新概念英语第三册名词性从句课件

What is 名词性从句？ 从句在句子中所起的作用相当于名词短语在句子中所起的作用，因此称为名词性从句。 根据在句子中充当不同成分，分为： 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。 主语 主语从句 His job is very important. 小结：做主语的是一个句子 位置：谓语动词之前 What he does is very important. Let’s learn 特殊：it作形式主语的主语从句 2 宾语 宾语从句 I don't like his job. 小结：做宾语的是一个句子 位置：动词后，介词后 I don't like what he does. Let’s learn 3 表语 表语从句 This is his job. 小结：做表语的是一个句子 位置：系动词之后 This is what he does. Let’s learn 4 同位语 同位语从句 I don't know Peter, the man in red. 小结：做同位语的是一个句子 位置：抽象名词之后，起解释说明作用 I don't know the fact that he is the boss. Let’s learn 常见抽象名词： hope/wish/fact/answer/problem/news/belief/idea/promise/suggestion/order/conclusion/information/thought/evidence 5 名词性从句的位置 主语从句: 宾语从句: 表语从句: 同位语从句: 谓语之前 及物动词/介词之后 系动词之后 名词之后 Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact is that he is always late for school. The news that we will have a picnic tomorrow is exciting. 判断名词性从句的类型 名从语序: 语序 陈述 作主语/宾语 作定语 作状语 无意义, 不作成分, 宾从可省略 是否, 不作成分 (if只用于宾从) whether和if区别： （1）whether可以引导所有名词性从句，而if主要引导动词后的宾语从句和不在句首的主语从句，此时if和whether可以互换。 Whether he is rich or not makes no difference. The question is whether it is worth trying. I don’t know whether/if he will attend the concert. It is doubtful whether/if he is innocent. （2）whether后可以直接跟or not，此时不能用if替代whether。 I don’t know whether or not she will come. 主语从句it作形式主语 1.It+be动词+过去分词/形容词/名词（短语）+主语从句 It is a pity that you did not finish the job on time. It is decided that the action is canceled. It is likely that the sport meets will be postponed until next week. 2. It+不及物动词+主语从句 It doesn’t matter whether he likes it or not. It suddenly occurred to me that we took the wrong bus. 主语从句it作形式主语 3.It+及物动词+宾语+主语从句 It will not make any difference who raised the question. It appears that the drought in Kansas has become less serious. 4. It+be动词+介词短语+主语从句 It is of great importance whether we can improve our research. 常见句型： It is reported that 据报道 It is believed that 人们相信 It is said that 据说 It is estimated that 据估计 It is clear that 显然 It is likely that 很可能 It is obvious that 显而易见 It is no wonder that 难怪 常见句型： It is an honor that 很荣幸 It is a pity that 遗憾的是 It is common knowledge/sense that=It is universally acknowledge that=It is well-known that 众所周知 It seems/appears that 似乎/看来 It happens that 碰巧 It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that 某人突然想起 It is certain that ……是一定的 Let’s practice 改写下列句子，使之结构平衡？ 找主语 主 主语太长，使用it做形式主语 It is certain that she will do well in her exam . 找主语 主 主语太长，使用it做形式主语 It is a pity that he made such a mistake. 找主语 主 It was reported that A Dream of Splendor became a hit in China . 1. That she will do well in her exam is certain. 2. That he made such a mistake is a pity. 3. That A Dream of Splendor became a hit in China was reported. 14 1. 主语从句的谓语一般用单数形式。 When the meeting will be held haven't been known yet.（X） When the meeting will be held hasn't been known yet. (√) When he will come is a puzzle. (√) 2. What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定主句动词的单复数形式。What he needs is that book. What he needs are some books. It has been proved ___________ people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. A. that B. how C. whether D. where More More可点击 答案：A that。句意：事实证明，人们对当下有偏见。只关注眼前利益，却牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、福祉和财务稳定。 用It is + proved + that +主从的句型的变体。 模拟练习 It is recently reported________ the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. A. as B. what C. that D. which More More可点击 答案： C that 句意：最近有报道称，坚持传统饮食的人数正在缓慢下降，大约一半的英国消费者希望以某种方式改变或改善他们的烹饪习惯。 解析：It is reported that... 固定句型。It做形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。 单项选择 ______I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. A. What B. How C. That D. Why More More可点击 答案：A 解析：句意：我想告诉你的是我对父母的深爱和敬重。考查what引导的主语从句，因为主语从句中缺宾语且表示物，所以填What。 单项选择 Some people believe ______ has happened before now will repeat itself in the future. A. what B. whatever C. why D. how More More可点击 答案：B 解析：句意：一些人认为无论以前发生过的事情还是现在正在发生的事情都会在将来重复出现。通过分析可知“has happened before or is happening now”作believe后的并与从句的主语，根据句意和成分分析，本空应填whatever(任何...的事情)来引导主语从句。 宾语从句连接词 1. that，whether，if that引导宾语从句经常可以省略，但当一个句子有多个并列的宾语从句时候，第一个从句that可以省略，第二个起不能省略。 He said that they must travel to get the True Scriptures. White-dragon-horse said (that) being left is a terrible feeling and that he wanted to be taken seriously. 2.whether, if在宾语从句中不充当任何语法成分，起连接作用，且有“是否”的含义，一般不能省略。 I don't know if I can defeat the monster. I just wonder whether Chang'e will love me not. 宾语从句 宾从只能用whether，不能用if的情况： 1. 置于句首 Whether this is true, I can’t say. 2. 与or not 连用 I don’t know whether or not he will pass the exam. 3. 不定式（to do）之前 I don’t know whether to leave. 4. 介词之后 I’m interested in whether he likes English. 形式宾语 1. 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句，需要用it做形式宾语指代 I hate it when people’s kindness is regarded as naive and stupid. it 22 形式宾语 2. 当think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等接宾语从句时，常用it做形式宾语 I find it really sad that people prefer to be indifferent rather than to be kind nowadays. it 23 形式宾语 3. 一般情况下，介词后不能直接加that引导的宾语从句，常用it做形式宾语补全句子 I insist on it that kindness should always be regarded as a good virtue generation by generation. it 24 宾语从句的时态 1.如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。 My teacher says he will be back in a week. （一般将来时） My teacher says he is watching TV. （现在进行时） My teacher says he has seen the movie. （现在完成时） 2.如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用相应的过去时态。 My father said he was watching TV at that time.（过去进行时） 3.如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时，用一般现在时。 Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth. 宾语从句中的否定转移 主句如果是I think/ believe/ imagine/ suppose/ guess/ expect等，从句的否定一般要转移到主句中，其反意疑问句与从句一致。 I don’t think they’ll wait to the last minute，will they？ I don’t believe he did this, did he? 圈出正确答案 You’ll have to decide ( which / whose ) car we’ll use, yours or mine. You’ll have to decide ( which / whose ) car we’ll use, the old one or the new one. 圈出正确答案 You’ll have to decide ( what / which ) we’ll use the new car for. You’ll have to decide ( whether / what ) we’ll use the new car. 圈出正确答案 I believe ( what / which ) he said is true. Make sure ( that / which ) the door is locked before you leave the lab. 圈出正确答案 I wonder ( whether / if ) it is true or not. She doesn’t know ( whether / that ) she should stay at home. 表语从句 其他连接词：because，as if/as though 似乎，好像 I am hungry right now. This is because I forgot to have breakfast this morning. It looks as if it’s going to rain. 主语为reason时，连接词用that。 主语是this/that/it时，连接词用because。 The reason is ______ you haven't been well prepared. A.that B.because C.why because, why, that 引导的表语从句： 表示原因的表语从句有: That is why+结果 That is because+原因 The reason is that+原因 这就是为什么发生某事的原因 这就是因为… 理由是… 表语从句中主句时态和从句时态可以不一致 The question is why he cried yesterday. The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow? His problem is that he is having a tough relationship with his family. 小试牛刀 - 单项选择 1. What the doctors really doubt is ______my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when          B. how          C. whether     D. why 2. The question is _____we will have our sports meet next week. A. that            B. if              C. when        D. whether 3. What I want to know is _____I missed the bus. A. that            B. if              C. whether      D. / C  D  C  Note:whether引导表语从句，表示是否，但if不能引导表语从句。 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 We expressed the hope that they would come to China again. We expressed the hope that they had expressed. 1. 同位语从句: that 只起连接作用，不作任何成分； 定语从句: that 是关系代词，起连接作用，充当宾语和主语。 2. 同位语从句:与前面的名词是同位关系，对名词进行补充说明； 定语从句:与前面的名词是所属关系, 对名词进行修饰, 加以限定。 3. 同位语从句: that 不能省略； 定语从句: that 在从句中作宾语时, 可以省略。 同位语从句 定语从句 同位语从句和定语从句识别 The news that he told me is about the plan that Tom will go abroad next year. The news that Tom will go abroad was told by him. I'm still thinking about the question whether we can get support from them. I'm still thinking about the question that he raised at the meeting yesterday. 01 02 03 04 定语从句 同位语从句 同位语从句 同位语从句 定语从句 36 同位语从句时态 同位语从句的时态不受主句时态影响和限制。 I know the reason why he was unhappy just now. I have already known the reason yesterday why he came late. I am looking for the reason why he came late. I will know the reason why he came late. 练一练 _______ was once regarded as impossible has now become reality. A.What B.That C.Which D.why The worst thing is _______ he has got into the habit of being late for school. A. who B. which C. that D. what 解题步骤： 1、确定从句类型 2、找从句谓语 3、判断从句是否缺主/宾 判断是否缺宾语： 1. 被动语态不缺宾语 2. 动词：及物/不及物 3. 介+宾 4. 双宾语结构 _____ the 2024 Olympic Games will be held in China is unknown yet. A.Whenever B.If C. That D. Whether 解题步骤： 1、确定从句类型 2、找从句谓语 3、判断从句是否缺主/宾 She wonders ______ will happen to her private life. A. it B. that C. what D. this 连词个数= 谓语动词个数-1 解题步骤： 1、确定从句类型 2、找从句谓语 3、判断从句是否缺主/宾 it作形式主语：真正的主语是后面的从句/ doing/ to do _____ was a pity that you didn’t go to the lecture. A.That B. What C. Which D. It D 连词个数= 谓语动词个数-1 it作形式主语/宾语：真正的主语/宾语是后面的从句/ doing/ to do I think ______ best that you should stay here. A.that B. what C. which D. it D 连词个数= 谓语动词个数-1 You should not put off _______ today till tomorrow. A. which can be done B. how can be done C. what can be done D. that can be done The reason why she was crying is ______ she didn’t want to part with her mother. A. that B. because C. why D. what I agree to the idea _______ our staff should use recycled paper to save money. A. what B. how C. which D. that $