这些时装杂志吗？ ❷ Weir subscribes to the view that children benefit from being independent. 韦尔赞同孩子们能从独立中获益这一观点。 ❸ She subscribes to an environmental action group. 她定期给一个环境行动组织捐款。 12 8. suspect /səˈspekt/ vt. & vi 怀疑；不信任； /ˈsʌspekt/ n. 犯罪嫌疑人 suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事 suspect sb./sth. to be/as ... 怀疑某人/某物是…… The police suspect him of having taken the money. 警察怀疑钱是他偷的。 I suspected him to be a liar. 我料想他是一个说谎者。 suspicion n. 怀疑；疑心 under suspicion 被怀疑 suspicious adj. 怀疑的；可疑的 be suspicious of/about sth. 对某事怀疑 14 单句语法填空 ①Any man who has witnessed the attack is _____ suspicion. ②Some of his colleagues at work became __________ (suspect) of his behaviour. 完成句子 老板怀疑他从公司拿走了电脑。 The boss _______________________ the computer away from the company. under suspicious suspected him of taking 15 对…严厉 对…感到沮丧 怀疑某人做某事 感染上… be severe on/with be hard on/ be strict with be frustrated at/with suspect sb. of doing sth be infected with 1. Tom 回到家，又累又沮丧。 Tom arrived home, tired and frustrated. 警察怀疑他是凶手。 The police suspected him to be the murder. 3. 她转过身来，脸上带着有感染力的笑容。 She turned back, with an infectious smile on her face. 9.blame vt.责备；谴责；把…归咎于；n.过失；责备 blame sb. for sth. 因某事而责备某人 Don't blame him for breaking that vase; after all, he is a child. 别怪他打碎了那个花瓶，他毕竟是个孩子。 blame sth. on sb. 把某事怪到某人头上 Police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving. 警方把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶。 be to blame 应受责备；应负责任 Which driver was to blame for the accident? 哪位司机是此次事故的肇事者？ lay/put the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人身上 19 9. handle n.把手；拉手；柄　vt.操纵，控制；应付，处理 ❶ She was shaking so much that she could not turn the handle of the door. 她抖得太厉害了，以至于连门把手都转不动。 ❷ Can you give me some information on how to handle the machine? 您可以告诉我一些关于如何操纵这台机器的知识吗？ ❸ He said he would handle that problem. 他说过他来处理那个问题。 21 10. intervention n.介入；出面；干涉 Military intervention will only aggravate the conflict even further. 军事介入只会使冲突加剧。 intervene vi.阻碍；阻挠；干扰 They were planning to get married and then the war intervened. 他们正准备结婚，不巧却因爆发战事而受阻。 intervene in sth 出面；介入 The President intervened personally in the crisis. 总统亲自出面处理这场危机。 22 11. link n. 联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联 a link between A and B A与B之间的联系 There is a close link between teacher and student. 师生之间有紧密关系。 link A to/with B 将A与B联系/连接起来 The highway links Shanghai to/with Beijing. 这条公路连接上海和北京。 be linked to/with 与……有联系/有关 Heart disease might be linked to smoking. 心脏病可能与吸烟有关。 23 to/with between is linked 单句语法填空 ①The new tunnel links Britain France. ②There may be a link madness and creativity. ③The country (link) to the town by a new bridge. 24 12.decrease /ˈdiːkriːs/ n.减少 /dɪˈkriːs/ vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少 on the decrease 在减少中 The demand for tea is on the decrease in this area. 这一地区的茶叶需求量在减少。 a decrease in... 在……方面减少 We have seen a marked decrease in the number of accidents since these safety measures were introduced. 自从采取这些安全措施，我们已经看到事故数量显著下降了。 25 12.decrease /ˈdiːkriːs/ n.减少 /dɪˈkriːs/ vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少 decrease to... 减少到…… decrease from...to... 从……减少到…… The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year. 今年新生人数从210减少到160。 decrease by... 减少了…… The price of wheat has decreased by 15%. 小麦价格降低了15%。 26 13.thanks to 幸亏；由于 ❶Thanks to your help, we were successful. 由于你的帮助，我们得以成功。 ❷Thanks to his effort, it is more successful than we have expected. 由于他的努力，它比我们预期的更成功。 owing to “由于、因为”，可置于句首或句末。 The game was cancelled owing to torrential rain. 比赛因大雨取消了。 Owing to staff shortages, there was no food on the plane. 由于工作人员不足，飞机上没有食物。 due to表示原因，可与owing to 互换 because of 着重某个结果的原因 She resigned because of ill health. 28 14.transform vi.&vt. 改变，转变；使改变 transform...into... 把…变成… Your generous help and tender care transformed my first American trip into an unforgettable memory. transform sb./sth. from... 把某人/物从…中转变 This place transforms from smally village to modern city. transform…with… 用….来改变… We can transform the world with our knowledge. 我们可以用我们的知识改变世界。 transformation n. 改变， 变革 29 Thank you 31 be too severe on [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I do not like to be severe ________ anyone, but our own situation is serious. ②You should first of all be severe ________ yourself and set an example to your kids. ③A fire had ________ (severe) damaged the warehouse. ④Don't ________________________ (对……太苛刻) others' errors. on　 with　 severely　 语境助记： What frustrated me most was the frustrating news about the football match, whose result made everyone here frustrated. 最让我沮丧的是这个令人沮丧的关于足球比赛的消息，比赛结果使这里的每个人都很沮丧。 frustration　 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①After a long and tiring flight, Mr. Ritz was frustrated ________ the news that his luggage had been sent to Hong Kong by mistake. ②My brother's bedroom is always in a mess, and he can never find anything, which is very ________ (frustrate)． ③When we fail to live up to our own expectations, we often feel ________ (frustrate)． ④Mary failed in the exam and her father worried that she couldn't stand the ________ (frustrate) of it. at/with　 frustrating　 frustrated　 语境助记： Many people are infected with COVID­19, which is highly infectious. In order to reduce the risk of infection, you'd better stay at home to avoid the human­to­human transmission. 许多人感染了新冠肺炎，其传染性极高。为降低感染的风险，你最好呆在家里边避免人与人之间的传播。 infectious　 was infected with [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①White blood cells fight ________ (infect)． ②Every year, there are people unlucky enough to be infected ________ the flu. ③Some people were not concerned about it because they didn't think they could ________ (infect)． ④Don't you find her enthusiasm ________ (infect)? ⑤The composer ________________ (感染了) terrible bacteria and soon died. infection　 with　 be infected　 to　 subscription　 subscriber [即学即练]　写出句中subscribe to的含义/单句语法填空 ①Many companies subscribed generously to the football club.____________ ②Which journals does the library subscribe to？____________ ③Personally, I've never subscribed to the view that either sex is superior to the other.____________ ④She used to subscribe ________ an environmental action group. ⑤Have you handed in your ___________ (subscribe)? ⑥Write away now for the free album offered to every new ________ (subscribe)． 捐赠 订阅 同意 归纳拓展： “动词＋sb.＋of sth.”结构： convince sb. of sth.使某人相信某事 rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物 remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事 inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事 cheat sb. of sth.欺骗某人某事 warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事 accuse sb. of sth.控告某人某事 put the blame on [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She doesn't blame anyone ________ her father's death. ②The narrator was ________ (blame) for the misunderstanding. ③We were ready to take the blame ________ what had happened. ④They think the blame should be placed ________ the conductor. ⑤They __________________________ (归咎于) the physician. for　 to blame　 for　 on　 from　 has decreased by on the decrease [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The number of students in each class is ________ the decrease. ②The decrease ________ sales was almost 20 percent. ③The production of wheat has decreased ________ 20% because of the dry weather. ④The latest warm period has caused the number of glaciers to decrease ________ 150 in 1850 to 26 today. ⑤Recently the price of the houses in many big cities ________________________ (降低了) 10%. ⑥The charge for transportation is ____________________ (在减少) because of lower fuel costs. on　 in　 by　 transformed the company into was transformed from [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①They have transformed themselves ________ permanent city settlers. ②She transformed people's attitude towards her job ________ her determination and patience. ③He was struggling to make the _________________ (transform) from a single man to a responsible husband. ④They successfully _________________________ (把这家公司变成) a global one. ⑤The art gallery ________________ (由……改造而成) an old railway station. into　 with　 transformation　 $