Unit 1 Period 1 Listening and Speaking & Listening and Talking（分层作业）英语人教版2019必修第二册

Unit 1 Period 1 Listening and Speaking & Listening and Talking分层练习 1 一、将下列短语翻译为英文 1 二、词性变化 2 2 一、根据汉语意思完成句子 2 二、语法填空 3 3 一、阅读理解 3 二、七选五 5 三、完形填空 6 7 一、听力技巧 7 二、关键提醒 8 一、将下列短语翻译为英文 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 参与（某事/ 某活动）__________________ 2. 让步；屈服 __________________ 3. 保持平衡 __________________ 4. 导致 __________________ 5. 提出建议 __________________ 6. 许多；大量 __________________ 7. 向……求助 __________________ 8. 阻止；不准 __________________ 9. 向……捐赠…… __________________ 10. 确保；设法保证 __________________ 11. 在世界各地 __________________ 12. 和某人分享某物 __________________ 13. 从事 __________________ 14. 希望做某事 __________________ 15. 提升某人的兴趣 __________________ 16. 对于……重要 __________________ 二、词性变化 1. creatively adv.创造性地；有创造力地→___________adj.创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的→___________vt.创造→___________n．创造性；创造力→___________n．作品；创造 2. promote vt.促进；提升；推销；晋级→___________n．提升；推销；晋级 3. prevent vt.阻止；阻碍；阻挠→___________n．防止；预防 4. forgive vt.& vi.(forgave，forgiven)原谅；宽恕 vt.对不起；请原谅→___________n．原谅；宽恕 5. application n．申请表；用途；应用→___________vt.& vi.申请；应用；涂；敷→___________n．申请人 6. proposal n．提议；建议→___________vt.提议；建议 7. limit n．限度；限制 vt.限制；限定→___________adj.有限的；受限制的→___________ adj.无限的；无尽的→___________n．限制；局限；极限 8. contribution n．捐款；贡献；捐赠→___________vi.& vt.捐献；捐助 9. tradition n．传统；传统的信仰或风俗→___________adj.传统的 10. disappear vi.消失；灭绝→___________n．消失；灭绝→___________vi.出现→__________n．出现；外表 一、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 我们意识到在这么短的时间内完成这么多的工作是不可能的。 We have realized that in such a short time. 2. 我的同学杰克，通过向父母求助，成功解决了此问题。 My classmate, Jack, managed to solve the problem . 3. 我们每年必须参加一次社会实践，为此我们必须交一份纸质报告。 We have to , for which we have to hand in a paper report. 4. 一个均衡的饮食对于我们的身体来说，是促进健康进而支撑我们好好学习最好的方式。 A is the best way for our body good health and thus support good study. 5. 全球化对全世界的人影响巨大，不仅带来了显著的效益，也带来了巨大的挑战。 Globalization has had a huge impact on people all around the world, significant benefits and great challenges. 6. 尽管实验过程中遭遇了诸多复杂状况，科学家们依旧执着地进行研究，最终成功地发现了新的理论，这一理论显著地推动了该领域的发展。 Despite encountering numerous complex situations during the experiment, the scientists . Eventually, they discovered a new theory successfully, which . 7. 我们从上面可以看到，青草覆盖的平原已经让位于广阔的沼泽地。 As we can see from above, the grassy plain an extensive swamp. 8. 他以他的母亲的名义给这所教堂捐款。 He this church in the name of his mother. 二、语法填空 Tea is what unites many cultures, and at the same time sets them apart. Green Tea, China. It is said 1 tea was first discovered by the Chinese emperor Shennong thousands of years ago, when a dead leaf from a tea bush 2 (fall) into his cup of hot water. One of China’s most popular — green tea — 3 (consume) on both casual and formal occasions, and it has gained worldwide popularity as a 4 (health) tea. High Tea and Afternoon Tea, UK. English High Tea usually involves tea with accompaniments such as bread, pies and cheese and was 5 (original) a working class meal served at the end of the workday, around 5 pm. By 6 (compare), Afternoon Tea is a social event that is enjoyed mainly by the middle and upper classes. Koicha and Usucha, Japan. Japanese culture is known 7 its tea rituals (仪式), one being “chado” (the way of tea). The complete ceremony lasts four hours, 8 (contain) a light meal followed by a serving of  “koicha” (thick tea) and “usucha” (light tea). Mint (薄荷) Tea, Morocco. 9 refreshing mixture of green tea and mint leaves, the drink is sweetened with sugar. 10 (form) a foamy (泡沫的) head, people pour the drink into glasses from a height. 三、阅读理解 A British friend told me he couldn’t understand why Chinese people love cracking sunflower seeds (磕瓜子) as a snack so much. “I’ve met a lot of older Chinese and many have a crack (裂缝) in their front teeth; I believe that’s from cracking the seeds,” he said. I had never noticed the habit, but once he mentioned it, I suddenly became more aware. I realized that whenever I’m watching TV or typing a report, I always start mindlessly cracking sunflower seeds. My friend doesn’t like sunflower seeds, and, to him, it seems unnecessary to work so much just to get one small seed. When we were young, the whole family would usually get together for Chinese New Year. Then, we all lived close to one another, usually in a small city, and sometimes even neighbors would go door-to-door on Chinese New Year’s Eve to check out what every family was making. I remember my parents would be in the kitchen cooking. Out in the living room, a large table would already be laid out, complete with fancy tablecloth, ready-made dumpling fillings, and dishes full of candy, fruits and sunflower seeds. Some of the dishes were to be offered to our ancestors later, while others were for neighbors and children to eat before the evening feast. I must have learned how to crack sunflower seeds back then. I don’t think it’s right to criticize one’s choice in food or eating habits, no matter how strange they may seem. It’s not only in China. When I went abroad, I found people had all kinds of strange habits when it came to food. In Denmark, they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner, no matter how much it ruins your breath. They think it’s a delicacy (美味佳肴), and it’s connected to their certain culture. I think it’s a wonderful tradition. 1. What did the writer become aware of? A．She had ever typed a report about seeds. B．She had various snacks while watching TV. C．She had a habit of cracking sunflower seeds. D．She damaged her teeth by eating sunflower seeds. 2. What does the writer prove by mentioning Chinese New Year? A．The families get together for it. B．Eating sunflower seeds is related to it. C．The traditions of celebrating it disappear. D．Children can eat delicious food on that day. 3. The writer’s attitude to Denmark’s way of eating bread is _________. A．negative B．uncertain C．doubtful D．acceptable 4. What lesson can we learn from the story? A．It is good to form healthy eating habits. B．Eating habits come from a certain culture. C．Changing your eating habits will change your life. D．One kind of food doesn’t necessarily suit everyone. People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why. Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes. “We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure,whereas Easterners favor the eyes and overlook the mouth.” According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations. The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted (厌恶的), angry, or neutral (中性的). They compared how Accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.” In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified (多样化) these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation. 1. The discovery shows that Westerners ________. A．consider facial expressions universally reliable B．pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth C．observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways D．have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions 2. What were the people asked to do in the study? A．To make a face at each other. B．To get their faces impressive. C．To classify some face pictures. D．To observe the researchers' faces. 3. In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to ________. A．examine the eyes more attentively B．study the mouth more frequently C．perform translation more successfully D．read facial expressions more correctly 4. What key weakness might critics highlight about the study’s design? A．Dependence on subjective emotion categorization. B．Use of posed photos instead of natural expressions. C．Lack of more diverse American cultural groups. D．Failure to track eye movements during observation. 5. What can be the best title for the passage? A．The Eye as the Window to the Soul B．Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions C．Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills D．How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding 二、完形填空 Growing up in Indonesia, I was surrounded by rich traditions and a sense of belonging. But when my family moved to Denmark, everything changed. The cold sky seemed to 1 the confusion and self-doubt that settled in my heart. I felt like a(n) 2 in this new land. In school, I 3 to make friends. My accent, my appearance, and my background set me apart. I tried to hide my Indonesian 4 , hoping to get along with my Danish classmates. But the more I tried, the 5 I felt. I began to hate myself for not being Danish enough. One day, during a particularly difficult period, I had a(n) 6 . I was sitting in the park at the time, feeling very 7 about myself, when I met an elderly woman who struck up a 8 . She listened to my story and then said to me, “You can’t win respect from others if you don’t respect yourself first.” Her words stayed with me. I began to 9 my Indonesian roots, sharing stories and traditions with others. I learned to appreciate the unique mix of 10 that made me who I was. Slowly, I started to see myself in a new 11 . It wasn’t an overnight 12 , but gradually, I learned to love myself for who I was. I realized that my 13 were not weaknesses but strengths. By accepting my true self, I 14 my confidence. And by doing so, I discovered that respect and acceptance from others followed 15 . 1．A．overlook B．approach C．mirror D．prevent 2．A．agent B．outsider C．volunteer D．consultant 3．A．refused B．promised C．agreed D．struggled 4．A．customs B．virtues C．roots D．festivals 5．A．weaker B．lonelier C．calmer D．wiser 6．A．breakthrough B．assumption C．emergency D．conflict 7．A．content B．awkward C．innocent D．bad 8．A．campaign B．lecture C．conversation D．ceremony 9．A．remember B．accept C．abandon D．criticize 10．A．cultures B．lessons C．suggestions D．meanings 11．A．school B．explanation C．society D．light 12．A．transformation B．vision C．routine D．shelter 13．A．opinions B．differences C．mistakes D．disadvantages 14．A．reduced B．lacked C．understood D．regained 15．A．deliberately B．temporarily C．naturally D．systematically 三、七选五 How to Work with Different Cultures Working effectively with different cultures is a necessary skill for anyone in a culturally diverse work environment. Cultural variations in the workplace may range from simple regional differences, such as varying dialects, to different viewpoints on timeliness, efficiency, and communication. 1 Be aware of your words and actions. What seems proper to you may not be a cultural standard to another person. Before you give someone at work a high five or a pat on the back, take a moment to consider your actions. Based on what you know about that culture, is touching in the workplace proper? 2 Is what you’re about to say possibly rude? If so, figure out a way to express it differently. Practice patience. It may take a while for you to get used to working with people from different cultures. Don’t worry, that’s normal. Try not to get angry if communication takes a little extra effort at first. For example, maybe you are now working with someone whose first language is not your mother tongue. In this case, they might not understand your point. 3   Try saying, “Ok, I can see I’m not making myself clear. How can I help us get on the same page?” Look at issues from a different angle. Don’t assume that you are all looking at the issue from the same angle. It’s possible that you might think you’re working with the same goals in mind, but others may have different ideas about how to achieve them. 4 Looking at an issue from another perspective can help you find solutions that you might not have considered. 5 But if you put yourself in the right frame of mind, you will likely find it a rewarding experience despite some challenges. A．An important strategy is asking questions. B．A good rule is to consider your words before you speak. C．Learning to communicate better helps you work with people. D．There are suggestions for you to work with different cultures. E．Once someone explains their viewpoint, take some time to reflect F．Instead of getting impatient, try to treat it as a learning experience. G．If you’ve never worked with different cultures before, it can be difficult. 一、听力技巧 在英语听力中，“use context to guess words（利用语境猜词）”是核心技巧之一，指的是当听到陌生词汇时，通过其前后的信息（如上下文逻辑、语法结构、场景提示、同义/反义关系等）推断词义，从而不被生词阻碍理解。这一技巧尤其适用于高考听力，因为真题中常出现超纲词，但上下文往往会给出足够线索。具体方法如下： 1. 利用定义和解释：若听力中对生词进行了直接定义或解释，可据此猜测词义。如听到 “Anthropology is the scientific study of man.”，即便不知道 “anthropology” 的意思，根据 “the scientific study of man（对人类的科学研究）” 也能猜出它是 “人类学” 的意思。 2. 寻找同义词或反义词：关注生词附近是否有同义词或反义词，以此推测词义。若听到 “Jane is timid, unlike her sister who is very brave.”，由 “unlike” 和 “brave” 可知，“timid” 与 “brave” 意思相反，应为 “胆小的” 之意。 3. 依据因果关系：根据听力材料中的因果逻辑关系猜测词义。例如 “Tom is very fastidious, so he seldom satisfies with others' work.”，由 “so” 可知前后是因果关系，因 “seldom satisfies with others' work（很少对别人的工作满意）”，可推测 “fastidious” 是 “挑剔的” 意思。 4. 借助举例说明：若听力中通过举例来阐述某个生词，可根据例子猜测词义。如 “Some birds, such as sparrows, finches and swallows, are small in size.”，通过 “sparrows（麻雀）”“finches（雀类）”“swallows（燕子）” 可推测 “birds” 是 “鸟类” 的意思。 5. 分析句子结构：通过分析句子结构，判断生词在句中的成分和词性，辅助猜测词义。如 “He is a philanthropist, who has donated millions of dollars to build schools and hospitals.”，“a philanthropist” 作表语，结合后面 “捐赠数百万美元修建学校和医院” 的描述，可推测它是指 “慈善家” 这类人。 二、关键提醒 高考听力中的生词通常不会影响对主旨的理解，猜词时无需追求“精确翻译”，只需抓住核心含义（如“正向/负向”“动作/物品”）即可。平时练习时可刻意关注上下文逻辑，培养对线索词（转折、因果、举例等）的敏感度，逐步提升猜词准确率。 $Unit 1 Period 1 Listening and Speaking & Listening and Talking分层练习 1 一、将下列短语翻译为英文 1 二、词性变化 2 2 一、根据汉语意思完成句子 2 二、语法填空 4 5 一、阅读理解 5 二、七选五 9 三、完形填空 12 14 一、听力技巧 14 二、关键提醒 14 一、将下列短语翻译为英文 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 参与（某事/ 某活动）__________________ 2. 让步；屈服 __________________ 3. 保持平衡 __________________ 4. 导致 __________________ 5. 提出建议 __________________ 6. 许多；大量 __________________ 7. 向……求助 __________________ 8. 阻止；不准 __________________ 9. 向……捐赠…… __________________ 10. 确保；设法保证 __________________ 11. 在世界各地 __________________ 12. 和某人分享某物 __________________ 13. 从事 __________________ 14. 希望做某事 __________________ 15. 提升某人的兴趣 __________________ 16. 对于……重要 __________________ 【答案】 1. take part in 2. give way to 3. keep balance 4. lead to 5. make a proposal 6. a number of 7. turn to 8. prevent ... from ... 9. donate ... to ... 10. make sure 11. all over the world 12. share sth with sb 13. work on 14. hope to do sth 15. promote one’s interest 16. be important for 二、词性变化 1. creatively adv.创造性地；有创造力地→___________adj.创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的→___________vt.创造→___________n．创造性；创造力→___________n．作品；创造 2. promote vt.促进；提升；推销；晋级→___________n．提升；推销；晋级 3. prevent vt.阻止；阻碍；阻挠→___________n．防止；预防 4. forgive vt.& vi.(forgave，forgiven)原谅；宽恕 vt.对不起；请原谅→___________n．原谅；宽恕 5. application n．申请表；用途；应用→___________vt.& vi.申请；应用；涂；敷→___________n．申请人 6. proposal n．提议；建议→___________vt.提议；建议 7. limit n．限度；限制 vt.限制；限定→___________adj.有限的；受限制的→___________ adj.无限的；无尽的→___________n．限制；局限；极限 8. contribution n．捐款；贡献；捐赠→___________vi.& vt.捐献；捐助 9. tradition n．传统；传统的信仰或风俗→___________adj.传统的 10. disappear vi.消失；灭绝→___________n．消失；灭绝→___________vi.出现→__________n．出现；外表 【答案】 1. creative, create, creativity, creation 2. promotion 3. prevention 4. forgiveness 5. apply, applicant 6. propose 7. limited, limitless/unlimited, limitation 8. contribute 9. traditional 10. disappearance, appear, appearance 一、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 我们意识到在这么短的时间内完成这么多的工作是不可能的。 We have realized that in such a short time. 2. 我的同学杰克，通过向父母求助，成功解决了此问题。 My classmate, Jack, managed to solve the problem . 3. 我们每年必须参加一次社会实践，为此我们必须交一份纸质报告。 We have to , for which we have to hand in a paper report. 4. 一个均衡的饮食对于我们的身体来说，是促进健康进而支撑我们好好学习最好的方式。 A is the best way for our body good health and thus support good study. 5. 全球化对全世界的人影响巨大，不仅带来了显著的效益，也带来了巨大的挑战。 Globalization has had a huge impact on people all around the world, significant benefits and great challenges. 6. 尽管实验过程中遭遇了诸多复杂状况，科学家们依旧执着地进行研究，最终成功地发现了新的理论，这一理论显著地推动了该领域的发展。 Despite encountering numerous complex situations during the experiment, the scientists . Eventually, they discovered a new theory successfully, which . 7. 我们从上面可以看到，青草覆盖的平原已经让位于广阔的沼泽地。 As we can see from above, the grassy plain an extensive swamp. 8. 他以他的母亲的名义给这所教堂捐款。 He this church in the name of his mother. 【答案】 1. it is impossible to finish so much work 【详解】考查固定句型。that引导的宾语从句中：表示“在这么短的时间内完成这么多工作是不可能的”用固定句型“it be+形容词+to do sth.”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式短语，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，be动词用is。表示“不可能的”用impossible，作表语。表示“完成这么多的工作”用finish so much work，用不定式，作真正的主语。故填it is impossible to finish so much work。 2. by asking his parents for help 【详解】考查介词短语。空处应填“通过向父母求助”，“通过”常用介词by来表达，表示方式或手段；“向某人求助”常用短语ask sb. for help，此处“某人”指“他的父母”，即his parents；又因为“by”是介词，其后接动名词形式，所以ask要变为asking。故填by asking his parents for help。 3. take part in a social practice once a year 【详解】考查动词短语。对比中英文句子可知，空处需填“每年参加一次社会实践”；“参加”表达为take part in，在have to后动词用原形，宾语“社会实践”表达为a social practice，状语“每年一次”表达为once a year。故填take part in a social practice once a year。 4. balanced diet to promote 【详解】考查固定短语和不定式。根据汉语提示可知，第一空和第二空表示“均衡的饮食”，应用名词短语balanced diet作主语，其中balanced为形容词，意为“均衡的”，diet为名词，意为“饮食”；第三空和第四空表示“促进”，应用动词promote，且根据句子结构可知，空格处应用不定式作后置定语，修饰名词way，即“the best way to do sth.”，意为“做某事的最好方式”。故填①balanced ②diet ③to ④promote。 5. bringing/contributing/resulting/leading about/to/in/to 【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“带来”，可用动词短语bring about或contribute to或result in或lead to，意为“带来，导致”，且句中已有谓语动词has had，空处应填非谓语动词，与逻辑主语Globalization之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式，作伴随状语。故填①bringing/contributing/resulting/leading；②about/to/in/to。 6. carried out the research persistently promoted the development of this field markedly 【详解】考查副词和短语。第一空表示“进行研究”可用carry out the research，根据后文discovered可知为一般过去时；表示“执着地”用副词persistently；第二空表示“推动了该领域的发展”可用promote the development of this field，根据上文discovered可知为一般过去时；表示“显著地”用副词markedly。故填①carried out the research persistently；②promoted the development of this field markedly。 7．has given way to 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。“让位于”可用动词give way to表示，作主句谓语，描述的是已经发生的事情，强调对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时态，主语为the grassy plain是单数名词，助动词用has。故填has given way to。 8．donated to/made a donation to 【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“给……捐款”短语为donate to或make a donation to，发生在过去用一般过去时。故填donated to/made a donation to。 二、语法填空 Tea is what unites many cultures, and at the same time sets them apart. Green Tea, China. It is said 1 tea was first discovered by the Chinese emperor Shennong thousands of years ago, when a dead leaf from a tea bush 2 (fall) into his cup of hot water. One of China’s most popular — green tea — 3 (consume) on both casual and formal occasions, and it has gained worldwide popularity as a 4 (health) tea. High Tea and Afternoon Tea, UK. English High Tea usually involves tea with accompaniments such as bread, pies and cheese and was 5 (original) a working class meal served at the end of the workday, around 5 pm. By 6 (compare), Afternoon Tea is a social event that is enjoyed mainly by the middle and upper classes. Koicha and Usucha, Japan. Japanese culture is known 7 its tea rituals (仪式), one being “chado” (the way of tea). The complete ceremony lasts four hours, 8 (contain) a light meal followed by a serving of  “koicha” (thick tea) and “usucha” (light tea). Mint (薄荷) Tea, Morocco. 9 refreshing mixture of green tea and mint leaves, the drink is sweetened with sugar. 10 (form) a foamy (泡沫的) head, people pour the drink into glasses from a height. 【答案】1．that 2．fell 3．is consumed 4．healthy 5．originally 6．comparison 7．for 8．containing 9．A 10．To form 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个国家的茶文化。 1．考查主语从句。句意：据说，数千年前，中国的神农氏皇帝偶然发现了茶——当时，一棵茶树上的枯叶落入了他的热水杯中。It is said that...是固定句型，意为“据说”，其中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，故填that。 2．考查时态。句意：据说，数千年前，中国的神农氏皇帝偶然发现了茶——当时，一棵茶树上的枯叶落入了他的热水杯中。由thousands of years ago可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填fell。 3．考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：绿茶是中国最受欢迎的茶品之一，无论是日常休闲还是正式场合都会饮用，而且作为一种健康茶饮，它在全球都广受欢迎。茶是被享用，句子用被动语态，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，因此句子用一般现在时的被动语态，主语green tea是不可数名词，因此空格处是is consumed，故填is consumed。 4．考查形容词。句意：绿茶是中国最受欢迎的茶品之一，无论是日常休闲还是正式场合都会饮用，而且作为一种健康茶饮，它在全球都广受欢迎。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词tea，绿茶是健康的茶，因此空格处意为“健康的”，形容词是healthy。故填healthy。 5．考查副词。句意：英式High Tea通常包括茶以及面包、派和奶酪等配菜，它原本是工人阶级在一天工作结束时（大约下午5点）享用的餐食。空格处用副词作状语，original的副词是originally，意为“原先”，故填originally。 6．考查名词。句意：相比之下，下午茶是一种主要由中上层阶级享用的社交活动。by comparison是固定短语，意为“相比之下”，因此空格处是comparison。故填comparison。 7．考查介词。句意：日本文化以其茶道仪式而闻名，其中之一便是“茶道”（茶之艺）。be known for是固定短语，意为“因为……而著名”，因此空格处用介词for，故填for。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：完整的茶道仪式持续四个小时，包括一顿便餐，随后是“浓茶”（koicha）和“薄茶”（usucha）的品饮。句中谓语是lasts，空格处用非谓语动词，The complete ceremony和contain之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，作状语，故填containing。 9．考查冠词。句意：这是一种由绿茶和薄荷叶混合而成的清爽饮品，用糖调味。mixture是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，refreshing是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填A。 10．考查不定式。句意：为了形成一层泡沫，人们会从高处将茶水倒入玻璃杯中。根据语境可知，句子表示“为了形成一层泡沫，人们会从高处将茶水倒入玻璃杯中”，空格处用不定式表目的，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填To form。 三、阅读理解 A British friend told me he couldn’t understand why Chinese people love cracking sunflower seeds (磕瓜子) as a snack so much. “I’ve met a lot of older Chinese and many have a crack (裂缝) in their front teeth; I believe that’s from cracking the seeds,” he said. I had never noticed the habit, but once he mentioned it, I suddenly became more aware. I realized that whenever I’m watching TV or typing a report, I always start mindlessly cracking sunflower seeds. My friend doesn’t like sunflower seeds, and, to him, it seems unnecessary to work so much just to get one small seed. When we were young, the whole family would usually get together for Chinese New Year. Then, we all lived close to one another, usually in a small city, and sometimes even neighbors would go door-to-door on Chinese New Year’s Eve to check out what every family was making. I remember my parents would be in the kitchen cooking. Out in the living room, a large table would already be laid out, complete with fancy tablecloth, ready-made dumpling fillings, and dishes full of candy, fruits and sunflower seeds. Some of the dishes were to be offered to our ancestors later, while others were for neighbors and children to eat before the evening feast. I must have learned how to crack sunflower seeds back then. I don’t think it’s right to criticize one’s choice in food or eating habits, no matter how strange they may seem. It’s not only in China. When I went abroad, I found people had all kinds of strange habits when it came to food. In Denmark, they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner, no matter how much it ruins your breath. They think it’s a delicacy (美味佳肴), and it’s connected to their certain culture. I think it’s a wonderful tradition. 1. What did the writer become aware of? A．She had ever typed a report about seeds. B．She had various snacks while watching TV. C．She had a habit of cracking sunflower seeds. D．She damaged her teeth by eating sunflower seeds. 2. What does the writer prove by mentioning Chinese New Year? A．The families get together for it. B．Eating sunflower seeds is related to it. C．The traditions of celebrating it disappear. D．Children can eat delicious food on that day. 3. The writer’s attitude to Denmark’s way of eating bread is _________. A．negative B．uncertain C．doubtful D．acceptable 4. What lesson can we learn from the story? A．It is good to form healthy eating habits. B．Eating habits come from a certain culture. C．Changing your eating habits will change your life. D．One kind of food doesn’t necessarily suit everyone. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文，文章用中国人喜欢嗑瓜子和丹麦人喜欢吃面包配咸红鱼来证明饮食习惯来自特定的文化。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“I had never noticed the habit, but once he mentioned it, I suddenly became more aware. I realized that whenever I’m watching TV or typing a report, I always start mindlessly cracking sunflower seeds. (我从来没有注意到这个习惯，但他一提起，我就突然意识到了。我意识到，每当我看电视或打报告时，我总是开始无意识地嗑瓜子。)”可知，作者意识到自己有嗑瓜子的习惯。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“When we were young, the whole family would usually get together for Chinese New Year. Then, we all lived close to one another, usually in a small city, and sometimes even neighbors would go door-to-door on Chinese New Year’s Eve to check out what every family was making. (当我们小的时候，全家通常会聚在一起过春节。那时，我们都住得很近，通常住在一个小城市，有时甚至邻居也会在除夕夜挨家挨户地看看每家都在做什么。)”以及第四段中“I must have learned how to crack sunflower seeds back then. (那时候我一定学会了怎么嗑瓜子。)”可知，作者提到中国新年是为了证明嗑瓜子和它有关。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I think it’s a wonderful tradition. (我认为这是一个很棒的传统。)”可知，作者对丹麦吃面包的方式的态度是可接受的。故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文特别是根据最后一段“When I went abroad, I found people had all kinds of strange habits when it came to food. In Denmark, they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner, no matter how much it ruins your breath. They think it’s a delicacy (美味佳肴), and it’s connected to their certain culture. (当我出国时，我发现人们在食物方面有各种奇怪的习惯。在丹麦，他们把咸鱼放在面包上当晚餐吃，不管它会多么破坏你的呼吸。他们认为这是一种美味，与他们的特定文化有关。)”可知，文章告诉我们饮食习惯来自某种文化。故选B。 People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why. Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes. “We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure,whereas Easterners favor the eyes and overlook the mouth.” According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations. The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted (厌恶的), angry, or neutral (中性的). They compared how Accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.” In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified (多样化) these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation. 1. The discovery shows that Westerners ________. A．consider facial expressions universally reliable B．pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth C．observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways D．have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions 2. What were the people asked to do in the study? A．To make a face at each other. B．To get their faces impressive. C．To classify some face pictures. D．To observe the researchers' faces. 3. In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to ________. A．examine the eyes more attentively B．study the mouth more frequently C．perform translation more successfully D．read facial expressions more correctly 4. What key weakness might critics highlight about the study’s design? A．Dependence on subjective emotion categorization. B．Use of posed photos instead of natural expressions. C．Lack of more diverse American cultural groups. D．Failure to track eye movements during observation. 5. What can be the best title for the passage? A．The Eye as the Window to the Soul B．Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions C．Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills D．How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍东西方人在识别面部表情时的文化差异及原因，并强调面部表情并非普遍情感信号，跨文化交流易产生误解。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and overlook the mouth.(西方人对眼睛和嘴巴的关注程度相同，而东方人偏爱眼睛，忽视嘴巴。)”可知，研究发现西方人对眼睛和嘴巴给予同等关注。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral.(研究人员记录了13名西方白种人和13名东亚人的眼球运动，研究他们在识别面部表情时的文化差异。这些人观察带有表情的面部图片，并将其分类为：快乐、悲伤、惊讶、恐惧、厌恶、愤怒或中性。)”可知，研究中人们被要求对一些面部图片进行分类。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did.(结果表明，东方人更关注眼睛，而且比西方人犯的错误多得多。)”可知，与西方人相比，东方人可能更专注地观察眼睛。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted (厌恶的), angry, or neutral (中性的). (研究人员记录了13名西方白种人和13名东亚人的眼球运动，研究他们在识别面部表情时的文化差异。这些人观察带有表情的面部图片，并将其分类为：快乐、悲伤、惊讶、恐惧、厌恶、愤怒或中性。)”可知，研究仅选取了西方白种人和东亚人，缺乏更多元化的美国文化群体，这可能是批评者会强调的研究设计的主要缺陷。故选C项。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.(东亚人往往比欧洲人更难区分面部表情——《当代生物学》在线发表的一份新报告解释了原因。)”及最后一段中的“In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion.(简而言之，数据表明面部表情并不是人类情感的通用信号。)”可知，本文主要介绍了在解读情感方面存在的文化差异，因此“解读情感的文化差异”可以概括文章主题，最适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 二、完形填空 Growing up in Indonesia, I was surrounded by rich traditions and a sense of belonging. But when my family moved to Denmark, everything changed. The cold sky seemed to 1 the confusion and self-doubt that settled in my heart. I felt like a(n) 2 in this new land. In school, I 3 to make friends. My accent, my appearance, and my background set me apart. I tried to hide my Indonesian 4 , hoping to get along with my Danish classmates. But the more I tried, the 5 I felt. I began to hate myself for not being Danish enough. One day, during a particularly difficult period, I had a(n) 6 . I was sitting in the park at the time, feeling very 7 about myself, when I met an elderly woman who struck up a 8 . She listened to my story and then said to me, “You can’t win respect from others if you don’t respect yourself first.” Her words stayed with me. I began to 9 my Indonesian roots, sharing stories and traditions with others. I learned to appreciate the unique mix of 10 that made me who I was. Slowly, I started to see myself in a new 11 . It wasn’t an overnight 12 , but gradually, I learned to love myself for who I was. I realized that my 13 were not weaknesses but strengths. By accepting my true self, I 14 my confidence. And by doing so, I discovered that respect and acceptance from others followed 15 . 1．A．overlook B．approach C．mirror D．prevent 2．A．agent B．outsider C．volunteer D．consultant 3．A．refused B．promised C．agreed D．struggled 4．A．customs B．virtues C．roots D．festivals 5．A．weaker B．lonelier C．calmer D．wiser 6．A．breakthrough B．assumption C．emergency D．conflict 7．A．content B．awkward C．innocent D．bad 8．A．campaign B．lecture C．conversation D．ceremony 9．A．remember B．accept C．abandon D．criticize 10．A．cultures B．lessons C．suggestions D．meanings 11．A．school B．explanation C．society D．light 12．A．transformation B．vision C．routine D．shelter 13．A．opinions B．differences C．mistakes D．disadvantages 14．A．reduced B．lacked C．understood D．regained 15．A．deliberately B．temporarily C．naturally D．systematically 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．A 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．C 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲述了主人公从印度尼西亚搬到丹麦后，经历了文化冲击和自我怀疑。她因自己的口音、外貌和背景而难以融入新环境，甚至试图隐藏自己的印尼文化根源。直到遇到一位智慧老人点醒她“自尊才能赢得尊重”，她才学会接纳自己的双重文化身份，并最终找回自信。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那寒冷的天空似乎映照出了我内心深处的困惑与自我怀疑。A. overlook忽略，不考虑；B. approach接近，靠近；C. mirror反射，映照；D. prevent阻止，妨碍。分析句意和语境可知，主语“The cold sky(寒冷的天空)”正是对“我”初来丹麦的心境“the confusion and self-doubt that settled in my heart(在我心中弥漫的困惑和自我怀疑)”的映照，即，天空映衬了内心状态。故选C项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这片新的土地上，我感觉自己像个局外人。A. agent代理，特工；B. outsider局外人，外来者；C. volunteer志愿者；D. consultant顾问。根据后文“in this new land(在这片新大陆上)”的“新土地”指代丹麦这个陌生的国家，同时结合下段内容“My accent, my appearance, and my background set me apart.( 我的口音、我的外貌以及我的背景使我与众不同。)”可推知，“我”因文化差异而产生的疏离感，虽然生活在这里了，但自己像个局外人。故选B项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在学校里，我很难交到朋友。A. refused拒绝；B. promised答应，许诺；C. agreed同意；D. struggled挣扎，努力。根据后文“My accent, my appearance, and my background set me apart.(我的口音、我的外貌以及我的背景使我与众不同。)”可推知，“我”因口音和背景差异而面临的交朋友的困难。“struggle to do”意为“挣扎着做某事”。故选D项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我试图掩盖自己印尼根源，希望能与我的丹麦同学友好相处。A. customs习俗，风俗；B. virtues美德，优点；C. roots根源；D. festivals节日。与后文“my Indonesian roots(我的印尼根源)”相呼应，这里也应是“roots”，指根源文化或身份背景。故选C项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我越是努力尝试，就越感到孤独。A. weaker较弱的；B. lonelier更孤单的；C. calmer更冷静的；D. wiser更明智的。根据前文“hoping to get along with my Danish classmates(希望能与我的丹麦同学友好相处)”可推知，作者在努力和同学友好相处，想交朋友，而句中的“But(但是)”表达转折，由此推知，作者没有交到朋友，更孤单了。故选B项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，在一个特别艰难的时期，我终于取得了突破。A. breakthrough突破，重大进展；B. assumption假定，假设；C. emergency突发事件，紧急情况；D. conflict争执，矛盾。根据后文“She listened to my story and then said to me, ‘You can’t win respect from others if you don’t respect yourself first.’(她听了我的讲述之后对我说：“如果你连自己都不先尊重好自己，就无法赢得他人的尊重。”)”可知，老妇人告诉了“我”一个道理，而后文“…but gradually, I learned to love myself for who I was(但渐渐地，我学会了欣然接受真实的自己)”提及作者学会了接受并爱真实的自己，由此推知，遇到老妇人成为转折点和突破（breakthrough）。故选A项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时我正坐在公园里，心情非常糟糕，这时我遇到了一位老妇人，于是我们开始交谈起来。A. content满足的，满意的；B. awkward令人尴尬的，使人难堪的；C. innocent天真的，幼稚的；D. bad不好的，令人不悦的。根据前文“One day, during a particularly difficult period(有一天，在一个特别艰难的时期里)” 可知，“我”处于艰难时期，感觉很不好。故选D项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时我正坐在公园里，心情非常糟糕，这时我遇到了一位老妇人，于是我们开始交谈起来。A. campaign（有计划的）活动，运动；B. lecture讲座，讲课；C. conversation对话，交谈；D. ceremony仪式，典礼。根据后文“She listened to my story and then said to me(她听了我的讲述，然后对我说)”可知，他们两个进行了交谈。“strike up a conversation”是固定搭配，指发起谈话。故选C项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始接纳自己印尼根源，并与他人分享自己的故事和传统。A. remember记得，记住；B. accept接受，接纳；C. abandon遗弃；D. criticize批判，批评。根据后文“sharing stories and traditions with others(与他人分享故事和传统)”可知，“我”开始分享与自己文化有关的故事和传统，由此推知，“我”开始接纳自己。故选B项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我学会了欣赏独特的文化融合，这种融合造就了我。A. cultures文化；B. lessons课程，教训；C. suggestions建议； D. meanings意思，含义。根据语境可推知，“the unique mix(这种独特的融合)”应是指“我”处于丹麦，但又是在印尼长大，这是印度尼西亚和丹麦文化的融合。故选A项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，我开始以全新的视角看待自己了。A. school学校；B. explanation解释，说明；C. society社会；D. light光，角度。根据前文“I learned to appreciate the unique mix…(我学会了欣赏这种独特的融合……)”可知，“我”开始欣赏自己，用一种新的视觉角度看待自己。“in a new light”是固定短语，意为“以新视角”。故选D项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这并非是一蹴而就的转变，但渐渐地，我学会了欣然接受真实的自己。A. transformation（彻底或重大的）改观，变化，转变；B. vision眼力，远见；C. routine常规，惯例；D. shelter居所，庇护。根据后文“but gradually, I learned to love myself for who I was(但渐渐地，我学会了欣然接纳真实的自己)”可知，“我”是逐渐学会欣然接纳自己的，这不是一夜之间的转变。故选A项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我意识到，我的与众不同之处并非弱点，而是优点。A. opinions观点，看法；B. differences区别，不同；C. mistakes错误，过失；D. disadvantages缺点，不足。根据前文“My accent, my appearance, and my background set me apart.(我的口音、我的外貌以及我的背景使我与众不同。)”以及“I began to hate myself for not being Danish enough.(我开始讨厌自己不够像丹麦人。)”可知，“我”的出身，文化背景等与当地丹麦人的不同之处曾被“我”看作为弱点。故选B项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过接受真实的自我，我重新找回了自信。A. reduced减少，降低；B. lacked缺少，缺乏；C. understood理解，认识；D. regained重新获得，恢复。根据前文“I realized that my ____13 ___ were not weaknesses but strengths. By accepting my true self…(我意识到，我的与众不同之处并非弱点，而是优点。通过接纳真实的自我……)”可推知，“我”意识到自己不同其实是优点，那么接纳自己就使自己重拾了信心。故选D项。 15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：通过这样做，我发现他人的尊重与接纳自然而然地就随之而来。A. deliberately故意地；B. temporarily暂时地，临时地；C. naturally自然而然地；D. systematically系统地，有条理地。根据前文老妇人的话“You can’t win respect from others if you don’t respect yourself first.(如果你不先尊重自己，就无法赢得他人的尊重。)”可推知，当“我”开始接纳，尊重自己，那么其他人也会自然而然地的尊重“我”。故选C项。 三、七选五 How to Work with Different Cultures Working effectively with different cultures is a necessary skill for anyone in a culturally diverse work environment. Cultural variations in the workplace may range from simple regional differences, such as varying dialects, to different viewpoints on timeliness, efficiency, and communication. 1 Be aware of your words and actions. What seems proper to you may not be a cultural standard to another person. Before you give someone at work a high five or a pat on the back, take a moment to consider your actions. Based on what you know about that culture, is touching in the workplace proper? 2 Is what you’re about to say possibly rude? If so, figure out a way to express it differently. Practice patience. It may take a while for you to get used to working with people from different cultures. Don’t worry, that’s normal. Try not to get angry if communication takes a little extra effort at first. For example, maybe you are now working with someone whose first language is not your mother tongue. In this case, they might not understand your point. 3   Try saying, “Ok, I can see I’m not making myself clear. How can I help us get on the same page?” Look at issues from a different angle. Don’t assume that you are all looking at the issue from the same angle. It’s possible that you might think you’re working with the same goals in mind, but others may have different ideas about how to achieve them. 4 Looking at an issue from another perspective can help you find solutions that you might not have considered. 5 But if you put yourself in the right frame of mind, you will likely find it a rewarding experience despite some challenges. A．An important strategy is asking questions. B．A good rule is to consider your words before you speak. C．Learning to communicate better helps you work with people. D．There are suggestions for you to work with different cultures. E．Once someone explains their viewpoint, take some time to reflect F．Instead of getting impatient, try to treat it as a learning experience. G．If you’ve never worked with different cultures before, it can be difficult. 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．F 4．E 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何与不同文化背景的人有效合作的方法。 1．上文提到“Cultural variations in the workplace may range from simple regional differences, such as varying dialects, to different viewpoints on timeliness, efficiency, and communication.(工作场所的文化差异可能从简单的地区差异（如不同的方言）到对时间观念、效率和沟通的不同观点)”这说明工作场所存在多种文化差异。D选项“There are suggestions for you to work with different cultures.(这里有一些与你不同文化同事共事的建议)”正好引出下文要讲述的内容，即如何与不同文化背景的人有效合作，起到了承上启下的作用。故选D。 2．上文提到“Before you give someone at work a high five or a pat on the back, take a moment to consider your actions.(在工作上想要和别人击个掌或者拍一下别人的背之前，花点时间考虑一下你的行为)”这暗示了在行动之前要考虑清楚。B选项“A good rule is to consider your words before you speak.(一条好规则就是在说话之前要考虑你的言辞)”与上文相呼应，进一步强调了在与不同文化背景的人交往时，要注意自己的言行举止，避免因为不了解对方的文化而造成误解或冒犯。故选B。 3．上文提到“In this case, they might not understand your point.(在这种情况下，他们可能不理解你的意思)”这说明在与非母语者沟通时可能会遇到理解障碍。F选项“Instead of getting impatient, try to treat it as a learning experience.(不要不耐烦，试着把它当作一次学习的经历)”给出了应对这种情况的建议，即要有耐心，把沟通障碍当作一次学习的机会，这与上文的情境相符。故选F。 4．上文提到“It’s possible that you might think you’re working with the same goals in mind, but others may have different ideas about how to achieve them.(你可能认为你们都在为实现同一个目标而努力，但其他人可能对如何实现这些目标有不同的想法)”这说明在团队合作中可能存在对目标实现方式的不同理解。E选项“Once someone explains their viewpoint, take some time to reflect(一旦有人解释了他们的观点，花点时间思考)”给出了一个应对这种情况的建议，即当有人提出不同的观点时，要耐心倾听并花时间思考，这有助于更好地理解对方的立场和想法，从而找到更好的解决方案。故选E。 5．下文提到“But if you put yourself in the right frame of mind, you will likely find it a rewarding experience despite some challenges.(但如果你调整好自己的心态，尽管会遇到一些挑战，你也会觉得这是一次有益的经历)”这说明虽然与不同文化背景的人合作可能会遇到困难，但只要调整好心态就能获得积极的体验。G选项“If you’ve never worked with different cultures before, it can be difficult.(如果你以前从未与不同文化背景的人合作过，这可能会很困难)”正好引出了下文的转折关系，即虽然困难但值得尝试。故选G。 一、听力技巧 在英语听力中，“use context to guess words（利用语境猜词）”是核心技巧之一，指的是当听到陌生词汇时，通过其前后的信息（如上下文逻辑、语法结构、场景提示、同义/反义关系等）推断词义，从而不被生词阻碍理解。这一技巧尤其适用于高考听力，因为真题中常出现超纲词，但上下文往往会给出足够线索。具体方法如下： 1. 利用定义和解释：若听力中对生词进行了直接定义或解释，可据此猜测词义。如听到 “Anthropology is the scientific study of man.”，即便不知道 “anthropology” 的意思，根据 “the scientific study of man（对人类的科学研究）” 也能猜出它是 “人类学” 的意思。 2. 寻找同义词或反义词：关注生词附近是否有同义词或反义词，以此推测词义。若听到 “Jane is timid, unlike her sister who is very brave.”，由 “unlike” 和 “brave” 可知，“timid” 与 “brave” 意思相反，应为 “胆小的” 之意。 3. 依据因果关系：根据听力材料中的因果逻辑关系猜测词义。例如 “Tom is very fastidious, so he seldom satisfies with others' work.”，由 “so” 可知前后是因果关系，因 “seldom satisfies with others' work（很少对别人的工作满意）”，可推测 “fastidious” 是 “挑剔的” 意思。 4. 借助举例说明：若听力中通过举例来阐述某个生词，可根据例子猜测词义。如 “Some birds, such as sparrows, finches and swallows, are small in size.”，通过 “sparrows（麻雀）”“finches（雀类）”“swallows（燕子）” 可推测 “birds” 是 “鸟类” 的意思。 5. 分析句子结构：通过分析句子结构，判断生词在句中的成分和词性，辅助猜测词义。如 “He is a philanthropist, who has donated millions of dollars to build schools and hospitals.”，“a philanthropist” 作表语，结合后面 “捐赠数百万美元修建学校和医院” 的描述，可推测它是指 “慈善家” 这类人。 二、关键提醒 高考听力中的生词通常不会影响对主旨的理解，猜词时无需追求“精确翻译”，只需抓住核心含义（如“正向/负向”“动作/物品”）即可。平时练习时可刻意关注上下文逻辑，培养对线索词（转折、因果、举例等）的敏感度，逐步提升猜词准确率。 $