专题01 语法填空（期中真题汇编，上海专用）高一英语上学期

专题01 语法填空 主题01 人与社会：生活与学习 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海徐汇南洋中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Travels without internet It may sound hard to believe in this digital age but Yang Hao, a 32-year-old doctoral student studying in the United Kingdom, started on a solo trip the old-fashioned way last year, using a printed map, paying for everything using cash or a bank card, reading train times, and talking to strangers. Over the course of 134 days, he visited 68 counties and cities in 24 provinces and regions 1 China, read 40 books, documented his experiences, and used two cameras to record 2 he saw. Since his story was posted online, it 3 (go) viral, triggering widespread discussion and reflection on the modern dependence on technology. 4 he foresaw that it would trigger some discussion, the public attention his journey has drawn has exceeded his imagination. Last Nov 27, he set off from Taiyuan with a 40-liter backpack, 5 contained clothing, two cameras, maps, his identification card, bank cards, cash, two writing brushes, a bottle of calligraphy ink, a pen, a notebook, and three books. Standing at the Taiyuan Railway Station as his parents saw him off. “It was the first time in my life that both my parents saw me off together. They felt more distant from me without the internet,” Yang says, adding that his parents were likely 6 (worry) more about him as they couldn’t contact him by phone. Arriving at Linfen, he encountered the first challenge, as without a phone, he couldn’t book a hotel online. Although he showed his ID card and offered to pay cash at the hotel reception, it seemed that without a phone, he could not reserve a room. During the trip, Yang experienced lots of situations like this. At the entrance to the Hubei Provincial Museum in Wuhan, he 7 (not allow) in because the museum required reservation in advance and he couldn’t reserve a ticket online. Yang wrote his first letter to his parents on the third day. Holding the brush, he struggled to find the right words to start. “Through the traditional way of writing letters to convey my feelings and longing for my family, the distance and the waiting helped me reflect on my relationship with the world,” Yang says. He mailed 40 letters during his trip, and received five replies, which have become treasured memories. Yang returned to Taiyuan on April 9. His mother welcomed him with a bowl of noodles in accordance with the Chinese saying “Dumplings for departure, and noodles for return”. With the noodles 1 (warm) his belly, Yang felt that his journey had come to an end. 2 he first saw his phone and computer, which had been lying unused for more than four months, he didn’t want to turn them on, 3 he had become used to a quiet, peaceful life without the internet. 【答案】 1．across 2．what 3．has gone 4．Although 5．which 6．to worry 7．wasn’t allowed 8．warming 9．When 10．because 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了32岁的英国博士生杨淏没有网络的独自旅行经历。 1．考查介词。句意：在134天的时间里，他走遍了中国24个省区的68个县市，读了40本书，记录了自己的经历，并用两台相机记录了他的所见所闻。根据句意以及空后China为名词可知，此处为介词across表示“从一边到另一边，横过，穿过”，满足句意要求。故填across。 2．考查宾语从句。句意：在134天的时间里，他走遍了中国24个省区的68个县市，读了40本书，记录了自己的经历，并用两台相机记录了他的所见所闻。此处为连接代词what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语成分，意为“看到的东西”。故填what。 3．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自从他的故事被传到网上后，就迅速传播开来，引发了人们对现代社会对科技依赖的广泛讨论和反思。此处为谓语动词的填入，根据Since可知，此处为现在完成时，结合主语it为第三人称单数，所以为动词三单形式。故填has gone。 4．考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管他预见到这将引发一些讨论，但他的旅程所引起的公众关注超出了他的想象。根据句意可知，此处为连词Although表示“尽管”引导的让步状语从句，满足句意要求。故填Although。 5．考查定语从句。句意：去年11月27日，他带着一个40升的背包从太原出发，背包里装着衣服、两台相机、地图、身份证、银行卡、现金、两支毛笔、一瓶书法墨水、一支笔、一本笔记本和三本书。此处为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词backpack在从句中作主语成分。故填which。 6．考查动词不定式。句意：他还说，他的父母可能更担心他，因为他们无法通过电话联系到他。此处为动词短语be likely to do“很可能做某事”，所以此处为动词不定式形式。故填to worry。 7．考查动词时态和语态。句意：在武汉的湖北省博物馆入口处，他没有被允许进入，因为博物馆需要提前预订，而他无法在网上预订门票。此处为谓语动词的填入，结合上下文时态可知，此处为陈述过去发生的事情，主语he和动词allow为被动关系，所以为一般过去时的被动语态结构。故填wasn’t allowed。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：面条温暖了他的肚子，杨淏觉得他的旅程已经结束了。此处为with的复合结构，其中的动词应为非谓语形式，warm和宾语the noodles为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填warming。 9．考查时间状语从句。句意：当他第一次看到他的手机和电脑时，他已经闲置了四个多月，他不想打开它们，因为他已经习惯了没有互联网的安静、和平的生活。，此处为连词when引导的时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，满足句意要求。故填When。 10．考查原因状语从句。句意：当他第一次看到他的手机和电脑时，他已经闲置了四个多月，他不想打开它们，因为他已经习惯了没有互联网的安静、和平的生活。根据上下句句意可知，此处为连词because表示“因为”引导的原因状语从句，满足句意逻辑要求。故填because。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海师大二附中·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Make a difference to the environment It is often hard to determine whether the food we eat is eco-friendly or not. However, it is clear that some types of food have a 1 (big) environmental impact than others. What can we do in our everyday lives to make a difference? Firstly, we should avoid food that has travelled a long way. Food transport is a big source of CO₂, 2 causes global warming. In other words, it is best to eat food that 3 (produce) locally. Secondly, we should eat less fast food. 4 it is very convenient, fast food has become very popular, but it is unfortunately very bad for the environment. Most takeaway containers will probably end up in the rubbish dump. However, we can encourage restaurants 5 (use) recycled materials to pack their meals. Thirdly, we should avoid those types of food 6 cause huge environmental stress. For example, now rain forests around the world 7 (burn) down to make room for cattle farms. To protect the rainforest, we 8 eat less beef and avoid food that contains palm oil. Pollution and climate change are global problems, so we all need to work together. The good news is 9 every little bit counts. By using our resources 10 a more efficient way, we can save a lot of money at the same time as we save the environment. 【答案】 1．bigger 2．which 3．is produced 4．Because 5．to use 6．that/which 7．are being burned 8．should 9．that 10．in 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何选择对环境友好的食物。 1．考查形容词比较级。句意：然而，很明显，某些类型的食物对环境的影响比其他类型的食物更大。分析句子可知，“impact”为名词，空格处应用形容词，作定语，根据句中“than”可知，空格处应用形容词比较级“bigger”，表示影响更大。故填bigger。 2．考查定语从句。句意：食品运输是导致全球变暖的二氧化碳的主要来源。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“CO₂”，指物，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词“which”引导从句。故填which。 3．考查时态和语态。句意：换句话说，最好吃当地生产的食物。根据句意和句中“is”可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，“that”代指先行词“food”，和“produce”为被动关系，故句子应用一般现在时的被动语态，“food”和“is”连用，“produce”的过去分词为“produced”，故空格处应填“is produced”。故填is produced。 4．考查原因状语从句。句意：因为它非常方便，快餐变得非常流行，但不幸的是，它对环境非常不利。分析句子可知，句子为原因状语从句，“非常方便”是“快餐变得非常流行”的原因，应用“Because”引导从句，意为“因为”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Because。 5．考查固定短语。句意：然而，我们可以鼓励餐馆使用可回收材料来包装他们的饭菜。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“encourage sb. to do sth.”，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，故空格处应用“to use”。故填to use。 6．考查定语从句。句意：第三，我们应该避免那些造成巨大环境压力的食物。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“those types of food”，指物，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词“which”或“that”引导从句。故填that/which。 7．考查时态和语态。句意：例如，现在世界各地的雨林正在被烧毁，为养牛场腾出空间。根据句意和句中“now”可知，句子为现在进行时，“rain forests”和“burn”为被动关系，故句子应用现在进行时的被动语态，“rain forests”和“are”连用，“burn”的过去分词为“burned”，故空格处应填“are being burned”。故填are being burned。 8．考查情态动词。句意：为了保护雨林，我们应该少吃牛肉，避免食用含有棕榈油的食物。分析句子可知，“eat”为动词原形，空格处应用情态动词,根据句意可知，应用“should”，意为“应该”。故填should。 9．考查表语从句。句意：好消息是，每一点点努力都很重要。分析句子可知，句子为表语从句，空格处单词引导从句，从句中不缺少成分，意义完整，故应用“that”引导从句。故填that。 10．考查固定短语。句意：通过更有效地利用我们的资源，我们可以在保护环境的同时节省大量资金。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“in+adj.+way”，意为“以……的方式”，故空格处应用“in”。故填in。 Passage 3 (24-25高一上·上海安亭高级中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word, for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Ten-year-old Annemarie Johansen lives with her family in Copenhagen, Denmark. There are soldiers on the streets, and the country 1 (control) by the Nazis. There isn’t enough to eat, and the world is at war. Then the Nazis decide to “relocate” the country’s Jewish population.The Danes don’t know 2 their friends and neighbors are being taken away. They don’t know 3 they are going, either. But they do know that it is wrong and dangerous and that they must help. Number the Stars is a very powerful novel. During World War I, the Nazis 4 (kill) millions of people in Europe. Many of those people were Jewish. But in Denmark, almost all of the Jewish population was saved. Number the Stars is a work of novel, but it tells the true story of the Jewish 5 (save) during the war. The moving plot is driven by justice, danger and excitement. But the book also deals with significant ideas that are much 6 (big) than the story itself. Anemarie must learn that evil doesn’t just appear in fairy tales. It’s a real thing that affects real people.She must also struggle with questions of loyalty and sacrifice. Who would she die to protect? And is she brave enough 7 (make) that sacrifice? Most importantly, Annemarie learns that 8 (be) brave doesn’t mean being fearless. It means doing the right thing despite the fact 9 you are afraid, That’s heavy stuff for a children’s novel. Lois Lowry, the author, has written award-winning novels for young people. Number the Stars is a remarkable example of the talent 10 has made her so celebrated. 【答案】 1．is controlled 2．why 3．where 4．killed 5．saved 6．bigger 7．to make 8．being 9．that 10．that/which 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是《数星星》这本书的故事背景和内容。 1．考查时态和语态。句意：街上有士兵巡逻，国家被控制在纳粹手中。空格处是谓语动词，句子描述的是书中的情节，所以用一般现在时；动词control与主语the country之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；主语是单数形式，be动词用is。故填is controlled。 2．考查连接副词。句意：丹麦人不知道为什么他们的朋友和邻居被带走。根据空格前的The Danes don’t know可知，空格后的部分是宾语从句，所以空格处应该填入一个词连接主句和从句，且意义为“为什么”，所以用why。故填why。 3．考查连接副词。句意：他们也不知道他们被带往哪里。根据空格前的They don’t know和空格后的they are going，空格处应该填入一个词，连接主句和从句，且意义为“哪里”，所以用连接副词where。故填where。 4．考查时态。句意：在第一次世界大战期间，纳粹杀害了欧洲数百万人，其中许多是犹太人。空格处是谓语动词，句子描述过去发生的事，应该用一般过去时。故填killed。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：《数星星》是一部小说作品，但它讲述了战争中犹太人被拯救的真实故事。空格处应该用非谓语动词作定语，修饰空格前的名词Jewish，动词save与Jewish之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词saved作定语。故填saved。 6．考查形容词比较级。句意：但这本书也探讨了比故事本身更宏大的重要思想。根据空格后的than可知，空格处应该用big的比较级bigger作表语。故填bigger。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：她是否有足够的勇气做出这种牺牲？enough to do“足够……以致能”是固定搭配。故填to make。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：最重要的是，安妮玛丽知道勇敢并不意味着无所畏惧。空格处是that从句的主语，应该用动名词形式。故填being。 9．考查同位语从句的连接词。句意：这意味着尽管你害怕，但要做正确的事情。空格后的部分是同位语从句，解释名词fact的具体内容，从句意义完整，不缺成分，应该用连词that引导。故填that。 10．考查定语从句。句意：《数星星》是她才华的杰出体现，正是这种才华使她如此受人赞誉。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词talent进行限定说明，从句中缺少主语，所以应该用关系代词that或which代替先行词在从句中作主语。故填that/which。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海闵行六校联考·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.   Getting the Kanye boost “I love you, Haikou!” said US rapper Kanye West, 47, during one of his two concerts in Haikou, Hainan province, in September. It was his performances 1 boosted the local economy and raised discussions about the “concert economy”, which has recently become a hot trend. China Daily noted that the booming concert industry 2 (drive) growth across the entire supply chain, from planning and venues to sound, lighting and promotion. It is also boosting related industries such as tourism and culture to develop. According to official statistics, West’s concert on Sep. 15 alone generated about 51 million yuan from ticket sales, 3 (contribute) 373 million yuan to Haikou’s tourism income. Kanye West and Haikou 4 (compare) with Taylor Swift and Singapore. According to Singapore authorities, Swift’s concerts in March generated about $300 million for local tourism. West chose to start his tour in Haikou 5 in major first-tier cities like Beijing or Shanghai, thanks to a series of favorable policies in Haikou. 6 international performers want to hold concerts in Chinese mainland cities, they need to apply for relevant visas and go through the approval process. Haikou benefits from the special policies of the Hainan Free Trade Port, where tourists from 59 countries 7 enter without a visa. Additionally, since May, 2018, China has issued a visa-free policy for foreign tourist groups 8 arrive by cruise ship, with Haikou and Sanya included as visa-free ports. These measures have made 9 easier for overseas performers to enter. Haikou was also proactive in hosting West’s concerts. “Actively introducing new types of performances popular among young people, such as concerts by international singers with massive fans, is a long-term strategy for high-quality tourism development,” the Hainan government stated on its official website. In addition to Haikou, many Chinese cities are adopting similar initiatives 1 (promote) their economies. In April, Jay Chou’s concerts in Hangzhou generated 1.3 billion yuan in cultural and tourism spending, according Hangzhou local authorities. 【答案】 1．that 2．was driving 3．contributing 4．are being compared/are compared/were compared/were being compared 5．rather than/instead of 6．If/When 7．can 8．who/that 9．it 10．to promote 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了Kanye West在海口的演唱会对当地经济的积极影响及背后的原因。 1．考查强调句型。句意：正是他的演出促进了当地的经济，引发了关于“音乐会经济”的讨论，这已经成为最近的热门趋势。本句用强调句型“it is+被强调部分+that+其它”。被强调部分为主语“his performances”。故填that。 2．考查时态。句意：《中国日报》指出，蓬勃发展的演唱会产业正在推动整个供应链的增长，从策划、场地到音响、灯光和推广。drive“驱动，激励”。that引导的宾语从句描述过去正在进行的动作，从句时态用过去进行时，从句主语the booming concert industry第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was driving。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：据官方统计，仅9月15日West的演唱会门票收入就达到了约5100万元，为海口旅游收入贡献了3.73亿元。本句谓语为generated，此处为非谓语动词，且West’s concert与contribute“贡献”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填contributing。 4．考查动词语态。句意：Kanye West和海口被拿来与Taylor Swift和新加坡相比较。主语Kanye West and Haikou，与compare“比较”之间为被动关系，本句描述的是过去的事实，时态用一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。或者本句描述过去正在进行的动作，时态用过去进行时，故用过去进行时的被动语态。或者本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。或者本句描述现在正在进行的动作，时态用现在进行时，故用现在进行时的被动语态。故填were compared或were being compared或are compared或are being compared。 5．考查固定短语。句意：由于海口的一系列优惠政策，West选择在海口开始他的巡演，而不是在北京或上海等主要一线城市。本空用固定短语rather than或instead of，表示“而不是”。故填rather than或instead of。 6．考查条件状语从句或时间状语从句。句意：如果国际表演者想在中国大陆城市举办音乐会，他们需要申请相关签证并通过审批程序/当国际表演者想要在中国大陆城市举办音乐会时，他们需要申请相关签证并通过审批程序。本空用if“如果”引导条件状语从句，或when“当……时”引导时间状语从句，句首单词首字母大写。故填If或When。 7．考查情态动词。句意：海口受益于海南自由贸易港的特殊政策，来自59个国家的游客可以免签入境。本空用情态动词can，表示“可以”。故填can。 8．考查定语从句。句意：此外，自2018年5月起，中国对乘坐游轮抵达的外国旅游团实行免签政策，海口和三亚被列为免签口岸。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是foreign tourist groups，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。 9．考查代词。句意：这些措施使海外表演者更容易入境。本空用代词it，作形式宾语，真正的宾语为动词不定式to enter，故填it。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了海口，中国许多城市正在采取类似的举措来促进经济发展。本句谓语为are adopting，此处为非谓语动词，故用promote“促进”的不定式，作目的状语。故填to promote。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海同济附属中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Story of Baby Joy When Fridah gave birth to her daughter Joy at just six months, she feared the worst. In the poor village in Kenya, it was difficult for a premature (早产的) baby to survive. Luckily, the hospital had the machine 1 saved her life. This life-saving machine was part of a larger effort by UNICEF 2 (improve) newborn and child health in Kenya and African countries. Kenya 3 (manage) to cut under-five death rate by more than half in 2019. Experts predicted that the death rate in the country 4 (decrease) further in the next two years. However, more than 60,000 children still die each year before reaching five years of age due to poor health conditions. Currently, several projects 5 (organize) by UNICEF to make a difference. And China is also contributing a lot. Such partnership is of great importance. Kenya 6 (make) great progress in children’s issues in the past 4 years. That is why UNICEF decides to include other African countries in its work. This cooperation has become even 7 (necessary) as many developing countries are trying to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals of the Agenda 2030. Fortunately, the impact of the cooperation 8 children’s survival rate is evident in Joy’s story. “Joy is three years old now, and we can surely expect 9 bright future ahead for her,” Fridah says, who was really grateful for 10 UNICEF had done for her baby. 【答案】 1．that/which 2．to improve 3．managed 4．would decrease 5．are being organized 6．has made 7．more necessary 8．on 9．a 10．what 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了早产儿乔伊在肯尼亚村庄获救，联合国儿童基金会与中国合作，改善非洲儿童健康和生存率。 1．考查定语从句。句意：幸运的是，医院有一台机器救了她的生命。空处引导定语从句，先行词是machine，指物，关系词在从句中充当主语，故答案是that/which。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这台救命的机器是联合国儿童基金会在肯尼亚和非洲国家改善新生儿和儿童健康的一项更广泛努力的一部分。句子已经存在系动词was，所以improve需要转变成非谓语，应该将其变成to do形式作effort的后置定语，因为effort to do是固定用法，故答案是to improve。 3．考查时态。句意：肯尼亚在2019年成功将五岁以下儿童死亡率减半。空处作句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语“in 2019”可知，句子描述过去发生的事情，应该使用一般过去时，故答案是managed。 4．考查时态。句意：专家预测，未来两年内该国的死亡率将进一步下降。空处是句子的谓语动词，根据句意以及主句谓语“predicted”是过去时，结合时间状语“in the next two years”可知，从句应用过去将来时。故答案是would decrease。 5．考查时态和语态。句意：目前，联合国儿童基金会正在组织几个项目以产生影响。空处是句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语currently可知，这个句子使用了现在进行时，主语projects与动词organize是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语为复数名词，be动词用are。故答案是are being organized。 6．考查时态。句意：在过去的四年里，肯尼亚在儿童问题上取得了巨大进步。空处是句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语“in the past 4 years”可知，应用现在完成时，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故答案是has made。 7．考查形容词比较级。句意：随着许多发展中国家努力实现2030年议程的可持续发展目标，这种合作变得更加必要。necessary是个形容词，意思是“必要的”，根据空前“even”及句意可知，这种合作关系越来越重要了，应用形容词比较级形式，故答案是more necessary。 8．考查介词。句意：幸运的是，合作对儿童存活率的影响在乔伊的故事中显而易见。根据句意及空前“impact”可知，空处应填介词on，与impact搭配使用，表示“对……的影响”，故答案是on。 9．考查冠词。句意：“乔伊现在三岁了，我们可以肯定她有一个光明的未来。”弗里达说，她非常感激联合国儿童基金会为她的宝宝所做的一切。根据句意及空后“bright future”，句中泛指“一个光明的未来”，空处应用不定冠词，bright发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。故答案是a。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：“乔伊现在三岁了，我们可以肯定她有一个光明的未来。”弗里达说，她非常感激联合国儿童基金会为她的宝宝所做的一切。空处引导宾语从句，作为介词“for”的宾语，从句中缺少宾语，指物，需用连接代词what引导，表示“做了什么”。故答案是what。 Passage 3 (24-25高一上·上海顾村中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Japanese company has developed an artificial intelligence filter that can detect angry screams and translate them into calm speech in order to reduce the stress 1 (experience) by call center operators. Large tech companies have long been aware of the stress their call center operators are exposed to every single day, 2 many customers taking out their anger and frustrations on them. Some of them have even introduced stress management programs 3 include relaxation techniques, meditation, yoga, or therapy meant to irritability and anxiety. However, one Japanese company may have come up with a much 4 (efficient) solution-using AI to completely take screaming and aggressive speech out of the equation. SoftBank claims to have spent three years 5 (create) a voice filter that detects screaming and automatically translates it into calm speech. SoftBank’s voice filter consists of two stages, one in which the AI identifies 6 angry voice and extracts key points of speech, and a second where it uses acoustic tools to transform it into a more natural, even polite tone. Interestingly, the filter doesn’t change any of the word spoken by the person, but significantly softens the intonation. The call center operator will still hea any insults uttered, only in a soft tone, which 7 help reduce their stress and anxiety. 8 (train) the AI, SoftBank’s engineers asked 10 actors to record at least 100 common phrases including screams, accusations, threats, and demands for an apology. In total, more than 10,000 pieces of voice data 9 (use) to train the AI filter. It’s unclear 10 SoftBank plans to implement the new scream-filtering AI into its call centers, but it will be interesting to see how well it works and how it impacts the emotional wellbeing of operators. 【答案】 1．experienced 2．with 3．that/which 4．more efficient 5．creating 6．an 7．should 8．To train 9．were used 10．when 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了日本一家公司开发了一种人工智能过滤器，可以检测到愤怒的尖叫声，并将其转化为平静的语言，以减轻呼叫中心接线员的压力。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：日本一家公司开发了一种人工智能过滤器，可以检测到愤怒的尖叫声，并将其转化为平静的语言，以减轻呼叫中心接线员的压力。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰stress，stress和experience为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填experienced。 2．考查with复合结构。句意：大型科技公司早就意识到呼叫中心接线员每天面临的压力，许多客户都把愤怒和沮丧发泄在他们身上。空后taking out为非谓语动词形式，此处为with的复合结构作伴随状语。故填with。 3．考查定语从句。句意：他们中的一些人甚至引入了压力管理项目，包括放松技巧、冥想、瑜伽或旨在缓解烦躁和焦虑的疗法。此处为关系代词引导的定语从句，先行词programs指事物，在从句中作主语，所以此处使用关系代词that或者which。故填that/which。 4．考查形容词比较级。句意：然而，一家日本公司可能想出了一个更有效的解决方案——使用人工智能完全消除尖叫和攻击性言论。由空后solution为名词以及空前much可知，此处为形容词比较级形式，构成much more+形容词，表示“更加……的多”作定语修饰该名词，满足句意要求。故填more efficient。 5．考查动名词。句意：SoftBank声称，他们花了三年时间开发了一种语音过滤器，可以检测到尖叫，并自动将其转换为平静的语音。此处为动词短语spend time doing sth“花时间做某事”，所以此处为动名词形式。故填creating。 6．考查冠词。句意：SoftBank的语音过滤器包括两个阶段，第一个阶段是人工智能识别愤怒的声音并提取语音要点，第二个阶段是使用声学工具将其转换为更自然，甚至礼貌的语气。根据句意以及空后angry voice为单数名词可知，此处为表示泛指“一种愤怒的声音”，结合angry为首音节元音单词，所以为不定冠词an的填入。故填an。 7．考查情态动词。句意：呼叫中心接线员仍然会听到任何辱骂，只是用柔和的语调，这应该有助于减轻他们的压力和焦虑。根据句意可知，此处为情态动词should表示“应该”接动词原形help，满足句意要求。故填should。 8．考查动词不定式。句意：为了训练人工智能，SoftBank的工程师要求10名演员录制至少100个常见短语，包括尖叫、指责、威胁和要求道歉。此处为动词不定式to do表示“为了……”作目的状语，满足句意要求。故填To train。 9．考查动词时态和语态。句意：总共有超过10,000条语音数据被用于训练人工智能过滤器。此处为谓语动词的填入，根据上文时态可知，此处为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时，结合主语more than 10,000 pieces of voice data为复数名词和use为被动关系，所以为一般过去时的被动语态结构。故填were used。 10．考查主语从句。句意：目前还不清楚软银计划何时在其呼叫中心实施新的尖叫过滤人工智能，但看看它的效果如何，以及它如何影响运营商的情绪健康，将是一件有趣的事情。该句为“ it + be +形容词 +主语从句”的固定句型，其中It为形式主语，结合句意可知，应为连接副词when表示“什么时候”引导的主语从句作句子的主语成分。故填when。 Passage 4 (24-25高一上·上海进才中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Physics Nobel scooped (赢得) by machine-learning pioneers Two researchers who developed tools for understanding the neural networks that form the basis of today’s boom in artificial intelligence (AI) have won the 2024 Nobel Prize in physics, 1 used tools from physics to come up with method that power artificial neural networks, which exploit brain-inspired, layered structures to learn abstract concepts. Their discoveries “form the building blocks of machine learning, that can aid humans in making faster and 2 (reliable) decisions”, said Nobel physics committee chair Ellen Moons. In 1982, Hopfield, a theoretical biologist with a background in physics, came up with a network that 3 (describe) connections between virtual neurons as physical forces. By 4 (store) patterns as a low-energy state of the network, the system was able to re-create these patterns when prompted (提示) with something similar. It became known as associative memory, because the way 5 it ‘recalls’ things is similar to the brain trying to remember a word or concept on the basis of related information. Hinton, a computer scientist, used principles from statistical physics to further develop the ‘Hopfield network’. By building probabilities into a layered version of the network, he created a tool 6 could recognize and classify images, or generate new examples of the type that it 7 (train) on. Hinton also won the A．M. Turing Award in 2018 - sometimes described as the ‘Nobel of computer science’. Speaking by telephone during the physics-prize announcement, Hinton said that learning he 8 (win) the Nobel was “ a bolt from the blue (意外事件)”. He added that advances in machine learning 9 (have) a huge influence, and “ it will be comparable with the industrial revolution. But 10 exceeding people in physical strength, it’s going to exceed people in intellectual ability.” 【答案】 1．who 2．more reliable 3．described 4．storing 5．in which 6．that 7．was trained 8．had won 9．would have 10．instead of 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了两位机器学习先驱获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。 1．考查定语从句。句意：两位研究人员开发了理解神经网络的工具，这些工具构成了当今人工智能（AI）蓬勃发展的基础，他们获得了2024年诺贝尔物理学奖，他们利用物理学工具提出了驱动人工神经网络的方法，这种方法利用大脑启发的分层结构来学习抽象概念。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Two researchers，在从句作主语，指人。故填who。 2．考查比较级。句意：诺贝尔物理学委员会主席艾伦·穆恩斯表示，他们的发现“构成了机器学习的基石，可以帮助人类做出更快、更可靠的决定”。根据上文faster可知应用比较级，在前面加more。故填more reliable。 3．考查时态。句意：1982年，具有物理学背景的理论生物学家Hopfield提出了一个网络，将虚拟神经元之间的联系描述为物理力量。根据上文In 1982可知为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填described。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过将模式存储为网络的低能量状态，当有类似的提示时，系统能够重新创建这些模式。作介词的宾语，用动名词形式。故填storing。 5．考查定语从句。句意：它后来被称为联想记忆，因为它“回忆”事物的方式类似于大脑试图在相关信息的基础上记住一个单词或概念。此处为定语从句修饰先行词way，在从句作方式状语，故用in which引导。故填in which。 6．考查定语从句。句意：通过将概率构建到网络的分层版本中，他创造了一种工具，可以识别和分类图像，或者生成训练过的类型的新示例。定语从句修饰先行词tool，在从句作主语，指物。故填that。 7．考查时态语态。句意：通过将概率构建到网络的分层版本中，他创造了一种工具，可以识别和分类图像，或者生成训练过的类型的新示例。主语it与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文created可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was trained。 8．考查时态。句意：在物理学奖宣布期间，辛顿在电话中说，得知自己获得诺贝尔奖是“晴天霹雳”。从句表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。故填had won。 9．考查时态。句意：他补充说，机器学习的进步将产生巨大的影响，“它将与工业革命相提并论。”根据句意和后文will可知用将来时，主句谓语added为一般过去时，故用过去将来时。故填would have。 10．考查介词短语。句意：但它不是在体力上超越人类，而是在智力上超越人类。表示“不是”，后跟动名词作宾语，应用instead of。故填instead of。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海复旦附中·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Pushing past her limits At 11:31 am on July 18, I reached the summit of Mount Muztagh Ata in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. Standing at 7,546 meters at the age of 18, I earned the title of National Mountaineering Athlete. As I stood there, tears unexpectedly streamed down my face. Our team consisted of 17 people, including seven coaches. We started the climb at 3 am, making our way up in freezing temperatures. With the shortage of oxygen, every step was a struggle-my head throbbed (阵痛) with pain and my stomach churned (翻腾). I felt 1 I was on the verge of fainting. 2 a lack of appetite, I forced myself to eat something. My feet were swollen, and I could hardly feel 3 . After nearly three hours of struggle, the sun began to rise from behind the mountain, casting a warm glow on the snow. For a moment, I felt 4 (renew). I tried to take out my snow goggles, but I was too weak, and my coach had to help me. Feeling exhausted, I told my coach I wanted to slow down, but he noticed my nose was freezing and my lips were stiff. He warned me that if I didn’t keep moving, the cold 5 cause me to get sick, making it impossible to reach the summit. I immediately regained my focus and pushed myself to move 6 (fast). I was the last team member 7 (reach) the top, and though my teammates cheered me on, I was too tired to respond. The view was beautiful, but I was so exhausted that I couldn’t even appreciate it. My mind went numb, and every step during the final stretch seemed like a battle. But finally, I reached the peak. I sat down on a rock, dizzy and crying. Crying at that moment wasn’t just about the physical pain. It was a release of all the emotions I 8 (bottle up). It was a mix of exhaustion, awe for nature, and a sense of connection with the mountain. I was also proud of myself for making it to the top. When I returned to the busy city, surrounded by the noise of cars and crowds, I found myself missing the quiet world of the mountains. I missed the cold, damp sleeping bags, the faint nausea from the lack of food, and the stars and moon 9 (hang) over us in the early hours. It was only in that stillness 10 I truly appreciated the beauty of the mountains. 【答案】 1．as if /as though 2．Despite 3．them 4．renewed 5．would 6．faster 7．to reach 8．had bottled up 9．hanging 10．that 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者18岁时成功登顶慕士塔格峰的经历及感悟。 1．考查从属连词。句意：我感到好像快要晕倒了。根据空前“I felt”和空后“I was on the verge of fainting.”可知，此处需用从属连词as if/as though“好像”，引导表语从句。故填as if/as though。 2．考查介词。句意：尽管没有食欲，我还是强迫自己吃了点东西。根据空后“a lack of appetite, I forced myself to eat something.”可知，此处表示尽管没有食欲，还是强迫自己吃了点东西，所以空处需用介词despite“尽管”，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Despite。 3．考查代词。句意：我的脚肿了，几乎感觉不到它们了。根据空前“My feet were swollen, and I could hardly feel”可知，此处指感觉不到脚了，所以空处需用代词them指代前文的feet。故填them。 4．考查形容词。句意：有那么一刻，我感到精神焕发。根据空前“I felt”可知，空处需用形容词作表语，renew的形容词为renewed“精神焕发的”。故填renewed。 5．考查时态。句意：他警告我，如果我不继续前进，寒冷会使我虚弱，使我无法到达山顶。根据空前“He warned me that if I didn’t keep moving,”可知，空处需用过去将来时，表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，其结构为would+do。故填would。 6．考查比较级。句意：我立刻重新集中注意力，催促自己走得更快。根据空前“I immediately regained my focus and pushed myself to move”可知，此处表示催促自己走得更快，所以空处需用副词fast的比较级faster。故填faster。 7．考查动词不定式。句意：我是最后一个到达山顶的队员，虽然队友们为我欢呼，但我太累了，无法回应。根据空前“I was the last team member”可知，空处需用动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词member，表示最后一个到达山顶的队员。故填to reach。 8．考查时态。句意：那一刻的哭泣不仅仅是因为身体上的疼痛。这是我释放所有压抑情绪的一种方式。空处需用谓语动词，bottle up“抑制，压抑”，动作发生在主句谓语动词was之前，所以空处谓语动词需用过去完成时态：had done。故填had bottled up。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：我想念寒冷的、潮湿的睡袋，想念因为没有食物而感到的轻微恶心，想念凌晨时分挂在我们头顶的星星和月亮。空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词stars and moon，动词hang“悬挂”和名词stars and moon之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词hanging作后置定语。故填hanging。 10．考查强调句型。句意：只有在那种寂静中，我才真正欣赏到山的美。此处去掉“It was”和空处，句子结构完整，所以空处需用that，构成强调句型：It was+被强调部分+that+句子剩余部分。此处强调状语 only in that stillness，故填that。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海嘉定高级中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Can Indoor Plants Really Purify (净化) the Air? Plants are very important to human life. Through photosynthesis (光合作用), they transform carbon dioxide into fresh oxygen. They 1 (believe) to remove toxins (毒素) from the air we breathe — but is this true? One famous NASA experiment 2 (publish) in 1989 has found indoor plants can clean the air by removing pollutants 3 cause cancer. Later research has found soil micro-organisms in the potted plant also 4 (play) a part in cleaning indoor air. Based on this research, some scientists say house plants are effective natural air purifiers, and the bigger and leafier the plant, the better. 5 , however, say the evidence that plants can effectively accomplish this feat (功绩) is far from conclusive. “There are no definitive studies to show that 6 (have) indoor plants can significantly increase the air quality in your home,” According to Luz Claudio, a professor of environmental medicine and public health. “There’s no question that plants are capable of removing volatile (易挥发的) chemical toxins from the air under laboratory conditions,” says Claudio. But in your home or office space, the idea that putting a few plants together 7 purify your air doesn’t have much hard science to support it. Most research efforts so far, including the NASA study, placed indoor plants in small, sealed environments to assess how much air-purifying power they have. “But those studies aren’t really applicable to what happens in house, 8 in many cases, the air in your home completely turns over — that is, exchanges places with outdoor air — once every hour. In most instances, air exchange with the outside has a 9 (great) effect on indoor air quality than plants.” says Stanley Kays, a professor of horticulture (园艺学). Disappointed as many people may be by what Kays said, the professor also believes 10 house plants are beneficial. Studies have shown plants can knock out stress and make people feel happier. More research shows spending time around nature has a positive effect on a person’s mood and energy levels. 【答案】 1．are believed 2．published 3．that/which 4．play 5．Others 6．having 7．can 8．because 9．greater 10．that 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。室内植物真的能净化空气吗？对于此问题，有的研究表明，室内植物可以通过去除致癌污染物来净化空气。而有的人认为，目前还没有明确的研究表明室内种植植物能显著提高家中的空气质量，但是认为室内植物是有益的，这是无疑的。 1．考查动词语态。句意：它们被认为可以清除我们呼吸的空气中的毒素——但这是真的吗？此处作谓语动词，主语they为复数，与believe之间为被动关系，且此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词使用are。故填are believed。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：NASA在1989年发表的一项著名实验发现，室内植物可以通过去除致癌污染物来净化空气。此处作定语，修饰experiment，experiment与publish之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填published。 3．考查定语从句。句意：同上。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词为pollutants，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which引导。故填that或which。 4．考查动词时态。句意：后来的研究发现盆栽植物中的土壤微生物也在净化室内空气中发挥着作用。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句的谓语动词，本句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为soil micro-organisms，所以谓语用复数形式。故填play。 5．考查代词。句意：然而，其他人认为，植物能够有效地完成这一壮举的证据还远没有定论。由前文的“some scientists”可知，此处为some...others... “一些……另一些……”结构，该词位于句首，首字母应大写，故填Others。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：Luz Claudio，一个环境医学和公共健康教授说：“没有确切的研究表明在室内种植植物可以显著提高你家里的空气质量。”分析句子可知，此处为宾语从句的主语，故应用have的动名词having作为句子主语。故填having。 7．考查情态动词。句意：但在你的家里或办公室里，把一些植物放在一起可以净化空气的想法并没有多少支持的科学依据。此处意为“能够”，应用情态动词can表示能力。故填can。 8．考查原因状语从句。句意：但是这些研究并不真正适用于家里，因为大多数情况下，家里的空气流动着，也就说室内的空气与户外的空气每小时都会交换。此句中，空前“But those studies aren’t really applicable to what happens in house”与空后“in many cases, the air in your home completely turns over — that is, exchanges places with outdoor air - once every hour.”构成因果关系，故此处应用because引导原因状语从句。故填because。 9．考查形容词的比较级。句意：在大多数情况下，与外界空气交换对室内空气质量的影响比植物对室内空气质量的影响大。由“than”可知，设空处应填形容词的比较级greater，修饰名词effect。故填greater。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：尽管许多人可能对Kays所说的话感到失望，但这位教授也明确表示，他相信室内植物是有益处的。此处引导宾语从句，从句中句式完整、句意完整，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。 Passage 3 (24-25高一上·上海甘泉外国语中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Health Warning as UK Swelters People across the UK have enjoyed the sunshine this week, but they have also been advised to be careful as a heat wave hits much of the country. A heat wave is defined 1 a period of hot weather where temperatures are higher than is expected for the time of year. They usually happen in summer. However, climate change (long-term changes to weather patterns, mostly 2 (cause) by human activities such as burning fossil fuels, farming and cutting down forests) is increasing the chance of heat waves happening and making them more extreme. The current hot weather is even 3 (much) extreme in some European countries — temperatures in southern Spain have reached 46℃. Heat waves can be a danger to people’s health, especially for those 4 are vulnerable (易受影响的) such as the elderly children and people with certain health conditions. However, anyone 5 suffer from the effects of extreme heat, including dehydration (not having enough water) and heatstroke (a condition caused by the body overheating). A group of leading UK scientists have recommended that heat waves should 6 (name) in order to raise awareness of the health risks. The Met Office, the UK’s national weather service, has issued an amber warning. Temperatures are expected 7 (rise) to 35℃, and there have been predictions 8 the record for the UK’s hottest day could be broken. Government officials have met to discuss whether to introduce a heat wave emergency. To cope with hot weather, the NHS (National Health Service) says people should try to keep out of the Sun between 11 am and 3 pm, 9 temperatures are at their highest and the sun is strongest. Make sure you wear a hat, 10 (apply) sunscreen under the sunlight and drink plenty of water. If you are swimming outdoors to cool down, make sure you’re with a trusted adult and follow local safety advice. 【答案】 1．as 2．caused 3．more 4．who 5．can/may 6．be named 7．to rise 8．that 9．when 10．apply 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。主要讲述了英国受到热浪袭击，专家对公众发出的健康预警以及应对高温的相关建议。 1．考查介词。句意：热浪被定义为一段时间的炎热天气，期间的温度高于一年中这一时间的预期水平。此处是固定搭配：be defined as意为“定义为”，填介词as。故填as。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，气候变化（天气模式的长期变化，主要由燃烧化石燃料、耕种和砍伐森林等人类活动引起）正在增加热浪发生的机会，并使其更加极端。本句已有谓语动词is，所以cause用非谓语形式，根据后文的by可知，用过去分词表被动，作后置定语修饰long-term changes to weather patterns。故填caused。 3．考查形容词比较级。句意：在一些欧洲国家，目前的炎热天气甚至更为极端——西班牙南部的气温已达到46摄氏度。根据空前的even可知，even修饰形容词extreme的比较级，extreme为多音节单词，其比较级为more extreme。故填more。 4．考查定语从句。句意：热浪可能对人们的健康构成威胁，特别是对那些脆弱的人，如老人、孩子和有某些健康状况的人。空处引导定语从句，先行词是those，代指人，在从句中作主语，应填关系代词，当先行词为those时，关系代词用who。故填who。 5．考查情态动词。句意：然而，任何人都可能遭受极端高温的影响，包括脱水（没有足够的水）和中暑（由身体过热引起的一种情况）。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词为suffer，根据上文“Heat waves can be a danger to people’s health”可知，此处表示“可能遭受……”，使用情态动词may。此处也应该使用can表示基于现有证据或情况对某事发生的可能性进行的较为肯定的判断。故填can/may。 6．考查动词语态。句意：一群英国顶尖科学家建议应该给热浪命名，以提高人们对健康风险的认识。name作从句谓语，和主语heat waves之间是被动关系，用被动语态，空前是情态动词should，be动词用原形。故填be named。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：气温预计将升至35℃，有预测称，英国最热的一天可能会被打破。be expected to do sth.意为“预计……”；此处表示“气温预计上升”，设空处填动词不定式。故填to rise。 8．考查同位语从句。句意：气温预计将升至35℃，有预测称，英国最热的一天可能会被打破。空格处位于名词之后，对名词进一步解释，所以为同位语从句，从句不缺成分，句意完整，用连接词that引导。故填that。 9．考查定语从句。句意：为了应对炎热的天气，英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）表示，人们应该在上午11点到下午3点之间尽量远离太阳，这段时间温度最高，太阳也最强。此处引导非限定性定语句，修饰先行词“between 11 am and 3 pm，上午11点到下午3点之间”，在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故填when。 10．考查谓语动词以及时态。句意：一定要戴帽子，在阳光下涂防晒霜，多喝水。设空处与wear，drink并列，作从句谓语，从句为一般现在时，主语为you，所以填动词apply原形。故填apply。 主题01 人与社会：生活与学习 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海第二中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. In almost every culture in the world, mothers are thought to be more important than fathers during children’s development and more likely to build strong bonds with their children. This belief 1 (exist) for a long time until scientists started asking a new question: What impacts do fathers 2 their children lives besides their genes? If they mean nothing, they would have disappeared from children’s lives at an earlier time in evolution. In the past few years, American journalist Paul Raeburn 3 (collect) various discoveries. He now put them into his new book. Do Fathers Matter? What Science Is Telling Us About the Parent We’ve Overlooked, hoping to make people better see the numerous ways 4 fathers influence their children. For example, Ronold Preston Rohner, a scientist at the University of Connecticut, US, spent several years 5 (study) how being accepted or rejected by one’s parents influences children’s personality. He found that children 6 are accepted by both parents are usually independent and hold a positive worldview, while those who feel rejected by either parent may 7 (prove) hostile (有敌意的) and negative, Another study, by Richard Koestner at McGill University, Canada, 8 (focus) on how children develop empathy. After looking at various possible factors, Koestner found that one is 9 much greater importance than others—how much time their fathers spend with them. “We were amazed to find that how affectionate parents were with their children made a big difference to their empathy,” said Koestner. “And we were astounded at how strong the father’s influence was.” So 10 seems that a father’s company may indeed play a part in a child’s happiness. However, that doesn’t mean children in families without fathers are going to become failures—just look at former US president Barack Obama. 【答案】 1．had existed 2．on 3．has collected 4．that 5．studying 6．who/that 7．prove 8．focused 9．of 10．it 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍科学家对父亲在孩子成长过程中影响的研究，向读者普及了关于父亲角色的新知识，并强调了父亲陪伴对孩子幸福的重要性。 1．考查谓语动词。句意：这种观念存在了很长时间，直到科学家们开始提出一个新问题：除了基因之外，父亲对孩子的生活还有哪些影响？分析句子成分可知，空处为本句谓语动词；根据时间状语“for a long time”以及从句的时态可推测，本句时态为过去完成时；主语为“this belief”，单数，和动词“exist”之间为主动关系。故填had existed。 2．考查固定搭配。句意：这种观念存在了很长时间，直到科学家们开始提出一个新问题：除了基因之外，父亲对孩子的生活还有哪些影响？根据句意可知，空处考查固定搭配：impact on…，意为“对……的影响”，符合句意。故填on。 3．考查谓语动词。句意：在过去的几年里，美国记者保罗·雷伯恩收集了各种发现。分析句子成分可知，空处为本句谓语动词；根据时间状语“In the past few years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为“Paul Raeburn”，单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has collected。 4．考查定语从句。句意：现在，他把这些发现写进了他的新书《父亲重要吗？科学告诉我们忽视了哪种父母》中，希望让人们更好地看到父亲以多种方式影响孩子的无数途径。分析句子成分可知，空处考查定语从句中的关系词，先行词为“ways”，在定语从句中担当方式状语，用that引导。故填that。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，美国康涅狄格大学的科学家罗纳德·普雷斯顿·罗纳发现，花了几年时间研究父母对孩子的接纳或拒绝如何影响孩子的性格。分析句子成分可知，空处为非谓语动词担当介词后的宾语，用动名词形式，构成短语：spend…(in) doing，意为“花费……做某事”。故填studying。 6．考查定语从句。句意：他发现，被父母双方接纳的孩子通常更加独立，持有积极的世界观，而那些感到被父母任何一方拒绝的孩子可能会表现出敌意和消极的态度。考查定语从句的关系词，先行词为“children”，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。 7．考查动词。句意：他发现，被父母双方接纳的孩子通常更加独立，持有积极的世界观，而那些感到被父母任何一方拒绝的孩子可能会表现出敌意和消极的态度。分析句子成分可知，空处为情态动词之后，用动词原形。主语为“those”，和动词“prove”之间为主动关系。故填prove。 8．考查谓语动词。句意：另一项研究由加拿大麦吉尔大学的理查德·科斯特纳进行，该研究关注孩子如何发展同理心。分析句子成分可知，空处为本句谓语动词；根据下文可知，本句时态为一般过去。故填focused。 9．考查介词。句意：在研究了各种可能因素后，科斯特纳发现其中一个因素比其他因素都重要得多，那就是父亲与孩子在一起的时间长短。分析句子成分可知，空处为介词of，构成固定搭配：be of + n，意思相当于，be+该名词的形容词形式。故填of。 10．考查代词。句意：因此，看来父亲的陪伴确实可能在孩子的幸福中发挥作用。分析句子成分可知，空处为形式主语“it”，构成句型：it seems that…，意为“似乎……”，符合句意。故填it。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海同济大学一附中·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. When I was a child my family would always sit down together for meals. My favourite was among the simplest: spaghetti pomodoro, pasta in tomato sauce. We ate fresh vegetables and fruit, and, starting in our teenage years, 1 (drink) a glass of red wine. We ate together. I enjoyed a few slices of prosciutto and practised a wide variety of outdoor sports. This centuries-old Mediterranean(地中海) diet kept me fit, 2 turned out to be good not just my personal well-being, but for the planet’s health too. In 2020 we will celebrate   3 tenth anniversary of UNESCO’s designation (指定) of this Mediterranean diet as a “Cultural Heritage of Humanity”. But unfortunately, Italians 4 (turn) away from their traditional healthy diet. We have started to eat more fast food and have increased our portions. 5 (few) Italians enjoy social meals with family and friends. Italian children were 6 the most overweight in a recent study of 30 countries by the WHO. Poor nutrition is a global problem, not just an Italian one. The fact that it’s hitting Italy, the land 7 the Mediterranean diet originated, represents a dangerous contradiction-- one of many affecting the world of food. After years of decline, hunger is back on the rise. Globally, some 821 million people still do not have enough 8 (eat). Yet 9 the poor south hungers, the rich north gorges: some 2 billion people are overweight. We waste one-third of global food production. Livestock consume an estimated two-thirds of all the land that 10 (devote) to agriculture and contribute about half of farming-related greenhouse-gas emissions. 【答案】 1．drank 2．which 3．the 4．are turning/have been turning 5．Fewer 6．among 7．where 8．to eat 9．though/although/while 10．is devoted 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了关于地中海饮食以及意大利人的饮食变化和全球饮食相关问题。 1．考查动词时态。句意：我们吃新鲜的蔬菜和水果，并且从青少年时期开始，会喝一杯红葡萄酒。 and连接并列的谓语动词，前面ate是一般过去时，所以这里drink也用一般过去时。故填drank。 2．考查连词。句意：这种有着数百年历史的地中海饮食让我保持健康，结果证明它不仅对我的个人幸福有益，而且对地球的健康也有益。 此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，用关系代词 which。故填which。 3．考查冠词。句意：在2020年，我们将庆祝联合国教科文组织将这种地中海饮食指定为“人类文化遗产”的十周年纪念日。 序数词tenth前要用定冠词the，表示“第十个”。故填the。 4．考查动词时态。句意：但不幸的是，意大利人正在背离了他们传统的健康饮食。 本句强调动作在进行或是从过去开始一直持续到现在且仍在进行，用现在进行时或现在完成进行时，主语 Italians 是复数，故填are turning/have been turning。 5．考查形容词比较级。句意：越来越少的意大利人喜欢和家人、朋友一起进行社交性用餐。结合前文说意大利人背离传统饮食等情况，这里表示“更少的”意大利人，用few的比较级，句首首字母大写 。故填Fewer。 6．考查介词。句意：在世界卫生组织对 30 个国家进行的一项近期研究中，意大利儿童属于超重情况最严重的群体之一。介词among 表示“在…… 之中；…… 之一” ，符合“意大利儿童在30个国家研究里属于超重群体之一”的语境。故填among。 7．考查定语从句。句意：它冲击着意大利，这个地中海饮食起源的地方，这一事实代表了一种危险的矛盾——影响食品领域的众多矛盾之一。 先行词是the land，在在限制性定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where 。故填where。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：在全球范围内，约有 8.21 亿人仍然没有足够的食物可吃。此处用动词不定式to eat作后置定语，修饰enough，表示“可吃的（东西）”。故填to eat。 9．考查连词。句意：然而，当贫穷的南方在挨饿时，富裕的北方却在暴饮暴食：约有20亿人超重。根据句意可知，此处使用though/although/while引导让步状语从句，强调让步转折，故填though/although/while。 10．考查时态语态。句意：牲畜消耗了估计用于农业的所有土地的三分之二，并且贡献了与农业相关的大约一半的温室气体排放。描述现实状况用一般现在时，land和devote之间是被动关系，用被动语态，先行词land是不可数名词，助动词是is。故填is devoted。 Passage 3 (24-25高一上·上海华二附中·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. There is a tendency to feel out of control and more fearful when we are unfamiliar with or don’t understand something. When I hear people who don’t travel 1 (express) fears about faraway places, I like to ask them how they formed their opinion. Usually it is from outdated news stories, friend-of-a-friend anecdotes (趣闻轶事), or politically-motivated tales. It is rare to meet a fearful traveler. It is even rarer to meet a traveler that grows more fearful as they gain experience. There is something telling in that. Sure, there are places in the world that are inadvisable 2 (visit), for example, disaster and conflict zones, but they are extremely small. Demonizing (妖魔化) strangers is easy. It is 3 (easy) to demonize friends. Traveling, 4 (expose) to another culture and connecting with people helps reduce the risk that areas of conflict  will spread. Through traveling, you learn quickly that it is foolish to put people into categories and that the cartoonish impressions 5 (use) to describe other nationalities are completely inaccurate. In fact, when you see someone thoughtlessly demonizing any group they do not know well, it says much more about the accuser than 6 accused. Through traveling, we learn that people of all cultures share basically the same hopes and aspirations 7 we have. Yes, outside appearances are often vastly different. We dress in different manners and have different traditions and languages. Some cultures are outgoing and 8 are more reserved. But all cultures love their children, are proud of their heritage, want to improve conditions for their families and leave a legacy of some sort behind. Through traveling, which is essentially a journey into the unknown, our preconceptions, often deeply rooted in our cultural backgrounds, 9 (challenge) in ways that compel us to question and sometimes even reshape our beliefs. You will see other, perhaps better, ways of accomplishing positive things. 10 building walls and barriers to understanding, we should be searching for common ground, encouraging humankind to be more tolerant of each other. 【答案】 1．expressing 2．to visit 3．less easy 4．being exposed 5．used 6．the 7．that 8．others 9．are challenged 10．Instead of 【导语】这是一篇议论文，主要讨论了旅行对个人认知和态度的影响，特别是如何通过旅行减少对未知事物的恐惧和误解，增进不同文化之间的理解和尊重。 1．考查现在分词。句意：当听到那些不旅行的人表达对遥远地方的恐惧时，我喜欢问他们是如何形成这些观点的。“hear”是谓语动词，“people”是宾语，“people”和“express”是主动关系，根据句意“听到那些不旅行的人表达”可知，此处考查hear sb doing，所以要用express的现在分词作宾语补足语。故填expressing。 2．考查不定式。句意：当然，世界上有些地方不建议去，比如灾难和冲突地区，但这些地方非常少。be+adj+to do为固定结构，此处表示“不建议去旅行”。故填to visit。 3．考查比较级。句意：但要妖魔化朋友更难。根据前一句“Demonizing strangers is easy”可知，此处是与其进行比较，表示“妖魔化朋友更难”，表示“更难”可以用less easy。故填less easy。 4．考查动名词的被动语态。句意：旅行，接触另一种文化和与人建立联系有助于减少冲突区域蔓延的风险。空处与traveling和connecting并列作主语，用动名词，be exposed to“接触”，此处用being exposed。故填being exposed。 5．考查过去分词。句意：通过旅行，你会迅速了解到，把人归类是愚蠢的，用来描述其他民族的漫画般印象是完全不准确的。空处应为定语修饰名词“impressions”，与use构成被动关系，要用过去分词作后置定语表被动。故填used。 6．考查定冠词。句意：事实上，当你看到有人轻率地妖魔化他们不太了解的任何群体时，这更多地反映了指责者的情况，而不是被指责者。根据“it says much more about the accuser than _____ accused”可知，此处是“the accused”和“the accuser”进行比较，表示“它更多地说明了指控者而不是被指控者的情况”，为“the+形容词”表示一类人。故填the。 7．考查定语从句。句意：通过旅行，我们了解到所有文化的人都基本上有着和我们相同的希望和抱负。空处引导定语从句修饰先行词“hopes and aspirations”，先行词被“the same”修饰，引导词指物在从句中作宾语。故填that。 8．考查代词。句意：一些文化是外向的，而另一些则是更为内敛的。根据句意可知，前后句子形成对比。some…，others…表示“一些……，其他的……”所以此处要用代词“others”表示“其他的”。故填others。 9．考查动词时态和语态。句意：通过旅行，即本质上是一次进入未知世界的旅程，我们的先入之见，往往深深植根于我们的文化背景中，以一种促使我们质疑甚至重塑信念的方式受到挑战。句子主语为“our preconceptions”，所给词“challenge”是句子谓语。因为“our preconceptions”和“challenge”是被动关系，所以要用被动语态，又因为全文描述的是客观事实，所以要用一般现在时，主语“preconceptions”是复数，所以be动词要用are。故填are challenged。 10．考查介词短语。句意：我们应该寻找共同点，鼓励人类更加宽容彼此，而不是筑起理解和交流的障碍。根据句意，building walls and barriers to understanding为不应该做的事情，空处要用短语instead of“表示“代替，而不是”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Instead of。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海行知中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages co herent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Today’s stars are at the center of much of the world’s attention. Paparazzi (狗仔队) camp outside their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids (小报) publishing stories about their personal lives. Although being famous might sound like a dream come true, they, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us 1 imagine. 2 psychologist Christina Villareal, celebrities — famous people — worry constantly about their public appearance. Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are, seeing 3 the way their fans imagine them, not as the people they were before everyone knew their names. “Over time,” Villareal says, “they feel separated and alone.” The phenomenon of tracking celebrities 4 (be) around for ages. In the 4th century B．C．, painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, 5 (hope) to picture his victories for his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites 6 . Being a public figure today, however, is a lot 7 (difficult). Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras. When they say something silly or do something ridiculous, there is always the Internet 8 (spread) the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever. 9 fame is so troublesome, why aren’t all celebrities running away from it? The answer is there are still ways to deal with it. Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities. They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or 10 made them famous in the first place. 【答案】 1．can 2．According to 3．themselves 4．has been 5．hoping 6．do 7．more difficult 8．to spread 9．If 10．whatever/what 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了媒体追踪名人的现象，包括其由来、如今的差异、对名人造成的压力及名人应对的方法等。 1．考查情态动词。句意：虽然成名听起来像是梦想成真，但他们就像动物园里的动物一样，面临着我们几乎无法想象的压力。分析句子可知，空处应用情态动词和imagine组成谓语动词，结合“pressures”可推知，此处表示这种压力我们几乎无法想象，应用表示能力的can。故填can。 2．考查固定短语。句意：心理学家Christina Villareal表示，名人总是担心自己的公众形象。根据“psychologist Christina Villareal”可推知，此处是引述心理学家Christina Villareal的看法，表示该看法的依据，空处应用固定短语according to，且空处位于句首，according的首字母需大写。故填According to。 3．考查代词。句意：最终，他们开始忘记自己到底是谁，以粉丝想象的方式看待自己，而不是每个人都知道他们名字之前的自己。分析句子可知，空处作seeing的宾语，结合“the way their fans imagine them”可推知，空处指的是名人，seeing的实施者和承受者都是they，因此应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 4．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：追踪名人的现象由来已久。分析句子可知，空处作句子的系动词，时间状语为for ages，句子应用现在完成时，且主语phenomenon为单数，助动词用has。故填has been。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：公元前4世纪，画家跟随亚历山大大帝参加了战斗，希望为他的崇拜者描绘他的胜利。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处的行为和主句行为同时发生，作伴随状语，hope“希望”和painters逻辑上是主动关系，应用hope的现在分词形式。故填hoping。 6．考查替代。句意：20世纪20年代和30年代的小报刊登关于电影明星的文章的方式与现代小报和网站的做法大致相同。根据“in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites”可推知，此处指上文提到的ran articles about film-stars，为避免重复，应用do进行替代。故填do。 7．考查形容词比较级。句意：然而，如今作为公众人物要困难得多。根据“a lot”可推知，此处表示“困难得多”，a lot用于强调比较的概念，空处应用difficult的比较级形式。故填more difficult。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：当他们说了一些愚蠢的话或做了一些荒谬的事情时，总会有互联网在几分钟内传播新闻，让他们的“故事”永远活着。分析句子可知，空处作the Internet的后置定语，是非谓语动词，句子为there be句型，spread和the Internet逻辑上是主动关系，且动作将发生，应用spread的不定式形式。故填to spread。 9．考查状语从句。句意：如果名声这么麻烦，为什么并非所有的名人都逃离它？根据“fame is so troublesome”和问句“why aren’t all celebrities running away from it”可推知，此处是假设一个情况，引出问题，应用if引导条件状语从句，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填If。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：他们关注的不是他们有多出名，而是他们喜欢做什么，或者是什么让他们出名的。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句，和what they love to do并列，作on的宾语，宾语从句缺少主语，结合“made them famous”可知，主语指“任何……的事物”或“……的东西”，应用连接代词whatever或what作引导词。故填whatever/what。 Passage 2 (23-24高一上·上海复旦附中·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Deep asleep? You can still follow simple commands Scientists once considered sleep to be like a shade getting drawn over a window between the brain and the outside world: when the shade is closed, the brain stops 1 (react) to outside stimuli. A study published on 12 October in Nature Neuroscience suggested that there might be periods during sleep when that shade is partially open. Depending on what researchers said to them, participants in the study would 2 smile or frown on cue in certain phases of sleep. “You’re not supposed to be able to do stuff 3 you sleep,” says Delphine Oudiette, a cognitive scientist at the Paris Brain Institute in France and a co-author of the study. Historically, the definition of sleep is that consciousness of your environment stops, she adds. “It means you don’t react to the external world.” A few years ago, however, Oudiette began questioning this definition after she and her team conducted an experiment 4 they were able to communicate with people who are aware that they are dreaming while they sleep — otherwise known as lucid dreamers. During these people’s dreams, experimenters were able to ask questions and get responses through eye and facial-muscle movements. Karen Konkoly, who was a co-author on that study and a cognitive scientist at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, says that after that paper came out, “it was a big open question in our minds 5 communication would be possible with non-lucid dreamers”. Hence, Oudiette continued with the work. In her latest study, she and her colleagues observed 27 people with narcolepsy — characterized by daytime sleepiness and a high frequency of lucid dreams — and 22 people without the condition. While they were sleeping, participants 6 (ask) to frown or smile. All of them responded accurately to at least 70% of these prompts. Overall response rates were higher for all participants during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, when the deepest sleep occurs but the brain remains more active than during other sleep stages. The researchers tracked participants’ brain activity during the experiments using electroencephalography  (EEG), which captures signals from electrodes (电极) placed along a person’s scalp (头皮). What this shows was that “you have some physiological states that are 7 (favourable) to drawing the window shade than opening it to the external world”, Oudiette says. 8 (use) similar experiments, researchers might gain a better understanding of various sleep disorders, including insomnia and sleep walking, she says. Later on, they might begin to identify the parts of the brain that are active during sleep, and how 9 relate to consciousness. This study being conducted is part of a larger evolution in the field of sleep research, says Melanie Strauss, a neurologist and cognitive scientist at Erasmus Hospital in Brussels, Belgium. Researchers 10 (move) away from monitoring sleep mainly with EEG and towards “fine grained” approaches that combine EEG with various tasks and stimuli — a strategy that could help to shed light on specific diseases or conditions, she says. 【答案】 1．reacting 2．or 3．while 4．where 5．whether 6．were asked 7．more favourable 8．Using 9．those 10．are moving 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项关于睡眠的研究。科学界认为睡眠就像一个帘子，在大脑和外界的窗户上拉了一个帘子，当帘子关闭时，大脑就会停止对外界刺激的反应。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们曾经认为睡眠就像大脑和外部世界之间的窗户上拉上的窗帘:当窗帘关闭时，大脑就停止对外界刺激的反应。stop to do sth。表示停下来去做某事；stop doing sth.表示停止做某事。此处表示大脑停止反应，所以为stop doing sth.。故填reacting。 2．考查固定搭配。句意：根据研究人员对他们说的话，研究参与者在睡眠的特定阶段会根据提示微笑或皱眉。此处表示的是“睡眠的特定阶段会根据提示微笑或皱眉”；either…or…意为“或者……或者……”。故填or。 3．考查连词。句意：该研究的合著者、法国巴黎大脑研究所的认知科学家戴尔芬·欧迪耶特说:“睡觉的时候，你不应该做任何事情。”分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入连词；此处表示的是“睡觉的时候，你不应该做任何事情”，while表示“当……时候”。后接的动词为连续性动词。故填while。 4．考查定语从句。句意：然而，几年前，Oudiette和她的团队进行了一项实验，在实验中，他们能够与那些在睡觉时意识到自己在做梦的人(也被称为清醒梦者)交流，之后她开始质疑这一定义。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入定语从句的连接词，从句中句子成分完整，因此需要填入关系副词，此处表示的是“在实验中”，因此用关系副词where。故填where。 5．考查同位语从句。句意：该研究的合著者、伊利诺伊州埃文斯顿西北大学(Northwestern University)的认知科学家凯伦·康科利(Karen Konkoly)说，在那篇论文发表后，“我们脑海中有一个悬而未决的大问题，那就是是否有可能与非清醒梦者进行交流”。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入连词，从句位于名词question之后，对question进一步解释说明，因此为同位语从句；此处指的是“是否有可能与非清醒梦者进行交流”，所以空格处缺少“是否”之意，引导同位语董局。故填whether。 6．考查被动语态。句意：当他们睡觉时，参与者被要求皱眉或微笑。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入谓语动词，此处表示的是被“被要求”，所以需要使用被动语态，此处描述的是过去的事情，所以需要使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，所以be动词用were。故答案为were asked。 7．考查形容词。句意：这表明，“你有一些生理状态，更有利于拉上窗帘，而不是打开窗户，面对外部世界，”Oudiette说。此处位于be动词之后，因此需要填入形容词，表示的是“更有利于”，所以需要用形容词比较级。故填more favourable。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：她说，通过类似的实验，研究人员可能会更好地了解各种睡眠障碍，包括失眠和梦游。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入非谓语动词，句子的逻辑主语与动词之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填Using。 9．考查指示代词。句意：之后，他们可能会开始识别在睡眠中活跃的大脑部分，以及这些部分与意识的关系。分析句子结构可知，句子中缺少主语，因此需要填入代词，此处指的是“那些部分”，所以用指示代词those。故填those。 10．考查现在进行时。句意：她说，研究人员正在从主要用脑电图监测睡眠，转向将脑电图与各种任务和刺激结合起来的“细粒度”方法——一种有助于阐明特定疾病或状况的策略。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入谓语动词，此处表示的是“正在进行的动作”，所以需要使用一般现在时，主语为we，所以be动词用are。故填are moving。 Passage 3 (24-25高一上·上海复旦附中·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Ethnie vloggers popularize highs and lows of rural life Uyinga 1 (share) videos about the daily life of her family living on grassland in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region on social media for the past six years. 2 learning about herdsmen’s daily routines such as grazing livestock and cooking traditional Mongolian food through the videos, viewers can observe the 3 (stun) scenery of the grassland 4 listening to the sound of the wind blowing. “I don’t have any scripts. I just record the herdsmen’s normal life on the grassland in Xi Ujimchin Banner. And I think that’s the reason why people like them,” Uyinga, from the Mongolian ethnic group, said. In her latest videos, her family 1 (see) busily cutting grass in September that 2 (start) to turn yellow, and then storing it to feed livestock in the winter. “ 3 you can see, the grassland isn’t always green. Its beauty varies in different seasons,” the 29-year-old says in the video. “And we 4 get certain things done before winter comes, such as cutting the grass. As herdsmen, we have learned to respect nature and follow the rules of the grassland.” Uyinga said she hopes the videos she has posted on social media can help more people gain insights into the life of herdsmen and bring members of different ethnic groups 5 (close). She’s also glad to see that more young women from the Inner Mongolia, Xizang and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous regions have started to share their stories about the beautiful pastures on social media. Their simple 6 colorful lifestyles have become increasingly popular in recent years with many people yearning to escape the grind of life in the country’s major cities, she said. 【答案】 1．has been sharing 2．Besides 3．stunning 4．while 5．is seen 6．had started 7．As 8．must 9．closer 10． but 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。乌英嘎六年分享内蒙草原家人生活视频，展现牧民日常、美景，拉近民族距离。 1．考查时态。句意：在过去的六年里，乌英嘎（Uyinga）一直在社交媒体上分享她生活在内蒙古自治区草原上的家人的日常生活视频。此空应填谓语动词，主语Uyinga与share为主动关系，再根据句意和时间状语“for the past six years”可知，此处要用现在完成进行时，表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作，主语Uyinga是第三人称单数。故填has been sharing。 2．考查介词。句意：除了通过视频了解牧民放牧牲畜和烹饪传统蒙古菜等日常活动外，观众还可以在听风的同时观察草原的壮丽景色。此处表示“除了……以外（包括在内）”，应用介词besides，符合语境，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Besides。 3．考查形容词。句意：除了通过视频了解牧民放牧牲畜和烹饪传统蒙古菜等日常活动外，观众还可以在听风的同时观察草原的壮丽景色。此处修饰名词scenery，要用形容词作定语，stunning，表示“令人惊叹的”，为形容词，符合语境。故填stunning。 4．考查连词。句意：除了通过视频了解牧民放牧牲畜和烹饪传统蒙古菜等日常活动外，观众还可以在听风的同时观察草原的壮丽景色。根据句意和结构可知，此空应填while，表“同时”，引导时间状语从句，而while后使用了状语从句的省略。故填while。 5．考查时态和语态。句意：在她最新的视频中，可以看到她的家人在九月忙着割草，那时草开始变黄，然后把草储存起来供冬天喂养牲畜。这里考查谓语动词，此处主语her family与see是被动关系，且根据语境描述的是过去的情况，要用一般过去时的被动语态，主语family这里指“家人”，是复数概念。故填were seen。 6．考查时态。句意：在她最新的视频中，可以看到她的家人在九月忙着割草，那时草开始变黄，然后把草储存起来供冬天喂养牲畜。这里考查谓语动词，grass与start为主动关系，“草开始变黄”这个动作发生在“忙着割草”之前，即 “过去的过去”，要用过去完成时。故填had started。 7．考查连词。句意：“正如你所看到的，草原并不总是绿色的。它的美在不同季节各不相同。” 这位 29 岁的年轻人在视频中说道。此处 “as you can see”是固定表达，意为“正如你所见”，引导非限制性定语从句，且句首时首字母应大写。故填As。 8．考查情态动词。句意：而且我们必须在冬天来临之前完成某些事情，比如割草。根据语境，这里表达的是必要性，“必须”做某事，应用情态动词must。故填 must。 9．考查比较级。句意：乌英嘎说，她希望自己在社交媒体上发布的视频能够帮助更多人了解牧民的生活，并让不同民族的成员关系更紧密。此处表示与之前相比“更紧密”，用比较级形式，bring sb. closer 表示“使某人关系更紧密”，符合句意。故填closer。 10．考查连词。句意：她说，近年来，她们简单但丰富多彩的生活方式越来越受欢迎，因为许多人渴望逃离国内大城市的枯燥生活。此处 “simple”与“colorful”是转折关系，应用but连接。故填 but。 主题03 人与自然：人文地理 Passage 1 (23-24高一上·上海建平中学·期中) Directions: After reading the two passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Classic gardens of Suzhou Fine works of art and architecture form an important part of our cultural heritage. Fortunately, some of these cultural sites 1 (preserve) well since they were unearthed. Chinese garden design, 2 seeks to recreate miniature natural landscapes, couldn’t be any better illustrated than in the nine gardens in the historic city of Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Suzhou’s classical gardens, 3 buildings and landscape are coupled together, create a harmonious union between man and nature. The classical gardens of Suzhou are the unification of houses and gardens, and they were meant to be appreciated and lived in as well. A thickly populated city 4 Suzhou often lacks rich natural scenery, and that is why such typical architecture should be found in the city. 5 (improve) their living conditions, certain individuals in Suzhou would attempt to create harmony in their living environment by constructing their homes together with nature. Founded in the Song Dynasty, Canglang Pavilion has 6 (long) history among all of the existing classical gardens of Suzhou. Naturally well designed, it 7 (call) one of the four best gardens in Suzhou. 8 other three are Lion Grove Garden, the Humble Administrator’s Garden and Lingering Garden. The masterfully designed Canglang Pavilion looks simple but elegant. Without fancy decorations, it combines buildings with scenery so perfectly and profoundly 9 the whole garden appears to have been formed naturally. Suzhou’s classical gardens hold high value for the study of Chinese landscape gardening, architecture, culture, aesthetics (美学) and philosophy. All nine of Suzhou’s most famous classical gardens 10 (add) to the World Heritage List by UNESCO in 1997. 【答案】 1．have been preserved 2．which 3．where 4．like 5．To improve 6．the longest 7．is called 8．The 9．that 10．were added 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了苏州的古典园林。 1．考查时态和语态。句意：幸运的是，这些文化遗址中的一些自发现以来就得到了保存。空处为主句谓语动词，preserve和主语之间是被动关系，根据时间状语since they were unearthed可知，应用现在完成时的被动语态。主语为复数，主谓一致，故填have been preserved。 2．考查定语从句。句意：中国的园林设计试图再现微型自然景观，这一点在江苏省历史名城苏州的九座园林中表现得再好不过了。分析可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Chinese garden design，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 3．考查定语从句。句意：苏州的古典园林，建筑和景观结合在一起，创造了人与自然的和谐结合。分析可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Suzhou’s classical gardens，关系副词where引导从句，在从句中作地点状语，意为“在那里”。故填where。 4．考查介词。句意：像苏州这样人口稠密的城市往往缺乏丰富的自然风光，这就是为什么在这个城市中会找到这样典型的建筑。根据句意可知，此处应用介词like和Suzhou构成介词短语，作后置定语。故填like。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善他们的生活条件，苏州的某些人会试图通过与自然一起建造家园来创造生活环境的和谐。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了”。句首字母大写，故填To improve。 6．考查形容词最高级。句意：沧浪亭始建于宋代，是苏州现存所有古典园林中历史最悠久的。根据句意和后文among all of the existing classical gardens of Suzhou可知，此处应用形容词的最高级作定语，修饰名词，表示“历史最悠久的”。故填the longest。 7．考查时态和语态。句意：自然设计精良，它（沧浪亭）被称为苏州四大园林之一。谓语动词call和主语it之间是被动关系，此处描述客观事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填is called。 8．考查冠词。句意：另外三个是狮子林花园、拙政园和留园。根据前文句意可知，此处特指“另外的三个园林”，应用定冠词限定。故填The。 9．考查固定句型。句意：没有花哨的装饰，它将建筑与风景完美而深刻地结合在一起，整个花园看起来是自然形成的。根据句意和前文so可知，此处应用that引导结果状语从句，so…that…“如此……以至于……”是固定句型。故填that。 10．考查时态和语态。句意：1997年，苏州最著名的九座古典园林全部被联合国教科文组织列入世界遗产名录。谓语动词add和主语之间是被动关系，根据时间状语in 1997可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为复数，主谓一致，故填were added。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海松江云间中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Into China’s Wild West I was born in Lanzhou, Gansu province. My family and I moved to France when I was six years old. Since then, Gansu has become the remote, mysterious land of my ancestors. Even though I come back to visit every year, I still wonder 1 the people there live, what they eat, and if I can still be considered one of them. Last year, I returned to the city for the Lunar New Year celebration. My favorite downtown noodle shop was already crowded at 7 a.m. I saw a five-year-old girl having breakfast with her mother at one table. At 2 table, a street cleaner in an orange outfit was calmly finishing his bowl next to a well-dressed businessman. Their lives 3 be worlds apart, yet here they share the same daily breakfast. Aside from the delicious noodles, most tourists will visit Dunhuang, a city famous for its ancient Buddhist grottoes and murals (佛教石窟和壁画). I took my first trip there in January 2023. The unique beauty of northwestern China became increasingly easy to see 4 I drove farther from Lanzhou. The barren (荒芜的) hills and open spaces seemed 5 (stretch) out forever, covered in a thin layer of snow that sparkled under the winter sun. I found myself impressed by the raw beauty of the vast land in front of me. Gansu felt so real. When I finally reached Dunhuang eight hours later, the temperatures 6 (drop) well below zero. The famous Mogao Caves demonstrate the rich cultural and spiritual exchanges that took place along the ancient Silk Road. I marveled at the countless frescoes (壁画) and statues 7 keep alive the stories of ancient pilgrims (朝圣者). The contrast between the cold, empty landscape surrounding Dunhuang and the colorful sacredness (神圣) of the caves was striking. 8 the amazing cultural heritage in Dunhuang, Gansu is not the most attractive place to live. It is largely a no-man’s land 9 (trouble) by droughts and sandstorms, but I am still proud of being born there. The memories of my childhood, the stories of my ancestors, and the rich culture of Gansu have created in me a sense of 10 (belong). It is where I truly feel at home. 【答案】 1．how 2．another 3．might 4．as 5．to stretch 6．had dropped 7．that/which 8．Despite 9．troubled 10．belonging 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者回到中国甘肃省兰州和敦煌的经历，描述了当地的生活、美食、文化和自然景观，以及这些经历带给作者的归属感和自豪感。 1．考查宾语从句。句意：尽管我每年都会回来，但我仍然想知道那里的人是如何生活的，他们吃什么，我是否还能被认为是他们中的一员。空处引导名词性从句作wonder的宾语，结合下一段叙述的去面馆吃早点的内容可知，从句中缺少方式状语，空处需表达“怎样，如何”，应用连接副词how作引导词。故填how。 2．考查限定词。句意：在另一张桌子上，一个穿着橙色衣服的街道清洁工正在平静地喝完他的碗，旁边是一个穿着讲究的商人。空处修饰table，结合前一句中“at one table”可知，此处指“在另一张桌子上”，应用限定词another表示“另一个”。故填another。 3．考查情态动词。句意：他们的生活可能天壤之别，但在这里，他们每天都吃同样的早餐。空处和be构成谓语，结合“worlds apart”可知，此处表示“他们的生活可能天壤之别”，应用might表达不太确定的推测，语气更委婉。故填might。 4．考查状语从句。句意：随着我驱车驶离兰州，中国西北独特的美景变得越来越清晰。空处前后均为完整的句子，前后两句中的动作同时发生，且是连续的，因此用从属连词as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。故填as。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：荒山和空地似乎永远延伸下去，被一层薄薄的雪覆盖着，在冬日的阳光下闪闪发光。固定短语seem to do意为“似乎做某事”，空处应用stretch“延伸”的不定式形式。故填to stretch。 6．考查动词时态。句意：8小时后，当我终于到达敦煌时，气温已经降到了零度以下。空处作主句的谓语，根据从句“When I finally reached Dunhuang eight hours later”可知，此处drop“下降”这一行为发生在到达这一节点以前，即过去的过去，时态应用过去完成时。故填had dropped。 7．考查定语从句。句意：我惊叹于无数的壁画和雕像，它们生动地讲述着古代朝圣者的故事。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词frescoes and statues，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。 8．考查介词。句意：尽管敦煌拥有令人惊叹的文化遗产，但甘肃并不是最吸引人的居住地。空后为名词短语，结合“Gansu is not the most attractive place to live”可知，此处表示让步的关系，应用介词despite表示“尽管，即使”，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填Despite。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：它基本上是一片无人区，饱受干旱和沙尘暴的困扰，但我仍然为自己出生在那里而感到自豪。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作land的后置定语，trouble“给……造成麻烦”和land逻辑上是被动关系，因此用trouble的过去分词形式。故填troubled。 10．考查名词。句意：童年的回忆，祖先的故事，甘肃丰富的文化，让我产生了归属感。空处作of的宾语，应用belong的名词形式belonging，意为“归属”,sense of belonging意为“归属感”。故填belonging。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 语法填空 主题01 人与社会：生活与学习 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海徐汇南洋中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Travels without internet It may sound hard to believe in this digital age but Yang Hao, a 32-year-old doctoral student studying in the United Kingdom, started on a solo trip the old-fashioned way last year, using a printed map, paying for everything using cash or a bank card, reading train times, and talking to strangers. Over the course of 134 days, he visited 68 counties and cities in 24 provinces and regions 1 China, read 40 books, documented his experiences, and used two cameras to record 2 he saw. Since his story was posted online, it 3 (go) viral, triggering widespread discussion and reflection on the modern dependence on technology. 4 he foresaw that it would trigger some discussion, the public attention his journey has drawn has exceeded his imagination. Last Nov 27, he set off from Taiyuan with a 40-liter backpack, 5 contained clothing, two cameras, maps, his identification card, bank cards, cash, two writing brushes, a bottle of calligraphy ink, a pen, a notebook, and three books. Standing at the Taiyuan Railway Station as his parents saw him off. “It was the first time in my life that both my parents saw me off together. They felt more distant from me without the internet,” Yang says, adding that his parents were likely 6 (worry) more about him as they couldn’t contact him by phone. Arriving at Linfen, he encountered the first challenge, as without a phone, he couldn’t book a hotel online. Although he showed his ID card and offered to pay cash at the hotel reception, it seemed that without a phone, he could not reserve a room. During the trip, Yang experienced lots of situations like this. At the entrance to the Hubei Provincial Museum in Wuhan, he 7 (not allow) in because the museum required reservation in advance and he couldn’t reserve a ticket online. Yang wrote his first letter to his parents on the third day. Holding the brush, he struggled to find the right words to start. “Through the traditional way of writing letters to convey my feelings and longing for my family, the distance and the waiting helped me reflect on my relationship with the world,” Yang says. He mailed 40 letters during his trip, and received five replies, which have become treasured memories. Yang returned to Taiyuan on April 9. His mother welcomed him with a bowl of noodles in accordance with the Chinese saying “Dumplings for departure, and noodles for return”. With the noodles 1 (warm) his belly, Yang felt that his journey had come to an end. 2 he first saw his phone and computer, which had been lying unused for more than four months, he didn’t want to turn them on, 3 he had become used to a quiet, peaceful life without the internet. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海师大二附中·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Make a difference to the environment It is often hard to determine whether the food we eat is eco-friendly or not. However, it is clear that some types of food have a 1 (big) environmental impact than others. What can we do in our everyday lives to make a difference? Firstly, we should avoid food that has travelled a long way. Food transport is a big source of CO₂, 2 causes global warming. In other words, it is best to eat food that 3 (produce) locally. Secondly, we should eat less fast food. 4 it is very convenient, fast food has become very popular, but it is unfortunately very bad for the environment. Most takeaway containers will probably end up in the rubbish dump. However, we can encourage restaurants 5 (use) recycled materials to pack their meals. Thirdly, we should avoid those types of food 6 cause huge environmental stress. For example, now rain forests around the world 7 (burn) down to make room for cattle farms. To protect the rainforest, we 8 eat less beef and avoid food that contains palm oil. Pollution and climate change are global problems, so we all need to work together. The good news is 9 every little bit counts. By using our resources 10 a more efficient way, we can save a lot of money at the same time as we save the environment. Passage 3 (24-25高一上·上海安亭高级中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word, for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Ten-year-old Annemarie Johansen lives with her family in Copenhagen, Denmark. There are soldiers on the streets, and the country 1 (control) by the Nazis. There isn’t enough to eat, and the world is at war. Then the Nazis decide to “relocate” the country’s Jewish population.The Danes don’t know 2 their friends and neighbors are being taken away. They don’t know 3 they are going, either. But they do know that it is wrong and dangerous and that they must help. Number the Stars is a very powerful novel. During World War I, the Nazis 4 (kill) millions of people in Europe. Many of those people were Jewish. But in Denmark, almost all of the Jewish population was saved. Number the Stars is a work of novel, but it tells the true story of the Jewish 5 (save) during the war. The moving plot is driven by justice, danger and excitement. But the book also deals with significant ideas that are much 6 (big) than the story itself. Anemarie must learn that evil doesn’t just appear in fairy tales. It’s a real thing that affects real people.She must also struggle with questions of loyalty and sacrifice. Who would she die to protect? And is she brave enough 7 (make) that sacrifice? Most importantly, Annemarie learns that 8 (be) brave doesn’t mean being fearless. It means doing the right thing despite the fact 9 you are afraid, That’s heavy stuff for a children’s novel. Lois Lowry, the author, has written award-winning novels for young people. Number the Stars is a remarkable example of the talent 10 has made her so celebrated. 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海闵行六校联考·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.   Getting the Kanye boost “I love you, Haikou!” said US rapper Kanye West, 47, during one of his two concerts in Haikou, Hainan province, in September. It was his performances 1 boosted the local economy and raised discussions about the “concert economy”, which has recently become a hot trend. China Daily noted that the booming concert industry 2 (drive) growth across the entire supply chain, from planning and venues to sound, lighting and promotion. It is also boosting related industries such as tourism and culture to develop. According to official statistics, West’s concert on Sep. 15 alone generated about 51 million yuan from ticket sales, 3 (contribute) 373 million yuan to Haikou’s tourism income. Kanye West and Haikou 4 (compare) with Taylor Swift and Singapore. According to Singapore authorities, Swift’s concerts in March generated about $300 million for local tourism. West chose to start his tour in Haikou 5 in major first-tier cities like Beijing or Shanghai, thanks to a series of favorable policies in Haikou. 6 international performers want to hold concerts in Chinese mainland cities, they need to apply for relevant visas and go through the approval process. Haikou benefits from the special policies of the Hainan Free Trade Port, where tourists from 59 countries 7 enter without a visa. Additionally, since May, 2018, China has issued a visa-free policy for foreign tourist groups 8 arrive by cruise ship, with Haikou and Sanya included as visa-free ports. These measures have made 9 easier for overseas performers to enter. Haikou was also proactive in hosting West’s concerts. “Actively introducing new types of performances popular among young people, such as concerts by international singers with massive fans, is a long-term strategy for high-quality tourism development,” the Hainan government stated on its official website. In addition to Haikou, many Chinese cities are adopting similar initiatives 1 (promote) their economies. In April, Jay Chou’s concerts in Hangzhou generated 1.3 billion yuan in cultural and tourism spending, according Hangzhou local authorities. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海同济附属中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Story of Baby Joy When Fridah gave birth to her daughter Joy at just six months, she feared the worst. In the poor village in Kenya, it was difficult for a premature (早产的) baby to survive. Luckily, the hospital had the machine 1 saved her life. This life-saving machine was part of a larger effort by UNICEF 2 (improve) newborn and child health in Kenya and African countries. Kenya 3 (manage) to cut under-five death rate by more than half in 2019. Experts predicted that the death rate in the country 4 (decrease) further in the next two years. However, more than 60,000 children still die each year before reaching five years of age due to poor health conditions. Currently, several projects 5 (organize) by UNICEF to make a difference. And China is also contributing a lot. Such partnership is of great importance. Kenya 6 (make) great progress in children’s issues in the past 4 years. That is why UNICEF decides to include other African countries in its work. This cooperation has become even 7 (necessary) as many developing countries are trying to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals of the Agenda 2030. Fortunately, the impact of the cooperation 8 children’s survival rate is evident in Joy’s story. “Joy is three years old now, and we can surely expect 9 bright future ahead for her,” Fridah says, who was really grateful for 10 UNICEF had done for her baby. Passage 3 (24-25高一上·上海顾村中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Japanese company has developed an artificial intelligence filter that can detect angry screams and translate them into calm speech in order to reduce the stress 1 (experience) by call center operators. Large tech companies have long been aware of the stress their call center operators are exposed to every single day, 2 many customers taking out their anger and frustrations on them. Some of them have even introduced stress management programs 3 include relaxation techniques, meditation, yoga, or therapy meant to irritability and anxiety. However, one Japanese company may have come up with a much 4 (efficient) solution-using AI to completely take screaming and aggressive speech out of the equation. SoftBank claims to have spent three years 5 (create) a voice filter that detects screaming and automatically translates it into calm speech. SoftBank’s voice filter consists of two stages, one in which the AI identifies 6 angry voice and extracts key points of speech, and a second where it uses acoustic tools to transform it into a more natural, even polite tone. Interestingly, the filter doesn’t change any of the word spoken by the person, but significantly softens the intonation. The call center operator will still hea any insults uttered, only in a soft tone, which 7 help reduce their stress and anxiety. 8 (train) the AI, SoftBank’s engineers asked 10 actors to record at least 100 common phrases including screams, accusations, threats, and demands for an apology. In total, more than 10,000 pieces of voice data 9 (use) to train the AI filter. It’s unclear 10 SoftBank plans to implement the new scream-filtering AI into its call centers, but it will be interesting to see how well it works and how it impacts the emotional wellbeing of operators. Passage 4 (24-25高一上·上海进才中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Physics Nobel scooped (赢得) by machine-learning pioneers Two researchers who developed tools for understanding the neural networks that form the basis of today’s boom in artificial intelligence (AI) have won the 2024 Nobel Prize in physics, 1 used tools from physics to come up with method that power artificial neural networks, which exploit brain-inspired, layered structures to learn abstract concepts. Their discoveries “form the building blocks of machine learning, that can aid humans in making faster and 2 (reliable) decisions”, said Nobel physics committee chair Ellen Moons. In 1982, Hopfield, a theoretical biologist with a background in physics, came up with a network that 3 (describe) connections between virtual neurons as physical forces. By 4 (store) patterns as a low-energy state of the network, the system was able to re-create these patterns when prompted (提示) with something similar. It became known as associative memory, because the way 5 it ‘recalls’ things is similar to the brain trying to remember a word or concept on the basis of related information. Hinton, a computer scientist, used principles from statistical physics to further develop the ‘Hopfield network’. By building probabilities into a layered version of the network, he created a tool 6 could recognize and classify images, or generate new examples of the type that it 7 (train) on. Hinton also won the A．M. Turing Award in 2018 - sometimes described as the ‘Nobel of computer science’. Speaking by telephone during the physics-prize announcement, Hinton said that learning he 8 (win) the Nobel was “ a bolt from the blue (意外事件)”. He added that advances in machine learning 9 (have) a huge influence, and “ it will be comparable with the industrial revolution. But 10 exceeding people in physical strength, it’s going to exceed people in intellectual ability.” 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海复旦附中·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Pushing past her limits At 11:31 am on July 18, I reached the summit of Mount Muztagh Ata in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. Standing at 7,546 meters at the age of 18, I earned the title of National Mountaineering Athlete. As I stood there, tears unexpectedly streamed down my face. Our team consisted of 17 people, including seven coaches. We started the climb at 3 am, making our way up in freezing temperatures. With the shortage of oxygen, every step was a struggle-my head throbbed (阵痛) with pain and my stomach churned (翻腾). I felt 1 I was on the verge of fainting. 2 a lack of appetite, I forced myself to eat something. My feet were swollen, and I could hardly feel 3 . After nearly three hours of struggle, the sun began to rise from behind the mountain, casting a warm glow on the snow. For a moment, I felt 4 (renew). I tried to take out my snow goggles, but I was too weak, and my coach had to help me. Feeling exhausted, I told my coach I wanted to slow down, but he noticed my nose was freezing and my lips were stiff. He warned me that if I didn’t keep moving, the cold 5 cause me to get sick, making it impossible to reach the summit. I immediately regained my focus and pushed myself to move 6 (fast). I was the last team member 7 (reach) the top, and though my teammates cheered me on, I was too tired to respond. The view was beautiful, but I was so exhausted that I couldn’t even appreciate it. My mind went numb, and every step during the final stretch seemed like a battle. But finally, I reached the peak. I sat down on a rock, dizzy and crying. Crying at that moment wasn’t just about the physical pain. It was a release of all the emotions I 8 (bottle up). It was a mix of exhaustion, awe for nature, and a sense of connection with the mountain. I was also proud of myself for making it to the top. When I returned to the busy city, surrounded by the noise of cars and crowds, I found myself missing the quiet world of the mountains. I missed the cold, damp sleeping bags, the faint nausea from the lack of food, and the stars and moon 9 (hang) over us in the early hours. It was only in that stillness 10 I truly appreciated the beauty of the mountains. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海嘉定高级中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Can Indoor Plants Really Purify (净化) the Air? Plants are very important to human life. Through photosynthesis (光合作用), they transform carbon dioxide into fresh oxygen. They 1 (believe) to remove toxins (毒素) from the air we breathe — but is this true? One famous NASA experiment 2 (publish) in 1989 has found indoor plants can clean the air by removing pollutants 3 cause cancer. Later research has found soil micro-organisms in the potted plant also 4 (play) a part in cleaning indoor air. Based on this research, some scientists say house plants are effective natural air purifiers, and the bigger and leafier the plant, the better. 5 , however, say the evidence that plants can effectively accomplish this feat (功绩) is far from conclusive. “There are no definitive studies to show that 6 (have) indoor plants can significantly increase the air quality in your home,” According to Luz Claudio, a professor of environmental medicine and public health. “There’s no question that plants are capable of removing volatile (易挥发的) chemical toxins from the air under laboratory conditions,” says Claudio. But in your home or office space, the idea that putting a few plants together 7 purify your air doesn’t have much hard science to support it. Most research efforts so far, including the NASA study, placed indoor plants in small, sealed environments to assess how much air-purifying power they have. “But those studies aren’t really applicable to what happens in house, 8 in many cases, the air in your home completely turns over — that is, exchanges places with outdoor air — once every hour. In most instances, air exchange with the outside has a 9 (great) effect on indoor air quality than plants.” says Stanley Kays, a professor of horticulture (园艺学). Disappointed as many people may be by what Kays said, the professor also believes 10 house plants are beneficial. Studies have shown plants can knock out stress and make people feel happier. More research shows spending time around nature has a positive effect on a person’s mood and energy levels. Passage 3 (24-25高一上·上海甘泉外国语中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Health Warning as UK Swelters People across the UK have enjoyed the sunshine this week, but they have also been advised to be careful as a heat wave hits much of the country. A heat wave is defined 1 a period of hot weather where temperatures are higher than is expected for the time of year. They usually happen in summer. However, climate change (long-term changes to weather patterns, mostly 2 (cause) by human activities such as burning fossil fuels, farming and cutting down forests) is increasing the chance of heat waves happening and making them more extreme. The current hot weather is even 3 (much) extreme in some European countries — temperatures in southern Spain have reached 46℃. Heat waves can be a danger to people’s health, especially for those 4 are vulnerable (易受影响的) such as the elderly children and people with certain health conditions. However, anyone 5 suffer from the effects of extreme heat, including dehydration (not having enough water) and heatstroke (a condition caused by the body overheating). A group of leading UK scientists have recommended that heat waves should 6 (name) in order to raise awareness of the health risks. The Met Office, the UK’s national weather service, has issued an amber warning. Temperatures are expected 7 (rise) to 35℃, and there have been predictions 8 the record for the UK’s hottest day could be broken. Government officials have met to discuss whether to introduce a heat wave emergency. To cope with hot weather, the NHS (National Health Service) says people should try to keep out of the Sun between 11 am and 3 pm, 9 temperatures are at their highest and the sun is strongest. Make sure you wear a hat, 10 (apply) sunscreen under the sunlight and drink plenty of water. If you are swimming outdoors to cool down, make sure you’re with a trusted adult and follow local safety advice. 主题01 人与社会：生活与学习 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海第二中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. In almost every culture in the world, mothers are thought to be more important than fathers during children’s development and more likely to build strong bonds with their children. This belief 1 (exist) for a long time until scientists started asking a new question: What impacts do fathers 2 their children lives besides their genes? If they mean nothing, they would have disappeared from children’s lives at an earlier time in evolution. In the past few years, American journalist Paul Raeburn 3 (collect) various discoveries. He now put them into his new book. Do Fathers Matter? What Science Is Telling Us About the Parent We’ve Overlooked, hoping to make people better see the numerous ways 4 fathers influence their children. For example, Ronold Preston Rohner, a scientist at the University of Connecticut, US, spent several years 5 (study) how being accepted or rejected by one’s parents influences children’s personality. He found that children 6 are accepted by both parents are usually independent and hold a positive worldview, while those who feel rejected by either parent may 7 (prove) hostile (有敌意的) and negative, Another study, by Richard Koestner at McGill University, Canada, 8 (focus) on how children develop empathy. After looking at various possible factors, Koestner found that one is 9 much greater importance than others—how much time their fathers spend with them. “We were amazed to find that how affectionate parents were with their children made a big difference to their empathy,” said Koestner. “And we were astounded at how strong the father’s influence was.” So 10 seems that a father’s company may indeed play a part in a child’s happiness. However, that doesn’t mean children in families without fathers are going to become failures—just look at former US president Barack Obama. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海同济大学一附中·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. When I was a child my family would always sit down together for meals. My favourite was among the simplest: spaghetti pomodoro, pasta in tomato sauce. We ate fresh vegetables and fruit, and, starting in our teenage years, 1 (drink) a glass of red wine. We ate together. I enjoyed a few slices of prosciutto and practised a wide variety of outdoor sports. This centuries-old Mediterranean(地中海) diet kept me fit, 2 turned out to be good not just my personal well-being, but for the planet’s health too. In 2020 we will celebrate   3 tenth anniversary of UNESCO’s designation (指定) of this Mediterranean diet as a “Cultural Heritage of Humanity”. But unfortunately, Italians 4 (turn) away from their traditional healthy diet. We have started to eat more fast food and have increased our portions. 5 (few) Italians enjoy social meals with family and friends. Italian children were 6 the most overweight in a recent study of 30 countries by the WHO. Poor nutrition is a global problem, not just an Italian one. The fact that it’s hitting Italy, the land 7 the Mediterranean diet originated, represents a dangerous contradiction-- one of many affecting the world of food. After years of decline, hunger is back on the rise. Globally, some 821 million people still do not have enough 8 (eat). Yet 9 the poor south hungers, the rich north gorges: some 2 billion people are overweight. We waste one-third of global food production. Livestock consume an estimated two-thirds of all the land that 10 (devote) to agriculture and contribute about half of farming-related greenhouse-gas emissions. Passage 3 (24-25高一上·上海华二附中·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. There is a tendency to feel out of control and more fearful when we are unfamiliar with or don’t understand something. When I hear people who don’t travel 1 (express) fears about faraway places, I like to ask them how they formed their opinion. Usually it is from outdated news stories, friend-of-a-friend anecdotes (趣闻轶事), or politically-motivated tales. It is rare to meet a fearful traveler. It is even rarer to meet a traveler that grows more fearful as they gain experience. There is something telling in that. Sure, there are places in the world that are inadvisable 2 (visit), for example, disaster and conflict zones, but they are extremely small. Demonizing (妖魔化) strangers is easy. It is 3 (easy) to demonize friends. Traveling, 4 (expose) to another culture and connecting with people helps reduce the risk that areas of conflict  will spread. Through traveling, you learn quickly that it is foolish to put people into categories and that the cartoonish impressions 5 (use) to describe other nationalities are completely inaccurate. In fact, when you see someone thoughtlessly demonizing any group they do not know well, it says much more about the accuser than 6 accused. Through traveling, we learn that people of all cultures share basically the same hopes and aspirations 7 we have. Yes, outside appearances are often vastly different. We dress in different manners and have different traditions and languages. Some cultures are outgoing and 8 are more reserved. But all cultures love their children, are proud of their heritage, want to improve conditions for their families and leave a legacy of some sort behind. Through traveling, which is essentially a journey into the unknown, our preconceptions, often deeply rooted in our cultural backgrounds, 9 (challenge) in ways that compel us to question and sometimes even reshape our beliefs. You will see other, perhaps better, ways of accomplishing positive things. 10 building walls and barriers to understanding, we should be searching for common ground, encouraging humankind to be more tolerant of each other. 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海行知中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages co herent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Today’s stars are at the center of much of the world’s attention. Paparazzi (狗仔队) camp outside their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids (小报) publishing stories about their personal lives. Although being famous might sound like a dream come true, they, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us 1 imagine. 2 psychologist Christina Villareal, celebrities — famous people — worry constantly about their public appearance. Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are, seeing 3 the way their fans imagine them, not as the people they were before everyone knew their names. “Over time,” Villareal says, “they feel separated and alone.” The phenomenon of tracking celebrities 4 (be) around for ages. In the 4th century B．C．, painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, 5 (hope) to picture his victories for his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites 6 . Being a public figure today, however, is a lot 7 (difficult). Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras. When they say something silly or do something ridiculous, there is always the Internet 8 (spread) the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever. 9 fame is so troublesome, why aren’t all celebrities running away from it? The answer is there are still ways to deal with it. Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities. They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or 10 made them famous in the first place. Passage 2 (23-24高一上·上海复旦附中·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Deep asleep? You can still follow simple commands Scientists once considered sleep to be like a shade getting drawn over a window between the brain and the outside world: when the shade is closed, the brain stops 1 (react) to outside stimuli. A study published on 12 October in Nature Neuroscience suggested that there might be periods during sleep when that shade is partially open. Depending on what researchers said to them, participants in the study would 2 smile or frown on cue in certain phases of sleep. “You’re not supposed to be able to do stuff 3 you sleep,” says Delphine Oudiette, a cognitive scientist at the Paris Brain Institute in France and a co-author of the study. Historically, the definition of sleep is that consciousness of your environment stops, she adds. “It means you don’t react to the external world.” A few years ago, however, Oudiette began questioning this definition after she and her team conducted an experiment 4 they were able to communicate with people who are aware that they are dreaming while they sleep — otherwise known as lucid dreamers. During these people’s dreams, experimenters were able to ask questions and get responses through eye and facial-muscle movements. Karen Konkoly, who was a co-author on that study and a cognitive scientist at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, says that after that paper came out, “it was a big open question in our minds 5 communication would be possible with non-lucid dreamers”. Hence, Oudiette continued with the work. In her latest study, she and her colleagues observed 27 people with narcolepsy — characterized by daytime sleepiness and a high frequency of lucid dreams — and 22 people without the condition. While they were sleeping, participants 6 (ask) to frown or smile. All of them responded accurately to at least 70% of these prompts. Overall response rates were higher for all participants during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, when the deepest sleep occurs but the brain remains more active than during other sleep stages. The researchers tracked participants’ brain activity during the experiments using electroencephalography  (EEG), which captures signals from electrodes (电极) placed along a person’s scalp (头皮). What this shows was that “you have some physiological states that are 7 (favourable) to drawing the window shade than opening it to the external world”, Oudiette says. 8 (use) similar experiments, researchers might gain a better understanding of various sleep disorders, including insomnia and sleep walking, she says. Later on, they might begin to identify the parts of the brain that are active during sleep, and how 9 relate to consciousness. This study being conducted is part of a larger evolution in the field of sleep research, says Melanie Strauss, a neurologist and cognitive scientist at Erasmus Hospital in Brussels, Belgium. Researchers 10 (move) away from monitoring sleep mainly with EEG and towards “fine grained” approaches that combine EEG with various tasks and stimuli — a strategy that could help to shed light on specific diseases or conditions, she says. Passage 3 (24-25高一上·上海复旦附中·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Ethnie vloggers popularize highs and lows of rural life Uyinga 1 (share) videos about the daily life of her family living on grassland in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region on social media for the past six years. 2 learning about herdsmen’s daily routines such as grazing livestock and cooking traditional Mongolian food through the videos, viewers can observe the 3 (stun) scenery of the grassland 4 listening to the sound of the wind blowing. “I don’t have any scripts. I just record the herdsmen’s normal life on the grassland in Xi Ujimchin Banner. And I think that’s the reason why people like them,” Uyinga, from the Mongolian ethnic group, said. In her latest videos, her family 1 (see) busily cutting grass in September that 2 (start) to turn yellow, and then storing it to feed livestock in the winter. “ 3 you can see, the grassland isn’t always green. Its beauty varies in different seasons,” the 29-year-old says in the video. “And we 4 get certain things done before winter comes, such as cutting the grass. As herdsmen, we have learned to respect nature and follow the rules of the grassland.” Uyinga said she hopes the videos she has posted on social media can help more people gain insights into the life of herdsmen and bring members of different ethnic groups 5 (close). She’s also glad to see that more young women from the Inner Mongolia, Xizang and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous regions have started to share their stories about the beautiful pastures on social media. Their simple 6 colorful lifestyles have become increasingly popular in recent years with many people yearning to escape the grind of life in the country’s major cities, she said. 主题03 人与自然：人文地理 Passage 1 (23-24高一上·上海建平中学·期中) Directions: After reading the two passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Classic gardens of Suzhou Fine works of art and architecture form an important part of our cultural heritage. Fortunately, some of these cultural sites 1 (preserve) well since they were unearthed. Chinese garden design, 2 seeks to recreate miniature natural landscapes, couldn’t be any better illustrated than in the nine gardens in the historic city of Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Suzhou’s classical gardens, 3 buildings and landscape are coupled together, create a harmonious union between man and nature. The classical gardens of Suzhou are the unification of houses and gardens, and they were meant to be appreciated and lived in as well. A thickly populated city 4 Suzhou often lacks rich natural scenery, and that is why such typical architecture should be found in the city. 5 (improve) their living conditions, certain individuals in Suzhou would attempt to create harmony in their living environment by constructing their homes together with nature. Founded in the Song Dynasty, Canglang Pavilion has 6 (long) history among all of the existing classical gardens of Suzhou. Naturally well designed, it 7 (call) one of the four best gardens in Suzhou. 8 other three are Lion Grove Garden, the Humble Administrator’s Garden and Lingering Garden. The masterfully designed Canglang Pavilion looks simple but elegant. Without fancy decorations, it combines buildings with scenery so perfectly and profoundly 9 the whole garden appears to have been formed naturally. Suzhou’s classical gardens hold high value for the study of Chinese landscape gardening, architecture, culture, aesthetics (美学) and philosophy. All nine of Suzhou’s most famous classical gardens 10 (add) to the World Heritage List by UNESCO in 1997. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·上海松江云间中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Into China’s Wild West I was born in Lanzhou, Gansu province. My family and I moved to France when I was six years old. Since then, Gansu has become the remote, mysterious land of my ancestors. Even though I come back to visit every year, I still wonder 1 the people there live, what they eat, and if I can still be considered one of them. Last year, I returned to the city for the Lunar New Year celebration. My favorite downtown noodle shop was already crowded at 7 a.m. I saw a five-year-old girl having breakfast with her mother at one table. At 2 table, a street cleaner in an orange outfit was calmly finishing his bowl next to a well-dressed businessman. Their lives 3 be worlds apart, yet here they share the same daily breakfast. Aside from the delicious noodles, most tourists will visit Dunhuang, a city famous for its ancient Buddhist grottoes and murals (佛教石窟和壁画). I took my first trip there in January 2023. The unique beauty of northwestern China became increasingly easy to see 4 I drove farther from Lanzhou. The barren (荒芜的) hills and open spaces seemed 5 (stretch) out forever, covered in a thin layer of snow that sparkled under the winter sun. I found myself impressed by the raw beauty of the vast land in front of me. Gansu felt so real. When I finally reached Dunhuang eight hours later, the temperatures 6 (drop) well below zero. The famous Mogao Caves demonstrate the rich cultural and spiritual exchanges that took place along the ancient Silk Road. I marveled at the countless frescoes (壁画) and statues 7 keep alive the stories of ancient pilgrims (朝圣者). The contrast between the cold, empty landscape surrounding Dunhuang and the colorful sacredness (神圣) of the caves was striking. 8 the amazing cultural heritage in Dunhuang, Gansu is not the most attractive place to live. It is largely a no-man’s land 9 (trouble) by droughts and sandstorms, but I am still proud of being born there. The memories of my childhood, the stories of my ancestors, and the rich culture of Gansu have created in me a sense of 10 (belong). It is where I truly feel at home. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $