27.Unit 6 When disaster strikes(语法知识)-2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固（外研版2024）
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2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(外研版2024)
Unit 6 When disaster strikes语法知识
必备知识清单
单元语法释疑
过去进行时
过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense）是英语中一个重要的时态，它用来描述过去某个时间点或时间段内正在进行的动作或状态。掌握过去进行时对于准确表达过去发生的事情、描述故事背景等非常关键。下面我们来详细学习过去进行时的用法。
一、构成形式
过去进行时由 “was/were + 动词的现在分词（V - ing）” 构成。其中，was 用于第一人称单数（I）和第三人称单数（he/she/it），were 用于第二人称单数和复数（you）以及第一、三人称复数（we/they）。
1.肯定句：主语 + was/were + V - ing + 其他成分。
例如：
I was doing my homework at eight o'clock last night.（昨晚八点我正在做作业。）
She was watching TV when her mother came back.（她妈妈回来时她正在看电视。）
2.否定句：主语 + was/were + not + V - ing + 其他成分。
例如：
They were not playing football in the park yesterday afternoon.（昨天下午他们没有在公园里踢足球。）
He was not reading a book at that time.（那时他没有在看书。）
3.一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + V - ing + 其他成分？
回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were./ No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't.
例如：
Were you cleaning your room at nine this morning?（今天早上九点你在打扫房间吗？）
Yes, I was.（是的，我在。） / No, I wasn't.（不，我不在。）
Was she singing in the classroom just now?（刚才她在教室里唱歌吗？）
Yes, she was.（是的，她在。） / No, she wasn't.（不，她不在。）
4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + V - ing + 其他成分？
例如：
What were you doing when the teacher came in?（老师进来时你在做什么？）
Where was he playing basketball at five o'clock yesterday?（昨天五点他在哪里打篮球？）
二、用法讲解
1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作：常与表示过去的具体时间点状语连用，如 at nine o'clock last night（昨晚九点）、at this time yesterday（昨天这个时候）等。
例句：
My father was repairing the bike at ten o'clock this morning.（今天上午十点我爸爸正在修理自行车。）
The students were listening to the teacher carefully at 8:30 in the morning.（上午八点半学生们正在认真听老师讲课。）
2.表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作：常与表示过去的一段时间状语连用，如 from seven to nine last night（昨晚七点到九点）、all day yesterday（昨天一整天）等。
例句：
We were cleaning the classroom from two to three yesterday afternoon.（昨天下午两点到三点我们在打扫教室。）
She was reading a novel all morning last Sunday.（上周日整个上午她都在看一本小说。）
3.在复合句中，用来描述一件事发生的背景：一个长动作正在进行时，另一个短动作发生了。长动作用过去进行时，短动作用一般过去时。这时常用 when 或 while 引导时间状语从句。
当 when 引导时间状语从句时，从句中的动词可以是短暂性动词（用一般过去时），也可以是延续性动词（用一般过去时或过去进行时）。
例如：
I was walking in the street when it began to rain.（我正在街上走，突然开始下雨了。）“began” 是短暂性动词，用一般过去时；“was walking” 是延续性动词，用过去进行时。
When I saw him, he was playing football.（当我看见他时，他正在踢足球。）“saw” 是短暂性动词，用一般过去时；“was playing” 是延续性动词，用过去进行时。
4.当 while 引导时间状语从句时，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词，且常用过去进行时。
例如：
While my mother was cooking, I was doing my homework.（我妈妈做饭的时候，我正在做作业。）“was cooking” 和 “was doing” 都是延续性动词，都用过去进行时。
While they were talking, the teacher came in.（他们正在谈话时，老师进来了。）“were talking” 是延续性动词，用过去进行时；“came” 是短暂性动词，用一般过去时。
5.表示过去将要发生的动作：常用于某些表示位置移动的动词，如 come（来）、go（去）、leave（离开）、start（开始）等。这种用法通常带有计划、安排的含义。
例句：
She told me that she was leaving for Beijing the next day.（她告诉我她第二天要去北京。）
They said they were coming to visit us soon.（他们说他们很快要来拜访我们。）
三、与一般过去时的区别
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，强调动作已经完成；而过去进行时强调在过去某个时间点或时间段内动作正在进行，不一定完成。
例句：
He wrote a letter last night.（他昨晚写了一封信。）强调 “写了” 这个动作完成了。
He was writing a letter at eight o'clock last night.（昨晚八点他正在写信。）强调在昨晚八点这个时间点 “写信” 这个动作正在进行。
【注意事项】
有些动词不能用于进行时态：如表示感觉、情感、认知、所属等的动词，常见的有 see（看见）、hear（听见）、like（喜欢）、love（爱）、know（知道）、understand（理解）、belong（属于）等。例如不能说 “I was knowing the answer.”，而要说 “I knew the answer.”（我知道答案。）
四、现在分词的变化规则
一般情况下，直接在动词原形后加 - ing。如：go - going, play - playing, read - reading。
以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，去掉 e，再加 - ing。如：write - writing, make - making, take - taking。
以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加 - ing。如：stop - stopping, run - running, swim - swimming。
以 ie 结尾的动词，把 ie 变为 y，再加 - ing。如：die - dying, lie - lying, tie - tying。
综合实战演练
一、单项选择
1．— Did you notice ________ in her office? — Yes. She was going over our writing.
A．what was Miss Lin doing B．what Miss Lin was doing
C．what does Miss Lin do D．what Miss Lin does
2．Alice ________ a magazine when her father got home.
A．is reading B．was reading C．will read D．reads
3．The teacher ________ into the classroom while the students ________ loudly.
A．came; were talking B．comes; are talking C．came; talked D．was coming; talked
4．While we ________ in the park, we met an old friend.
A．walked B．are walking C．were walking D．walk
5．I ________ to school when I saw a car accident.
A．walked B．was walking C．am walking D．walks
6．I called you at eight last night, but you didn’t answer. What ________ you ________ at that time?
A．are; doing B．were; doing C．do; do D．did; do
7．The boy ________ when I saw him.
A．runs B．ran C．was running D．is running
8．The little girl ________ when I saw her yesterday.
A．cried B．cries C．was crying D．is crying
9．While my mother ________ dinner, my father was watching TV.
A．cooks B．cooked C．was cooking D．is cooking
10．—Look out! You almost drive into the river.
—Oh dear ! I ________ the directions on the map just now and didn’t see it.
A．look up B．was looking up C．looked up D．will look up
11．My father ________ when I got home this afternoon.
A．cooks B．cooked C．will cook D．was cooking
12．—Why didn’t Jack see me when I came in?
—Oh, he ________ a video at that moment.
A．is watching B．watched C．was watching D．will watch
13．—What were you doing when the teacher came in?
—I ________ a storybook.
A．read B．am reading C．was reading D．will read
14．While the teacher ________ the blackboard, the students were talking.
A．cleaned B．was cleaning C．cleans D．will clean
15．They ________ a party when the lights went out.
A．had B．were having C．have D．will have
16．—What were you doing at this time yesterday?
—I ________ to music.
A．listen B．listened C．am listening D．was listening
17．While I was doing my homework, my father ________ TV.
A．watched B．was watching C．watches D．will watch
18．—Why didn’t you reply to my WeChat message?
—Sorry. I ________a walk with my grandparents at that time.
A．am taking B．have taken C．was taking D．took
19．—I called you at 8:00 last night, but you didn’t answer.
—Oh, I ________ a shower.
A．took B．was taking C．am taking D．take
20．—Do you know where your sister is?
—Sorry. I ________ about a question and didn’t hear what you said.
A．will think B．am thinking C．have thought D．was thinking
21．—I called you yesterday evening, but no one answered the phone.
—Sorry. I ________ the flowers in the garden.
A．watered B．am watering C．was watering D．have watered
22．I saw him on the playground yesterday. He ________ tennis at that moment.
A．plays B．is playing C．was playing D．will play
23．—What were you doing at 8:00 last night?
—I _______ rubbish with my classmates by Zijiang River.
A．picked up B．am picking up C．was picking up D．pick up
24．The children ________ games in the garden when their parents called them in for dinner.
A．play B．will play C．were playing D．are playing
25．I ________ on the phone with my cousin when my father came in.
A．talk B．was talking C．is talking D．talked
26．I didn’t hear the knock on the door just now because I ________ an exciting football match.
A．watched B．have watched C．will watch D．was watching
27．—I called you last night but you didn’t answer.
—Sorry, I ________ a shower then.
A．was taking B．took C．have taken D．take
28．Darren was watching TV while I ________ a shower.
A．take B．took C．is taking D．was taking
29．Sally ________ a book report in the library when Alice sat next to her quietly.
A．wrote B．will write C．has written D．was writing
30．My sister ________ her homework when my mother came in.
A．is doing B．was doing C．were doing D．doing
31．When I got home yesterday, my brother ________ a model spacecraft for his school project.
A．makes B．will make C．has made D．was making
32．—Kevin, did you see Yue Yunpeng on TV last night?
—The actor in Deyun Club (德云社)? Yes, he ________ with Sun Yue then.
A．will act B．acts C．was acting D．is acting
33．—Cindy, my sunglasses are on the floor and they are broken. What happened?
—Sorry, dear. I don’t know. I _________ in the kitchen then.
A．cook B．was cooking C．have cooked D．will cook
34．—Cindy, my sunglasses are on the floor and they are broken. What happened?
—Sorry, dear. I don’t know. I ________ in the kitchen then.
A．cook B．was cooking C．have cooked D．will cook
35．—Amy, you didn’t answer my call yesterday evening.
—Sorry, I didn’t hear the ring. I ________ a book in my study.
A．am reading B．have read C．was reading D．read
36．—Who passed by the window just now, Tina?
—Sorry. I ________ on my mobile phone and didn’t notice it.
A．read B．reads C．has read D．was reading
37．Tim ________ a picture when Mr. Green came in.
A．draw B．will draw C．drew D．was drawing
38．While I ________ the piano, my brother ________ video games loudly beside me.
A．played; was playing B．was playing; played C．was playing; was playing D．played; played
39．The boy with two dogs ________ in the yard when the earthquake hit the city.
A．is playing B．are playing C．was playing D．were playing
40．—Dave, did you notice that someone knocked (敲) at the door just now?
—No, I ________ a football game on TV.
A．watched B．am watching C．was watching D．have watched
二、完成句子
41．当学校篮球赛开始的时候，凯特还在去学校的路上。
the school basketball competition , Kate still way to school.
42．昨天这个时候他们正在公园里散步。
They in the park at this time yesterday.
43．第二组的任务是打扫长椅和收集垃圾，垃圾是游客们丢下的。
The for Group Two was cleaning the benches and . The litter around by tourists.
44．他期待着与新首相共事。
He was with the new Prime Minister.
45．当我过马路时，他们正在拆那栋楼。
When I went across the road, they were that building.
46．我在写字时她保持安静。
She kept silent I .
47．昨天晚上七点，我正在做家庭作业。
I my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening.
48．就在那时，我看到了Jeremy。她独自一人坐在一张桌子旁。
Just then, I saw Jeremy. She was at a desk.
49．昨晚你出发时，我们正与红队比赛。
When you last night, we were the Red Team.
50．当你参观故宫博物馆的时候，我正准备期末考试。
While you were on the visit to the Palace Museum, I was the final exams.
51．当我到家的时候，我哥哥正在玩电脑游戏。
home, my brother was playing computer games.
52．昨天那个时候，他在医院照看他的父亲。
He his father in the hospital at that time yesterday.
53．我不记得我当时正在做什么。
I didn’t remember at that time.
54．我在翻阅一些旧照片的时候，注意到了一张我父母的结婚照。
I was some old photos when I noticed a wedding picture of my parents.
55．昨天当我进来时，我妈妈在浏览我的日记。
My mother through my diaries when I came in yesterday.
56．昨天晚上八点钟玛利亚在做家庭作业。
Maria her homework at 8:00 last night.
57．去年冬天，人们都很关注2022年卡塔尔世界杯。
Last winter, people were FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022.
58．当他醒来时，风正在逐渐减弱。
The wind was when he woke up.
59．很多人都记得在1968年4月4日他们正在做什么。
Many people remember what they on April 4, 1968.
60．那天早上你来我家时，我正在洗澡。
I was when you came to my home that morning.
参考答案
一、
1．B
【解析】句意：——你注意到林老师在她办公室里正在做什么吗？——注意到了。她正在批改我们的作文。
考查宾语从句。notice后的宾语从句属于特殊疑问句，但语序应为“疑问词+陈述句语序”。根据答语“She was going over our writing.”可知，从句中的谓语动词应用过去进行时。故选B。
2．B
【解析】句意：爱丽丝正在看一本杂志，这时她父亲回家了。
考查时态。此处是when引导的时间状语从句，从句是一般过去时态，主句用过去进行时，其结构是was/were doing的形式，故选B。
3．A
【解析】句意：老师走进教室时，学生们正在大声交谈。
考查动词时态。根据“The teacher ... into the classroom”以及“while”引导时间状语从句可知，此处表示当老师进门时，学生们正在进行的动作，因此从句需用过去进行时，其结构是was/were+动词的现在分词。主语是the students，be动词用were，因此第二个空用were talking；“老师走进教室”是短暂发生的动作，因此第一个空用一般过去时came。故选A。
4．C
【解析】句意：当我们在公园散步时，我们遇到了一位老朋友。
考查时态。walked一般过去时；are walking现在进行时；were walking过去进行时；walk一般现在时。根据“While we...in the park, we met an old friend.”可知，这里强调我们正在散步的时候，遇到了一位老朋友，应该使用过去进行时。故选C。
5．B
【解析】句意：我在去学校的路上看到了一场车祸。
考查时态。根据时间状语“when I saw a car accident”可知，看到车祸时，“走路”这一动作正在进行，因此需用过去进行时（was/were + doing）表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作。故选B。
6．B
【解析】句意：我昨晚8点给你打电话，但你没有接。那时候你在做什么？
考查动词时态。根据“at that time”可知，此处询问过去某个时间对方正在做的事情，应该用过去进行时，主语是you，be动词用were。故选B。
7．C
【解析】句意：我看见那个男孩的时候，他正在跑步。
考查动词时态。runs跑步，一般现在时；ran是一般过去时；was running是过去进行时；is running是现在进行时。根据 “when I saw him” 可知，“看见” 是过去的动作，而 “跑步” 这个动作在 “看见” 的时候正在进行，应用过去进行时，故选 C。
8．C
【解析】句意：昨天当我看见那个小女孩时，她正在哭。
考查动词时态。根据“when I saw her yesterday”可知，此处表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，用过去进行时was/were doing。故选C。
9．C
【解析】句意：当我妈妈正在做晚饭时，我爸爸在看电视。
考查时态。根据“While my mother...dinner, my father was watching TV.”可知，此处描述的是过去某一时刻正在同时发生的两个动作，需用过去进行时（was/were+doing）表示。故选C。
10．B
【解析】句意：——小心！你差点把车开进河里。 ——哦，天哪！我刚才在地图上查了一下方向，没看见。
考查一般过去时。根据“the directions on the map just now and didn’t see it”可知动作发生在过去且强调当时正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。故选B。
11．D
【解析】句意：今天下午我到家时，我父亲正在做饭。
考查动词时态。根据“when I got home this afternoon.”可知，主句需要用过去进行时来表达“在那个时间点正在进行的动作”，父亲的动作（做饭）应强调“我到家时”正在进行，因此用过去进行时“was cooking ”。故选D。
12．C
【解析】句意：——我进来的时候杰克为什么没看见我？——哦，他当时正在看视频。
考查过去进行时。is watching正在看（现在进行时）；watched看了（一般过去时）；was watching当时正在看（过去进行时）；will watch将要看（一般将来时）。根据“Why didn’t Jack see me when I came in?”可知是发生在过去的事情，根据“he… a video at that moment”可知，空格处需用过去进行时表示“当时正在发生”的动作，杰克当时正在看视频，所以有人进来的时候没看见。故选C。
13．C
【解析】句意：——老师进来的时候你在做什么？——我在看一本故事书。
考查时态。根据问句“What were you doing when the teacher came in?”可知，此处询问的是过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，需用过去进行时（was/were doing）。故选C。
14．B
【解析】句意：当老师在擦黑板时，学生们在说话。
考查时态。从句时态为过去进行时，while引导的从句也用过去进行时，表示两个动作同时进行，结构为be+doing。故选B。
15．B
【解析】句意：灯熄灭的时候，他们正在举办派对。
考查时态。根据“They...a party when the lights went out.”可知，此处强调“灯熄灭的时候”他们正在做的事情，用过去进行时。故选B。
16．D
【解析】句意：——昨天这个时候你正在做什么？——我在听音乐。
考查时态。根据“What were you doing at this time yesterday?”可知，询问过去某个时刻在做什么，答句用过去进行时，结构为was/were doing，I作主语，be动词用was。故选D。
17．B
【解析】句意：当我在做作业时，我父亲正在看电视。
考查动词时态。从句“While I was doing my homework”使用过去进行时，表示过去正在进行的动作，主句也应用过去进行时，其结构为was/were doing。故选B。
18．C
【解析】句意：——你为什么不回复我的微信消息？——抱歉。那时我正在和祖父母散步。
考查动词时态。根据句中“at that time”可知，此处强调过去某个特定时间点正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。故选C。
19．B
【解析】句意：——我昨晚8点给你打电话了，但你没接。——哦，我当时正在洗澡。
考查时态。根据“I called you at 8:00 last night, but you didn’t answer.”可知，此处讲述的是昨晚八点正在做的事情，用过去进行时“was/were doing”。故选B。
20．D
【解析】句意：——你知道你妹妹在哪里吗？——对不起，我在想一个问题，没有听到你说的话。
考查动词时态。根据“and didn’t hear what you said”可知，指过去那个时刻正在思考一个问题，表示过去正在发生的动作，使用过去进行时，结构为was/were doing，主语为I，be动词用was。故选D。
21．C
【解析】句意：——我昨天晚上打电话给你，但是没人接电话。——对不起。我正在花园里浇花。
考查时态。根据“I called you yesterday evening, but no one answered the phone.”和“I ... the flowers in the garden.”可知，强调在过去的时间点，正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，故选C。
22．C
【解析】句意：我昨天在操场上看见他了。那时他正在打网球。
考查时态。根据“at that moment”可知，此处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。故选C。
23．C
【解析】句意：——昨晚8点你正在做什么？——我正在和我同班同学在资江河边捡垃圾。
考查过去进行时。picked up捡起，一般过去时；am picking up正在捡，现在进行时；was picking up正在捡，过去进行时；pick up捡起，一般现在时。根据问句 “What were you doing at 8:00 last night?”可知，这是过去进行时的问句，回答也要用过去进行时。故选C。
24．C
【解析】句意：当他们的父母叫他们进来吃晚饭时，孩子们正在花园里玩游戏。
考查时态辨析。根据“when their parents called them in for dinner”可知此处指当父母叫他们吃饭时，孩子们正在花园里玩游戏，用过去进行时，其结构为was/were doing。故选C。
25．B
【解析】句意：当我爸爸进来的时候，我正在和我的表亲打电话。
考查过去进行时。talk用于一般现在时；was talking是过去进行时；is talking是现在进行时；talked是一般过去时，强调动作已完成。根据“when my father came in”可知，是一个过去的时间点，强调在这个过去动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。“was talking”表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。故选B。
26．D
【解析】句意：我刚才没有听到敲门声，因为我正在看一场激动人心的足球比赛。
考查动词的时态。watched看，是一般过去时；have watched已经看了，是现在完成时；will watch将要看，是一般将来时；was watching正在看，是过去进行时。根据“I didn’t hear the knock on the door just now”可知，我刚才没有听到敲门声，因为我正在看一场激动人心的足球比赛。此处表示过去的某个时间正在做某事，应该用过去进行时。故选D。
27．A
【解析】句意： ——昨晚我给你打电话了，但你没接。 ——抱歉，我当时正在洗澡。
考查动词时态辨析。was taking过去进行时；took过去式；have taken现在完成时；take动词原形。根据题干“then当时”的时间提示可知，需用过去进行时，强调过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，故选A。
28．D
【解析】句意：当我正在淋浴时，达伦正在看电视。
考查动词时态。分析子结构可知，句子描述两个同时发生的过去动作：“Darren看电视”和“我洗澡”；主句用过去进行时“was watching”，从句需用相同时态，强调“过去某时刻正在进行的动作”，其结构为was/were doing；主语为“I”，be动词应用was，动词take的现在分词为taking。故选D。
29．D
【解析】句意：Sally在图书馆写读书报告时，Alice悄悄地坐在她旁边。
考查动词时态。根据“...when Alice sat next to her quietly”可知，此处是强调Sally在Alice坐下时正在进行的动作，表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。故选D。
30．B
【解析】句意：我妈妈进来时，我姐姐正在做作业。
考查时态。根据“when my mother came in”可知妈妈进来时，她正在做作业，用过去进行时was/were doing，主语是My sister，be动词用was。故选B。
31．D
【解析】句意：昨天我回到家时，我哥哥正在为他的学校项目制作一个太空船模型。
考查时态。根据“When I got home yesterday”可知，此处指过去某一时刻，正在发生的事情，应用过去进行时。故选D。
32．C
【解析】句意：——凯文，你昨晚在电视上看到岳云鹏了吗？——是德云社的那个演员吗？是的，当时他正在和孙越一起表演。
考查时态辨析。will act将演出，一般将来时；acts三单形式；was acting过去进行时；is acting现在进行时。根据“did you see YueYunpeng on TV last night?”和“Yes, he...with SunYue then.”可知，“then”指代昨晚看电视的那个时候，说明当时岳云鹏和孙越正在表演，这句话用过去进行时。故选C。
33．B
【解析】句意：——辛迪，我的太阳镜在地板上，坏了。发生了什么事？——对不起，亲爱的。我不知道。当时我在厨房做饭呢。
考查动词的时态。根据“What happened?”和“then”可知，此处指太阳镜坏的时候正在做饭，用过去进行时was/were doing。故选B。
34．B
【解析】句意：——Cindy，我的太阳镜在地上，它们坏了。发生了什么？——对不起，亲爱的。我不知道。我当时在厨房做饭。
考查时态。根据“What happened?”和“then”可知，此处指太阳镜坏的时候正在做饭，用过去进行时“was/were doing”。故选B。
35．C
【解析】句意：——埃米，你昨晚没接我的电话。——抱歉，我没听到铃声。我当时正在书房里看书。
考查动词时态。根据“I didn’t hear the ring”可知，“昨晚没接电话”的时间点是过去的具体时刻，强调“当时正在看书”，属于过去某时正在进行的动作，用过去进行时was reading。故选C。
36．D
【解析】句意：——刚才谁从窗户旁边经过，蒂娜？——对不起。我当时正在看手机，没有注意到。
考查时态。根据“Who passed by the window just now, Tina?”以及“didn’t notice it”可知，此处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时“was/were+动词现在分词”，主语为I，be动词用was，故选D。
37．D
【解析】句意：格林先生进来时，蒂姆正在画画。
考查动词时态。draw一般现在时；will draw一般将来时；drew一般过去时；was drawing过去进行时。根据“when Mr. Green came in”可知，这里强调格林先生进来的那一刻，蒂姆正在画画，用过去进行时。故选D。
38．C
【解析】句意：当我正在弹钢琴时，我的弟弟在我旁边正在大声玩电子游戏。
考查while引导的时间状语从句时态。while引导的时间状语从句，强调主从句动作同时进行，常用过去进行时（was/were + 现在分词）。“弹钢琴”和“玩电子游戏” 两个动作同时发生，主语I和my brother对应的be动词过去式都是was，都用was playing。故选C。
39．C
【解析】句意：当地震袭击这座城市时，那个男孩和两只狗正在院子里玩耍。
考查过去进行时和主谓一致。根据“when the earthquake hit the city”可知，此处表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时，结构是：was/were+现在分词；根据“The boy with two dogs”可知，with连接的并列主语，遵循“就远原则”，所以be动词用was。故选C。
40．C
【解析】句意：——戴夫，你注意到刚才有人敲门了吗？——没有，我正在看电视上的足球比赛。
考查动词时态。根据“I …a football game on TV.”及“Dave, did you notice that someone knocked (敲) at the door just now?”可知，此处是指过去的某个时间正在做某事，应用过去进行时，其结构为was/were+doing，主语是I，be动词应用was。故选C。
二、
41． When started was making her
【解析】讲述过去某个时间点另一件事正在发生，用“when”引导时间状语从句，从句是一般过去时，动词用过去式“started”表示“开始”。表示“在去学校的路上”用短语“make one’s way to school”，主句是过去进行时，主语是第三人称单数，用“was making”。“Kate”是女性，用形容词性物主代词“her”放名词“way”前。句首首字母“w”大写。故填When；started；was；making；her。
42． were walking
【解析】根据句意及空处可知，缺少“正在散步”的表达。根据“at this time yesterday”可知，此处用过去进行时态，其结构为 “was/were + 现在分词”。主语“They”是复数，be动词用“were”，walk“散步”，其现在分词是“walking”。故填were；walking。
43． task collecting the litter was left/thrown
【解析】根据中英文提示可知，第一空：“任务”对应英文task，根据“was”可知用单数形式；第二至四空：“收集垃圾”译为collecting the litter，与cleaning the benches并列，用动名词形式作表语，collecting the litter符合语境；第五、六空：“垃圾是游客们丢下的”中，主语The litter与“丢下/扔”是被动关系，用被动语态“be+过去分词”。结合时态是一般过去时，leave的过去分词为left，throw的过去分词为thrown，was left/thrown符合语境。故填task；collecting；the；litter；was；left/thrown。
44． looking forward to working
【解析】look forward to doing sth“期待做某事”，是固定表达；work“工作”，动词。根据题干中的“was”可知，动词应用现在分词构成过去进行时。故填looking；forward；to；working。
45． taking down
【解析】拆：take down，此处用现在分词和be动词构成过去进行时。故填taking；down。
46． while was writing
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，空缺部分是“在写字时”，结合“She kept silent”和句意可知，此处时态为过去进行时，表示在过去的时间，正在发生的动作，主语是I，所以结构为：was+现在分词；while“当……时”；write“写”，其现在分词是writing。故填while；was；writing。
47． was doing
【解析】do one’s homework“做作业”，动词短语；根据“at 7:00 yesterday evening”可知，时态为过去进行时，结构为was/were doing；主语为I，应用was。故填was；doing。
48． sitting alone
【解析】根据语境及空格前的“was”可知使用过去进行时结构，即was/were+doing；sit坐，动词；alone独自，副词，可修饰动词，位于动词后。故填sitting；alone。
49． set off fighting against
【解析】短语set off表示“出发”，根据“last night”可知此处时态为过去时；短语fight against表示“和……比赛”，根据从句可知，主句为过去进行时“was+动词现在分词”。故填set off；fighting against。
50． preparing for
【解析】prepare for“准备”，空处用现在分词与was一起构成过去进行时。故填preparing；for。
51． When I got
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，when“当……时候”；I“我”；get home“到家”。根据“my brother was playing computer games.”可知，从句应用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填When；I；got。
52． was looking/caring after/for
【解析】照顾：look after/care for；根据“at that time yesterday”可知此处表示昨天的那个时候正在照顾父亲，用过去进行时，其构成为主语+was/were+doing。主语是He，be动词用was。故填was；looking/caring；after/for。
53． what I was doing
【解析】分析句子可知，横线上是宾语从句，时态为过去进行时。语序为陈述句语序。“什么”what；“我”I；“正在做”，由于主语是第一人称，时态为过去进行，所以是was doing。故填what；I；was；doing。
54． looking through
【解析】look through翻阅，根据“was…some old photos when I noticed a wedding picture of my parents.”可知，主句用过去进行时。故填looking；through。
55． was looking
【解析】浏览：look through；根据“when I came in yesterday.”可知进来的时候，妈妈正在浏览我的日记，用过去进行时was/were doing，主语是My mother，be动词用was。故填was；looking。
56． was doing
【解析】根据“at 8:00 last night.”及汉语可知，本句时态用过去进行时，主语是Maria，be动词用was；“做家庭作业”do one’s homework，do要变成现在分词doing，故填was；doing。
57． paying attention to
【解析】固定短语pay attention to“关注”，根据“Last winter”以及设空处前的“people were”可知该句是过去进行时，指的是去年冬天那段时间人们很关注卡塔尔世界杯。故填paying；attention；to。
58． dying down
【解析】die down的意思是“逐渐消失，逐渐减弱”。根据句意可知，句子应用过去进行时，动词用现在分词。故填dying；down。
59． were doing
【解析】根据“正在做什么”及“on April 4, 1968”可知，从句表示过去某个时刻正在做某事，用过去进行时was/were doing的结构，根据they可知，助动词用were，故填were；doing。
60． taking a shower
【解析】take a shower“洗澡”，结合题干可知，句子用过去进行时，谓语结构是was/were doing，所以此时动词take应是现在分词taking。故填taking；a；shower。
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2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(外研版2024)
Unit 6 When disaster strikes语法知识
必备知识清单
单元语法释疑
过去进行时
过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense）是英语中一个重要的时态，它用来描述过去某个时间点或时间段内正在进行的动作或状态。掌握过去进行时对于准确表达过去发生的事情、描述故事背景等非常关键。下面我们来详细学习过去进行时的用法。
一、构成形式
过去进行时由 “was/were + 动词的现在分词（V - ing）” 构成。其中，was 用于第一人称单数（I）和第三人称单数（he/she/it），were 用于第二人称单数和复数（you）以及第一、三人称复数（we/they）。
1.肯定句：主语 + was/were + V - ing + 其他成分。
例如：
I was doing my homework at eight o'clock last night.（昨晚八点我正在做作业。）
She was watching TV when her mother came back.（她妈妈回来时她正在看电视。）
2.否定句：主语 + was/were + not + V - ing + 其他成分。
例如：
They were not playing football in the park yesterday afternoon.（昨天下午他们没有在公园里踢足球。）
He was not reading a book at that time.（那时他没有在看书。）
3.一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + V - ing + 其他成分？
回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were./ No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't.
例如：
Were you cleaning your room at nine this morning?（今天早上九点你在打扫房间吗？）
Yes, I was.（是的，我在。） / No, I wasn't.（不，我不在。）
Was she singing in the classroom just now?（刚才她在教室里唱歌吗？）
Yes, she was.（是的，她在。） / No, she wasn't.（不，她不在。）
4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + V - ing + 其他成分？
例如：
What were you doing when the teacher came in?（老师进来时你在做什么？）
Where was he playing basketball at five o'clock yesterday?（昨天五点他在哪里打篮球？）
二、用法讲解
1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作：常与表示过去的具体时间点状语连用，如 at nine o'clock last night（昨晚九点）、at this time yesterday（昨天这个时候）等。
例句：
My father was repairing the bike at ten o'clock this morning.（今天上午十点我爸爸正在修理自行车。）
The students were listening to the teacher carefully at 8:30 in the morning.（上午八点半学生们正在认真听老师讲课。）
2.表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作：常与表示过去的一段时间状语连用，如 from seven to nine last night（昨晚七点到九点）、all day yesterday（昨天一整天）等。
例句：
We were cleaning the classroom from two to three yesterday afternoon.（昨天下午两点到三点我们在打扫教室。）
She was reading a novel all morning last Sunday.（上周日整个上午她都在看一本小说。）
3.在复合句中，用来描述一件事发生的背景：一个长动作正在进行时，另一个短动作发生了。长动作用过去进行时，短动作用一般过去时。这时常用 when 或 while 引导时间状语从句。
当 when 引导时间状语从句时，从句中的动词可以是短暂性动词（用一般过去时），也可以是延续性动词（用一般过去时或过去进行时）。
例如：
I was walking in the street when it began to rain.（我正在街上走，突然开始下雨了。）“began” 是短暂性动词，用一般过去时；“was walking” 是延续性动词，用过去进行时。
When I saw him, he was playing football.（当我看见他时，他正在踢足球。）“saw” 是短暂性动词，用一般过去时；“was playing” 是延续性动词，用过去进行时。
4.当 while 引导时间状语从句时，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词，且常用过去进行时。
例如：
While my mother was cooking, I was doing my homework.（我妈妈做饭的时候，我正在做作业。）“was cooking” 和 “was doing” 都是延续性动词，都用过去进行时。
While they were talking, the teacher came in.（他们正在谈话时，老师进来了。）“were talking” 是延续性动词，用过去进行时；“came” 是短暂性动词，用一般过去时。
5.表示过去将要发生的动作：常用于某些表示位置移动的动词，如 come（来）、go（去）、leave（离开）、start（开始）等。这种用法通常带有计划、安排的含义。
例句：
She told me that she was leaving for Beijing the next day.（她告诉我她第二天要去北京。）
They said they were coming to visit us soon.（他们说他们很快要来拜访我们。）
三、与一般过去时的区别
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，强调动作已经完成；而过去进行时强调在过去某个时间点或时间段内动作正在进行，不一定完成。
例句：
He wrote a letter last night.（他昨晚写了一封信。）强调 “写了” 这个动作完成了。
He was writing a letter at eight o'clock last night.（昨晚八点他正在写信。）强调在昨晚八点这个时间点 “写信” 这个动作正在进行。
【注意事项】
有些动词不能用于进行时态：如表示感觉、情感、认知、所属等的动词，常见的有 see（看见）、hear（听见）、like（喜欢）、love（爱）、know（知道）、understand（理解）、belong（属于）等。例如不能说 “I was knowing the answer.”，而要说 “I knew the answer.”（我知道答案。）
四、现在分词的变化规则
一般情况下，直接在动词原形后加 - ing。如：go - going, play - playing, read - reading。
以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，去掉 e，再加 - ing。如：write - writing, make - making, take - taking。
以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加 - ing。如：stop - stopping, run - running, swim - swimming。
以 ie 结尾的动词，把 ie 变为 y，再加 - ing。如：die - dying, lie - lying, tie - tying。
综合实战演练
一、单项选择
1．— Did you notice ________ in her office? — Yes. She was going over our writing.
A．what was Miss Lin doing B．what Miss Lin was doing
C．what does Miss Lin do D．what Miss Lin does
2．Alice ________ a magazine when her father got home.
A．is reading B．was reading C．will read D．reads
3．The teacher ________ into the classroom while the students ________ loudly.
A．came; were talking B．comes; are talking C．came; talked D．was coming; talked
4．While we ________ in the park, we met an old friend.
A．walked B．are walking C．were walking D．walk
5．I ________ to school when I saw a car accident.
A．walked B．was walking C．am walking D．walks
6．I called you at eight last night, but you didn’t answer. What ________ you ________ at that time?
A．are; doing B．were; doing C．do; do D．did; do
7．The boy ________ when I saw him.
A．runs B．ran C．was running D．is running
8．The little girl ________ when I saw her yesterday.
A．cried B．cries C．was crying D．is crying
9．While my mother ________ dinner, my father was watching TV.
A．cooks B．cooked C．was cooking D．is cooking
10．—Look out! You almost drive into the river.
—Oh dear ! I ________ the directions on the map just now and didn’t see it.
A．look up B．was looking up C．looked up D．will look up
11．My father ________ when I got home this afternoon.
A．cooks B．cooked C．will cook D．was cooking
12．—Why didn’t Jack see me when I came in?
—Oh, he ________ a video at that moment.
A．is watching B．watched C．was watching D．will watch
13．—What were you doing when the teacher came in?
—I ________ a storybook.
A．read B．am reading C．was reading D．will read
14．While the teacher ________ the blackboard, the students were talking.
A．cleaned B．was cleaning C．cleans D．will clean
15．They ________ a party when the lights went out.
A．had B．were having C．have D．will have
16．—What were you doing at this time yesterday?
—I ________ to music.
A．listen B．listened C．am listening D．was listening
17．While I was doing my homework, my father ________ TV.
A．watched B．was watching C．watches D．will watch
18．—Why didn’t you reply to my WeChat message?
—Sorry. I ________a walk with my grandparents at that time.
A．am taking B．have taken C．was taking D．took
19．—I called you at 8:00 last night, but you didn’t answer.
—Oh, I ________ a shower.
A．took B．was taking C．am taking D．take
20．—Do you know where your sister is?
—Sorry. I ________ about a question and didn’t hear what you said.
A．will think B．am thinking C．have thought D．was thinking
21．—I called you yesterday evening, but no one answered the phone.
—Sorry. I ________ the flowers in the garden.
A．watered B．am watering C．was watering D．have watered
22．I saw him on the playground yesterday. He ________ tennis at that moment.
A．plays B．is playing C．was playing D．will play
23．—What were you doing at 8:00 last night?
—I _______ rubbish with my classmates by Zijiang River.
A．picked up B．am picking up C．was picking up D．pick up
24．The children ________ games in the garden when their parents called them in for dinner.
A．play B．will play C．were playing D．are playing
25．I ________ on the phone with my cousin when my father came in.
A．talk B．was talking C．is talking D．talked
26．I didn’t hear the knock on the door just now because I ________ an exciting football match.
A．watched B．have watched C．will watch D．was watching
27．—I called you last night but you didn’t answer.
—Sorry, I ________ a shower then.
A．was taking B．took C．have taken D．take
28．Darren was watching TV while I ________ a shower.
A．take B．took C．is taking D．was taking
29．Sally ________ a book report in the library when Alice sat next to her quietly.
A．wrote B．will write C．has written D．was writing
30．My sister ________ her homework when my mother came in.
A．is doing B．was doing C．were doing D．doing
31．When I got home yesterday, my brother ________ a model spacecraft for his school project.
A．makes B．will make C．has made D．was making
32．—Kevin, did you see Yue Yunpeng on TV last night?
—The actor in Deyun Club (德云社)? Yes, he ________ with Sun Yue then.
A．will act B．acts C．was acting D．is acting
33．—Cindy, my sunglasses are on the floor and they are broken. What happened?
—Sorry, dear. I don’t know. I _________ in the kitchen then.
A．cook B．was cooking C．have cooked D．will cook
34．—Cindy, my sunglasses are on the floor and they are broken. What happened?
—Sorry, dear. I don’t know. I ________ in the kitchen then.
A．cook B．was cooking C．have cooked D．will cook
35．—Amy, you didn’t answer my call yesterday evening.
—Sorry, I didn’t hear the ring. I ________ a book in my study.
A．am reading B．have read C．was reading D．read
36．—Who passed by the window just now, Tina?
—Sorry. I ________ on my mobile phone and didn’t notice it.
A．read B．reads C．has read D．was reading
37．Tim ________ a picture when Mr. Green came in.
A．draw B．will draw C．drew D．was drawing
38．While I ________ the piano, my brother ________ video games loudly beside me.
A．played; was playing B．was playing; played C．was playing; was playing D．played; played
39．The boy with two dogs ________ in the yard when the earthquake hit the city.
A．is playing B．are playing C．was playing D．were playing
40．—Dave, did you notice that someone knocked (敲) at the door just now?
—No, I ________ a football game on TV.
A．watched B．am watching C．was watching D．have watched
二、完成句子
41．当学校篮球赛开始的时候，凯特还在去学校的路上。
the school basketball competition , Kate still way to school.
42．昨天这个时候他们正在公园里散步。
They in the park at this time yesterday.
43．第二组的任务是打扫长椅和收集垃圾，垃圾是游客们丢下的。
The for Group Two was cleaning the benches and . The litter around by tourists.
44．他期待着与新首相共事。
He was with the new Prime Minister.
45．当我过马路时，他们正在拆那栋楼。
When I went across the road, they were that building.
46．我在写字时她保持安静。
She kept silent I .
47．昨天晚上七点，我正在做家庭作业。
I my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening.
48．就在那时，我看到了Jeremy。她独自一人坐在一张桌子旁。
Just then, I saw Jeremy. She was at a desk.
49．昨晚你出发时，我们正与红队比赛。
When you last night, we were the Red Team.
50．当你参观故宫博物馆的时候，我正准备期末考试。
While you were on the visit to the Palace Museum, I was the final exams.
51．当我到家的时候，我哥哥正在玩电脑游戏。
home, my brother was playing computer games.
52．昨天那个时候，他在医院照看他的父亲。
He his father in the hospital at that time yesterday.
53．我不记得我当时正在做什么。
I didn’t remember at that time.
54．我在翻阅一些旧照片的时候，注意到了一张我父母的结婚照。
I was some old photos when I noticed a wedding picture of my parents.
55．昨天当我进来时，我妈妈在浏览我的日记。
My mother through my diaries when I came in yesterday.
56．昨天晚上八点钟玛利亚在做家庭作业。
Maria her homework at 8:00 last night.
57．去年冬天，人们都很关注2022年卡塔尔世界杯。
Last winter, people were FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022.
58．当他醒来时，风正在逐渐减弱。
The wind was when he woke up.
59．很多人都记得在1968年4月4日他们正在做什么。
Many people remember what they on April 4, 1968.
60．那天早上你来我家时，我正在洗澡。
I was when you came to my home that morning.
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