26.Unit 6 When disaster strikes(重点词汇)-2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(外研版2024)
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2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(外研版2024)
Unit 6 When disaster strikes重点词汇
必备知识清单
重点词汇释义
1. lost adj.丢失的,遗失的
【用法释义】
可作表语(说明主语状态)或定语(修饰名词),强调人或事物处于“找不到”的状态。
【常用搭配】
短语:lost and found(失物招领处)、be lost in thought(陷入沉思)
句型:① Sb./Sth. be lost.(某人/某物丢失了);② Sb. be lost in sth.(某人陷入某物中,如沉思、困境)
【用法示例】
1. My new notebook is lost.(我的新笔记本丢了。)
2. He was lost in the forest for two hours.(他在森林里迷路了两个小时。)
3. There is a lost dog waiting at the gate.(门口有一只走失的狗在等待。)
2. scared adj.害怕的,恐惧的
【用法释义】
常作表语,主语多为人,强调因危险、未知等产生的主观恐惧情绪,不修饰事物。
【常用搭配】
短语:be scared of sth.(害怕某物)、be scared to do sth.(害怕做某事)、be scared that...(害怕……,接从句)
句型:Sb. be scared of/to do/that...
【用法示例】
1. The little boy is scared of thunder.(这个小男孩害怕雷声。)
2. She is scared to walk alone at night.(她害怕晚上独自走路。)
3. They are scared that the rain will stop their trip.(他们害怕下雨会中断旅行。)
3. shut v.(使)关(合)上,(使)关闭
【用法释义】
及物动词(可直接接宾语,如门、窗)或不及物动词(表“关闭”的状态),过去式/过去分词均为shut。
【常用搭配】
短语:shut the door/window(关门/窗)、shut down(关闭机器/工厂)、shut off(切断水/电/气)
句型:① Sb. shut sth.(某人关上某物);② Sth. shut.(某物关上了,不及物)
【用法示例】
1. Please shut the window before you leave.(离开前请关上窗户。)
2. The old factory shut down last year.(这家旧工厂去年倒闭了。)
3. The door shut quietly after the wind blew.(风吹过后,门轻轻关上了。)
4. coach n.公共马车,四轮大马车
【用法释义】
可数名词,指旧时由马拉动的大型载人/运货车辆,区别于现代“长途汽车”(文档重点为“公共马车”含义)。
【常用搭配】
短语:a horse-drawn coach(马车)、take a coach(乘坐公共马车)
句型:ride in a coach(乘坐公共马车);a coach for sth.(用于……的公共马车)
【用法示例】
1. In the 19th century, people traveled by coach.(19世纪时,人们乘坐公共马车旅行。)
2. The queen arrived in a golden coach pulled by four horses.(女王乘坐一辆四匹马拉的金色马车抵达。)
3. We saw an old coach in the history museum yesterday.(昨天我们在历史博物馆看到了一辆古老的公共马车。)
5. shocking adj.惊人的,骇人的,令人难以置信的
【用法释义】
可作定语(修饰事物)或表语(主语为事物),强调事物因“出乎意料、性质恶劣”让人震惊。
【常用搭配】
短语:a shocking accident(骇人的事故)、shocking news(惊人的消息)
句型:① Sth. be shocking.(某事是惊人的);② It is shocking that...(……是令人震惊的)
【用法示例】
1. The shocking fire destroyed 20 houses.(这场骇人的大火烧毁了20栋房子。)
2. It is shocking that he lied to his parents.(他对父母撒谎,真是令人震惊。)
3. She told us a shocking story about the storm.(她给我们讲了一个关于暴风雨的惊人故事。)
6. straight adv.笔直地,成直线地
【用法释义】
修饰动词(表动作方式),也可作形容词(意为“直的”,如straight hair),文档重点为副词
【用法释义】。
【常用搭配】
短语:go straight(直走)、look straight ahead(直视前方)、fly straight(笔直飞)
句型:do sth. straight(笔直地做某事);go straight along...(沿着……直走)
【用法示例】
1. Go straight along this road, and you’ll find the park.(沿着这条路直走,你就能找到公园。)
2. The bird flew straight into the blue sky.(那只鸟笔直地飞向蓝天。)
3. He pointed straight at the map on the wall.(他笔直地指向墙上的地图。)
7. flood n.洪水,水灾
【用法释义】
可数名词,指大量雨水淹没土地造成的灾害,也可作动词(意为“淹没”,如flood the street)。
【常用搭配】
短语:a big flood(大洪水)、suffer from floods(遭受洪水灾害)、flood disaster(水灾)
句型:① be hit by a flood(遭受洪水袭击);② cause a flood(引发洪水)
【用法示例】
1. Many people lost their homes in the flood last year.(去年的洪水中,许多人失去了家园。)
2. Heavy rain for a week caused a serious flood in the village.(连续一周的大雨在村里引发了严重洪水。)
3. The city is often hit by floods in summer.(这座城市夏天经常遭受洪水袭击。)
8. thick adj.浓密的;混浊的
【用法释义】
作定语或表语,可形容“毛发、树叶”等“浓密”,也可形容“雾、汤”等“混浊、粘稠”。
【常用搭配】
短语:thick hair(浓密的头发)、thick fog(浓雾)、thick soup(浓汤)
句型:Sb./Sth. be thick.(某人/某物是浓密的/混浊的);a thick + 名词(……的事物)
【用法示例】
1. Her thick hair is always tied in a ponytail.(她浓密的头发总是扎成马尾。)
2. We couldn’t drive because of the thick fog.(因为浓雾,我们无法开车。)
3. The soup is too thick—can you add some water?(这汤太稠了,能加点水吗?)
9. smoke n.(燃烧产生的)烟
【用法释义】
不可数名词,指物质燃烧时产生的气体和颗粒,也可作动词(意为“吸烟、冒烟”,如smoke a cigarette)。
【常用搭配】
短语:heavy smoke(浓烟)、smoke from sth.(来自某物的烟)、breathe in smoke(吸入烟)
句型:① There is smoke from...(有来自……的烟);② be filled with smoke(充满烟)
【用法示例】
1. Smoke from the fire could be seen far away.(火灾产生的烟在远处都能看到。)
2. The room was filled with smoke after the candle fell.(蜡烛掉落后,房间里充满了烟。)
3. He coughed because he breathed in too much smoke.(他因为吸入太多烟而咳嗽。)
10. ash n.灰,灰烬
【用法释义】
不可数名词,指物质燃烧后剩下的粉末状残渣,也可指“骨灰”(需结合语境)。
【常用搭配】
短语:cigarette ash(烟灰)、ash from the fire(火后的灰烬)、sweep the ash(扫灰)
句型:① There is ash + 地点(某地有灰);② ash of sth.(某物的灰烬)
【用法示例】
1. She cleaned the ash from the fireplace this morning.(今天早上她清理了壁炉里的灰烬。)
2. There is a lot of ash on the table after the firework.(烟花燃放后,桌子上有很多灰。)
3. The ash of the old book was blown away by the wind.(旧书的灰烬被风吹走了。)
11. shower n.一大批,一阵(在空中洒落或出现的小而轻的东西)
【用法释义】
可数名词,指“雨、花瓣、子弹”等“一阵、一大批”,也可指“淋浴”(如take a shower),文档重点为前者。
【常用搭配】
短语:a shower of rain(一阵雨)、a shower of petals(一阵花瓣雨)、a shower of stones(一阵石头)
句型:a shower of + 名词(一阵……/一大批……);be caught in a shower of sth.(遭遇一阵……)
【用法示例】
1. A shower of rain fell on us when we walked home.(我们走路回家时,下了一阵雨。)
2. The children laughed at the shower of flower petals from the tree.(孩子们对着树上落下的一阵花瓣雨大笑。)
3. A shower of sand hit the car when it passed the desert.(汽车经过沙漠时,一阵沙子砸在了车上。)
12. erupt v.(火山)爆发,喷发
【用法释义】
不及物动词(不接宾语),主要指火山喷发,也可引申为“情绪、暴力爆发”(如erupt into anger)。
【常用搭配】
短语:volcano erupt(火山爆发)、erupt into sth.(突然爆发……,如erupt into cheers)
句型:① A volcano erupts.(火山爆发);② Sth. erupt into sth.(某物突然爆发成……)
【用法示例】
1. The volcano erupted last week, and many people moved away.(这座火山上周爆发了,很多人搬走了。)
2. Scientists said the volcano might erupt again soon.(科学家说这座火山可能很快再次爆发。)
3. The crowd erupted into cheers when the team won.(球队获胜时,人群突然爆发出欢呼声。)
13. volcano n.火山
【用法释义】
可数名词,指地球表面喷出岩浆、火山灰的锥形山,可分为active volcano(活火山)、dormant volcano(休眠火山)、extinct volcano(死火山)。
【常用搭配】
短语:active volcano(活火山)、volcano eruption(火山爆发)、dormant volcano(休眠火山)
句型:① climb a volcano(爬火山);② a volcano in + 地点(某地的火山)
【用法示例】
1. Mount Etna is an active volcano in Italy.(埃特纳火山是意大利的一座活火山。)
2. We learned about volcanoes in our geography class.(我们在地理课上学过火山的知识。)
3. This extinct volcano hasn’t erupted for 10,000 years.(这座死火山已经1万年没爆发了。)
14. historical adj.(有关)历史的
【用法释义】
作定语或表语,修饰“事件、人物、建筑”等,指“与历史相关的”,区别于historic(“具有历史意义的”,如historic moment)。
【常用搭配】
短语:historical events(历史事件)、historical figures(历史人物)、historical research(历史研究)
句型:① a historical + 名词(一个历史的……);② be historical(与历史相关的)
【用法示例】
1. We visited a historical castle in the old town.(我们在老城区参观了一座历史城堡。)
2. This book tells many interesting historical stories.(这本书讲述了许多有趣的历史故事。)
3. Her father does historical research on ancient Egypt.(她的父亲从事古埃及的历史研究。)
15. hurricane n.飓风
【用法释义】
可数名词,指发生在大西洋、东太平洋的强烈热带风暴(风力≥12级),区别于西北太平洋的“台风”(typhoon)。
【常用搭配】
短语:strong hurricane(强飓风)、hurricane warning(飓风预警)、be hit by a hurricane(遭受飓风袭击)
句型:① A hurricane hits + 地点(飓风袭击某地);② prepare for a hurricane(为飓风做准备)
【用法示例】
1. A strong hurricane hit the coast last weekend.(上周末一场强飓风袭击了海岸。)
2. People were told to stay home because of the hurricane.(因为飓风,人们被告知待在家里。)
3. The hurricane destroyed many houses near the sea.(飓风摧毁了海边的许多房屋。)
16. airline n.航空公司
【用法释义】
可数名词,指经营定期航班(客运/货运)的公司,常用搭配“airline ticket(机票)”“airline pilot(航空公司飞行员)”。
【常用搭配】
短语:major airline(主要航空公司)、international airline(国际航空公司)、airline service(航空服务)
句型:① work for an airline(在航空公司工作);② take an airline to + 地点(乘坐某航空公司航班去某地)
【用法示例】
1. My aunt works as a stewardess for a famous airline.(我姑姑在一家著名的航空公司当空姐。)
2. We bought tickets from this airline to visit Beijing.(我们从这家航空公司买了去北京的机票。)
3. This international airline has flights to 50 countries.(这家国际航空公司有飞往50个国家的航班。)
17. rainstorm n.暴风雨
【用法释义】
可数名词,指伴有强风的大雨(强度大于普通rain),常引发积水、树木倒塌等。
【常用搭配】
短语:heavy rainstorm(大暴风雨)、rainstorm warning(暴风雨预警)、during the rainstorm(在暴风雨期间)
句型:① A rainstorm comes/arrives.(暴风雨来了);② be caught in a rainstorm(遭遇暴风雨)
【用法示例】
1. We were caught in a heavy rainstorm on our way to school.(我们上学路上遭遇了一场大暴风雨。)
2. The rainstorm lasted for two hours and made the roads wet.(暴风雨持续了两个小时,把路面弄湿了。)
3. The school closed early because of the coming rainstorm.(因为即将到来的暴风雨,学校提前放学了。)
18. service n.服务
【用法释义】
不可数名词(表“服务”行为),也可作可数名词(表“公共服务设施”,如公交、水电)。
【常用搭配】
短语:good service(优质服务)、public service(公共服务)、service industry(服务业)
句型:① provide sb. with service(为某人提供服务);② the service of + 机构(某机构的服务)
【用法示例】
1. The restaurant is popular because of its good service.(这家餐厅因优质服务而受欢迎。)
2. Doctors provide excellent service to sick people.(医生为病人提供出色的服务。)
3. The public service in this city is very convenient.(这座城市的公共服务非常便利。)
19. motherland n.祖国
【用法释义】
可数名词(常用单数,加the),带有热爱、崇敬的感情色彩,指“出生或拥有国籍的国家”。
【常用搭配】
短语:love the motherland(热爱祖国)、devote to the motherland(为祖国奉献)、defend the motherland(保卫祖国)
句型:① fight for the motherland(为祖国而战);② return to the motherland(回到祖国)
【用法示例】
1. Every Chinese should love and protect the motherland.(每个中国人都应该热爱并保卫祖国。)
2. He returned to the motherland after studying abroad for 5 years.(他出国留学5年后回到了祖国。)
3. Many soldiers died to defend the motherland.(许多士兵为保卫祖国而牺牲。)
20. orchestra n.(大型的)管弦乐队
【用法释义】
可数名词,指由弦乐(如小提琴)、管乐(如长笛)、打击乐(如鼓)组成的大型乐队,常演奏古典音乐。
【常用搭配】
短语:symphony orchestra(交响乐团)、join an orchestra(加入管弦乐队)、play in an orchestra(在管弦乐队演奏)
句型:① an orchestra performs(管弦乐队演出);② listen to an orchestra(听管弦乐队演奏)
【用法示例】
1. We went to the concert to listen to the city orchestra.(我们去音乐会听了市管弦乐队的演奏。)
2. Her brother plays the cello in a famous symphony orchestra.(她的哥哥在一家著名的交响乐团拉大提琴。)
3. The orchestra will play Beethoven’s music this weekend.(这支管弦乐队本周末将演奏贝多芬的音乐。)
21. warning n.警告,警示
【用法释义】
可数名词(表“具体的警告通知/信号”),也可作不可数名词(表“警告”行为)。
【常用搭配】
短语:give a warning(发出警告)、safety warning(安全警示)、warning sign(警示标志)
句型:① issue a warning(发布警告);② ignore a warning(忽视警告)
【用法示例】
1. The teacher gave him a warning because he talked in class.(因为他上课说话,老师给了他一次警告。)
2. There is a safety warning on the medicine box.(药盒上有一个安全警示。)
3. They ignored the weather warning and went hiking.(他们忽视了天气预警,去徒步旅行了。)
22. community n.社区
【用法释义】
可数名词,指“生活在同一区域、有共同利益的人群及居住范围”,常用搭配“local community(当地社区)”“community center(社区活动中心)”。
【常用搭配】
短语:local community(当地社区)、community service(社区服务)、community activities(社区活动)
句型:① live in a community(住在社区里);② take part in community service(参加社区服务)
【用法示例】
1. Our family has lived in this community for 8 years.(我们家在这个社区住了8年了。)
2. The students help clean the park in community service.(学生们在社区服务中帮忙打扫公园。)
3. There is a new community center in our neighborhood.(我们小区里有一个新的社区活动中心。)
23. alarm n.警报器
【用法释义】
可数名词,指“发出声音/灯光信号的警报设备”,也可指“警报信号”(不可数,如sound the alarm)。
【常用搭配】
短语:fire alarm(火灾警报器)、smoke alarm(烟雾警报器)、sound the alarm(发出警报)
句型:① install an alarm(安装警报器);② the alarm goes off(警报器响了)
【用法示例】
1. We installed a smoke alarm in the kitchen.(我们在厨房安装了烟雾警报器。)
2. The fire alarm went off, and everyone ran out of the building.(火灾警报器响了,所有人都跑出了大楼。)
3. He heard the alarm and knew there was danger.(他听到警报声,知道有危险了。)
24. increase v.增加;增大;提高
【用法释义】
及物动词(直接接宾语,如数量、速度)或不及物动词(后接介词in,表“在某方面增加”),名词形式也为increase。
【常用搭配】
短语:increase the number(增加数量)、increase speed(提高速度)、increase in price(价格上涨)
句型:① increase sth.(增加某物);② sth. increase in sth.(某物在某方面增加)
【用法示例】
1. We need to increase the number of books in the library.(我们需要增加图书馆的藏书数量。)
2. The temperature will increase by 3 degrees tomorrow.(明天气温将升高3度。)
3. The number of students in this school has increased in recent years.(近年来,这所学校的学生人数增加了。)
25. coast n.海岸
【用法释义】
可数名词(常用单数,加the),指“海洋/大湖与陆地交界的狭长地带”,区别于shore(“岸边”,范围更小,如river shore)。
【常用搭配】
短语:east coast(东海岸)、along the coast(沿着海岸)、coastline(海岸线)
句型:① live on the coast(住在海岸边);② travel along the coast(沿着海岸旅行)
【用法示例】
1. There are many beaches along the south coast of China.(中国的南海岸有许多海滩。)
2. They plan to travel along the coast this summer.(他们计划今年夏天沿着海岸旅行。)
3. The small town is on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.(这个小镇位于大西洋沿岸。)
26. tsunami n.海啸
【用法释义】
可数名词,指由海底地震、火山爆发引发的巨大海浪,破坏力极强,常用搭配“tsunami warning(海啸预警)”。
【常用搭配】
短语:tsunami warning(海啸预警)、tsunami disaster(海啸灾害)、be hit by a tsunami(遭受海啸袭击)
句型:① A tsunami hits + 地点(海啸袭击某地);② predict a tsunami(预测海啸)
【用法示例】
1. A terrible tsunami hit Japan in 2011.(2011年一场可怕的海啸袭击了日本。)
2. Scientists use machines to predict tsunamis.(科学家用机器预测海啸。)
3. The tsunami destroyed many villages near the coast.(海啸摧毁了海岸附近的许多村庄。)
27. safety n.安全
【用法释义】
不可数名词,指“没有危险、不受伤害的状态”,反义词是danger(危险),常用搭配“safety first(安全第一)”。
【常用搭配】
短语:safety first(安全第一)、personal safety(人身安全)、safety measures(安全措施)
句型:① ensure safety(确保安全);② for safety(为了安全)
【用法示例】
1. Parents always care about their children’s personal safety.(父母总是关心孩子的人身安全。)
2. We must take safety measures before the experiment.(做实验前我们必须采取安全措施。)
3. He wears a helmet for safety when riding a bike.(骑自行车时,他为了安全戴头盔。)
28. net n.因特网
【用法释义】
不可数名词(常大写为Net,与the连用),等同于Internet,指“全球计算机网络”,口语中常用“surf the net(上网)”。
【常用搭配】
短语:surf the net(上网)、use the net(使用因特网)、search on the net(在网上搜索)
句型:① search for sth. on the net(在网上搜索某物);② chat with sb. on the net(在网上和某人聊天)
【用法示例】
1. She often surfs the net to find study materials.(她经常上网查找学习资料。)
2. We can chat with friends on the net even if we’re far apart.(即使相隔很远,我们也能在网上和朋友聊天。)
3. He found his old classmate by searching on the net.(他通过网上搜索找到了老同学。)
29. upcoming adj.即将来临的,即将发生的
【用法释义】
作定语(仅修饰名词),指“不久后会发生的事物”,如考试、会议、节日等,不作表语。
【常用搭配】
短语:upcoming exam(即将到来的考试)、upcoming meeting(即将召开的会议)、upcoming holiday(即将来临的假期)
句型:① the upcoming + 名词(即将来临的……);② prepare for the upcoming sth.(为即将来临的……做准备)
【用法示例】
1. We are busy preparing for the upcoming final exam.(我们正忙着为即将到来的期末考试做准备。)
2. There will be a party for the upcoming Christmas.(为即将来临的圣诞节,将会有一场派对。)
3. The teacher told us about the upcoming school trip.(老师告诉了我们即将到来的学校旅行。)
30. operate v.使用,操作
【用法释义】
及物动词(直接接宾语,如机器、电脑),也可作“做手术”讲(不及物,后接on,如operate on sb.)。
【常用搭配】
短语:operate a machine(操作机器)、operate a computer(使用电脑)、operate on sb.(给某人做手术)
句型:① operate sth.(操作/使用某物);② operate on sb.(给某人做手术)
【用法示例】
1. He learned to operate the new machine in three days.(他三天内学会了操作这台新机器。)
2. My grandma can’t operate a computer, so I help her.(我奶奶不会用电脑,所以我帮她。)
3. The doctor will operate on the patient tomorrow.(医生明天将给这位病人做手术。)
31. drawback n.缺点,毛病
【用法释义】
可数名词,指“事物的不足之处、缺陷”,反义词是advantage(优点),常用搭配“main drawback(主要缺点)”。
【常用搭配】
短语:main drawback(主要缺点)、have a drawback(有一个缺点)、overcome a drawback(克服缺点)
句型:① sth. has a drawback(某物有一个缺点);② the drawback of sth.(某物的缺点)
【用法示例】
1. This phone is good, but its main drawback is the short battery life.(这款手机很好,但主要缺点是电池续航短。)
2. One drawback of living in the countryside is the slow internet.(住在农村的一个缺点是网速慢。)
3. We need to find a way to overcome the drawback of this plan.(我们需要找到方法克服这个计划的缺点。)
32. life-saving adj.挽救生命的,保命的
【用法释义】
作定语(仅修饰名词),指“能拯救生命的事物”,如设备、药物、技能等,不可作表语。
【常用搭配】
短语:life-saving equipment(救生设备)、life-saving medicine(救命药)、life-saving skills(救生技能)
句型:a life-saving + 名词(一个救生的……);use life-saving sth.(使用救生的……)
【用法示例】
1. The firefighters carried life-saving equipment to rescue people.(消防员携带救生设备去救人。)
2. This life-saving medicine can help people in emergency.(这种救命药能在紧急情况下帮助人们。)
3. Everyone should learn basic life-saving skills like swimming.(每个人都应该学习游泳等基本救生技能。)
33. drone n.无人遥控飞机
【用法释义】
可数名词,指“由远程控制的无人驾驶飞行器”,可用于航拍、送货、侦察等,口语中简称“无人机”。
【常用搭配】
短语:military drone(军用无人机)、drone aerial photography(无人机航拍)、control a drone(操控无人机)
句型:① fly a drone(操控无人机飞行);② use a drone to do sth.(用无人机做某事)
【用法示例】
1. He bought a drone to take photos of mountains.(他买了一架无人机来拍山景。)
2. The farmer uses a drone to spray pesticide on crops.(这位农民用无人机给庄稼喷洒农药。)
3. We watched a video taken by a drone of the Great Wall.(我们看了一段无人机拍摄的长城视频。)
34. iron n.铁
【用法释义】
不可数名词(指金属元素,符号Fe),也可作可数名词(指“熨斗”,如electric iron),文档重点为前者。
【常用搭配】
短语:molten iron(铁水)、iron and steel(钢铁)、electric iron(电熨斗)
句型:① make sth. from iron(用铁制作某物);② use an iron to iron clothes(用熨斗熨衣服,第二个iron为动词)
【用法示例】
1. Many tools are made from iron because it’s strong.(许多工具用铁制作,因为铁很坚固。)
2. The worker poured molten iron into the mold.(工人把铁水倒进了模具里。)
3. My mom uses an electric iron to iron my clothes.(我妈妈用电熨斗熨我的衣服。)
35. fashion n.时尚
【用法释义】
不可数名词(指“服装、发型等的流行趋势”),也可作“方式”讲(如in a...fashion,“以……的方式”)。
【常用搭配】
短语:follow fashion(追随时尚)、in fashion(流行的)、out of fashion(过时的)、fashion industry(时尚产业)
句型:① be in fashion(正流行);② do sth. in a...fashion(以……的方式做某事)
【用法示例】
1. Young people like to follow fashion and wear trendy clothes.(年轻人喜欢追随时尚,穿时髦的衣服。)
2. This style of shoes is in fashion this year.(这种款式的鞋子今年很流行。)
3. She solved the problem in a smart fashion.(她以一种聪明的方式解决了这个问题。)
36. slim adj.苗条的,修长的
【用法释义】
作定语或表语,多形容“人的身材纤细”,也可形容“机会微小”(引申义,如slim chance),反义词是fat(胖的)。
【常用搭配】
短语:slim figure(苗条的身材)、slim girl(苗条的女孩)、slim chance(微小的机会)
句型:① Sb. be slim.(某人身材苗条);② a slim + 名词(一个苗条的……/微小的……)
【用法示例】
1. She keeps exercising to keep her slim figure.(她坚持锻炼以保持苗条的身材。)
2. The model has a tall and slim body.(这位模特有着高挑修长的身材。)
3. There is a slim chance that we’ll catch the early bus.(我们赶上早班车的机会很小。)
37. bleed v.流血,出血
【用法释义】
不及物动词(表“出血”状态),也可作及物动词(“使流血”,较少用),过去式/过去分词均为bled。
【常用搭配】
短语:bleed heavily(大量出血)、bleed from sth.(从……流血)、stop bleeding(止血)
句型:① Sb. bleed from + 部位(某人某个部位出血);② sth. makes sb. bleed(某物使某人出血)
【用法示例】
1. He cut his hand and it began to bleed.(他割破了手,开始流血。)
2. The patient was bleeding heavily when he arrived at the hospital.(病人到达医院时正在大量出血。)
3. We used a clean towel to stop the bleeding.(我们用干净的毛巾止血。)
38. uncomfortable adj.不舒服的
【用法释义】
作定语或表语,指“身体感觉不适”或“环境让人不自在”,由comfortable加否定前缀un-构成,反义词是comfortable。
【常用搭配】
短语:uncomfortable chair(不舒服的椅子)、feel uncomfortable(感到不舒服)、uncomfortable situation(不自在的局面)
句型:① Sb. feel uncomfortable(某人感到不舒服);② sth. be uncomfortable(某物不舒服)
【用法示例】
1. This bed is too soft, so I feel uncomfortable.(这张床太软了,我感觉不舒服。)
2. She felt uncomfortable because she didn’t know anyone at the party.(她因为在派对上不认识任何人而感到不自在。)
3. The cold weather made everyone feel uncomfortable.(寒冷的天气让每个人都感到不舒服。)
39. shadow n.坏影响,阴影
【用法释义】
可数名词,指“人或事物受到的不良影响”,也可指“影子”(本义,如the shadow of a tree),文档重点为前者。
【常用搭配】
短语:cast a shadow on sth.(给某物蒙上阴影)、under the shadow of sth.(在某物的阴影下)、shadow of fear(恐惧的阴影)
句型:① cast a shadow on sth.(给某物带来坏影响);② live under the shadow of sth.(生活在某物的坏影响下)
【用法示例】
1. The accident cast a shadow on his happy life.(这场事故给他幸福的生活蒙上了阴影。)
2. Many people live under the shadow of poverty in that country.(在那个国家,许多人生活在贫困的阴影下。)
3. The failure didn’t leave a shadow on her—she tried again.(这次失败没有给她带来坏影响,她又尝试了一次。)
40. herself pron.她自己
【用法释义】
反身代词,主语需为女性,可作宾语(强调动作作用于主语自身)、表语(说明主语身份或状态)或同位语(加强主语语气,强调“她本人”)。
【常用搭配】
短语:by herself(独自地)、hurt herself(伤到她自己)、teach herself(自学)、enjoy herself(玩得开心)
句型:① Sb. (female) do sth. by herself(女性独自做某事);② Sb. (female) + 动词 + herself(女性对自己做某事);③ Sb. (female) be + 表语 + herself(女性处于自身原本的状态)
【用法示例】
1. She finished the difficult math problem by herself.(她独自解出了这道难的数学题。)
2. The little girl hurt herself when she fell off the bike.(这个小女孩从自行车上摔下来时伤到了自己。)
3. After a long trip, she finally felt like herself again.(经过长途旅行后,她终于感觉恢复了常态。)
41. torch n.火把;火炬
【用法释义】
可数名词,“火把”指用于照明或取暖的手持燃烧装置,“火炬”常与庆典、象征意义相关(如奥运火炬),也可在英式英语中表示“手电筒”(文档重点为“火把;火炬”)。
【常用搭配】
短语:light a torch(点燃火把/火炬)、carry a torch(手持火把/火炬)、Olympic torch(奥运火炬)
句型:① use a torch to do sth.(用火把/火炬做某事);② hold a torch for sb./sth.(为某人/某物高举火炬,也可引申为“暗恋某人”)
【用法示例】
1. The villagers carried torches to walk through the dark forest.(村民们手持火把穿过漆黑的森林。)
2. He lit a torch to warm his hands on the cold night.(在寒冷的夜晚,他点燃火把暖手。)
3. The athlete ran with the Olympic torch in the opening ceremony.(运动员在开幕式上手持奥运火炬奔跑。)
42. university n.大学
【用法释义】
可数名词,指提供高等教育的机构,可缩写为“uni”(口语),搭配“attend a university”(上大学)、“graduate from a university”(大学毕业),注意“at university”中间不加冠词(表“在大学求学”状态)。
【常用搭配】
短语:attend university(上大学)、university student(大学生)、university campus(大学校园)、graduate from university(大学毕业)
句型:① study at a university(在一所大学学习);② go to university(去上大学);③ a university in + 地点(某地的一所大学)
【用法示例】
1. Her dream is to study medicine at a famous university.(她的梦想是在一所著名的大学学习医学。)
2. He will go to university next year after finishing high school.(高中毕业后,他明年就要去上大学了。)
3. There are many beautiful gardens on our university campus.(我们的大学校园里有许多漂亮的花园。)
43. courage n.勇气,胆量,勇敢
【用法释义】
不可数名词,指面对困难、危险时不害怕的精神品质,反义词是“fear”(恐惧),常用搭配“have the courage to do sth.”(有勇气做某事)。
【常用搭配】
短语:have courage(有勇气)、show courage(展现勇气)、lose courage(失去勇气)、courage to do sth.(做某事的勇气)
句型:① have the courage to do sth.(有勇气做某事);② It takes courage to do sth.(做某事需要勇气)
【用法示例】
1. She has the courage to speak in front of hundreds of people.(她有勇气在数百人面前发言。)
2. The soldier showed great courage in the battle.(这位士兵在战斗中展现出了非凡的勇气。)
3. It takes courage to admit your own mistakes.(承认自己的错误需要勇气。)
44. heroine n.女英雄
【用法释义】
可数名词,指在事件、故事中表现出勇敢、无私精神的女性,对应阳性名词“hero”(英雄,指男性或泛指),复数形式为“heroines”。
【常用搭配】
短语:national heroine(民族女英雄)、storybook heroine(故事书中的女英雄)、respect a heroine(尊重一位女英雄)
句型:① be regarded as a heroine(被视为一位女英雄);② the heroine of + 事件/故事(某事件/故事中的女英雄)
【用法示例】
1. She saved three children from the fire and was regarded as a national heroine.(她从火灾中救出了三个孩子,被视为民族女英雄。)
2. The heroine of this novel always helps people in trouble.(这本小说的女主人公总是帮助有困难的人。)
3. We learned about a brave heroine in our history class today.(今天我们在历史课上了解到一位勇敢的女英雄。)
45. victim n.(恶劣情况的)受害者;(疾病的)患者
【用法释义】
可数名词,可指遭受自然灾害、事故、犯罪等“恶劣情况”的受害者,也可指感染疾病的“患者”,常用搭配“victim of sth.”(某事的受害者/某物的患者)。
【常用搭配】
短语:victim of a flood(洪水受害者)、victim of a crime(犯罪受害者)、victim of a disease(疾病患者)、help the victims(帮助受害者)
句型:① be a victim of sth.(是某事的受害者/某物的患者);② help the victims of + 事件/疾病(帮助某事件的受害者/某疾病的患者)
【用法示例】
1. Many victims of the earthquake received food and water from volunteers.(许多地震受害者从志愿者那里得到了食物和水。)
2. He became a victim of the terrible flu last winter.(去年冬天,他患上了严重的流感。)
3. The organization is trying to provide shelter for the victims of the hurricane.(该组织正努力为飓风受害者提供住所。)
综合实战演练
一、单项选择
1. My new pen is ______. I can't find it anywhere.
A. lost B. found C. closed D. scared
2. The little girl felt ______ when she saw the dark room alone.
A. happy B. excited C. angry D. scared
3. Please ______ the window before you go out. It's going to rain.
A. open B. shut C. clean D. break
4. In the old days, people often traveled by ______ because there were no cars.
A. bike B. coach C. plane D. train
5. The news about the traffic accident is ______. We all feel sad for the victims.
A. boring B. shocking C. interesting D. relaxing
6. Go ______ along this street, and you will see the library on your left.
A. straight B. slowly C. quickly D. quietly
7. A heavy rain caused a ______ in the small town, and many people had to move to safe places.
A. flood B. fire C. earthquake D. snowstorm
8. The fog is so ______ that I can't see the building across the street.
A. thin B. thick C. clear D. light
9. There is a lot of ______ from the factory, which makes the air in the neighborhood dirty.
A. water B. smoke C. sound D. paper
10. After the big fire, the house was left with only ______. Nothing valuable was left.
A. ash B. wood C. stone D. glass
11. A ______ of postcards came to the office this morning. The secretary is busy sorting them.
A. shower B. cup C. box D. piece
12. That ______ hasn't erupted for hundreds of years, so people living nearby feel safe.
A. mountain B. volcano C. river D. forest
13. We visited a ______ building yesterday. It was built over 500 years ago during the Ming Dynasty.
A. modern B. historical C. new D. tall
14. A strong ______ hit the coastal city last week, blowing down many trees and breaking windows.
A. hurricane B. rain C. wind D. snow
15. Which ______ do you prefer to take when traveling to Shanghai? I like China Eastern Airlines.
A. airline B. train C. bus D. ship
16. We couldn't go out yesterday because of a heavy ______. The rain was so strong that it flooded the streets.
A. windstorm B. rainstorm C. snowstorm D. sandstorm
17. The ______ in this restaurant is very good. The waiters always smile and help customers patiently.
A. food B. price C. service D. environment
18. Everyone should love their ______ and work hard to make it stronger and more beautiful.
A. hometown B. motherland C. school D. family
19. The ______ will play a famous classical piece at the concert tonight. It has over 100 musicians.
A. band B. orchestra C. singer D. dancer
20. The teacher gave us a ______ about the upcoming exam. She told us to review all the Unit 6 words.
A. message B. note C. warning D. letter
21. People in this ______ often help each other. When someone is in trouble, neighbors will give a hand.
A. community B. school C. hospital D. company
22. The fire ______ went off as soon as there was a fire in the building. Everyone ran out quickly.
A. alarm B. bell C. phone D. light
23. The number of students in our school will ______ next year. We will build two new classrooms to hold them.
A. decrease B. increase C. stay D. drop
24. Many people like to walk along the ______ in the evening and enjoy the beautiful sea view.
A. coast B. river C. mountain D. street
25. A big ______ happened in that country last year, which destroyed many houses near the sea.
A. flood B. earthquake C. tsunami D. fire
26. The most important thing in an accident is to ensure your ______. Don't waste time taking your things.
A. safety B. money C. time D. health
27. You can use the ______ to search for information about volcanoes for your science homework.
A. book B. net C. pen D. paper
28. We are looking forward to the ______ sports meeting. It will be held in our school next month.
A. past B. upcoming C. last D. previous
29. Can you ______ this machine? I don't know how to turn it on and take photos.
A. operate B. buy C. sell D. repair
30. This new laptop is fast, but it has a ______ — it's too heavy to carry around.
A. advantage B. drawback C. feature D. benefit
31. The doctors used ______ equipment to save the patient who had a serious accident.
A. life-saving B. new C. old D. expensive
32. A ______ can take photos from the sky. It's very useful for checking the damage after a flood.
A. plane B. drone C. bird D. balloon
33. ______ is a kind of hard metal. It's often used to make pots, pans and nails.
A. Gold B. Silver C. Iron D. Copper
34. She likes to follow the latest ______. She always wears the most popular clothes this season.
A. fashion B. news C. sport D. music
35. The girl keeps running every morning, so she looks ______ and healthy.
A. fat B. slim C. short D. tall
36. If you cut your hand with a knife, it will ______. You need to clean it with water and put a bandage on it.
A. bleed B. hurt C. break D. burn
37. This chair is ______. I feel pain in my back after sitting on it for 10 minutes.
A. comfortable B. uncomfortable C. soft D. hard
38. The bad experience of being lost in the forest left a ______ on her. She still doesn't dare to go camping.
A. shadow B. mark C. sign D. symbol
39. She made the birthday cake all by ______. No one in her family helped her.
A. myself B. himself C. herself D. yourself
40. He used a ______ to light the way when he walked through the dark forest at night.
A. candle B. torch C. lamp D. light
试题解析:
1. 【选项含义】A. lost(adj. 丢失的,遗失的);B. found(adj. 找到的,发现的);C. closed(adj. 关闭的);D. scared(adj. 害怕的,恐惧的)。
【答题分析】题干提到“到处找不到新钢笔”,说明钢笔是“丢失的”,符合lost的含义;found(找到的)与“找不到”矛盾,closed(关闭的)、scared(害怕的)与“钢笔”搭配不符,故选A。
2. 【选项含义】A. happy(adj. 开心的);B. scared(adj. 害怕的,恐惧的);C. angry(adj. 生气的);D. excited(adj. 兴奋的)。
【答题分析】题干中“小女孩独自看到黑暗的房间”,结合常识,此时情绪应是“害怕的”,符合scared的含义;happy(开心的)、excited(兴奋的)与“黑暗房间”语境不符,angry(生气的)无语境支撑,故选B。
3. 【选项含义】A. open(v. 打开);B. shut(v. (使)关闭);C. clean(v. 打扫);D. break(v. 打破)。
【答题分析】题干提到“要下雨了”,所以外出前应“关窗户”,符合shut的含义;open(打开)与“防雨”需求相反,clean(打扫)、break(打破)无语境支撑,故选B。
4. 【选项含义】A. bike(n. 自行车);B. coach(n. 公共马车,四轮大马车);C. plane(n. 飞机);D. train(n. 火车)。
【答题分析】题干限定“过去没有汽车的时候”,coach(公共马车)是旧时交通工具,符合语境;bike(自行车)、plane(飞机)、train(火车)均是近代或现代交通工具,与“old days”不符,故选B。
5. 【选项含义】A. boring(adj. 无聊的);B. shocking(adj. 惊人的,骇人的);C. interesting(adj. 有趣的);D. relaxing(adj. 令人放松的)。
【答题分析】题干提到“交通事故新闻”和“为受害者难过”,说明新闻是“骇人的”,符合shocking的含义;boring(无聊的)、interesting(有趣的)、relaxing(令人放松的)均与“事故、难过”的语境矛盾,故选B。
6. 【选项含义】A. straight(adv. 笔直地);B. slowly(adv. 慢慢地);C. quickly(adv. 快速地);D. quietly(adv. 安静地)。
【答题分析】题干是“指路场景”,“沿着街道笔直走”才能找到图书馆,符合straight的含义;slowly(慢慢地)、quickly(快速地)描述速度,quietly(安静地)描述声音,均与“指路方向”无关,故选A。
7. 【选项含义】A. flood(n. 洪水,水灾);B. fire(n. 火,火灾);C. earthquake(n. 地震);D. snowstorm(n. 暴风雪)。
【答题分析】题干提到“大雨导致”和“人们搬去安全地方”,大雨会引发“洪水”,符合flood的含义;fire(火灾)与“大雨”无关,earthquake(地震)由地质运动引起,snowstorm(暴风雪)由降雪引起,均不符合“大雨”语境,故选A。
8. 【选项含义】A. thin(adj. 薄的,淡的);B. thick(adj. 浓密的;混浊的);C. clear(adj. 清晰的);D. light(adj. 轻的;淡的)。
【答题分析】题干提到“看不到街对面的建筑”,说明雾很“浓密”,符合thick的含义;thin(薄的)、clear(清晰的)会让人看清建筑,与语境矛盾,light(轻的)不能描述雾的浓度,故选B。
9. 【选项含义】A. water(n. 水);B. smoke(n. (燃烧产生的)烟);C. sound(n. 声音);D. paper(n. 纸)。
【答题分析】题干提到“使空气变脏”,工厂排放的“烟”会污染空气,符合smoke的含义;water(水)、paper(纸)不会直接污染空气,sound(声音)是噪音污染,与“空气脏”无关,故选B。
10. 【选项含义】A. ash(n. 灰,灰烬);B. wood(n. 木头);C. stone(n. 石头);D. glass(n. 玻璃)。
【答题分析】题干提到“大火之后”,房子燃烧后会留下“灰烬”,符合ash的含义;wood(木头)、stone(石头)、glass(玻璃)在大火中可能部分残留,但不会是“仅剩下”的东西,与“nothing was left undamaged”矛盾,故选A。
11. 【选项含义】A. shower(n. 一大批,一阵);B. cup(n. 杯子);C. box(n. 盒子);D. piece(n. 片,块)。
【答题分析】题干提到“秘书忙着整理”,说明信件数量多,a shower of表示“一大批”,符合shower的含义;a cup of(一杯)、a box of(一盒)、a piece of(一片)均无法体现“数量多”,与“忙着整理”语境不符,故选A。
12. 【选项含义】A. mountain(n. 山);B. volcano(n. 火山);C. river(n. 河);D. forest(n. 森林)。
【答题分析】题干关键信息是“erupt(爆发)”,只有“火山”会爆发,符合volcano的含义;mountain(山)、river(河)、forest(森林)均不会“爆发”,故选B。
13. 【选项含义】A. modern(adj. 现代的);B. historical(adj. (有关)历史的);C. new(adj. 新的);D. tall(adj. 高的)。
【答题分析】题干提到“500多年前明朝建造的建筑”,说明是“历史建筑”,符合historical的含义;modern(现代的)、new(新的)与“500多年前”矛盾,tall(高的)未体现“历史属性”,故选B。
14. 【选项含义】A. hurricane(n. 飓风);B. rain(n. 雨);C. wind(n. 风);D. snow(n. 雪)。
【答题分析】题干提到“摧毁树木、打破窗户”,说明是强风灾害,hurricane(飓风)是强风暴,破坏力强,符合语境;rain(雨)、snow(雪)无“摧毁树木”的破坏力,wind(风)泛指风,未体现“强到造成破坏”的程度,故选A。
15. 【选项含义】A. airline(n. 航空公司);B. train(n. 火车);C. bus(n. 公共汽车);D. ship(n. 船)。
【答题分析】题干答语是“Air China(中国国航)”,属于“航空公司”,故问句询问的是“航空公司”,符合airline的含义;train(火车)、bus(公共汽车)、ship(船)均与“Air China”无关,故选A。
16. 【选项含义】A. windstorm(n. 暴风雨,旋风);B. rainstorm(n. 暴风雨);C. snowstorm(n. 暴风雪);D. sandstorm(n. 沙尘暴)。
【答题分析】题干提到“雨太大淹没街道”,说明是“暴雨引发的暴风雨”,符合rainstorm的含义;windstorm(旋风)以风为主,snowstorm(暴风雪)以雪为主,sandstorm(沙尘暴)以沙尘为主,均与“大雨淹没街道”不符,故选B。
17. 【选项含义】A. food(n. 食物);B. price(n. 价格);C. service(n. 服务);D. environment(n. 环境)。
【答题分析】题干提到“服务员友好、乐于助人”,这是对“服务”的描述,符合service的含义;food(食物)、price(价格)、environment(环境)均与“服务员的态度”无关,故选C。
18. 【选项含义】A. hometown(n. 家乡);B. motherland(n. 祖国);C. school(n. 学校);D. family(n. 家庭)。
【答题分析】题干提到“为其发展努力”,“祖国”的发展是更宏观的目标,符合motherland的含义;hometown(家乡)、school(学校)、family(家庭)范围较小,与“发展”的宏观语境不符,故选B。
19. 【选项含义】A. band(n. 乐队,通常人数较少);B. orchestra(n. (大型的)管弦乐队);C. singer(n. 歌手);D. dancer(n. 舞者)。
【答题分析】题干提到“100多名乐手”和“演奏古典乐曲”,只有“大型管弦乐队”符合规模,符合orchestra的含义;band(乐队)人数少,singer(歌手)、dancer(舞者)不“演奏乐曲”,故选B。
20. 【选项含义】A. message(n. 消息);B. note(n. 便条);C. warning(n. 警告,警示);D. letter(n. 信)。
【答题分析】题干提到“提醒复习Unit 6单词”,这是对考试的“警示(提醒准备)”,符合warning的含义;message(消息)、note(便条)、letter(信)均无“提醒备考”的警示含义,故选C。
21. 【选项含义】A. community(n. 社区);B. school(n. 学校);C. hospital(n. 医院);D. company(n. 公司)。
【答题分析】题干提到“邻居互相帮助”,“社区”是邻居居住的区域,符合community的含义;school(学校)以师生为主,hospital(医院)以医患为主,company(公司)以同事为主,均与“邻居”无关,故选A。
22. 【选项含义】A. alarm(n. 警报器);B. bell(n. 铃);C. phone(n. 电话);D. light(n. 灯)。
【答题分析】题干提到“着火时响起”且能提示人们逃跑,“火灾警报器”符合功能,即alarm的含义;bell(铃)无“火灾警示”专属功能,phone(电话)、light(灯)无法“响起”提示火灾,故选A。
23. 【选项含义】A. decrease(v. 减少);B. increase(v. 增加;增大);C. stay(v. 保持);D. drop(v. 下降)。
【答题分析】题干提到“建两座新教室”,说明学生数量会“增加”,符合increase的含义;decrease(减少)、drop(下降)与“建新教室”矛盾,stay(保持)无需额外建教室,故选B。
24. 【选项含义】A. coast(n. 海岸);B. river(n. 河);C. mountain(n. 山);D. street(n. 街道)。
【答题分析】题干提到“欣赏海景”,只有“海岸”边能看到海景,符合coast的含义;river(河边)看河景,mountain(山上)看山景,street(街道)无自然景观属性,故选A。
25. 【选项含义】A. flood(n. 洪水);B. earthquake(n. 地震);C. tsunami(n. 海啸);D. fire(n. 火灾)。
【答题分析】题干提到“破坏海边房屋”,“海啸”是海底地震引发的海水灾害,会摧毁海边建筑,符合tsunami的含义;flood(洪水)可发生在陆地,earthquake(地震)对海边的针对性破坏弱于海啸,fire(火灾)与“海边”无必然联系,故选C。
26. 【选项含义】A. safety(n. 安全);B. money(n. 钱);C. time(n. 时间);D. health(n. 健康)。
【答题分析】题干是“事故场景”,事故中最优先的是“安全”,符合safety的含义;money(钱)、time(时间)、health(健康)均不如“安全”在事故中关键,故选A。
27. 【选项含义】A. book(n. 书);B. net(n. 因特网);C. pen(n. 笔);D. paper(n. 纸)。
【答题分析】题干提到“搜索火山信息”,“因特网”是搜索信息的工具,符合net的含义;book(书)搜索信息效率低且范围有限,pen(笔)、paper(纸)是记录工具,无法“搜索”,故选B。
28. 【选项含义】A. past(adj. 过去的);B. upcoming(adj. 即将来临的,即将发生的);C. last(adj. 最后的;上一个的);D. previous(adj. 先前的)。
【答题分析】题干提到“下个月举办”,说明运动会是“即将来临的”,符合upcoming的含义;past(过去的)、last(上一个的)、previous(先前的)均表示“已经发生的”,与“下个月”矛盾,故选B。
29. 【选项含义】A. operate(v. 使用,操作);B. buy(v. 买);C. sell(v. 卖);D. repair(v. 修理)。
【答题分析】题干提到“不知道怎么开机拍照”,说明是询问“能否操作机器”,符合operate的含义;buy(买)、sell(卖)与“使用方法”无关,repair(修理)针对机器故障,题干无故障提示,故选A。
30. 【选项含义】A. advantage(n. 优点);B. drawback(n. 缺点,毛病);C. feature(n. 特征);D. benefit(n. 好处)。
【答题分析】题干前半句说“笔记本电脑快(优点)”,后半句“太重不好携带”是“缺点”,符合drawback的含义;advantage(优点)、benefit(好处)与“太重”的负面描述矛盾,feature(特征)无“优缺点”的感情倾向,故选B。
31. 【选项含义】A. life-saving(adj. 挽救生命的,保命的);B. new(adj. 新的);C. old(adj. 旧的);D. expensive(adj. 昂贵的)。
【答题分析】题干提到“拯救重伤患者”,说明设备是“挽救生命的”,符合life-saving的含义;new(新的)、old(旧的)描述新旧,expensive(昂贵的)描述价格,均与“拯救生命”的核心功能无关,故选A。
32. 【选项含义】A. plane(n. 飞机);B. drone(n. 无人遥控飞机);C. bird(n. 鸟);D. balloon(n. 气球)。
【答题分析】题干提到“从空中拍照”且用于“洪水后查灾情”,“无人遥控飞机(无人机)”具备此功能,符合drone的含义;plane(飞机)载人且成本高,bird(鸟)无法控制拍照,balloon(气球)稳定性差且难控制,故选B。
33. 【选项含义】A. Gold(n. 金);B. Silver(n. 银);C. Iron(n. 铁);D. Copper(n. 铜)。
【答题分析】题干提到“硬金属”“做锅碗瓢盆”,“铁”是常见且硬度适合的金属,符合iron的含义;Gold(金)、Silver(银)价格高,不常用于做普通厨具,Copper(铜)硬度较低,不如铁适合,故选C。
34. 【选项含义】A. fashion(n. 时尚);B. news(n. 新闻);C. sport(n. 运动);D. music(n. 音乐)。
【答题分析】题干提到“穿当季最流行的衣服”,说明是追随“时尚”,符合fashion的含义;news(新闻)、sport(运动)、music(音乐)均与“穿衣流行”无关,故选A。
35. 【选项含义】A. fat(adj. 胖的);B. slim(adj. 苗条的,修长的);C. short(adj. 矮的);D. tall(adj. 高的)。
【答题分析】题干提到“每天跑步”,运动通常会让人变“苗条”,符合slim的含义;fat(胖的)与“运动”的效果相反,short(矮的)、tall(高的)是身高特征,与“跑步”无关,故选B。
36. 【选项含义】A. bleed(v. 流血,出血);B. hurt(v. 疼痛);C. break(v. 打破;骨折);D. burn(v. 燃烧;烫伤)。
【答题分析】题干提到“刀割到手”,伤口会“流血”,符合bleed的含义;hurt(疼痛)是主观感受,题干强调“伤口的反应”,break(骨折)、burn(烫伤)与“刀割”无关,故选A。
37. 【选项含义】A. comfortable(adj. 舒服的);B. uncomfortable(adj. 不舒服的);C. soft(adj. 软的);D. hard(adj. 硬的)。
【答题分析】题干提到“坐10分钟背痛”,说明椅子“不舒服”,符合uncomfortable的含义;comfortable(舒服的)与“背痛”矛盾,soft(软的)、hard(硬的)仅描述材质,不一定导致“背痛”,且未体现“不舒服”的整体感受,故选B。
38. 【选项含义】A. shadow(n. 坏影响,阴影);B. mark(n. 记号;痕迹);C. sign(n. 标志;迹象);D. symbol(n. 象征)。
【答题分析】题干提到“森林迷路的糟糕经历让她不敢露营”,说明经历留下了“坏影响”,符合shadow的含义;mark(记号)、sign(迹象)、symbol(象征)均无“心理上的坏影响”含义,故选A。
39. 【选项含义】A. myself(pron. 我自己);B. himself(pron. 他自己);C. herself(pron. 她自己);D. yourself(pron. 你自己)。
【答题分析】题干主语是“she(她)”,反身代词需与主语一致,“by herself”表示“靠她自己”,符合herself的用法;myself(我自己)、himself(他自己)、yourself(你自己)均与主语“she”不一致,故选C。
40. 【选项含义】A. candle(n. 蜡烛);B. torch(n. 火把;火炬);C. lamp(n. 灯,通常需通电);D. light(n. 光;灯)。
【答题分析】题干是“黑暗森林中照明”,“火把”便携且适合户外无电环境,符合torch的含义;candle(蜡烛)亮度低且易被风吹灭,lamp(灯)通常需通电,不适合森林环境,light(光)是抽象概念,无法“使用”照明,故选B。
二、用锁哥单词的适当形式填空
1. My new umbrella is ______ (lose), and I can't find it anywhere.
2. The little girl felt ______ (scare) when she heard the loud thunder at night.
3. Please ______ (shut) the window before you leave the classroom to keep the rain out.
4. In the old days, people usually traveled by ______ (coach) to distant towns.
5. It was ______ (shocking) to hear that the small village was completely destroyed by the earthquake.
6. Go ______ (straight) along this street, and you will see the library on your left.
7. A terrible ______ (flood) hit the area last summer, leaving many people homeless.
8. The fog was so ______ (thick) that drivers could hardly see the road ahead.
9. There is a lot of ______ (smoke) coming out of the factory chimney, which pollutes the air.
10. After the fire, only piles of ______ (ash) were left in the old house.
11. A ______ (shower) of petals fell from the tree when the wind blew gently.
12. The volcano in that island ______ (erupt) last year, causing great damage to the nearby villages.
13. This is an active ______ (volcano) that may erupt again at any time.
14. We learned many ______ (historical) events about our country in the history class yesterday.
15. A strong ______ (hurricane) is expected to reach the coastal city next week.
16. Which ______ (airline) do you prefer to take when you travel to Beijing?
17. We had to stay at home because of the heavy ______ (rainstorm) outside.
18. The ______ (service) in this restaurant is very good, so many people like to eat here.
19. Everyone should love and devote themselves to their ______ (motherland).
20. The ______ (orchestra) will give a wonderful concert in the city hall next month.
21. The teacher gave us a ______ (warn) about the danger of swimming in the deep river.
22. People in this ______ (community) often help each other when they are in trouble.
23. The fire ______ (alarm) went off suddenly, and everyone rushed out of the building quickly.
24. The number of students in our school ______ (increase) by 20% this year compared with last year.
25. Many tourists like to walk along the ______ (coast) and enjoy the beautiful sea views.
26. The ______ (tsunami) caused by the earthquake killed thousands of people in the coastal areas.
27. Parents always care about their children's ______ (safe) when they go out alone.
28. You can get a lot of useful information through the ______ (net) if you use it properly.
29. We are all looking forward to the ______ (come) school sports meeting.
30. He is learning how to ______ (operation) the new machine in the factory.
答案与解析:
1. lost。
【解析】此处需要形容词作表语,“lose”是动词,其形容词形式为“lost”,表示“丢失的”,符合“雨伞丢失”的语境。
2. scared。
【解析】“feel”是系动词,后接形容词作表语,“scare”的形容词形式“scared”用于修饰人,意为“害怕的”,符合“小女孩害怕雷声”的语境(“scaring”修饰物,此处不适用)。
3. shut。
【解析】本句是祈使句,祈使句以动词原形开头,“shut”的原形即为“shut”,表示“关闭”,符合“离开前关窗”的指令语境。
4. coach。
【解析】“by+交通工具”表示出行方式,“coach”此处为名词,意为“公共马车”,是可数名词,此处用单数形式即可,符合“乘公共马车旅行”的语境。
5. shocking。
【解析】“it was+形容词+to do sth”是固定句型,“shocking”是形容词,意为“惊人的、骇人的”,用于修饰事物,符合“听到村庄被地震摧毁很骇人”的语境。
6. straight。
【解析】此处需要副词修饰动词“Go”,“straight”本身既可作形容词也可作副词,副词含义为“笔直地”,符合“沿着街道笔直走”的语境。
7. flood。
【解析】“a terrible”后接可数名词单数,“flood”是名词,意为“洪水”,符合“洪水袭击地区”的语境。
8. thick。
【解析】“so+形容词+that...”是固定句型,“thick”是形容词,意为“浓密的、混浊的”,此处形容雾很浓,符合语境。
9. smoke。
【解析】“a lot of”后接不可数名词或可数名词复数,“smoke”是不可数名词,意为“烟”,符合“工厂烟囱冒烟”的语境。
10. ash。
【解析】“ash”表示“灰、灰烬”时,通常为不可数名词,“piles of ash”表示“几堆灰烬”,符合“火灾后留下灰烬”的语境。
11. shower。
【解析】“a shower of...”是固定搭配,意为“一阵……”,“shower”此处为名词,符合“风吹落一阵花瓣”的语境。
12. erupted。
【解析】根据“last year”可知句子时态为一般过去时,“erupt”的过去式是“erupted”,意为“(火山)爆发”,符合“火山去年爆发”的语境。
13. volcano。
【解析】“an active”后接可数名词单数,“volcano”是名词,意为“火山”,符合“活火山可能再次爆发”的语境。
14. historical。
【解析】此处需要形容词修饰名词“events”,“historical”是形容词,意为“(有关)历史的”,“historical events”表示“历史事件”,符合语境。
15. hurricane。
【解析】“a strong”后接可数名词单数,“hurricane”是名词,意为“飓风”,符合“飓风即将抵达沿海城市”的语境。
16. airline。
【解析】“which”后接可数名词单数(此处表示“某一家航空公司”),“airline”是名词,意为“航空公司”,符合“选择去北京的航空公司”的语境。
17. rainstorm。
【解析】“the heavy”后接名词,“rainstorm”是名词,意为“暴风雨”,“heavy rainstorm”表示“大暴风雨”,符合语境。
18. service。
【解析】“the”后接名词,“service”是不可数名词(表示“服务”时),意为“服务”,符合“餐厅服务好”的语境。
19. motherland。
【解析】“their”后接名词,“motherland”是可数名词单数(通常用单数形式表示“祖国”),意为“祖国”,符合“热爱祖国”的语境。
20. orchestra。
【解析】“the”后接名词,“orchestra”是可数名词单数,意为“(大型的)管弦乐队”,符合“管弦乐队将举办音乐会”的语境。
21. warning。
【解析】“a”后接可数名词单数,“warn”是动词,其名词形式为“warning”,意为“警告、警示”,“give a warning”表示“发出警告”,符合语境。
22. community。
【解析】“this”后接可数名词单数,“community”是名词,意为“社区”,符合“社区里的人互相帮助”的语境。
23. alarm。
【解析】“the fire alarm”是固定搭配,意为“火灾警报器”,“alarm”是名词,符合“火灾警报器响起”的语境。
24. increases。
【解析】句子主语“the number of...”(……的数量)是单数概念,且根据“this year”可知时态为一般现在时,“increase”的第三人称单数形式是“increases”,符合“学生数量增加”的语境。
25. coast。
【解析】“the”后接名词,“coast”是名词,意为“海岸”,“along the coast”表示“沿着海岸”,符合语境。
26. tsunami。
【解析】“the”后接名词,“tsunami”是名词,意为“海啸”,符合“地震引发的海啸造成伤亡”的语境。
27. safety。
【解析】“children's”后接名词,“safe”是形容词,其名词形式为“safety”,意为“安全”,“children's safety”表示“孩子们的安全”,符合语境。
28. net。
【解析】“the”后接名词,“net”此处表示“因特网”,是不可数名词(日常用法中),“through the net”表示“通过因特网”,符合语境。
29. upcoming。
【解析】此处需要形容词修饰名词“school sports meeting”,“come”的形容词形式“upcoming”意为“即将来临的、即将发生的”,符合“期待即将到来的运动会”的语境。
30. operate。
【解析】“how to do sth”是固定结构,“operation”是名词,其动词形式为“operate”,意为“使用、操作”,符合“学习操作新机器”的语境。
三、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 当洪水来临时,很多人因为害怕而四处奔跑,一些志愿者则勇敢地帮助寻找丢失的孩子。
When the ______ came, many people ran around because they were ______, and some volunteers bravely helped look for the ______ children.
2. 在那片浓密的森林里,如果你迷失方向,一定要保持冷静,用手机的因特网联系外界。
In that ______ forest, if you get lost, you must stay calm and use your phone's ______ to contact the outside world.
3. 火山爆发后,空中满是灰烬和烟雾,政府发出了警告,让附近社区的人们尽快撤离到安全的地方。
After the ______ erupted, the air was filled with ______ and ______, and the government issued a ______ telling people in nearby ______ to evacuate to a place of ______ as soon as possible.
4. 这场惊人的暴风雨导致城市内涝,很多车辆无法笔直地行驶,航空公司也不得不取消了即将来临的航班。
This ______ ______ caused waterlogging in the city, many vehicles couldn't drive ______, and the ______ had to cancel the ______ flights.
5. 她为了保持苗条的身材,每天坚持锻炼,但昨天运动时不小心受伤流血了,现在感觉很不舒服。
To keep a ______ figure, she keeps exercising every day, but she accidentally got hurt and ______ yesterday while exercising, and now she feels very ______.
6. 在历史博物馆里,我们看到了古代的四轮大马车,讲解员还介绍了它在当时社会服务中的重要作用。
In the ______ museum, we saw the ancient ______, and the guide also introduced its important role in social ______ at that time.
7. 飓风来临前,海岸边的居民收到了警报,大家迅速关闭门窗,将重要物品转移到高处。
Before the ______ came, the residents along the ______ received the ______, and everyone quickly ______ the doors and windows and moved important items to high places.
8. 这个新研发的救生无人机操作简单,虽然有一些缺点,但在救援被困人员时发挥了很大作用。
This newly developed life-saving ______ is easy to ______, and although it has some ______, it plays a great role in rescuing trapped people.
9. 她凭借自己的勇气,在火灾现场救出了三名受害者,被人们尊称为女英雄,她的事迹也没有给她的生活留下坏影响。
With her own ______, she rescued three ______ at the fire scene and was respected as a ______, and her story didn't leave a bad ______ on her life.
10. 大学的管弦乐队将在下周举办一场音乐会,为祖国的生日献礼,现在他们正在紧张地排练。
The university's ______ will hold a concert next week to celebrate the motherland's birthday, and now they are rehearsing nervously.
11. 随着温度的升高,冰川融化速度加快,这导致海平面上升,对沿海城市的安全构成了威胁。
With the ______ in temperature, the speed of glacier melting accelerates, which leads to the rise of sea level and threatens the ______ of coastal cities.
12. 他在黑暗中举着火把,带领大家穿过狭窄的山洞,最终成功到达了安全地带。
He held a ______ in the dark and led everyone through the narrow cave, and finally successfully reached the safe area.
13. 这场突如其来的海啸摧毁了沿海的许多房屋,志愿者们纷纷前往灾区,为受害者提供食品和医疗服务。
This sudden ______ destroyed many houses along the coast, and volunteers went to the disaster area one after another to provide food and medical ______ for the ______.
14. 为了提高学生的安全意识,学校邀请专家举办讲座,讲解如何应对即将来临的自然灾害。
To ______ students' safety awareness, the school invited experts to hold lectures on how to deal with ______ natural disasters.
15. 她在镜子前整理衣服时,发现自己的影子投射在墙上,突然想起今天要去参加一场时尚发布会。
When she was tidying up her clothes in front of the mirror, she found her ______ cast on the wall, and suddenly remembered that she had to attend a ______ show today.
16. 那辆旧火车的铁门很难关上,乘务员费了很大力气才把它关好,确保乘客在行驶过程中的安全。
The iron door of that old train was hard to ______, and the conductor spent a lot of effort to close it well to ensure the passengers' ______ during the journey.
17. 火山喷发时,一阵火山灰像阵雨一样落下,覆盖了周围的田野,农民们不得不重新规划种植计划。
When the volcano erupted, a ______ of volcanic ash fell like rain, covering the surrounding fields, and farmers had to rearrange their planting plans.
18. 这个社区的服务中心为老年人提供免费体检,还组织各种文化活动,大大提高了居民的生活幸福感。
The service center of this ______ provides free physical examinations for the elderly and also organizes various cultural activities, which greatly ______ the residents' sense of happiness in life.
19. 她在一次事故中失去了部分记忆,但凭借自己的努力和家人的支持,逐渐走出了过去的阴影,重新拥抱生活。
She lost part of her memory in an accident, but with her own efforts and the support of her family, she gradually got rid of the ______ of the past and embraced life again.
20. 在寒冷的冬天,人们通常会用铁制成的炉子取暖,但使用时一定要注意通风,避免因烟雾中毒。
In cold winter, people usually use stoves made of ______ to keep warm, but when using them, they must pay attention to ventilation to avoid poisoning from ______.
21. 航空公司为乘客提供了优质的服务,从办理登机手续到机舱内的餐饮,都让乘客感到很满意。
The ______ provides high-quality ______ for passengers, from checking in to in-flight meals, which makes passengers very satisfied.
22. 这场洪水冲毁了通往村庄的桥梁,救援人员只能通过无人遥控飞机向村民运送食品和药品。
This ______ destroyed the bridge leading to the village, and rescuers could only deliver food and medicine to the villagers by ______.
23. 她虽然身材苗条,但身体很健康,每天都会早起跑步,还积极参加学校管弦乐队的训练。
Although she has a ______ figure, she is very healthy. She gets up early to run every day and also actively participates in the training of the school ______.
24. 历史老师在课堂上展示了一组关于古代战争的图片,这些图片让我们对过去的历史事件有了更直观的认识。
The ______ teacher showed a set of pictures about ancient wars in class, which gave us a more intuitive understanding of past historical events.
25. 当警报响起时,大家不要惊慌,按照指示有序撤离,确保自己和他人的安全。
When the ______ goes off, don't panic. Evacuate in order according to the instructions to ensure your own and others' ______.
26. 他不小心被铁器划伤了手,开始流血,旁边的同学立即拿出纸巾帮他止血,并送他去了医务室。
He accidentally cut his hand with an ______ object and started to ______. The classmate next to him immediately took out a tissue to help him stop the bleeding and sent him to the infirmary.
27. 即将来临的校庆活动中,学校管弦乐队将演奏多首经典曲目,以此表达对祖国和学校的热爱。
In the ______ school anniversary event, the school ______ will play many classic pieces to express their love for the ______ and the school.
28. 这片浓密的树林里有很多野生动物,为了安全起见,游客不要独自进入,最好在导游的带领下参观。
There are many wild animals in this ______ forest. For the sake of ______, tourists should not enter alone and had better visit under the guidance of a guide.
29. 这个新开发的软件虽然有一些缺点,但它的操作很简单,能帮助用户快速连接因特网,提高工作效率。
Although this newly developed software has some ______, it is easy to ______ and can help users connect to the ______ quickly to improve work efficiency.
30. 在那次惊人的地震后,很多受害者失去了家园,女英雄们用自己的勇气和行动,为灾区人们带来了希望和温暖。
After that ______ earthquake, many ______ lost their homes, and ______ brought hope and warmth to the people in the disaster area with their own ______ and actions.
答案与解析:
1. flood;scared;lost
【解析】“洪水”对应的英文单词是“flood”,此处用单数形式;“害怕的”是“scared”,用于描述人的感受;“丢失的”为“lost”,修饰名词“children”。
2. thick;net
【解析】“浓密的”修饰森林,用“thick”;“因特网”常用“net”表示,符合句子中“手机的因特网”这一语境。
3. volcano;ash;smoke;warning;community;safety
【解析】“火山”是“volcano”,句中特指爆发的那座火山,用单数;“灰烬”为“ash”,“烟雾”是“smoke”,二者均为不可数名词;“警告”是“warning”,此处指政府发出的特定警告,用单数;“社区”是“community”,附近的社区不止一个,用复数“communities”;“安全”为“safety”,是不可数名词。
4. shocking;rainstorm;straight;airline;upcoming
【解析】“惊人的”修饰暴风雨,用“shocking”;“暴风雨”是“rainstorm”,此处指特定的一场,用单数;“笔直地”修饰动词“drive”,用副词“straight”;“航空公司”是“airline”,此处指特定的航空公司,用单数;“即将来临的”修饰航班,用“upcoming”。
5. slim;bled;uncomfortable
【解析】“苗条的”修饰身材,用“slim”;“流血”是“bleed”,根据“yesterday”可知用过去式“bled”;“不舒服的”是“uncomfortable”,用于描述人的感受。
6. historical;coach;service
【解析】“历史的”修饰博物馆,用“historical”;“四轮大马车”是“coach”,此处指古代的那辆,用单数;“服务”是“service”,此处指社会服务,为不可数名词。
7. hurricane;coast;alarm;shut
【解析】“飓风”是“hurricane”,句中特指即将来临的那一场,用单数;“海岸”是“coast”,“沿海的”用“along the coast”表达;“警报”是“alarm”,此处指特定的警报,用单数;“关闭”是“shut”,根据“quickly”可知用动词原形,构成“quickly shut”。
8. drone;operate;drawbacks
【解析】“无人遥控飞机”是“drone”,此处指特定的一款,用单数;“操作”是“operate”,“be easy to do sth”为固定用法,用动词原形;“缺点”是“drawback”,“一些缺点”用复数“drawbacks”。
9. courage;victims;heroine;shadow
【解析】“勇气”是“courage”,不可数名词;“受害者”是“victim”,“三名受害者”用复数“victims”;“女英雄”是“heroine”,此处指特定的她,用单数;“坏影响,阴影”是“shadow”,此处指过去的影响,用单数。
10. orchestra;motherland
【解析】“管弦乐队”是“orchestra”,此处指大学的那支乐队,用单数;“祖国”是“motherland”,专有名词,首字母大写。
11. increase;safety
【解析】“增加”是“increase”,此处指温度的升高,用名词形式;“安全”是“safety”,不可数名词,“the safety of coastal cities”表示“沿海城市的安全”。
12. torch
【解析】“火把;火炬”是“torch”,句中特指他手里的那一个,用单数。
13. tsunami;service;victims
【解析】“海啸”是“tsunami”,此处指特定的一场,用单数;“服务”是“service”,“医疗服务”为“medical service”,不可数名词;“受害者”是“victim”,灾区的受害者不止一个,用复数“victims”。
14. increase;upcoming
【解析】“提高”是“increase”,“to increase students' safety awareness”表示“为了提高学生的安全意识”,用动词原形;“即将来临的”修饰自然灾害,用“upcoming”。
15. shadow;fashion
【解析】“影子”是“shadow”,此处指她的影子,用单数;“时尚”是“fashion”,“时尚发布会”为“fashion show”。
16. shut;safety
【解析】“关上”是“shut”,“be hard to do sth”为固定用法,用动词原形;“安全”是“safety”,“passengers' safety”表示“乘客的安全”。
17. shower;ash
【解析】“一阵(东西)”用“shower”,“a shower of volcanic ash”表示“一阵火山灰”;“灰烬”是“ash”,不可数名词。
18. community;increase
【解析】“社区”是“community”,此处指特定的社区,用单数;“提高”是“increase”,根据“greatly”可知用动词原形,描述一般情况。
19. shadow
【解析】“坏影响,阴影”是“shadow”,“the shadow of the past”表示“过去的阴影”,用单数。
20. iron;smoke
【解析】“铁”是“iron”,不可数名词;“烟雾”是“smoke”,不可数名词,“smoke poisoning”表示“烟雾中毒”。
21. airline;service
【解析】“航空公司”是“airline”,此处指特定的航空公司,用单数;“服务”是“service”,“high-quality service”表示“优质的服务”,不可数名词。
22. flood;drone
【解析】“洪水”是“flood”,此处指特定的一场,用单数;“无人遥控飞机”是“drone”,此处指救援用的无人机,用单数。
23. slim;orchestra
【解析】“苗条的”修饰身材,用“slim”;“管弦乐队”是“orchestra”,此处指学校的乐队,用单数。
24. historical
【解析】“历史的”修饰老师,用“historical”,“historical teacher”表示“历史老师”。
25. alarm;safety
【解析】“警报器,警报”是“alarm”,此处指特定的警报,用单数;“安全”是“safety”,“your own and others' safety”表示“自己和他人的安全”。
26. iron;bleed
【解析】“铁(制)的”修饰名词“object”,用“iron”;“流血”是“bleed”,“start to do sth”为固定用法,用动词原形。
27. upcoming;orchestra;motherland
【解析】“即将来临的”修饰校庆活动,用“upcoming”;“管弦乐队”是“orchestra”,此处指学校的乐队,用单数;“祖国”是“motherland”,专有名词,首字母大写。
28. thick;safety
【解析】“浓密的”修饰树林,用“thick”;“安全”是“safety”,“for the sake of safety”表示“为了安全起见”。
29. drawbacks;operate;net
【解析】“缺点”是“drawback”,“一些缺点”用复数“drawbacks”;“操作”是“operate”,“be easy to do sth”为固定用法,用动词原形;“因特网”是“net”,“connect to the net”表示“连接因特网”。
30. shocking;victims;heroines;courage
【解析】“惊人的”修饰地震,用“shocking”;“受害者”是“victim”,“很多受害者”用复数“victims”;“女英雄”是“heroine”,句中“女英雄们”用复数“heroines”;“勇气”是“courage”,不可数名词。
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2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(外研版2024)
Unit 6 When disaster strikes重点词汇
必备知识清单
重点词汇释义
1. lost adj.丢失的,遗失的
【用法释义】
可作表语(说明主语状态)或定语(修饰名词),强调人或事物处于“找不到”的状态。
【常用搭配】
短语:lost and found(失物招领处)、be lost in thought(陷入沉思)
句型:① Sb./Sth. be lost.(某人/某物丢失了);② Sb. be lost in sth.(某人陷入某物中,如沉思、困境)
【用法示例】
1. My new notebook is lost.(我的新笔记本丢了。)
2. He was lost in the forest for two hours.(他在森林里迷路了两个小时。)
3. There is a lost dog waiting at the gate.(门口有一只走失的狗在等待。)
2. scared adj.害怕的,恐惧的
【用法释义】
常作表语,主语多为人,强调因危险、未知等产生的主观恐惧情绪,不修饰事物。
【常用搭配】
短语:be scared of sth.(害怕某物)、be scared to do sth.(害怕做某事)、be scared that...(害怕……,接从句)
句型:Sb. be scared of/to do/that...
【用法示例】
1. The little boy is scared of thunder.(这个小男孩害怕雷声。)
2. She is scared to walk alone at night.(她害怕晚上独自走路。)
3. They are scared that the rain will stop their trip.(他们害怕下雨会中断旅行。)
3. shut v.(使)关(合)上,(使)关闭
【用法释义】
及物动词(可直接接宾语,如门、窗)或不及物动词(表“关闭”的状态),过去式/过去分词均为shut。
【常用搭配】
短语:shut the door/window(关门/窗)、shut down(关闭机器/工厂)、shut off(切断水/电/气)
句型:① Sb. shut sth.(某人关上某物);② Sth. shut.(某物关上了,不及物)
【用法示例】
1. Please shut the window before you leave.(离开前请关上窗户。)
2. The old factory shut down last year.(这家旧工厂去年倒闭了。)
3. The door shut quietly after the wind blew.(风吹过后,门轻轻关上了。)
4. coach n.公共马车,四轮大马车
【用法释义】
可数名词,指旧时由马拉动的大型载人/运货车辆,区别于现代“长途汽车”(文档重点为“公共马车”含义)。
【常用搭配】
短语:a horse-drawn coach(马车)、take a coach(乘坐公共马车)
句型:ride in a coach(乘坐公共马车);a coach for sth.(用于……的公共马车)
【用法示例】
1. In the 19th century, people traveled by coach.(19世纪时,人们乘坐公共马车旅行。)
2. The queen arrived in a golden coach pulled by four horses.(女王乘坐一辆四匹马拉的金色马车抵达。)
3. We saw an old coach in the history museum yesterday.(昨天我们在历史博物馆看到了一辆古老的公共马车。)
5. shocking adj.惊人的,骇人的,令人难以置信的
【用法释义】
可作定语(修饰事物)或表语(主语为事物),强调事物因“出乎意料、性质恶劣”让人震惊。
【常用搭配】
短语:a shocking accident(骇人的事故)、shocking news(惊人的消息)
句型:① Sth. be shocking.(某事是惊人的);② It is shocking that...(……是令人震惊的)
【用法示例】
1. The shocking fire destroyed 20 houses.(这场骇人的大火烧毁了20栋房子。)
2. It is shocking that he lied to his parents.(他对父母撒谎,真是令人震惊。)
3. She told us a shocking story about the storm.(她给我们讲了一个关于暴风雨的惊人故事。)
6. straight adv.笔直地,成直线地
【用法释义】
修饰动词(表动作方式),也可作形容词(意为“直的”,如straight hair),文档重点为副词
【用法释义】。
【常用搭配】
短语:go straight(直走)、look straight ahead(直视前方)、fly straight(笔直飞)
句型:do sth. straight(笔直地做某事);go straight along...(沿着……直走)
【用法示例】
1. Go straight along this road, and you’ll find the park.(沿着这条路直走,你就能找到公园。)
2. The bird flew straight into the blue sky.(那只鸟笔直地飞向蓝天。)
3. He pointed straight at the map on the wall.(他笔直地指向墙上的地图。)
7. flood n.洪水,水灾
【用法释义】
可数名词,指大量雨水淹没土地造成的灾害,也可作动词(意为“淹没”,如flood the street)。
【常用搭配】
短语:a big flood(大洪水)、suffer from floods(遭受洪水灾害)、flood disaster(水灾)
句型:① be hit by a flood(遭受洪水袭击);② cause a flood(引发洪水)
【用法示例】
1. Many people lost their homes in the flood last year.(去年的洪水中,许多人失去了家园。)
2. Heavy rain for a week caused a serious flood in the village.(连续一周的大雨在村里引发了严重洪水。)
3. The city is often hit by floods in summer.(这座城市夏天经常遭受洪水袭击。)
8. thick adj.浓密的;混浊的
【用法释义】
作定语或表语,可形容“毛发、树叶”等“浓密”,也可形容“雾、汤”等“混浊、粘稠”。
【常用搭配】
短语:thick hair(浓密的头发)、thick fog(浓雾)、thick soup(浓汤)
句型:Sb./Sth. be thick.(某人/某物是浓密的/混浊的);a thick + 名词(……的事物)
【用法示例】
1. Her thick hair is always tied in a ponytail.(她浓密的头发总是扎成马尾。)
2. We couldn’t drive because of the thick fog.(因为浓雾,我们无法开车。)
3. The soup is too thick—can you add some water?(这汤太稠了,能加点水吗?)
9. smoke n.(燃烧产生的)烟
【用法释义】
不可数名词,指物质燃烧时产生的气体和颗粒,也可作动词(意为“吸烟、冒烟”,如smoke a cigarette)。
【常用搭配】
短语:heavy smoke(浓烟)、smoke from sth.(来自某物的烟)、breathe in smoke(吸入烟)
句型:① There is smoke from...(有来自……的烟);② be filled with smoke(充满烟)
【用法示例】
1. Smoke from the fire could be seen far away.(火灾产生的烟在远处都能看到。)
2. The room was filled with smoke after the candle fell.(蜡烛掉落后,房间里充满了烟。)
3. He coughed because he breathed in too much smoke.(他因为吸入太多烟而咳嗽。)
10. ash n.灰,灰烬
【用法释义】
不可数名词,指物质燃烧后剩下的粉末状残渣,也可指“骨灰”(需结合语境)。
【常用搭配】
短语:cigarette ash(烟灰)、ash from the fire(火后的灰烬)、sweep the ash(扫灰)
句型:① There is ash + 地点(某地有灰);② ash of sth.(某物的灰烬)
【用法示例】
1. She cleaned the ash from the fireplace this morning.(今天早上她清理了壁炉里的灰烬。)
2. There is a lot of ash on the table after the firework.(烟花燃放后,桌子上有很多灰。)
3. The ash of the old book was blown away by the wind.(旧书的灰烬被风吹走了。)
11. shower n.一大批,一阵(在空中洒落或出现的小而轻的东西)
【用法释义】
可数名词,指“雨、花瓣、子弹”等“一阵、一大批”,也可指“淋浴”(如take a shower),文档重点为前者。
【常用搭配】
短语:a shower of rain(一阵雨)、a shower of petals(一阵花瓣雨)、a shower of stones(一阵石头)
句型:a shower of + 名词(一阵……/一大批……);be caught in a shower of sth.(遭遇一阵……)
【用法示例】
1. A shower of rain fell on us when we walked home.(我们走路回家时,下了一阵雨。)
2. The children laughed at the shower of flower petals from the tree.(孩子们对着树上落下的一阵花瓣雨大笑。)
3. A shower of sand hit the car when it passed the desert.(汽车经过沙漠时,一阵沙子砸在了车上。)
12. erupt v.(火山)爆发,喷发
【用法释义】
不及物动词(不接宾语),主要指火山喷发,也可引申为“情绪、暴力爆发”(如erupt into anger)。
【常用搭配】
短语:volcano erupt(火山爆发)、erupt into sth.(突然爆发……,如erupt into cheers)
句型:① A volcano erupts.(火山爆发);② Sth. erupt into sth.(某物突然爆发成……)
【用法示例】
1. The volcano erupted last week, and many people moved away.(这座火山上周爆发了,很多人搬走了。)
2. Scientists said the volcano might erupt again soon.(科学家说这座火山可能很快再次爆发。)
3. The crowd erupted into cheers when the team won.(球队获胜时,人群突然爆发出欢呼声。)
13. volcano n.火山
【用法释义】
可数名词,指地球表面喷出岩浆、火山灰的锥形山,可分为active volcano(活火山)、dormant volcano(休眠火山)、extinct volcano(死火山)。
【常用搭配】
短语:active volcano(活火山)、volcano eruption(火山爆发)、dormant volcano(休眠火山)
句型:① climb a volcano(爬火山);② a volcano in + 地点(某地的火山)
【用法示例】
1. Mount Etna is an active volcano in Italy.(埃特纳火山是意大利的一座活火山。)
2. We learned about volcanoes in our geography class.(我们在地理课上学过火山的知识。)
3. This extinct volcano hasn’t erupted for 10,000 years.(这座死火山已经1万年没爆发了。)
14. historical adj.(有关)历史的
【用法释义】
作定语或表语,修饰“事件、人物、建筑”等,指“与历史相关的”,区别于historic(“具有历史意义的”,如historic moment)。
【常用搭配】
短语:historical events(历史事件)、historical figures(历史人物)、historical research(历史研究)
句型:① a historical + 名词(一个历史的……);② be historical(与历史相关的)
【用法示例】
1. We visited a historical castle in the old town.(我们在老城区参观了一座历史城堡。)
2. This book tells many interesting historical stories.(这本书讲述了许多有趣的历史故事。)
3. Her father does historical research on ancient Egypt.(她的父亲从事古埃及的历史研究。)
15. hurricane n.飓风
【用法释义】
可数名词,指发生在大西洋、东太平洋的强烈热带风暴(风力≥12级),区别于西北太平洋的“台风”(typhoon)。
【常用搭配】
短语:strong hurricane(强飓风)、hurricane warning(飓风预警)、be hit by a hurricane(遭受飓风袭击)
句型:① A hurricane hits + 地点(飓风袭击某地);② prepare for a hurricane(为飓风做准备)
【用法示例】
1. A strong hurricane hit the coast last weekend.(上周末一场强飓风袭击了海岸。)
2. People were told to stay home because of the hurricane.(因为飓风,人们被告知待在家里。)
3. The hurricane destroyed many houses near the sea.(飓风摧毁了海边的许多房屋。)
16. airline n.航空公司
【用法释义】
可数名词,指经营定期航班(客运/货运)的公司,常用搭配“airline ticket(机票)”“airline pilot(航空公司飞行员)”。
【常用搭配】
短语:major airline(主要航空公司)、international airline(国际航空公司)、airline service(航空服务)
句型:① work for an airline(在航空公司工作);② take an airline to + 地点(乘坐某航空公司航班去某地)
【用法示例】
1. My aunt works as a stewardess for a famous airline.(我姑姑在一家著名的航空公司当空姐。)
2. We bought tickets from this airline to visit Beijing.(我们从这家航空公司买了去北京的机票。)
3. This international airline has flights to 50 countries.(这家国际航空公司有飞往50个国家的航班。)
17. rainstorm n.暴风雨
【用法释义】
可数名词,指伴有强风的大雨(强度大于普通rain),常引发积水、树木倒塌等。
【常用搭配】
短语:heavy rainstorm(大暴风雨)、rainstorm warning(暴风雨预警)、during the rainstorm(在暴风雨期间)
句型:① A rainstorm comes/arrives.(暴风雨来了);② be caught in a rainstorm(遭遇暴风雨)
【用法示例】
1. We were caught in a heavy rainstorm on our way to school.(我们上学路上遭遇了一场大暴风雨。)
2. The rainstorm lasted for two hours and made the roads wet.(暴风雨持续了两个小时,把路面弄湿了。)
3. The school closed early because of the coming rainstorm.(因为即将到来的暴风雨,学校提前放学了。)
18. service n.服务
【用法释义】
不可数名词(表“服务”行为),也可作可数名词(表“公共服务设施”,如公交、水电)。
【常用搭配】
短语:good service(优质服务)、public service(公共服务)、service industry(服务业)
句型:① provide sb. with service(为某人提供服务);② the service of + 机构(某机构的服务)
【用法示例】
1. The restaurant is popular because of its good service.(这家餐厅因优质服务而受欢迎。)
2. Doctors provide excellent service to sick people.(医生为病人提供出色的服务。)
3. The public service in this city is very convenient.(这座城市的公共服务非常便利。)
19. motherland n.祖国
【用法释义】
可数名词(常用单数,加the),带有热爱、崇敬的感情色彩,指“出生或拥有国籍的国家”。
【常用搭配】
短语:love the motherland(热爱祖国)、devote to the motherland(为祖国奉献)、defend the motherland(保卫祖国)
句型:① fight for the motherland(为祖国而战);② return to the motherland(回到祖国)
【用法示例】
1. Every Chinese should love and protect the motherland.(每个中国人都应该热爱并保卫祖国。)
2. He returned to the motherland after studying abroad for 5 years.(他出国留学5年后回到了祖国。)
3. Many soldiers died to defend the motherland.(许多士兵为保卫祖国而牺牲。)
20. orchestra n.(大型的)管弦乐队
【用法释义】
可数名词,指由弦乐(如小提琴)、管乐(如长笛)、打击乐(如鼓)组成的大型乐队,常演奏古典音乐。
【常用搭配】
短语:symphony orchestra(交响乐团)、join an orchestra(加入管弦乐队)、play in an orchestra(在管弦乐队演奏)
句型:① an orchestra performs(管弦乐队演出);② listen to an orchestra(听管弦乐队演奏)
【用法示例】
1. We went to the concert to listen to the city orchestra.(我们去音乐会听了市管弦乐队的演奏。)
2. Her brother plays the cello in a famous symphony orchestra.(她的哥哥在一家著名的交响乐团拉大提琴。)
3. The orchestra will play Beethoven’s music this weekend.(这支管弦乐队本周末将演奏贝多芬的音乐。)
21. warning n.警告,警示
【用法释义】
可数名词(表“具体的警告通知/信号”),也可作不可数名词(表“警告”行为)。
【常用搭配】
短语:give a warning(发出警告)、safety warning(安全警示)、warning sign(警示标志)
句型:① issue a warning(发布警告);② ignore a warning(忽视警告)
【用法示例】
1. The teacher gave him a warning because he talked in class.(因为他上课说话,老师给了他一次警告。)
2. There is a safety warning on the medicine box.(药盒上有一个安全警示。)
3. They ignored the weather warning and went hiking.(他们忽视了天气预警,去徒步旅行了。)
22. community n.社区
【用法释义】
可数名词,指“生活在同一区域、有共同利益的人群及居住范围”,常用搭配“local community(当地社区)”“community center(社区活动中心)”。
【常用搭配】
短语:local community(当地社区)、community service(社区服务)、community activities(社区活动)
句型:① live in a community(住在社区里);② take part in community service(参加社区服务)
【用法示例】
1. Our family has lived in this community for 8 years.(我们家在这个社区住了8年了。)
2. The students help clean the park in community service.(学生们在社区服务中帮忙打扫公园。)
3. There is a new community center in our neighborhood.(我们小区里有一个新的社区活动中心。)
23. alarm n.警报器
【用法释义】
可数名词,指“发出声音/灯光信号的警报设备”,也可指“警报信号”(不可数,如sound the alarm)。
【常用搭配】
短语:fire alarm(火灾警报器)、smoke alarm(烟雾警报器)、sound the alarm(发出警报)
句型:① install an alarm(安装警报器);② the alarm goes off(警报器响了)
【用法示例】
1. We installed a smoke alarm in the kitchen.(我们在厨房安装了烟雾警报器。)
2. The fire alarm went off, and everyone ran out of the building.(火灾警报器响了,所有人都跑出了大楼。)
3. He heard the alarm and knew there was danger.(他听到警报声,知道有危险了。)
24. increase v.增加;增大;提高
【用法释义】
及物动词(直接接宾语,如数量、速度)或不及物动词(后接介词in,表“在某方面增加”),名词形式也为increase。
【常用搭配】
短语:increase the number(增加数量)、increase speed(提高速度)、increase in price(价格上涨)
句型:① increase sth.(增加某物);② sth. increase in sth.(某物在某方面增加)
【用法示例】
1. We need to increase the number of books in the library.(我们需要增加图书馆的藏书数量。)
2. The temperature will increase by 3 degrees tomorrow.(明天气温将升高3度。)
3. The number of students in this school has increased in recent years.(近年来,这所学校的学生人数增加了。)
25. coast n.海岸
【用法释义】
可数名词(常用单数,加the),指“海洋/大湖与陆地交界的狭长地带”,区别于shore(“岸边”,范围更小,如river shore)。
【常用搭配】
短语:east coast(东海岸)、along the coast(沿着海岸)、coastline(海岸线)
句型:① live on the coast(住在海岸边);② travel along the coast(沿着海岸旅行)
【用法示例】
1. There are many beaches along the south coast of China.(中国的南海岸有许多海滩。)
2. They plan to travel along the coast this summer.(他们计划今年夏天沿着海岸旅行。)
3. The small town is on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.(这个小镇位于大西洋沿岸。)
26. tsunami n.海啸
【用法释义】
可数名词,指由海底地震、火山爆发引发的巨大海浪,破坏力极强,常用搭配“tsunami warning(海啸预警)”。
【常用搭配】
短语:tsunami warning(海啸预警)、tsunami disaster(海啸灾害)、be hit by a tsunami(遭受海啸袭击)
句型:① A tsunami hits + 地点(海啸袭击某地);② predict a tsunami(预测海啸)
【用法示例】
1. A terrible tsunami hit Japan in 2011.(2011年一场可怕的海啸袭击了日本。)
2. Scientists use machines to predict tsunamis.(科学家用机器预测海啸。)
3. The tsunami destroyed many villages near the coast.(海啸摧毁了海岸附近的许多村庄。)
27. safety n.安全
【用法释义】
不可数名词,指“没有危险、不受伤害的状态”,反义词是danger(危险),常用搭配“safety first(安全第一)”。
【常用搭配】
短语:safety first(安全第一)、personal safety(人身安全)、safety measures(安全措施)
句型:① ensure safety(确保安全);② for safety(为了安全)
【用法示例】
1. Parents always care about their children’s personal safety.(父母总是关心孩子的人身安全。)
2. We must take safety measures before the experiment.(做实验前我们必须采取安全措施。)
3. He wears a helmet for safety when riding a bike.(骑自行车时,他为了安全戴头盔。)
28. net n.因特网
【用法释义】
不可数名词(常大写为Net,与the连用),等同于Internet,指“全球计算机网络”,口语中常用“surf the net(上网)”。
【常用搭配】
短语:surf the net(上网)、use the net(使用因特网)、search on the net(在网上搜索)
句型:① search for sth. on the net(在网上搜索某物);② chat with sb. on the net(在网上和某人聊天)
【用法示例】
1. She often surfs the net to find study materials.(她经常上网查找学习资料。)
2. We can chat with friends on the net even if we’re far apart.(即使相隔很远,我们也能在网上和朋友聊天。)
3. He found his old classmate by searching on the net.(他通过网上搜索找到了老同学。)
29. upcoming adj.即将来临的,即将发生的
【用法释义】
作定语(仅修饰名词),指“不久后会发生的事物”,如考试、会议、节日等,不作表语。
【常用搭配】
短语:upcoming exam(即将到来的考试)、upcoming meeting(即将召开的会议)、upcoming holiday(即将来临的假期)
句型:① the upcoming + 名词(即将来临的……);② prepare for the upcoming sth.(为即将来临的……做准备)
【用法示例】
1. We are busy preparing for the upcoming final exam.(我们正忙着为即将到来的期末考试做准备。)
2. There will be a party for the upcoming Christmas.(为即将来临的圣诞节,将会有一场派对。)
3. The teacher told us about the upcoming school trip.(老师告诉了我们即将到来的学校旅行。)
30. operate v.使用,操作
【用法释义】
及物动词(直接接宾语,如机器、电脑),也可作“做手术”讲(不及物,后接on,如operate on sb.)。
【常用搭配】
短语:operate a machine(操作机器)、operate a computer(使用电脑)、operate on sb.(给某人做手术)
句型:① operate sth.(操作/使用某物);② operate on sb.(给某人做手术)
【用法示例】
1. He learned to operate the new machine in three days.(他三天内学会了操作这台新机器。)
2. My grandma can’t operate a computer, so I help her.(我奶奶不会用电脑,所以我帮她。)
3. The doctor will operate on the patient tomorrow.(医生明天将给这位病人做手术。)
31. drawback n.缺点,毛病
【用法释义】
可数名词,指“事物的不足之处、缺陷”,反义词是advantage(优点),常用搭配“main drawback(主要缺点)”。
【常用搭配】
短语:main drawback(主要缺点)、have a drawback(有一个缺点)、overcome a drawback(克服缺点)
句型:① sth. has a drawback(某物有一个缺点);② the drawback of sth.(某物的缺点)
【用法示例】
1. This phone is good, but its main drawback is the short battery life.(这款手机很好,但主要缺点是电池续航短。)
2. One drawback of living in the countryside is the slow internet.(住在农村的一个缺点是网速慢。)
3. We need to find a way to overcome the drawback of this plan.(我们需要找到方法克服这个计划的缺点。)
32. life-saving adj.挽救生命的,保命的
【用法释义】
作定语(仅修饰名词),指“能拯救生命的事物”,如设备、药物、技能等,不可作表语。
【常用搭配】
短语:life-saving equipment(救生设备)、life-saving medicine(救命药)、life-saving skills(救生技能)
句型:a life-saving + 名词(一个救生的……);use life-saving sth.(使用救生的……)
【用法示例】
1. The firefighters carried life-saving equipment to rescue people.(消防员携带救生设备去救人。)
2. This life-saving medicine can help people in emergency.(这种救命药能在紧急情况下帮助人们。)
3. Everyone should learn basic life-saving skills like swimming.(每个人都应该学习游泳等基本救生技能。)
33. drone n.无人遥控飞机
【用法释义】
可数名词,指“由远程控制的无人驾驶飞行器”,可用于航拍、送货、侦察等,口语中简称“无人机”。
【常用搭配】
短语:military drone(军用无人机)、drone aerial photography(无人机航拍)、control a drone(操控无人机)
句型:① fly a drone(操控无人机飞行);② use a drone to do sth.(用无人机做某事)
【用法示例】
1. He bought a drone to take photos of mountains.(他买了一架无人机来拍山景。)
2. The farmer uses a drone to spray pesticide on crops.(这位农民用无人机给庄稼喷洒农药。)
3. We watched a video taken by a drone of the Great Wall.(我们看了一段无人机拍摄的长城视频。)
34. iron n.铁
【用法释义】
不可数名词(指金属元素,符号Fe),也可作可数名词(指“熨斗”,如electric iron),文档重点为前者。
【常用搭配】
短语:molten iron(铁水)、iron and steel(钢铁)、electric iron(电熨斗)
句型:① make sth. from iron(用铁制作某物);② use an iron to iron clothes(用熨斗熨衣服,第二个iron为动词)
【用法示例】
1. Many tools are made from iron because it’s strong.(许多工具用铁制作,因为铁很坚固。)
2. The worker poured molten iron into the mold.(工人把铁水倒进了模具里。)
3. My mom uses an electric iron to iron my clothes.(我妈妈用电熨斗熨我的衣服。)
35. fashion n.时尚
【用法释义】
不可数名词(指“服装、发型等的流行趋势”),也可作“方式”讲(如in a...fashion,“以……的方式”)。
【常用搭配】
短语:follow fashion(追随时尚)、in fashion(流行的)、out of fashion(过时的)、fashion industry(时尚产业)
句型:① be in fashion(正流行);② do sth. in a...fashion(以……的方式做某事)
【用法示例】
1. Young people like to follow fashion and wear trendy clothes.(年轻人喜欢追随时尚,穿时髦的衣服。)
2. This style of shoes is in fashion this year.(这种款式的鞋子今年很流行。)
3. She solved the problem in a smart fashion.(她以一种聪明的方式解决了这个问题。)
36. slim adj.苗条的,修长的
【用法释义】
作定语或表语,多形容“人的身材纤细”,也可形容“机会微小”(引申义,如slim chance),反义词是fat(胖的)。
【常用搭配】
短语:slim figure(苗条的身材)、slim girl(苗条的女孩)、slim chance(微小的机会)
句型:① Sb. be slim.(某人身材苗条);② a slim + 名词(一个苗条的……/微小的……)
【用法示例】
1. She keeps exercising to keep her slim figure.(她坚持锻炼以保持苗条的身材。)
2. The model has a tall and slim body.(这位模特有着高挑修长的身材。)
3. There is a slim chance that we’ll catch the early bus.(我们赶上早班车的机会很小。)
37. bleed v.流血,出血
【用法释义】
不及物动词(表“出血”状态),也可作及物动词(“使流血”,较少用),过去式/过去分词均为bled。
【常用搭配】
短语:bleed heavily(大量出血)、bleed from sth.(从……流血)、stop bleeding(止血)
句型:① Sb. bleed from + 部位(某人某个部位出血);② sth. makes sb. bleed(某物使某人出血)
【用法示例】
1. He cut his hand and it began to bleed.(他割破了手,开始流血。)
2. The patient was bleeding heavily when he arrived at the hospital.(病人到达医院时正在大量出血。)
3. We used a clean towel to stop the bleeding.(我们用干净的毛巾止血。)
38. uncomfortable adj.不舒服的
【用法释义】
作定语或表语,指“身体感觉不适”或“环境让人不自在”,由comfortable加否定前缀un-构成,反义词是comfortable。
【常用搭配】
短语:uncomfortable chair(不舒服的椅子)、feel uncomfortable(感到不舒服)、uncomfortable situation(不自在的局面)
句型:① Sb. feel uncomfortable(某人感到不舒服);② sth. be uncomfortable(某物不舒服)
【用法示例】
1. This bed is too soft, so I feel uncomfortable.(这张床太软了,我感觉不舒服。)
2. She felt uncomfortable because she didn’t know anyone at the party.(她因为在派对上不认识任何人而感到不自在。)
3. The cold weather made everyone feel uncomfortable.(寒冷的天气让每个人都感到不舒服。)
39. shadow n.坏影响,阴影
【用法释义】
可数名词,指“人或事物受到的不良影响”,也可指“影子”(本义,如the shadow of a tree),文档重点为前者。
【常用搭配】
短语:cast a shadow on sth.(给某物蒙上阴影)、under the shadow of sth.(在某物的阴影下)、shadow of fear(恐惧的阴影)
句型:① cast a shadow on sth.(给某物带来坏影响);② live under the shadow of sth.(生活在某物的坏影响下)
【用法示例】
1. The accident cast a shadow on his happy life.(这场事故给他幸福的生活蒙上了阴影。)
2. Many people live under the shadow of poverty in that country.(在那个国家,许多人生活在贫困的阴影下。)
3. The failure didn’t leave a shadow on her—she tried again.(这次失败没有给她带来坏影响,她又尝试了一次。)
40. herself pron.她自己
【用法释义】
反身代词,主语需为女性,可作宾语(强调动作作用于主语自身)、表语(说明主语身份或状态)或同位语(加强主语语气,强调“她本人”)。
【常用搭配】
短语:by herself(独自地)、hurt herself(伤到她自己)、teach herself(自学)、enjoy herself(玩得开心)
句型:① Sb. (female) do sth. by herself(女性独自做某事);② Sb. (female) + 动词 + herself(女性对自己做某事);③ Sb. (female) be + 表语 + herself(女性处于自身原本的状态)
【用法示例】
1. She finished the difficult math problem by herself.(她独自解出了这道难的数学题。)
2. The little girl hurt herself when she fell off the bike.(这个小女孩从自行车上摔下来时伤到了自己。)
3. After a long trip, she finally felt like herself again.(经过长途旅行后,她终于感觉恢复了常态。)
41. torch n.火把;火炬
【用法释义】
可数名词,“火把”指用于照明或取暖的手持燃烧装置,“火炬”常与庆典、象征意义相关(如奥运火炬),也可在英式英语中表示“手电筒”(文档重点为“火把;火炬”)。
【常用搭配】
短语:light a torch(点燃火把/火炬)、carry a torch(手持火把/火炬)、Olympic torch(奥运火炬)
句型:① use a torch to do sth.(用火把/火炬做某事);② hold a torch for sb./sth.(为某人/某物高举火炬,也可引申为“暗恋某人”)
【用法示例】
1. The villagers carried torches to walk through the dark forest.(村民们手持火把穿过漆黑的森林。)
2. He lit a torch to warm his hands on the cold night.(在寒冷的夜晚,他点燃火把暖手。)
3. The athlete ran with the Olympic torch in the opening ceremony.(运动员在开幕式上手持奥运火炬奔跑。)
42. university n.大学
【用法释义】
可数名词,指提供高等教育的机构,可缩写为“uni”(口语),搭配“attend a university”(上大学)、“graduate from a university”(大学毕业),注意“at university”中间不加冠词(表“在大学求学”状态)。
【常用搭配】
短语:attend university(上大学)、university student(大学生)、university campus(大学校园)、graduate from university(大学毕业)
句型:① study at a university(在一所大学学习);② go to university(去上大学);③ a university in + 地点(某地的一所大学)
【用法示例】
1. Her dream is to study medicine at a famous university.(她的梦想是在一所著名的大学学习医学。)
2. He will go to university next year after finishing high school.(高中毕业后,他明年就要去上大学了。)
3. There are many beautiful gardens on our university campus.(我们的大学校园里有许多漂亮的花园。)
43. courage n.勇气,胆量,勇敢
【用法释义】
不可数名词,指面对困难、危险时不害怕的精神品质,反义词是“fear”(恐惧),常用搭配“have the courage to do sth.”(有勇气做某事)。
【常用搭配】
短语:have courage(有勇气)、show courage(展现勇气)、lose courage(失去勇气)、courage to do sth.(做某事的勇气)
句型:① have the courage to do sth.(有勇气做某事);② It takes courage to do sth.(做某事需要勇气)
【用法示例】
1. She has the courage to speak in front of hundreds of people.(她有勇气在数百人面前发言。)
2. The soldier showed great courage in the battle.(这位士兵在战斗中展现出了非凡的勇气。)
3. It takes courage to admit your own mistakes.(承认自己的错误需要勇气。)
44. heroine n.女英雄
【用法释义】
可数名词,指在事件、故事中表现出勇敢、无私精神的女性,对应阳性名词“hero”(英雄,指男性或泛指),复数形式为“heroines”。
【常用搭配】
短语:national heroine(民族女英雄)、storybook heroine(故事书中的女英雄)、respect a heroine(尊重一位女英雄)
句型:① be regarded as a heroine(被视为一位女英雄);② the heroine of + 事件/故事(某事件/故事中的女英雄)
【用法示例】
1. She saved three children from the fire and was regarded as a national heroine.(她从火灾中救出了三个孩子,被视为民族女英雄。)
2. The heroine of this novel always helps people in trouble.(这本小说的女主人公总是帮助有困难的人。)
3. We learned about a brave heroine in our history class today.(今天我们在历史课上了解到一位勇敢的女英雄。)
45. victim n.(恶劣情况的)受害者;(疾病的)患者
【用法释义】
可数名词,可指遭受自然灾害、事故、犯罪等“恶劣情况”的受害者,也可指感染疾病的“患者”,常用搭配“victim of sth.”(某事的受害者/某物的患者)。
【常用搭配】
短语:victim of a flood(洪水受害者)、victim of a crime(犯罪受害者)、victim of a disease(疾病患者)、help the victims(帮助受害者)
句型:① be a victim of sth.(是某事的受害者/某物的患者);② help the victims of + 事件/疾病(帮助某事件的受害者/某疾病的患者)
【用法示例】
1. Many victims of the earthquake received food and water from volunteers.(许多地震受害者从志愿者那里得到了食物和水。)
2. He became a victim of the terrible flu last winter.(去年冬天,他患上了严重的流感。)
3. The organization is trying to provide shelter for the victims of the hurricane.(该组织正努力为飓风受害者提供住所。)
综合实战演练
一、单项选择
1. My new pen is ______. I can't find it anywhere.
A. lost B. found C. closed D. scared
2. The little girl felt ______ when she saw the dark room alone.
A. happy B. excited C. angry D. scared
3. Please ______ the window before you go out. It's going to rain.
A. open B. shut C. clean D. break
4. In the old days, people often traveled by ______ because there were no cars.
A. bike B. coach C. plane D. train
5. The news about the traffic accident is ______. We all feel sad for the victims.
A. boring B. shocking C. interesting D. relaxing
6. Go ______ along this street, and you will see the library on your left.
A. straight B. slowly C. quickly D. quietly
7. A heavy rain caused a ______ in the small town, and many people had to move to safe places.
A. flood B. fire C. earthquake D. snowstorm
8. The fog is so ______ that I can't see the building across the street.
A. thin B. thick C. clear D. light
9. There is a lot of ______ from the factory, which makes the air in the neighborhood dirty.
A. water B. smoke C. sound D. paper
10. After the big fire, the house was left with only ______. Nothing valuable was left.
A. ash B. wood C. stone D. glass
11. A ______ of postcards came to the office this morning. The secretary is busy sorting them.
A. shower B. cup C. box D. piece
12. That ______ hasn't erupted for hundreds of years, so people living nearby feel safe.
A. mountain B. volcano C. river D. forest
13. We visited a ______ building yesterday. It was built over 500 years ago during the Ming Dynasty.
A. modern B. historical C. new D. tall
14. A strong ______ hit the coastal city last week, blowing down many trees and breaking windows.
A. hurricane B. rain C. wind D. snow
15. Which ______ do you prefer to take when traveling to Shanghai? I like China Eastern Airlines.
A. airline B. train C. bus D. ship
16. We couldn't go out yesterday because of a heavy ______. The rain was so strong that it flooded the streets.
A. windstorm B. rainstorm C. snowstorm D. sandstorm
17. The ______ in this restaurant is very good. The waiters always smile and help customers patiently.
A. food B. price C. service D. environment
18. Everyone should love their ______ and work hard to make it stronger and more beautiful.
A. hometown B. motherland C. school D. family
19. The ______ will play a famous classical piece at the concert tonight. It has over 100 musicians.
A. band B. orchestra C. singer D. dancer
20. The teacher gave us a ______ about the upcoming exam. She told us to review all the Unit 6 words.
A. message B. note C. warning D. letter
21. People in this ______ often help each other. When someone is in trouble, neighbors will give a hand.
A. community B. school C. hospital D. company
22. The fire ______ went off as soon as there was a fire in the building. Everyone ran out quickly.
A. alarm B. bell C. phone D. light
23. The number of students in our school will ______ next year. We will build two new classrooms to hold them.
A. decrease B. increase C. stay D. drop
24. Many people like to walk along the ______ in the evening and enjoy the beautiful sea view.
A. coast B. river C. mountain D. street
25. A big ______ happened in that country last year, which destroyed many houses near the sea.
A. flood B. earthquake C. tsunami D. fire
26. The most important thing in an accident is to ensure your ______. Don't waste time taking your things.
A. safety B. money C. time D. health
27. You can use the ______ to search for information about volcanoes for your science homework.
A. book B. net C. pen D. paper
28. We are looking forward to the ______ sports meeting. It will be held in our school next month.
A. past B. upcoming C. last D. previous
29. Can you ______ this machine? I don't know how to turn it on and take photos.
A. operate B. buy C. sell D. repair
30. This new laptop is fast, but it has a ______ — it's too heavy to carry around.
A. advantage B. drawback C. feature D. benefit
31. The doctors used ______ equipment to save the patient who had a serious accident.
A. life-saving B. new C. old D. expensive
32. A ______ can take photos from the sky. It's very useful for checking the damage after a flood.
A. plane B. drone C. bird D. balloon
33. ______ is a kind of hard metal. It's often used to make pots, pans and nails.
A. Gold B. Silver C. Iron D. Copper
34. She likes to follow the latest ______. She always wears the most popular clothes this season.
A. fashion B. news C. sport D. music
35. The girl keeps running every morning, so she looks ______ and healthy.
A. fat B. slim C. short D. tall
36. If you cut your hand with a knife, it will ______. You need to clean it with water and put a bandage on it.
A. bleed B. hurt C. break D. burn
37. This chair is ______. I feel pain in my back after sitting on it for 10 minutes.
A. comfortable B. uncomfortable C. soft D. hard
38. The bad experience of being lost in the forest left a ______ on her. She still doesn't dare to go camping.
A. shadow B. mark C. sign D. symbol
39. She made the birthday cake all by ______. No one in her family helped her.
A. myself B. himself C. herself D. yourself
40. He used a ______ to light the way when he walked through the dark forest at night.
A. candle B. torch C. lamp D. light
二、用锁哥单词的适当形式填空
1. My new umbrella is ______ (lose), and I can't find it anywhere.
2. The little girl felt ______ (scare) when she heard the loud thunder at night.
3. Please ______ (shut) the window before you leave the classroom to keep the rain out.
4. In the old days, people usually traveled by ______ (coach) to distant towns.
5. It was ______ (shocking) to hear that the small village was completely destroyed by the earthquake.
6. Go ______ (straight) along this street, and you will see the library on your left.
7. A terrible ______ (flood) hit the area last summer, leaving many people homeless.
8. The fog was so ______ (thick) that drivers could hardly see the road ahead.
9. There is a lot of ______ (smoke) coming out of the factory chimney, which pollutes the air.
10. After the fire, only piles of ______ (ash) were left in the old house.
11. A ______ (shower) of petals fell from the tree when the wind blew gently.
12. The volcano in that island ______ (erupt) last year, causing great damage to the nearby villages.
13. This is an active ______ (volcano) that may erupt again at any time.
14. We learned many ______ (historical) events about our country in the history class yesterday.
15. A strong ______ (hurricane) is expected to reach the coastal city next week.
16. Which ______ (airline) do you prefer to take when you travel to Beijing?
17. We had to stay at home because of the heavy ______ (rainstorm) outside.
18. The ______ (service) in this restaurant is very good, so many people like to eat here.
19. Everyone should love and devote themselves to their ______ (motherland).
20. The ______ (orchestra) will give a wonderful concert in the city hall next month.
21. The teacher gave us a ______ (warn) about the danger of swimming in the deep river.
22. People in this ______ (community) often help each other when they are in trouble.
23. The fire ______ (alarm) went off suddenly, and everyone rushed out of the building quickly.
24. The number of students in our school ______ (increase) by 20% this year compared with last year.
25. Many tourists like to walk along the ______ (coast) and enjoy the beautiful sea views.
26. The ______ (tsunami) caused by the earthquake killed thousands of people in the coastal areas.
27. Parents always care about their children's ______ (safe) when they go out alone.
28. You can get a lot of useful information through the ______ (net) if you use it properly.
29. We are all looking forward to the ______ (come) school sports meeting.
30. He is learning how to ______ (operation) the new machine in the factory.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 当洪水来临时,很多人因为害怕而四处奔跑,一些志愿者则勇敢地帮助寻找丢失的孩子。
When the ______ came, many people ran around because they were ______, and some volunteers bravely helped look for the ______ children.
2. 在那片浓密的森林里,如果你迷失方向,一定要保持冷静,用手机的因特网联系外界。
In that ______ forest, if you get lost, you must stay calm and use your phone's ______ to contact the outside world.
3. 火山爆发后,空中满是灰烬和烟雾,政府发出了警告,让附近社区的人们尽快撤离到安全的地方。
After the ______ erupted, the air was filled with ______ and ______, and the government issued a ______ telling people in nearby ______ to evacuate to a place of ______ as soon as possible.
4. 这场惊人的暴风雨导致城市内涝,很多车辆无法笔直地行驶,航空公司也不得不取消了即将来临的航班。
This ______ ______ caused waterlogging in the city, many vehicles couldn't drive ______, and the ______ had to cancel the ______ flights.
5. 她为了保持苗条的身材,每天坚持锻炼,但昨天运动时不小心受伤流血了,现在感觉很不舒服。
To keep a ______ figure, she keeps exercising every day, but she accidentally got hurt and ______ yesterday while exercising, and now she feels very ______.
6. 在历史博物馆里,我们看到了古代的四轮大马车,讲解员还介绍了它在当时社会服务中的重要作用。
In the ______ museum, we saw the ancient ______, and the guide also introduced its important role in social ______ at that time.
7. 飓风来临前,海岸边的居民收到了警报,大家迅速关闭门窗,将重要物品转移到高处。
Before the ______ came, the residents along the ______ received the ______, and everyone quickly ______ the doors and windows and moved important items to high places.
8. 这个新研发的救生无人机操作简单,虽然有一些缺点,但在救援被困人员时发挥了很大作用。
This newly developed life-saving ______ is easy to ______, and although it has some ______, it plays a great role in rescuing trapped people.
9. 她凭借自己的勇气,在火灾现场救出了三名受害者,被人们尊称为女英雄,她的事迹也没有给她的生活留下坏影响。
With her own ______, she rescued three ______ at the fire scene and was respected as a ______, and her story didn't leave a bad ______ on her life.
10. 大学的管弦乐队将在下周举办一场音乐会,为祖国的生日献礼,现在他们正在紧张地排练。
The university's ______ will hold a concert next week to celebrate the motherland's birthday, and now they are rehearsing nervously.
11. 随着温度的升高,冰川融化速度加快,这导致海平面上升,对沿海城市的安全构成了威胁。
With the ______ in temperature, the speed of glacier melting accelerates, which leads to the rise of sea level and threatens the ______ of coastal cities.
12. 他在黑暗中举着火把,带领大家穿过狭窄的山洞,最终成功到达了安全地带。
He held a ______ in the dark and led everyone through the narrow cave, and finally successfully reached the safe area.
13. 这场突如其来的海啸摧毁了沿海的许多房屋,志愿者们纷纷前往灾区,为受害者提供食品和医疗服务。
This sudden ______ destroyed many houses along the coast, and volunteers went to the disaster area one after another to provide food and medical ______ for the ______.
14. 为了提高学生的安全意识,学校邀请专家举办讲座,讲解如何应对即将来临的自然灾害。
To ______ students' safety awareness, the school invited experts to hold lectures on how to deal with ______ natural disasters.
15. 她在镜子前整理衣服时,发现自己的影子投射在墙上,突然想起今天要去参加一场时尚发布会。
When she was tidying up her clothes in front of the mirror, she found her ______ cast on the wall, and suddenly remembered that she had to attend a ______ show today.
16. 那辆旧火车的铁门很难关上,乘务员费了很大力气才把它关好,确保乘客在行驶过程中的安全。
The iron door of that old train was hard to ______, and the conductor spent a lot of effort to close it well to ensure the passengers' ______ during the journey.
17. 火山喷发时,一阵火山灰像阵雨一样落下,覆盖了周围的田野,农民们不得不重新规划种植计划。
When the volcano erupted, a ______ of volcanic ash fell like rain, covering the surrounding fields, and farmers had to rearrange their planting plans.
18. 这个社区的服务中心为老年人提供免费体检,还组织各种文化活动,大大提高了居民的生活幸福感。
The service center of this ______ provides free physical examinations for the elderly and also organizes various cultural activities, which greatly ______ the residents' sense of happiness in life.
19. 她在一次事故中失去了部分记忆,但凭借自己的努力和家人的支持,逐渐走出了过去的阴影,重新拥抱生活。
She lost part of her memory in an accident, but with her own efforts and the support of her family, she gradually got rid of the ______ of the past and embraced life again.
20. 在寒冷的冬天,人们通常会用铁制成的炉子取暖,但使用时一定要注意通风,避免因烟雾中毒。
In cold winter, people usually use stoves made of ______ to keep warm, but when using them, they must pay attention to ventilation to avoid poisoning from ______.
21. 航空公司为乘客提供了优质的服务,从办理登机手续到机舱内的餐饮,都让乘客感到很满意。
The ______ provides high-quality ______ for passengers, from checking in to in-flight meals, which makes passengers very satisfied.
22. 这场洪水冲毁了通往村庄的桥梁,救援人员只能通过无人遥控飞机向村民运送食品和药品。
This ______ destroyed the bridge leading to the village, and rescuers could only deliver food and medicine to the villagers by ______.
23. 她虽然身材苗条,但身体很健康,每天都会早起跑步,还积极参加学校管弦乐队的训练。
Although she has a ______ figure, she is very healthy. She gets up early to run every day and also actively participates in the training of the school ______.
24. 历史老师在课堂上展示了一组关于古代战争的图片,这些图片让我们对过去的历史事件有了更直观的认识。
The ______ teacher showed a set of pictures about ancient wars in class, which gave us a more intuitive understanding of past historical events.
25. 当警报响起时,大家不要惊慌,按照指示有序撤离,确保自己和他人的安全。
When the ______ goes off, don't panic. Evacuate in order according to the instructions to ensure your own and others' ______.
26. 他不小心被铁器划伤了手,开始流血,旁边的同学立即拿出纸巾帮他止血,并送他去了医务室。
He accidentally cut his hand with an ______ object and started to ______. The classmate next to him immediately took out a tissue to help him stop the bleeding and sent him to the infirmary.
27. 即将来临的校庆活动中,学校管弦乐队将演奏多首经典曲目,以此表达对祖国和学校的热爱。
In the ______ school anniversary event, the school ______ will play many classic pieces to express their love for the ______ and the school.
28. 这片浓密的树林里有很多野生动物,为了安全起见,游客不要独自进入,最好在导游的带领下参观。
There are many wild animals in this ______ forest. For the sake of ______, tourists should not enter alone and had better visit under the guidance of a guide.
29. 这个新开发的软件虽然有一些缺点,但它的操作很简单,能帮助用户快速连接因特网,提高工作效率。
Although this newly developed software has some ______, it is easy to ______ and can help users connect to the ______ quickly to improve work efficiency.
30. 在那次惊人的地震后,很多受害者失去了家园,女英雄们用自己的勇气和行动,为灾区人们带来了希望和温暖。
After that ______ earthquake, many ______ lost their homes, and ______ brought hope and warmth to the people in the disaster area with their own ______ and actions.
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