专题08 阅读回答问题（期中真题汇编，上海专用）八年级英语上学期

专题08 阅读回答问题 人与社会 Passage 1 （23-24八上·上海青浦区教师进修学院附属中学·期中） Yesterday the police and more than 20 volunteers started to search for the two missing teenagers, Vicky Gray and Tom Hunter, and their guide, Gavin Jones. The police said they had disappeared during an adventure tour of Cape York Peninsula. This was the second day of the search and it was getting dark. The police were now very worried about the safety of the missing people. The police said that the search had covered a wide area, but the rainforest was thick and the recent rain made their work harder. Later on, the police officer Roger Fleet said, “The travellers had a radio with them. If they had been in trouble, they would have called us.” The travellers left Cooktown before daybreak on Saturday morning in a Toyota car. They took a small dirt road that runs down to the Daintree River, a dangerous river full of crocodiles. Roger said the tourists wouldn’t have got into trouble if they had stayed on the main road. The police found a photo of Vicky and Tom under the “Be Careful about Crocodiles” sign near the river. Why was the photo left behind? This is just one of the unanswered questions. Other questions are: Why was the Toyota parked and locked at the edge (边缘) of the rainforest? The police said that the travellers had left a map of the area behind. What does it mean? If anyone can give information or has seen these young people, contact the local police in Cooktown. 1．How many people disappeared during the adventure tour? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．What made the search of the missing people even harder? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．How did the travellers leave Cooktown on Saturday morning? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．Which didn’t the police find, a touring map, the travellers’ photo or the travellers’ radio? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．What do the local police ask people to do? The local police ask people to ___________________________________________________________________. 6．As a tourist, would you like to take the small dirt road or the main road? Give your reasons. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 （24-25八上·上海建平南汇实验学校·期中） Albert Einstein is considered as one of the greatest minds of the twentieth century. Even as a small boy Einstein was thoughtful. It was said that he was a slow talker and he did not start talking until he was three years old. The boy was encouraged by his uncle, an engineer, and by a medical student who ate dinner once a week at the Einstein’s home. Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879, in Germany. Though he attended school as a young boy, his real studies were done at home with books on math, physics and philosophy. By the age of 12 he had taught himself geometry (几何学). A teacher advised Einstein to leave school, since he destroyed the other students’ respect for the teacher. When he was 15, he had to leave school in mid-term to join his parents, who had moved to Italy. At the age of 16 he failed the exam to enter a school, where he would have been trained as an electrical engineer. At that time, Einstein developed a plan. He decided to enter a school to study maths and physics so that he could become a teacher. In 1900 he graduated as a teacher of maths and physics. His teachers did not think very highly of him, so he had difficulty in finding a job in a university. In 1901 he took a job as a high school teacher and married Mileva Martisch. One year later, Einstein became a teacher at the University of Bern. In 1905 Einstein wrote a paper on what is now known as the Special Theory of Relativity (狭义相对论). He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 for his work on the photoelectric effect (光电反应). Did you know that there is even a crater (陨石坑) on the moon named after Einstein? 7．Einstein started to speak very early when he was a little, didn’t he? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 8．Why did Einstein have to leave school in mid-term when he was fifteen? Because he had to _____________________________________________________________________________. 9．When did Einstein become a university teacher? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 10．What did Einstein win in 1921? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 11．What’s your impression (印象) of Einstein? Use one sentence to give your reason. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 （24-25八上·上海扬波中学·期中） Education in Ancient Greece The ancient Greeks were great builders and thinkers. Their ideas still influence (影响) us today, especially in the arts, science, literature and philosophy. But school for boys and girls in ancient Greece was very different from today. School for boys Boys in ancient Greece stayed at home when they were young. They helped their parents work and had hobbies like fishing and sailing. At age six or seven, most of them started to go to school. They studied philosophy and how to play the lyre (a kind of musical instrument). They also studied other subjects, but they did not use many books. Most of what they learned was said out loud and memorized. School for girls In most places in ancient Greece, girls did not go to school. They stayed at home and learned from their mothers. Girls were not allowed to go outside the house much. However, things were different for girls in a part of Greece called Sparta. Girls there went to military school where they learned how to fight! This was to prepare them for joining the army. Girls in Sparta were allowed to go outside the house a lot more. 12．Things at school in ancient Greece for boys and girls are not the same as today, are they? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 13．In which subjects do ancient Greek ideas still influence us? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 14．What instrument did boys learn to play? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 15．In which part of ancient Greece were girls allowed to go to school? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 16．What do you think of your school nowadays? (请从你学校的课程设置、校园建设、校园生活方面进行描述，只写一个形容词不给分) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 4 （23-24八上·上海杨浦区·期中） What is it like being a film star? What’s it like in front of the camera? Students from Steamboat Spring Middle School in the US could tell you exactly what it’s like. They recently got a taste of the life of a star. A local movie company wanted to produce a film. All the actors in this film were to be students. Fourteen students were chosen from the school. The film, called Ruby vs Wolfgang, was based on the story of Little Red Riding Hood (《小红帽》). It came with a twist (改变), however—the story was told from the perspective (看法) of the wolf. Zoe Walsh, a seventh-grader, signed up to do behind-the-scenes work. But she soon found herself in front of the camera. She played a strange middle school student in the film. “It’s just for fun,” she told the Steamboat Today. “Just pretending that you’re someone else.” But there were also difficulties. It was very cold during shooting. Students had to put up with snow and icy wind. Lack (缺乏) of experience was another problem. The director Michael Staley said he tried to help each student bring out the wolf—or whatever animals they represent—in themselves. Erus Harrington, an eighth-grader, said he played a nice, silly British guy. He learned the British accent all at home. “I just taught myself how to do it by watching videos,” he said “It makes me feel good after I do it because I’m proud of myself.” The students will watch themselves on the big screen for the first time during the film festival at a local high school in May. “I’m probably going to laugh at myself,” said Zach, the brother of Zoe. 17．Fourteen students were chosen as actors in this film, weren’t they? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 18．Who did Walsh play in the film? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 19．How did Harrington learn the British accent? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 20．Where will the students first see the film acted by themselves? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 21．What were the two main problems for the actors?  （No more than three words for each blank.） __________________________________ and __________________________________. 22．What do you think of being a film star? Why do you think so? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25八上·上海奉贤区·期中） Mr. Smith stood before his class of 30 students and was going to hand out the final exam papers. “I know how hard you have all worked to get ready for this test,” he said, “And because I know you are all able to understand these questions, I’m ready to offer a B to anyone who would prefer not to take the test.” A number of students jumped up to thank the teacher and left the classroom. Mr. Smith looked at the rest of the students and said, “Does anyone else want to get a B? This is your last chance.” Two more students decided to go. Seven students stayed. Mr. Smith then handed out the papers. There were only three sentences on the paper: Congratulations! You have received an A in this class. Keep believing yourself. I never had a teacher who gave a test like that, but I think it is a test that any teacher could and should give. Students who do not have confidence in what they have learned are B students at most. The same is true of students in real life. The A students are those who believe in what they are doing because they have learned from both successes and failures. They have learned life’s lessons, whether from school education or from events in their lives, and have become better people. Scientists say that by the age of eight, 80 percent of what we believe about ourselves has already been formed. You are a big kid now and you realize that you have some limits (局限). However, __________. Sir Edmund Hillary, the first person to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma, said, “We do not conquer the mountain, but ourselves.” 23．How many students left the classroom altogether? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 24．There weren’t any questions on the test paper, were there? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 25．Why did some students choose to get a B without taking the test? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 26．What kind of students can get A according to the writer? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 27．What does the underlined word in the last sentence mean in Chinese? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 28．What can be filled in the blank in the last paragraph? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 （24-25八上·上海位育中学·期中） From the time each of my children started school, I packed their lunches. And in each lunch, I packed a note. Often written on a piece of small paper, it might be a thank-you for an unusual moment, a reminder of something we were happily expecting, or a bit of encouragement for the coming test or sporting event. In early grade school they loved their notes. But as children grow older they become self-conscious (有自我意识的), and by the time he reached high school, my older son, Marc, informed me he no longer enjoyed my daily notes. Telling him that he no longer needed to read them but I still needed to write them, I continued until the day he graduated. Six years after high school graduation, Marc called and asked if he could move home for a couple of months. He had spent those years well, graduating from college, completing two internship (实习) in Washington, D．C．, and finally, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento. However, he had lived away from home except for short holiday visits. With his younger sister leaving for college, I was especially happy to have Marc back. Since I was still making lunch for his younger brother, I packed one for Marc, too. Imagine my surprise when I got a call from my 24-year-old son, asking about his lunch. “Did I do something wrong? Don’t you love me any longer, Mom?” he asked. “Of course I love you, dear!” I laughingly said. “What’s wrong?” “My note, Mom,” he answered. “Where’s my note?” 29．The writer wrote the daily notes in her children’s exercise books, didn’t she? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 30．What kind of note did the writer give her children before a test? She gave them a note __________________________________________________________________________. 31．What did Marc suggest his mother do when he reached high school? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 32．When did Marc visit home during the six years after he left high school? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 33．How do you understand the underlined part “Don’t you love me any longer, Mom” and why? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 （24-25八上·上海松江区·期中） Getting Creative with crime An experiment carried out at Newcastle University aimed at reducing the number of bike thefts has produced some unusual results. The most efficient way of stopping people from stealing bikes seems so simple. If you want to persuade thieves not to act, make them feel they’re being watched! Posters showing a large pair of eyes were put up near three bike racks (自行车架) at the university. The researchers explained that the number of thefts decreased by 62 per cent compared to the previous year. Experts claim that the images of eyes make people feel they’re being watched. They say that we all care what other people think about us and that’s why we behave better when we think someone is looking. The “giant eyes” poster isn’t the only unusual method being used on UK streets. In the East Midlands city of Leicester, police are inviting people to make large woolly balls and hang them up in trees around the area. They hope that these colourful additions to neighbourhoods will help create a safer place to live. The thinking behind the idea is that if you create a pleasant environment, people are more likely to behave better. “We live in a world where our every move is being watched by CCTV cameras”, one of the organizers told us. “The cameras are there to deter (威慑) possible criminals, but they come at a price, and many people don’t like being watched 24 hours a day. We believe there’s another way. We want to encourage people to take more pride in where they live.” However, not all residents (居民) are happy. Many of them refuse to believe it will make any difference. They’re demanding that the police do more and stop wasting their time on mad plans like this and do some real policing. We need to see more policemen walking around our streets, especially at night. 34．What is the most efficient way of persuading thieves not to act? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 35．Where were the “giant eyes” posters placed? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 36．Why did the number of thefts decrease at racks with posters? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 37．What are the disadvantages of CCTV cameras? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 38．What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 39．Do you believe the second method will work? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 4 （24-25八上·上海立达中学·期中） Emojis (表情符号) have become truly popular in recent years. In 2015, Oxford Dictionaries even chose an emoji as its word of the year. So, what exactly are emojis? Emojis are little pictures used for ideas, expressing feelings and emotions. They are often seen in text messages and on the internet. The first emoji was created by a Japanese engineer in 1999. He named the little picture “emoji.” The name is made up of two Japanese words: “e” and “moji.” “E” means “picture” and “moji” means “character”. Now, there are emojis for almost everything, such as food, sports and animals. These emojis are widely used in everyday life. Believe it or not, there are over six billion emojis being sent everyday! So, why do people use emojis? When we talk, a lot of meaning is conveyed (传递) through our body language. However, the meaning can get lost in written language. With emojis, people are able to express such meaning even when they can’t see each other. Besides, people use emojis when they find it hard to explain or describe something in words. Many people see emojis as the language of the future. Are you fond of using this new language skill? 40．Oxford Dictionaries once chose an emoji as its word of the year, didn’t they?   ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41．What are emojis? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42．When was the first emoji created? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43．According to the article, how many emojis are sent every week? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 44．According to the article, what are the reasons why people use emojis? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 45．Are you fond of using this new language skill? Why? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25八上·上海嘉定区·期中） On a hot summer day, Clara was enjoying a glass of juice in the yard while her mom was busy cutting grass with a noisy lawnmower (割草机). Clara wished her mom could play with her, but the grass was tall and had to be cut. Suddenly, the lawnmower stopped, and Clara noticed her mom looked sad. She picked something up from the grass and walked over to Clara. In her mom’s hand was a small turtle! As Clara looked closer, she noticed one of its legs was in bad shape. “I think I broke his leg,” her mom said, feeling sad. “Would you help me take care of him?” Clara felt sorry for the little turtle. A turtle moved slowly, so he probably could not run away when he saw the lawnmower coming. And Clara’s mom could not see him in the tall grass! Together, Clara and her mom decided to help. They named the turtle Phillip and took him to the vet. The vet took an X-ray of Phillip’s leg and made sure that it was broken. Phillip got a splint (夹板) and bandage, and the vet explained how to care for him. At home, Clara set up a tank with water and rocks for Phillip. She gave him fruit, leaves, and kept his tank clean. Eight weeks later, the vet said Phillip’s leg was healthy again. Clara was happy Phillip was better but sad to let him go. She gave Phillip one last meal, kissed his shell, and gently placed him back in the grass. Clara knew she’d always remember her time with Phillip. 46．Was Clara interested in cutting grass? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 47．Why did Clara’s mom look sad and have to stop the lawnmower? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 48．Who helped the turtle to get healthy? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 49．How many times did Clara and her mom take the turtle to the vet? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 50．What did Clara do with the turtle after his leg was healthy? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 51．What do you think of Clara? Why? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 （23-24八上·上海闵行区·期中） During summer vacations, I would volunteer at the vet’s, so I’d seen a lot of dogs. Minnie was by far the funniest-looking dog I’d ever seen. Thin curly hair barely covered her sausage-shaped body. Her big eyes always looked surprised. And her tail looked like a rat’s. She was brought to the vet to be put to sleep because her owners didn’t want her anymore. But I thought Minnie had a sweet personality. “No one should judge her by her looks,” I thought. So instead of putting her to sleep, the vet gave her the chance to be adopted (收养) by someone else. I advertised Minnie in the local paper: “Funny-looking dog, well behaved, needs a loving family.” When a young man called, I warned him that Minnie was strange looking. The boy on the phone told me that his grandfather’s 16-year-old dog had just died. They wanted Minnie no matter what it looked like. I gave Minnie a good bath. Then we waited for them to arrive. At last, an old car drove up in front of the vet’s. Two kids ran to the door. They took Minnie to their grandfather, who was waiting in the car. I hurried behind them to see his reaction to Minnie. The grandfather carried Minnie in his arms and touched her soft hair. She licked (舔) his face. It was love at first lick. “She’s perfect!” the old man said excitedly. I was thankful that Minnie had found the good home that she deserved. That’s when I saw that the grandfather’s eyes were a milky white color---he was blind. 52．Minnie was a good-looking dog, wasn’t she? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 53．Why did Minnie’s owners bring her to the vet? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 54．How did the vet deal with Minnie? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 55．What did Grandfather do to Minnie? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 56．Did the writer think Minnie would be loved by the new owner? Which sentence in the passage supports your answer? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 57．Will you adopt Minnie? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25八上·上海黄浦区·期中） When a computer works on a group of programs, it can get very hot. Cooling the computer can cost a lot. So some scientists wonder what would happen if the heat from the computer could be used. Large Internet companies such as Google and Microsoft have thousands of computers. As these computers work out problems, they produce lots of heat, so they need huge cooling systems. These systems send the heat into the air. A company in Holland thinks paying to make the computers work and then paying again to cool them are a waste of energy. So the company developed a special device—the e-Radiator. Boaz Leupe, head of the company, says the e-Radiator works as a heating system and saves money. He explains that the energy is used twice—once to heat the home and once to cool the computers and that the users don’t have to pay to cool their computers. Five homeowners in Holland are testing the heating system in their homes. “We pay for the computer using, so in that way, homeowners get heating for free,” Boaz says. Jan Visser is one of the homeowners. “If you use the computer more, the e-Radiator produces more heat,” he says, “it can’t provide enough heat if you don’t use your computer often.” But he is ready to try it. It’s a great help for his family. The company says e-Radiators produce heat temperatures of up to 55℃. It says the system could save its users about $440 a year. 58．Can a computer get very hot when it works on a group of programs? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 59．Why do large Internet companies need cooling systems? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 60．Which company developed the e-Radiator? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 61．How many times is the energy of the e-Radiator used? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 62．How does the e-Radiator produce more heat? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 63．What do you think of the e-Radiator? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 （23-24八上·上海松江区·期中） It was Amir’s goal to climb the mountain far away in the countryside. His big brother and his dad had already made it to the top. Amir was different. He had not climbed the mountain yet. In his free time, Amir read about the mountain. When he read the distance from the bottom to the top, he didn’t think the climb would be pleasant. However, he decided to have a try. Keeping this goal in mind, Amir came to his father for help. “It will be tough for me to get to the top of this mountain for it’s 14, 000 feet (4, 267 meters) high.” he told his dad. “Well, of course, it won’t be easy, but I’m sure you can do this. First, you must believe in yourself. Second, you need to do some training,”his dad said. “You can be my student. It is important for you to get ready first.” “Training? Should I lift weights and climb stairs? ” “Yes, you should. And I’ll join you for a run every day.” “Do you know how long the training will take?” asked Amir. “I think it will possibly take two or three months. So, last but not the least, don’t give up.” his dad said. So, Amir began his training. He worked so hard that he didn’t stop even on rainy days. Day after day, he run faster and faster. He could climb stairs easily. So, he felt more confident about the climb. One morning, three months later,  the moment came and Amir was ready. 64．Did Amir’s father manage to climb to the top of the mountain? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 65．What did Amir think of the climb when he read about it? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 66．How many suggestions did Amir’s father give him? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 67．How did Amir train to achieve his goal? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 68．What did “the moment” in the last sentence refer to? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 69．Do you think Amir would achieve his goal? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 （24-25八上·上海建平中学西校·期中） According to some experts, a smart home is now available（可得到的）. There are coffee pots that turn on when the alarm clock rings. There are fridges that send an alert when the milk runs out. These smart appliances are changing our lives greatly. However, it seems few people are making their homes smart. In a U. S. survey, only six percent of American families have a smart appliances. More than 70 percent of people have no plans to buy smart appliances in the next two to five years. Why are smart home appliances having a hard time reaching the market? There are several reasons. First, a lot of smart appliances are just fun. They are not essential（必要的）. Many of them are too expensive. One of Samsung’s smart fridges have cameras inside. It can check for rotting food. It can also allow the user to know what he is short of while he’s shopping. However, the fridge sells for $5,000. People who can afford it probably don’t do their own shopping. For the rest of us, we regularly check the food in our fridges, don’t we? The technology is not yet perfect, either. There are complaints that smart appliances sometimes stop working or become dull. 70．Can customers get a smart home on the market now? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 71．Many American families are making their homes smart, aren’t they? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 72．How many people have no plans to buy smart appliances in the next two to five years? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 73．What do Samsung’s smart fridges have inside? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 74．Why do people prefer to check the food in the fridge themselves? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 75．Do you look forward to a smart home? Why? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 4 （23-24八上·上海位育中学·期中） In the1800s, the steam locomotive (蒸汽火车头) was considered by many to be a symbol of the new Industrial Age. It was, in fact, one of the most important inventions of the time. Over the years, there have been many changes to the locomotive. One of the most important has been its source of power. The first railroads used horses for power, but the development of the steam locomotive made railroads a practical way of transportation. The first steam locomotive was built in 1804 in Britain by Richard Trevithick. It could pull 50,000 pounds, but it was not very successful because it was so heavy that it caused the rails to fall apart. However, it encouraged other engineers to try to build steam locomotives. Two of the most important men to accept the challenge were George Stephenson and his son, Robert. Robert once won a contest to build the best locomotive. The Rocket, as he called it, had an average speed of 20 miles per hour, and the top speed was 29 miles per hour. In America, developments in steam engines were close behind those of the British. In 1830, Peter Cooper’s tiny locomotive, called Tom Thumb, lost a famous race against a horse-drawn coach. Although Peter Copper failed, it still made railroad officials believe that steam power was more practical than horse power. Just before the turn of the century, the electric locomotive became widely in use. Its most successful period was the 1940s when U.S. railroads had 2,400 miles of electric routes. The diesel (柴油) locomotive was invented in the 1890s by Rudolf Diesel, a German engineer. The power of this locomotive came from a diesel fuel engine. The diesel locomotive is still in use today. It costs about twice as much as a steam locomotive to build but it is much cheaper to operate. 76．The steam locomotive was one of the most important inventions in the 1800s, wasn’t it? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 77．Who built the first steam locomotive? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 78．What does the underlined phrase “fall apart” in paragraph 2. mean? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 79．How fast could the Rocket go? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 80．Why do you think different people have continued working hard to develop the locomotive? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25八上·上海民办欣竹中学·期中） An Unusual Garden The old 1986 truck was a gift from his grandfather. It worked, but it used a lot of gas. Ian Cheney looked at his grandfather’s truck and thought of a farm. As in other large cities, there is not much space to grow food in New York. Yet Cheney wanted a vegetable garden. Many farmers in New York have found creative ways to grow vegetables, such as rooftop gardens, community gardens in old parking lots, and even a floating garden in the Hudson River. Cheney, however, didn’t have access to any of these spaces. So the old truck was a practical solution. The back of the truck provided him with the space he needed. So Cherry set to work. First, he drilled holes in the truck bed — allowing water to pass through. Then he laid down a recycled plastic mat. The soil came next — a special lightweight variety. He made sure that everything was organic. Cheney preferred organic because he wanted to grow vegetables without chemicals. Then he planted lettuce, herbs, spinach, and tomatoes. Finally, he watered and waited. When the food was ready to pick, Cheney drove the truck from one urban neighborhood to another. He gave away some of the vegetables. He sold the rest to friends and neighbors. Everywhere he parked, passersby stopped and talked about the beautiful vegetable garden in the back of the truck. Cheney strongly believes that people are better off eating more local food — that is, food grown close to where they live. Local food has both environmental and health advantages. It reduces “food miles”. The term food miles refers to the distance between where you produce food and where you sell it. A lot of the food in large supermarkets travels hundreds of miles to get to your dinner table. This has an economic and environmental cost. Then there is the question of nutrition-food that helps you grow and be healthy. The nutritional benefits of vegetables decrease over time. So eating food within a few days of harvesting is healthier for you. Cheney knows that his truck farm cannot solve the problem of the lack of fresh food in some neighborhoods. Yet, like rooftop gardens, it could be part of the solution. As Cheney says, “If we can grow food in the back of an ’86 Dodge pickup, we can definitely find better ways to grow more fresh produce.” 81．The old 1986 truck from Ian Cheney’s grandfather is working properly, isn’t it? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 82．Where does Cheney plant his vegetables? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 83．Why did Cheney drill holes in the truck bed? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 84．How did Cheney deal with the vegetables he grew? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 85．What do you think of farmers in New York in the passage? Give your reasons. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 （24-25八上·上海闵行区·期中） Caring for pets as a new job Wang Zihan, a 15-year-old boy student, Liaoning During the winter holiday, my family planned out a vacation, but what about my beloved dog? A friend suggested finding a pet sitter and I was curious about this job. Cao Ting, 27, a pet sitter, Sichuan     l am a pet sitter from Chengdu. I’ve been in this job for two years. Pet owners can contact me through different platforms such as pet care websites and social media, like Xiaohongshu and Douyin. Wang: What do pet sitters need to do? How do you improve your professional skills? Cao: I need to feed pets and play with them. I also do other tasks if owners ask me to, such as bathing the pets and trimming their nails. To learn professional pet care skills, I need to attend online or offline pet care training courses, talk with other pet sitters and get experience through practice. Wang: What interesting experiences do pet sitters have? Cao: I once cared for a dog that was very sensitive to sounds. It would look around whenever someone visited, making sure everything was OK. This experience made me realize that each pet has its own character. I learned to spend more time with them, getting to know their quirks (怪癖) and habits, and building a bond to make them feel safe and happy. Wang: How do pet sitters ensure property security during in-home services? Cao: When pet sitters come to take care of pets at the owner’s home, the owners may worry about keeping the house safe. So I always ask pet    owners to put away their valuable things and maybe even set up cameras for extra safety. This way, we can make sure their places are safe, and if anything goes missing, we’ll have proof to help solve the problem.     Wang: _________________________________?     Cao: Right now, pet sitters don’t always make stable money. And you need to find clients and learn from experience bit by bit. But I am positive about this job’s future. People are starting to care more about their pets’ health and happiness. I believe that there will be lots of new opportunities in the future. 86．How old is Wang Zihan? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 87．How can pet owners contact Cao? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 88．What did Cao do to improve his professional skills? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 89．Why does Cao set up cameras at the owner’s home? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 90．What can be filled in the blank of the last paragraph? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 （23-24八上·上海崇明区部分学校联考·期中） Once again, my experiment had refused to work. I felt hopeless. A few months earlier, when I started the project, I was confident. I believed I could make it if I worked hard enough. So I spent over 10 hours in the lab every day. When the experiment failed, I simply worked harder. Yet here I was, working harder than ever—but not getting anywhere. I didn’t know what to do. It was late in the evening. One other person was still in the lab, and he noticed my worried look. He came over and asked how I was doing. I told him about my problems. After we talked through the experiment, he said, “I think it’s time to go home and get some sleep.” “Taking a break is also hard work, you know,” he added with a smile. Those words opened my eyes. I no longer overworked myself in the lab. I felt less stressed (有压力的) and my research started to progress (进展). A few years later, my professor and I were discussing an age-old problem at a cafe. As he finished his coffee, he said, “We need to work smarter, not harder.” I felt kind of surprised. I had never heard my professor say anything like this. Our conversation that day helps me understand that exciting ideas seldom come from a mind under pressure. My best ideas always come after I have allowed my mind to relax—whether that’s cooking a nice dinner or going on long hikes with my brother. Today, I try to pass this idea on to my own students. ______________________________. 91．When did the writer start the project? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 92．How many hours did the writer spend in the lab every day? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 93．What did the other person in the lab notice? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 94．Exciting ideas seldom come from a mind under pressure, do they? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 95．How do the writer relax his mind? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 96．What can be filled in the blank? Today, I try to pass this idea on to my own students. _________________________________________________. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 阅读回答问题 人与社会 Passage 1 （23-24八上·上海青浦区教师进修学院附属中学·期中） Yesterday the police and more than 20 volunteers started to search for the two missing teenagers, Vicky Gray and Tom Hunter, and their guide, Gavin Jones. The police said they had disappeared during an adventure tour of Cape York Peninsula. This was the second day of the search and it was getting dark. The police were now very worried about the safety of the missing people. The police said that the search had covered a wide area, but the rainforest was thick and the recent rain made their work harder. Later on, the police officer Roger Fleet said, “The travellers had a radio with them. If they had been in trouble, they would have called us.” The travellers left Cooktown before daybreak on Saturday morning in a Toyota car. They took a small dirt road that runs down to the Daintree River, a dangerous river full of crocodiles. Roger said the tourists wouldn’t have got into trouble if they had stayed on the main road. The police found a photo of Vicky and Tom under the “Be Careful about Crocodiles” sign near the river. Why was the photo left behind? This is just one of the unanswered questions. Other questions are: Why was the Toyota parked and locked at the edge (边缘) of the rainforest? The police said that the travellers had left a map of the area behind. What does it mean? If anyone can give information or has seen these young people, contact the local police in Cooktown. 1．How many people disappeared during the adventure tour? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．What made the search of the missing people even harder? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．How did the travellers leave Cooktown on Saturday morning? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．Which didn’t the police find, a touring map, the travellers’ photo or the travellers’ radio? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．What do the local police ask people to do? The local police ask people to ___________________________________________________________________. 6．As a tourist, would you like to take the small dirt road or the main road? Give your reasons. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1．Three people. 2．The recent rain. 3．In a Toyota car./By car. 4．The travellers’ radio. 5．provide/give information about the missing people 6．I would like to take the main road because the small dirt road runs down to the Daintree River, a dangerous river full of crocodiles. If we stay on the main road, we won’t get into trouble./I would take the small dirt road because I want to take an adventure tour of Cape Yoke Peninsula. I want to see the crocodiles in the Daintree River but I will call the police by radio if we are in trouble. 【导语】本文主要介绍了两个青少年和一个导游在探险之旅中失踪了，警察和20个志愿者开始全力营救搜寻他们，同时发现了很多的疑点，呼吁见到的人提供一些信息。 1．根据“Yesterday the police and more than 20 volunteers started to search for the two missing teenagers, Vicky Gray and Tom Hunter, and their guide, Gavin Jones.”可知，有三个人不见了。故填Three people. 2．根据“The police said that the search had covered a wide area, but the rainforest was thick and the recent rain made their work harder.”可知，最近的降雨使搜救变得困难。故填The recent rain. 3．根据“The travellers left Cooktown before daybreak on Saturday morning in a Toyota car.”可知，周六黎明前，游客们乘坐一辆丰田汽车离开了库克镇。故填In a Toyota car./By car. 4．根据最后一段可知，警察没有找到旅行者的收音机。故填The travellers’ radio. 5．根据“If anyone can give information or has seen these young people, contact the local police in Cooktown.”可知，当地警察要求人们提供失踪人的信息。故填provide/give information about the missing people。 6．开放性试题，结合实际，言之有理即可。参考答案为I would like to take the main road because the small dirt road runs down to the Daintree River, a dangerous river full of crocodiles. If we stay on the main road, we won’t get into trouble./I would take the small dirt road because I want to take an adventure tour of Cape Yoke Peninsula. I want to see the crocodiles in the Daintree River but I will call the police by radio if we are in trouble. Passage 2 （24-25八上·上海建平南汇实验学校·期中） Albert Einstein is considered as one of the greatest minds of the twentieth century. Even as a small boy Einstein was thoughtful. It was said that he was a slow talker and he did not start talking until he was three years old. The boy was encouraged by his uncle, an engineer, and by a medical student who ate dinner once a week at the Einstein’s home. Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879, in Germany. Though he attended school as a young boy, his real studies were done at home with books on math, physics and philosophy. By the age of 12 he had taught himself geometry (几何学). A teacher advised Einstein to leave school, since he destroyed the other students’ respect for the teacher. When he was 15, he had to leave school in mid-term to join his parents, who had moved to Italy. At the age of 16 he failed the exam to enter a school, where he would have been trained as an electrical engineer. At that time, Einstein developed a plan. He decided to enter a school to study maths and physics so that he could become a teacher. In 1900 he graduated as a teacher of maths and physics. His teachers did not think very highly of him, so he had difficulty in finding a job in a university. In 1901 he took a job as a high school teacher and married Mileva Martisch. One year later, Einstein became a teacher at the University of Bern. In 1905 Einstein wrote a paper on what is now known as the Special Theory of Relativity (狭义相对论). He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 for his work on the photoelectric effect (光电反应). Did you know that there is even a crater (陨石坑) on the moon named after Einstein? 7．Einstein started to speak very early when he was a little, didn’t he? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 8．Why did Einstein have to leave school in mid-term when he was fifteen? Because he had to _____________________________________________________________________________. 9．When did Einstein become a university teacher? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 10．What did Einstein win in 1921? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 11．What’s your impression (印象) of Einstein? Use one sentence to give your reason. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 7．No, he didn’t. He didn’t start talking until he was three years old 8．join his parents, who had moved to Italy 9．In 1902 10．He won the Nobel Prize for Physics 11．Einstein is very intelligent and hardworking. Because he taught himself geometry at a young age and made great achievements in physics 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的生平事迹。 7．根据“It was said that he was a slow talker and he did not start talking until he was three years old.”可知，爱因斯坦说话晚，不是很早，故填No, he didn’t. He didn’t start talking until he was three years old。 8．根据“When he was 15, he had to leave school in mid-term to join his parents, who had moved to Italy.”可知，他15岁时中途退学是为了去意大利与父母团聚，故填join his parents, who had moved to Italy。 9．根据“In 1901 he took a job as a high school teacher and married Mileva Martisch. One year later, Einstein became a teacher at the University of Bern.”可知，他在1902年成为大学教师，故填In 1902。 10．根据“He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 for his work on the photoelectric effect (光电反应).”可知，他在1921年获得诺贝尔物理学奖，故填He won the Nobel Prize for Physics。 11．开放性问题，言之有理即可。例如，爱因斯坦非常聪明且勤奋。因为他年轻时自学几何，在物理学上取得了巨大成就：Einstein is very intelligent and hardworking. Because he taught himself geometry at a young age and made great achievements in physics。故填Einstein is very intelligent and hardworking. Because he taught himself geometry at a young age and made great achievements in physics。 Passage 3 （24-25八上·上海扬波中学·期中） Education in Ancient Greece The ancient Greeks were great builders and thinkers. Their ideas still influence (影响) us today, especially in the arts, science, literature and philosophy. But school for boys and girls in ancient Greece was very different from today. School for boys Boys in ancient Greece stayed at home when they were young. They helped their parents work and had hobbies like fishing and sailing. At age six or seven, most of them started to go to school. They studied philosophy and how to play the lyre (a kind of musical instrument). They also studied other subjects, but they did not use many books. Most of what they learned was said out loud and memorized. School for girls In most places in ancient Greece, girls did not go to school. They stayed at home and learned from their mothers. Girls were not allowed to go outside the house much. However, things were different for girls in a part of Greece called Sparta. Girls there went to military school where they learned how to fight! This was to prepare them for joining the army. Girls in Sparta were allowed to go outside the house a lot more. 12．Things at school in ancient Greece for boys and girls are not the same as today, are they? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 13．In which subjects do ancient Greek ideas still influence us? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 14．What instrument did boys learn to play? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 15．In which part of ancient Greece were girls allowed to go to school? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 16．What do you think of your school nowadays? (请从你学校的课程设置、校园建设、校园生活方面进行描述，只写一个形容词不给分) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 12．No, they aren’t. 13．Arts, science, literature and philosophy. 14．The lyre. 15．In Sparta. 16．I think the school buildings are very beautiful, we can study better in the beautiful school. 【导语】本文主要介绍了古希腊的教育。 12．根据“School for boys and girls in ancient Greece was very different from today.”可知，古希腊男孩女孩的学校与今天不同。故填No, they aren’t. 13．根据“Their ideas still influence us today, especially in the arts, science, literature and philosophy.”可知古希腊的想法在艺术、科学、文学和哲学方面仍然影响着我们。故填Arts, science, literature and philosophy. 14．根据“They studied philosophy and how to play the lyre”可知，男孩们学习哲学和如何演奏里拉琴。故填The lyre. 15．根据“However, things were different for girls in a part of Greece called Sparta. Girls there went to military school…”可知，斯巴达的女孩被允许上学。故填In Sparta. 16．主观发挥题，答案合理即可。故填I think the school buildings are very beautiful, we can study better in the beautiful school. Passage 4 （23-24八上·上海杨浦区·期中） What is it like being a film star? What’s it like in front of the camera? Students from Steamboat Spring Middle School in the US could tell you exactly what it’s like. They recently got a taste of the life of a star. A local movie company wanted to produce a film. All the actors in this film were to be students. Fourteen students were chosen from the school. The film, called Ruby vs Wolfgang, was based on the story of Little Red Riding Hood (《小红帽》). It came with a twist (改变), however—the story was told from the perspective (看法) of the wolf. Zoe Walsh, a seventh-grader, signed up to do behind-the-scenes work. But she soon found herself in front of the camera. She played a strange middle school student in the film. “It’s just for fun,” she told the Steamboat Today. “Just pretending that you’re someone else.” But there were also difficulties. It was very cold during shooting. Students had to put up with snow and icy wind. Lack (缺乏) of experience was another problem. The director Michael Staley said he tried to help each student bring out the wolf—or whatever animals they represent—in themselves. Erus Harrington, an eighth-grader, said he played a nice, silly British guy. He learned the British accent all at home. “I just taught myself how to do it by watching videos,” he said “It makes me feel good after I do it because I’m proud of myself.” The students will watch themselves on the big screen for the first time during the film festival at a local high school in May. “I’m probably going to laugh at myself,” said Zach, the brother of Zoe. 17．Fourteen students were chosen as actors in this film, weren’t they? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 18．Who did Walsh play in the film? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 19．How did Harrington learn the British accent? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 20．Where will the students first see the film acted by themselves? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 21．What were the two main problems for the actors?  （No more than three words for each blank.） __________________________________ and __________________________________. 22．What do you think of being a film star? Why do you think so? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 17．Yes, they were. 18．She played a strange middle school student in the film. 19．By watching videos. 20．At a local high school. 21．Weather lack of experience 22．It is fun but difficult. Because I can play some roles which I like, but it is difficult for me to act. 【导语】本文介绍美国一家当地电影公司想制作一部电影，这部电影的所有演员都是学生，从 Steamboat Spring中学挑选了14名学生。 17．根据“All the actors in this film were to be students.”和“Fourteen students were chosen from the school.”可知，有14名学生被选出来成为电影里的演员。故填Yes, they were. 18．根据“She played a strange middle school student in the film.”可知，Walsh在电影里扮演的角色是一个奇怪的中学学生。故填She played a strange middle school student in the film. 19．根据“I just taught myself how to do it by watching videos”可知，Harrington是在家通过看录像来学习英语口音的。故填By watching videos. 20．根据“The students will watch themselves on the big screen for the first time during the film festival at a local high school in May.”可知，学生们可以在当地一个高中观看到他们自己演的电影。故填At a local high school. 21．根据“It was very cold during shooting”和“Lack (缺乏) of experience was another problem.”可知，对于演员来说的两大主要困难在于天气和缺乏经验。故填Weather；lack of experience。 22．根据“It is just for fun”和“But there were also difficulties”可知，学生们在尝试了演员的生活之后，认为做一个电影明星既是有趣的又是充满困难的，因为“我”可以演一些喜欢的角色，但是很难去演。故填It is fun but difficult. Because I can play some roles which I like, but it is difficult for me to act. 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25八上·上海奉贤区·期中） Mr. Smith stood before his class of 30 students and was going to hand out the final exam papers. “I know how hard you have all worked to get ready for this test,” he said, “And because I know you are all able to understand these questions, I’m ready to offer a B to anyone who would prefer not to take the test.” A number of students jumped up to thank the teacher and left the classroom. Mr. Smith looked at the rest of the students and said, “Does anyone else want to get a B? This is your last chance.” Two more students decided to go. Seven students stayed. Mr. Smith then handed out the papers. There were only three sentences on the paper: Congratulations! You have received an A in this class. Keep believing yourself. I never had a teacher who gave a test like that, but I think it is a test that any teacher could and should give. Students who do not have confidence in what they have learned are B students at most. The same is true of students in real life. The A students are those who believe in what they are doing because they have learned from both successes and failures. They have learned life’s lessons, whether from school education or from events in their lives, and have become better people. Scientists say that by the age of eight, 80 percent of what we believe about ourselves has already been formed. You are a big kid now and you realize that you have some limits (局限). However, __________. Sir Edmund Hillary, the first person to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma, said, “We do not conquer the mountain, but ourselves.” 23．How many students left the classroom altogether? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 24．There weren’t any questions on the test paper, were there? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 25．Why did some students choose to get a B without taking the test? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 26．What kind of students can get A according to the writer? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 27．What does the underlined word in the last sentence mean in Chinese? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 28．What can be filled in the blank in the last paragraph? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 23．23./Twenty-three. 24．No, there weren’t. 25．Because they didn’t have confidence in what they have learned. 26．Those who believe in themselves. 27．征服 28．the biggest limit is yourselves 【导语】本文通过讲述一位老师测试学生对自己的信心的故事，告诉我们应该相信自己学到的知识，不断征服自己。 23．根据文章第一段中“Mr. Smith stood before his class of 30 students ”和“Seven students stayed.”可知，一共有30个学生，只有7个学生留下来，因此有23名学生离开。故填23/Twenty-three。 24．根据文中“There were only three sentences on the paper: Congratulations! You have received an A in this class. Keep believing yourself.”可知，试卷是只有三句话，没有任何问题。问题是反义疑问句，在试卷是没有问题。故填No, there weren’t. 25．根据文中“Students who do not have confidence in what they have learned are B students at most.”可知，没有做试卷就获得B的学生，是对自己没有信心。故填Because they didn’t have confidence in what they have learned. 26．根据文中“The A students are those who believe in what they are doing because they have learned from both successes and failures.”可知，得A的学生相信自己。故填Those who believe in themselves. 27．根据文中“the first person to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma”可知他到达了珠穆朗玛峰，征服了这座山，所以划线部分意为“征服”。故填：征服。 28．根据文中“You are a big kid now and you realize that you have some limits.”和“We do not conquer the mountain, but ourselves.”可知，我们是大孩子，意识到有很多的限制，然而我们的限制是我们自己。故填the biggest limit is yourselves. Passage 2 （24-25八上·上海位育中学·期中） From the time each of my children started school, I packed their lunches. And in each lunch, I packed a note. Often written on a piece of small paper, it might be a thank-you for an unusual moment, a reminder of something we were happily expecting, or a bit of encouragement for the coming test or sporting event. In early grade school they loved their notes. But as children grow older they become self-conscious (有自我意识的), and by the time he reached high school, my older son, Marc, informed me he no longer enjoyed my daily notes. Telling him that he no longer needed to read them but I still needed to write them, I continued until the day he graduated. Six years after high school graduation, Marc called and asked if he could move home for a couple of months. He had spent those years well, graduating from college, completing two internship (实习) in Washington, D．C．, and finally, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento. However, he had lived away from home except for short holiday visits. With his younger sister leaving for college, I was especially happy to have Marc back. Since I was still making lunch for his younger brother, I packed one for Marc, too. Imagine my surprise when I got a call from my 24-year-old son, asking about his lunch. “Did I do something wrong? Don’t you love me any longer, Mom?” he asked. “Of course I love you, dear!” I laughingly said. “What’s wrong?” “My note, Mom,” he answered. “Where’s my note?” 29．The writer wrote the daily notes in her children’s exercise books, didn’t she? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 30．What kind of note did the writer give her children before a test? She gave them a note __________________________________________________________________________. 31．What did Marc suggest his mother do when he reached high school? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 32．When did Marc visit home during the six years after he left high school? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 33．How do you understand the underlined part “Don’t you love me any longer, Mom” and why? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 29．Yes, she did. 30．of a bit of encouragement 31．He suggested his mom that he no longer enjoyed the daily notes. 32．When he had a short holiday, he would visit home. 33．I think the underlined part showed that the note from Marc’ mom means her love to him. Because Marc had always received his mom’s note at his high school period till he refused it. 【导语】本文讲述了作者每天给孩子的午餐里放一张小纸条的习惯，孩子们小时候很喜欢，但是大儿子长大后就不喜欢这种做法了，作者仍然坚持每天写，直到他毕业。多年后，大儿子回家，仍然期待午餐里的纸条，表明纸条承载着妈妈的爱。 29．根据第一段“From the time each of my children started school, I packed their lunches. And in each lunch, I packed a note.”可知，作者每天在孩子的午餐盒里放一张小纸条，也就是说作者是在孩子的午餐盒里写小纸条的，而不是在练习本上。但问题是以反问句的形式问的，所以要用肯定回答。故填Yes, she did. 30．根据第一段“...or a bit of encouragement for the coming test or sporting event.”可知，作者给孩子们考试前的小纸条是给他们一些鼓励的。故填of a bit of encouragement。 31．根据第二段“But as children grow older they become self-conscious (有自我意识的), and by the time he reached high school, my older son, Marc, informed me he no longer enjoyed my daily notes.”可知，当Marc上高中的时候，他告诉他妈妈，他不再喜欢每天的小纸条了。故填He suggested his mom that he no longer enjoyed the daily notes. 32．根据第三段“However, he had lived away from home except for short holiday visits.”可知，Marc在离开高中的六年里，除了短暂的假期回家，他一直离家在外。所以，他是在短假期的时候回家的。故填When he had a short holiday, he would visit home. 33．开放性作答，答案合理即可。根据文章大意和划线句子所在的上下文“Did I do something wrong? Don’t you love me any longer, Mom?” he asked. “Of course I love you, dear!” I laughingly said.可知，Marc问他的妈妈是不是不爱他了，因为他妈妈没有在他的午餐里放小纸条。而妈妈笑着回答当然爱他，说明小纸条代表着妈妈对他的爱。而Marc在高中的时候一直到他拒绝小纸条之前，一直收到他妈妈的小纸条，所以他现在仍然期待午餐里的小纸条，这代表着妈妈对他的爱。参考答案为：I think the underlined part showed that the note from Marc’ mom means her love to him. Because Marc had always received his mom’s note at his high school period till he refused it. Passage 3 （24-25八上·上海松江区·期中） Getting Creative with crime An experiment carried out at Newcastle University aimed at reducing the number of bike thefts has produced some unusual results. The most efficient way of stopping people from stealing bikes seems so simple. If you want to persuade thieves not to act, make them feel they’re being watched! Posters showing a large pair of eyes were put up near three bike racks (自行车架) at the university. The researchers explained that the number of thefts decreased by 62 per cent compared to the previous year. Experts claim that the images of eyes make people feel they’re being watched. They say that we all care what other people think about us and that’s why we behave better when we think someone is looking. The “giant eyes” poster isn’t the only unusual method being used on UK streets. In the East Midlands city of Leicester, police are inviting people to make large woolly balls and hang them up in trees around the area. They hope that these colourful additions to neighbourhoods will help create a safer place to live. The thinking behind the idea is that if you create a pleasant environment, people are more likely to behave better. “We live in a world where our every move is being watched by CCTV cameras”, one of the organizers told us. “The cameras are there to deter (威慑) possible criminals, but they come at a price, and many people don’t like being watched 24 hours a day. We believe there’s another way. We want to encourage people to take more pride in where they live.” However, not all residents (居民) are happy. Many of them refuse to believe it will make any difference. They’re demanding that the police do more and stop wasting their time on mad plans like this and do some real policing. We need to see more policemen walking around our streets, especially at night. 34．What is the most efficient way of persuading thieves not to act? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 35．Where were the “giant eyes” posters placed? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 36．Why did the number of thefts decrease at racks with posters? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 37．What are the disadvantages of CCTV cameras? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 38．What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 39．Do you believe the second method will work? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 34．Make them feel they’re being watched. 35．Near three bike racks at the university. 36．The images of eyes make people feel they’re being watched. 37．Many people don’t like being watched 24 hours a day. 38．Inviting people to make large woolly balls and hang them up in trees around the area. 39．No, I don’t. Because it is useless. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了减少犯罪的有创意的想法。 34．根据第二段最后一句“If you want to persuade thieves not to act, make them feel they’re being watched!”可知，如果想要劝说小偷不犯罪，那就让他们感觉被看着。故填Make them feel they’re being watched.。 35．根据第三段第一句“Posters showing a large pair of eyes were put up near three bike racks at the university.”可知，把巨大的眼睛海报放在大学的三辆自行车架旁边。故填Near three bike racks at the university. 36．根据第三段第三句“Experts claim that the images of eyes make people feel they’re being watched.”可知，是因为清晰可见的眼睛海报会让人觉得自己被监视了。故填The images of eyes make people feel they’re being watched. 37．根据第四段“The cameras are there to deter possible criminals, but they come at a price, and many people don’t like being watched 24 hours a day.”可知，摄像头的存在是为了阻止可能的犯罪，但他们是有代价的，许多人不喜欢一天24小时被监视。故填Many people don’t like being watched 24 hours a day. 38．根据第四段“In the East Midlands city of Leicester, police are inviting people to make large woolly balls and hang them up in trees around the area.”可知，在英格兰东部城市，莱斯特警方邀请人们制作大毛球，并将他们挂在附近的树上。this指代的是这个行为。故填Inviting people to make large woolly balls and hang them up in trees around the area. 39．开放性作答，结合实际，言之有理即可。参考答案为No, I don’t. Because it is useless. Passage 4 （24-25八上·上海立达中学·期中） Emojis (表情符号) have become truly popular in recent years. In 2015, Oxford Dictionaries even chose an emoji as its word of the year. So, what exactly are emojis? Emojis are little pictures used for ideas, expressing feelings and emotions. They are often seen in text messages and on the internet. The first emoji was created by a Japanese engineer in 1999. He named the little picture “emoji.” The name is made up of two Japanese words: “e” and “moji.” “E” means “picture” and “moji” means “character”. Now, there are emojis for almost everything, such as food, sports and animals. These emojis are widely used in everyday life. Believe it or not, there are over six billion emojis being sent everyday! So, why do people use emojis? When we talk, a lot of meaning is conveyed (传递) through our body language. However, the meaning can get lost in written language. With emojis, people are able to express such meaning even when they can’t see each other. Besides, people use emojis when they find it hard to explain or describe something in words. Many people see emojis as the language of the future. Are you fond of using this new language skill? 40．Oxford Dictionaries once chose an emoji as its word of the year, didn’t they?   ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41．What are emojis? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42．When was the first emoji created? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43．According to the article, how many emojis are sent every week? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 44．According to the article, what are the reasons why people use emojis? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 45．Are you fond of using this new language skill? Why? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 40．Yes, they did. 41．Emojis are little pictures used for ideas, expressing feelings and emotions. 42．In 1999. 43．42 billion. 44．People use emojis to express the meanings usually sent by our body language while talking face to face, which is often lost when we chat online, Besides, people use them when they find it hard to explain or describe something in words. 45．Yes. I like emojis because I can better express my ideas with them. 【导语】本文主要介绍了表情符号这种新的语言技能。 40．根据“In 2015, Oxford Dictionaries even chose an emoji as its word of the year.”可知，牛津词典曾经选择一个表情符号作为年度词汇。故填Yes, they did. 41．根据“Emojis are little pictures used for ideas, expressing feelings and emotions.”可知，表情符号是用来表达想法、感情和情绪的小图片。故填Emojis are little pictures used for ideas, expressing feelings and emotions. 42．根据“The first emoji was created by a Japanese engineer in 1999.”可知，第一个表情符号是由一位日本工程师在1999年创造的。故填In 1999. 43．根据“Believe it or not, there are over six billion emojis being sent everyday!”信不信由你，每天有超过60亿个表情符号被发送！可知，每周发送420亿个表情符号。故填42 billion. 44．根据“When we talk, a lot of meaning is conveyed (传递) through our body language. However, the meaning can get lost in written language. With emojis, people are able to express such meaning even when they can’t see each other. Besides, people use emojis when they find it hard to explain or describe something in words.”可知，人们在面对面交谈时通常会使用表情符号来表达我们的肢体语言所传达的含义，而当我们在网上聊天时，这种含义往往会丢失。此外，当人们发现难以用言语解释或描述某事时，也会使用表情符。故填People use emojis to express the meanings usually sent by our body language while talking face to face, which is often lost when we chat online, Besides, people use them when they find it hard to explain or describe something in words. 45．开放性试题，答案合理即可。参考答案为：是的。我喜欢表情符号，因为我可以更好地表达我的想法。故填Yes. I like emojis because I can better express my ideas with them. 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25八上·上海嘉定区·期中） On a hot summer day, Clara was enjoying a glass of juice in the yard while her mom was busy cutting grass with a noisy lawnmower (割草机). Clara wished her mom could play with her, but the grass was tall and had to be cut. Suddenly, the lawnmower stopped, and Clara noticed her mom looked sad. She picked something up from the grass and walked over to Clara. In her mom’s hand was a small turtle! As Clara looked closer, she noticed one of its legs was in bad shape. “I think I broke his leg,” her mom said, feeling sad. “Would you help me take care of him?” Clara felt sorry for the little turtle. A turtle moved slowly, so he probably could not run away when he saw the lawnmower coming. And Clara’s mom could not see him in the tall grass! Together, Clara and her mom decided to help. They named the turtle Phillip and took him to the vet. The vet took an X-ray of Phillip’s leg and made sure that it was broken. Phillip got a splint (夹板) and bandage, and the vet explained how to care for him. At home, Clara set up a tank with water and rocks for Phillip. She gave him fruit, leaves, and kept his tank clean. Eight weeks later, the vet said Phillip’s leg was healthy again. Clara was happy Phillip was better but sad to let him go. She gave Phillip one last meal, kissed his shell, and gently placed him back in the grass. Clara knew she’d always remember her time with Phillip. 46．Was Clara interested in cutting grass? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 47．Why did Clara’s mom look sad and have to stop the lawnmower? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 48．Who helped the turtle to get healthy? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 49．How many times did Clara and her mom take the turtle to the vet? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 50．What did Clara do with the turtle after his leg was healthy? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 51．What do you think of Clara? Why? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 46．No, she wasn’t. 47．Because she hurt/broke/injured one of the turtle’s/Phillip’s legs/a leg of a turtle/Phillip./ Because she made Phillip’s/the turtle’s leg/one of the turtle’s/Phillip’s legs/a leg of a turtle/Phillip in bad shape./Because she hurt a turtle. 48．Clara, her/Clara’s mom and the vet (helped Phillip to get healthy). 49．Twice./They/Clara and her mother took Phillip to the vet twice. 50．She let the turtle (Phillip/it) go. 51．Clara is caring and compassionate because she took care of the injured turtle and ensured it recovered. (答案不唯一) 【导语】本文介绍了一个关于小女孩克拉拉和她妈妈救助并照顾一只受伤小乌龟的故事。 46．根据“On a hot summer day, Clara was enjoying a glass of juice in the yard while her mom was busy cutting grass with a noisy lawnmower (割草机).”可知，克拉拉对割草不感兴趣，此处作否定回答。故填No, she wasn’t. 47．根据“In her mom’s hand was a small turtle! As Clara looked closer, she noticed one of its legs was in bad shape. ‘I think I broke his leg,’ her mom said, feeling sad.”可知，克拉拉的妈妈把小乌龟的一条腿弄断了。故填Because she hurt/broke/injured one of the turtle’s/Phillip’s legs/a leg of a turtle/Phillip./Because she made Phillip’s/the turtle’s leg/one of the turtle’s/Phillip’s legs/a leg of a turtle/Phillip in bad shape./Because she hurt a turtle. 48．根据“Together, Clara and her mom decided to help. They named the turtle Phillip and took him to the vet.”可知，克拉拉和她的妈妈以及兽医帮助乌龟恢复健康。故填Clara, her/Clara’s mom and the vet (helped Phillip to get healthy). 49．根据“They named the turtle Phillip and took him to the vet.”及“Eight weeks later, the vet said Phillip’s leg was healthy again.”可知，她们将乌龟带到兽医那里两次。故填Twice./They/Clara and her mother took Phillip to the vet twice. 50．根据“Clara was happy Phillip was better but sad to let him go.”可知，乌龟康复以后，克拉拉将它放生了。故填She let the turtle (Phillip/it) go. 51．开放性问题，言之有理即可。参考答案为：Clara is caring and compassionate because she took care of the injured turtle and ensured it recovered. Passage 2 （23-24八上·上海闵行区·期中） During summer vacations, I would volunteer at the vet’s, so I’d seen a lot of dogs. Minnie was by far the funniest-looking dog I’d ever seen. Thin curly hair barely covered her sausage-shaped body. Her big eyes always looked surprised. And her tail looked like a rat’s. She was brought to the vet to be put to sleep because her owners didn’t want her anymore. But I thought Minnie had a sweet personality. “No one should judge her by her looks,” I thought. So instead of putting her to sleep, the vet gave her the chance to be adopted (收养) by someone else. I advertised Minnie in the local paper: “Funny-looking dog, well behaved, needs a loving family.” When a young man called, I warned him that Minnie was strange looking. The boy on the phone told me that his grandfather’s 16-year-old dog had just died. They wanted Minnie no matter what it looked like. I gave Minnie a good bath. Then we waited for them to arrive. At last, an old car drove up in front of the vet’s. Two kids ran to the door. They took Minnie to their grandfather, who was waiting in the car. I hurried behind them to see his reaction to Minnie. The grandfather carried Minnie in his arms and touched her soft hair. She licked (舔) his face. It was love at first lick. “She’s perfect!” the old man said excitedly. I was thankful that Minnie had found the good home that she deserved. That’s when I saw that the grandfather’s eyes were a milky white color---he was blind. 52．Minnie was a good-looking dog, wasn’t she? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 53．Why did Minnie’s owners bring her to the vet? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 54．How did the vet deal with Minnie? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 55．What did Grandfather do to Minnie? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 56．Did the writer think Minnie would be loved by the new owner? Which sentence in the passage supports your answer? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 57．Will you adopt Minnie? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 52．No, she wasn’t 53．Because her owners didn’t want her anymore 54．He/She gave her the chance to be adopted by someone else 55．He carried Minnie in his arms and touched her soft hair 56．Yes. “She’s perfect!” the old man said excitedly./ I was thankful that Minnie had found the good home that she deserved 57．Yes, I will. Because Minnie is a good dog, we can’t judge her by her looks 【导语】本文主要讲述了一只差点被执行安乐死的被抛弃的狗，最后在兽医的帮助下找到了喜欢她的家庭。 52．根据第一段句子“Minnie was by far the funniest-looking dog I’d ever seen.”可知，Minnie是一只看起来滑稽的狗，而不是很好看，应作否定回答，故填No, she wasn’t. 53．根据第二段句子“She was brought to the vet to be put to sleep because her owners didn’t want her anymore.”可知，Minnie的主人把她带到兽医那是因为主人不想要她了，想让她安乐死。故填Because her owners didn’t want her anymore. 54．根据第二段句子“So instead of putting her to sleep, the vet gave her the chance to be adopted by someone else.”可知，兽医给了她一个被别人收养的机会。故填He/She gave her the chance to be adopted by someone else. 55．根据第五段句子“The Grandfather carried Minnie in his arms and touched her soft hair.”可知，爷爷把Minnie抱在怀里，抚摸着她柔软的头发。故填He carried Minnie in his arms and touched her soft hair. 56．根据倒数第二段句子“I was thankful that Minnie had found the good home that she deserved.”可知，作者认为Minnie会被新主人所喜爱，故填Yes. “She’s perfect!” the old man said excitedly./I was thankful that Minnie had found the good home that she deserved. 57．本题是一个开放性问题，言之有理即可。我觉得我会领养Minnie，因为它没有做错任何事，我们不应该从它的外貌去评价它。故填Yes, I will. Because Minnie is a good dog, we can’t judge her by her looks. 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25八上·上海黄浦区·期中） When a computer works on a group of programs, it can get very hot. Cooling the computer can cost a lot. So some scientists wonder what would happen if the heat from the computer could be used. Large Internet companies such as Google and Microsoft have thousands of computers. As these computers work out problems, they produce lots of heat, so they need huge cooling systems. These systems send the heat into the air. A company in Holland thinks paying to make the computers work and then paying again to cool them are a waste of energy. So the company developed a special device—the e-Radiator. Boaz Leupe, head of the company, says the e-Radiator works as a heating system and saves money. He explains that the energy is used twice—once to heat the home and once to cool the computers and that the users don’t have to pay to cool their computers. Five homeowners in Holland are testing the heating system in their homes. “We pay for the computer using, so in that way, homeowners get heating for free,” Boaz says. Jan Visser is one of the homeowners. “If you use the computer more, the e-Radiator produces more heat,” he says, “it can’t provide enough heat if you don’t use your computer often.” But he is ready to try it. It’s a great help for his family. The company says e-Radiators produce heat temperatures of up to 55℃. It says the system could save its users about $440 a year. 58．Can a computer get very hot when it works on a group of programs? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 59．Why do large Internet companies need cooling systems? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 60．Which company developed the e-Radiator? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 61．How many times is the energy of the e-Radiator used? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 62．How does the e-Radiator produce more heat? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 63．What do you think of the e-Radiator? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 58．Yes, it can./Yes. 59．Because their computers produce lots of heat. 60．A company in Holland. 61．The energy is used twice./ Twice. 62．If we/you use the computer more./By using the computer more. 63．It is wonderful. (Any reasonable answer can be accepted.) 【分析】本文主要讲述了科学家研究者们通过研制一种设备仪器，利用电脑运转过程中所散发出来的热量来提供热能，从而达到循环利用能源，节省能源的目的。 58．根据“When a computer works on a group of programs, it can get very hot.”可知，当计算机处理一组程序时，它会变得非常热，答案是肯定的，故填Yes, it can./Yes. 59．根据“As these computers work out problems, they produce lots of heat, so they need huge cooling systems”可知，因为它们会产生大量的热量，故填Because their computers produce lots of heat. 60．根据“A company in Holland thinks…So the company developed a special device—the e-Radiator”可知，荷兰的一家公司发明了e-Radiator，故填A company in Holland. 61．根据“He explains that the energy is used twice—once to heat the home and once to cool the computers and that the users don’t have to pay to cool their computers”可知，被用了两次，故填The energy is used twice./ Twice. 62．根据“If you use the computer more, the e-Radiator produces more heat”可知，如果你经常使用电脑，散热器就会产生更多的热量，故填If we/you use the computer more./By using the computer more. 63．通过短文的介绍可知，这种设备仪器可以利用电脑运转过程中所散发出来的热量来提供热能，这是一个很棒的仪器，故填It is wonderful. Passage 2 （23-24八上·上海松江区·期中） It was Amir’s goal to climb the mountain far away in the countryside. His big brother and his dad had already made it to the top. Amir was different. He had not climbed the mountain yet. In his free time, Amir read about the mountain. When he read the distance from the bottom to the top, he didn’t think the climb would be pleasant. However, he decided to have a try. Keeping this goal in mind, Amir came to his father for help. “It will be tough for me to get to the top of this mountain for it’s 14, 000 feet (4, 267 meters) high.” he told his dad. “Well, of course, it won’t be easy, but I’m sure you can do this. First, you must believe in yourself. Second, you need to do some training,”his dad said. “You can be my student. It is important for you to get ready first.” “Training? Should I lift weights and climb stairs? ” “Yes, you should. And I’ll join you for a run every day.” “Do you know how long the training will take?” asked Amir. “I think it will possibly take two or three months. So, last but not the least, don’t give up.” his dad said. So, Amir began his training. He worked so hard that he didn’t stop even on rainy days. Day after day, he run faster and faster. He could climb stairs easily. So, he felt more confident about the climb. One morning, three months later,  the moment came and Amir was ready. 64．Did Amir’s father manage to climb to the top of the mountain? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 65．What did Amir think of the climb when he read about it? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 66．How many suggestions did Amir’s father give him? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 67．How did Amir train to achieve his goal? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 68．What did “the moment” in the last sentence refer to? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 69．Do you think Amir would achieve his goal? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 64．Yes, he did. 65．He didn’t think the climb would be pleasant. 66．Two. 67．By lifting weight, climbing stairs and running. 68．The climb. 69．I think he will achieve his goal. Because he has undergone hard training. 【导语】这篇短文主要讲述了Amir的攀登训练。 64．根据第一段“His big brother and his dad had already made it to the top.”可知，Amir的爸爸登顶了。故填Yes, he did。 65．根据第一段“When he read the distance from the bottom to the top, he didn’t think the climb would be pleasant.”可知，Amir认为攀登不会很愉快。故填He didn’t think the climb would be pleasant. 66．根据第三段“First, you must believe in yourself. Second, you need to do some training,”可知，Amir的爸爸给他两个建议。故填Two。 67．根据第四段“Should I lift weights and climb stairs?”以及第五段“Yes, you should. And I’ll join you for a run every day.”可知，Amir通过举重、爬楼梯和跑步来训练。故填By lifting weight, climbing stairs and running。 68．根据最后一段“So, he felt more confident about the climb. One morning, three months later, the moment came and Amir was ready.”可知，the moment指的是攀登。故填The climb。 69．开放性试题，答案言之有理即可。故填I think he will achieve his goal.Because he has undergone hard training. Passage 3 （24-25八上·上海建平中学西校·期中） According to some experts, a smart home is now available（可得到的）. There are coffee pots that turn on when the alarm clock rings. There are fridges that send an alert when the milk runs out. These smart appliances are changing our lives greatly. However, it seems few people are making their homes smart. In a U. S. survey, only six percent of American families have a smart appliances. More than 70 percent of people have no plans to buy smart appliances in the next two to five years. Why are smart home appliances having a hard time reaching the market? There are several reasons. First, a lot of smart appliances are just fun. They are not essential（必要的）. Many of them are too expensive. One of Samsung’s smart fridges have cameras inside. It can check for rotting food. It can also allow the user to know what he is short of while he’s shopping. However, the fridge sells for $5,000. People who can afford it probably don’t do their own shopping. For the rest of us, we regularly check the food in our fridges, don’t we? The technology is not yet perfect, either. There are complaints that smart appliances sometimes stop working or become dull. 70．Can customers get a smart home on the market now? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 71．Many American families are making their homes smart, aren’t they? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 72．How many people have no plans to buy smart appliances in the next two to five years? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 73．What do Samsung’s smart fridges have inside? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 74．Why do people prefer to check the food in the fridge themselves? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 75．Do you look forward to a smart home? Why? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 70．Yes, they can. 71．No, they aren’t. 72．More than 70 percent of people. 73．Cameras. 74．Because smart fridges are too expensive. /they can’t afford smart fridges. 75．No, I don’t. Because a lot of smart appliances are just fun. They are not essential. Many of them are too expensive.（Any reasonable answer is acceptable.） 【分析】本篇分析智能家电在日常生活中的使用，只有6%的美国家庭拥有智能家电，超过70%的人在近几年内没有购买智能家电的计划，因为很多智能家电只是好玩而已，它们不是必需的而且很多都太贵，有时智能电器有时会坏。 70．根据第一段“According to some experts, a smart home is now available据一些专家说，现在有了智能家居”，可知“客户现在可以在市场上买到智能家居”；故答案为Yes, they can. 71．根据第二段“However, it seems few people are making their homes smart.”可知“很少有人要让家变得智能”；故答案为No, they aren’t. 72．根据第二段“More than 70 percent of people have no plans to buy smart appliances in the next two to five years.”可知“超过70%的人在未来2到5年内没有购买智能家电的计划”；故答案为More than 70 percent of people. 73．根据第三段“One of Samsung’s smart fridges have cameras inside.”可知“三星的一个智能冰箱里有摄像头。”故答案为Cameras. 74．根据第三段“People who can afford it probably don’t do their own shopping. For the rest of us, we regularly check the food in our fridges, don’t we?”可知“买得起这种冰箱不用亲自购物，买不起的人们都会定期检查冰箱里的食物，”故答案为Because smart fridges are too expensive. /they can’t afford smart fridges. 75．No, I don’t. Because a lot of smart appliances are just fun. They are not essential. Many of them are too expensive.答案不唯一。 Passage 4 （23-24八上·上海位育中学·期中） In the1800s, the steam locomotive (蒸汽火车头) was considered by many to be a symbol of the new Industrial Age. It was, in fact, one of the most important inventions of the time. Over the years, there have been many changes to the locomotive. One of the most important has been its source of power. The first railroads used horses for power, but the development of the steam locomotive made railroads a practical way of transportation. The first steam locomotive was built in 1804 in Britain by Richard Trevithick. It could pull 50,000 pounds, but it was not very successful because it was so heavy that it caused the rails to fall apart. However, it encouraged other engineers to try to build steam locomotives. Two of the most important men to accept the challenge were George Stephenson and his son, Robert. Robert once won a contest to build the best locomotive. The Rocket, as he called it, had an average speed of 20 miles per hour, and the top speed was 29 miles per hour. In America, developments in steam engines were close behind those of the British. In 1830, Peter Cooper’s tiny locomotive, called Tom Thumb, lost a famous race against a horse-drawn coach. Although Peter Copper failed, it still made railroad officials believe that steam power was more practical than horse power. Just before the turn of the century, the electric locomotive became widely in use. Its most successful period was the 1940s when U.S. railroads had 2,400 miles of electric routes. The diesel (柴油) locomotive was invented in the 1890s by Rudolf Diesel, a German engineer. The power of this locomotive came from a diesel fuel engine. The diesel locomotive is still in use today. It costs about twice as much as a steam locomotive to build but it is much cheaper to operate. 76．The steam locomotive was one of the most important inventions in the 1800s, wasn’t it? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 77．Who built the first steam locomotive? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 78．What does the underlined phrase “fall apart” in paragraph 2. mean? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 79．How fast could the Rocket go? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 80．Why do you think different people have continued working hard to develop the locomotive? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 76．Yes, it was. 77．Richard Trevithick (built the first steam locomotive). 78．To break into pieces. 79．(It could reach up to) 29 miles per hour. 80．Because people want to widely use the locomotive in transporting goods. 【导语】本文是记叙文，介绍了不同时代的人们对于火车头的改造。 76．根据“In the1800s, the steam locomotive (蒸汽火车头) was considered by many to be a symbol of the new Industrial Age. It was, in fact, one of the most important inventions of the time.”可知，蒸汽机车是19世纪最重要的发明之一。故填Yes, it was. 77．根据“The first steam locomotive was built in 1804 in Britain by Richard Trevithick.”可知，是Richard Trevithick建造了第一个蒸汽火车头，故填Richard Trevithick (built the first steam locomotive). 78．根据“but it was not very successful because it was so heavy”可知，火车头太重了，所以导致了铁轨断裂，所以fall apart的意思是断裂，即to break into pieces。故填To break into pieces. 79．根据“The Rocket, as he called it, had an average speed of 20 miles per hour, and the top speed was 29 miles per hour.”可知，Rocket的速度最快可达到29英里每小时。故填(It could reach up to) 29 miles per hour. 80．根据“The first railroads used horses for power, but the development of the steam locomotive made railroads a practical way of transportation.”可知，人们一直努力在研究火车头，是为了想要广泛地使用火车头来运输货物。答案言之有理即可。故填Because people want to widely use the locomotive in transporting goods. 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25八上·上海民办欣竹中学·期中） An Unusual Garden The old 1986 truck was a gift from his grandfather. It worked, but it used a lot of gas. Ian Cheney looked at his grandfather’s truck and thought of a farm. As in other large cities, there is not much space to grow food in New York. Yet Cheney wanted a vegetable garden. Many farmers in New York have found creative ways to grow vegetables, such as rooftop gardens, community gardens in old parking lots, and even a floating garden in the Hudson River. Cheney, however, didn’t have access to any of these spaces. So the old truck was a practical solution. The back of the truck provided him with the space he needed. So Cherry set to work. First, he drilled holes in the truck bed — allowing water to pass through. Then he laid down a recycled plastic mat. The soil came next — a special lightweight variety. He made sure that everything was organic. Cheney preferred organic because he wanted to grow vegetables without chemicals. Then he planted lettuce, herbs, spinach, and tomatoes. Finally, he watered and waited. When the food was ready to pick, Cheney drove the truck from one urban neighborhood to another. He gave away some of the vegetables. He sold the rest to friends and neighbors. Everywhere he parked, passersby stopped and talked about the beautiful vegetable garden in the back of the truck. Cheney strongly believes that people are better off eating more local food — that is, food grown close to where they live. Local food has both environmental and health advantages. It reduces “food miles”. The term food miles refers to the distance between where you produce food and where you sell it. A lot of the food in large supermarkets travels hundreds of miles to get to your dinner table. This has an economic and environmental cost. Then there is the question of nutrition-food that helps you grow and be healthy. The nutritional benefits of vegetables decrease over time. So eating food within a few days of harvesting is healthier for you. Cheney knows that his truck farm cannot solve the problem of the lack of fresh food in some neighborhoods. Yet, like rooftop gardens, it could be part of the solution. As Cheney says, “If we can grow food in the back of an ’86 Dodge pickup, we can definitely find better ways to grow more fresh produce.” 81．The old 1986 truck from Ian Cheney’s grandfather is working properly, isn’t it? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 82．Where does Cheney plant his vegetables? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 83．Why did Cheney drill holes in the truck bed? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 84．How did Cheney deal with the vegetables he grew? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 85．What do you think of farmers in New York in the passage? Give your reasons. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 81．Yes, it is. 82．The back of the truck. 83．To allow water to pass through. 84．He gave away some of the vegetables and sold the rest to friends and neighbors. 85．I think they are very creative. Many farmers in New York have found creative ways to grow vegetables, such as the vegetable garden in the back of the truck, rooftop gardens, community gardens in old parking lots and even a floating garden in the Hudson River. 【导语】本文主要讲述了Cheney在卡车后部种植蔬菜的故事。 81．根据第一段“It worked, but it used a lot of gas.”可知，这辆旧卡车能正常运作。故填Yes, it is. 82．根据第一段“So the old truck was practical solution.The back of the truck provided him with the space he needed.”可知，Cheney要在卡车后部种植蔬菜。故填The back of the truck. 83．根据第二段“First, he drilled holes in the truck bed — allowing water to pass through.”可知，钻孔是为了让水通过。故填To allow water to pass through. 84．根据第三段“He gave away some of the vegetables. He sold the rest to friends and neighbors.”可知，Cheney捐赠了一些蔬菜然后把剩下的卖给了朋友和邻居。故填He gave away some of the vegetables and sold the rest to friends and neighbors. 85．开放性作答，言之有理即可。例如：I think they are very creative. Many farmers in New York have found creative ways to grow vegetables, such as the vegetable garden in the back of the truck, rooftop gardens, community gardens in old parking lots and even a floating garden in the Hudson River. Passage 2 （24-25八上·上海闵行区·期中） Caring for pets as a new job Wang Zihan, a 15-year-old boy student, Liaoning During the winter holiday, my family planned out a vacation, but what about my beloved dog? A friend suggested finding a pet sitter and I was curious about this job. Cao Ting, 27, a pet sitter, Sichuan     l am a pet sitter from Chengdu. I’ve been in this job for two years. Pet owners can contact me through different platforms such as pet care websites and social media, like Xiaohongshu and Douyin. Wang: What do pet sitters need to do? How do you improve your professional skills? Cao: I need to feed pets and play with them. I also do other tasks if owners ask me to, such as bathing the pets and trimming their nails. To learn professional pet care skills, I need to attend online or offline pet care training courses, talk with other pet sitters and get experience through practice. Wang: What interesting experiences do pet sitters have? Cao: I once cared for a dog that was very sensitive to sounds. It would look around whenever someone visited, making sure everything was OK. This experience made me realize that each pet has its own character. I learned to spend more time with them, getting to know their quirks (怪癖) and habits, and building a bond to make them feel safe and happy. Wang: How do pet sitters ensure property security during in-home services? Cao: When pet sitters come to take care of pets at the owner’s home, the owners may worry about keeping the house safe. So I always ask pet    owners to put away their valuable things and maybe even set up cameras for extra safety. This way, we can make sure their places are safe, and if anything goes missing, we’ll have proof to help solve the problem.     Wang: _________________________________?     Cao: Right now, pet sitters don’t always make stable money. And you need to find clients and learn from experience bit by bit. But I am positive about this job’s future. People are starting to care more about their pets’ health and happiness. I believe that there will be lots of new opportunities in the future. 86．How old is Wang Zihan? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 87．How can pet owners contact Cao? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 88．What did Cao do to improve his professional skills? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 89．Why does Cao set up cameras at the owner’s home? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 90．What can be filled in the blank of the last paragraph? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 86．He is 15 years old./15 years old. 87．Through different platforms and social media. 88．He attended online or offline pet care training courses, talked with other pet sitters and got experience through practice. 89．Because he wants to make sure the owners’ places are safe and have proof to help solve the problem./To make sure the owners’ places are safe and have proof to help solve the problem. 90．What do you think of the future of being a pet sitter?...(answers may vary). 【导语】本文讲述了宠物看护员这一职业的工作内容、技能提升、工作经历以及面临的挑战和未来发展前景。 86．根据“Wang Zihan, a 15-year-old boy student”可知，王子涵15岁。故填He is 15 years old./15 years old. 87．根据“Pet owners can contact me through different platforms such as pet care websites and social media, like Xiaohongshu and Douyin”可知，宠物主人可以通过宠物护理网站和社交媒体联系曹婷。故填Through different platforms and social media. 88．根据“To learn professional pet care skills, I need to attend online or offline pet care training courses, talk with other pet sitters and get experience through practice”可知，曹婷通过参加培训课程、与其他宠物托管师交流和实践来提高专业技能。故填He attended online or offline pet care training courses, talked with other pet sitters and got experience through practice. 89．根据“So I always ask pet owners to put away their valuable things and maybe even set up cameras for extra safety...we’ll have proof to help solve the problem.”可知，曹婷在主人家中安装摄像头是为了确保财产安全和有证据帮助解决问题。故填Because he wants to make sure the owners’ places are safe and have proof to help solve the problem./To make sure the owners’ places are safe and have proof to help solve the problem. 90．根据最后一段内容可知，最后一段主要讲述的是对宠物托管师的未来看法，所以可以填“你对宠物托管师的未来有什么看法？”故填What do you think of the future of being a pet sitter? Passage 3 （23-24八上·上海崇明区部分学校联考·期中） Once again, my experiment had refused to work. I felt hopeless. A few months earlier, when I started the project, I was confident. I believed I could make it if I worked hard enough. So I spent over 10 hours in the lab every day. When the experiment failed, I simply worked harder. Yet here I was, working harder than ever—but not getting anywhere. I didn’t know what to do. It was late in the evening. One other person was still in the lab, and he noticed my worried look. He came over and asked how I was doing. I told him about my problems. After we talked through the experiment, he said, “I think it’s time to go home and get some sleep.” “Taking a break is also hard work, you know,” he added with a smile. Those words opened my eyes. I no longer overworked myself in the lab. I felt less stressed (有压力的) and my research started to progress (进展). A few years later, my professor and I were discussing an age-old problem at a cafe. As he finished his coffee, he said, “We need to work smarter, not harder.” I felt kind of surprised. I had never heard my professor say anything like this. Our conversation that day helps me understand that exciting ideas seldom come from a mind under pressure. My best ideas always come after I have allowed my mind to relax—whether that’s cooking a nice dinner or going on long hikes with my brother. Today, I try to pass this idea on to my own students. ______________________________. 91．When did the writer start the project? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 92．How many hours did the writer spend in the lab every day? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 93．What did the other person in the lab notice? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 94．Exciting ideas seldom come from a mind under pressure, do they? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 95．How do the writer relax his mind? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 96．What can be filled in the blank? Today, I try to pass this idea on to my own students. _________________________________________________. 【答案】 91．A few months earlier 92．10 hours 93．The writer’s worried look 94．Yes, they do 95．By cooking a nice dinner or going on long hikes with brother 96．Work-life balance is not a barrier to excellent research. It is an important part of it 【导语】本文作者通过讲述自己的自身经历告诉我们：休息好也是勤奋工作的一部分。 91．根据“A few months earlier, when I started the project, I was confident.”可知，作者在几个月前开始了这个项目。故填A few months earlier。 92．根据“So I spent over 10 hours in the lab every day.”可知，作者作每天花10个小时在实验室里。故填10 hours。 93．根据“One other person was still in the lab, and he noticed my worried look.”可知，实验室的另一个人注意到了作者的焦虑的表情。故填The writer’s worried look。 94．根据“Our conversation that day helps me understand that exciting ideas seldom come from a mind under pressure.”可知，激动人心的想法很少来自于压力之下的头脑。故填Yes, they are。 95．根据“My best ideas always come after I have allowed my mind to relax—whether that’s cooking a nice dinner or going on long hikes with my brother.”可知，作者通过做一顿美味的晚餐，或者和哥哥去远足来放松大脑。故填By cooking a nice dinner or going on long hikes with brother。 96．通读全文可知，本文作者通过讲述自己的自身经历告诉我们：休息好也是勤奋工作的一部分。开放性题目，言之有理即可。故填Work-life balance is not a barrier to excellent research. It is an important part of it。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $