专题10 六选四（期中真题汇编，上海专用）高一英语上学期

专题10 六选四 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海第二中学·期中) The most universal facial expression is the smile — its function is to show happiness and put people at ease. A smile says, “I like you. You make me happy.” That’s why dogs make such a hit. They are so glad to see us that they almost jump out of their skins. 1 A baby’s smile has the same effect. Have you ever been in a doctor’s waiting room and looked around at all the sad faces waiting impatiently to be seen? There were six or seven patients waiting when a young woman came in with a nine-month-old baby. She sat down next to a gentleman who was more than a little impatient about the long wait for service. The baby just looked up at him with that great big smile that is so characteristic of babies. 2 Soon he struck up a conversation with the woman about her baby and his grand-children and then the entire reception room joined in, and the boredom and tension were changed into a pleasant and enjoyable experience. 3 Telephone companies throughout the US have a program called “phone power” which is offered to employees who use the telephone for selling their services or products. In this program they suggest that you smile when talking on the phone. Your “smile” comes through in your voice. You don’t feel like smiling? Well, force yourself to smile. If you are alone, force yourself to whistle or hum a tune or sing. Act as if you were already happy, and that will tend to make you happy. Your smile is a messenger of your goodwill. 4 To someone who has seen a dozen people frown or turn their faces away, your smile is like the sun breaking through the clouds. Especially when someone is under pressure from his bosses, his customers, his teachers or parents of children, a smile can help him realize that all is not hopeless — that there is joy in the world. A．He smiled back at the baby. B．We should give others a real smile, a smile that comes from within. C．Smile gets much easier with practice. D．So, naturally, we are glad to see them. E．Your smile brightens the lives of all who see it. F．The effect of a smile is powerful, even when it is unseen. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海高桥中学·期中) We can all have a bad night of sleep and that’s perfectly normal, but how could we try to improve both the quantity and the quality of our sleep? Here are four tips for better sleep. Let’s start with regularity. 1 Regularity is king, and it will actually help your sleep, no matter whether it’s the weekday or the weekend or even if you’ve had a bad night of sleep. Many of us use an alarm to wake up but very few of us use a to-bed alarm, and that’s something that can be helpful. 2 It turns out that your brain and your body need to drop their temperature by about 1℃ in order to begin sleep and then to stay asleep. And this is the reason that you will always find it easier to fall asleep in a room that’s too cold than too hot. The third tip is darkness. We need darkness specifically in the evening to produce a hormone called melatonin (褪黑素). 3 Turn off the lights in your room. You’d actually be quite surprised at how sleepy that can make you feel. The final tip is to walk it out. Don’t stay in bed awake for long periods of time. And the general rule is that if you’ve woken up and you can’t get back to sleep after 25 minutes, the recommendation is to get out of bed. And you can go and do something else. 4 In that way, gradually, your brain will relearn the relation that your bed is this place of sound and continuous sleep. A．Next, keep the room cool. B．Only return to bed when you’re sleepy. C．Visit your doctor if you have a sleep problem. D．It doesn’t matter whether you get up or fall asleep again. E．Go to bed at the same time and wake up at the same time. F．In the last hour before bed, try to stay away from all of those computer screens and phones. Passage 3 (24-25高一上·上海师大二附中·期中) Houses of the Future What will houses be like in thirty years’ time? No one really knows, but architects are trying to predict. 1 . Future houses will have to be flexible. In thirty years’ time, even more of us will be working from home. So we will have to be able to use areas of the houses for work for part of the day and for living for the rest. Families grow and change with children arriving, growing up and leaving home. 2 Nothing will be as fixed as it is now. The house will always be changing to meet changing needs. Everyone agrees that in thirty years’ time we will be living in “intelligent” houses. We will be able to talk to our kitchen machines and discuss with them what to do Like this. “We’ll be having a party this weekend. What food shall we cook? ” 3 We will be able to leave most of the cooking to the machines, just tasting things from time to time to check. The house of the future will be personal — each house will be different. You will be able to change the color of the wall easily. You won’t have to paint them — you’ll be able to tell the wall to change the color! And if you don’t like the color the next day, you’ll be able to have a new one. 4 . A．What will our home be like then? B．And the machine will tell us what food we will have to buy and how to cook it. C．The house will be equipped with a central nervous system that will sense and analyze all appliances and systems. D．The only thing you won’t be able to do is move the house somewhere else! E．The house of the future will have to grow and change with the family. F．The kid might take their bedrooms with them as they leave. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 (23-24高一上·上海进才中学·期中) We all regard receiving presents as a pleasant experience and yet it can be one of the most awkward situations. It is often difficult to look pleased when you receive a gift which is useless or the wrong size. 1 However, you have no right to change an article purchased just because it does not fit or is not to your liking. Worse still, the agreement on the sale is between the person who bought it and the shop. So you will have to tell your favourite aunt that the T-shirt does not fit. But an exchange is not always that simple because there has to be a good reason for it. 2 For example, if the buyer was told that a switch was voice-operated and later found out it was not, then action could be taken. You would have the right to return it and get the money back. But if you are returning something, no matter what the reason is, you will be expected to have proof of purchase. If the receipt cannot be found, then it is possible to use another proof of purchase such as a credit card receipt. If all of these have been lost, you may have to rely on a witness. Many big stores have a much more tolerant policy towards return and see it as a gesture of good will to exchange goods without question. Stores including Marks & Spencer are well-known for their “no argument” policy on returned goods. 3 So if a shop refuses to exchange the goods or to offer a refund, the seller is likely to be within his legal rights unless there is something wrong with the goods. In that case, the boot is on the other foot. You have every right to demand a cash refund or a replacement, but only if you have returned it within a “reasonable” time. 4 Some shops and stores expect things to be returned within a week of purchase, while others may permit a much longer time limit. in any case, if you return a thing after what is considered a “reasonable” time, then all you are legally entitled to is the cost of repair. A．It is unlike anything you would buy for yourself. B．However, shoppers should remember this is a privilege, not a right. C．Unfortunately, the law does not explain what it meant by “reasonable”. D．All you can do is exchange it after your friend or relative has gone home. E．Either the thing has to be broken or unsuitable for the job it was intended to do. F．You should make clear what your legal position is before returning goods to the shop. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海晋元高级中学·期中) Distance or Face-to-Face Learning: What’s the Difference? Although many people think it is a modern phenomenon, distance learning has been around for at least 200 years in one form or another. When comparing the two systems, the first and most obvious area to focus on is the way that learning is delivered. Distance learning is heavily dependent on technology, particularly the internet. 1 In comparison, when learning remotely, technology is the principal means of communication. The flexibility this provides means that students may be better able to learn at their own pace, following their own timetable, but it may also mean that learners have to be well-organized and self-disciplined. They must therefore be highly motivated in order to do well on the distance-learning courses. 2 . Namely, the teacher is the “knower”, and is responsible for helping students understand the key components of the course. However, the nature of the relationship may differ slightly within the two modes of delivery. With face-to-face learning, the teacher and student have the opportunity to develop a personal relationship through lectures, seminars and tutorials. This is different from a distance-learning course, where the teacher may seldom or indeed never actually meet the student. This may make it hard for teachers to understand their learners’ specific learning needs. 3 . Generally, students like to meet regularly and talk to people on the same course. However, this kind of interaction on a distance-learning course is less common. Although people can increasingly interact through online conversations and message boards, there is a significant difference between virtual and real interaction. Time and geography must also be considered when contrasting these two types of learning. Face-to-face learning must take place in real time and in one location. 4 . In conclusion, it is difficult to state whether one form of learning is better than another, as they cater for different audiences. What is important to understand is the different ways in which they operate, and that there are strong similarities between the two systems, which can both produce positive results. A．Historical examples of long-distance learning include students being sent a series of weekly lessons by post. B．On the contrary, distance learning can happen at any time and in any location, since the learning is not restricted by geography. C．On a face-to-face course, students may only require a computer for the purpose of writing an essay. D．The technological advances of the past 20 or so years have meant that distance learning is now able to rival face-to-face learning as a credible alternative. E．For many students, interaction with their peers is one of the best aspects of university education. F．In terms of the teacher-student relationship, the core principles remain the same. Passage 3 (24-25高一上·上海奉贤区·期中) Students’ Journey to Empower Rural Heritage From Aug. 18 to 22 a team of 15 Tsinghua University students, representing diverse backgrounds from China, South Korea, Malaysia, and Indonesia, set foot on an overseas research exploration focusing on rural revitalization(振兴) in Indonesian villages, particularly within Nusa Tenggara Barat(NTB). With the diverse cultural heritage, Indonesia is home to over 83,000 villages, each radiating its own charm and character. 1 The research mission took the students to Sukarara and Sade villages, two of NTB’s tourist destinations. 2 Sukarara and Sade are a world apart from the busy cities to which most of us are accustomed. The villages are a living test to Indonesia’s rich culture and its devotion to preserving traditions. The Revitalizing these villages goes beyond mere economic development. 3 The weaving skills and architectural techniques of Sukarara and Sade villages are not only beautiful, but they are also an inseparable part to the identity of these communities. It’s essential that they strike a balance between progress and preservation. As the journey came to an end, the students carry with them not only the memories of their experiences there, but also the responsibility to make a positive impact on these remarkable places. 4 They are optimistic that Indonesian villages can experience meaningful development, ultimately leading to increased opportunities for employment and an improved quality of life. A．While these villages possess undeniable fascination, many remain underdeveloped. B．This effort includes the knowledge exchange between the students and local villagers C．Both were selected for revitalization efforts led by the Village Revitalization Team. D．In Sukarara, a local tradition requires girls master weaving skills before marriage E．They decide to be a bridge between tradition and progress, united for their growth F．It’s about preserving the cultural heritage and ensuring traditions being passed down 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海闵行六校联考·期中) At my family’s cabin on a Minnesota lake, I knew woods so dark that my hands disappeared before my eyes. I knew night skies in which shooting stars left smoky trails across sugary spreads of stars. Today, though, when we feel the closeness of nightfall, we reach quickly for a light switch. And too little darkness, meaning too much artificial light at night, spells trouble for all. 1 Our bodies need darkness to produce the hormone melatonin (褪黑素), which keeps certain cancers from developing, and our bodies need darkness for sleep. Sleep disorders have been linked to diabetes, obesity, depression and other diseases. In today’s crowded, louder, more fast-paced world, night’s darkness can provide solitude, quiet and stillness, qualities that are in increasingly short supply. Every religious tradition has considered darkness invaluable for a soulful life, and the chance to witness the universe has inspired artists, philosophers and everyday stargazers since time began. 2 Who knows what this vision of the night sky might inspire in each of us, in our children or grandchildren? Yet all over the world, our nights are growing brighter. Computer images of the United States at night, based on NASA photographs, show that what was a very dark country in the 1950s is now nearly covered with a blanket of light. 3 Light pollution is readily within our ability to solve, using new lighting technologies and cutting existing lights. Already, many cities and towns across North America and Europe are changing to LED streetlights. Other communities are finding success with simply turning off portions of their public lighting after midnight. 4 But we will never truly address the problem of light pollution until we become aware of the irreplaceable value and beauty of the darkness we are losing. A．Though primarily designed to save energy, such reductions in light will also go far in addressing light pollution. B．The world depends on darkness, including animals who’s active at night or daybreak. C．Already the World Health Organization classifies working the night shift as a probable reason for disease. D．Those of us over 35 are perhaps among the last generation to have known truly dark nights. E．In a world filled with electric light, how would Van Gogh have given the world his “Starry Night”? F．However, it doesn’t have to be this way. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海北蔡高级中学·期中) In 1969, when Neil Armstrong first landed on the Moon, many people thought soon we would be regularly visiting other planets. This is clearly not the case. The reality is that space exploration is extremely difficult and dangerous. Some people believe it is a waste of the public purse and does nothing to improve our lives. Why do we continue to explore space, then? 1 From the very early days of human life on the Earth, our curiosity about the unknown has kept us adventuring into new places. While space exploration is a reality, we remain curious about the mysteries of the universe. With each space mission comes greater insight, thus motivating us to continue along the same path of adventure. With technologies developed for space exploration, we can solve some big problems facing mankind, making our lives safer and easier. 2 Originally applied to the space shuttle launch, they have also been set up in the cities with a high frequency of earthquakes to protect buildings and save lives. Although space exploration demands huge investment, it can actually bring great economic value. The global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year. 3 Jobs in the space industry go far beyond the astronauts. There are many support staff on the ground, such as engineers and research assistants. Moreover, the amazing work can provide education and inspiration for the next generation. Such wonders as a space shuttle launch or astronauts walking on the Moon are incredibly inspiring to witness. These moments shape children’s lives forever and motivate them to become the scientists and engineers of the future. 4 A．It is in our nature to explore. B．One of these is earthquake shock absorbers. C．The universe is too mysterious to explore. D．It can also provide a variety of career opportunities. E．These scientific and technological advances can benefit societies in many areas. F．When you’ve seen a man walk on the Moon, you grow up believing anything is possible! 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海松江云间中学·期中) My mother is a diligent and kind woman. She is very busy from morning till night. As a teacher, she works hard. 1 Both my brother and I love her dearly as she loves us. My mother has been teaching math at a middle school in my hometown. She goes to work early in the morning and does not return home until late in the afternoon. She loves her students and cares for them. She treats them with patience and teaches them well. For her excellent quality and very good teaching results, she has been elected as a model teacher several times. 2 Every day, when she comes back home from work, she sets about doing housework, sweeping the living room and bedrooms or cleaning the furniture, and putting everything in good order. She seems to be busy all the time. As she has been very busy working every day, she looks older than her age. But she looks as cheerful and happy as ever. Mother never buys expensive dresses for herself, but she often buys some inexpensive but high quality clothes for us. 3 She just eats a plain meal outside when she is too busy to cook herself. She lives a busy yet simple life, without any complaints. Often she says to us, "work while you work, and play while you play. That is the way to be happy and content. If you do not work, you will become lazy and be of no use to society". What a piece of good advice this is! 4 This advice of hers will always serve as a guide to my behavior. My mother is great indeed, and I always feel proud of her. A．As a mother, she takes good care of us and gives us every comfort. B．My mother is hard-working and never wastes money. C．Can you tell us something about your mother? D．She enjoys listening to classic music. E．She never goes to expensive restaurants to enjoy meals. F．I never forget it and always bear it in my mind. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海育才中学·期中) Suffering from chronic fatigue (慢性疲劳)? Read on to know how to deal with it. Let your brain waves relax before sleep. If you want to feel energized in the morning, you need to change your evening and bedtime routines. 1 Besides, stay away from your phone, laptop, TV and any device that gives off the blue light. Never skip your meals. No matter how busy or depressed you are, never ever skip your meals. Have a wholesome breakfast, a light lunch, healthy snacks and a delicious dinner every single day. 2 Take a nap: If you are suffering from chronic fatigue and you have trouble surviving the afternoon, taking a short nap(15-20 minutes) is a healthy way. Ask your co-workers not to disturb you for 15 minutes. Or let your boss know that you need to take a short nap every afternoon due to health issues. Give tea a try. 3 However, since it has poor energy-boosting properties, it is time to try something new. Earl Grey tea or black tea is a better option when it comes to energy-boosting drinks. 4 Taking a cold shower in the morning is an excellent way to wake yourself up and give yourself plenty of energy. However, if you have a weak immune system, this method is not for you. Drinking a glass of cold water as soon as you wake up is a safer way to pump up your energy levels. A．Increase your body’s oxygen B．Choose ice water instead of a cold shower. C．Coffee has always been a favorite morning drink for many people. D．If your body doesn’t get enough nutrients, chronic fatigue is unavoidable. E．Do not overload your brain with unnecessary stuff and avoid negative talks. F．Taking a deep breath and muscle-tensing exercise helps you enter a state of relaxation. Passage 3 (24-25高一上·上海复旦附中·期中) It has been seen that language is much more than the external expression and communication of internal thoughts formulated independently of their verbalization. In demonstrating the inadequacy and inappropriateness of such a view of language, attention has already been drawn to the ways in which one’s native language is intimately and in all sorts of details related to the rest of one’s life in a community and to smaller groups within that community. 1 ; it is a universal fact about language. Anthropologists speak of the relations between language and culture. 2 Culture is here being used, as it is throughout this article, in the anthropological sense, to refer to all aspects of human life insofar as they are determined or conditioned by membership in a society. The fact that people eat or drink is not in itself cultural; it is a biological necessity for the preservation of life. That they eat particular foods and refrain from eating other substances, though they may be perfectly edible and nourishing, and that they eat and drink at particular times of day and in certain places are matters of culture, something “acquired by man as a member of society,” according to the classic definition of culture by the English anthropologist Sir. Edward Burnett Tylor. As thus defined and envisaged, culture covers a very wide area of human life and behavior. 3 Although the faculty of language acquisition and language use is innate and inherited, and there is legitimate debate over the extent of this innateness, every individual’s language is “acquired by man as a member of society,” along with and at the same time as other aspects of that society’s culture in which people are brought up. 4 Language can have developed only in a social setting, however this may have been structured, and human society in any form even remotely resembling what is known today or is recorded in history could be maintained only among people utilizing and understanding a language in common use. A．Society and language are mutually indispensable B．Language is a part of culture, but culture is a complex totality containing many different features C．Language is manifestly a part, probably the most important part, of it D．This is true of all peoples and all languages E．A language can become or be made a focus of the culture for a community F．It is indeed more in accordance with reality to consider language as a part of culture 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海顾村中学·期中) Trending City Walks Bring People Closer to Real Vibe of Life Recently, the “city walk” trend has been gaining steam among residents and tourists around China. On trend bible Xiaohongshu, data shows that the number of city walk-related topic posts has increased by 700 percent over the past three months, and the total number of interactions has increased by more than 600 percent. A city walk is a form of urban tourism originating in the UK. It referred to guided tours where participants followed a planned route under the guidance of tour guides, with a strong emphasis on delving deep into the city’s history, culture and landscapes among other aspects. 1 For the former, by participating in a city walk, they can gain insight into the city’s history, culture, and style, which allows them to connect personally with the city and experience its bustling life. For the latter two, they may spend weekends gaining a deeper understanding of their place of residence, reconnecting with that which they are familiar. Seasoned city walkers share their recommended routes and snack spots on social media and quickly rack up thousands of fans. Districts and streets with a great historical or cultural atmosphere in major cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Chengdu have become popular city walk routes. The appeal of a city walk lies in three aspects. First, the young generation gradually changes their attitude toward life, pursuing quality leisure time while being occupied with demanding workloads and limited time for exploration. 1 They may not witness the beautiful views they would in the countryside, but they do get an endless procession of exciting faces. Second, walking regularly is good for mental and physical health. Research shows that it significantly lowers your chances of developing vascular dementia, boosting your immune system and making for a healthier heart. While strolling along the road, you can entirely focus on yourself and listen to your inner voice and care for what you feel, which is a way to love yourself and benefit your psychological. well-being. Oscar Wilde once said, “To love oneself is the beginning of a lifelong romance.” 2 Last, city walkers are a cast of people who possess intense curiosity. They are keen to connect with the city in which they are stopping or reside in their own way. By “roaming” on foot, city walkers are better able to feel the texture and listen to the breath of a place. 3 For example, in Southwest China’s Chongqing Municipality, if you don’t take a walk, you can hardly experience the unique geographical charm of the mountainous city. Be it the hutong in Beijing or the Chinese parasol tree district in Shanghai; city walks allow people to see the scenery apart from the scene and uncover hidden knowledge. A．The streets and buildings may stay the same, but the people they meet change. B．They seek pleasure more through connection than consumption, which signifies a deep cultural curiosity. C．City walkers may be tourists from afar or migrant workers and locals. D．However, the tourist industry may misuse it as a profitable symbol and decrease its creativity and uniqueness. E．However, don’t do it just because it’s good for you, do it because it’s fun. F．City walks are becoming increasingly accepted and acknowledged by more and more people. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海上海中学·期中) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. It’s time to re-evaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get ou where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals. Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling, “very tired” or “exhausted,” according to a recent study. 1 It’s also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying “no.” Women want to be able to do it all -- volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals -- and so their answer to any request is often “Yes, I can.” Women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. 2 . At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don’t want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. 3 Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what’s the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem -- even if that means doing the boring work themselves. This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor in who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. 4 Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, It may highlight your inability to delegate effectively. A．Unfortunately, this inability to say “no” may be hurting women’s health as well as their career. B．Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely -- including staff expertise. C．For example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over who should be the one to fix it. D．Men and women tend to behave differently when faced with a dispute E．This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children . F．The reason why women in this age range suffer so much is that they cannot say “no.” 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海横沙中学·期中) U.N. Report Warns Nature Crisis A new U.N. report focuses on the negative effects of human activity on nature. It says one million plant and animal species on land, in the seas and in the sky are now in danger of extinction. 1 It draws on the work of 450 scientists from dozens of countries. The Earth has always suffered from human activity, it says. However, these scratches (划伤) have become deep scars (伤疤) over the past 50 years. Species are going extinct several hundred times faster than the average rate during the past ten million years. It’s something that has never happened before in human history. 2 Since 1970, the human population has doubled. The global economy has grown by four times. To feed, clothe and give energy to this fast-changing world, lots of forests have been cut down. Between 1980 and 2000, one million square kilometers of tropical (热带的) forest were lost. Furthermore, hunting, overfishing and pollution have also been killing species in great numbers. The problem can be fixed, the report says. 3 The amount of land and sea that is under protection needs to increase rapidly. The report suggests governments move away from using GDP as a key measure of development. Long-term effects must be considered, too. Professor Eduardo Brondizio of Indiana University is an author of the report. He says, “We all know what needs to be done. The knowledge is there. 4 ” A．However, this requires considerable changes. B．Over 120 wildlife species are facing extinction. C．The 1,800-page report took three years to finish. D．The report listed several causes for the situation. E．There just needs to be a greater will to take action. F．The report also finds that global goals for protecting nature cannot be met. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海位育中学·期中) A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference.   1 Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways. The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters. After a while, it collects in the sea. And plastic never goes away. Plastic is not biodegradable — destroyed by bacteria or natural processes. Instead, it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time. The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants. 2 . That means harmful materials may get into our food supply. 3 . Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it. They can use fewer single use product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic recycling programs also works — where old bottles and other plastics are collected, broken down and used to make new products. We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to, rather than end it after the first use. We could, when we get rid of that plastic, recycle and reuse it, which replaces the need for raw materials. The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics. 4 And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use. By putting a new value on plastic, industry has a special reason to clean up the environment. But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem. A．But people can make a big difference. B．Plastics should be gathered together and reused. C．Then, fish may eat the plastics. D．It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life. E．It asks for them to better measure and direct plastic use. F．The report tells about harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题10 六选四 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海第二中学·期中) The most universal facial expression is the smile — its function is to show happiness and put people at ease. A smile says, “I like you. You make me happy.” That’s why dogs make such a hit. They are so glad to see us that they almost jump out of their skins. 1 A baby’s smile has the same effect. Have you ever been in a doctor’s waiting room and looked around at all the sad faces waiting impatiently to be seen? There were six or seven patients waiting when a young woman came in with a nine-month-old baby. She sat down next to a gentleman who was more than a little impatient about the long wait for service. The baby just looked up at him with that great big smile that is so characteristic of babies. 2 Soon he struck up a conversation with the woman about her baby and his grand-children and then the entire reception room joined in, and the boredom and tension were changed into a pleasant and enjoyable experience. 3 Telephone companies throughout the US have a program called “phone power” which is offered to employees who use the telephone for selling their services or products. In this program they suggest that you smile when talking on the phone. Your “smile” comes through in your voice. You don’t feel like smiling? Well, force yourself to smile. If you are alone, force yourself to whistle or hum a tune or sing. Act as if you were already happy, and that will tend to make you happy. Your smile is a messenger of your goodwill. 4 To someone who has seen a dozen people frown or turn their faces away, your smile is like the sun breaking through the clouds. Especially when someone is under pressure from his bosses, his customers, his teachers or parents of children, a smile can help him realize that all is not hopeless — that there is joy in the world. A．He smiled back at the baby. B．We should give others a real smile, a smile that comes from within. C．Smile gets much easier with practice. D．So, naturally, we are glad to see them. E．Your smile brightens the lives of all who see it. F．The effect of a smile is powerful, even when it is unseen. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．F 4．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了微笑的巨大力量。 1．上文“That’s why dogs make such a hit. They are so glad to see us that they almost jump out of their skins.(这就是为什么狗如此受欢迎。它们见到我们太高兴了，几乎要跳出来了)”提到狗看到我们如此高兴以至于它们欣喜若狂，空处承接上文，D项“所以很自然地，我们很高兴看到它们”提到我们的反应，与上文相呼应，them指代前文的dogs，符合语境。故选D。 2．上文“She sat down next to a gentleman who was more than a little impatient about the long wait for service. The baby just looked up at him with that great big smile that is so characteristic of babies.(她坐在一位先生旁边，这位先生对漫长的等待服务有点不耐烦。婴儿只是抬头看着他，脸上带着婴儿特有的灿烂笑容)”提到婴儿看着不耐烦的病人，下文“Soon he struck up a conversation with the woman about her baby and his grand- children and then the entire reception room joined in, and the boredom and tension were changed into a pleasant and enjoyable experience.(很快，他和这位女士聊起了她的孩子和他的孙子，然后整个接待室都加入了进来，无聊和紧张变成了愉快的经历)”指出他和婴儿的妈妈交谈了起来，A项“他也对婴儿报以微笑”谈到这位先生看到婴儿笑容之后的最初反应，承上启下，符合语境，其中选项中的smiled back与上文的with that great big smile相呼应。故选A项。 3．下文“Telephone companies throughout the US have a program called “phone power” which is offered to employees who use the telephone for selling their services or products. In this program they suggest that you smile when talking on the phone. Your “smile” comes through in your voice.(美国各地的电话公司都有一个名为“电话力量”的项目，该项目面向使用电话销售服务或产品的员工。在这个项目中，他们建议你在打电话时微笑。你的“微笑”会通过声音传达出来)”以“phone power”为例，建议人们在打电话的时候微笑，你的微笑可以通过你的声音传递出去。空处位于段首，应该对下面的例子从理论上进行说明，F项“微笑的效果是强大的，即使它是看不见的”表明在看不见对方的时候微笑也会起作用，承接下文，符合语境。故选F。 4．上文“Your smile is a messenger of your goodwill.(你的微笑是你善意的使者)”指出微笑表达出善意，下文“To someone who has seen a dozen people frown or turn their faces away, your smile is like the sun breaking through the clouds.(对于一个见过十几个人皱眉或转过脸去的人来说，你的微笑就像太阳冲破云层)”用比喻的方式说明微笑的力量，E项“你的微笑照亮了所有看到它的人的生活”表达出微笑的作用，与上下文逻辑一致，符合语境。故选E项。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海高桥中学·期中) We can all have a bad night of sleep and that’s perfectly normal, but how could we try to improve both the quantity and the quality of our sleep? Here are four tips for better sleep. Let’s start with regularity. 1 Regularity is king, and it will actually help your sleep, no matter whether it’s the weekday or the weekend or even if you’ve had a bad night of sleep. Many of us use an alarm to wake up but very few of us use a to-bed alarm, and that’s something that can be helpful. 2 It turns out that your brain and your body need to drop their temperature by about 1℃ in order to begin sleep and then to stay asleep. And this is the reason that you will always find it easier to fall asleep in a room that’s too cold than too hot. The third tip is darkness. We need darkness specifically in the evening to produce a hormone called melatonin (褪黑素). 3 Turn off the lights in your room. You’d actually be quite surprised at how sleepy that can make you feel. The final tip is to walk it out. Don’t stay in bed awake for long periods of time. And the general rule is that if you’ve woken up and you can’t get back to sleep after 25 minutes, the recommendation is to get out of bed. And you can go and do something else. 4 In that way, gradually, your brain will relearn the relation that your bed is this place of sound and continuous sleep. A．Next, keep the room cool. B．Only return to bed when you’re sleepy. C．Visit your doctor if you have a sleep problem. D．It doesn’t matter whether you get up or fall asleep again. E．Go to bed at the same time and wake up at the same time. F．In the last hour before bed, try to stay away from all of those computer screens and phones. 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．F 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章关于如何提高睡眠质量，提出了建议。 1．由上文“Here are four tips for better sleep. (这里有四条提高睡眠质量的建议。)”和“Let’s start with regularity. (让我们从规律性开始。)”可知，本段主要讨论的是睡眠的规律性。本空需要填入一个与“规律性”相关的句子。E选项“Go to bed at the same time and wake up at the same time. (在同一时间上床睡觉，在同一时间醒来。)”直接描述了保持睡眠规律性的具体做法，能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 2．由下文“It turns out that your brain and your body need to drop their temperature by about 1℃ in order to begin sleep and then to stay asleep. (事实证明，你的大脑和身体需要降低大约1摄氏度的温度才能开始睡眠，然后保持睡眠状态。)”可知，本段主要讨论的是睡眠与体温的关系，本空应强调温度的重要性。A选项“Next, keep the room cool. (接下来，保持房间凉爽。)”直接引出了保持房间凉爽以助于睡眠的观点，能引起下文，符合题意。故选A。 3．由上文“The third tip is darkness. We need darkness specifically in the evening to produce a hormone called melatonin (褪黑素). (第三点是黑暗。我们特别需要晚上的黑暗来产生一种叫做褪黑激素的激素。)”和下文“Turn off the lights in your room. You’d actually be quite surprised at how sleepy that can make you feel. (把你房间里的灯关掉。你会惊讶地发现它会让你感到多么困倦。)”可知，本段主要讨论的是黑暗环境对褪黑素产生的影响，本空应介绍具体怎样保持黑暗环境。F选项“In the last hour before bed, try to stay away from all of those computer screens and phones. (在睡觉前的一个小时内，尽量远离电脑屏幕和手机。)”提出了一个建议，即在睡觉前的一个小时内避免使用电子设备，以有利于保持黑暗环境，能承接上文，且为下文关掉房间里的灯做了铺垫。故选F。 4．由上文“And the general rule is that if you’ve woken up and you can’t get back to sleep after 25 minutes, the recommendation is to get out of bed. And you can go and do something else. (一般的规则是，如果你醒来后25分钟内无法再次入睡，建议起床。你可以去做其他事情。)”和下文“In that way, gradually, your brain will relearn the relation that your bed is this place of sound and continuous sleep. (这样，渐渐地，你的大脑就会重新认识到你的床是一个能让你持续健康睡眠的地方。)”可知，上文提到醒来后无法入睡，下文说到床是睡觉和保持连续睡眠的地方，本空应强调困倦时回到床上睡觉，因为床是睡觉和保持连续睡眠的地方，B选项“Only return to bed when you’re sleepy. (只有当你感到困倦时才回到床上。)”直接引出了当感到困倦时才回到床上的建议，能承接上文，且为下文做了铺垫，符合题意。故选B。 Passage 3 (24-25高一上·上海师大二附中·期中) Houses of the Future What will houses be like in thirty years’ time? No one really knows, but architects are trying to predict. 1 . Future houses will have to be flexible. In thirty years’ time, even more of us will be working from home. So we will have to be able to use areas of the houses for work for part of the day and for living for the rest. Families grow and change with children arriving, growing up and leaving home. 2 Nothing will be as fixed as it is now. The house will always be changing to meet changing needs. Everyone agrees that in thirty years’ time we will be living in “intelligent” houses. We will be able to talk to our kitchen machines and discuss with them what to do Like this. “We’ll be having a party this weekend. What food shall we cook? ” 3 We will be able to leave most of the cooking to the machines, just tasting things from time to time to check. The house of the future will be personal — each house will be different. You will be able to change the color of the wall easily. You won’t have to paint them — you’ll be able to tell the wall to change the color! And if you don’t like the color the next day, you’ll be able to have a new one. 4 . A．What will our home be like then? B．And the machine will tell us what food we will have to buy and how to cook it. C．The house will be equipped with a central nervous system that will sense and analyze all appliances and systems. D．The only thing you won’t be able to do is move the house somewhere else! E．The house of the future will have to grow and change with the family. F．The kid might take their bedrooms with them as they leave. 【答案】1．A 2．E 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对未来三十年后房屋设计和功能的预测，强调了灵活性、智能化和个人化的特点。 1．上文“What will houses be like in thirty years’ time? No one really knows, but architects are trying to predict.(三十年后的房子会是什么样子？没有人真正知道，但建筑师们正在尝试预测)”对未来的房子是什么样的提出疑问，下文“Future houses will have to be flexible.(未来的房屋必须是灵活的)”表明对未来房子灵活性的要求，A选项“那时我们的家会是什么样的呢？”引出对未来房屋特性的讨论，承上启下，符合语境。故选A。 2．上文“Families grow and change with children arriving, growing up and leaving home.(随着孩子的到来、成长和离家，家庭也在成长和变化)”描述了家庭结构的变化，下文“Nothing will be as fixed as it is now. The house will always be changing to meet changing needs.(没有什么会像现在这样固定不变；房屋将始终在变化以适应变化的需求)”表明房屋要满足改变的需求，E选项“未来的房屋必须随着家庭的成长而变化。”指出了未来房屋需要适应家庭的变化，承上启下，符合语境。故选E。 3．上文“We will be able to talk to our kitchen machines and discuss with them what to do Like this. “We’ll be having a party this weekend. What food shall we cook? ”(我们将能够与厨房机器交谈，并与它们讨论该做什么，比如：“我们这周末要开派对。我们应该做什么食物？”)”表明我们可以与智能厨房设备交流，下文“We will be able to leave most of the cooking to the machines, just tasting things from time to time to check.(我们可以把大部分烹饪工作留给机器处理，只需要不时地品尝一下以确认味道)”点明我们可以把工作留给机器，E选项“而且机器会告诉我们需要买什么食物以及如何烹饪。”表明智能厨房设备如何帮助人们规划和准备食物，the machine与上文 our kitchen machines相呼应，承上启下，符合语境。故选B。 4．上文“The house of the future will be personal — each house will be different. You will be able to change the color of the wall easily. You won’t have to paint them — you’ll be able to tell the wall to change the color! And if you don’t like the color the next day, you’ll be able to have a new one.(未来的房屋将是个性化的——每个房屋都将与众不同。你可以轻易地改变墙壁的颜色。你不必亲自涂漆——只需告诉墙壁更换颜色！如果你第二天不喜欢这个颜色，你还可以选择新的颜色)”表明可以使房子个性化，轻易地改变墙壁的颜色，D项“唯一不能做的事情就是把房子搬到别的地方！”以松幽默的方式结束了全文，表明你不能做的事情，与上文形成对比，符合语境。故选D。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 (23-24高一上·上海进才中学·期中) We all regard receiving presents as a pleasant experience and yet it can be one of the most awkward situations. It is often difficult to look pleased when you receive a gift which is useless or the wrong size. 1 However, you have no right to change an article purchased just because it does not fit or is not to your liking. Worse still, the agreement on the sale is between the person who bought it and the shop. So you will have to tell your favourite aunt that the T-shirt does not fit. But an exchange is not always that simple because there has to be a good reason for it. 2 For example, if the buyer was told that a switch was voice-operated and later found out it was not, then action could be taken. You would have the right to return it and get the money back. But if you are returning something, no matter what the reason is, you will be expected to have proof of purchase. If the receipt cannot be found, then it is possible to use another proof of purchase such as a credit card receipt. If all of these have been lost, you may have to rely on a witness. Many big stores have a much more tolerant policy towards return and see it as a gesture of good will to exchange goods without question. Stores including Marks & Spencer are well-known for their “no argument” policy on returned goods. 3 So if a shop refuses to exchange the goods or to offer a refund, the seller is likely to be within his legal rights unless there is something wrong with the goods. In that case, the boot is on the other foot. You have every right to demand a cash refund or a replacement, but only if you have returned it within a “reasonable” time. 4 Some shops and stores expect things to be returned within a week of purchase, while others may permit a much longer time limit. in any case, if you return a thing after what is considered a “reasonable” time, then all you are legally entitled to is the cost of repair. A．It is unlike anything you would buy for yourself. B．However, shoppers should remember this is a privilege, not a right. C．Unfortunately, the law does not explain what it meant by “reasonable”. D．All you can do is exchange it after your friend or relative has gone home. E．Either the thing has to be broken or unsuitable for the job it was intended to do. F．You should make clear what your legal position is before returning goods to the shop. 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述当你收到一份无用或尺寸不对的礼物时怎样去退换货以及退换货的一些要求。 1．根据上文“It is often difficult to look pleased when you receive a gift which is useless or the wrong size.(当你收到一份无用或尺寸不对的礼物时，往往很难表现出高兴的样子)”及下文“However, you have no right to change an article purchased just because it does not fit or is not to your liking. Worse still, the agreement on the sale is between the person who bought it and the shop.( 然而，你没有权利仅仅因为它不适合或不符合你的喜好而更换购买的物品。更糟糕的是，买卖协议是在买家和商店之间达成的)”可知，设空处应说的是发现礼物不合适可以去更换。由此可知，选项D“你所能做的就是等你的朋友或亲戚回家后再换。”符合题意。故选D。 2．根据上文“But an exchange is not always that simple because there has to be a good reason for it.(但更换并不总是那么简单，因为它必须有一个很好的理由)”可知，下文应该介绍更换的理由。由此可知，选项E“要么是这个东西坏了，要么是它不适合它本来要做的工作。”都符合更换的理由，和上文连接紧密，故选E。 3．根据上文“Many big stores have a much more tolerant policy towards return and see it as a gesture of good will to exchange goods without question. Stores including Marks & Spencer are well-known for their “no argument” policy on returned goods.(许多大商店对退货的态度要宽容得多，他们认为毫无疑问地换货是一种善意的表示。包括玛莎百货(Marks & Spencer)在内的商店以其对退货的“无异议”政策而闻名)”可知，这是一些商店给消费者的一种特权。由此可知，选项B“然而，购物者应该记住这是一种特权，而不是一种权利。”符合语境，故选B。 4．根据下文“Some shops and stores expect things to be returned within a week of purchase, while others may permit a much longer time limit. in any case, if you return a thing after what is considered a “reasonable” time, then all you are legally entitled to is the cost of repair.(一些商店和商店期望在购买后一周内退货，而另一些商店可能允许更长的时间限制。无论如何，如果你在被认为是“合理”的时间后归还了一件东西，那么你在法律上有权得到的只是修理费)”可知，本段主要讲述商家所给的退货的合理时间限制。由此可知，选项C“不幸的是，法律没有解释‘合理’是什么意思。”符合题意，故选C。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海晋元高级中学·期中) Distance or Face-to-Face Learning: What’s the Difference? Although many people think it is a modern phenomenon, distance learning has been around for at least 200 years in one form or another. When comparing the two systems, the first and most obvious area to focus on is the way that learning is delivered. Distance learning is heavily dependent on technology, particularly the internet. 1 In comparison, when learning remotely, technology is the principal means of communication. The flexibility this provides means that students may be better able to learn at their own pace, following their own timetable, but it may also mean that learners have to be well-organized and self-disciplined. They must therefore be highly motivated in order to do well on the distance-learning courses. 2 . Namely, the teacher is the “knower”, and is responsible for helping students understand the key components of the course. However, the nature of the relationship may differ slightly within the two modes of delivery. With face-to-face learning, the teacher and student have the opportunity to develop a personal relationship through lectures, seminars and tutorials. This is different from a distance-learning course, where the teacher may seldom or indeed never actually meet the student. This may make it hard for teachers to understand their learners’ specific learning needs. 3 . Generally, students like to meet regularly and talk to people on the same course. However, this kind of interaction on a distance-learning course is less common. Although people can increasingly interact through online conversations and message boards, there is a significant difference between virtual and real interaction. Time and geography must also be considered when contrasting these two types of learning. Face-to-face learning must take place in real time and in one location. 4 . In conclusion, it is difficult to state whether one form of learning is better than another, as they cater for different audiences. What is important to understand is the different ways in which they operate, and that there are strong similarities between the two systems, which can both produce positive results. A．Historical examples of long-distance learning include students being sent a series of weekly lessons by post. B．On the contrary, distance learning can happen at any time and in any location, since the learning is not restricted by geography. C．On a face-to-face course, students may only require a computer for the purpose of writing an essay. D．The technological advances of the past 20 or so years have meant that distance learning is now able to rival face-to-face learning as a credible alternative. E．For many students, interaction with their peers is one of the best aspects of university education. F．In terms of the teacher-student relationship, the core principles remain the same. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．E 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。从三个方面介绍了远程学习和面对面学习的不同点。 1．前文“Distance learning is heavily dependent on technology, particularly the internet. (远程教育在很大程度上依赖于技术，尤其是互联网)”介绍远程教育依赖互联网的事实。后文“In comparison, when learning remotely, technology is the principal means of communication. (比之下，远程学习时，技术是主要的交流手段)”介绍远程教育，技术是关键的事实。结合选项，D项“The technological advances of the past 20 or so years have meant that distance learning is now able to rival face-to-face learning as a credible alternative.(过去20年左右的技术进步意味着，作为一种可靠的选择，远程学习现在已经能够与面对面的学习相媲美)”承上启下，都是在强调技术的进步对远程学习的重要作用和意义：技术的进步使得远程学习可以和面对面的学习相媲美。故选D。 2．分析篇章结构，空处应为本段中心句。后文“Namely, the teacher is the “knower”, and is responsible for helping students understand the key components of the course. However, the nature of the relationship may differ slightly within the two modes of delivery. (也就是说，老师是“知者”，负责帮助学生理解课程的关键部分。然而，在两种交付模式中，这种关系的性质可能略有不同)”介绍老师和学生之间是怎样的关系以及远程学习和面对面学习情况下，师生关系可能的变化。结合选项，F项“In terms of the teacher-student relationship, the core principles remain the same.(在师生关系方面，核心原则保持不变)”同样是介绍师生关系，不管学习形式如何变化，但是核心原则不变。引起下文。故选F。 3．分析篇章结构，空处应为本段中心句。根据后文“Generally, students like to meet regularly and talk to people on the same course. owever, this kind of interaction on a distance-learning course is less common.(一般来说，学生们喜欢定期见面，和同一门课的人交谈。然而，这种互动在远程学习课程中并不常见)”介绍面对面学习和远程学习对学生互动的影响。结合选项，E项“For many students, interaction with their peers is one of the best aspects of university education.(对许多学生来说，与同龄人互动是大学教育中最好的方面之一)”总领本段，学生之间的互动性是教育的最好的一方面。引起下文，后文介绍两种学习方式对学生互动的影响。故选E。 4．前文“Face-to-face learning must take place in real time and in one location. (面对面的学习必须在一个地点实时进行)”介绍面对面学习必须在某个地点进行。结合选项，B项“On the contrary, distance learning can happen at any time and in any location, since the learning is not restricted by geography.(相反，远程学习可以发生在任何时间和任何地点，因为学习不受地理限制)”介绍远程学习时，交流是不受地点限制的。与前文形成对照关系。故选B。 Passage 3 (24-25高一上·上海奉贤区·期中) Students’ Journey to Empower Rural Heritage From Aug. 18 to 22 a team of 15 Tsinghua University students, representing diverse backgrounds from China, South Korea, Malaysia, and Indonesia, set foot on an overseas research exploration focusing on rural revitalization(振兴) in Indonesian villages, particularly within Nusa Tenggara Barat(NTB). With the diverse cultural heritage, Indonesia is home to over 83,000 villages, each radiating its own charm and character. 1 The research mission took the students to Sukarara and Sade villages, two of NTB’s tourist destinations. 2 Sukarara and Sade are a world apart from the busy cities to which most of us are accustomed. The villages are a living test to Indonesia’s rich culture and its devotion to preserving traditions. The Revitalizing these villages goes beyond mere economic development. 3 The weaving skills and architectural techniques of Sukarara and Sade villages are not only beautiful, but they are also an inseparable part to the identity of these communities. It’s essential that they strike a balance between progress and preservation. As the journey came to an end, the students carry with them not only the memories of their experiences there, but also the responsibility to make a positive impact on these remarkable places. 4 They are optimistic that Indonesian villages can experience meaningful development, ultimately leading to increased opportunities for employment and an improved quality of life. A．While these villages possess undeniable fascination, many remain underdeveloped. B．This effort includes the knowledge exchange between the students and local villagers C．Both were selected for revitalization efforts led by the Village Revitalization Team. D．In Sukarara, a local tradition requires girls master weaving skills before marriage E．They decide to be a bridge between tradition and progress, united for their growth F．It’s about preserving the cultural heritage and ensuring traditions being passed down 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．F 4．E 【导语】这是一篇新闻稿。文章讲述来自中国、韩国、马来西亚和印度尼西亚的15名清华大学学生组成的团队在印度尼西亚的村庄开始了一场聚焦乡村振兴的海外研究探索之旅。 1．由上文“With the diverse cultural heritage, Indonesia is home to over 83,000 villages, each radiating its own charm and character. (印尼拥有丰富多样的文化遗产，拥有83000多个村庄，每个村庄都散发着自己的魅力和特色。)”可知，在印尼拥有很多有特色的村庄。而A项While these villages possess undeniable fascination, many remain underdeveloped. (尽管这些村庄具有不可否认的魅力，但许多村庄仍处于欠发达状态。)符合语境，有承上作用，其中these villages与上文83,000 villages对应，fascination与上文charm对应。故选A项。 2．由上文“The research mission took the students to Sukarara and Sade villages, two of NTB’s tourist destinations. (研究团将学生们带到了NTB的两个旅游目的地Sukarara和Sade村。)”可知，学生们去了Sukarara和Sade村，而C项Both were selected for revitalization efforts led by the Village Revitalization Team. (两个村都被选中参加由乡村振兴工作队领导的振兴工作。)符合语境，有承上作用，其中Both指代上文Sukarara and Sade villages。故选C项。 3．由上文“The villages are a living test to Indonesia’s rich culture and its devotion to preserving traditions. The Revitalizing these villages goes beyond mere economic development. (这些村庄是对印尼丰富文化和保护传统的一次活生生的考验。振兴这些村庄不仅仅是经济发展。)”可知，振兴这些村庄不仅仅是经济发展，而F项It’s about preserving the cultural heritage and ensuring traditions being passed down (这是关于保护文化遗产和确保传统传承)符合语境，有承上启下作用。其中It指代上文The Revitalizing these villages，而traditions与下文The weaving skills and architectural techniques对应。故选F项。 4．由上文“As the journey came to an end, the students carry with them not only the memories of their experiences there, but also the responsibility to make a positive impact on these remarkable places. (随着旅程的结束，学生们不仅带着他们在那里经历的记忆，还肩负着对这些非凡地方产生积极影响的责任。)”可知，学生们肩负着对这些非凡地方产生积极影响的责任。而E项They decide to be a bridge between tradition and progress, united for their growth (他们决定成为传统与进步之间的桥梁，为它们的成长而团结一致)符合语境，有承上作用，其中They代指前文the students。故选E项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海闵行六校联考·期中) At my family’s cabin on a Minnesota lake, I knew woods so dark that my hands disappeared before my eyes. I knew night skies in which shooting stars left smoky trails across sugary spreads of stars. Today, though, when we feel the closeness of nightfall, we reach quickly for a light switch. And too little darkness, meaning too much artificial light at night, spells trouble for all. 1 Our bodies need darkness to produce the hormone melatonin (褪黑素), which keeps certain cancers from developing, and our bodies need darkness for sleep. Sleep disorders have been linked to diabetes, obesity, depression and other diseases. In today’s crowded, louder, more fast-paced world, night’s darkness can provide solitude, quiet and stillness, qualities that are in increasingly short supply. Every religious tradition has considered darkness invaluable for a soulful life, and the chance to witness the universe has inspired artists, philosophers and everyday stargazers since time began. 2 Who knows what this vision of the night sky might inspire in each of us, in our children or grandchildren? Yet all over the world, our nights are growing brighter. Computer images of the United States at night, based on NASA photographs, show that what was a very dark country in the 1950s is now nearly covered with a blanket of light. 3 Light pollution is readily within our ability to solve, using new lighting technologies and cutting existing lights. Already, many cities and towns across North America and Europe are changing to LED streetlights. Other communities are finding success with simply turning off portions of their public lighting after midnight. 4 But we will never truly address the problem of light pollution until we become aware of the irreplaceable value and beauty of the darkness we are losing. A．Though primarily designed to save energy, such reductions in light will also go far in addressing light pollution. B．The world depends on darkness, including animals who’s active at night or daybreak. C．Already the World Health Organization classifies working the night shift as a probable reason for disease. D．Those of us over 35 are perhaps among the last generation to have known truly dark nights. E．In a world filled with electric light, how would Van Gogh have given the world his “Starry Night”? F．However, it doesn’t have to be this way. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．F 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇散文。文章通过个人经历和对夜晚黑暗逐渐消失的反思，探讨了光污染问题及其对人类生活、健康和自然环境的影响。 1．空处为段首句。根据下文内容“Our bodies need darkness to produce the hormone melatonin (褪黑素), which keeps certain cancers from developing, and our bodies need darkness for sleep. Sleep disorders have been linked to diabetes, obesity, depression and other diseases.(我们的身体需要黑暗来产生褪黑素这种荷尔蒙，这种荷尔蒙可以阻止某些癌症的发展，而且我们的身体也需要黑暗来睡觉。睡眠障碍与糖尿病、肥胖、抑郁症和其他疾病有关联。)”可知，下文讲述了缺少黑暗对身体的影响。选项C“Already the World Health Organization classifies working the night shift as a probable reason for disease.(世界卫生组织已经将上夜班列为可能导致疾病的一个原因。)”引出下文内容，指出上夜班会让我们因为缺少黑暗而出现身体上的问题，导致疾病。故选C。 2．根据空前内容“Every religious tradition has considered darkness invaluable for a soulful life, and the chance to witness the universe has inspired artists, philosophers and everyday stargazers since time began.(每一种宗教传统都认为黑暗对于灵魂生活来说是无价的，自从有记载以来，见证宇宙的机会就一直激励着艺术家、哲学家和日常的观星者。)”可知，黑暗激励着艺术家、哲学家和日常的观星者。选项E“In a world filled with electric light, how would Van Gogh have given the world his “Starry Night”?(在一个充满电灯的世界里，梵高会如何给世界呈现他的《星夜》？)”中提到了艺术家梵高和他的《星夜》，与前面提到的艺术家相呼应。故选E。 3．根据上文“Yet all over the world, our nights are growing brighter. Computer images of the United States at night, based on NASA photographs, show that what was a very dark country in the 1950s is now nearly covered with a blanket of light.(然而，全世界的夜晚都在变得越来越明亮。根据NASA的照片制作的美国夜间计算机图像显示，美国在20世纪50年代还是一个非常黑暗的国家，现在却几乎被一片光毯所覆盖。)”可知，全世界的夜晚都在变得越来越明亮。而空后“Light pollution is readily within our ability to solve, using new lighting technologies and cutting existing lights.(光污染是我们有能力轻易解决的，方法是使用新的照明技术和削减现有的灯光。)”与上文形成转折，指出虽然光污染很严重，但是这是我们可以解决的。选项F“However, it doesn’t have to be this way.(然而，事情不必是这样的。)”承上启下，延续上文指出的光污染很严重，引出下文我们可以解决。故选F。 4．根据上文内容“Already, many cities and towns across North America and Europe are changing to LED streetlights. Other communities are finding success with simply turning off portions of their public lighting after midnight.(目前，北美和欧洲许多城市和小镇已经更换成了LED路灯。其他社区则通过午夜后关闭部分公共照明取得了成功。)”可知，北美和欧洲许多地方都使用新的照明技术以削减现有的灯光。选项A“Though primarily designed to save energy, such reductions in light will also go far in addressing light pollution.(虽然主要是为了节约能源，但减少照明也将大大有助于解决光污染问题。)”延续上文内容，指出使用新的照明技术可以节约能源也能帮助解决光污染问题。故选A。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海北蔡高级中学·期中) In 1969, when Neil Armstrong first landed on the Moon, many people thought soon we would be regularly visiting other planets. This is clearly not the case. The reality is that space exploration is extremely difficult and dangerous. Some people believe it is a waste of the public purse and does nothing to improve our lives. Why do we continue to explore space, then? 1 From the very early days of human life on the Earth, our curiosity about the unknown has kept us adventuring into new places. While space exploration is a reality, we remain curious about the mysteries of the universe. With each space mission comes greater insight, thus motivating us to continue along the same path of adventure. With technologies developed for space exploration, we can solve some big problems facing mankind, making our lives safer and easier. 2 Originally applied to the space shuttle launch, they have also been set up in the cities with a high frequency of earthquakes to protect buildings and save lives. Although space exploration demands huge investment, it can actually bring great economic value. The global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year. 3 Jobs in the space industry go far beyond the astronauts. There are many support staff on the ground, such as engineers and research assistants. Moreover, the amazing work can provide education and inspiration for the next generation. Such wonders as a space shuttle launch or astronauts walking on the Moon are incredibly inspiring to witness. These moments shape children’s lives forever and motivate them to become the scientists and engineers of the future. 4 A．It is in our nature to explore. B．One of these is earthquake shock absorbers. C．The universe is too mysterious to explore. D．It can also provide a variety of career opportunities. E．These scientific and technological advances can benefit societies in many areas. F．When you’ve seen a man walk on the Moon, you grow up believing anything is possible! 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文，分别从人类天性、科技发展、经济价值等方面讲述了尽管探索太空充满危机，但我们仍要探索太空的原因。 1．根据下文“From the very early days of human life on the Earth, our curiosity about the unknown has kept us adventuring into new places.(从人类出现在地球上的早期开始，我们对未知的好奇心就一直促使我们不断探索新的领域)”可知，人类对未知的探索是与生俱来的。A项 “探索是我们的天性”符合题意。故选A。 2．根据上文“With technologies developed for space exploration, we can solve some big problems facing mankind, making our lives safer and easier.(随着太空探索技术的发展，我们可以解决人类面临的一些大问题，使我们的生活更安全、更容易)”和下文“Originally applied to the space shuttle launch, they have also been set up in the cities with a high frequency of earthquakes to protect buildings and save lives.(它们最初用于航天飞船发射，现在也被设置在地震频率高的城市，以保护建筑物和挽救生命)”可知，上文提到太空探索技术的发展也可以帮助解决人类面临的重大问题，而下文介绍了用于地震频发城市的一项技术，由此推知空处举例介绍一种用于地震的太空探索技术。B项 “其中之一是地震减震器”符合题意，earthquake是关键词，下文的they指代选项中的earthquake shock absorbers。故选B。 3．根据上文“Although space exploration demands huge investment, it can actually bring great economic value. The global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year. (虽然太空探索需要巨大的投资，但它实际上可以带来巨大的经济价值。全球太空经济每年以数十亿美元的速度增长)”和下文“Jobs in the space industry go far beyond the astronauts. (太空工业的工作远不止宇航员)”可知，上文提到了太空探索带来的经济效益，而下文则提到了工作，由此推知空处陈述太空探索还带来了工作机会。D项“它也可以提供各种各样的工作机会”符合题意，also表明上下文的并列关系，选项中的It 指代上文的space exploration。故选D。 4．空处位于段末，应起总结作用。根据上文“Moreover, the amazing work can provide education and inspiration for the next generation. Such wonders as a space shuttle launch or astronauts walking on the Moon are incredibly inspiring to witness. These moments shape children’s lives forever and motivate them to become the scientists and engineers of the future. (此外，这些令人惊叹的工作可以为下一代提供教育和灵感。像航天飞机发射或宇航员在月球上行走这样的奇迹是令人难以置信的鼓舞人心的见证。这些时刻一直塑造着孩子们的生活，激励他们成为未来的科学家和工程师)”可知，航天飞机发射和在月球上行走塑造了孩子们的生活，激励他们成为未来的科学家和工程师，这是对未来的展望，F项 “当你看到一个人在月球上行走，你就会相信一切皆有可能!”符合题意，与上文承接自然，选项中的walk on the moon呼应上文的astronauts walking on the Moon。故选F。 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海松江云间中学·期中) My mother is a diligent and kind woman. She is very busy from morning till night. As a teacher, she works hard. 1 Both my brother and I love her dearly as she loves us. My mother has been teaching math at a middle school in my hometown. She goes to work early in the morning and does not return home until late in the afternoon. She loves her students and cares for them. She treats them with patience and teaches them well. For her excellent quality and very good teaching results, she has been elected as a model teacher several times. 2 Every day, when she comes back home from work, she sets about doing housework, sweeping the living room and bedrooms or cleaning the furniture, and putting everything in good order. She seems to be busy all the time. As she has been very busy working every day, she looks older than her age. But she looks as cheerful and happy as ever. Mother never buys expensive dresses for herself, but she often buys some inexpensive but high quality clothes for us. 3 She just eats a plain meal outside when she is too busy to cook herself. She lives a busy yet simple life, without any complaints. Often she says to us, "work while you work, and play while you play. That is the way to be happy and content. If you do not work, you will become lazy and be of no use to society". What a piece of good advice this is! 4 This advice of hers will always serve as a guide to my behavior. My mother is great indeed, and I always feel proud of her. A．As a mother, she takes good care of us and gives us every comfort. B．My mother is hard-working and never wastes money. C．Can you tell us something about your mother? D．She enjoys listening to classic music. E．She never goes to expensive restaurants to enjoy meals. F．I never forget it and always bear it in my mind. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．E 4．F 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者妈妈是一名家乡中学的数学教师，她勤奋、善良，从早到晚都很忙，兢兢业业，她爱她的学生和我们，我们也非常爱妈妈，她是一位伟大的母亲。 1．由上文“As a teacher, she works hard.(作为一名教师，她工作努力)”说明接下来是“作为一位母亲”，A项的“As a mother”与“As a teacher”相对应， B. As a mother, she takes good care of us and gives us every comfort.（作为一个母亲，她很好地照顾我们，给我们每一个安慰。）符合语境。故选A。 2．由下文“Every day, when she comes back home from work, she sets about doing housework, sweeping the living room and bedrooms or cleaning the furniture, and putting everything in good order.(每天下班回家，她就着手做家务，打扫客厅和卧室，或清洁家具，把一切都收拾得井井有条)此处说明妈妈是辛勤劳作（hard-working），以及“Mother never buys expensive dresses for herself, but she often buys some inexpensive but high quality clothes for us.(妈妈从不给自己买昂贵的衣服，但她经常给我们买一些物美价廉的衣服)”说明妈妈是不会浪费钱的（never wastes money），B. My mother is hard-working and never wastes money.（我妈妈很勤劳，从不浪费钱。），符合语境。故选B。 3．由下文“She just eats a plain meal outside when she is too busy to cook herself.(她忙得没空做饭的时候，就在外面吃顿便饭)”说明此句应该提及“妈妈吃饭没有什么讲究”，E项never goes to expensive restaurants与a plain meal outside相对应。E. She never goes to expensive restaurants to enjoy meals.（她从不去昂贵的餐馆吃饭）符合语境。故选E。 4．由下文“This advice of hers will always serve as a guide to my behavior.(她的这个忠告将永远作为我行为的指导)”说明我从来没有忘记它，总是铭记在我的脑海里。F. I never forget it and always bear it in my mind.（我从来没有忘记它，并一直把它记在心里）符合语境。故选F。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海育才中学·期中) Suffering from chronic fatigue (慢性疲劳)? Read on to know how to deal with it. Let your brain waves relax before sleep. If you want to feel energized in the morning, you need to change your evening and bedtime routines. 1 Besides, stay away from your phone, laptop, TV and any device that gives off the blue light. Never skip your meals. No matter how busy or depressed you are, never ever skip your meals. Have a wholesome breakfast, a light lunch, healthy snacks and a delicious dinner every single day. 2 Take a nap: If you are suffering from chronic fatigue and you have trouble surviving the afternoon, taking a short nap(15-20 minutes) is a healthy way. Ask your co-workers not to disturb you for 15 minutes. Or let your boss know that you need to take a short nap every afternoon due to health issues. Give tea a try. 3 However, since it has poor energy-boosting properties, it is time to try something new. Earl Grey tea or black tea is a better option when it comes to energy-boosting drinks. 4 Taking a cold shower in the morning is an excellent way to wake yourself up and give yourself plenty of energy. However, if you have a weak immune system, this method is not for you. Drinking a glass of cold water as soon as you wake up is a safer way to pump up your energy levels. A．Increase your body’s oxygen B．Choose ice water instead of a cold shower. C．Coffee has always been a favorite morning drink for many people. D．If your body doesn’t get enough nutrients, chronic fatigue is unavoidable. E．Do not overload your brain with unnecessary stuff and avoid negative talks. F．Taking a deep breath and muscle-tensing exercise helps you enter a state of relaxation. 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文为说明文。主要介绍了消除慢性疲劳增强活力的方法。 1．根据本段的主题句“Let your brain waves relax before sleep.(睡觉前让你的脑电波放松)”及空后的“Besides, stay away from your phone, laptop, TV and any device that gives off the blue light.(此外，远离手机、笔记本电脑、电视机和任何能发出蓝光的设备)”可知，不要让不必要的东西在睡觉前出现。故E项“不要用不必要的东西让你的大脑过度负担，避免消极的谈话”符合题意。故选E。 2．根据本段的主题句“Never skip your meals(绝对不能不吃饭)”以及空前的“Have a wholesome breakfast, a light lunch, healthy snacks and a delicious dinner every single day.(每天吃一顿健康的早餐，一份清淡的健康的午餐和一顿美味的晚餐)”可知，身体每天要得到足够的营养。故D项“如果你的身体没有得到足够的营养，慢性疲劳是不可避免的”符合题意。故选D。 3．根据该段的主题句“Give tea a try.(尝试喝茶)”及空格后的“However, since it has poor energy-boosting properties, it is time to try something new. Earl Grey tea or black tea is a better option when it comes to energy-boosting drinks.(然而，由于它的能量提升性能很差，是时候尝试一些新的东西了。说到补充能量的饮料，伯爵茶或红茶是更好的选择)”可知，However表示转折，说明本句是在列举其他受欢迎的饮品，后文指出其缺点，故C项“咖啡一直是许多人早晨最喜欢的饮料”符合题意。故选C。 4．根据后文“Taking a cold shower in the morning is an excellent way to wake yourself up and give yourself plenty of energy. However, if you have a weak immune system, this method is not for you. Drinking a glass of cold water as soon as you wake up is a safer way to pump up your energy levels.(早上洗个冷水澡是唤醒自己的好方法！给自己充足的精力。然而，如果你的免疫系统较弱，这种方法不适合你。一醒来就喝一杯凉开水是一种更安全的补充能量的方法)”可知，后文提到早晨洗个冷水澡不适应于免疫系统弱的人，推荐喝凉开水给自己充足的能量。故B项“选择凉开水而不是冷水澡”可以作为本段主旨句。故选B。 Passage 3 (24-25高一上·上海复旦附中·期中) It has been seen that language is much more than the external expression and communication of internal thoughts formulated independently of their verbalization. In demonstrating the inadequacy and inappropriateness of such a view of language, attention has already been drawn to the ways in which one’s native language is intimately and in all sorts of details related to the rest of one’s life in a community and to smaller groups within that community. 1 ; it is a universal fact about language. Anthropologists speak of the relations between language and culture. 2 Culture is here being used, as it is throughout this article, in the anthropological sense, to refer to all aspects of human life insofar as they are determined or conditioned by membership in a society. The fact that people eat or drink is not in itself cultural; it is a biological necessity for the preservation of life. That they eat particular foods and refrain from eating other substances, though they may be perfectly edible and nourishing, and that they eat and drink at particular times of day and in certain places are matters of culture, something “acquired by man as a member of society,” according to the classic definition of culture by the English anthropologist Sir. Edward Burnett Tylor. As thus defined and envisaged, culture covers a very wide area of human life and behavior. 3 Although the faculty of language acquisition and language use is innate and inherited, and there is legitimate debate over the extent of this innateness, every individual’s language is “acquired by man as a member of society,” along with and at the same time as other aspects of that society’s culture in which people are brought up. 4 Language can have developed only in a social setting, however this may have been structured, and human society in any form even remotely resembling what is known today or is recorded in history could be maintained only among people utilizing and understanding a language in common use. A．Society and language are mutually indispensable B．Language is a part of culture, but culture is a complex totality containing many different features C．Language is manifestly a part, probably the most important part, of it D．This is true of all peoples and all languages E．A language can become or be made a focus of the culture for a community F．It is indeed more in accordance with reality to consider language as a part of culture 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文论述了语言与文化的关系，语言是社会文化的一部分，语言和文化是相互依存的关系。 1．上文“In demonstrating the inadequacy and inappropriateness of such a view of language, attention has already been drawn to the ways in which one’s native language is intimately and in all sorts of details related to the rest of one’s life in a community and to smaller groups within that community. (在证明这种语言观的不足和不恰当时，人们已经注意到，一个人的母语与他在社区中的其他生活和社区内较小群体生活的各种细节密切相关。)”说明一个人的母语与他在社区中的其他生活和社区内较小群体生活的各种细节密切相关，空处承接上文，进一步说明语言与文化的关系。D选项“这适用于所有人和所有语言”符合语境，说明所有人和所有语言都是如此，语言与文化密切相关。故选D。 2．上文“Anthropologists speak of the relations between language and culture. (人类学家谈到语言和文化之间的关系。)”引出语言和文化的关系话题，以及下文“Culture is here being used, as it is throughout this article, in the anthropological sense, to refer to all aspects of human life insofar as they are determined or conditioned by membership in a society. (这里所使用的文化，正如在整篇文章中一样，是从人类学意义上来说的，指的是人类生活的各个方面，只要它们是由社会成员身份所决定或制约的。)”是对文化含义的进一步阐释，空处应起到承上启下作用，表明语言与文化的具体关联，F选项“把语言视为文化的一部分确实更符合现实”既承接了前文提到的二者关系，又引出后文对文化的进一步说明，符合语境。故选F。 3．上文“Culture is here being used, as it is throughout this article, in the anthropological sense, to refer to all aspects of human life insofar as they are determined or conditioned by membership in a society. The fact that people eat or drink is not in itself cultural; it is a biological necessity for the preservation of life. That they eat particular foods and refrain from eating other substances, though they may be perfectly edible and nourishing, and that they eat and drink at particular times of day and in certain places are matters of culture,something “acquired by man as a member of society,” according to the classic definition of culture by the English anthropologist Sir. Edward Burnett Tylor. As thus defined and envisaged, culture covers a very wide area of human life and behavior. (这里所使用的文化，正如在整篇文章中一样，是从人类学意义上来说的，指的是人类生活的所有方面，只要这些方面是由社会成员身份决定或制约的。人们吃喝的事实本身并不是文化；它是维持生命的生物必要性。根据英国人类学家爱德华·伯内特·泰勒爵士对文化的经典定义，他们吃特定的食物，不吃其他物质，尽管它们可能完全可食用且有营养，在一天中的特定时间和在特定地点吃喝，这些都是文化问题，“是人类作为社会成员所获得的”，文化就是这样定义和设想的，它涵盖了人类生活和行为的非常广泛的领域。)”说明文化涵盖的领域非常广泛，空处承接上文，指出语言与文化的关系。C选项“语言显然是它的一部分，可能是最重要的一部分”中的“it”指代前文提到的 “culture”，进一步强调语言在文化中的地位，符合语境。故选C。 4．下文“Language can have developed only in a social setting, however this may have been structured, and human society in any form even remotely resembling what is known today or is recorded in history could be maintained only among people utilizing and understanding a language in common use. (语言只能在社会环境中发展，无论这种社会环境是如何构成的，而任何一种即使与今天所知或历史上所记载的略有相似的人类社会，也只能在共同使用和理解一种语言的人们中维持。)”说明语言只能在社会环境中发展。A选项“社会和语言是相互不可或缺的”总结了语言和社会相互依存的关系，符合语境。故选A。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海顾村中学·期中) Trending City Walks Bring People Closer to Real Vibe of Life Recently, the “city walk” trend has been gaining steam among residents and tourists around China. On trend bible Xiaohongshu, data shows that the number of city walk-related topic posts has increased by 700 percent over the past three months, and the total number of interactions has increased by more than 600 percent. A city walk is a form of urban tourism originating in the UK. It referred to guided tours where participants followed a planned route under the guidance of tour guides, with a strong emphasis on delving deep into the city’s history, culture and landscapes among other aspects. 1 For the former, by participating in a city walk, they can gain insight into the city’s history, culture, and style, which allows them to connect personally with the city and experience its bustling life. For the latter two, they may spend weekends gaining a deeper understanding of their place of residence, reconnecting with that which they are familiar. Seasoned city walkers share their recommended routes and snack spots on social media and quickly rack up thousands of fans. Districts and streets with a great historical or cultural atmosphere in major cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Chengdu have become popular city walk routes. The appeal of a city walk lies in three aspects. First, the young generation gradually changes their attitude toward life, pursuing quality leisure time while being occupied with demanding workloads and limited time for exploration. 1 They may not witness the beautiful views they would in the countryside, but they do get an endless procession of exciting faces. Second, walking regularly is good for mental and physical health. Research shows that it significantly lowers your chances of developing vascular dementia, boosting your immune system and making for a healthier heart. While strolling along the road, you can entirely focus on yourself and listen to your inner voice and care for what you feel, which is a way to love yourself and benefit your psychological. well-being. Oscar Wilde once said, “To love oneself is the beginning of a lifelong romance.” 2 Last, city walkers are a cast of people who possess intense curiosity. They are keen to connect with the city in which they are stopping or reside in their own way. By “roaming” on foot, city walkers are better able to feel the texture and listen to the breath of a place. 3 For example, in Southwest China’s Chongqing Municipality, if you don’t take a walk, you can hardly experience the unique geographical charm of the mountainous city. Be it the hutong in Beijing or the Chinese parasol tree district in Shanghai; city walks allow people to see the scenery apart from the scene and uncover hidden knowledge. A．The streets and buildings may stay the same, but the people they meet change. B．They seek pleasure more through connection than consumption, which signifies a deep cultural curiosity. C．City walkers may be tourists from afar or migrant workers and locals. D．However, the tourist industry may misuse it as a profitable symbol and decrease its creativity and uniqueness. E．However, don’t do it just because it’s good for you, do it because it’s fun. F．City walks are becoming increasingly accepted and acknowledged by more and more people. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．E 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，最近城市漫步非常受欢迎，它让人们更接近真实的生活氛围，文章介绍了城市漫步吸引人们的三个原因。 1．空处是段落主题句，根据下文“For the former, by participating in a city walk, they can gain insight into the city’s history, culture, and style, which allows them to connect personally with the city and experience its bustling life. For the latter two, they may spend weekends gaining a deeper understanding of their place of residence, reconnecting with that which they are familiar.(对于前者，通过参与城市步行，他们可以深入了解城市的历史、文化和风格，让他们与城市建立个人联系，体验城市的繁华生活。对于后两种人来说，他们可能会利用周末来加深对居住地的了解，重新与他们熟悉的地方建立联系)”可知，本段提到了城市漫步的三种人，空处需引出参与城市漫步的人的类型，C项“城市步行者可能是远道而来的游客，也可能是外来务工人员和当地人”符合语境，故选C。 2．根据下文“They may not witness the beautiful views they would in the countryside, but they do get an endless procession of exciting faces.(他们可能看不到乡村的美景，但他们确实能看到无数令人兴奋的面孔)”可知，此处是说城市漫步可以遇到不同的人，A项“街道和建筑物可能保持不变，但他们遇到的人会改变”符合语境，故选A。 3．根据本段首句“Second, walking regularly is good for mental and physical health.(第二，经常散步对身心健康都有好处)”及上文“Oscar Wilde once said, “To love oneself is the beginning of a lifelong romance.”(奥斯卡·王尔德曾经说过：“爱自己是一生浪漫的开始。”)”可知，本段主要讲城市漫步对身心健康有好处，说明爱自己是一生浪漫的开始，空处承接上文，进一步说明要爱自己，E项“然而，不要仅仅因为它对你有好处就去做，还因为它很有趣才去做这件事”与本段主题一致，故选E。 4．根据上文“Last, city walkers are a cast of people who possess intense curiosity. They are keen to connect with the city in which they are stopping or reside in their own way.(最后，城市漫步者是一群拥有强烈好奇心的人。他们热衷于以自己的方式与他们停留或居住的城市建立联系)”可知，本段提到城市漫步者的好奇心以及与该城市建立联系，B项“他们更多地通过联系而不是消费来寻求快乐，这表明他们对文化有着深刻的好奇心”与本段主题一致，故选B。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海上海中学·期中) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. It’s time to re-evaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get ou where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals. Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling, “very tired” or “exhausted,” according to a recent study. 1 It’s also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying “no.” Women want to be able to do it all -- volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals -- and so their answer to any request is often “Yes, I can.” Women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. 2 . At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don’t want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. 3 Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what’s the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem -- even if that means doing the boring work themselves. This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor in who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. 4 Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, It may highlight your inability to delegate effectively. A．Unfortunately, this inability to say “no” may be hurting women’s health as well as their career. B．Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely -- including staff expertise. C．For example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over who should be the one to fix it. D．Men and women tend to behave differently when faced with a dispute E．This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children . F．The reason why women in this age range suffer so much is that they cannot say “no.” 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．C 4．B 【分析】这是一篇说明文。根据最近的一项研究，18-44岁的女性中感到“非常累”或“筋疲力尽”的人数几乎是男性的两倍。女性感到疲惫的一个原因是她们很难说“不”，包括生活和工作中。文章继续说明了在工作场所中男性和女性处理冲突方式的不同，指出处理冲突的这种差异要求领导者必须能够明智地分配和管理资源。 1．根据下文It’s also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home.（这个年龄段也是许多女性试图平衡事业和家庭的年龄。）中the age range可对应到E选项中this is the age range when women have children。表示“考虑到这是女性生育孩子的年龄范围，这可能不足为奇。”符合上下文语境。故选E。 2．结合上文Women struggle to say“no”in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues.（出于类似的原因，女性在职场中也很难说“不”，包括想要被同事喜欢。）中say“no”可对应到A选项中this inability to say“no”，且表示“不幸的是，这种不能说“不”的能力可能会损害女性的健康和事业。”符合上下文语境。故选A。 3．结合下文Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what’s the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem -- even if that means doing the boring work themselves.（男人更倾向于从什么对他们最有利的角度来面对争端，而女人则可能从什么是解决问题最简单、最快捷的方法来面对同样的争端——即使那意味着自己要做那些无聊的工作。）可推知是在说明面对一个解决问题的争端，男人和女人的不同反应。故C选项“例如，有一个问题需要立即解决，导致了关于谁应该解决它的争论。”符合上下文语境。故选C。 4．结合下文Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, It may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.（承担更多的工作量可能不会让你得到晋升。相反，它可能会突出你无法有效地委派工作。）可推知面对任务的分配，一个领导必须能够做出明智的决定，否则承担更多的工作量可能不会让你得到晋升。相反，它可能会突出你无法有效地委派工作。故B选项“领导者必须能够明智地分配和管理资源——包括员工的专业技能。”符合上下文语境。故选B。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海横沙中学·期中) U.N. Report Warns Nature Crisis A new U.N. report focuses on the negative effects of human activity on nature. It says one million plant and animal species on land, in the seas and in the sky are now in danger of extinction. 1 It draws on the work of 450 scientists from dozens of countries. The Earth has always suffered from human activity, it says. However, these scratches (划伤) have become deep scars (伤疤) over the past 50 years. Species are going extinct several hundred times faster than the average rate during the past ten million years. It’s something that has never happened before in human history. 2 Since 1970, the human population has doubled. The global economy has grown by four times. To feed, clothe and give energy to this fast-changing world, lots of forests have been cut down. Between 1980 and 2000, one million square kilometers of tropical (热带的) forest were lost. Furthermore, hunting, overfishing and pollution have also been killing species in great numbers. The problem can be fixed, the report says. 3 The amount of land and sea that is under protection needs to increase rapidly. The report suggests governments move away from using GDP as a key measure of development. Long-term effects must be considered, too. Professor Eduardo Brondizio of Indiana University is an author of the report. He says, “We all know what needs to be done. The knowledge is there. 4 ” A．However, this requires considerable changes. B．Over 120 wildlife species are facing extinction. C．The 1,800-page report took three years to finish. D．The report listed several causes for the situation. E．There just needs to be a greater will to take action. F．The report also finds that global goals for protecting nature cannot be met. 【答案】1．F 2．D 3．A 4．E 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了一份新的聚焦于人类活动对自然的负面影响的联合国报告：海陆空的100万种植物和动物因为人类活动而正面临灭绝的危险，问题可以解决，但是要真正付之于行动。 1．上文“It says one million plant and animal species on land, in the seas and in the sky are now in danger of extinction.(报告称，陆地、海洋和天空中的100万种植物和动物正面临灭绝的危险)”，F项“The report also finds that global goals for protecting nature cannot be met.(报告还发现，保护自然的全球目标无法实现)”，根据句中的also可知，上文与F项为并列关系，顺接自然；下文“It draws on the work of 450 scientists from dozens of countries.(它借鉴了来自几十个国家的450名科学家的研究成果)”，此句中的it指代F项的发现结果，来自几十个国家的研究表明：保护自然的全球目标无法实现。上下文语意连贯。故选F项。 2．设空处在段首，为本段中心句。下文“Since 1970, the human population has doubled. The global economy has grown by four times. To feed, clothe and give energy to this fast-changing world, lots of forests have been cut down. Between 1980 and 2000, one million square kilometers of tropical (热带的) forest were lost. Furthermore, hunting, overfishing and pollution have also been killing species in great numbers.(自1970年以来，人口已经翻了一番。全球经济增长了四倍。为了给这个快速变化的世界提供食物、衣服和能量，大量的森林被砍伐。在1980年至2000年之间，我们失去了一百万平方公里的热带森林。此外，狩猎、过度捕捞和污染也导致物种大量死亡)”列出了造成自然危机的原因。D项“The report listed several causes for the situation.(报告列出了造成这种情况的几个原因)”符合作本段的中心句。故选D项。 3．上文“The problem can be fixed, the report says.(报告说，这个问题可以解决)”，A项“However, this requires considerable changes.(然而，这需要相当大的改变)”语意衔接连贯顺畅。下文“The amount of land and sea that is under protection needs to increase rapidly. The report suggests governments move away from using GDP as a key measure of development. Long-term effects must be considered, too.(受保护的陆地和海洋的数量需要迅速增加。报告还建议各国政府不应再把GDP作为衡量发展的关键指标。长期影响也必须加以考虑)”列举了三个需要改进的方面，呼应了A项内容。故选A项。 4．上文“We all know what needs to be done. The knowledge is there.(我们都知道需要做什么。大家都知道)”，E项“There just needs to be a greater will to take action.(只是需要更大的意志去采取行动)”可理解为，说起来容易做起来难，保护自然生态不能仅仅停留在知道这个状况的层面，需要真正付之于行动。故选E项。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海位育中学·期中) A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference.   1 Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways. The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters. After a while, it collects in the sea. And plastic never goes away. Plastic is not biodegradable — destroyed by bacteria or natural processes. Instead, it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time. The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants. 2 . That means harmful materials may get into our food supply. 3 . Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it. They can use fewer single use product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic recycling programs also works — where old bottles and other plastics are collected, broken down and used to make new products. We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to, rather than end it after the first use. We could, when we get rid of that plastic, recycle and reuse it, which replaces the need for raw materials. The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics. 4 And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use. By putting a new value on plastic, industry has a special reason to clean up the environment. But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem. A．But people can make a big difference. B．Plastics should be gathered together and reused. C．Then, fish may eat the plastics. D．It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life. E．It asks for them to better measure and direct plastic use. F．The report tells about harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation. 【答案】1．F 2．C 3．A 4．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文叙述了塑料是如何进入海洋并危害海洋生物和人类的，呼吁人们和公司采取措施来保护我们的环境。 1．由上文“A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference. (一份新报告称，塑料对海洋和海底环境造成了130亿美元的损害。这些发现最近在联合国的一次会议上公布)”可知，F选项“报告讲述了塑料对海洋生物的危害以及可能采取的措施来改善这种状况。”切题，承接上文，进一步阐释该报告的内容。故选F项。 2．由上文“The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants. (海洋中含有许多化学物质和其他污染物)”和下文“That means harmful materials may get into our food supply. (这意味着有害物质可能进入我们的食物供应)”可知，该空叙述海洋污染和人类食物污染之间的关系，即我们的食物来源鱼类有可能吃到塑料，承接下文，C选项“然后，鱼可能会吃掉塑料。”切题。故选C项。 3．由下文“Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it. They can use fewer single use product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic recycling programs also works — where old bottles and other plastics are collected, broken down and used to make new products.(人类造成了污染，他们可以采取措施阻止污染。他们可以使用更少的一次性产品容器，并正确地丢弃塑料。塑料回收项目也起作用——旧瓶子和其他塑料被收集、分解并用来制造新产品)”可知，A选项“但是人们可以做出很大的改变。”总领该段并与上文形成转折，承接下文讲人类应该如何做才能减少塑料对海洋及海洋环境的污染。故选A项。 4．由上文“The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics. (报告还呼吁企业改进塑料的使用方法)”和下文“And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use. By putting a new value on plastic, industry has a special reason to clean up the environment. But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem. (它还呼吁人们了解塑料被扔出或停止使用的方式。通过赋予塑料新的价值，工业有一个特殊的理由来清洁环境。但所有的公司都必须加入进来解决这个问题)”可知，本段重在阐释该报告对各个公司在合理使用塑料方面的要求，承接上下文，E选项“它要求他们更好地测量和指导塑料的使用。”中的“It”和“them”分别指代上文的“The report”和“companies”。故选E项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $