专题04 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，上海专用）高一英语上学期

专题04 阅读理解之说明文 一、主题01人与自我（基础） Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海建平中学·期中)Moving hospitals out of paper records and into digital connectivity has been tougher than anyone but hard-core skeptics (怀疑论者) thought seven years ago, when the federal government began pouring billions of dollars into a push to make electronic medical records the universal standard. Computerization of health care data would quickly get patients’ health information where it needs to go, improving care and cutting costs. That was the idea — but the path to it has been rocky. Overall, progress has been blocked, among other obstacles, by reluctance to share information with competitors, software from different suppliers that can’t communicate, physicians who have pushed back at hospitals where they had to struggle with unaccustomed computerized routines and the expense, often exceeding $1 billion in large hospital systems, of retooling outdated computers. As things now stand, medical records are often incomplete and vital patient information is frequently hiding on health care islands — parked at one large health system but inaccessible to a hospital outside the system where that same patient may have just arrived in the Emergency Room. Or records aren’t sent to primary care providers, leaving them in the dark about the course of a patient’s treatments. Amid continued concerns that digitized patient data still isn’t getting to the point of care, and facing pressure from providers and lawmakers who argue that hospitals and other health organizations are being forced to do too much too fast despite the perception that they should be well down the road, the Department of Health and Human Services recently issued final rules on an advanced set of requirements to make electronic health information more readily available to clinicians. The new standards are promised to be simpler and more flexible, responding to complaints from hospitals and physicians. The big picture of hospital connectivity in the U. S. today is “deeply negative,” says Eric Topol, author of “The Patient Will See You Now”. “There’s been tremendous resources put into this and little to show for it,” he says. “We have a country characterized by information-blocking, where there is a lack of connectivity from one health system to another, and patients are the victims because of all this Tower of Babel.” Topol points out that countries from Australia to Estonia have broken down barriers to information sharing and given patients greater ownership of their health care by putting their data into their own hands. He believes this model should replace the current “paternalistic (家长式作风的)” system where the control of patient information remains firmly with hospitals and other health providers. Many places around the world have instead adopted the patients-own-their-data model, Topol says. “Then you don’t worry so much about blocking, because the patient has the goods.” 1．Why did federal government decide to make electronic medical records? A．To satisfy demands from hard-core skeptics. B．To improve the efficiency of health care service. C．To be greener by abandoning paper records. D．To erase the competitions among different hospitals. 2．The path to electronic medical records was blocked by _______. A．a lack of universal standard B．the absence of qualified software supplies C．doctors’ reluctance to use computer D．large cost of updating computers 3．What made the Department of Health and Human Services issue the final rule? A．The perception that hospital is going the wrong road. B．Pressure from patients to receive immediate medical treatment. C．Concerns over the accessibility of the electronic medical data. D．Complaints about the simplicity of the old standard. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Hospitals are moving slowly to electronic medical records. B．Physicians are getting accustomed to computerized routines. C．“Paternalistic” system is widely accepted by the patients in the U. S.. D．Patients should have control over their digital medical data. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讲述了美国医疗系统从纸质记录向电子医疗记录转型的艰难过程，包括所遇到的障碍、目前存在的问题以及可能的解决方案。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Computerization of health care data would quickly get patients’ health information where it needs to go, improving care and cutting costs.(医疗保健数据的计算机化将迅速将患者的健康信息送到需要的地方，从而改善护理并降低成本)”可知，联邦政府决定制作电子病历是为了提高医疗服务的效率。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Overall, progress has been blocked, among other obstacles, by reluctance to share information with competitors, software from different suppliers that can’t communicate, physicians who have pushed back at hospitals where they had to struggle with unaccustomed computerized routines and the expense, often exceeding $1 billion in large hospital systems, of retooling outdated computers.(总的来说，阻碍了进展的障碍包括：不愿与竞争对手分享信息；来自不同供应商的软件无法沟通；医生在医院不得不与不习惯的计算机程序作斗争，以及更换过时计算机的费用（大型医院系统的费用往往超过10亿美元）)”可知，更新电脑的巨大成本阻碍了通往电子医疗记录的道路。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Amid continued concerns that digitized patient data still isn’t getting to the point of care, and facing pressure from providers and lawmakers who argue that hospitals and other health organizations are being forced to do too much too fast despite the perception that they should be well down the road, the Department of Health and Human Services recently issued final rules on an advanced set of requirements to make electronic health information more readily available to clinicians.(人们一直担心数字化的病人数据还没有达到护理的目的，并且面临着来自供应商和立法者的压力，他们认为医院和其他卫生组织被迫做得太多太快，尽管他们认为他们应该在未来很长一段时间内，卫生和人类服务部最近发布了一套高级要求的最终规则，以使临床医生更容易获得电子健康信息)”可知，促使卫生与公共服务部发布了最终规定的是对电子医疗数据可获得性的担忧。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Moving hospitals out of paper records and into digital connectivity has been tougher than anyone but hard-core skeptics (怀疑论者) thought seven years ago, when the federal government began pouring billions of dollars into a push to make electronic medical records the universal standard. Computerization of health care data would quickly get patients’ health information where it needs to go, improving care and cutting costs.(将医院从纸质病历转移到数字病历的过程比任何人都要困难，但七年前，当联邦政府开始投入数十亿美元推动电子病历成为通用标准时，铁杆怀疑论者却没有想到这一点。医疗保健数据的计算机化将迅速将患者的健康信息送到需要的地方，从而改善护理并降低成本)”结合这篇文章主要讲述了美国医疗系统从纸质记录向电子医疗记录转型的艰难过程，包括所遇到的障碍、目前存在的问题以及可能的解决方案。可知，这篇文章的主旨是医院正在缓慢地向电子病历迈进。故选A。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海交通大学附属中学·期中)Some people have said aging is more a slide into forgetfulness than a journey towards wisdom. However, a growing body of research suggests that late-in-life learning is possible. In reality, education does an aging brain good. Throughout life, people’s brains constantly renovate themselves. In the late 1960s, British brain scientist Geoffrey Raisman spied growth in damaged brain regions of rats through an electron microscope; their brains were forming new connections. This meant brains may change every time a person learns something new. Of course, that doesn’t mean the brain isn’t affected by the effects of time. Just as height usually declines over the years, so does brain volume: Humans lose about 4 percent every decade starting in their 40s. But that reduction doesn’t necessarily make people think slower; as long as we are alive and functioning, we can alter our brains with new information and experiences. In fact, scientists now suspect accumulating novel experiences, facts, and skills can keep people’s minds more flexible. New pathways can strengthen our ever-changing mental structure, even as the brain shrinks. Conventional fixes like word puzzles and brain-training apps can contribute to mental durability. Even something as simple as taking a different route to the grocery store or going somewhere new on vacation can keep the brain healthy. A desire for new life challenges can further boost power. Research about aging adults who take on new enterprises shows improved function and memory as well as a reduced risk of mental disease. Openness — a characteristic defined by curiosity and a desire for knowledge — may also help folks pass brain tests. Some folks are born with this take-in-the-world attitude, but those who aren’t as genetically gifted aren’t necessarily out of luck. While genes can encourage an interest in doing new things, a 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging found completing reasoning tasks like puzzles and number games can enhance that desire for novel experiences, which can, in turn, refresh the brain. That’s why brain scientist Richard Kennedy says “It’s not that old dogs can’t learn new tricks. It’s that maybe old dogs don’t realize why they should.” 1．What do some people think of aging adults? A．Their wisdom grows as time goes by in their long life. B．They can benefit from late-in-life learning and gain wisdom. C．Their memory gradually becomes inferior to that of the past. D．They are likely to have mental health issues due to forgetfulness. 2．What can we conclude from Geoffrey Raisman’s finding? A．Brain damage seriously hinders one’s learning. B．Brains can refresh and improve with learning. C．Brain power weakens slower than we imagine. D．Brains forge connections under new conditions. 3．What is one thing that helps maintain the health of our brain even as it shrinks? A．Doing daily routines by conventional means B．Avoiding worrying about our mental durability C．Imitating old dogs’ way of learning new tricks D．Approaching everyday tasks in novel ways 4．What is the finding of the 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging? A．Wishing to solve puzzles enhances one’s reasoning power B．Playing number games unexpectedly stimulates one’s memory C．Desiring new experiences can help to renovate the brain D．Learning new tricks should not be confined to old dogs only 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了衰老与大脑的关系，指出尽管大脑会随年龄增长而萎缩，但通过学习新事物、积累新经验等方式可以保持大脑的灵活性和健康。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Some people have said aging is more a slide into forgetfulness than a journey towards wisdom.(一些人认为，衰老与其说是一段通往智慧的旅程，不如说是逐渐陷入健忘的过程。)”可知，有些人认为老年人的记忆力会逐渐衰退，而不是增长智慧。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Throughout life, people’s brains constantly renovate themselves. In the late 1960s, British brain scientist Geoffrey Raisman spied growth in damaged brain regions of rats through an electron microscope; their brains were forming new connections. This meant brains may change every time a person learns something new.(人这一辈子，大脑都在不断自我更新。20 世纪 60 年代末，英国脑科学家杰弗里・雷斯曼通过电子显微镜观察到，老鼠受损的大脑区域出现了生长现象，它们的大脑正在形成新的连接。这意味着，人每学到一些新东西，大脑就可能发生变化。)”可推知，大脑可以通过学习来更新和改善。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“In fact, scientists now suspect accumulating novel experiences, facts, and skills can keep people’s minds more flexible. (事实上，科学家们现在推测，不断积累新奇的经历、事实和技能能够让人的思维更加灵活。)”和第五段“Even something as simple as taking a different route to the grocery store or going somewhere new on vacation can keep the brain healthy.(即使是像走不同的路线去杂货店或假期去新的地方这样简单的事情也能保持大脑健康。)”可知，以新颖的方式处理日常任务有助于保持大脑健康。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“While genes can encourage an interest in doing new things, a 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging found completing reasoning tasks like puzzles and number games can enhance that desire for novel experiences, which can, in turn, refresh the brain.(虽然基因会催生人们对新鲜事物的兴趣，但 2012 年发表在《心理学与衰老》期刊上的一项研究发现，完成拼图、数字游戏等推理任务能够增强这种对新奇体验的渴望，而这种渴望反过来又能让大脑重焕活力。)”可知，渴望新体验可以帮助更新大脑。故选C。 Passage 3 (24-25高一上·上海第二中学·期中)For years, caffeine has been the “drug” of choice in many cultures. Caffeine has been considered socially acceptable because it is found in drinks like tea or coffee. People who consume a lot of caffeine- based drinks may think they are addicted because they depend heavily on the substance. But if they stop using such drinks, they will experience slightly uncomfortable symptoms for a few days. The real addiction may be emotional. Many people claim they cannot start their day unless they get their “fix”, which is, in many cases, a cup or two cups of coffee. Even young people who may not touch tea or coffee are still putting caffeine into their bodies when they have energy drinks, which have high amounts of caffeine. Caffeine is a bitter substance found in coffee, tea, soft drinks, chocolate, kola nuts, and some medicines. It has many effects on the body, including helping to activate the central nervous system. This can make you more awake and give you increased energy. America's National Institutes of Health (NIH) says drinking two to four cups of coffee a day is not harmful to most people. But it warns that too much caffeine can make people irritable and worried. It may also cause headaches, abnormal heartbeats and other problems. The NIH says women who are pregnant or breast-feeding should limit their consumption of caffeine. And it says caffeine may affect how the body reacts to some drugs and vitamins. It suggests talking with a doctor if you have questions. Would you like a drink of coffee or tea? A mathematical study showed that few people have Type 2 diabetes in countries where people drink a lot of tea. It showed that tea - especially black tea - might be the best choice. It found black tea is better for your health than coffee. However, coffee is one of the world's most popular drinks - perhaps the most popular. Results of a large American study may help to make it even more popular. The study showed that drinking coffee might help reduce the risk of oral or pharyngeal cancer, a deadly form of cancer. 1．What does the author mainly intend to express in the first paragraph? A．Caffeine withdrawal (戒断, 脱瘾) symptoms are incredibly serious. B．Energy drinks also contain large amounts of caffeine. C．Caffeine is socially accepted and emotionally addictive. D．Drinking tea or coffee is bad for health. 2．The underlined word “irritable” in paragraph 3 probably means _________. A．energetic B．angry C．calm D．ashamed 3．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．Drinking coffee can help cure oral cancer. B．Caffeine can help the body absorb the vitamins. C．Drinking coffee all day has no effect on most people. D．Pregnant women should avoid drinking coffee. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了咖啡因对身体的影响以及几份科学研究表明茶或咖啡对身体的好处。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Caffeine has been considered socially acceptable because it is found in drinks like tea or coffee. People who consume a lot of caffeine- based drinks may think they are addicted because they depend heavily on the substance. But if they stop using such drinks, they will experience slightly uncomfortable symptoms for a few days. The real addiction may be emotional. (咖啡因被认为是社会可以接受的，因为它存在于茶或咖啡等饮料中。饮用大量含咖啡因饮料的人可能会认为他们上瘾了，因为他们严重依赖这种物质。但如果他们停止使用这些饮料，他们会在几天内经历轻微的不适症状。真正的上瘾可能是情感上的。)”可知，第一段主要介绍咖啡因在社会上被接受，在情感上容易上瘾。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线词前面的“too much caffeine (太多的咖啡因) ”和and后面的“worried (焦虑的)”可知，太多的咖啡因会让人暴躁和焦虑。所以划线词irritable的意思为“生气的，暴躁的”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The NIH says women who are pregnant or breast-feeding should limit their consumption of caffeine. (国家卫生研究院说，怀孕或哺乳期的妇女应该限制咖啡因的摄入。)”可知，怀孕的妇女应该限制咖啡因的摄入。故选D。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海七宝中学·期中)LONDON is a city made for walking. Unlike, for instance, Los Angeles, its centre is easily accessible on foot. Outer boroughs (行政区) are no more than an hour or two away. Its curved streets, in contrast to the rigid grid (刚性网格) of New York, welcome lazy wanderers and busy commuters alike. But despite traffic queues and crowded underground carriages, most preferred to drive or to squeeze on to the Tube to get around the city. This is starting to change. Between 2001 and 2011, the number of trips made daily on foot in London increased by 12%. Nearly a third of the Londoners sampled made a continuous walk of 30 minutes once a week to get from place to place, rather than for exercise. One of the largest changes in the city over the past decade is the number of pedestrians, says Michele Dix of Transport for London (TfL), which runs the city’s transport networks. It launched the Roads Task Force, with plans to improve pavements. Several reasons account for the walking boom. The number of Londoners increased by 12% from 7.3 million in 2001 to 8.2 million in 2011, and Tube trains are getting old- fashioned and overcrowded. But other factors also encourage pedestrians. In 2004 Ken Livingstone, then mayor of London, swore to make London a “walkable city”. Some of his plans were carried on by Boris Johnson, the mayor. These include a scheme to create clearly-marked maps for use across the city. Of 33 boroughs in London, 22 now have the typical yellow- branded signs on their streets. All TfL-owned property (such as Tube stations and bicycle- hi re points) is covered by the scheme. This prevents tourists from popping on the Tube to travel one stop from Covent Garden to Leicester Square, a distance of 0.3 mile. Streets are also becoming more pedestrian- friendly. Exhibition Road in South Kensington was redeveloped in 2011. Pavements were replaced by better- quality bricks. Fewer cars now go down the road, which stretches from Hyde Park to the museums and restaurants around the station, encouraging moving crowds of pedestrians. Londoners may also be more aware of the advantages of walking. Health campaigns like the NHS’s ‘LiveWell’ emphasize that walking is the easiest form of exercise. Rubber wrist band pedometers (计步器), such as ‘FitBit’ and ‘FuelBand’, are also increasingly popular. 1．From the first paragraph, it can be learned that _________. A．It’s within walking distance for Londoners to go between different boroughs B．You can see many people rushing or walking round you along the London streets C．Londoners enjoy taking the crowded subway to travel through the city D．It is not allowed gradually to drive or take the tube in the city center of London 2．Which of the following statements about TfL (Transport for London) is NOT true? A．It launched the Roads Task Force. B．It runs the city’s transport networks. C．It owns properties such as Tube stations. D．It aims to create clearly-marked maps for use. 3．This passage mainly talks about _________. A．Londoners’ healthy lifestyle B．the encouragement for people to walk C．a city which is suitable for walking D．London’s walking boom and its reasons 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了伦敦适合步行且步行热潮上升的现象及其原因。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Unlike, for instance, Los Angeles, its centre is easily accessible on foot. Outer boroughs (行政区) are no more than an hour or two away.(不像洛杉矶，它的中心很容易步行到达。行政区离这里不超过一两个小时的路程。)”可知，伦敦人可以在不同的行政区之间步行，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Some of his plans were carried on by Boris Johnson, the mayor. These include a scheme to create clearly-marked maps for use across the city.(他的一些计划由市长鲍里斯·约翰逊执行。其中包括为整个城市创建清晰标记地图的计划。)”可知，创建清晰的地图以供使用是伦敦市长的计划，而不是伦敦交通局的目的，D选项“它的目的是创建清晰标记的地图供使用”不正确。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据第一段“LONDON is a city made for walking.(伦敦是一座适合步行的城市)”以及第二段“Between 2001 and 2011, the number of trips made daily on foot in London increased by 12%.(2001年至2011年间，伦敦每天步行出行的人数增加了12%。)”结合本文介绍了伦敦适合步行且步行热潮上升的现象及其原因。可知，这篇文章主要谈论的是伦敦的步行热潮及其原因，故选D。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海外国语大学附属外国语学校松江云间中学·期中)Every day, Lucy Dong and her best friend Amy Zhu wake at 7 a.m.—7.10 a.m. If they are lucky-rush through their breakfast of steamed buns and noodles, and head off to what may be the best schooling system in the world. The 10-year-olds, who are natives of Shanghai. study in 35-minute bursts from around 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., with a small break for lunch—and a class meeting — sandwiched in the middle. Outside school hours, the girls’ lives are lots of extra-curricular activities: English class, flute class, drumming class, handwriting class, calligraphy class, Taekwondo training, modelling lessons and choir practice. Shanghai was crowned (加冕) — for the second time — the champion of the Programme for International Student Assesment (PISA．, which compares the maths, reading and science skills of some 510,00 secondary school students around the world). Some experts question the value of comparing cities and countries. Others point out that Shanghai’s relatively well-funded schools and well-paid teachers are not representative (代表) of the Chinese education system as a whole. Even so, the latest results are likely to see more and more educators flock east in search of the mega-city’s magic formula. Professor Kong Lingshuai of the College of Education at Shanghai Normal University has studied the city’s PISA successes. He says that the secret is a mix of “traditional elements and modern elements”. The former is related to the high expectations of “tiger” parents, and a belief in Chinese children from a young age that effort is crucial to gaining a good education. The “modern elements” include Shanghai’s willingness to constantly adapt its curriculum and teaching practices; its focus on improving under-achieving schools by pairing them with those that excel; its openness to foreign ideas; and the introduction of performance-related pay. An obsession with (痴迷于) training has also been the key, says Prof. Kong. As of last year, new teachers have to undergo a standardized, one-year training course before starting in the classroom. Once qualified, they are required to complete at least 240 hours’ training in their first five years, including online learning, paper reading. essay writing and so on. Teachers are also encouraged to attend each other’s classes to promote a culture of “idea sharing, exchanging and positive competition”. Outsiders often dismiss China’s educational system as a pressure-cooker-style craze of exams that places too much emphasis on rote-learning and does little to stimulate creativity. But in Shanghai at least, that may be starting to change. Authorities are attempting to move away from testing that relies too heavily on memorizing facts and figures, and some schools are also giving students more time to play, rather than just study. 1．The author mentions Lucy Dong and Amy Zhu in the first 3 paragraphs to ______. A．praise the hard work of these two girls B．give readers the whole picture of Chinese education C．show what education in Shanghai looks like D．criticize the burden the education brings on them 2．Why do some experts challenge the result that Shanghai ranked 1 “in PISA test?” A．Because the value of PISA, which only tests 510,000 students globally, receives doubt. B．Because Shanghai has got more attention and resources from the central government. C．Because only maths, reading and science skills are compared in PISA test, which is not enough. D．Because Shanghai has a better system of financial support for schools as well as for teachers. 3．Which of the following is closest in meaning to “dismiss” in the last paragraph? A．To give credit for something. B．To think about something differently. C．To think negatively of something. D．To claim the features of something 4．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Strict parents contribute little to the academic success of their children. B．Students have more free time to spend on their interest across China. C．Under-achieving schools are usually displaced by those academically competitive schools. D．Many education researchers are getting to Shanghai to study the phenomenon. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了上海的教育模式领先世界，秘诀在于传统与现代教育的结合。 1．推理判断题。前三段描述了Lucy Dong和Amy Zhu在上海的上学日常，结合第四段中“Shanghai was crowned—for the second time—the champion of the Programme for International Student Assesment (PISA., which compares the maths, reading and science skills of some 510,00 secondary school students around the world).(上海第二次成为国际学生评估项目(PISA)的冠军。该报告比较了全球约51万名中学生的数学、阅读和科学技能。)”可知，下文提到了上海第二次成为国际学生评估项目的冠军以及上海的教育模式，故前三段提到Lucy Dong和Amy Zhu是为了说明上海的教育是什么样子的，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Some experts question the value of comparing cities and countries. Others point out that Shanghai’s relatively well-funded schools and well-paid teachers are not representative of the Chinese education system as a whole.(一些专家质疑比较城市和国家的价值。还有人指出，上海资金相对充裕的学校和高薪教师并不能代表整个中国教育体系。)”可知，一些专家质疑上海在PISA测试中排名第一的结果，是因为上海对学校和教师都有更好的财政支持体系，故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后“a pressure-cooker-style craze of exams that places too much emphasis on rote-learning and does little to stimulate creativity (压力锅式的考试狂热，过于强调死记硬背，对激发创造力几乎毫无帮助)”可知，此处指外人认为中国的教育体系不好，dismiss意为“对……不屑一提”，和C选项“To think negatively of something.(消极地看待某事)”意思相近。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段“Even so, the latest results are likely to see more and more educators flock east in search of the mega-city’s magic formula. (即便如此，最新的结果很可能会让越来越多的教育工作者涌向东部，寻找这个超级城市的神奇公式。)”可知，许多教育研究者会前往上海研究上海的教育模式，故选D。 Passage 3 (24-25高一上·上海育才中学·期中)A peer is a person who is about the same age as you. Peers affect your life, whether you know it or not, just by spending time with you. Peers can have a good effect on one another. Maybe another student in your science class taught you an easy way to remember the planets in solar system. Maybe you got others excited about your new favorite book and now everyone’s reading it. However, sometimes peers affect one another in another way. For example, one kid in school might try to get another to cut class with him, your soccer friend might try to persuade you to be mean to another player and never pass her the ball, or a kid in the neighborhood might want you to steal things with him. Some kids give in to peer pressure because they want to be liked, to fit in, or because they worry that other kids may make fun of them if they don’t go along with the group. Others may go along because they are curious to try something new that others are doing. The idea that “everyone’ s doing it’ may influence some kids to leave their better judgments or their common senses behind. Peer pressure can be extremely strong and hard to get rid of. Experiments have shown how peer pressure can influence someone to change her/ his mind from what she/ he knows for sure is a correct answer to the incorrect answer— just because everyone else gives the incorrect answer! That holds true for people of any age in peer pressure situations. It can be hard to walk away from peer pressure, but it can be done. Paying attention to your own feelings and beliefs about what is right and wrong can help you know the right thing to do. Inner strength and self-confidence can help you stand firm, walk away and resist doing something when you know better. 1．The writer will NOT agree that ________. A．only children change their correct answers under peer pressure. B．Peers will believe in themselves if other peers agree with them. C．peers have effect on each other whether the effect is good or not. D．Peer pressure is very strong and difficult for people to get rid of. 2．The writer intends to ________ by writing the passage. A．encourage people to follow others’ opinions. B．warn people to stay away from their peers. C．tell people it is hard to be away from peer pressure. D．advise people to do the right despite peer pressure. 3．All of the following aspects are concerned in the passage EXCEPT ________. A．The definition of the peer and how it affects life. B．The reason why kids have stronger peer pressure. C．The way peers influence each other in daily life. D．The way peer pressure influences our judgment. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Peer pressure has a good effect. B．Peer pressure is hard to resist. C．Children give in to peer pressure. D．Peer pressure always does harm. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要阐述了同龄人对个体生活的影响，包括积极和消极两方面，并分析了同龄人压力产生的原因、影响以及应对方法。 1．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Peer pressure can be extremely strong and hard to get rid of. Experiments have shown how peer pressure can influence someone to change her/ his mind from what she/ he knows for sure is a correct answer to the incorrect answer— just because everyone else gives the incorrect answer! That holds true for people of any age in peer pressure situations.(同伴压力可能极其强烈且难以摆脱。实验已经表明，同伴压力如何影响一个人，使他/她从自己确信的正确答案改为错误的答案——仅仅因为其他人都给出了错误的答案！这在任何年龄段的人面对同伴压力时都同样适用)”可知，作者不同意只有孩子在同辈压力下才会改变正确答案，因为在任何年龄段的人面对同伴压力时都同样适用。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It can be hard to walk away from peer pressure, but it can be done. Paying attention to your own feelings and beliefs about what is right and wrong can help you know the right thing to do. Inner strength and self-confidence can help you stand firm, walk away and resist doing something when you know better.(摆脱同伴压力可能很难，但并非不可能。关注自己对于对错的感受和信念，可以帮助你知道正确的做法。内心的力量和自信可以帮助你坚定立场，走开并拒绝做你知道不对的事情)”以及纵观全文可知，作者想通过写这篇文章来建议人们在同辈压力下做正确的事。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第一段“A peer is a person who is about the same age as you. Peers affect your life, whether you know it or not, just by spending time with you.(同龄人是指与你年龄相仿的人。无论你是否意识到，同龄人都会通过与你的相处而影响你的生活)”可知，A项“同伴的定义及其对生活的影响”被提及，根据第二段“Peers can have a good effect on one another.”以及第三段“However, sometimes peers affect one another in another way.(然而，有时候同龄人之间也会以另一种方式相互影响)”可知，C项“同龄人在日常生活中相互影响的方式”被提及，根据倒数第三段“Some kids give in to peer pressure because they want to be liked, to fit in, or because they worry that other kids may make fun of them if they don’t go along with the group. Others may go along because they are curious to try something new that others are doing. The idea that “everyone’ s doing it’ may influence some kids to leave their better judgments or their common senses behind.(一些孩子会屈服于同伴压力，因为他们想要被喜欢，想要融入群体，或者担心如果不随波逐流，其他孩子会嘲笑他们。另一些人可能会因为好奇而尝试别人正在做的新事物。那种“大家都在做”的想法可能会让一些孩子放弃自己的判断力或常识)”可知，D项“同伴压力影响我们判断的方式”被提及，B项“孩子们有更大的同伴压力的原因”文中没有提及。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A peer is a person who is about the same age as you. Peers affect your life, whether you know it or not, just by spending time with you.(同龄人是指与你年龄相仿的人。无论你是否意识到，同龄人都会通过与你的相处而影响你的生活)”以及最后一段“It can be hard to walk away from peer pressure, but it can be done.(摆脱同伴压力可能很难，但并非不可能)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了同龄人对个体生活的影响，包括积极和消极两方面，所以同辈压力是难以抗拒的。故选B项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 (23-24高一上·上海五校联考·期中)Fishy Weather Conditions Laj amanu, Australia, is a dry little town, sitting right on the edge of the Tanami desert. Can you imagine how surprised people were when live fish rained down on them from a dark gray cloud. It happens that there are similar cases in England and Honduras. How do clouds make fishy? The simple answer is that they don’t. There is a particular weather phenomenon (现象) called a waterspout. A waterspout is just like a tornado (龙卷风), only it forms above oceans, lakes, or rivers. Like a tornado, a waterspout moves in a circle at high speeds. When it moves above the water, it tends to carry the fish with it, as well as frogs or other small plants or animals. Scientists couldn’t work it out at first. To make matters stranger still, the fish in Honduras were very much alive when they rained down to the ground, but they were all blind. In England and Australia, it rained fish and snakes, and none were blind. It was difficult to puzzle out, but the blind fish gave them a place to start. Scientists knew that some fish that lived in deep, underground caves with no light sources often lost their eyesight. So when blind fish rained down on Honduras, scientists began to connect some clues (线索，提示). Clearly, these particular fish were pulled from an underground water source by force. It has rained fish on every continent, and each time, people have tried in various ways to explain this strange phenomenon. Historically, villagers thought the “fishes from the heavens” might be answers to prayers (祈祷) for food. Others suggested that floods overran river banks and oceans, leaving the fish on the city streets. No scientist had actually seen the rain as it occurred, only the fish left on the ground. But in 1990, a National Geographic team happened to be in Honduras when the Rain of Fishes began. They recorded what was happening and made history by finally proving that the fish really did fall from the sky. This huge breakthrough wasn’t just a spot of good luck. It changed thousands of years of myths (虚构的事；谬论) and legends into true stories and provided scientific explanations for how fish came to live in deep caves. It explained ancient cave paintings and cast (投射光线) new light on how species have spread over time. It turned out to be a lot more than just a little fishy weather. 1．According to the passage, a waterspout ________. A．can make animals blind B．is difficult to catch on film C．can carry items (物品) with it D．is a dangerous sea creature 2．The blind fish made the scientists start to think that ________. A．raining fish was a warning of natural disasters B．animals changed to match their environments C．the weather system differed from place to place D．the waterspout theory seemed more possible 3．The first sentence in the last paragraph probably suggests that ________. A．waterspouts came to be a center of scientific research B．the scientists were fortunate to have made their discoveries C．hard work went into determining the cause for the raining fish D．the scientists relied heavily on unusual events to drive their studies 4．The author writes the passage to ________. A．explain what caused the fishy weather B．describe the magic phenomenon C．persuade people to protect the environment D．encourage people to do scientific research 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了雨中下活鱼的天气的原因。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“When it moves above the water, it tends to carry the fish with it, as well as frogs or other small plants or animals. (当它在水面上移动时，往往会带着鱼、青蛙或其他小植物或动物)”可知，水龙卷会携带水里的一些东西。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“It was difficult to puzzle out, but the blind fish gave them a place to start.(这很难琢磨出来，但盲鱼给了他们一个开始的地方)”可知，盲鱼给了科学家一个研究的着手点，结合第四段“Scientists knew that some fish that lived in deep, underground caves with no light sources often lost their eyesight. So when blind fish rained down on Honduras, scientists began to connect some clues (线索，提示). Clearly, these particular fish were pulled from an underground water source by force. (科学家们知道，一些生活在没有光源的地下洞穴深处的鱼经常会失明。因此，当盲鱼如雨点般降落在洪都拉斯时，科学家们开始将一些线索联系起来。很明显，这些特殊的鱼是被强行从地下水源中拽出来的)”可知，盲鱼让科学家们认为水龙卷理论是可能的。故选D。 3．句意猜测题。根据倒数第二段“But in 1990, a National Geographic team happened to be in Honduras when the Rain of Fishes began. They recorded what was happening and made history by finally proving that the fish really did fall from the sky. (但是在1990年，当“鱼雨”开始的时候，一个国家地理小组碰巧在洪都拉斯。他们记录下了发生的一切，最终证明了鱼确实是从天上掉下来的，从而创造了历史)”可知，经过科学小组的努力，终于用事实证明鱼确实是从天上掉下来的。最后一段“It changed thousands of years of myths (虚构的事；谬论) and legends into true stories and provided scientific explanations for how fish came to live in deep caves. It explained ancient cave paintings and cast (投射光线) new light on how species have spread over time. (它将数千年的神话和传说变成了真实的故事，并为鱼类如何生活在深洞中提供了科学的解释。它解释了古代洞穴壁画，并为物种如何随着时间的推移而传播提供了新的视角)”强调了这次巨大的突破的重要性，提供了科学解释。由此可知，划线句子表明取得成果靠的不仅是运气，还有人们的努力。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章的标题“Raining Fish Weather Conditions (雨中下活鱼的现象)”及文章内容可推知，这篇文章的目的就是为了解释为什么会出现雨中下活鱼的现象。故选A。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海普陀区·期中)Going vegan or vegetarian is one way to decrease your diet’s impact on greenhouse gas emissions (排放) — but it isn’t the only way. A recent Purdue University study suggests that smaller changes can make a difference too, while improving your health. After analyzing the 2010 grocery purchases of more than 57,000 U.S. families, Purdue researchers found 71 percent could reduce their food carbon footprint by making some changes. One is to skip the unhealthy snacks. Avoiding foods with high calorie is important and low nutritional value can reduce the total carbon footprint of U.S. family food consumption by nearly 10 percent. Items like candy, soda, and packaged snacks take more ingredients and more processing, which translates to higher environmental impacts. Another effective way to reduce your carbon emissions is to avoid bulk buys. Households of one or two people may end up with food waste when they try to save money with bulk buys. Before you buy supersize, consider whether a three-pound jar of peanut butter will go bad before it’s used up. The researchers of the study also suggest consuming fewer ready-made foods. One average microwave meal may not have a very large carbon footprint. But buying them regularly can add up to high emissions because ready-made foods are sold in large quantities, which makes their carbon footprint significant, the study found. By making the above changes, the U.S. could cut more than a quarter of emissions from household food consumption, the researchers say. That’s about 36 million metric tons — about what 6.6 million households generate in a year of electricity use. “Collective action can make a huge impact,” says study co-author Hua Cai. 1．Why does the author mention being a vegetarian in Paragraph 1? A．To encourage us to become vegetarians. B．To introduce the findings of a recent study. C．To illustrate the impact of greenhouse gas emission. D．To tell readers it’s not a good way to help the environment. 2．How many methods are suggested by the study to reduce our food carbon footprint? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 3．What do the underlined words “bulk buys” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Buying things in quantity. B．Buying things of low quality. C．Buying things out of date. D．Buying things of low price. 4．What might Hua Cai mean by saying “Collective action can make a huge impact”? A．We should collect some materials to make a difference. B．We should take measures quickly to make a difference. C．We should make efforts together to make a difference. D．We should avoid all unhealthy food to make a difference. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何通过改变一些小习惯来减少碳的排放量。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Going vegan or vegetarian is one way to decrease your diet’s impact on greenhouse gas emissions (排放) — but it isn’t the only way. A recent Purdue University study suggests that smaller changes can make a difference too, while improving your health.(吃素或素食是减少饮食对温室气体排放影响的一种方法，但这不是唯一的方法。普渡大学(Purdue University)最近的一项研究表明，小的改变也可以产生影响，同时改善你的健康。)”可知，作者提出素食主义是为了引出话题，介绍通过一些小改变就可以减少碳的排放量，即该研究的新发现。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“One is to skip the unhealthy snacks.(一是不吃不健康的零食。)”、文章第三段“Another effective way to reduce your carbon emissions is to avoid bulk buys.(另一个减少碳排放的有效方法是避免批量购买。)”和文章第四段“The researchers of the study also suggest consuming fewer ready-made foods.(这项研究的研究人员还建议少吃现成的食物。)”可知，该研究提出了3种方法来减少我们的食物碳足迹。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据下文“Before you buy supersize, consider whether a three-pound jar of peanut butter will go bad before it’s used up.(在你购买超大号的花生酱之前，考虑一下一罐3磅重的花生酱在用完之前是否会变质。)”可知，只有一两个人的家庭为了节省大量购买的钱，最终可能会造成食物浪费。由此可知，bulk buys意为“大批购买”。故选A。 4．词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段“By making the above changes, the U.S. could cut more than a quarter of emissions from household food consumption, the researchers say. That’s about 36 million metric tons — about what 6.6 million households generate in a year of electricity use. “Collective action can make a huge impact,” says study co-author Hua Cai. ( 研究人员说，通过上述改变，美国可以减少家庭食品消费排放的四分之一以上。这大约是3600万吨——大约是660万户家庭一年的用电量。“集体行动可以产生巨大的影响，”该研究的合著者华彩说。)”可知，“Collective action can make a huge impact”的意思是呼吁我们应该共同努力，做出改变。故选C。 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (23-24高一上·上海中学·期中)In spite of “endless talk of difference”, American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This includes the uniformity in clothing and communication, as well as the casualness and lack of respect seen in popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered a wide range of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of fancy shops catering to the upper-class, these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background.” This turned shopping into a public and democratic (民主的) act. The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. Immigrants are quickly adapting to this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at remarkable levels nor resistant to assimilation (融合). In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indicators of assimilation — language, home ownership and intermarriage. The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual (双语的) and good at English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence, America is described as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans. Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians. Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States are not influenced by the nation’s assimilative power.” Are there divisive issues and anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s troubled past, today’s social Indicators hardly suggest a dark and worsening social environment. 1．The underlined phrase in paragraph 1 probably means ________. A．making people adapt to American consumption culture B．encouraging people to embrace a democratic lifestyle C．encouraging people to stick to their own ideas and principles D．making people behave more similarly in many aspects 2．According to the passage, what can be inferred about the immigrants now in the U.S.? A．Their adaptation to the common culture is quick but harmful to the society. B．The scale of immigration is not big and the immigrants welcome American culture. C．Their children are good at both English and their original language. D．Hispanic and Asian-American women both prefer to marry native-born Americans. 3．The author mentions Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks in paragraph 4 to ________. A．provide examples of successful immigrants B．suggest the weakness of America’s assimilative power C．show the powerful influence of American culture D．prove their popularity at home and abroad 4．What is the author’s general attitude towards the cultural assimilation in American society? A．Optimistic. B．Concerned. C．Neutral. D．Negative. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国对美国移民的文化同化问题。 1．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“In spite of “endless talk of difference”(尽管“没完没了地谈论差异”)”说明尽管人们对于美国社会的差异性有没完没了的争议，与后文形成转折关系，从而推知划线词句“American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people(美国社会是一台神奇的homogenizing people的机器)”其中划线短语应为“同质人们，使人们同质化”的意思，与D项“使人们在许多方面表现得更加相似”同义。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Immigrants are quickly adapting to this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at remarkable levels nor resistant to assimilation (融合). In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000.(移民们正在很快迅速适应这种共同文化，虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上，但也不会毒害人们。Gregory Rodriguez为《国家移民论坛》撰写文章，他在报道中指出，如今移民既没有创新高，也不抵制同化，1998年移民占美国人口总数的9.8%，而1990年移民人口所占比例是13.6%。1990年之前的10年里，每1000名居民中就有3.1名移民抵达；在1890年之前的10年中，每1000人中有9.2人)”和第三段中“The 1990 Census revealed  that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common  countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years  of residence.”(1990年的人口普查显示，“来自15个最常见的原籍国的大多数移民在居住10年后都能说‘好’或‘非常好’的英语。”)”可推知，现在在美国的移民，移民规模不大，并且移民欢迎美国文化。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States are not influenced by the nation’s assimilative power.”(罗德里格斯指出，世界各地偏远村庄的孩子都是阿诺德·施瓦辛格和加思·布鲁克斯等巨星的粉丝，但“一些美国人担心生活在美国的移民不会受到美国同化能力的影响。”)”可推知，作者在第4段提到阿诺德·施瓦辛格和加思·布鲁克斯是为了表明美国文化的巨大影响力。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Are there divisive issues and anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s troubled past, today’s social Indicators hardly suggest a dark and worsening social environment.(美国是否存在分裂问题和愤怒？没错这个国家足够大，就会什么东西都会有点儿。但特别是当与美国动荡的过去相比时，今天的社会指标不能表明社会环境是黑暗和恶化的)”可推知，作者对美国社会文化同化的总体态度是乐观的。故选A项。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海安亭高级中学·期中)For many years, humans have tried to find the secret to staying young. Although it has yet to be discovered, we may be closer than ever to finding a way that can slow down the aging process. A recent study by researchers from Duke University in the US found that cutting one’s daily intake of calories (卡路里) could slow down biological aging, which means you might be able to hang on to your youthful looks a little longer. Previous research has shown that calorie restrictions slow aging in worms, flies and mice. So researchers wondered if it could have the same effect on people. To find out, Daniel Belsky and her team examined data from a study by the National Institute on Aging, based in the US, which involved 220 people. During the two-year study, 145 people in the restriction group cut their calorie intake by 25 percent. Meanwhile, 75 people in the control group maintained their normal diets. At the start of the study, the two groups had no difference in biological age. The average participant was 38 years old, with a biological age of 37. However, after each 12-month period, participants in the restriction group saw an increase in biological age by an average of 0.1l years. Meanwhile, those in the control group saw a rise by an average of 0.71 years. The researchers believe the difference between these groups shows that cutting calories does slow biological aging. Although they didn’t explain the reason behind this, researchers at Brigham Young University in the US provided an explanation after they carried out a similar study on mice. They believe fewer calories slow down a mechanism in cells called the ribosome (核糖体), at least in mice. The mechanism is responsible for making vital proteins in cells, but with fewer calories it slows down, giving it more time to repair itself. The ribosome is complex like a car, and it needs to replace the parts that wear out the fastest from time to time, according to John Price, a biochemistry professor at Brigham Young University. “When tires wear out, you don’t throw the whole car away and buy new ones. It’s easier to replace the tires,” Price told VOA． But this doesn’t mean that people who want to look younger should start skipping meals, especially given the study’s early stage. Proper nutrition is important, Price explained. “Food isn’t just material to be burned — it’s a signal that tells our body and cells how to respond,” he told Science Daily. 1．The purpose of the research was to _____ A．find the most efficient way to control calorie intake. B．explain why people have to maintain a normal diet. C．test the influence of calorie restrictions on aging. D．invent technology that keeps people young and healthy. 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE about the experiment? A．All the participants were of the same biological age at the start. B．The biological age of people in the control group increased more than those in the restriction group. C．Flies and mice were used to compare the results of the human test with. D．Some participants were asked to double the amount of food they ate. 3．According to John Price, _____ A．the ribosome is an important cell that controls the aging process. B．a higher level of caloric intake means more healthy proteins. C．the fewer calories one takes in, the better the ribosome works. D．reducing calorie intake could allow the ribosome to repair itself better. 4．We can infer from the text that _____ A．those who want to stay young are advised to skip meals. B．people should keep a record of the energy they burn every day. C．maintaining a balanced diet is not as difficult as people imagine. D．we could slow our pace of biological aging by changing our eating habits. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国杜克大学的研究证明减少卡路里摄入能减缓生物衰老。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Previous research has shown that calorie restrictions slow aging in worms, flies and mice. So researchers wondered if it could have the same effect on people.(先前的研究表明，限制卡路里摄入可以减缓蠕虫、苍蝇和老鼠的衰老。因此，研究人员想知道这对人类是否也有同样的效果)”可知，研究的目的是测试限制卡路里摄入对人类衰老的影响。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“However, after each 12 month period, participants in the restriction group saw an increase in biological age by an average of 0.11 years. Meanwhile, those in the control group saw a rise by an average of 0.71 years.(然而，每过12个月，限制组参与者的生物年龄平均增加0.11岁。与此同时，对照组参与者的生物年龄平均增加0.71岁)”可知，对照组参与者的生物年龄增长比限制组更多，所以B项“The biological age of people in the control group increased more than those in the restriction group.(对照组的人的生理年龄比限制组的人增长得更多)”是正确表述。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“They believe fewer calories slow down a mechanism in cells called the ribosome (核糖体), at least in mice. The mechanism is responsible for making vital proteins in cells, but with fewer calories it slows down, giving it more time to repair itself.(他们认为，至少在老鼠身上，较少的卡路里会减缓细胞中一种叫做核糖体的机制。这种机制负责在细胞中制造重要的蛋白质，但摄入的卡路里减少时，它会变慢，从而有更多时间进行自我修复)”和第六段中约翰·普莱斯的话“When tires wear out, you don’t throw the whole car away and buy new ones. It’s easier to replace the tires(当轮胎磨损时，你不会把整辆车扔掉，然后买新的。换轮胎更容易)”可知，他将核糖体比作汽车，需要不时更换磨损最快的部件，但通过减少卡路里摄入可以让核糖体变慢，让它有时间更好地自我修复。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“A recent study by researchers from Duke University in the US found that cutting one’s daily intake of calories (卡路里) could slow down biological aging, which means you might be able to hang on to your youthful looks a little longer.(美国杜克大学的研究人员最近进行的一项研究发现，减少每日卡路里摄入量可以减缓生物衰老，这意味着你可能能够更长时间地保持年轻的容貌)”可知，减少每日卡路里摄入量可以减缓生物衰老，即我们可以通过改变饮食习惯来减缓生物衰老的速度。故选D项。 Passage 3 (23-24高一·上海华东师范大学第二附中·期中)The life of a journalist can be exciting. To be in constant pursuit of the latest news demands a curiosity that can only be rewarded by getting to “where it is happening” as soon as possible. The goal, of course, is to relate what is happening to the public as clearly as possible. However, every journalist must be careful to report not only a vivid picture of what is happening, but a true picture. Each journalist reports his or her own version of what has taken place. Still, this version must be an actual account if the reporter is to maintain a reliable reputation. In order to get to the truth in some new stories, a reporter must rely on the statements of someone who is on the inside of the situation. Often this insider will only talk to a reporter if the reporter promises never to reveal the insider’s name. The insider usually threatens never to admit meeting with the reporter if his or her name is revealed. Because stories of this nature often involve criminal activity, reporting them becomes a dangerous job. This kind of work involved in obtaining news in this summer serves as an inviting situation for the underworld as well as the legal world. Members of the underworld want to find out who the insider is so that they can keep him or her quiet. Members of the legal world claim that the reporter will disturb justice if he or she fails to disclose the insider’s name. Rather than be unaccountable to a trusted informant, most reporters will go to jail if need be. Freedom of the press is provided by the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States. Impure interpretations of this portion of the constitution cause a small number of reporters to be jailed every year. However, as yet, no amount of legal maneuvering (操纵) has been able to put out this light of freedom set up by our forefathers. All of the reporters refusing to reveal the names of their informants have eventually been released. Devotion of this kind has given journalism its reputation for reliability — a reliability that each journalist is expected to uphold in his or her search for truth. Supplying a truthful account of each day’s occurrence is the serious contract made between reporter and the public. 1．According to the passage, those who give inside information ________. A．are usually under police protection B．do not want their names made public C．are on rare occasions on good terms with reliable reporter D．often have difficulty in protecting their lives 2．Judging by the context, the word “inviting” in paragraph 4 can be replaced by _____. A．scheming B．unknowing C．stirring D．tempting 3．Some reporters are put into prison mainly because ________. A．the courts sometimes misinterpret the First Amendment of the Constitution B．they get inside stories by dishonest means C．they are against the First Amendment of the Constitution D．there is no law in the United States to protect freedom of the press 4．The author implies in the passage that a reliable reporter ________. A．seldom follows the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States B．should be diligent, clever and inventive C．must provide the public with a truthful account as clearly as possible D．must try every means to satisfy the public’s curiosity 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了作为一名记者，尽管令人兴奋，但每个记者都必须注意生动地报道所发生的事情。此外，他们后面应该有一幅真实的画面。记者必须依靠在场人员的陈述，才能了解一些新闻报道的真相。正是奉献精神使新闻业以可靠性著称。 1．细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“Often this insider will only talk to a reporter if the reporter promises never to reveal the insider’s name. The insider usually threatens never to admit meeting with the reporter if his or her name is revealed. (通常情况下，只有在记者承诺绝不透露知情人姓名的情况下，知情人才会与记者交谈。知情人通常威胁说，如果他或她的名字被披露，他或她永远不会承认与记者见面)”可知，根据这篇文章，提供内幕消息的人不希望他们的名字被公开。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。文章第四段inviting下文讲到“Members of the underworld want to find out who the insider is so that they can keep him or her quiet. Members of the legal world claim that the reporter will disturb justice if he or she fails to disclose the insider’s name. (黑社会的成员想知道知情人是谁，这样他们就可以让他或她保持沉默。法律界的成员声称，如果记者不披露知情者的姓名，他或她将扰乱司法公正。)”可知，黑社会和法律界都想知道知情人是谁，这对他们很有吸引力。因此。第四段中的“inviting”一词的意思是“诱人的,吸引人的”，可以用tempting“吸引人的”来替换。故选D。 3．细节理解题。文章倒数第二段讲到“Impure interpretations of this portion of the constitution cause a small number of reporters to be jailed every year (对宪法这一部分的不公正解释每年都会导致少数记者入狱)”可知，有些记者被关进监狱主要是因为法院有时会曲解宪法第一修正案。故选A。 4．推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“Devotion of this kind has given journalism its reputation for reliability—a reliability that each journalist is expected to uphold in his or her search for truth. Supplying a truthful account of each day’s occurrence is the serious contract made between reporter and the public (这种奉献精神让新闻业赢得了可靠的声誉—这种可靠性是每个记者在寻求真相时都应该坚持的。如实报道每天发生的事情是记者和公众之间的严肃契约)”可知，作者在文章中暗示，一个可靠的记者必须尽可能清楚地向公众提供真实的解释。故选C。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (23-24高一上·上海交通大学附属中学·期中)Genetic testing companies have a long history of creative attempts to reach the mainstream. An early example was the sequencing of rock star Ozzy Osbourne’s genes in 2010, with accompanying guess about how they might have influenced his drug habits. Lately, such projects have taken on a new, highly commercialized tendency. In 2017, we got the “Marmite (马麦酱) gene project,” run by London-based genetic testing start-up DNAfit. It claims to show that love or hate for Marmite was in our genes. The project turned into a full-blown marketing campaign, and even sold Marmite-branded DNA testing tools. DNAfit is now working with Mercedes-Benz to find out whether specific genetic traits are associated with business wisdom. AncestryDNA, the world’s largest consumer genetic testing company, last year teamed up with Spotify to promote “music tailored to your DNA．” Just a few weeks ago, 23andMe, the second largest, announced a partnership with Airbnb to provide genetically tailored travel experiences, also inspired by ancestral DNA． I have skin in this game. I run a genetic-testing start-up that connects people who want their genome sequenced with researchers who want data to improve their understanding of genetic disease. I believe that broadening access to DNA testing can be a powerful force for good, providing safer, more effective medicines and giving people more power over their healthcare. But these campaigns risk discrediting the industry, by giving a misleading impression of what genetics can and can't say and its role in determining behaviours and personal preferences. Take the Marmite study. It covered 261 people — tiny, by the standards of the field. It was published not in a journal, but online on bioRxiv, a server where scientists typically put results before peer-review. Shortly after, researchers looked at the genetic data of more than 500 times as many people in the UK Biobank and found no such correlation. A large peer-reviewed study in 2013 found no significant link between genes and business common sense. We need to inform the public about what this is all about: that is, the gathering of large amounts of genetic data. We need better regulation to ensure that consumers are clear that this may happen with this sensitive personal information. A checkbox on a 20-page web document full of legal terms should not be enough. Scientists too, need to start asking hard questions about whether the information they are using has been sourced ethically. DNA testing has a great future, but we can't build this future with data acquired by any means. 1．The author mentions DNAfit, AncestryDNA and 23andMe in order to __________. A．highlight the problems facing genetic testing B．illustrate the commercial applications of DNA C．compare what progress the companies have made D．reveal the link between DNA and a person's character 2．We can learn from “I have skin in this game” in Para. 4 that the author __________. A．is challenging the available treatment for skin disease B．has a personal investment in the genetic-testing business C．hopes to remove people's misunderstanding of the game rules D．believes that every individual should have access to DNA testing 3．What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about? A．The disadvantages of genetic testing. B．The scientific value of genetic testing. C．The legal system genetic testing needs. D．The essentials for proper genetic testing. 4．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．DNA Is Anything but a Marketing Tool B．Genetic Testing Campaigns Aren't Legal C．Creative Marketing Is Key to Genetic Testing D．DNA Testing Has Become a Booming Industry 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了DNA检测项目倾向于商业趋势，并列举了一些例子加以说明。指出DNA测试有一个美好的未来，但我们不能利用获得的数据来建立这个未来。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Lately, such projects have taken on a new, highly commercialized tendency. . In 2017, we got the “Marmite (马麦酱) gene project,” run by London-based genetic testing start-up DNAfit. It claims to show that love or hate for Marmite was in our genes. (最近，这类项目呈现出一种新的、高度商业化的趋势。2017年，我们得到了由伦敦基因检测初创公司DNAfit运营的“马麦酱基因项目”。它声称对马麦酱的爱或恨存在于我们的基因中。)”以及“The project turned into a full-blown marketing campaign, and even sold Marmite-branded DNA testing tools.(这个项目变成了一场全面的营销活动，甚至还出售了Marmite-brandedDNA检测工具)”以及下文提到的“AncestryDNA”，“ 23andMe”和两大检测公司的推广活动，可推断，作者提到DNAfit，AncestryDNA和23andMe是为了说明DNA的商业应用。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“I have skin in this game. I run a genetic-testing start-up that connects people who want their genome sequenced with researchers who want data to improve their understanding of genetic disease.(我与这场游戏有利害关系。我经营着一家基因检测初创公司，将那些想要基因组测序的人与想要数据以提高对遗传疾病理解的研究人员联系起来)”可知，从第4段的“I have skin in this game”中得知，作者在基因检测业务上有个人投资。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“We need to inform the public about what this is all about: that is, the gathering of large amounts of genetic data. We need better regulation to ensure that consumers are clear that this may happen with this sensitive personal information. A checkbox on a 20-page web document full of legal terms should not be enough.(我们需要告知公众这是怎么回事:也就是说，收集大量的基因数据。我们需要更好的监管，以确保消费者清楚，这些敏感的个人信息可能会发生这种情况。在一份20页的网页文件中，一个复选框是不够的)”以及最后一段“Scientists too, need to start asking hard questions about whether the information they are using has been sourced ethically. DNA testing has a great future, but we can't build this future with data acquired by any means.(科学家们也需要开始提出一些尖锐的问题，即他们所使用的信息的来源是否符合道德规范。DNA测试有一个美好的未来，但无论如何我们不能利用获得的数据来建立这个未来)”可知，最后两段主要讲了正确的基因检测的基本。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Genetic testing companies have a long history of creative attempts to reach the mainstream. An early example was the sequencing of rock star Ozzy Osbourne’s genes in 2010, with accompanying guess about how they might have influenced his drug habits.(长期以来，基因检测公司一直在创造性地尝试进入主流市场。一个早期的例子是2010年对摇滚明星奥兹·奥斯本的基因进行测序，并随之猜测这些基因可能如何影响了他的吸毒习惯)”结合文章主要说明了DNA检测项目倾向于商业趋势，并列举了一些例子加以说明。指出DNA测试有一个美好的未来，但我们不能利用获得的数据来建立这个未来。可推断，A选项“DNA绝不是营销工具”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海进才中学·期中)On April 1st millions of Americans watched as six numbered ping-pong balls tumbled out of (从……中滚出) a giant popcorn popper. The occasion was the latest drawing of Power ball, a multi-state lottery. The last draw offered punters (赌徒) a shot at a $1bn jackpot, the fifth-biggest in the game’s 32-year history. The odds of winning the jackpot are unimaginably low — just one in 292m for Power ball. Yet sales are at a record high. In 2023 Americans shelled out more than $100bn on state-run lotteries. Were they a single company, America’s lotteries would be the ninth-most profitable in the country. Why are lotteries so popular when the chances of winning are so low? For one, they are almost everywhere. Some 45 states, and the District of Columbia, operate them. Low prices mean that anyone can afford to play; vast jackpots add to the excitement. Moreover, proceeds tend to go to worthy causes, such as public education or programs for the elderly. Whereas casinos keep less than 10% of the money wagered (下注) on slot machines, state lotteries keep around 30% of ticket sales, on average. But the system is woefully regressive. An analysis of data obtained by The Economist through public-records requests finds that poorer households spend significantly more, in absolute terms, on lotteries than richer ones. As a share of income, the imbalance is even more striking. Using zip-code-level sales data from 24 states, we estimate that each 10% decrease in median household income is associated with a 4% increase in lottery spending. Age and ethnicity are also correlated with lottery sales:older and non-white Americans are more likely to play. But income is the most-important factor. In the poorest 1% of zip codes that have lottery retailers, the average American adults spend around $600 a year, or  nearly 5% of their income, on tickets. That compares with just $150, or 0.15%, for those in the richest 1% of zip codes. In other words, the poorest households spend roughly 30 times more on lotteries than richer ones, as a share of income. The pandemic appears to have made things worse. In 2021 the poorest 1% of households — flush with stimulus cheques — spent $100 more on lotteries than they did in 2019. The richest 1% spent just $10 more. 1．What are the mean reasons for the popularity of lotteries? A．Low price, moderate risk, and high payback. B．Appealing jackpot amount, high wining rate, and profitability. C．Profitability, possibility and generous social donation. D．Accessibility, affordability and public welfare promotion. 2．What does the underlined phrase “woefully regressive” mean in this context? A．Sadly declining. B．Severely unequal. C．Socially beneficial. D．Significantly influential. 3．What can we learn from Para. 5-6 ? A．The rich usually deprive the poor of their wealth through lottery system. B．An aged African-American woman is more likely to spend more on lotteries than a poor Anglo-Saxon White man. C．The poorest households spend much more on lotteries than the richer ones as a share of income but not as absolute numbers. D．Households in financial difficulties tend to wager a larger proportion of income on lotteries. 4．What is the best title for this article? A．Critical insight: the economics of American lotteries. B．Inspirational plan: make great fortune overnight. C．Silver Linings: the rise of modern “Great Catsby” D．American lotteries: the modern “blood diamond” business. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了美国彩票的相关情况，其受欢迎的原因，彩票系统存在严重的不平等现象，较贫困家庭在彩票上的花费占收入比例远高于富裕家庭等。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Why are lotteries so popular when the chances of winning are so low? For one, they are almost everywhere. Some 45 states, and the District of Columbia, operate them. Low prices mean that anyone can afford to play; vast jackpots add to the excitement. Moreover, proceeds tend to go to worthy causes, such as public education or programs for the elderly. (为什么中奖的几率如此之低，彩票却如此受欢迎？首先，它们几乎无处不在。大约有45个州和哥伦比亚特区运营这种游戏。低廉的价格意味着任何人都能负担得起；巨额头奖增加了人们的兴奋感。此外，收益往往流向有价值的事业，如公共教育或老年人项目。)”可知彩票受欢迎的主要原因是到处都有，即易获取，价格低，任何人都能买得起，收益用于公益事业，故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线短语下文“An analysis of data obtained by The Economist through public-records requests finds that poorer households spend significantly more, in absolute terms, on lotteries than richer ones. (《经济学人》通过索取公共记录获得的数据分析发现，从绝对值来看，贫困家庭在彩票上的花费明显高于富裕家庭。)”可知彩票系统存在严重的不平等现象，也就是woefully regressive意思“严重不平等”，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“In the poorest 1% of zip codes that have lottery retailers, the average American adults spend around $600 a year, or  nearly 5% of their income, on tickets. That compares with just $150, or 0.15%, for those in the richest 1% of zip codes. (在邮政编码中最贫穷的1%有彩票零售商的地区，美国成年人平均每年花在彩票上的钱约为600美元，占其收入的近5%。相比之下，邮政编码中最富有的1%的人的平均收入仅为150美元，或0.15%。)”和第六段“In other words, the poorest households spend roughly 30 times more on lotteries than richer ones, as a share of income. (换句话说，最贫穷的家庭在彩票上的花费占收入的比例大约是富裕家庭的30倍。)”可推知经济困难的家庭倾向于把收入的很大一部分用于买彩票。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通断全文，可知文章主要是对美国彩票进行了经济学分析，包括彩票受欢迎的原因、彩票系统存在严重的不平等现象，较贫困家庭在彩票上的花费占收入比例远高于富裕家庭等，所以A选项“批判性洞察力：美国彩票的经济学。”符合文章主旨大意，适合作标题，故选A。 Passage 3 (24-25高一上·上海松江区·期中)Vast stretches of central Asia feel uninhabited. The landscape of desert, steppe (大草原), and mountains seems to swallow up anything human. It is little surprise, then, that this region remains largely unknown to most archaeologists. Most archaeological work in Central Asia during the past century has focused on the open and rolling plains that stretch from the Black Sea to Manchuria. These steppes only came to life after 2000 B．C．, when horse domestication and riding suddenly turned a forbidding landscape for pedestrians into a natural highway of grass. By contrast, the areas to the south of the steppes have long been dismissed as backwaters of history. In the past, these southern mountains and deserts were considered too remote, rugged, and inhospitable to have played a role in early migrations or the emergence of urban life. Frachetti, who has studied modern-day pastoralists (放牧人), in such unforgiving landscapes as the Sahara and Scandinavia, was drawn to the southern region of Central Asia for its environmental diversity of desert, grassland, and meadows. Instead of a wasteland, he saw an ideal landscape for enterprising pastoralists who wanted to pasture their animals in all seasons. Together with his colleagues, Frachetti began digging a decade ago in the Dzhungar Mountains of Kazakhstan. Covering nearly 500 square miles, this region lies between the Tian Shan and Altai Mountain ranges, and boasts sharp peaks topping 12,000 feet, as well as harsh desert. More surprisingly, the researchers found wheat, which was first domesticated in the Fertile Crescent of the Middle East, and corn that was first widely grown in northern China. The grains were used ritually in a burial, and radiocarbon dating of the remains dates them to about 2200 B．C．, making them the oldest known domesticated grains in Central Asia. The people of Begash may not have grown either grain—there are no grinding stones, a sign of grain preparation—but instead received it via trade networks stretching from the Near East to China. Dorian Fuller, a leading expert in ancient grains based at University College London, calls the finds “important and well dated.” He adds that Chinese crops such as corn began to appear in southwest Asia around 1900 B．C．, a few centuries after they reached Begash, which could mean the passage through the mountain regions was a means of gradual transmission from east to west. Frachetti proposes that the grains may have been acquired from other tribes and used for ritual purposes, and then perhaps were passed on to other pastoral peoples. What makes the Begash discoveries so important is that previously this region was assumed to have been a land of scattered hunters until steppe peoples went down into the area’s valleys and mountain ranges after 2000 B．C． But it is becoming evident that the people of Begash were not simple hunters, but sophisticated pastoralists who tended their flocks, much as people in the area still do today. The inhabitants did not begin to use horses until well into the second millennium B．C．, and the varieties of sheep and goat found here today appear to be related to the varieties first domesticated thousands of years before in western Iran, near ancient Mesopotamia. This indicates that Begash was “at the crossroads of extremely wide networks among Eurasian communities by the third millennium B．C．,” asserts Frachetti. 1．According to the passage, what made the steppes accessible to travelers? A．Running into a natural highway B．Turning a forbidding landscape C．Raising horses D．Riding motorcycles 2．Frachetti was initially interested in the areas to the south of the steppes because of ________. A．their varied geographical features B．their harsh climate and terrain C．their role in the emergence of urban life D．their location in the trade route to the north 3．Which of the following statements about the wheat and corn found in Begash is CORRECT? A．They were early signs of agriculture there. B．They were the result of trading with China. C．They were mainly used in religious rituals. D．They were probably given by other tribes. 4．What is the significance of the Begash discoveries? A．Supporting that people in the area lived basically as hunters. B．Proposing new views about the region came into being. C．Questioning the idea that Begash was at the center of the trading network. D．Indicating that Begash was part of the Eurasian community. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中亚地区的考古发现，尤其是贝加什地区的发现，挑战了人们对该地区历史的传统认知，揭示了其在早期欧亚交流中的重要地位。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“These steppes only came to life after 2000 B.C., when horse domestication and riding suddenly turned a forbidding landscape for pedestrians into a natural highway of grass. (这些草原在公元前2000年后才变得活跃起来，当时马匹的驯化和骑行突然将这片对行人来说令人生畏的土地变成了天然的草原通道)”可知，是马匹的驯化让草原变得便于旅行者通行。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Frachetti, who has studied modern-day pastoralists (放牧人), in such unforgiving landscapes as the Sahara and Scandinavia, was drawn to the southern region of Central Asia for its environmental diversity of desert, grassland, and meadows. (弗拉切蒂曾在撒哈拉沙漠和斯堪的纳维亚半岛等环境恶劣的地区研究过现代放牧人，而中亚南部地区因兼具沙漠、草原和草地等多样的环境，吸引了他的目光)”可知，弗拉切蒂最初对草原南部地区感兴趣是因为其多样的地理特征。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“The people of Begash may not have grown either grain—there are no grinding stones, a sign of grain preparation—but instead received it via trade networks stretching from the Near East to China. (贝加什人可能既没有种植这两种谷物——因为这里没有研磨石（研磨石是谷物加工的标志）——而是通过从近东延伸至中国的贸易网络获得的)”以及第五段“Frachetti proposes that the grains may have been acquired from other tribes and used for ritual purposes, and then perhaps were passed on to other pastoral peoples. (弗拉切蒂提出，这些谷物可能是从其他部落获得的，用于宗教仪式，之后或许又传给了其他游牧民族)”可知，在贝加什发现的小麦和玉米很可能是其他部落给予的。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第六段“What makes the Begash discoveries so important is that previously this region was assumed to have been a land of scattered hunters until steppe peoples went down into the area’s valleys and mountain ranges after 2000 B.C. But it is becoming evident that the people of Begash were not simple hunters, but sophisticated pastoralists who tended their flocks, much as people in the area still do today. (贝加什的发现之所以如此重要，是因为此前人们认为，在公元前2000年草原民族进入该地区的山谷和山脉之前，这片区域只是零散猎人的栖息地。但越来越明显的是，贝加什人并非简单的猎人，而是精通放牧之道的牧民，他们照料着自己的牲畜，就像如今该地区的人们所做的那样)”可知，贝加什的发现的意义在于提出了关于该地区历史的新观点，挑战了传统认知。故选B项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 (23-24高一上·上海徐汇区·期中)You may have seen white-faced capuchin monkeys (卷尾猴) before, whether at a zoo or in a popular movie. These medium-sized monkeys are found in Central America and northern South America. They have a mostly black-haired body and white hair on their face and shoulders. The cap of black fur on their head resembles the hoods(兜帽) that Capuchin monks in Italy wore, and that’s where the name came from. Another fascinating feature of these monkeys is their long tail, which acts like a third hand. Capuchin monkeys use their tail to hang on to tree branches to support their body weight while looking for food. While they eat fruit and nuts, they also enjoy insects, frogs, and lizards. Since they spread various fruit seeds through their feces(粪便) and eat insects that are harmful to trees, they contribute a lot to the preservations of forests. Capuchin monkeys are very social and live in groups of 20 members or so. A group of capuchins is known as a troop or a barrel. Troops are mainly made up of females, who remain in the same troop their whole lives, while males change troops about every four years. Communication and social activities play a significant role among monkeys in a troop because they help form social bonds. A curious example is “hand sniffing,” where the monkeys stick their fingers in front of each other’s nose. Outside the forests, capuchin monkeys are not only used by humans for their acting abilities. These intelligent animals have small fingers and are gifted with fine motor skills. They can be trained to do many tasks that humans with disabilities cannot do, like turning the pages of a book or picking up dropped objects. Therefore, the white-faced capuchin can be important assistants and companions for some disabled people. 1．How did white-faced capuchin monkeys get their name? A．They appeared in popular films with Capuchin monks. B．Their fur crowns look like the hoods of Capuchin monks. C．They are found in regions where Capuchin monks live. D．They used to be kept by Capuchin monks as pets. 2．According to the passage, what contribution do white-faced capuchins make to forests? A．They help keep the trees healthy. B．They make forest soil more fertile. C．They reduce the risk of forest fires. D．They eat plants that damage forests. 3．Which of the following aspect is NOT mentioned in the passage? A．Diet. B．Behavior. C．Threats. D．Appearance. 4．Why are white-faced capuchin monkeys used as human helpers? A．They are very friendly and loyal to humans. B．They are strong enough to carry heavy things. C．They are smart and can perform different tasks. D．They are good at making faces and acting. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了白脸卷尾猴这种动物的特征、习性等情况。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The cap of black fur on their head resembles the hoods(兜帽) that Capuchin monks in Italy wore, and that’s where the name came from.(他们头上的黑色毛皮帽类似于意大利卷尾猴僧侣戴的兜帽，这就是这个名字的由来)”可知，白脸卷尾猴的名字由来是因为它们的毛皮王冠看起来像卷尾猴僧侣的兜帽。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Since they spread various fruit seeds through their feces(粪便) and eat insects that are harmful to trees, they contribute a lot to the preservations of forests.(由于它们通过粪便传播各种水果种子，并吃对树木有害的昆虫，它们对保护森林做出了很大贡献)”可知，白面卷尾猴对森林的贡献是帮助保持树木健康。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第一段“They have a mostly black-haired body and white hair on their face and shoulders.(他们的身体大多是黑色的毛发，脸上和肩膀上有白色的毛发)”提到了外貌；第二段“While they eat fruit and nuts, they also enjoy insects, frogs, and lizards.(虽然它们吃水果和坚果，但它们也喜欢昆虫、青蛙和蜥蜴)”提到了饮食；最后一段“These intelligent animals have small fingers and are gifted with fine motor skills. They can be trained to do many tasks that humans with disabilities cannot do, like turning the pages of a book or picking up dropped objects. (这些聪明的动物有细小的手指，具有精细的运动技能。通过训练，它们可以完成许多残疾人无法完成的任务，比如翻页或捡起掉在地上的东西)”提到了行为。可知，文章中没有提到威胁。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“These intelligent animals have small fingers and are gifted with fine motor skills. They can be trained to do many tasks that humans with disabilities cannot do, like turning the pages of a book or picking up dropped objects. Therefore, the white-faced capuchin can be important assistants and companions for some disabled people.(这些聪明的动物有细小的手指，具有精细的运动技能。通过训练，它们可以完成许多残疾人无法完成的任务，比如翻页或捡起掉在地上的东西。因此，白面卷尾猴可以成为一些残疾人的重要助手和同伴)”可知，白脸卷尾猴被用作人类的帮手因为他们很聪明，可以执行不同的任务。故选C。 Passage 2 (23-24高一上·上海青浦区·期中)For many years, ships that wanted to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific or from the Pacific to the Atlantic had to sail around South America. The trip took weeks and was very dangerous. To make the route shorter and safter, it was decided to build a canal (运河). Panama was chosen because it is the narrowest country in the Americas. The French started building the canal as early as 1880, but their attempt failed after 21,900 people died of diseases and accidents. The Americans finally completed the project, and the Panama Canal opened in 1914. When the Panama Canal opened in 1914, ships were able to make the trip between oceans in approximately 10 hours. The locks in the canal have been called one of the seven wonders of the modern world. The 48-mile-long Panama Canal was dug through the country of Panama. To pass between oceans, ships must actually go up. In fact, to travel through the canal, ships are raised 85 feet above sea level and then lowered again. A ship enters the canal and sails to the first series of locks. Each lock is a huge compartment(分隔的空间) made of concrete walls and metal doors at each end. When one set of doors opens, the ship enters the lock. The doors close, and water flows into the lock, raising the ship until the water level equals the level in the next lock. At that time, the doors open to allow the ship to move into the next lock. When the doors close, the same process continues to raise the ship again. On either end of the canal, three sets of locks raise and lower ships. After the third lock, the ship enters Gatun Lake, sails about 23 miles, and begins its descent through the series of locks. To lower the ship, the locks work in reverse, allowing water to flow out of the lock until the water level is the same as the next lock. In this way, the ship reaches sea level and moves out into the ocean. Over one million ships have passed through the Panama Canal since it opened. It has proven to be very important to world trade. In 2016, the canal was expanded to allow wider ships to pass through it, proving it will be a vital part of the world for many years to come. 1．Which of the following is the correct order of the events? ① The ship enters a lock. ② Water flows into the lock to raise the water level. ③ The doors close. ④ The doors open and the ship move out. A．④③②① B．③①②④ C．①③②④ D．③②④① 2．We can infer from the article that the Panama Canal ______. A．is the narrowest canal in the world B．was easy to construct C．is an important link in global shipping D．will be closed in the near future 3．Which word in paragraph 4 probably means “a journey downward”? A．reverse B．series C．process D．descent 4．According to the passage, the Panama Canal was built ______. A．to shorten the trip between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans B．to raise and lower the water level in the locks C．so that ships could travel to Panama from other countries D．so that people could enjoy the beautiful view of Gatun Lake 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了修建巴拿马运河的原因，船只怎样通过巴拿马运河以及巴拿马运河的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第四段“A ship enters the canal and sails to the first series of locks. Each lock is a huge compartment(分隔的空间) made of concrete walls and metal doors at each end. When one set of doors opens, the ship enters the lock. The doors close, and water flows into the lock, raising the ship until the water level equals the level in the next lock. At that time, the doors open to allow the ship to move into the next lock. (一艘船进入运河，驶向第一组船闸。每个船闸都是一个巨大的隔间，由混凝土墙和两端的金属门组成。当一扇门打开时，船就进入了船闸。门关上了，水流入船闸，使船升高，直到水位与下一个船闸的水位相等。这时，船门打开，允许船只进入下一个船闸。)”可知应是船先进入船闸，然后门关上，水流入船闸，使船升高，最后门打开，船开走，故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Over one million ships have passed through the Panama Canal since it opened. It has proven to be very important to world trade. In 2016, the canal was expanded to allow wider ships to pass through it, proving it will be a vital part of the world for many years to come. (自巴拿马运河开通以来，已有100多万艘船只通过。事实证明，它对世界贸易非常重要。2016年，运河进行了扩建，允许更宽的船只通过，这证明了它在未来许多年里仍将是世界的重要组成部分。)”可推断巴拿马运河是全球航运的重要环节，故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据题干中的“a journey downward (向下的旅程)”，可知应该在原文中找到向下，下降的单词。再结合第四段最后两句“After the third lock, the ship enters Gatun Lake, sails about 23 miles, and begins its descent through the series of locks. To lower the ship, the locks work in reverse, allowing water to flow out of the lock until the water level is the same as the next lock. In this way, the ship reaches sea level and moves out into the ocean. (经过第三个水闸后，船进入加通湖，航行约23英里，并开始通过一系列水闸下降。为了降低船身，船闸会反向工作，让水从船闸流出，直到水位与下一个船闸相同。通过这种方式，船到达海平面并驶进海洋。)”可知水闸下降来降低船身向下运行，所以decent和“a journey downward”同义，故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据第一段“For many years, ships that wanted to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific or from the Pacific to the Atlantic had to sail around South America. The trip took weeks and was very dangerous. (多年来，想要从大西洋到太平洋或从太平洋到大西洋的船只必须绕过南美洲。这次旅行花了几个星期，而且非常危险。)”和第二段“To make the route shorter and safter, it was decided to build a canal (运河). (为了使这条路线更短、更安全，人们决定修建一条运河。)”可知巴拿马运河的建造缩短了大西洋和太平洋之间的航程。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解之说明文 一、主题01人与自我（基础） Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海建平中学·期中)Moving hospitals out of paper records and into digital connectivity has been tougher than anyone but hard-core skeptics (怀疑论者) thought seven years ago, when the federal government began pouring billions of dollars into a push to make electronic medical records the universal standard. Computerization of health care data would quickly get patients’ health information where it needs to go, improving care and cutting costs. That was the idea — but the path to it has been rocky. Overall, progress has been blocked, among other obstacles, by reluctance to share information with competitors, software from different suppliers that can’t communicate, physicians who have pushed back at hospitals where they had to struggle with unaccustomed computerized routines and the expense, often exceeding $1 billion in large hospital systems, of retooling outdated computers. As things now stand, medical records are often incomplete and vital patient information is frequently hiding on health care islands — parked at one large health system but inaccessible to a hospital outside the system where that same patient may have just arrived in the Emergency Room. Or records aren’t sent to primary care providers, leaving them in the dark about the course of a patient’s treatments. Amid continued concerns that digitized patient data still isn’t getting to the point of care, and facing pressure from providers and lawmakers who argue that hospitals and other health organizations are being forced to do too much too fast despite the perception that they should be well down the road, the Department of Health and Human Services recently issued final rules on an advanced set of requirements to make electronic health information more readily available to clinicians. The new standards are promised to be simpler and more flexible, responding to complaints from hospitals and physicians. The big picture of hospital connectivity in the U. S. today is “deeply negative,” says Eric Topol, author of “The Patient Will See You Now”. “There’s been tremendous resources put into this and little to show for it,” he says. “We have a country characterized by information-blocking, where there is a lack of connectivity from one health system to another, and patients are the victims because of all this Tower of Babel.” Topol points out that countries from Australia to Estonia have broken down barriers to information sharing and given patients greater ownership of their health care by putting their data into their own hands. He believes this model should replace the current “paternalistic (家长式作风的)” system where the control of patient information remains firmly with hospitals and other health providers. Many places around the world have instead adopted the patients-own-their-data model, Topol says. “Then you don’t worry so much about blocking, because the patient has the goods.” 1．Why did federal government decide to make electronic medical records? A．To satisfy demands from hard-core skeptics. B．To improve the efficiency of health care service. C．To be greener by abandoning paper records. D．To erase the competitions among different hospitals. 2．The path to electronic medical records was blocked by _______. A．a lack of universal standard B．the absence of qualified software supplies C．doctors’ reluctance to use computer D．large cost of updating computers 3．What made the Department of Health and Human Services issue the final rule? A．The perception that hospital is going the wrong road. B．Pressure from patients to receive immediate medical treatment. C．Concerns over the accessibility of the electronic medical data. D．Complaints about the simplicity of the old standard. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Hospitals are moving slowly to electronic medical records. B．Physicians are getting accustomed to computerized routines. C．“Paternalistic” system is widely accepted by the patients in the U. S.. D．Patients should have control over their digital medical data. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海交通大学附属中学·期中)Some people have said aging is more a slide into forgetfulness than a journey towards wisdom. However, a growing body of research suggests that late-in-life learning is possible. In reality, education does an aging brain good. Throughout life, people’s brains constantly renovate themselves. In the late 1960s, British brain scientist Geoffrey Raisman spied growth in damaged brain regions of rats through an electron microscope; their brains were forming new connections. This meant brains may change every time a person learns something new. Of course, that doesn’t mean the brain isn’t affected by the effects of time. Just as height usually declines over the years, so does brain volume: Humans lose about 4 percent every decade starting in their 40s. But that reduction doesn’t necessarily make people think slower; as long as we are alive and functioning, we can alter our brains with new information and experiences. In fact, scientists now suspect accumulating novel experiences, facts, and skills can keep people’s minds more flexible. New pathways can strengthen our ever-changing mental structure, even as the brain shrinks. Conventional fixes like word puzzles and brain-training apps can contribute to mental durability. Even something as simple as taking a different route to the grocery store or going somewhere new on vacation can keep the brain healthy. A desire for new life challenges can further boost power. Research about aging adults who take on new enterprises shows improved function and memory as well as a reduced risk of mental disease. Openness — a characteristic defined by curiosity and a desire for knowledge — may also help folks pass brain tests. Some folks are born with this take-in-the-world attitude, but those who aren’t as genetically gifted aren’t necessarily out of luck. While genes can encourage an interest in doing new things, a 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging found completing reasoning tasks like puzzles and number games can enhance that desire for novel experiences, which can, in turn, refresh the brain. That’s why brain scientist Richard Kennedy says “It’s not that old dogs can’t learn new tricks. It’s that maybe old dogs don’t realize why they should.” 1．What do some people think of aging adults? A．Their wisdom grows as time goes by in their long life. B．They can benefit from late-in-life learning and gain wisdom. C．Their memory gradually becomes inferior to that of the past. D．They are likely to have mental health issues due to forgetfulness. 2．What can we conclude from Geoffrey Raisman’s finding? A．Brain damage seriously hinders one’s learning. B．Brains can refresh and improve with learning. C．Brain power weakens slower than we imagine. D．Brains forge connections under new conditions. 3．What is one thing that helps maintain the health of our brain even as it shrinks? A．Doing daily routines by conventional means B．Avoiding worrying about our mental durability C．Imitating old dogs’ way of learning new tricks D．Approaching everyday tasks in novel ways 4．What is the finding of the 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging? A．Wishing to solve puzzles enhances one’s reasoning power B．Playing number games unexpectedly stimulates one’s memory C．Desiring new experiences can help to renovate the brain D．Learning new tricks should not be confined to old dogs only Passage 3 (24-25高一上·上海第二中学·期中)For years, caffeine has been the “drug” of choice in many cultures. Caffeine has been considered socially acceptable because it is found in drinks like tea or coffee. People who consume a lot of caffeine- based drinks may think they are addicted because they depend heavily on the substance. But if they stop using such drinks, they will experience slightly uncomfortable symptoms for a few days. The real addiction may be emotional. Many people claim they cannot start their day unless they get their “fix”, which is, in many cases, a cup or two cups of coffee. Even young people who may not touch tea or coffee are still putting caffeine into their bodies when they have energy drinks, which have high amounts of caffeine. Caffeine is a bitter substance found in coffee, tea, soft drinks, chocolate, kola nuts, and some medicines. It has many effects on the body, including helping to activate the central nervous system. This can make you more awake and give you increased energy. America's National Institutes of Health (NIH) says drinking two to four cups of coffee a day is not harmful to most people. But it warns that too much caffeine can make people irritable and worried. It may also cause headaches, abnormal heartbeats and other problems. The NIH says women who are pregnant or breast-feeding should limit their consumption of caffeine. And it says caffeine may affect how the body reacts to some drugs and vitamins. It suggests talking with a doctor if you have questions. Would you like a drink of coffee or tea? A mathematical study showed that few people have Type 2 diabetes in countries where people drink a lot of tea. It showed that tea - especially black tea - might be the best choice. It found black tea is better for your health than coffee. However, coffee is one of the world's most popular drinks - perhaps the most popular. Results of a large American study may help to make it even more popular. The study showed that drinking coffee might help reduce the risk of oral or pharyngeal cancer, a deadly form of cancer. 1．What does the author mainly intend to express in the first paragraph? A．Caffeine withdrawal (戒断, 脱瘾) symptoms are incredibly serious. B．Energy drinks also contain large amounts of caffeine. C．Caffeine is socially accepted and emotionally addictive. D．Drinking tea or coffee is bad for health. 2．The underlined word “irritable” in paragraph 3 probably means _________. A．energetic B．angry C．calm D．ashamed 3．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．Drinking coffee can help cure oral cancer. B．Caffeine can help the body absorb the vitamins. C．Drinking coffee all day has no effect on most people. D．Pregnant women should avoid drinking coffee. 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海七宝中学·期中)LONDON is a city made for walking. Unlike, for instance, Los Angeles, its centre is easily accessible on foot. Outer boroughs (行政区) are no more than an hour or two away. Its curved streets, in contrast to the rigid grid (刚性网格) of New York, welcome lazy wanderers and busy commuters alike. But despite traffic queues and crowded underground carriages, most preferred to drive or to squeeze on to the Tube to get around the city. This is starting to change. Between 2001 and 2011, the number of trips made daily on foot in London increased by 12%. Nearly a third of the Londoners sampled made a continuous walk of 30 minutes once a week to get from place to place, rather than for exercise. One of the largest changes in the city over the past decade is the number of pedestrians, says Michele Dix of Transport for London (TfL), which runs the city’s transport networks. It launched the Roads Task Force, with plans to improve pavements. Several reasons account for the walking boom. The number of Londoners increased by 12% from 7.3 million in 2001 to 8.2 million in 2011, and Tube trains are getting old- fashioned and overcrowded. But other factors also encourage pedestrians. In 2004 Ken Livingstone, then mayor of London, swore to make London a “walkable city”. Some of his plans were carried on by Boris Johnson, the mayor. These include a scheme to create clearly-marked maps for use across the city. Of 33 boroughs in London, 22 now have the typical yellow- branded signs on their streets. All TfL-owned property (such as Tube stations and bicycle- hi re points) is covered by the scheme. This prevents tourists from popping on the Tube to travel one stop from Covent Garden to Leicester Square, a distance of 0.3 mile. Streets are also becoming more pedestrian- friendly. Exhibition Road in South Kensington was redeveloped in 2011. Pavements were replaced by better- quality bricks. Fewer cars now go down the road, which stretches from Hyde Park to the museums and restaurants around the station, encouraging moving crowds of pedestrians. Londoners may also be more aware of the advantages of walking. Health campaigns like the NHS’s ‘LiveWell’ emphasize that walking is the easiest form of exercise. Rubber wrist band pedometers (计步器), such as ‘FitBit’ and ‘FuelBand’, are also increasingly popular. 1．From the first paragraph, it can be learned that _________. A．It’s within walking distance for Londoners to go between different boroughs B．You can see many people rushing or walking round you along the London streets C．Londoners enjoy taking the crowded subway to travel through the city D．It is not allowed gradually to drive or take the tube in the city center of London 2．Which of the following statements about TfL (Transport for London) is NOT true? A．It launched the Roads Task Force. B．It runs the city’s transport networks. C．It owns properties such as Tube stations. D．It aims to create clearly-marked maps for use. 3．This passage mainly talks about _________. A．Londoners’ healthy lifestyle B．the encouragement for people to walk C．a city which is suitable for walking D．London’s walking boom and its reasons Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海外国语大学附属外国语学校松江云间中学·期中)Every day, Lucy Dong and her best friend Amy Zhu wake at 7 a.m.—7.10 a.m. If they are lucky-rush through their breakfast of steamed buns and noodles, and head off to what may be the best schooling system in the world. The 10-year-olds, who are natives of Shanghai. study in 35-minute bursts from around 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., with a small break for lunch—and a class meeting — sandwiched in the middle. Outside school hours, the girls’ lives are lots of extra-curricular activities: English class, flute class, drumming class, handwriting class, calligraphy class, Taekwondo training, modelling lessons and choir practice. Shanghai was crowned (加冕) — for the second time — the champion of the Programme for International Student Assesment (PISA．, which compares the maths, reading and science skills of some 510,00 secondary school students around the world). Some experts question the value of comparing cities and countries. Others point out that Shanghai’s relatively well-funded schools and well-paid teachers are not representative (代表) of the Chinese education system as a whole. Even so, the latest results are likely to see more and more educators flock east in search of the mega-city’s magic formula. Professor Kong Lingshuai of the College of Education at Shanghai Normal University has studied the city’s PISA successes. He says that the secret is a mix of “traditional elements and modern elements”. The former is related to the high expectations of “tiger” parents, and a belief in Chinese children from a young age that effort is crucial to gaining a good education. The “modern elements” include Shanghai’s willingness to constantly adapt its curriculum and teaching practices; its focus on improving under-achieving schools by pairing them with those that excel; its openness to foreign ideas; and the introduction of performance-related pay. An obsession with (痴迷于) training has also been the key, says Prof. Kong. As of last year, new teachers have to undergo a standardized, one-year training course before starting in the classroom. Once qualified, they are required to complete at least 240 hours’ training in their first five years, including online learning, paper reading. essay writing and so on. Teachers are also encouraged to attend each other’s classes to promote a culture of “idea sharing, exchanging and positive competition”. Outsiders often dismiss China’s educational system as a pressure-cooker-style craze of exams that places too much emphasis on rote-learning and does little to stimulate creativity. But in Shanghai at least, that may be starting to change. Authorities are attempting to move away from testing that relies too heavily on memorizing facts and figures, and some schools are also giving students more time to play, rather than just study. 1．The author mentions Lucy Dong and Amy Zhu in the first 3 paragraphs to ______. A．praise the hard work of these two girls B．give readers the whole picture of Chinese education C．show what education in Shanghai looks like D．criticize the burden the education brings on them 2．Why do some experts challenge the result that Shanghai ranked 1 “in PISA test?” A．Because the value of PISA, which only tests 510,000 students globally, receives doubt. B．Because Shanghai has got more attention and resources from the central government. C．Because only maths, reading and science skills are compared in PISA test, which is not enough. D．Because Shanghai has a better system of financial support for schools as well as for teachers. 3．Which of the following is closest in meaning to “dismiss” in the last paragraph? A．To give credit for something. B．To think about something differently. C．To think negatively of something. D．To claim the features of something 4．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Strict parents contribute little to the academic success of their children. B．Students have more free time to spend on their interest across China. C．Under-achieving schools are usually displaced by those academically competitive schools. D．Many education researchers are getting to Shanghai to study the phenomenon. Passage 3 (24-25高一上·上海育才中学·期中)A peer is a person who is about the same age as you. Peers affect your life, whether you know it or not, just by spending time with you. Peers can have a good effect on one another. Maybe another student in your science class taught you an easy way to remember the planets in solar system. Maybe you got others excited about your new favorite book and now everyone’s reading it. However, sometimes peers affect one another in another way. For example, one kid in school might try to get another to cut class with him, your soccer friend might try to persuade you to be mean to another player and never pass her the ball, or a kid in the neighborhood might want you to steal things with him. Some kids give in to peer pressure because they want to be liked, to fit in, or because they worry that other kids may make fun of them if they don’t go along with the group. Others may go along because they are curious to try something new that others are doing. The idea that “everyone’ s doing it’ may influence some kids to leave their better judgments or their common senses behind. Peer pressure can be extremely strong and hard to get rid of. Experiments have shown how peer pressure can influence someone to change her/ his mind from what she/ he knows for sure is a correct answer to the incorrect answer— just because everyone else gives the incorrect answer! That holds true for people of any age in peer pressure situations. It can be hard to walk away from peer pressure, but it can be done. Paying attention to your own feelings and beliefs about what is right and wrong can help you know the right thing to do. Inner strength and self-confidence can help you stand firm, walk away and resist doing something when you know better. 1．The writer will NOT agree that ________. A．only children change their correct answers under peer pressure. B．Peers will believe in themselves if other peers agree with them. C．peers have effect on each other whether the effect is good or not. D．Peer pressure is very strong and difficult for people to get rid of. 2．The writer intends to ________ by writing the passage. A．encourage people to follow others’ opinions. B．warn people to stay away from their peers. C．tell people it is hard to be away from peer pressure. D．advise people to do the right despite peer pressure. 3．All of the following aspects are concerned in the passage EXCEPT ________. A．The definition of the peer and how it affects life. B．The reason why kids have stronger peer pressure. C．The way peers influence each other in daily life. D．The way peer pressure influences our judgment. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Peer pressure has a good effect. B．Peer pressure is hard to resist. C．Children give in to peer pressure. D．Peer pressure always does harm. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 (23-24高一上·上海五校联考·期中)Fishy Weather Conditions Laj amanu, Australia, is a dry little town, sitting right on the edge of the Tanami desert. Can you imagine how surprised people were when live fish rained down on them from a dark gray cloud. It happens that there are similar cases in England and Honduras. How do clouds make fishy? The simple answer is that they don’t. There is a particular weather phenomenon (现象) called a waterspout. A waterspout is just like a tornado (龙卷风), only it forms above oceans, lakes, or rivers. Like a tornado, a waterspout moves in a circle at high speeds. When it moves above the water, it tends to carry the fish with it, as well as frogs or other small plants or animals. Scientists couldn’t work it out at first. To make matters stranger still, the fish in Honduras were very much alive when they rained down to the ground, but they were all blind. In England and Australia, it rained fish and snakes, and none were blind. It was difficult to puzzle out, but the blind fish gave them a place to start. Scientists knew that some fish that lived in deep, underground caves with no light sources often lost their eyesight. So when blind fish rained down on Honduras, scientists began to connect some clues (线索，提示). Clearly, these particular fish were pulled from an underground water source by force. It has rained fish on every continent, and each time, people have tried in various ways to explain this strange phenomenon. Historically, villagers thought the “fishes from the heavens” might be answers to prayers (祈祷) for food. Others suggested that floods overran river banks and oceans, leaving the fish on the city streets. No scientist had actually seen the rain as it occurred, only the fish left on the ground. But in 1990, a National Geographic team happened to be in Honduras when the Rain of Fishes began. They recorded what was happening and made history by finally proving that the fish really did fall from the sky. This huge breakthrough wasn’t just a spot of good luck. It changed thousands of years of myths (虚构的事；谬论) and legends into true stories and provided scientific explanations for how fish came to live in deep caves. It explained ancient cave paintings and cast (投射光线) new light on how species have spread over time. It turned out to be a lot more than just a little fishy weather. 1．According to the passage, a waterspout ________. A．can make animals blind B．is difficult to catch on film C．can carry items (物品) with it D．is a dangerous sea creature 2．The blind fish made the scientists start to think that ________. A．raining fish was a warning of natural disasters B．animals changed to match their environments C．the weather system differed from place to place D．the waterspout theory seemed more possible 3．The first sentence in the last paragraph probably suggests that ________. A．waterspouts came to be a center of scientific research B．the scientists were fortunate to have made their discoveries C．hard work went into determining the cause for the raining fish D．the scientists relied heavily on unusual events to drive their studies 4．The author writes the passage to ________. A．explain what caused the fishy weather B．describe the magic phenomenon C．persuade people to protect the environment D．encourage people to do scientific research Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海普陀区·期中)Going vegan or vegetarian is one way to decrease your diet’s impact on greenhouse gas emissions (排放) — but it isn’t the only way. A recent Purdue University study suggests that smaller changes can make a difference too, while improving your health. After analyzing the 2010 grocery purchases of more than 57,000 U.S. families, Purdue researchers found 71 percent could reduce their food carbon footprint by making some changes. One is to skip the unhealthy snacks. Avoiding foods with high calorie is important and low nutritional value can reduce the total carbon footprint of U.S. family food consumption by nearly 10 percent. Items like candy, soda, and packaged snacks take more ingredients and more processing, which translates to higher environmental impacts. Another effective way to reduce your carbon emissions is to avoid bulk buys. Households of one or two people may end up with food waste when they try to save money with bulk buys. Before you buy supersize, consider whether a three-pound jar of peanut butter will go bad before it’s used up. The researchers of the study also suggest consuming fewer ready-made foods. One average microwave meal may not have a very large carbon footprint. But buying them regularly can add up to high emissions because ready-made foods are sold in large quantities, which makes their carbon footprint significant, the study found. By making the above changes, the U.S. could cut more than a quarter of emissions from household food consumption, the researchers say. That’s about 36 million metric tons — about what 6.6 million households generate in a year of electricity use. “Collective action can make a huge impact,” says study co-author Hua Cai. 1．Why does the author mention being a vegetarian in Paragraph 1? A．To encourage us to become vegetarians. B．To introduce the findings of a recent study. C．To illustrate the impact of greenhouse gas emission. D．To tell readers it’s not a good way to help the environment. 2．How many methods are suggested by the study to reduce our food carbon footprint? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 3．What do the underlined words “bulk buys” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Buying things in quantity. B．Buying things of low quality. C．Buying things out of date. D．Buying things of low price. 4．What might Hua Cai mean by saying “Collective action can make a huge impact”? A．We should collect some materials to make a difference. B．We should take measures quickly to make a difference. C．We should make efforts together to make a difference. D．We should avoid all unhealthy food to make a difference. 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (23-24高一上·上海中学·期中)In spite of “endless talk of difference”, American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This includes the uniformity in clothing and communication, as well as the casualness and lack of respect seen in popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered a wide range of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of fancy shops catering to the upper-class, these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background.” This turned shopping into a public and democratic (民主的) act. The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. Immigrants are quickly adapting to this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at remarkable levels nor resistant to assimilation (融合). In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indicators of assimilation — language, home ownership and intermarriage. The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual (双语的) and good at English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence, America is described as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans. Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians. Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States are not influenced by the nation’s assimilative power.” Are there divisive issues and anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s troubled past, today’s social Indicators hardly suggest a dark and worsening social environment. 1．The underlined phrase in paragraph 1 probably means ________. A．making people adapt to American consumption culture B．encouraging people to embrace a democratic lifestyle C．encouraging people to stick to their own ideas and principles D．making people behave more similarly in many aspects 2．According to the passage, what can be inferred about the immigrants now in the U.S.? A．Their adaptation to the common culture is quick but harmful to the society. B．The scale of immigration is not big and the immigrants welcome American culture. C．Their children are good at both English and their original language. D．Hispanic and Asian-American women both prefer to marry native-born Americans. 3．The author mentions Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks in paragraph 4 to ________. A．provide examples of successful immigrants B．suggest the weakness of America’s assimilative power C．show the powerful influence of American culture D．prove their popularity at home and abroad 4．What is the author’s general attitude towards the cultural assimilation in American society? A．Optimistic. B．Concerned. C．Neutral. D．Negative. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海安亭高级中学·期中)For many years, humans have tried to find the secret to staying young. Although it has yet to be discovered, we may be closer than ever to finding a way that can slow down the aging process. A recent study by researchers from Duke University in the US found that cutting one’s daily intake of calories (卡路里) could slow down biological aging, which means you might be able to hang on to your youthful looks a little longer. Previous research has shown that calorie restrictions slow aging in worms, flies and mice. So researchers wondered if it could have the same effect on people. To find out, Daniel Belsky and her team examined data from a study by the National Institute on Aging, based in the US, which involved 220 people. During the two-year study, 145 people in the restriction group cut their calorie intake by 25 percent. Meanwhile, 75 people in the control group maintained their normal diets. At the start of the study, the two groups had no difference in biological age. The average participant was 38 years old, with a biological age of 37. However, after each 12-month period, participants in the restriction group saw an increase in biological age by an average of 0.1l years. Meanwhile, those in the control group saw a rise by an average of 0.71 years. The researchers believe the difference between these groups shows that cutting calories does slow biological aging. Although they didn’t explain the reason behind this, researchers at Brigham Young University in the US provided an explanation after they carried out a similar study on mice. They believe fewer calories slow down a mechanism in cells called the ribosome (核糖体), at least in mice. The mechanism is responsible for making vital proteins in cells, but with fewer calories it slows down, giving it more time to repair itself. The ribosome is complex like a car, and it needs to replace the parts that wear out the fastest from time to time, according to John Price, a biochemistry professor at Brigham Young University. “When tires wear out, you don’t throw the whole car away and buy new ones. It’s easier to replace the tires,” Price told VOA． But this doesn’t mean that people who want to look younger should start skipping meals, especially given the study’s early stage. Proper nutrition is important, Price explained. “Food isn’t just material to be burned — it’s a signal that tells our body and cells how to respond,” he told Science Daily. 1．The purpose of the research was to _____ A．find the most efficient way to control calorie intake. B．explain why people have to maintain a normal diet. C．test the influence of calorie restrictions on aging. D．invent technology that keeps people young and healthy. 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE about the experiment? A．All the participants were of the same biological age at the start. B．The biological age of people in the control group increased more than those in the restriction group. C．Flies and mice were used to compare the results of the human test with. D．Some participants were asked to double the amount of food they ate. 3．According to John Price, _____ A．the ribosome is an important cell that controls the aging process. B．a higher level of caloric intake means more healthy proteins. C．the fewer calories one takes in, the better the ribosome works. D．reducing calorie intake could allow the ribosome to repair itself better. 4．We can infer from the text that _____ A．those who want to stay young are advised to skip meals. B．people should keep a record of the energy they burn every day. C．maintaining a balanced diet is not as difficult as people imagine. D．we could slow our pace of biological aging by changing our eating habits. Passage 3 (23-24高一·上海华东师范大学第二附中·期中)The life of a journalist can be exciting. To be in constant pursuit of the latest news demands a curiosity that can only be rewarded by getting to “where it is happening” as soon as possible. The goal, of course, is to relate what is happening to the public as clearly as possible. However, every journalist must be careful to report not only a vivid picture of what is happening, but a true picture. Each journalist reports his or her own version of what has taken place. Still, this version must be an actual account if the reporter is to maintain a reliable reputation. In order to get to the truth in some new stories, a reporter must rely on the statements of someone who is on the inside of the situation. Often this insider will only talk to a reporter if the reporter promises never to reveal the insider’s name. The insider usually threatens never to admit meeting with the reporter if his or her name is revealed. Because stories of this nature often involve criminal activity, reporting them becomes a dangerous job. This kind of work involved in obtaining news in this summer serves as an inviting situation for the underworld as well as the legal world. Members of the underworld want to find out who the insider is so that they can keep him or her quiet. Members of the legal world claim that the reporter will disturb justice if he or she fails to disclose the insider’s name. Rather than be unaccountable to a trusted informant, most reporters will go to jail if need be. Freedom of the press is provided by the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States. Impure interpretations of this portion of the constitution cause a small number of reporters to be jailed every year. However, as yet, no amount of legal maneuvering (操纵) has been able to put out this light of freedom set up by our forefathers. All of the reporters refusing to reveal the names of their informants have eventually been released. Devotion of this kind has given journalism its reputation for reliability — a reliability that each journalist is expected to uphold in his or her search for truth. Supplying a truthful account of each day’s occurrence is the serious contract made between reporter and the public. 1．According to the passage, those who give inside information ________. A．are usually under police protection B．do not want their names made public C．are on rare occasions on good terms with reliable reporter D．often have difficulty in protecting their lives 2．Judging by the context, the word “inviting” in paragraph 4 can be replaced by _____. A．scheming B．unknowing C．stirring D．tempting 3．Some reporters are put into prison mainly because ________. A．the courts sometimes misinterpret the First Amendment of the Constitution B．they get inside stories by dishonest means C．they are against the First Amendment of the Constitution D．there is no law in the United States to protect freedom of the press 4．The author implies in the passage that a reliable reporter ________. A．seldom follows the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States B．should be diligent, clever and inventive C．must provide the public with a truthful account as clearly as possible D．must try every means to satisfy the public’s curiosity 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (23-24高一上·上海交通大学附属中学·期中)Genetic testing companies have a long history of creative attempts to reach the mainstream. An early example was the sequencing of rock star Ozzy Osbourne’s genes in 2010, with accompanying guess about how they might have influenced his drug habits. Lately, such projects have taken on a new, highly commercialized tendency. In 2017, we got the “Marmite (马麦酱) gene project,” run by London-based genetic testing start-up DNAfit. It claims to show that love or hate for Marmite was in our genes. The project turned into a full-blown marketing campaign, and even sold Marmite-branded DNA testing tools. DNAfit is now working with Mercedes-Benz to find out whether specific genetic traits are associated with business wisdom. AncestryDNA, the world’s largest consumer genetic testing company, last year teamed up with Spotify to promote “music tailored to your DNA．” Just a few weeks ago, 23andMe, the second largest, announced a partnership with Airbnb to provide genetically tailored travel experiences, also inspired by ancestral DNA． I have skin in this game. I run a genetic-testing start-up that connects people who want their genome sequenced with researchers who want data to improve their understanding of genetic disease. I believe that broadening access to DNA testing can be a powerful force for good, providing safer, more effective medicines and giving people more power over their healthcare. But these campaigns risk discrediting the industry, by giving a misleading impression of what genetics can and can't say and its role in determining behaviours and personal preferences. Take the Marmite study. It covered 261 people — tiny, by the standards of the field. It was published not in a journal, but online on bioRxiv, a server where scientists typically put results before peer-review. Shortly after, researchers looked at the genetic data of more than 500 times as many people in the UK Biobank and found no such correlation. A large peer-reviewed study in 2013 found no significant link between genes and business common sense. We need to inform the public about what this is all about: that is, the gathering of large amounts of genetic data. We need better regulation to ensure that consumers are clear that this may happen with this sensitive personal information. A checkbox on a 20-page web document full of legal terms should not be enough. Scientists too, need to start asking hard questions about whether the information they are using has been sourced ethically. DNA testing has a great future, but we can't build this future with data acquired by any means. 1．The author mentions DNAfit, AncestryDNA and 23andMe in order to __________. A．highlight the problems facing genetic testing B．illustrate the commercial applications of DNA C．compare what progress the companies have made D．reveal the link between DNA and a person's character 2．We can learn from “I have skin in this game” in Para. 4 that the author __________. A．is challenging the available treatment for skin disease B．has a personal investment in the genetic-testing business C．hopes to remove people's misunderstanding of the game rules D．believes that every individual should have access to DNA testing 3．What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about? A．The disadvantages of genetic testing. B．The scientific value of genetic testing. C．The legal system genetic testing needs. D．The essentials for proper genetic testing. 4．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．DNA Is Anything but a Marketing Tool B．Genetic Testing Campaigns Aren't Legal C．Creative Marketing Is Key to Genetic Testing D．DNA Testing Has Become a Booming Industry Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海进才中学·期中)On April 1st millions of Americans watched as six numbered ping-pong balls tumbled out of (从……中滚出) a giant popcorn popper. The occasion was the latest drawing of Power ball, a multi-state lottery. The last draw offered punters (赌徒) a shot at a $1bn jackpot, the fifth-biggest in the game’s 32-year history. The odds of winning the jackpot are unimaginably low — just one in 292m for Power ball. Yet sales are at a record high. In 2023 Americans shelled out more than $100bn on state-run lotteries. Were they a single company, America’s lotteries would be the ninth-most profitable in the country. Why are lotteries so popular when the chances of winning are so low? For one, they are almost everywhere. Some 45 states, and the District of Columbia, operate them. Low prices mean that anyone can afford to play; vast jackpots add to the excitement. Moreover, proceeds tend to go to worthy causes, such as public education or programs for the elderly. Whereas casinos keep less than 10% of the money wagered (下注) on slot machines, state lotteries keep around 30% of ticket sales, on average. But the system is woefully regressive. An analysis of data obtained by The Economist through public-records requests finds that poorer households spend significantly more, in absolute terms, on lotteries than richer ones. As a share of income, the imbalance is even more striking. Using zip-code-level sales data from 24 states, we estimate that each 10% decrease in median household income is associated with a 4% increase in lottery spending. Age and ethnicity are also correlated with lottery sales:older and non-white Americans are more likely to play. But income is the most-important factor. In the poorest 1% of zip codes that have lottery retailers, the average American adults spend around $600 a year, or  nearly 5% of their income, on tickets. That compares with just $150, or 0.15%, for those in the richest 1% of zip codes. In other words, the poorest households spend roughly 30 times more on lotteries than richer ones, as a share of income. The pandemic appears to have made things worse. In 2021 the poorest 1% of households — flush with stimulus cheques — spent $100 more on lotteries than they did in 2019. The richest 1% spent just $10 more. 1．What are the mean reasons for the popularity of lotteries? A．Low price, moderate risk, and high payback. B．Appealing jackpot amount, high wining rate, and profitability. C．Profitability, possibility and generous social donation. D．Accessibility, affordability and public welfare promotion. 2．What does the underlined phrase “woefully regressive” mean in this context? A．Sadly declining. B．Severely unequal. C．Socially beneficial. D．Significantly influential. 3．What can we learn from Para. 5-6 ? A．The rich usually deprive the poor of their wealth through lottery system. B．An aged African-American woman is more likely to spend more on lotteries than a poor Anglo-Saxon White man. C．The poorest households spend much more on lotteries than the richer ones as a share of income but not as absolute numbers. D．Households in financial difficulties tend to wager a larger proportion of income on lotteries. 4．What is the best title for this article? A．Critical insight: the economics of American lotteries. B．Inspirational plan: make great fortune overnight. C．Silver Linings: the rise of modern “Great Catsby” D．American lotteries: the modern “blood diamond” business. Passage 3 (24-25高一上·上海松江区·期中)Vast stretches of central Asia feel uninhabited. The landscape of desert, steppe (大草原), and mountains seems to swallow up anything human. It is little surprise, then, that this region remains largely unknown to most archaeologists. Most archaeological work in Central Asia during the past century has focused on the open and rolling plains that stretch from the Black Sea to Manchuria. These steppes only came to life after 2000 B．C．, when horse domestication and riding suddenly turned a forbidding landscape for pedestrians into a natural highway of grass. By contrast, the areas to the south of the steppes have long been dismissed as backwaters of history. In the past, these southern mountains and deserts were considered too remote, rugged, and inhospitable to have played a role in early migrations or the emergence of urban life. Frachetti, who has studied modern-day pastoralists (放牧人), in such unforgiving landscapes as the Sahara and Scandinavia, was drawn to the southern region of Central Asia for its environmental diversity of desert, grassland, and meadows. Instead of a wasteland, he saw an ideal landscape for enterprising pastoralists who wanted to pasture their animals in all seasons. Together with his colleagues, Frachetti began digging a decade ago in the Dzhungar Mountains of Kazakhstan. Covering nearly 500 square miles, this region lies between the Tian Shan and Altai Mountain ranges, and boasts sharp peaks topping 12,000 feet, as well as harsh desert. More surprisingly, the researchers found wheat, which was first domesticated in the Fertile Crescent of the Middle East, and corn that was first widely grown in northern China. The grains were used ritually in a burial, and radiocarbon dating of the remains dates them to about 2200 B．C．, making them the oldest known domesticated grains in Central Asia. The people of Begash may not have grown either grain—there are no grinding stones, a sign of grain preparation—but instead received it via trade networks stretching from the Near East to China. Dorian Fuller, a leading expert in ancient grains based at University College London, calls the finds “important and well dated.” He adds that Chinese crops such as corn began to appear in southwest Asia around 1900 B．C．, a few centuries after they reached Begash, which could mean the passage through the mountain regions was a means of gradual transmission from east to west. Frachetti proposes that the grains may have been acquired from other tribes and used for ritual purposes, and then perhaps were passed on to other pastoral peoples. What makes the Begash discoveries so important is that previously this region was assumed to have been a land of scattered hunters until steppe peoples went down into the area’s valleys and mountain ranges after 2000 B．C． But it is becoming evident that the people of Begash were not simple hunters, but sophisticated pastoralists who tended their flocks, much as people in the area still do today. The inhabitants did not begin to use horses until well into the second millennium B．C．, and the varieties of sheep and goat found here today appear to be related to the varieties first domesticated thousands of years before in western Iran, near ancient Mesopotamia. This indicates that Begash was “at the crossroads of extremely wide networks among Eurasian communities by the third millennium B．C．,” asserts Frachetti. 1．According to the passage, what made the steppes accessible to travelers? A．Running into a natural highway B．Turning a forbidding landscape C．Raising horses D．Riding motorcycles 2．Frachetti was initially interested in the areas to the south of the steppes because of ________. A．their varied geographical features B．their harsh climate and terrain C．their role in the emergence of urban life D．their location in the trade route to the north 3．Which of the following statements about the wheat and corn found in Begash is CORRECT? A．They were early signs of agriculture there. B．They were the result of trading with China. C．They were mainly used in religious rituals. D．They were probably given by other tribes. 4．What is the significance of the Begash discoveries? A．Supporting that people in the area lived basically as hunters. B．Proposing new views about the region came into being. C．Questioning the idea that Begash was at the center of the trading network. D．Indicating that Begash was part of the Eurasian community. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 (23-24高一上·上海徐汇区·期中)You may have seen white-faced capuchin monkeys (卷尾猴) before, whether at a zoo or in a popular movie. These medium-sized monkeys are found in Central America and northern South America. They have a mostly black-haired body and white hair on their face and shoulders. The cap of black fur on their head resembles the hoods(兜帽) that Capuchin monks in Italy wore, and that’s where the name came from. Another fascinating feature of these monkeys is their long tail, which acts like a third hand. Capuchin monkeys use their tail to hang on to tree branches to support their body weight while looking for food. While they eat fruit and nuts, they also enjoy insects, frogs, and lizards. Since they spread various fruit seeds through their feces(粪便) and eat insects that are harmful to trees, they contribute a lot to the preservations of forests. Capuchin monkeys are very social and live in groups of 20 members or so. A group of capuchins is known as a troop or a barrel. Troops are mainly made up of females, who remain in the same troop their whole lives, while males change troops about every four years. Communication and social activities play a significant role among monkeys in a troop because they help form social bonds. A curious example is “hand sniffing,” where the monkeys stick their fingers in front of each other’s nose. Outside the forests, capuchin monkeys are not only used by humans for their acting abilities. These intelligent animals have small fingers and are gifted with fine motor skills. They can be trained to do many tasks that humans with disabilities cannot do, like turning the pages of a book or picking up dropped objects. Therefore, the white-faced capuchin can be important assistants and companions for some disabled people. 1．How did white-faced capuchin monkeys get their name? A．They appeared in popular films with Capuchin monks. B．Their fur crowns look like the hoods of Capuchin monks. C．They are found in regions where Capuchin monks live. D．They used to be kept by Capuchin monks as pets. 2．According to the passage, what contribution do white-faced capuchins make to forests? A．They help keep the trees healthy. B．They make forest soil more fertile. C．They reduce the risk of forest fires. D．They eat plants that damage forests. 3．Which of the following aspect is NOT mentioned in the passage? A．Diet. B．Behavior. C．Threats. D．Appearance. 4．Why are white-faced capuchin monkeys used as human helpers? A．They are very friendly and loyal to humans. B．They are strong enough to carry heavy things. C．They are smart and can perform different tasks. D．They are good at making faces and acting. Passage 2 (23-24高一上·上海青浦区·期中)For many years, ships that wanted to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific or from the Pacific to the Atlantic had to sail around South America. The trip took weeks and was very dangerous. To make the route shorter and safter, it was decided to build a canal (运河). Panama was chosen because it is the narrowest country in the Americas. The French started building the canal as early as 1880, but their attempt failed after 21,900 people died of diseases and accidents. The Americans finally completed the project, and the Panama Canal opened in 1914. When the Panama Canal opened in 1914, ships were able to make the trip between oceans in approximately 10 hours. The locks in the canal have been called one of the seven wonders of the modern world. The 48-mile-long Panama Canal was dug through the country of Panama. To pass between oceans, ships must actually go up. In fact, to travel through the canal, ships are raised 85 feet above sea level and then lowered again. A ship enters the canal and sails to the first series of locks. Each lock is a huge compartment(分隔的空间) made of concrete walls and metal doors at each end. When one set of doors opens, the ship enters the lock. The doors close, and water flows into the lock, raising the ship until the water level equals the level in the next lock. At that time, the doors open to allow the ship to move into the next lock. When the doors close, the same process continues to raise the ship again. On either end of the canal, three sets of locks raise and lower ships. After the third lock, the ship enters Gatun Lake, sails about 23 miles, and begins its descent through the series of locks. To lower the ship, the locks work in reverse, allowing water to flow out of the lock until the water level is the same as the next lock. In this way, the ship reaches sea level and moves out into the ocean. Over one million ships have passed through the Panama Canal since it opened. It has proven to be very important to world trade. In 2016, the canal was expanded to allow wider ships to pass through it, proving it will be a vital part of the world for many years to come. 1．Which of the following is the correct order of the events? ① The ship enters a lock. ② Water flows into the lock to raise the water level. ③ The doors close. ④ The doors open and the ship move out. A．④③②① B．③①②④ C．①③②④ D．③②④① 2．We can infer from the article that the Panama Canal ______. A．is the narrowest canal in the world B．was easy to construct C．is an important link in global shipping D．will be closed in the near future 3．Which word in paragraph 4 probably means “a journey downward”? A．reverse B．series C．process D．descent 4．According to the passage, the Panama Canal was built ______. A．to shorten the trip between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans B．to raise and lower the water level in the locks C．so that ships could travel to Panama from other countries D．so that people could enjoy the beautiful view of Gatun Lake / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $