Unit 1 Period 2 People of Achievement Language points 课件-高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册

Unit 1 People of Achievement Language Points 1. This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 授予某人某东西，把某东西授予某人 非限制必定语从句 The committee awarded her the first prize for her outstanding research. 委员会将一等奖授予了她，以表彰其杰出的研究。 The court awarded $50,000 in damages to the victim. 法院将5万美元损害赔偿金判给了受害者。 The university awarded him an honorary doctorate for his contributions to the arts. 大学授予他荣誉博士学位，以表彰他对艺术的贡献。 “whose”是所有格关系代词，相当于“his, her, its, their”或“名词+’s”。在非限制性定语从句中，“whose”用来引导一个对主句内容进行附加说明的从句，该从句提供关于主句中某人或某物的归属、特征等额外信息。 The actress, whose performance moved us to tears, won the Best Actress award. 那位女演员获得了最佳女主角奖，她的表演让我们感动落泪。 The company, whose headquarters is in Shanghai, is expanding its overseas market. 这家公司正在扩展其海外市场，它的总部在上海。 在非常正式的书面语中，指代物时有时会用“of which”来替代“whose”。但“whose”更为常见和自然。 The company, the headquarters of which is in Shanghai, is expanding to overseas market. I live in a small apartment, the window of which faces a park. Important sentences (P2 ~ P3) Compare and Find (I) Review: What do these sentences have in common? 1. This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. (Para 1) 2. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. (Para 2) 3. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. (Para 3) 4. This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. (Para 3) 5. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. (Para 2) non-restrictive non-restrictive non-restrictive non-restrictive restrictive 【归纳】 be vital to / for 对……是至关重要的 be of vital importance 至关重要 It’s vital to do sth. 做某事很重要 It’s vital that … (should) do … ……是十分重要的 play a vital role in 在……中起极其重要的作用 2. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone. 青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分，据估计每年仅在非洲每年就挽救了10万人的性命。 vital adj. extremely important and necessary for something to succeed or exist 必不可少的; 极其重要的; 充满生机的 e.g. Their cooperation was vital for the success of the project. 他们的合作对项目的成功至关重要。 e.g. The support of his family was of vital importance to him during his recovery. 家人的支持在他康复期间对他至关重要。 The new policy played a vital role in reducing urban pollution. 这项新政策对减少城市污染起到了至关重要的作用。 It is vital that students (should) understand the fundamental concepts. 学生们理解基本概念是至关重要的。 【点津】 vital为形容词, 相当于important。在It is vital that…句型中, that从句常用虚拟语气, 其谓语构成为“should+动词原形”, 其中should可以省略。 It is + adj +(for sb) to do sth. 做某事（对某人）是.... 很重要 important vital crucial necessary significant crucial [ˈkruːʃl] adj. 至关重要的; 关键性的 crucially adv.至关重要地，关键地 Trust plays a vital role in maintaining a healthy relationship. 信任对维持健康的关系起着至关重要的作用。 V-ing plays an important role in... It is important (for sb) to do sth. 在......中起重要的作用 V-ing plays an crucial role in.... 在......中起关键的作用 be crucial to... 对......是至关重要的 词性转换法 Your suggestions are super valuable. adj= of great + n.表属性，实质 useful= of great use helpful= of great help important = of great importance valuable = of great value significant = of great significance = Your suggestions are of great value. 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) Most importantly, it’s vital that _____________________________ (你要注意餐桌礼仪). 2) Knowing about the history and culture of Tianjin _________________ (至关重要) for me to become a good volunteer. 3) Understanding history is ______ (重要的) to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation. is of vital importance you should mind your table manners vital 单句语法填空 (1) It’s vital that they (carry) out the operation immediately. (2) Such measures are vital our national security. (3) is vital that he gets on well with his classmates and teachers. (4)It is vital for us (finish) our homework in time. (should) carry to It to finish Sb./ Sth. be thought to…某人/某物被认为… eg A healthy life is usually thought to be related to the open countryside and home-grown food. 健康的生活通常被认为与开阔的乡村和土生土长的食物有关。 He is thought to be one of the most promising young writers of his generation. 他被认为是他那一代最有前途的年轻作家之一。 【拓展】 be said to… 据说…… be reported to… 据报道…… be believed to… 据信…… be claimed to… 据声称…… be announced to… 据宣布…… = It is said that … 据说…… = It is reported that… 据报道…… = It is believed that… 据信…… = It is claimed that… 据声称…… = It is announced that… 据宣布…… 【点拨】 Sb. / Sth. is thought / said / reported to do / have done… =It is thought / said / reported that… 动词不定式有时态和语态的变化 He is said to have saved quantities of natural resources in this way. = It is said that he has saved quantities of natural resources in this way. 据说他们用这种方法节约了大量的自然资源。 【语境应用】翻译句子 1) 据说他在一家大出版社当编辑。 He is said to work as an editor in a big publishing house. 2) 据报道，这位建筑师赢得了许多国际奖项。 The architect is reported to have won many international awards. 3. Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930… 屠呦呦，这位尽职尽责、锲而不舍的科学家1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波…… committed adj. willing to work very hard at something 尽心尽力的，坚定的，坚信的 Madame Curie is a committed scientist. 居里夫人是一位坚定的科学家。 commit vt. to say that someone will definitely do something or must do something 承诺，保证(某个人、机构等) commit sb. / oneself to (doing) sth. 承诺；保证做某事 e.g. Our team is committed to achieving the best results. 我们团队致力于取得最佳成果。 The two companies committed themselves to sharing technology and resources. 两家公司承诺共享技术和资源。 vi. 忠于；全心全意投入（工作、活动等） e.g. Anna wants to get married, but Bob’s not sure he wants to commit. commitment n. 投入，信奉；承诺，委托 【小结】 1)犯罪 commit a crime 2)把某物投入到某事上 commit sth to sth. 3)抽出一小时读英语: commit an hour to reading English 4)(使)承诺做某事: commit sb/oneself to doing sth=make a commitment to doing / do sth 5)尽力做某事: be committed to doing sth. 6)表明自己的态度commit oneself 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) He was released from custody (拘留所) because the police could not prove he had __________ _____ _______ (犯任何罪). 2) She has __________ ______ ___ ________ ___ (答应去) the gym three times a week. 3) The mayor was a ___________ environmentalist in urban planning. committed committed any crime   committed herself to going to commit vt. 干（错事，坏事），犯罪 eg The murder was committed on New Year’s Eve. vt. 投入（时间、钱、人力等） eg They called on Western nations to commit more money to the poorest nations. Important sentences (P2 ~ P3) Compare and Find (II) Pay attention to the past participles. 1. Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to improved health for millions of people. (Para 1) 2. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. (Para 2) 3. Tu’s team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. (Para 3) 4. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. (Para 3) the attribute the attribute the attribute the attribute 过去分词作定语 boiled water a developed country some painted chairs a novel written by Mark Twain The injured workers have been rushed to the hospital. I received a letter written in French. 表示完成 表示被动 单个过去分词作定语，通常放在名词前,表示被动或完成；过去分词短语作定语，放在名词后。 即学即练 1. There is a ________ (break) glass on the table. 2. Lucy is a nurse, whose job is to look after the _________ (wound) soldiers. 3. Most of the artists _______ (invite) to the party were from Germany. 4. _______ (Speak) English is quite distinct from ________ (write) English in many ways. 5. The woman ________ (dress) in a white dress is our English teacher. 6. 学生们正在打扫校园里的落叶。 Students __________________________ in the campus. 7. 在2020年年初，中国政府组建了一支专家队伍，奔赴武汉，目的是寻找一种治疗新冠肺炎的方法。钟南山是首批入选的专家之一。 In early 2020, the Chinese government formed a team of medical experts and sent them to Wuhan to find a treatment for COVID-19. Zhong Nanshan was _______________________ _______________. broken wounded invited Spoken written dressed are cleaning the fallen leaves one of / among the first experts chosen 4. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. 1967年，中国政府成立了一支科学家团队，旨在发现新型抗疟疾疗法，屠呦呦入选首批研究人员。 with the objective (aim/purpose/goal) of… “目的是……”, 在句中作状语。 e.g. The scholarship was established with the objective of helping students from low-income families. 设立该奖学金的目的是为了帮助来自低收入家庭的学生。 The community center offers free classes with the aim of promoting lifelong learning. 社区中心提供免费课程，旨在促进终身学习。 The textbook was written with the purpose of making physics accessible to beginners. 编写这本教科书是为了让初学者也能理解物理。 _______________________________________________________________ __________, our school invited a craftsman to teach us how to make kites. 为发扬中国传统文化以及丰富我们的校园生活，我校邀请一位手工艺人教我们如何制作风筝。 As scheduled, we have an English Talent Show today, ___________________ _______________________________________________________________ ______________. 按照计划，我们今天举办英语才艺大赛，目的是培养我们英语学习的兴趣，提高听说能力。 With the intention of promoting traditional Chinese culture and enriching our school life with the purpose of developing our interest in English learning and improving our abilities to listen and speak 用类似方式完成句子 5. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. (Para. 2, P2) Pay attention to the infinitives (to do forms). 1. In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease. (Para. 2) 2. One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. (Para. 3) 3. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. (Para. 3) 不定式作目的状语 不定式作目的状语 不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作目的状语 不定式作目的状语  To / In order to succeed, we must believe in ourselves first.  The teacher raised his voice so as to / in order to / to make himself heard.  Everyone is supposed to do his best so as to / in order to / to save the earth.  Tom made a bamboo box so as to / in order to / to take care of the little sick bird till it could fly. 不定式作目的状语，意为“为了……”,可位于句首、句中和句末。有时为了突出强调和目的性，可用in order to do, so as to do(不可位于句首)等。 动词不定式作结果状语时，通常放在句子的末尾，表示一个出乎意料、令人失望或顺理成章的结果。它可以分为以下几种常见情况： 1. 基本结构：主句 + only to do... 这是最典型的一种用法，表示主语经历了主句的动作后，却意外地发现了另一个（通常是令人失望或不快的）结果。结构：主语 + 谓语（过去时）... + only to + 动词原形 ...，含义：”结果却…”、”不料…”、”没想到…”。 He hurried to the station, only to find the train had already left. 他匆匆赶到车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。 2. 用在“too...to...”结构中 表示“太…以至于不能…”，其中的不定式to do就表示了“不能做某事”这个结果。结构：主语 + be动词/谓语动词 + too + 形容词/副词 + to + 动词原形。 She arrived too late to catch the beginning of the movie. 她到得太晚了，没赶上电影的开头。 3. 用在“enough to...”结构中 表示“足够…以至于可以…”，其中的不定式to do表示了“可以做某事”这个顺理成章的结果。结构：主语 + be动词/谓语动词 + 形容词/副词 + enough + to + 动词原形。 He didn’t run fast enough to win the race. 他跑得不够快，没能赢得比赛。 4. 用在“so...as to...”结构中 比较正式的用法，表示“如此…以至于…”，引导一个结果状语。结构：主语 + 谓语 + so + 形容词/副词 + as to + 动词原形。 The test was so difficult as to frustrate even the best students. 考试太难了，甚至让最优秀的学生都感到挫败。 5. 用在“such...as to...”结构中 与so...as to...类似，但such后面接名词。结构：主语 + 谓语 + such + (a/an) + 名词 + as to + 动词原形，含义：“这样的…以至于…”。 It was such a boring speech as to put everyone to sleep. 那场演讲非常无聊，让所有人都睡着了。 即学即练 1.为了度过一个安全愉快的春节，人们被禁止燃放烟花。 ________________________________________________, people were forbidden to set off fireworks. 2.为了提高公众节约食物的意识，他描述了令人震惊的食物浪费现象。 He described the shocking phenomenon of food waste ___________________ ____________________ of saving food. 3. 他急切地从盒子取出那双鞋试穿了一下，结果发现不合脚。 Anxiously, he took the shoes out of the box and tried them on, only ________ __________________. 4. 为了帮助孩子们培养团队意识，下课后将进行分组活动。 ____________________________________________, group activities will be organised after class. (In order) To spend a safe and pleasant Spring Festival (so as / in order) to to find (In order) To help children (to) develop team spirit raise public awareness (that) they didn’t fit 【语境应用】完成句子。 1)His contribution to the project was difficult ___________ as it was mostly behind the scenes. 2) We improve our teaching methods by __________ student feedback each semester. 3) The doctor insisted on a proper ___________ of all the test results before making a diagnosis. to evaluate evaluating evaluation 6. Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties. 她的团队研读了2000多篇中医药古籍/古方，评估了28万种植物的药学属性。 evaluate vt. to judge how good, useful, or successful something is 评价，评估 e.g. I hope to be able to evaluate all the options before making a final decision. 我希望在做出最终决定前，能够评估所有的选项。 【拓展】evaluation n. 评估，估算 distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的 distinction n. 差别、特性；杰出；殊荣 1)很明显... It is distinct that…. It is distinct that she has put a lot of effort into this project. 很明显，她在这个项目上投入了很多精力。 2)区分开来；区别对待: make a distinction Our company makes a distinction by offering unparalleled customer service. 我们公司通过提供无与伦比的客户服务来彰显区别。 7. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments..... 从他们的研究中，他们发现了并测试了380种不同的古代中国医疗治疗方法。 3)没有区别: make no distinction True justice should make no distinction based on race, gender, or social status. 真正的正义不应基于种族、性别或社会地位而区别对待。 4) ...和...之间的区别: distinction between … and ... The philosopher spent his career exploring the distinction between knowledge and belief. 这位哲学家毕生都在探索“知识”和“信仰”之间的区别。 用distinct相关形式填空： 1. For parents, the __________ (distinct) between a child’s tired cry and a hurt cry is usually very clear. 2. The outline of the mountain was __________ (distinct) visible against the dawn sky. 3. She felt ___________ (distinct) uncomfortable during the awkward conversation. distinction distinctly distinctly Administrator (A) - 8. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. 之后，他们尝试水煎新鲜青蒿叶，用熬出的液体治疗疟疾，但是依旧无效。 obtain vt. to get something that you want, especially through your own effort, skill, or work (尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi. (规章、习俗等)存在；流行 eg Further information can be obtained from head office. 详细资料可从总部获取。 Ideal growing conditions obtain in this region, which is why the wine is so excellent. 理想的生长条件存在于这个地区，这就是为什么这里的葡萄酒如此出色。 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) It took years of negotiation before we finally _________ ____ _________. 经过多年的谈判，我们才最终获得了这幅画。 2) 这样的信息很容易就能从网上获得。 Such information _____ ________ ________ ________ the Internet. obtained this painting is easily obtained from 【归纳】 obtain sth. from... 从……获得…… obtain sth. through... 通过(某种方式或手段)获得 【拓展】obtainable adj. 可获得的 【归纳】 acknowledge that ...　　　承认…… acknowledge (doing) sth. 承认(做了)某事 acknowledge sth./sb. to be/as ... 承认某事/某人是…… It is generally acknowledged that ... ……是大家公认的 acknowledge ... as /to be ... 承认某人为…… 【拓展】 acknowledgement n. 承认；致谢；答谢 9. However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.然而，屠呦呦并不认输。 acknowledge vt. to admit or accept that something is true or that a situation exists 承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢 eg I acknowledge that I have received and understood the employee handbook. 我确认已收到并理解员工手册的内容。 In our success, it is important to acknowledge the support of our early investors. 在我们的成功中，感谢早期投资者的支持至关重要。 【语境应用】单句填空 1) He acknowledged ________ (make) a huge mistake in the financial report. 2) He appreciated her _________________ (acknowledge) of his maturity. making acknowledgement 翻译句子。 3) 这部小说被普遍公认为现代文学的杰作。 4) 她从不承认她的孩子们已经长大成人，需要独立了。 5) 人们普遍认为，均衡的饮食和规律的锻炼对健康至关重要。 It is generally acknowledged that a balanced diet and regular exercise are essential for good health. The novel is universally acknowledged to be / as a masterpiece of modern literature. She never acknowledges that her children are now adults and need their independence. 10. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. 屠呦呦与团队成员甚至坚持以身试药，以确保药物的安全性。 insist vi. & vt. to demand that something should happen 坚持；坚决要求 insist on: to say or show that you believe that something is necessary or very important 坚决要求 eg She insisted on being present at all the interviews. 她坚持所有采访自己都要在场。 Despite our objections, he insisted on his innocence. 尽管我们反对，他坚持认为自己无罪。 She insisted on driving me home, even though it was out of her way. 她坚持要开车送我回家，尽管那并不顺路。 【语境运用】完成句子。 1) The manager insists on our ____________ (submit) the reports by Friday. 2) The customer insisted that the complaint __________________ (handle) by the manager personally. 3) The child insisted that he ____________ (not break) the vase, even though his hands were covered in mud. 4) She insisted that she __________ (see) a ghost in the old house. (should) be handled didn’t break insist that…坚持让某人做…；坚持认为… eg They insisted that everyone should come to the party. 他们坚持要每个人都参加晚会。 submitting had seen 11. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine...” 获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我……” 【分析】“介词upon+动词-ing形式”构成介词短语，在句中作时间状语。upon 一……就…… eg Upon receiving a phone call from his wife saying she had a fall, Mr. Green immediately rushed home from his office. 一接到妻子的电话说她摔了一跤，格林先生就立即从办公室赶回家了。 【点拨】upon还可换作介词on，表示一件事紧接着另一件事而发生。这种用法常见于正式的文体，依据语境，可译作“在…的时候；当……时；一……就……”。 eg On arriving at the stadium, the athletes began to work out. 一到体育场，运动员们就开始训练。 【拓展】用作连词表示“一……就……”的名词词组: the moment the instant the minute the second +从句 【语境应用】语法填空 1) On / upon _________ (arrive) at the airport, we all were welcomed warmly. 2) Upon / On ____________ (discover) the error, the scientist immediately corrected it. 3) The audience burst into applause the moment the singer __________ (appear) on stage. 4) The moment she ______ (see) the gift, she started to cry with joy. arriving discovering appeared saw Important phrases (P1 ~ P3) 1. a man of value 2. descriptive words 3. form a good impression of ... 4. Nobel Prize for Medicine 5. award sb sth = award sth to sb 6. a crucial treatment for malaria 7. die from 8. a committed and patient scientist 9. the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine 10. with the objective of 有价值的人 描述性的词语 对……产生好的印象 诺贝尔医学奖 授予某人某物 至关重要的抗疟疾药物 死于 坚定有耐心的科学家 中国中医科学院 以……为目标 11. medical properties 12. show promise in the fight against malaria 13. get stuck 14. acknowledge defeat 15. by chance 16. insist on doing sth 17. test the medicine on sb 18. upon hearing that 19. scientific research 20. other than 药用性 有望战胜疟疾 陷入僵局 认输 偶然 坚持做某事 在某人身上测试药物 一听到…… 科学研究 除了 Important phrases (P4) 1. be quite distinct from one another 2. stand up to 3. wear and tear 4. commit oneself to sth 5. come to a conclusion 6. It strikes / hits / occurs to sb that ... 7. fellow countrymen 彼此完全不同 经得起；抵抗 磨损；损耗 全身心投入到某事中 得出结论 某人突然想到…… 同胞 $