Unit2知识点汇总（单词、短语、句型、语法、练习）2025-2026学年沪教版（2024）英语八年级上册

Unit 2 Amazing numbers 神奇的数字 1. The important words, phrases and sentences 1　 One day, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged him to a game. 一天，一位智慧的老者来到王宫，国王向他发起了一局对弈挑战。 2　 “You can have any prize if you win the game,” The king promised the old man. 国王向老者承诺：“如果你赢得比赛，可以获得任何奖赏。” 3　 The old man thought for a moment and said slowly, “If I win the game, I’d like one grain of rice for the first square of the chessboard, two for the second, four for the third...I’d like you to double the amount for each of the rest of the squares.” 老人思索片刻，缓缓说道：“如果我赢了，我想要棋盘的第一格放 1 粒米，第二格放 2 粒，第三格放 4 粒…… 我要你给剩下的格子上的米粒数都逐次加倍。” 4　 Wouldn’t you like gold or silver instead? 你不想要金子或银子吗？ 5　 “No, just rice,” the old man replied without hesitation. “不，只要大米。”老人毫不犹豫地回答。 6　 “How many grains of rice will this be?” the king wondered. “这得需要多少粒米啊？”国王暗自琢磨。 7　 After thinking about it for a moment, the king agreed. 考虑了一会儿之后，国王便应允了。 8　 What per cent of the world’s population currently live in Asia? 目前生活在亚洲的人口占世界人口多少比例？ 9　 We need to decide the dates. And then we need to check the train or flight schedule. Also, we need to make a budget. 我们需要确定日期，然后要查看火车或航班时刻，还得做一个预算。 10　 Prices have risen sharply over the last few months. 过去几个月，价格大幅上涨。 11　 The price of rice is going up. 米价在上涨。 12　 Oil is going down in price. 石油正在跌价。 13　 Each “stick” stands for a thing we want to count, such as an animal or a bag of rice. 每一根小棍代表我们想计数的一个东西，比如一头动物或一袋大米。 14　 Tally sticks are easy to understand, but it can take a long time to write down large numbers. 计数棍很容易明白，但是记大数字需要很长时间。 15　 Later, people created faster ways of writing numbers. One such system developed in ancient India. 后来人们发明了更快的计数方法，其中一个计数方法体系发展于古印度。 16　 Instead of using tally sticks, people began using different abstract symbols to represent different numbers. 不再使用计数棍，人们开始使用不同的抽象符号来代表不同的数字。 17　 Researchers do not know exactly how this happened, but some believe that the sticks slowly turned into symbols over the centuries. 研究人员不是十分清楚这种转变究竟是如何发生的，但是有人认为计数棍逐渐转变成符号的过程历经数百年。 2. Grammar 基数词 【定义】表示数目多少的数词 【注意】 1　 英语里没有万、亿这样的单位数词 2　 超过1千，由后向前数，每三位数打个逗号。第一个逗号前面的数读作“某千 (thousand)”，第二个 逗号前的数读作“某百万（million)”，第三个逗号前的数读作“某十亿(billion)” 3　 hundred，thousand，million等词后不加-s 4　 百位和十位之间加and 5　 十位和个位之间加连字符 35 thirty-five 272 two hundred and seventy-two 2， two thousand 000 2， two thousand 003 and three 2， two thousand 021 and twenty-one 2， two thousand 234 two hundred and thirty-four 12， twelve thousand 234 two hundred and thirty-four 246， two hundred and forty-six thousand 234 two hundred and thirty-four 10， ten million 246， two hundred and forty-six thousand 234 two hundred and thirty-four 【拓展】 hundreds of，thousands of，millions of表示：数以百计、千计、百万计。这样用法时，后面需要加-s e.g. Thousands of people collect at the square. 序数词 【定义】表示顺序先后的数词 【口诀】 序数词，表顺序，基数后面th 一二三要牢记：first, second, third 八加h，九去e ve变为f，y要变为i+e 基数词 序数词 基数词 序数词 基数词 序数词 one first eleven eleventh twenty-one twenty-first two second twelve twelfth twenty-two twenty-second three third thirteen thirteenth twenty-three twenty-third four fourth fourteen fourteenth twenty-four twenty-fourth five fifth fifteen fifteenth twenty-five twenty-fifth six sixth sixteen sixteenth twenty-six twenty-sixth seven seventh seventeen seventeenth twenty-seven twenty-seventh eight eighth eighteen eighteenth twenty-eight twenty-eighth nine ninth nineteen nineteenth twenty-nine twenty-ninth ten tenth twenty twentieth thirty thirtieth 【用法】 1　 序数词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语等，前面一般要加上the e.g. March is the third month of a year. My parents have three children and I am the second one. 2　 不强调顺序，表示“再……”，“又……”时用不定冠词 e.g. She poured me a second cup of coffee. 3　 表示名次时不用定冠词 e.g. He graduated with a first. We were second in this competition. He won first prize in this competition. 3. Practice 1) 单词和短语汉译英 2) 单词和短语英译汉 序号 单词和短语 词性 中文 1 flight n. 2 schedule n. 3 everywhere adv. 4 challenge v. 5 prize n. 6 promise v. 7 chessboard n. 8 silver n. 9 reply v. 10 hesitation n. 11 wonder v. 12 agree v. 13 per cent n. 14 currently adv. 15 check v. 16 budget n. 17 province n. 18 sharply adv. 19 count v. 20 system n. 21 symbol n. 22 represent v. 23 exactly adv. 24 flight schedule phrase 25 price tag phrase 26 for a moment phrase 27 without hesitation phrase 28 go up phrase 29 go down phrase 30 write down phrase 31 instead of phrase 3) 完成句子 1　 One day, a ______ old man came to the palace and the king ______ him to a game. 一天，一位智慧的老者来到王宫，国王向他发起了一局对弈挑战。 She had made a very ______ decision. 她作了一个非常明智的决定。 He lost the game and refused to accept it, so he ______ me ______ a fight. 他输了比赛不服气，要跟我单挑打一架。 2　 “You can have any ______ if you win the game,” The king ______ the old man. 国王向老者承诺：“如果你赢得比赛，可以获得任何奖赏。” He won first ______ at the piano competition. 他在钢琴比赛中获得了一等奖。 Jack’s parents have ______ him a mountain bike if he comes first in the race. 杰克的父母许诺他一辆山地自行车，如果他在赛跑中得第一名的话。 3　 The old man thought ______ ______ ______ and said slowly, “If I win the game, I’d like one grain of rice for the first ______ of the ______, two for the second, four for the third...I’d like you to ______ the amount for each of the ______ of the squares.” 老人思索片刻，缓缓说道：“如果我赢了，我想要棋盘的第一格放 1 粒米，第二格放 2 粒，第三格放 4 粒…… 我要你给剩下的格子上的米粒数都逐次加倍。” The population of this small town almost ______ in two years. 这个小镇的人口两年内几乎翻了一倍。 He bought a bottle of vinegar and treated himself an ice cream with ______ ______ ______ the money. 他买了一瓶醋，然后用剩下的钱给自己买了一根冰激凌。 4　 Wouldn’t you like ______ or ______ ______? 你不想要金子或银子吗？ Lee can’t attend tomorrow’s meeting because he’s got a fever. So I will go ______. 李因为发烧不能参加明天的会议，所以我代替去。 5　 “No, just rice,” the old man ______ ______ ______. “不，只要大米。”老人毫不犹豫地回答。 He never ______ ______ any of my letters. 他从来没有回复过我的信。 6　 “How many grains of rice will this be?” the king ______. “这得需要多少粒米啊？”国王暗自琢磨。 I am ______ who she is. 我在想她到底是谁。 7　 After thinking about it ______ ______ ______, the king ______. 考虑了一会儿之后，国王便应允了。 Do you think he’ll ______ ______ their suggestion? 你认为他会同意他们的建议吗？ Li had a fever and the teacher ______ ______ let him go early. 李发烧了，老师同意让他早走。 He ______ ______ them about the need for change. 他赞成他们需要变革的意见。 8　 What ______ of the world’s population ______ live in Asia? 目前生活在亚洲的人口占世界人口多少比例？ 9　 We need to decide the dates. And then we need to ______ the train or ______ ______. Also, we need to make a ______. 我们需要确定日期，然后要查看火车或航班时刻，还得做一个预算。 If we leave now, I can catch the earlier ______. 我们要是现在动身，我就可以赶上早一点的航班。 I have a busy ______ for the next few days. 我今后几天的日程紧得要命。 10　 Prices have risen ______ over the last few months. 过去几个月，价格大幅上涨。 11　 The price of rice is ______ ______. 米价在上涨。 12　 Oil is ______ ______ in price. 石油正在跌价。 13　 Each “stick” stands for a thing we want to ______, such as an animal or a bag of rice. 每一根小棍代表我们想计数的一个东西，比如一头动物或一袋大米。 14　 Tally sticks are easy to understand, but it can take a long time to ______ ______ large numbers. 计数棍很容易明白，但是记大数字需要很长时间。 15　 Later, people created faster ways of writing numbers. One such ______ ______ in ancient India. 后来人们发明了更快的计数方法，其中一个计数方法体系发展于古印度。 She ______ the company from nothing. 她白手起家办起了这个公司。 16　 ______ ______ using tally sticks, people began using different abstract ______ to ______ different numbers. 不再使用计数棍，人们开始使用不同的抽象符号来代表不同的数字。 Now I can ride to work ______ ______ going on foot. 现在我可以骑车去上班，而不必走路了。 Red has always been a ______ of joy and good luck in Chinese culture. 在中国文化中，红色一向象征着喜庆和好运。 17　 Researchers do not know ______ how this happened, but some believe that the sticks slowly turned into ______ over the centuries. 研究人员不是十分清楚这种转变究竟是如何发生的，但是有人认为计数棍逐渐转变成符号的过程历经数百年。 You haven’t changed at all─you still look ______ the same. 你一点没变——看上去完全是老样子。 答案： She had made a very wise decision. 她作了一个非常明智的决定。 He lost the game and refused to accept it, so he challenged me to a fight. 他输了比赛不服气，要跟我单挑打一架。 He won first prize at the piano competition. 他在钢琴比赛中获得了一等奖。 Jack’s parents have promised him a mountain bike if he comes first in the race. 杰克的父母许诺他一辆山地自行车，如果他在赛跑中得第一名的话。 The population of this small town almost doubled in two years. 这个小镇的人口两年内几乎翻了一倍。 He bought a bottle of vinegar and treated himself an ice cream with the rest of the money. 他买了一瓶醋，然后用剩下的钱给自己买了一根冰激凌。 Lee can’t attend tomorrow’s meeting because he’s got a fever. So I will go instead. 李因为发烧不能参加明天的会议，所以我代替去。 He never replied to any of my letters.他从来没有回复过我的信。 I am wondering who she is.我在想她到底是谁。 Do you think he’ll agree to their suggestion?你认为他会同意他们的建议吗？ Li had a fever and the teacher agreed to let him go early.李发烧了，老师同意让他早走。 He agreed with them about the need for change.他赞成他们需要变革的意见。 If we leave now, I can catch the earlier flight. 我们要是现在动身，我就可以赶上早一点的航班。 I have a busy schedule for the next few days.我今后几天的日程紧得要命。 She developed the company from nothing.她白手起家办起了这个公司。 Now I can ride to work instead of going on foot.现在我可以骑车去上班，而不必走路了。 Red has always been a symbol of joy and good luck in Chinese culture. 在中国文化中，红色一向象征着喜庆和好运。 You haven’t changed at all─you still look exactly the same. 你一点没变——看上去完全是老样子。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $