28.Unit 6 When disaster strikes(书面表达)-2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固（外研版2024）
|
2份
|
28页
|
187人阅读
|
14人下载
精品
内容正文：
2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(外研版2024)
Unit 6 When disaster strikes书面表达
必备知识清单
单元写作指导
一、主题阐述
本单元聚焦于自然灾害相关话题，而本次写作要求我们在自然灾害发生后，创作另一个触动人心的警示故事。这不仅需要我们描述灾难发生的过程、带来的影响，更要挖掘在灾难中人与人之间的情感纽带、展现出的勇气与坚韧，以及从中得出的深刻教训与警示意义，让读者能从中感受到生命的脆弱与珍贵，以及面对灾难时人性的光辉与力量。
（一）主题内涵
通过讲述自然灾害后的故事，传递出对生命的尊重与敬畏，展现人类在灾难面前互帮互助、坚强不屈的精神，同时警示人们要重视自然、保护环境，尽可能减少自然灾害带来的危害。
（二）审题要点
明确灾难类型：确定所写故事中的自然灾害是地震、洪水、台风、海啸等哪一种，不同的灾难有不同的特点和影响，这将决定故事的具体情节。
把握故事要素：清楚故事发生的时间、地点、涉及的人物以及事件的起因、经过和结果。这些要素要完整且合理地融入故事中。
突出情感与警示：情感方面要展现出灾难中的恐惧、悲伤、互助、希望等；警示部分则要思考灾难给人们带来的教训，如环境保护、应急准备等方面。
（三）写作核心
生动的情节描述：用细腻的笔触描绘灾难发生时的场景，如房屋的倒塌、洪水的肆虐、狂风的呼啸等，让读者有身临其境之感。
人物刻画：着重刻画故事中的人物形象，通过他们的语言、动作、心理活动，展现出人性在灾难中的不同表现，如勇敢救援、相互鼓励等。
主题升华：从故事中提炼出深刻的主题，如团结就是力量、珍惜生命、重视自然等，使故事具有教育意义和启示价值。
二、写作框架
写作结构框架可分为三部分：开头、中间和结尾。
（一）开头
引入自然灾害，简要介绍灾难的类型、发生的时间和地点。例如：“Last summer, a powerful typhoon hit our small town unexpectedly. It was on a dark and stormy night of July 15th.”
（二）中间
灾难发生过程：详细描述灾难发生时的情景，人们的反应和感受。比如：“As the typhoon arrived, the wind was howling so loudly that it sounded like a wild beast roaring. People were running around in panic, trying to find a safe place. Windows were shattered by the strong wind, and roofs were being lifted off.” （随着台风的到来，风呼啸得如此大声，听起来就像一只野兽在咆哮。人们惊慌失措地四处奔跑，试图找到一个安全的地方。窗户被强风打破，屋顶被掀翻。）
灾后状况：讲述灾难过后的场景，如家园的破坏、人们面临的困难。“After the typhoon passed, the whole town was in ruins. Many houses were destroyed, and the streets were filled with debris. People were left homeless, and there was a shortage of food and clean water.” （台风过后，整个城镇一片废墟。许多房屋被毁，街道上堆满了残骸。人们无家可归，食物和清洁用水短缺。）
救援与互助：描述救援行动以及人们之间相互帮助的暖心故事。“However, the local government and volunteers quickly arrived at the scene. They brought food, water, and medical supplies. Neighbors helped each other clean up the debris and rebuild their houses. Some people even opened their homes to those who had lost everything.” （然而，当地政府和志愿者迅速赶到现场。他们带来了食物、水和医疗用品。邻居们互相帮助清理残骸，重建家园。一些人甚至向那些失去一切的人敞开家门。）
（三）结尾
总结故事，得出教训或感悟，起到警示作用。例如：“This typhoon disaster taught us a hard lesson. We realized the importance of being prepared for natural disasters and the power of unity. We should also take better care of our environment to reduce the frequency and severity of such disasters in the future.” （这次台风灾难给我们上了沉重的一课。我们意识到为自然灾害做好准备的重要性以及团结的力量。我们也应该更好地保护环境，以减少未来此类灾难的发生频率和严重程度。）
三、词汇句式
（一）词汇
1.自然灾害类
earthquake（地震）：An earthquake struck the city, causing great damage.（一场地震袭击了这座城市，造成了巨大的破坏。）
flood（洪水）：The flood washed away many houses along the river.（洪水冲走了沿河的许多房屋。）
typhoon（台风）：The typhoon brought strong winds and heavy rain.（台风带来了强风和暴雨。）
tsunami（海啸）：The tsunami destroyed entire coastal villages.（海啸摧毁了整个沿海村庄。）
tornado（龙卷风）：A tornado touched down in the countryside, leaving a trail of destruction.（一场龙卷风在乡村着陆，留下了一片破坏的痕迹。）
drought（干旱）：The long - term drought affected the crops seriously.（长期干旱严重影响了农作物。）
volcano eruption（火山爆发）：The volcano eruption forced thousands of people to evacuate.（火山爆发迫使成千上万的人撤离。）
2.灾难影响类
destroy（破坏）：The fire destroyed the ancient building.（大火摧毁了这座古建筑。）
damage（损害）：The storm damaged a lot of cars parked on the street.（暴风雨损坏了许多停在街上的汽车。）
ruin（使成废墟）：The war ruined the once - prosperous city.（战争使这座曾经繁荣的城市变成了废墟。）
shatter（破碎）：The explosion shattered the windows of nearby buildings.（爆炸震碎了附近建筑物的窗户。）
collapse（倒塌）：The bridge collapsed under the weight of the flood.（桥梁在洪水的重压下倒塌了。）
flood（淹没）：The low - lying areas were flooded after the heavy rain.（大雨过后，低洼地区被淹没了。）
bury（掩埋）：Many people were buried under the rubble after the earthquake.（地震后许多人被埋在瓦砾下。）
3.人物感受类
scared（害怕的）：The children were scared by the loud thunder.（孩子们被响亮的雷声吓到了。）
frightened（受惊的）：She was too frightened to move when she saw the snake.（她看到蛇时吓得动弹不得。）
terrified（极度恐惧的）：The survivors were still terrified when they recalled the disaster.（幸存者回忆起那场灾难时仍然极度恐惧。）
worried（担忧的）：Parents were worried about their children's safety during the typhoon.（台风期间，父母们担心孩子的安全。）
hopeless（绝望的）：Some people felt hopeless when they saw their destroyed homes.（一些人看到被摧毁的家园时感到绝望。）
relieved（宽慰的）：People were relieved when the rescue team arrived.（救援队到达时，人们松了一口气。）
4.救援与帮助类
rescue（救援）：The firefighters rescued several people from the burning building.（消防员从着火的建筑物中救出了几个人。）
help（帮助）：We should help those who are in trouble after the disaster.（灾难过后，我们应该帮助那些有困难的人。）
assist（协助）：Volunteers assisted the victims in cleaning up the debris.（志愿者帮助受害者清理残骸。）
supply（提供物资）：The government supplied food and water to the affected areas.（政府向受灾地区提供食物和水。）
donate（捐赠）：Many people donated money and clothes to the disaster - stricken areas.（许多人向受灾地区捐赠了钱和衣服。）
rebuild（重建）：It took years to rebuild the city after the earthquake.（地震后重建这座城市花了数年时间。）
5.环境相关类
environment（环境）：We should protect the environment to prevent natural disasters.（我们应该保护环境以预防自然灾害。）
pollution（污染）：Air pollution can contribute to the occurrence of some disasters.（空气污染可能导致一些灾难的发生。）
deforestation（砍伐森林）：Deforestation makes the soil vulnerable to erosion and floods.（砍伐森林使土壤容易受到侵蚀和洪水的影响。）
recycle（回收利用）：Recycling can help save resources and protect the environment.（回收利用有助于节约资源和保护环境。）
conserve（保护，保存）：We need to conserve water during the drought.（干旱期间我们需要节约用水。）
（二）句式
1.灾难发生描述句式
When/While + 过去进行时，一般过去时。例如：When I was sleeping soundly, the earthquake suddenly struck.（当我正在熟睡时，地震突然发生了。）
All of a sudden, + 灾难相关描述。例如：All of a sudden, a huge wave came crashing towards the shore.（突然，一个巨浪向海岸袭来。）
The + 自然灾害名词 + hit/struck + 地点 + 时间。例如：The typhoon hit our city last night.（台风昨晚袭击了我们的城市。）
2.人物感受表达句式
Sb. was + 形容词（scared/frightened/terrified etc.） + that 从句。例如：I was so scared that I couldn't say a word.（我吓得一句话也说不出来。）
Sb. felt + 形容词（hopeless/worried etc.） + about sth. 例如：She felt worried about her family's safety.（她为家人的安全感到担忧。）
It made sb. + 形容词（scared/relieved etc.） + to do sth. 例如：It made me relieved to see my friends safe.（看到朋友们平安无事，我感到宽慰。）
3.灾难影响描述句式
The + 自然灾害名词 + caused + great damage/destruction to + 地点 / 事物。例如：The flood caused great damage to the farmland.（洪水对农田造成了巨大的破坏。）
Many + 事物名词 + were + 过去分词（destroyed/damaged etc.） + by the + 自然灾害名词。例如：Many houses were destroyed by the earthquake.（许多房屋被地震摧毁了。）
The + 地点 + was in ruins after the + 自然灾害名词。例如：The town was in ruins after the tornado.（龙卷风过后，这个城镇一片废墟。）
4.救援与帮助表达句式
Sb. came to the rescue. 例如：The soldiers came to the rescue of the trapped villagers.（士兵们前来营救被困的村民。）
Sb. provided/gave + sth.（help/support/supplies etc.） + to sb. 例如：The charity provided food and shelter to the homeless.（慈善机构为无家可归者提供食物和住所。）
With the help of + sb./sth., sb. + 动词短语（recover/rebuild etc.）. 例如：With the help of the volunteers, the victims gradually recovered from the shock.（在志愿者的帮助下，受害者逐渐从震惊中恢复过来。）
5.总结与警示句式
This disaster taught us a lesson that... 例如：This disaster taught us a lesson that we should always be prepared for emergencies.（这次灾难给我们上了一课，我们应该时刻为紧急情况做好准备。）
We should realize the importance of... 例如：We should realize the importance of protecting the environment to reduce natural disasters.（我们应该意识到保护环境以减少自然灾害的重要性。）
Let us remember this disaster and take action to... 例如：Let us remember this disaster and take action to improve our disaster - prevention measures.（让我们记住这场灾难，并采取行动改进我们的防灾措施。）
四、范文例析
Last month, a severe flood hit our village. It rained heavily for days, and the river overflowed. When the flood came, houses were quickly flooded. People were extremely scared. Some climbed onto the roofs, crying for help.
Thankfully, the rescue team arrived soon. They used boats to save people from the flood. Neighbors also helped each other. They shared food and dry clothes. After the flood, the whole village was in a mess. But with everyone's efforts, we started to clean up and rebuild our homes.
This flood made us understand that disasters can be terrifying, but as long as we help each other, we can get through the hard times. Also, we should pay more attention to environmental protection to avoid such disasters in the future.
【范文分析】
结构清晰：开头直接点明发生的自然灾害是洪水以及发生的地点，接着描述洪水来袭时人们的情况；中间部分讲述救援行动和邻里互助，以及灾后的状况；结尾总结从灾难中得到的教训，升华主题。
词汇运用恰当：使用了如 “severe”“overflowed”“terrifying” 等词生动地描述洪水和灾难的程度；“rescue team”“shared” 等词体现救援和互助的场景。
句式多样：运用了 “When the flood came...” 这样的时间状语从句描述灾难发生时刻；“This flood made us understand that...” 这样的宾语从句总结教训，丰富了文章的表达。
五、优化策略
增加细节描写：在描述灾难场景和人物行为时，加入更多细节，如灾难中物体的具体损坏情况、人物的表情和语气等。例如，描述地震时可以写 “Bookshelves toppled over, and books scattered everywhere. The family huddled in the corner, their faces pale with fear, and the mother was hugging the children tightly, her hands trembling.” （书架倒塌，书籍散落得到处都是。一家人挤在角落里，脸色因恐惧而苍白，母亲紧紧地抱着孩子们，双手颤抖着。）
运用修辞手法：适当使用比喻、拟人等修辞手法增强文章的感染力。比如，形容洪水可以说 “The flood was like a wild monster, roaring and swallowing everything in its path.” （洪水就像一个狂野的怪物，咆哮着吞噬它路径上的一切。）
深化主题：在结尾部分不仅仅是简单总结，而是深入探讨灾难对社会、人类价值观等方面的影响，使主题更具深度。例如，“This disaster not only damaged our physical environment but also tested our social bonds. It made us realize that in the face of nature's power, our unity and mutual - aid spirit are the most precious wealth. We should not only focus on rebuilding our homes but also on strengthening our community spirit and improving our environmental protection awareness, so as to better face future challenges.” （这场灾难不仅破坏了我们的物质环境，也考验了我们的社会关系。它让我们意识到，在自然的力量面前，我们的团结和互助精神是最宝贵的财富。我们不仅要专注于重建家园，还要加强社区精神，提高环保意识，以便更好地应对未来的挑战。）
综合实战演练
1．假定你是学生李华，你所在的城市于昨天晚上发生了地震。请你以“A Big Earthquake”为题给英语周报写一篇新闻报道，内容包括：
受灾情况：1.损失严重，房屋被毁；2.死伤4, 000多人，8, 000人无家可归，许多人失踪；3.水、电等设施被毁坏。
急缺物资：淡水、食物、药品
赈灾措施：1.军人帮助挖掘，寻找幸存者；2.号召志愿者支援灾区，积极捐钱和献血。
注意：
1.词数80~100，短文的开头已给出，不计入总词数；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
A Big Earthquake
Last night a big earthquake hit my city. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．学校创办的英文专刊正以“How Much do You Know about Earthquake”为题征集稿件，请围绕以下视角写一篇稿件投稿。
要点：
1．在2023年12月18日，甘肃发生了一场大的地震，很多人无家可归；
2．地震经常发生在板块活跃的区域，主要是由板块之间的运动造成的；
3．地震很难预测，但也有一些信号，比如动物行为异常，水位变化等；
4．地震的破坏性很大，会造成建筑物倒塌、人员伤亡、财物损失等情况；
5．我们平时要多了解关于地震的相关知识，降低地震带来的破坏性。
提示：板块：plate 水位：water level 降低：lower 破坏性：destructiveness
要求：1）所写内容必须包括要点中所提供的信息，并可作适当的发挥。
2）词数80词左右，不得出现真实的人名、校名、地名等相关信息。
How Much do You Know about Earthquake
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3． 请结合下图内容及提示，以“The Importance of Fire Safety”为题，根据写作要求，写一篇不少于80词的短文。
2. What should we do in a fire?
参考词汇：fire extinguisher 灭火器；electrical problems 电气问题；escape from...逃离
写作要求：1.短文须包含图中所有信息，并适当拓展；
2.重点谈谈如何预防火灾的发生；
3.文中不能出现真实的人名和校名。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4．每到夏天，总有些地方洪水肆虐。如何在洪水中保护自己呢？你班在英语课上就这一问题进行了讨论。请你根据以下提示，用英语说说自己的观点。
Before the disaster
●often watch news about the flood
●prepare water, food and medicine
How to protect ourselves in the flood
During the disaster
move to higher places at once
don’t try to swim
...
要求：
1. 包含所有给出的提示要点，可适当发挥，省略号部分要求至少自拟1点；
2. 70词左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Good morning, everyone! Floods happen nearly every summer. Today I’d like to talk about how to
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5．假定你是李华，在报纸上看到了有关Garden City遭受台风袭击的新闻报道后，为学校宣传栏“英语天地”写一封倡议信。
内容包括：
1.倡议的原因（发生什么和造成的后果）；
2.倡议的内容（筹款、捐衣物和充当志愿者）；
3.发出倡议。
注意:
1.词数80-100。开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数；
2.短文须包括所给内容信息。可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear friends,
Garden City was hit by a typhoon last week.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for your attention and care.
Yours,
Li Hua
6．请根据下面提示，以“A landslide（山崩）”为题，写一篇80 词左右的短文。
提示：
1.上周一早上，在连续下了两天大雨之后发生了山崩；
2.我和妈妈在家，爸爸下午回来，雨很大，他叫我和妈妈赶快带伞离开；
3.就在那时，房子开始摇晃，我们非常害怕，迅速跑开了；
4.第二天上午回家时，我们发现房子没有了，到处是碎玻璃和砖块，我们感到很伤心。
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
7．树木是人类的好朋友，树木对人类是非常重要的。但是人类却一直在砍伐森林，破坏树木。请你代表学生会，用英文写封100词左右的倡议书，呼吁同学们爱护树木、保护环境。
内容包括以下要点：
1. 树木的重要性
2. 人们对树木的破坏
3. 如何保护树木
可适当拓展，开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。注意不得透露真实的学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分。
Dear fellow students,
Trees are very important in our lives. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Students’ union
8．“以爱为笔，绘就地球生机”。4月22日是世界地球日，作为中学生的我们也应为保护地球贡献自己的力量，请你根据下面的表格写一篇关于保护环境爱护地球的文章。
症状
土地沙化、河流污染、全球气温升高……
原因
砍伐树木、工厂排放废水废气……
应对措施
多植树、阻止工厂乱排废气废水……
要求： 1. 词数80词左右；
2. 要点齐全，可适当发挥；
3. 文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9．6月5日是世界环境日，我们周围的环境变得越来越糟糕，污染越来越严重。环境问题影响着人们的工作、学习、生活等，而我们的工作、生活、生产等又使环境污染越来越严重……如何保护我们的环境？请用英语写一篇短文，表达你的想法。
要点：
1.环境的现状和保护环境的重要性；
2.保护环境的具体做法；
3.自己对保护环境的想法。
注意：
词数：80—100。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
10．北京仁爱国际英语学校八年级学生李华向郑州的网友李明发了一封电子邮件，询问了一些情况。请根据来信帮他回一封电子邮件。
注意：
1.词数：80词左右；
2.邮件的开头和结尾已替你写好，不计入总词数。
Receiver：
Li Ming @163.com
Copy：
Subject：
How to protect the clean water?
Dear Li Ming,
I feel very excited about my visit to Fuzhou and meeting you for the first time! But I’m still not sure about the following questions：
1.Are there any rivers or lakes in your city?
2.Is the water dirty or clean? Why?
3.Did you do anything useful to protect the clean water?
Please let me know.
Your friend,
Li Hua
Dear Li Hua,
I am very excited to receive your e-mail. I am interested in your questions. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to meeting you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
(
一
/
1
)学科网（北京）股份有限公司
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
$
2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(外研版2024)
Unit 6 When disaster strikes书面表达
必备知识清单
单元写作指导
一、主题阐述
本单元聚焦于自然灾害相关话题，而本次写作要求我们在自然灾害发生后，创作另一个触动人心的警示故事。这不仅需要我们描述灾难发生的过程、带来的影响，更要挖掘在灾难中人与人之间的情感纽带、展现出的勇气与坚韧，以及从中得出的深刻教训与警示意义，让读者能从中感受到生命的脆弱与珍贵，以及面对灾难时人性的光辉与力量。
（一）主题内涵
通过讲述自然灾害后的故事，传递出对生命的尊重与敬畏，展现人类在灾难面前互帮互助、坚强不屈的精神，同时警示人们要重视自然、保护环境，尽可能减少自然灾害带来的危害。
（二）审题要点
明确灾难类型：确定所写故事中的自然灾害是地震、洪水、台风、海啸等哪一种，不同的灾难有不同的特点和影响，这将决定故事的具体情节。
把握故事要素：清楚故事发生的时间、地点、涉及的人物以及事件的起因、经过和结果。这些要素要完整且合理地融入故事中。
突出情感与警示：情感方面要展现出灾难中的恐惧、悲伤、互助、希望等；警示部分则要思考灾难给人们带来的教训，如环境保护、应急准备等方面。
（三）写作核心
生动的情节描述：用细腻的笔触描绘灾难发生时的场景，如房屋的倒塌、洪水的肆虐、狂风的呼啸等，让读者有身临其境之感。
人物刻画：着重刻画故事中的人物形象，通过他们的语言、动作、心理活动，展现出人性在灾难中的不同表现，如勇敢救援、相互鼓励等。
主题升华：从故事中提炼出深刻的主题，如团结就是力量、珍惜生命、重视自然等，使故事具有教育意义和启示价值。
二、写作框架
写作结构框架可分为三部分：开头、中间和结尾。
（一）开头
引入自然灾害，简要介绍灾难的类型、发生的时间和地点。例如：“Last summer, a powerful typhoon hit our small town unexpectedly. It was on a dark and stormy night of July 15th.”
（二）中间
灾难发生过程：详细描述灾难发生时的情景，人们的反应和感受。比如：“As the typhoon arrived, the wind was howling so loudly that it sounded like a wild beast roaring. People were running around in panic, trying to find a safe place. Windows were shattered by the strong wind, and roofs were being lifted off.” （随着台风的到来，风呼啸得如此大声，听起来就像一只野兽在咆哮。人们惊慌失措地四处奔跑，试图找到一个安全的地方。窗户被强风打破，屋顶被掀翻。）
灾后状况：讲述灾难过后的场景，如家园的破坏、人们面临的困难。“After the typhoon passed, the whole town was in ruins. Many houses were destroyed, and the streets were filled with debris. People were left homeless, and there was a shortage of food and clean water.” （台风过后，整个城镇一片废墟。许多房屋被毁，街道上堆满了残骸。人们无家可归，食物和清洁用水短缺。）
救援与互助：描述救援行动以及人们之间相互帮助的暖心故事。“However, the local government and volunteers quickly arrived at the scene. They brought food, water, and medical supplies. Neighbors helped each other clean up the debris and rebuild their houses. Some people even opened their homes to those who had lost everything.” （然而，当地政府和志愿者迅速赶到现场。他们带来了食物、水和医疗用品。邻居们互相帮助清理残骸，重建家园。一些人甚至向那些失去一切的人敞开家门。）
（三）结尾
总结故事，得出教训或感悟，起到警示作用。例如：“This typhoon disaster taught us a hard lesson. We realized the importance of being prepared for natural disasters and the power of unity. We should also take better care of our environment to reduce the frequency and severity of such disasters in the future.” （这次台风灾难给我们上了沉重的一课。我们意识到为自然灾害做好准备的重要性以及团结的力量。我们也应该更好地保护环境，以减少未来此类灾难的发生频率和严重程度。）
三、词汇句式
（一）词汇
1.自然灾害类
earthquake（地震）：An earthquake struck the city, causing great damage.（一场地震袭击了这座城市，造成了巨大的破坏。）
flood（洪水）：The flood washed away many houses along the river.（洪水冲走了沿河的许多房屋。）
typhoon（台风）：The typhoon brought strong winds and heavy rain.（台风带来了强风和暴雨。）
tsunami（海啸）：The tsunami destroyed entire coastal villages.（海啸摧毁了整个沿海村庄。）
tornado（龙卷风）：A tornado touched down in the countryside, leaving a trail of destruction.（一场龙卷风在乡村着陆，留下了一片破坏的痕迹。）
drought（干旱）：The long - term drought affected the crops seriously.（长期干旱严重影响了农作物。）
volcano eruption（火山爆发）：The volcano eruption forced thousands of people to evacuate.（火山爆发迫使成千上万的人撤离。）
2.灾难影响类
destroy（破坏）：The fire destroyed the ancient building.（大火摧毁了这座古建筑。）
damage（损害）：The storm damaged a lot of cars parked on the street.（暴风雨损坏了许多停在街上的汽车。）
ruin（使成废墟）：The war ruined the once - prosperous city.（战争使这座曾经繁荣的城市变成了废墟。）
shatter（破碎）：The explosion shattered the windows of nearby buildings.（爆炸震碎了附近建筑物的窗户。）
collapse（倒塌）：The bridge collapsed under the weight of the flood.（桥梁在洪水的重压下倒塌了。）
flood（淹没）：The low - lying areas were flooded after the heavy rain.（大雨过后，低洼地区被淹没了。）
bury（掩埋）：Many people were buried under the rubble after the earthquake.（地震后许多人被埋在瓦砾下。）
3.人物感受类
scared（害怕的）：The children were scared by the loud thunder.（孩子们被响亮的雷声吓到了。）
frightened（受惊的）：She was too frightened to move when she saw the snake.（她看到蛇时吓得动弹不得。）
terrified（极度恐惧的）：The survivors were still terrified when they recalled the disaster.（幸存者回忆起那场灾难时仍然极度恐惧。）
worried（担忧的）：Parents were worried about their children's safety during the typhoon.（台风期间，父母们担心孩子的安全。）
hopeless（绝望的）：Some people felt hopeless when they saw their destroyed homes.（一些人看到被摧毁的家园时感到绝望。）
relieved（宽慰的）：People were relieved when the rescue team arrived.（救援队到达时，人们松了一口气。）
4.救援与帮助类
rescue（救援）：The firefighters rescued several people from the burning building.（消防员从着火的建筑物中救出了几个人。）
help（帮助）：We should help those who are in trouble after the disaster.（灾难过后，我们应该帮助那些有困难的人。）
assist（协助）：Volunteers assisted the victims in cleaning up the debris.（志愿者帮助受害者清理残骸。）
supply（提供物资）：The government supplied food and water to the affected areas.（政府向受灾地区提供食物和水。）
donate（捐赠）：Many people donated money and clothes to the disaster - stricken areas.（许多人向受灾地区捐赠了钱和衣服。）
rebuild（重建）：It took years to rebuild the city after the earthquake.（地震后重建这座城市花了数年时间。）
5.环境相关类
environment（环境）：We should protect the environment to prevent natural disasters.（我们应该保护环境以预防自然灾害。）
pollution（污染）：Air pollution can contribute to the occurrence of some disasters.（空气污染可能导致一些灾难的发生。）
deforestation（砍伐森林）：Deforestation makes the soil vulnerable to erosion and floods.（砍伐森林使土壤容易受到侵蚀和洪水的影响。）
recycle（回收利用）：Recycling can help save resources and protect the environment.（回收利用有助于节约资源和保护环境。）
conserve（保护，保存）：We need to conserve water during the drought.（干旱期间我们需要节约用水。）
（二）句式
1.灾难发生描述句式
When/While + 过去进行时，一般过去时。例如：When I was sleeping soundly, the earthquake suddenly struck.（当我正在熟睡时，地震突然发生了。）
All of a sudden, + 灾难相关描述。例如：All of a sudden, a huge wave came crashing towards the shore.（突然，一个巨浪向海岸袭来。）
The + 自然灾害名词 + hit/struck + 地点 + 时间。例如：The typhoon hit our city last night.（台风昨晚袭击了我们的城市。）
2.人物感受表达句式
Sb. was + 形容词（scared/frightened/terrified etc.） + that 从句。例如：I was so scared that I couldn't say a word.（我吓得一句话也说不出来。）
Sb. felt + 形容词（hopeless/worried etc.） + about sth. 例如：She felt worried about her family's safety.（她为家人的安全感到担忧。）
It made sb. + 形容词（scared/relieved etc.） + to do sth. 例如：It made me relieved to see my friends safe.（看到朋友们平安无事，我感到宽慰。）
3.灾难影响描述句式
The + 自然灾害名词 + caused + great damage/destruction to + 地点 / 事物。例如：The flood caused great damage to the farmland.（洪水对农田造成了巨大的破坏。）
Many + 事物名词 + were + 过去分词（destroyed/damaged etc.） + by the + 自然灾害名词。例如：Many houses were destroyed by the earthquake.（许多房屋被地震摧毁了。）
The + 地点 + was in ruins after the + 自然灾害名词。例如：The town was in ruins after the tornado.（龙卷风过后，这个城镇一片废墟。）
4.救援与帮助表达句式
Sb. came to the rescue. 例如：The soldiers came to the rescue of the trapped villagers.（士兵们前来营救被困的村民。）
Sb. provided/gave + sth.（help/support/supplies etc.） + to sb. 例如：The charity provided food and shelter to the homeless.（慈善机构为无家可归者提供食物和住所。）
With the help of + sb./sth., sb. + 动词短语（recover/rebuild etc.）. 例如：With the help of the volunteers, the victims gradually recovered from the shock.（在志愿者的帮助下，受害者逐渐从震惊中恢复过来。）
5.总结与警示句式
This disaster taught us a lesson that... 例如：This disaster taught us a lesson that we should always be prepared for emergencies.（这次灾难给我们上了一课，我们应该时刻为紧急情况做好准备。）
We should realize the importance of... 例如：We should realize the importance of protecting the environment to reduce natural disasters.（我们应该意识到保护环境以减少自然灾害的重要性。）
Let us remember this disaster and take action to... 例如：Let us remember this disaster and take action to improve our disaster - prevention measures.（让我们记住这场灾难，并采取行动改进我们的防灾措施。）
四、范文例析
Last month, a severe flood hit our village. It rained heavily for days, and the river overflowed. When the flood came, houses were quickly flooded. People were extremely scared. Some climbed onto the roofs, crying for help.
Thankfully, the rescue team arrived soon. They used boats to save people from the flood. Neighbors also helped each other. They shared food and dry clothes. After the flood, the whole village was in a mess. But with everyone's efforts, we started to clean up and rebuild our homes.
This flood made us understand that disasters can be terrifying, but as long as we help each other, we can get through the hard times. Also, we should pay more attention to environmental protection to avoid such disasters in the future.
【范文分析】
结构清晰：开头直接点明发生的自然灾害是洪水以及发生的地点，接着描述洪水来袭时人们的情况；中间部分讲述救援行动和邻里互助，以及灾后的状况；结尾总结从灾难中得到的教训，升华主题。
词汇运用恰当：使用了如 “severe”“overflowed”“terrifying” 等词生动地描述洪水和灾难的程度；“rescue team”“shared” 等词体现救援和互助的场景。
句式多样：运用了 “When the flood came...” 这样的时间状语从句描述灾难发生时刻；“This flood made us understand that...” 这样的宾语从句总结教训，丰富了文章的表达。
五、优化策略
增加细节描写：在描述灾难场景和人物行为时，加入更多细节，如灾难中物体的具体损坏情况、人物的表情和语气等。例如，描述地震时可以写 “Bookshelves toppled over, and books scattered everywhere. The family huddled in the corner, their faces pale with fear, and the mother was hugging the children tightly, her hands trembling.” （书架倒塌，书籍散落得到处都是。一家人挤在角落里，脸色因恐惧而苍白，母亲紧紧地抱着孩子们，双手颤抖着。）
运用修辞手法：适当使用比喻、拟人等修辞手法增强文章的感染力。比如，形容洪水可以说 “The flood was like a wild monster, roaring and swallowing everything in its path.” （洪水就像一个狂野的怪物，咆哮着吞噬它路径上的一切。）
深化主题：在结尾部分不仅仅是简单总结，而是深入探讨灾难对社会、人类价值观等方面的影响，使主题更具深度。例如，“This disaster not only damaged our physical environment but also tested our social bonds. It made us realize that in the face of nature's power, our unity and mutual - aid spirit are the most precious wealth. We should not only focus on rebuilding our homes but also on strengthening our community spirit and improving our environmental protection awareness, so as to better face future challenges.” （这场灾难不仅破坏了我们的物质环境，也考验了我们的社会关系。它让我们意识到，在自然的力量面前，我们的团结和互助精神是最宝贵的财富。我们不仅要专注于重建家园，还要加强社区精神，提高环保意识，以便更好地应对未来的挑战。）
综合实战演练
1．假定你是学生李华，你所在的城市于昨天晚上发生了地震。请你以“A Big Earthquake”为题给英语周报写一篇新闻报道，内容包括：
受灾情况：1.损失严重，房屋被毁；2.死伤4, 000多人，8, 000人无家可归，许多人失踪；3.水、电等设施被毁坏。
急缺物资：淡水、食物、药品
赈灾措施：1.军人帮助挖掘，寻找幸存者；2.号召志愿者支援灾区，积极捐钱和献血。
注意：
1.词数80~100，短文的开头已给出，不计入总词数；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
A Big Earthquake
Last night a big earthquake hit my city. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．学校创办的英文专刊正以“How Much do You Know about Earthquake”为题征集稿件，请围绕以下视角写一篇稿件投稿。
要点：
1．在2023年12月18日，甘肃发生了一场大的地震，很多人无家可归；
2．地震经常发生在板块活跃的区域，主要是由板块之间的运动造成的；
3．地震很难预测，但也有一些信号，比如动物行为异常，水位变化等；
4．地震的破坏性很大，会造成建筑物倒塌、人员伤亡、财物损失等情况；
5．我们平时要多了解关于地震的相关知识，降低地震带来的破坏性。
提示：板块：plate 水位：water level 降低：lower 破坏性：destructiveness
要求：1）所写内容必须包括要点中所提供的信息，并可作适当的发挥。
2）词数80词左右，不得出现真实的人名、校名、地名等相关信息。
How Much do You Know about Earthquake
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3． 请结合下图内容及提示，以“The Importance of Fire Safety”为题，根据写作要求，写一篇不少于80词的短文。
2. What should we do in a fire?
参考词汇：fire extinguisher 灭火器；electrical problems 电气问题；escape from...逃离
写作要求：1.短文须包含图中所有信息，并适当拓展；
2.重点谈谈如何预防火灾的发生；
3.文中不能出现真实的人名和校名。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4．每到夏天，总有些地方洪水肆虐。如何在洪水中保护自己呢？你班在英语课上就这一问题进行了讨论。请你根据以下提示，用英语说说自己的观点。
Before the disaster
●often watch news about the flood
●prepare water, food and medicine
How to protect ourselves in the flood
During the disaster
move to higher places at once
don’t try to swim
...
要求：
1. 包含所有给出的提示要点，可适当发挥，省略号部分要求至少自拟1点；
2. 70词左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Good morning, everyone! Floods happen nearly every summer. Today I’d like to talk about how to
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5．假定你是李华，在报纸上看到了有关Garden City遭受台风袭击的新闻报道后，为学校宣传栏“英语天地”写一封倡议信。
内容包括：
1.倡议的原因（发生什么和造成的后果）；
2.倡议的内容（筹款、捐衣物和充当志愿者）；
3.发出倡议。
注意:
1.词数80-100。开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数；
2.短文须包括所给内容信息。可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear friends,
Garden City was hit by a typhoon last week.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for your attention and care.
Yours,
Li Hua
6．请根据下面提示，以“A landslide（山崩）”为题，写一篇80 词左右的短文。
提示：
1.上周一早上，在连续下了两天大雨之后发生了山崩；
2.我和妈妈在家，爸爸下午回来，雨很大，他叫我和妈妈赶快带伞离开；
3.就在那时，房子开始摇晃，我们非常害怕，迅速跑开了；
4.第二天上午回家时，我们发现房子没有了，到处是碎玻璃和砖块，我们感到很伤心。
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
7．树木是人类的好朋友，树木对人类是非常重要的。但是人类却一直在砍伐森林，破坏树木。请你代表学生会，用英文写封100词左右的倡议书，呼吁同学们爱护树木、保护环境。
内容包括以下要点：
1. 树木的重要性
2. 人们对树木的破坏
3. 如何保护树木
可适当拓展，开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。注意不得透露真实的学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分。
Dear fellow students,
Trees are very important in our lives. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Students’ union
8．“以爱为笔，绘就地球生机”。4月22日是世界地球日，作为中学生的我们也应为保护地球贡献自己的力量，请你根据下面的表格写一篇关于保护环境爱护地球的文章。
症状
土地沙化、河流污染、全球气温升高……
原因
砍伐树木、工厂排放废水废气……
应对措施
多植树、阻止工厂乱排废气废水……
要求： 1. 词数80词左右；
2. 要点齐全，可适当发挥；
3. 文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9．6月5日是世界环境日，我们周围的环境变得越来越糟糕，污染越来越严重。环境问题影响着人们的工作、学习、生活等，而我们的工作、生活、生产等又使环境污染越来越严重……如何保护我们的环境？请用英语写一篇短文，表达你的想法。
要点：
1.环境的现状和保护环境的重要性；
2.保护环境的具体做法；
3.自己对保护环境的想法。
注意：
词数：80—100。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
10．北京仁爱国际英语学校八年级学生李华向郑州的网友李明发了一封电子邮件，询问了一些情况。请根据来信帮他回一封电子邮件。
注意：
1.词数：80词左右；
2.邮件的开头和结尾已替你写好，不计入总词数。
Receiver：
Li Ming @163.com
Copy：
Subject：
How to protect the clean water?
Dear Li Ming,
I feel very excited about my visit to Fuzhou and meeting you for the first time! But I’m still not sure about the following questions：
1.Are there any rivers or lakes in your city?
2.Is the water dirty or clean? Why?
3.Did you do anything useful to protect the clean water?
Please let me know.
Your friend,
Li Hua
Dear Li Hua,
I am very excited to receive your e-mail. I am interested in your questions. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to meeting you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
1．
A Big Earthquake
Last night a big earthquake hit my city. The earthquake caused much damage to my city and many tall buildings were badly destroyed. At least 4, 000 people were killed or injured in the disaster and 8, 000 lost their homes. Even many more people were still missing.
The electricity and water supply in my city were also destroyed. The people now are in great need of fresh water, food and medicine. Luckily, the soldiers have been sent to my city to help to dig for the survivors.
I call on more volunteers to come to the disaster area to give a hand. I hope that more and more people can donate your money and blood for the disaster people.
[总体分析]
①题材：本文是材料作文；
②时态：主要时态为“一般过去时”；
③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏提示内容中“提示信息”的要求均要一一阐述，适当发挥。
[写作步骤]
第一步：表明写作意图。借用“昨晚，一场大地震袭击了我的城市。”来引出重点介绍的内容。
第二步：具体阐述写作内容。依照提示信息的要点——受灾情况、急缺物资和赈灾措施等均要一一阐述。
第三步：书写结语。
[亮点词汇]
①at least至少
②caused much damage造成了很多损害
[高分句型]
①I hope that more and more people can donate your money and blood for the disaster people. (宾语从句）
2．
How Much do You Know about Earthquake
On December 18th, 2023, a devastating earthquake struck Gansu, leaving many homeless and in despair. Earthquakes happen when the ground shakes because of the movement of the earth’s plates. These plates are always moving, but sometimes they move a lot and cause earthquakes.
It’s not easy to predict when an earthquake will happen, but there are some signs. Animals might act strangely, and water levels might change. Earthquakes can be very destructive. They can make buildings fall down, hurt people, and cause people to lose their things.
We should learn about earthquakes so we can be safer. Knowing about how plates move and what signs to look for can help us get ready. Let’s learn more about earthquakes to reduce their harm.
[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇材料作文；
②时态：一般现在时和一般过去时；
③提示：写作要点已给出，考试应注意要求中的内容，充实细节，并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，通过甘肃地震，引入话题；
第二步，具体介绍地震产生的原因，发生时候可能出现的现象以及产生的后果；
第三步，呼吁多学习地震相关知识和安全措施。
[亮点词汇]
①devastating 毁灭性的
②homeless无家可归的
③in despair在绝望中
④movement移动，活动
⑤predict预测
⑥destructive破坏性的
[高分句型]
①Earthquakes happen when the ground shakes because of the movement of the earth’s plates. (时间状语从句)
3．高分范文
The Importance of Fire Safety
Fire safety is important for everyone to understand. There are several things that can cause fires. These include human activities, such as electrical problems, cooking accidents, and natural causes. As a result, it’s important to know how to respond to and prevent a fire.
In case of a small fire, we should stay calm and call 119. Try to put out the fire with a fire extinguisher or water if possible. Escape from the fire area immediately and call 119 if the fire is too large to control.
To prevent fires, first, we should be careful when using electronics and make sure they’re in good condition. Second, when cooking, we can’t leave the kitchen. What’s more, we should get basic fire safety knowledge and practice escape plans regularly in school or at home.
[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇材料作文；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③提示：写作要点已经给出，考生注意不要遗漏要点；注意适当发挥，突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，介绍什么可能会导致火灾；
第二步，介绍火灾发生时应该怎么做；
第三步，介绍我们该如何预防火灾的发生。
[亮点词汇]
①such as 例如
②as a result 结果
③put out 扑灭
④too ... to 太……而不能……
[高分句型]
①There are several things that can cause fires. （that引导的定语从句）
②Escape from the fire area immediately and call 119 if the fire is too large to control.（if引导的条件状语从句）
4．
Good morning, everyone! Floods happen nearly every summer. Today I’d like to talk about how to protect ourselves in the flood.
Firstly, we should often watch the news about the flood during the rainy season. We need to prepare water, food and medicine before the disaster comes. Secondly, when there is a flood, we must move to higher places at once and stay there to wait for rescue. Remember not to try to swim through the flood water. Thirdly, if the flood washes us away, we should keep calm. We can catch something made of wood and it can help us get out of the water. If we need help, we can also call the police.
[总体分析]
① 题材：本文是一篇材料作文；
② 时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③ 提示：写作要点已经给出，考生注意不要遗漏要点中的“省略号”部分，这需要进行适当的发挥。
[写作步骤]
第一步，开篇点题，介绍在洪水中应如何保护自己；
第二步，介绍在洪水来临前应该怎么做；
第三步，介绍遭遇洪水时该怎么做。
[亮点词汇]
① at once 立即
② remember not to do sth. 记得不做某事
③ keep calm 保持冷静
[高分句型]
① Today I’d like to talk about how to protect ourselves in the flood.（疑问词+不定式作宾语）
② if the flood washes us away, we should keep calm.（if引导的条件状语从句）
5．
Dear friends,
Garden City was hit by a typhoon last week. It’s reported that the typhoon was so strong that many people lost their lives and got hurt. Many houses and schools were destroyed. People there are living a hard life now.
People all over the world are trying their best to help them, not excepting us. Offer your love to them. What you can do is only to donate a pencil, a bag, some coats that you don’t want to dress in, or a little pocket money. A little love is a great help to them. If possible, you can work as a volunteer to help some homeless students with their life and work.
Please donate your love and give out your hands without hesitation.
Thank you for your attention and care.
Yours,
Li Hua
1.题干解读：本文要求以李华身份写一封倡议信，帮助那些在Garden City台风中受灾的人们。
2.写作指导：本文陈述地震导致的后果用一般过去时；书写要符合倡议书的格式，倡议书内容包括：倡议的原因（地震导致人们无家可归）、倡议的内容（捐钱、捐物等）并发出倡议。行文要结构完整，条理清晰。
6．A landslide
Last Monday morning, after two days’ heavy rain, a landslide happened.
I was at home with my mother and then my father came back in the afternoon. It was raining heavily. He asked me to leave quickly with umbrellas. Just then, the house started to shake. We were very afraid and ran away quickly.
The next morning, we went back home. We found that there was no house at all. There were only pieces of glass and bricks everywhere. We felt very sad.
这是一篇要求写自己经历的一次自然灾害——山崩。动笔前先要认真阅读要点，围绕要点组织材料，然后用正确的英语句子把这些内容表达出来，在此基础上亦可适当发挥，注意不要遗漏材料中给出的要点。根据材料可知本文主要是应用第一人称，一般过去时态，注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误。注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，语意连贯。
7．
Dear fellow students,
Trees are very important in our lives. They provide us with oxygen and help clean the air. Trees also offer homes to many animals and prevent soil erosion. However, humans keep cutting down forests and destroying trees for money and land. This harms the environment and our future.
To protect trees, we should plant more in our community and avoid wasting paper. We can also raise awareness about the importance of trees. Let’s work together to save them and keep our planet green.
Students’ union
[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇应用文，为书信作文；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏“信息提示”中关于树木的重要性、人们对树木的破坏及如何保护树木的要点，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，表明写作意图。借用“树木在我们的生活中非常重要”来引出后文；
第二步，具体阐述写作内容。从“树木的重要性、人们对树木的破坏、如何保护树木”几个方面重点介绍倡议书的具体情况；
第三步，书写结语。表达“希望大家爱护树木，保护环境”的愿望。
[亮点词汇]
①provide sb. with sth. 提供某人某物
②prevent...from... 阻止……免受……
③cut down 砍倒
④work together 一起工作
[高分句型]
①Trees also offer homes to many animals and prevent soil erosion. (并列句，由and连接两个并列的谓语结构)
8．
As we all know, our environment is getting worse and worse. There are many reasons for it. People cut down too many trees and throw rubbish here and there. Factories let out their waste water into the rivers. This has caused some serious problems. For example, the land is sandy; the river is polluted; even the temperature of the Earth is rising. Also, there are too many cars in the street. The air is polluted and less clean than before.
What shall we do to save it? My suggestions are as follows. To begin with, we should plant more trees, put the rubbish into dustbins and stop factories pouring waste into the air or rivers. What’s more, when we go out, we can use sharing bikes or take buses instead of taking cars. As students, we must start small things. At school we can use both sides of paper. At home we also can use used water to water flowers. They can save energy and be good for our Earth.
We have only one Earth, and we should do everything to protect it, or we’ll regret.
[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇材料作文；
②时态：时态主要为“一般现在时”；
③提示：写作要点已给出，注意不要遗漏“表格提示”中每一项内容，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，说明环境污染的原因；
第二步，介绍环境污染导致的一些后果；
第三步，最后给出相应的应对措施。
[亮点词汇]
①As we all know众所周知
②let out释放（水、空气等）
③To begin with首先
④What’s more更重要的是
⑤instead of而不是
[高分句型]
①Also, there are too many cars in the street.（there be句型）
②What’s more, when we go out, we can use sharing bikes or take buses instead of taking cars.（时间状语从句）
9．
The environmental problems are very serious these days. In order to make our country more beautiful, we students should do something to protect the environment.
I think we should turn off the lights to save electricity when we leave the room. And when we brush our teeth, we’d better turn off the taps. Also, we should advise our parents to take the bus to work instead of driving and use reusable bags when shopping. Only if we know what to do in our daily life can we make a difference.
How important it is for us to protect the environment!
［总体分析］
①题材：本文是一篇材料作文。
②时态：主要使用“一般现在时”。
③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏题目要求中每一项内容，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。
［写作步骤］
第一步，表明写作意图。文章开头直接点明当前环境问题的严重性，从而引出学生需要为保护环境做些事情的观点，明确写作目的。
第二步，具体阐述。从日常生活的多个角度，详细列举学生能够践行的环保行为，并解释这些行为对保护环境的积极作用，为论点提供有力支撑。
第三步，书写结语。通过感叹句强调保护环境的重要性，升华主题，引起读者对环保问题的重视。
［亮点词汇］
①environmental problems 环境问题
②serious 严峻的
③protect the environment 保护环境
④turn off 关闭
⑤save electricity 节约用电
⑥brush teeth 刷牙
⑦tap 水龙头
⑧instead of 代替
⑨reusable bags 可重复使用的袋子
⑩make a difference 有影响；起作用
［高分句型］
①Only if we know what to do in our daily life can we make a difference.（部分倒装句）
②How important it is for us to protect the environment!（感叹句）
10．
Dear Li Hua,
I am very excited to receive your e-mail. I am interested in your questions.
There are many rivers in our city. Ming Jiang River is one of the longest rivers. But the water in the river isn’t as clean as before. This is because people cut the trees down a lot, and some factories pour polluted water into it. As we know, trees can keep the water much cleaner. On March 12th, we often plant some trees on the hills. More and more trees are growing. Our government is trying to stop the factories pouring dirty water into it. I think the water is becoming cleaner and cleaner.
Looking forward to meeting you soon.
Yours,
Li Ming
1.题干解读：本文是一篇书信作文。根据李华信中的问题进行一一回复，内容包括：所在城市是否有河流，河水干净还是脏的以及原因，做了哪些保护河流的事情。
2.写作指导：本文以第一人称为主，时态综合使用一般现在时、一般过去时和现在进行时。描述时注意保持主谓一致性，逻辑性要强，无标点和语法错误。
(
一
/
1
)学科网（北京）股份有限公司
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
$
资源预览图
