专题06 阅读理解（议论文）（期中真题汇编，云南专用）高一英语上学期

专题06 阅读理解（议论文） 以下汇编的阅读理解D篇按三大主题分类排列： 主题01 人与社会 —— 科技创新、社会趋势、教育政策、媒体与社交 1.现代信息技术对生活方式的影响 难度：0.65 2.社交媒体对青少年友谊的影响 难度：0.65 3.政策制定与计划执行的心理机制 难度：0.65 4.社交活动对健康的影响 难度：0.65 5.观看体育比赛对心理健康的影响 难度：0.65 主题02 人与自我 —— 个人成长、健康生活、心理调适、学习策略 1.体育教育对青少年成长的重要性 难度：0.65 2.对数学恐惧的心理分析及应对方法 难度：0.65 3.参加学校俱乐部的益处 难度：0.65 4.失败如何转化为成功的机会 难度：0.65 5.运动对大脑认知功能的积极影响 难度：0.65 主题03 人与自然——可持续性与人与自然的关系 1.城市 vs. 郊区影响个人碳排放量，号召从小事做起，减少个人碳足迹 难度:0.65 主题01 人与社会 —— 科技创新、社会趋势、教育政策、媒体与社交 1.(23-24高一上·云南昭通云天化中学教研联盟·期中) While waiting in bus stations, airports or parks, some people are busy with a friendly conversation, and others read newspapers, comics (漫画), novels and pocket books. That was many years ago. Today everyone uses smartphones, desktop PCs and laptops at home, work and school. Exactly, it improves our communication, social media, entertainment and provides convenience to work. The computers, Internet, and smartphones have become part of our everyday life. However, the publishing houses suffer terrible losses, and the comics industry is out of business, for everyone goes dependent on digital gadget (小玩意). Especially in the COVID-19 times, the sales (销售) of PC, laptops and gadgets suddenly went up quickly. Because of health safety problems, people chose to shop online. Moreover, education happens through Online Distance Learning, which forced parents to buy desktops and smartphones. Yet behind the benefits and use of these modern gadgets is a sad reality. Many students lose the face-to-face conversation power, skills in public speaking, and social skills. Another problem is health. The young generation today spends so much time on gadgets inside homes. They don’t live the traditional healthy outdoor life. The result is eyesight problems and enjoying very little sunlight. For workers, too much exposure to video call meetings has damaged their health. What’s more, many of us are expected to continue working at home. Modern information technology (IT) has really affected our way of life. In the COVID-19 times, these products of modern technology have protected us from public exposure and direct interaction with people. However, its continuous use can also harm people’s health and interest. Thus, we should take control of IT application in our life and not allow IT to endanger our health and safety. 1．What is the purpose of Paragraph 1? A．To draw readers’ interest in traditional ways of life. B．To provide readers with a typical life scene many years ago. C．To give tips on how to make good use of our time while waiting for the bus. D．To serve as the background information of the text and lead to the topic of the text. 2．What do we know from the second paragraph? A．Laptop is more useful than a desktop computer. B．We are not able to work or study without computers. C．Information technology brings people many benefits. D．Without information technology, we can’t communicate. 3．What problem can IT gadgets cause according to the passage? A．Many students talk little face to face. B．Many publishing houses turn to IT business. C．Many parents are forced to learn to use IT gadgets. D．Many workers are out of work and have to stay inside. 4．Which is the best title of the text? A．How did COVID-19 affect IT? B．How do people make use of modern technology? C．How does modern information technology affect us? D．How did modern technology affect workers and our generation? 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要论述现代信息技术对人们的身心健康所造成的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“While waiting in bus stations, airports or parks, some people are busy with a friendly conversation, and others read newspapers, comics (漫画), novels and pocket books. That was many years ago. (在公共汽车站、机场或公园等候时，一些人正忙于进行友好的交谈，而另一些人则在阅读报纸、漫画、小说和袖珍书。那是很多年前的事了)”可知，首段介绍了很多年前的一幅生活场景，目的是提供背景信息，并导入主题——现代信息技术如何影响我们的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Today everyone uses smartphones, tablets and laptops at home, work and school. Exactly, it improves our communication, social media, entertainment and provides convenience to work. (今天，每个人在家里、工作和学校都使用智能手机、平板电脑和笔记本电脑。确切地说，它改善了我们的沟通、社交媒体、娱乐，并为工作提供了便利)”可知，信息技术给人们的生活带来很多好处。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Yet behind the benefits and use of these modern gadgets is a sad reality. Many students lose the face-to-face conversation power, skills in public speaking, and social skills. (然而，在这些现代设备的好处和使用背后，却是一个令人悲哀的现实。许多学生失去了面对面交谈的能力，公共演讲技巧和社交技巧)”可知，现代设备导致很多学生失去面对面会话的能力，他们几乎不进行面对面交流。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“Modern information technology (IT) has really affected our way of life. (现代信息技术确实影响了我们的生活方式)”可知，本文主要关于现代信息技术对我们的生活方方面面的影响，不仅有好的方面，也有坏的方面，所以本文总是在回答一个问题，即“现代信息技术如何影响我们？”。故选C。 2.(24-25高一上·云南昭通一中教研联盟·期中) Thirteen-year-old Kaylee has a lot of friends — 532, actually, if you count up her online friends. And she spends a lot of time with them. But is it possible that Kaylee’s online friendships could be making her lonely? That’s what some experts believe. Connecting online is a great way to stay in touch, they say. However, some experts worry that many kids are so busy connecting online that they might be missing out on true friendships. Could this be true? During your parents’ childhoods, connecting with friends usually meant spending time with them in the flesh. Kids played Scrabble around a table, not Words With Friends on their phones. When friends missed each other, they picked up the telephone. Friends might even write letters to each other. Today, most communication takes place online. A typical teen sends 2,000 texts a month and spends more than 44 hours per week in front of a screen. Much of this time is spent on social media platforms (平台) . In fact, in many ways, online communication can make friendships stronger, “There’s definitely a positive influence. Kids can stay in constant contact, which means they can share more of their feelings with each other,” says Katie Davis, co-author of The App Generation. Other experts, however, warn that too much online communication can get in the way of forming deep friendships. “If we are constantly checking in with our virtual words, we will have little time for our real-world friendships.” says Larry Rosen, a professor at California State University. Rosen also worries that today’s kids might mistake the“friends” on the social media for true friends in life. However, in tough times, you don’t need someone to like your picture or share your blogs. You need someone who will keep your secrets and hold your hand. You would like to talk face to face. 1．Why does the author mention Kaylee in Paragraph 1? A．To offer some advice to the readers. B．To introduce the topic of the text. C．To stress the importance of friendship. D．To show the main idea of the text. 2．How has communication changed compared to previous generations? A．Kids today think spending time with friends is real communication. B．Communicating online is more common nowadays. C．Children now write more letters to their friends. D．Children today communicate face-to-face more often. 3．What’s Larry Rosen’s attitude towards online communication? A．Positive. B．Unclear. C．Confused. D．Negative. 4．What’s the best title for this text? A．The Ways of Making True Friends B．The Impact of Social Media on Friendships C．The Benefits of Online Communication D．The Evolution of Friendship in the Digital Age 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．B 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了社交媒体对青少年友谊的影响。以Kaylee为例引出话题，一方面阐述了在线交流在保持联系、分享感受等方面对友谊有积极作用；另一方面指出过度依赖在线交流可能会阻碍深度友谊的形成，孩子们可能会错把社交媒体上的“朋友”当成真正的朋友。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Thirteen-year-old Kaylee has a lot of friends — 532, actually, if you count up her online friends. And she spends a lot of time with them.(13岁的Kaylee有很多朋友，如果你把她的网上朋友加起来，实际上有532个。她花了很多时间和他们在一起)”可知，作者以Kaylee有很多在线朋友且花很多时间和他们在一起为例，引出下文关于在线友谊是否会让人感到孤独以及对真正友谊的影响的讨论，即引出了文章的主题。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“During your parents’ childhoods, connecting with friends usually meant spending time with them in the flesh. Kids played Scrabble around a table, not Words With Friends on their phones. When friends missed each other, they picked up the telephone. Friends might even write letters to each other.(在你父母的童年时代，与朋友联系通常意味着花时间与他们在一起。孩子们围着桌子玩拼字游戏，而不是在手机上玩《Words With Friends》。当朋友们想念彼此时，他们会拿起电话。朋友们甚至可以互相写信)”以及第四段“Today, most communication takes place online. A typical teen sends 2,000 texts a month and spends more than 44 hours per week in front of a screen. Much of this time is spent on social media platforms (平台).(今天，大多数交流都是在网上进行的。一个典型的青少年每月发送2000条短信，每周花在屏幕前的时间超过44小时。大部分时间都花在了社交媒体平台上)”可知，与上一代人相比，现在在线交流更加普遍。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Other experts, however, warn that too much online communication can get in the way of forming deep friendships. “If we are constantly checking in with our virtual words, we will have little time for our real-world friendships.” says Larry Rosen, a professor at California State University. Rosen also worries that today’s kids might mistake the“friends” on the social media for true friends in life.(然而，其他专家警告说，过多的在线交流可能会阻碍深厚友谊的形成。“如果我们总是关注虚拟世界，我们就没有时间和现实世界的友谊在一起。加州州立大学教授拉里·罗森说。罗森还担心，如今的孩子可能会把社交媒体上的“朋友”误认为是生活中的真正朋友)”可知，拉里·罗森认为过多的在线交流可能会阻碍深度友谊的形成，孩子们可能会错把社交媒体上的“朋友”当成真正的朋友，由此推知，他对在线交流持否定态度。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要围绕社交媒体对友谊的影响展开讨论，既提到了在线交流对友谊的积极影响，也指出了可能存在的问题。B 选项“The Impact of Social Media on Friendships(社交媒体对友谊的影响)”符合文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B项。 3.(23-24高一上·云南昆明呈贡区昆三中教育集团·期中) People often plan to receive medical exam but don’t, resulting in increasing health care cost. A surprising number of citizens mean to complete tax forms in time but forget to, pushing them to pay unnecessary fines. Many families miss the government deadline to complete financial aid forms, losing out on aid available for child care. How can policymakers help people follow through on important tasks? They use carrots and sticks: bonuses, late fees, or regulations. These methods can be clumsy, and often aren’t effective for the situation at hand. Reminding people to form simple plans. however, provides a low-cost, simple, and powerful tool. Evidence is growing that providing prompts (提示) , which push people at key times to think through how and when they will follow through, make people more likely to act on tasks of importance. In one early randomized (随机的) study on vaccination (预防接种) rates, for example, a team of social psychologists showed that 28% of Oxford University seniors got the shot after being encouraged to review their weekly schedules and to select a possible time to stop by the health center. They were also given a list of times when shots were available and a map showing the health center’s location. Only 3% of the seniors got the shot when simply informed about how effective the shots were. People who make a plan gain an advantage from their psychological forces. Specifically, they can overcome the tendency to put off as well as the tendency to be overly optimistic about the time it will take to accomplish a task. People mistakenly believe that their strong intentions are enough to push them to perform desired behaviors. These psychological research results stress the need for policy decisions that encourage plan making and improve social welfare. 1．What phenomenon is described in paragraph 1? A．Heavy stress of daily chores. B．Short of task management skills. C．Disappointment of over-confidence. D．Failure to achieve original plans. 2．What does the randomized vaccination study show? A．People need to think deeply before they act. B．Specific reminders help people accomplish plans. C．Awareness of task importance matters in planning. D．Seniors need encouragement to have vaccination shots. 3．What psychological benefit can people get from making a plan? A．They are realistic in the time required B．They are optimistic about the results. C．They are confident to overcome difficulties D．They are careful with task arrangements. 4．Who may be the intended readers of this text? A．Medical staff. B．Government officials. C．Ordinary people. D．Social psychologists. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要围绕如何督促人们完成重要的任务展开了讨论并引用心理学研究结果证明了提前做好计划的优势，最后呼吁制定政策方考虑这些因素。 1．细节理解题。根据首段中的“People often plan to receive medical exam but don’t, resulting in increasing health care cost.(人们经常计划接受医疗检查，但没有，导致医疗费用增加。)”可知，人呢你计划去接受医疗检查，但最终没有去，导致医疗费用增加，结合下文中的“A surprising number of citizens mean to complete tax forms in time but forget to, pushing them to pay unnecessary fines. (数量惊人的公民本打算按时填写纳税表格，但却忘记了，这迫使他们支付不必要的罚款。)”可知，很多公民打算按时填写纳税表，结果却忘记了，导致不必要的罚款，综合以上信息可知，第一段描述了很多人经常没有完成最初计划的现象。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Evidence is growing that providing prompts (提示) , which push people at key times to think through how and when they will follow through, make people more likely to act on tasks of importance.(越来越多的证据表明，提供提示(在关键时刻促使人们思考他们将如何以及何时坚持到底)，使人们更有可能在重要任务上采取行动。)”可知，证据表明，提供必要的提示使人更有可能完成重要任务，进而在下文中列举了随机疫苗接种研究，由此可知，随机疫苗接种研究试验说明了必要的提示帮助人们完成任务。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“People who make a plan gain an advantage from their psychological forces. Specifically, they can overcome the tendency to put off as well as the tendency to be overly optimistic about the time it will take to accomplish a task.(制定计划的人会从他们的心理力量中获得优势。具体来说，他们可以克服拖延的倾向，也可以克服对完成任务所需时间过于乐观的倾向。)”可知，制定计划能帮助他们克服完成任务所需时间过于乐观的倾向，由此可知，他们对所需要的时间更现实。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“These psychological research results stress the need for policy decisions that encourage plan making and improve social welfare.(这些心理学研究结果强调了鼓励制定计划和改善社会福利的政策决定的必要性。)”可知，心理学研究结果强调了政策决定的必要性，鼓励人们去制定计划和改善社会福利，由此可知，本文应是呼吁政策制定者考虑这些策略帮助人们完成重要任务，所以本文的目的读者应是政府官员。故选B项。 4.(24-25高一上·云南镇康县第一中学·期中) Keeping a busy social life among lots of friends may keep people thinner than spending hours doing some exercises according to scientists. They say that socializing and meeting with friends help increase levels of brown fat in the body which burns calories to produce heat. Living in an exciting social environment was found to reduce fat of mice by half over four weeks even if they ate more. US researchers say that social excitement catalyzes weight loss by turning white fat into brown. White fat stores calories and makes us fatter while brown fat burns energy to produce heat. Turning white fat into brown is extremely difficult normally, requiring long-term stay in cold conditions or exciting part of the body’s nervous system. However, scientists from Ohio State University now think that having a busy social life is an even more effective way of changing white fat into brown. The team came up with their theory by studying the effects of various living environments on mice. Those who lived alongside a greater number of mice lost far more weight over the course of the study than their “couch potato” fellows. Study author Dr. Matthew, whose team’s findings appear in the journal, said, “I’m still amazed at the degree of fat loss that occurs.” Explaining how new technology had threatened face-to-face socializing, he added, “It’s not just a sedentary (久坐的) lifestyle and high-calorie foods but an increasing lack of social activities.” Co-author Dr. Lei Cao said, “Loneliness is a potential factor for cancer and death; it’s equal to cigarette smoking to a certain extent. Social activities are very vital.” 1．What information can we get from the first two paragraphs? A．Social excitement helps gain more weight. B．Brown fat can burn energy to produce heat. C．Brown fat stores calories and makes us fatter. D．It doesn’t take long to turn white fat into brown. 2．Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “catalyzes” in paragraph 2? A．Destroys. B．Relieves. C．Harms. D．Aids. 3．Which of the following statements does the text support? A．Dr. Matthew wasn’t convinced of the result. B．The mice lacking social life lose more weight. C．The research findings haven’t been published so far. D．Levels of brown fat can be increased by socializing. 4．We can conclude from the text that ______. A．cancer and death are mainly caused by lack of social life. B．the fat in mice’s belly was reduced because of the relaxing environment. C．surfing the Internet may influence people’s face-to-face communication. D．a sedentary lifestyle and high-calorie food influence people’s social life. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减肥的研究。科学家称社交和与朋友聚会有助于增加体内褐色脂肪的水平，这种脂肪通过燃烧卡路里产生热量；并且以小老鼠的例子告诉人们应该积极参加社交活动。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“US researchers say that social excitement catalyzes weight loss by turning white fat into brown. White fat stores calories and makes us fatter while brown fat burns energy to produce heat.(美国研究人员称，社交兴奋会把白色脂肪变成褐色脂肪，从而促进减肥。白色脂肪储存卡路里，使我们变胖，而褐色脂肪燃烧能量产生热量)”可知，褐色脂肪可以燃烧能量、产生热量。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段画线词下文“White fat stores calories and makes us fatter while brown fat burns energy to produce heat.(白色脂肪储存卡路里，使我们变胖，而褐色脂肪燃烧能量产生热量)”可知，褐色脂肪能燃烧能量，帮助减少体重。由此可推知，catalyzes应是“帮助”之意，与D项意思相近。故选 D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, scientists from Ohio State University now think that having a busy social life is an even more effective way of changing white fat into brown.(然而，俄亥俄州立大学的科学家们现在认为，忙碌的社交生活是将白色脂肪转化为褐色脂肪的更有效方式)”可知，文章支持社交活动可以增提高褐色脂肪的水平的说法。故选 D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Explaining how new technology had threatened face-to-face socializing, he added, “It’s not just a sedentary (久坐的) lifestyle and high-calorie foods but an increasing lack of social activities.”(在解释新技术如何威胁到面对面的社交活动时，他补充说：“这不仅仅是久坐不动的生活方式和高热量的食物，而是越来越缺乏社交活动。”)”可知，科技威胁到了我们面对面的社交活动。由此可推知，上网可能会影响人们面对面的交流。故选C。 5.(24-25高一上·云南昭通一中教研联盟·期中) If you’re a sports fan, you may be familiar with the emotional ups and downs that comes with watching sports. Whether you’re part of a crowd in a stadium, or just watching at home on TV, it’s easy to get caught up in the highs and the lows when you celebrate or disappoint with your favorite team or athlete. Those feelings are so strong, in fact, that a study from Croatia, published in PubMed, showed that the emotional stress during a football match increased the risk of a cardiovascular (心血管的) incident. But can watching sports be good for you too? The evidence suggests that people who watch live sporting events experience greater wellbeing than those who don’t. A study published in Frontiers in Public Health by the Anglia Ruskin University in the UK, found sports audience felt less lonely and had higher scores for life satisfaction. Lead author Helen Keys said in a press release, “Watching live sport of all types provides many opportunities for social interaction and this helps to strengthen group identity (身份) and belonging.” She says this then reduces loneliness and improve wellbeing. But, if for any reason you aren’t passionate about going to live events, don’t worry! Watching sports on TV or on the Internet may also have positive effects, according to a 2021 study by Tsuji and colleagues. They found that older adults who watched sports were less likely to have depressive symptoms (抑郁症状) than those who didn’t. On top of that, the sports audience tended to have richer social networks (社交网络) than those who aren’t. The authors suggest that the social networks you get through watching sports may lower the risk of depressive symptoms. So, the cheers at a live sports event or even casual chit-chat (闲聊) with friends about your favorite team can bring companionship and may reduce loneliness and depression. It seems the health benefits of sports are not limited to physical activity through joining in them, but that we can benefit in our general wellbeing through social bonding. 1．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To lead in the topic of this passage. B．To prove the risks of watching sports. C．To stress the importance of heart health. D．To show the emotional changes during a football match. 2．Which of the following is not the benefit of watching sports? A．Lower risk of depression. B．Less feeling of loneliness. C．More content with life. D．Richer group identities. 3．What can we know about Helen Keys? A．She used to work as an editor in PubMed. B．She wrote many novels about sports. C．She led the research on watching live sports. D．She liked watching sports at home on TV. 4．Which might the author agree with according to the passage? A．Only by taking part in sports can we feel positive. B．What matters about sports is chit-chat with friends. C．Live sports in stadium result in serious heart problems. D．Health benefits of sports can also come from bonding. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了看体育比赛能够带来的益处。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话“But can watching sports be good for you too?(但是看体育比赛对你也有好处吗？)”及全文可知，本段在于引出文章话题。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Watching live sport of all types provides many opportunities for social interaction and this helps to strengthen group identity (身份) and belonging.(看多样的现场体育运动能够提供社会交往的机会，帮助增强群体身份和归属感。)”可知，并不是拥有多样的群体身份。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“A study published in Frontiers in Public Health by the Anglia Ruskin University in the UK, found sports audience felt less lonely and had higher scores for life satisfaction. Lead author Helen Keys said in a press release, “Watching live sport of all types provides many opportunities for social interaction and this helps to strengthen group identity (身份) and belonging.” (英国安格利亚鲁斯金大学发表在《公共卫生前沿》杂志上的一项研究发现，看体育比赛的人感觉不那么孤独，生活满意度也更高。该研究的主要作者Helen Keys在一次新闻发布会上说：“观看各种类型的体育直播提供了许多社交互动的机会，这有助于加强群体认同和归属感。”)”可知，Helen Keys是这个研究的首席作者，也就是她领导了观看体育直播的研究。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It seems the health benefits of sports are not limited to physical activity through joining in them, but that we can benefit in our general wellbeing through social bonding. (运动对健康的益处似乎不仅限于通过参加体育活动，而且我们可以通过社会纽带使我们的整体健康受益。)”可知，体育能够让人们通过社交联系获益。故选D。 主题02 人与自我 —— 个人成长、健康生活、心理调适、学习策略 1.(24-25高一上·云南凤庆县第一中学·期中) Physical education, or gym class, isn’t required for all high school students. In some schools, it isn’t offered for some different reasons. But should high school students have physical education? The answer is certainly “yes”. Today many people don’t do sports. But as is known to all, doing sports is very important for an adult. Teaching teens the importance of a healthy lifestyle and making fitness plans now can help teens put exercise in the first place as an adult. High school isn’t that easy. Many students are under a lot of stress. Stress can be harmful to a student’s studies and life. Doing sports can help them deal with stress better, helping them live a happier life at school. The American Heart Association says that 10 million kids and teens suffer from obesity (肥胖症). Teens should get 60 minutes of physical activity per day to control their weight and to help their bones get stronger. The increase in activities that don’t get teens to move around, such as video games and computer activities, means many teens don’t get their required exercise. Physical education classes act as a public health measure to encourage activities and help teens have healthy weights. Inactivity increases teens’ risk of developing many diseases. An active lifestyle offers a good way of protection from these health problems. As much as 75 percent of health-care spending goes towards treating medical conditions that can be hindered by lifestyle changes, according to the American College of Sports Medicine. According to the President’s Council on Fitness, Sports and Nutrition (PCFSN), students who performed five hours of physical activity each week improved their academic (学业的) performance. Students from programs with no physical activity, who used the extra time for classroom study, did not perform better on tests than those who gave up some study time in support of physical education. 1．According to paragraph 2, what does physical education in high school mean? A．Helping teens learn to make good plans. B．Making teens think much of exercise later. C．Removing the stress faced by teens at school. D．Getting teens to encourage adults to exercise. 2．What does the underlined word “hindered” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Measured. B．Prevented. C．Shown. D．Caused. 3．According to the PCFSN, doing sports ________. A．helps students do better in their studies B．helps students make good use of all their time C．means students adjust to their environment better D．means making students choose between sports and studies 4．What is the text mainly about? A．How high school students can live a better life. B．How schools can help students love doing sports. C．Why physical education can relieve students’ stress. D．Why high school students should receive physical education. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了高中生为什么应该接受体育教育。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“But as is known to all, doing sports is very important for an adult. Teaching teens the importance of a healthy lifestyle and making fitness plans now can help teens put exercise in the first place as an adult. (但众所周知，做运动对成年人来说是非常重要的。教育青少年健康生活方式的重要性，制定健身计划，可以帮助青少年在成年后把锻炼放在首位)”可知，高中体育课可以帮助青少年重视以后的锻炼。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词前“An active lifestyle offers a good way of protection from these health problems. As much as 75 percent of health-care spending goes toward treating medical conditions (积极的生活方式是避免这些健康问题的好方法。高达75%的医疗保健支出用于治疗疾病)”及空后“by lifestyle changes (通过生活方式的改变)”可知，积极的生活方式可以避免一些健康问题，故改变生活方式可以阻止疾病。hindered意为“阻碍，妨碍”。A. Measured测量，估量；B. Prevented阻止；C. Shown表明，显示；D. Caused导致。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“According to the President’s Council on Fitness, Sports and Nutrition (PCFSN), students who performed five hours of physical activity each week improved their academic performance. (根据总统健身、运动和营养委员会(PCFSN)的数据，每周进行五小时体育活动的学生提高了他们的学习成绩)”可知，做运动意味着帮助学生在学习上做得更好。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Physical education, or gym class, isn’t required for all high school students. In some schools, it isn’t offered for some different reasons. But should high school students have physical education? The answer is certainly “yes”(体育，或者说体育课，并非是所有高中生的必修课。在一些学校，由于种种不同原因甚至都不开设体育课。但是高中生应该上体育课吗？答案当然是“应该”)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍了高中生为什么应该接受体育教育。故选D。 2.(24-25高一上·云南昭通一中教研联盟·期中) Should We Fear Maths? How good are you at maths? Some people love the challenge of it or enjoy working out number games. Maths is all around us, from working out how to share the bill after a meal, to making your household bills clear. But many feel afraid of the moment when they have to deal with numbers and feel a real sense of worry and disorder. It can seem apprehensive, but this “maths fear” is perfectly common, and you're definitely not alone. You need to know our worries and fears don't necessarily show our ability. The problem really starts in childhood, at school. Research has found that maths teachers who are nervous about teaching the subject can pass on their fear to the pupils, and girls may be more likely to be influenced. The Programme for International Student Assessment (评估) found around 31% of 15 and 16-year-olds across 34 countries said they got very nervous doing maths problems,33% said they felt uneasy doing maths homework, and nearly 60% said they were worried that maths classes would be difficult. Shulamit Kahn, from Boston University's Questrom School of Business, told the BBC she believes giving students, particularly girls, good role models is important, especially at a young age. She thinks the key is to get people who love teaching maths, especially women, to help younger children. Writing for BBC Future, David Robson says, “It's not clear why maths brings so much fear compared to geography. But the fact that there's a right or wrong answer might make you more worried about underperforming (表现不佳) .”And once we think we're not a“maths person”,we avoid solving things that we probably could do. The fear on maths may appear due to many reasons, but some suggest that we encourage children to see a maths test as a challenge, not a threat (威胁). That means we need to think of the good sides of maths. 1．What does the underlined word mean in the 1st paragraph? A．Fearful. B．Difficult. C．Pressing. D．Enjoyable. 2．What can we infer from the 2nd paragraph? A．Girls are better at maths than boys when they are in their childhood. B．Giving more pressure to the girls is the key to good performance for them. C．Maths teachers who are nervous about teaching the subject are good at teaching. D．Maths teachers' performance influences students' performance in maths class. 3．How should teachers help the children who fear maths according to the last paragraph? A．Encourage them to see maths tests as threats. B．Encourage them to do more maths problems. C．Encourage them to think of the good sides of maths. D．Encourage them to ask more questions about maths problems. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．An educational magazine. B．A book advertisement. C．A personal diary. D．A travel guide. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇关于人们对数学恐惧的议论文。文章探讨了对数学恐惧的普遍性、产生的原因（如教师的影响、数学答案的确定性等），并提出了一些应对数学恐惧的建议，如鼓励孩子将数学测试视为挑战而非威胁等。 1．词义猜测题。根据第一段中“But many feel afraid of the moment when they have to deal with numbers and feel a real sense of worry and disorder.(但许多人在面对数字时感到害怕，感到真正的担忧和混乱。)”以及划线单词句中“…but this “maths fear” is perfectly common, and you’re definitely not alone.(…… 但其实很常见，而且你绝对不是一个人)” 可知，很多人在面对数字时感到害怕、担忧和混乱，这种 “数学恐惧”很常见，所以“apprehensive” 与“Fearful”意思相近，意为“害怕的，担忧的”。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Research has found that maths teachers who are nervous about teaching the subject can pass on their fear to the pupils, and girls may be more likely to be influenced.(研究发现，在教授数学时感到紧张的数学老师会把他们的恐惧传递给学生，而女孩可能更容易受到影响。)”可知，对教学感到紧张的数学老师会把这种恐惧传递给学生，女孩可能更容易受到影响。这表明数学老师的表现会影响学生在数学课上的表现。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The fear on maths may appear due to many reasons, but some suggest that we encourage children to see a maths test as a challenge, not a threat (威胁). That means we need to think of the good sides of maths.( 对数学的恐惧可能有很多原因，但有些人认为我们应该鼓励孩子把数学考试视为挑战，而不是威胁。这意味着我们需要想到数学好的一面。)”可知，对于害怕数学的孩子，老师应该鼓励他们将数学测试视为挑战，而不是威胁，即鼓励他们想想数学的好处。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了人们对数学的恐惧以及产生这种恐惧的原因和应对方法，与教育相关。由此可推知，这篇文章最有可能来自一本教育杂志。故选A项。 3.(23-24高一上·云南上海师范大学附属官渡实验中学·期中) Besides, joining a club can make students use their free time wisely. Most teens go to schools, then go back home and spend the rest of the day in front of a screen. Teens are also very likely to fall into the wrong crowd, which could lead to some bad results. Clubs are good places to spend time with good people to fall back on. The most important reason why you should join a club is the long-term benefits ( 益 处 ) it brings.The classroom isn’t the only learning environment in a school. The skills you learn in clubs are necessary ones that can be used in everyday life, which I think is the final goal of joining a club. Things such as meeting and speaking to new people, making the most of time, and being organized are those you will meet every single day of your life, but you can learn all of them in clubs. So if you haven’t joined a school club yet, you know what you should do now. 1．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “profit”in paragraph 1? A．Cheer up. B．Go against. C．Make use of. D．Be good for. 2．What do colleges think highly of according to the text? A．The number of clubs you have joined. B．The strong relationships you have built. C．The bright personality you have developed. D．The similar interests you share with other students. 3．What is the best title for the text? A．Why Should You Join a Club? B．What Club Should You Join? C．How Can You Join a Club You Like? D．Should You Join a Second Club? 4．In which section of a magazine may this text appear? A．Health. B．School life. C．Culture. D．Social work. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍了对于一名刚进高中生的学生，学校有很多俱乐部，加入学校俱乐部对高中生活学习有很大的好处。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“After entering high school, you may find there are many clubs at your school. You may think you’re too busy to join one.(进入高中后，你会发现学校里有很多俱乐部。你可能觉得自己太忙了，没时间参加)”以及“But as a former high school student, I can tell you joining a school club can greatly”可知but表示转折，说明参加俱乐部是有好处的。故划线词意思是“对……有好处”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Outgoing is considered a very good quality which shows that you are determined and ready to put yourself out there and best of all try new things. Furthermore, it can help you develop skills that can serve you during future college interviews.(外向被认为是一种很好的品质，这表明你有决心，准备好把自己放在那里，最好的是尝试新事物。此外，它可以帮助你培养在未来大学面试中有用的技能)”可知，大学重视你培养出的活力个性。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据第一段“After entering high school, you may find there are many clubs at your school. You may think you’re too busy to join one. But as a former high school student, I can tell you joining a school club can greatly profit you.(进入高中后，你会发现学校里有很多俱乐部。你可能觉得自己太忙了，没时间参加。但作为一名高中毕业生，我可以告诉你，参加学校社团对你大有裨益)”结合文章主要说明了参加俱乐部的好处。故A选项“你为什么要加入一个俱乐部？”最符合文章标题。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“After entering high school, you may find there are many clubs at your school. You may think you’re too busy to join one. But as a former high school student, I can tell you joining a school club can greatly profit you.(进入高中后，你会发现学校里有很多俱乐部。你可能觉得自己太忙了，没时间参加。但作为一名高中毕业生，我可以告诉你，参加学校社团对你大有裨益)”可推知，这篇文章可以出现在杂志的学校生活部分。故选B。 4.(23-24高一上·云南昭通一中教研联盟·期中) “When life gives you lemons, make lemonade (柠檬水).” It is a good saying, but life throws at us more serious problems than lemons, doesn’t it? What do we do when we lose a family member? What do we do when we have been through events that leave us feelings? Can any failure be turned into success? Most of us realize we can learn one or two things from failure. When we fail, we think, “Well, I won’t try that again! ”or “I won’t trust anyone again! ”But this is not useful learning. It is suggested that we ask challenging questions. For example, “How could I try that again?” There are a lot we can learn and get from failure if we keep asking good questions on how to do better next time. Failure or pain can be good for developing our character if we choose to face it in a positive way. Our own suffering often makes us understand others better. It can give us wisdom or knowledge to share with others, which can prevent them from similar failure. If we have been hurt by others because of another person’s poor character, it may improve us to be better persons. Failures can make us experience many things that we didn’t experience before. If you lose your job, it doesn’t mean you lose everything and probably you may get more. As we know, no job often leads to self employment; no job has been the beginning of many highly successful businesses. It is common that we don’t like changing, but change, even unfortunate change, brings new opportunities. Sometimes only failure brings us better opportunities or greater success. 1．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 means that ________. A．any lemons can be made into lemonade B．problems always bring us lots of trouble C．problems can never be avoided in our life D．failure can also be turned into a success 2．The 2nd paragraph mainly tells us that ________. A．We should learn more when we fail B．We must be careful to trust anyone C．We must ask questions when we fail D．We should deal with failure positively 3．According to the writer, if you were hurt by another person, you should ________. A．avoid hurting others in the same way B．find a better way to hurt him bravely C．try to prevent him from hurting others D．thank him for making you more perfect 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Failure Decides success B．Failure Creates Opportunities C．Failure Brings Everything D．Failure Makes a Perfect Person 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．B 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述的是人生中有很多的失败，但有时候，只有失败才能给我们带来更好的机会或更大的成功。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线句子后的“It is a good saying, but life throws at us more serious problems than lemons, doesn’t it? What do we do when we lose a family member? What do we do when we have been through events that leave us feelings? Can any failure be turned into success?(这句话很好，但生活给我们带来的问题比柠檬更严重，不是吗？失去亲人时我们该怎么办？当我们经历了让我们有感觉的事情时，我们会怎么做？任何失败都能转化为成功吗？)”可知，作者以谚语引出本文讲述的话题，同时，利用一系列的问题对此进行解释，生活给我们的问题比柠檬严重，任何失败都会转化为成功吗？作者对此产生疑问，进而展开本文的论述。由此可猜测，划线句子应是一个观点“失败能转化为成功”。故选D项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Most of us realize we can learn one or two things from failure.(我们大多数人都意识到我们可以从失败中学到一两件事)”可知，人们都意识到我们可以从失败中学到一两件事，结合尾句“There are a lot we can learn and get from failure if we keep asking good questions on how to do better next time.(我们可以从失败中学到很多东西，如果我们不断问一些好问题，下次如何做得更好)”可知，我们要失败后不断地问自己一些好的问题。由此可知，本段讲述的是我们失败的时候，要积极处理自己的失败。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Our own suffering often makes us understand others better. (我们自己的苦难常常使我们更好地理解别人)”可知，作者认为，如果我们自己遭遇了不行会让我们更好的理解别人，结合下文中的“If we have been hurt by others because of another person’s poor character, it may improve us to be better persons.(如果我们曾经因为别人的品行不好而受到别人的伤害，这也许会使我们变得更好)”可推断，如果我们受到了别人的伤害，我们会更好的理解其他人，我们从别人对我们的伤害中学到伤害别人不是好的行为，所以我们就不会再去伤害别人。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Can any failure be turned into success?(任何失败都能转化为成功吗？)”可知，作者用提问的方式展开本文的论述，结合下文中作者论述的如何面对失败以及失败给我们带来的好处以及尾段中的“Sometimes only failure brings us better opportunities or greater success.(有时候，只有失败才能给我们带来更好的机会或更大的成功)”可知，有时候，只有失败会带给我们更好的机会或更大的成功，所以本文主要论述的是失败可以创造更多的机会。由此可知，“失败创造更多机会”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B项。 5.(23-24高一上·云南大理下关第一中学·期中) If you think running is just great for the body, then think again. Scientists have found that the sport not only keeps people fit but also improves your brain power. The researchers found that people who keep fit were more likely to have larger brains, better memories, and clearer thinking. They also found that unfit people tended to have smaller brains and reduced cognitive(认知的)skills. The findings add to a growing pile of evidence which links exercise with helping protect the brain against ageing and helping it replace dying cells. This might reduce the risk of many illnesses and diseases such as Alzheimer’s(阿尔茨海默症). One research paper within its latest issue sees scientists at Kentucky University putting 30 adults aged 59-69 on a running machine. Their heart and lung capacity were measured, and an MRI scanner was used to assess the blood flow to their brains. Those who were less fit had smaller brains compared to the fitter volunteers who had larger brains. Scientists in Germany followed 21 adults aged between 60-77. As they went through a three-month fitness program, they saw improvements in their memory. Researchers are not yet sure why exercise helps to protect brain cells but some research in mice has produced results. Mice, examined at the National Institute on Ageing, in Baltimore, found that cells in the hippocampus(海马体), an area of the brain used for memory, were actively reproducing while their fatter peers were in decline. Linda Clare, a professor of clinical psychology of ageing and dementia(痴呆)at Exeter University and a member of the Global Council on Brain Health told The Sunday Times: “Moderate intensity aerobic(有氧的)exercise such as walking, cycling or running can produce beneficial changes in brain structure and function.” 1．Which of the following about the research findings is TRUE? A．Healthy people probably have larger brains and better memories. B．Unfit people tend to have smaller brains and better cognitive skills. C．There’s much evidence shows that exercise contributes to brain aging. D．Exercise can keep people from all the illnesses and diseases. 2．What do we know about Professor Linda Clare? A．She once did research on the hippocampus of mice. B．She first found exercise improves brain power. C．She treats illnesses of ageing and dementia. D．She thinks aerobic exercise does good to the brain. 3．Where does this text probably come from? A．A TV Interview. B．A Health Paper. C．A Research Magazine. D．A Running Poster. 4．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To discuss some good ways to keep healthy. B．To tell people sport improves our brain power. C．To stress the importance of doing sports. D．To introduce ways of improving our memories. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍研究发现运动不仅可以让人保持健康，还可以提高人们的脑力。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The researchers found that people who keep fit were more likely to have larger brains, better memories, and clearer thinking.”（研究人员发现，保持健康的人更有可能拥有更大的大脑、更好的记忆力和更清晰的思维）可知，研究发现健康的人可能有更大的大脑和更好的记忆力。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据最后一段Linda Clare对《星期日泰晤士报》说的话“Moderate intensity aerobic (有氧的)exercise such as walking, cycling or running can produce beneficial changes in brain structure and function.”（散步、骑自行车或跑步等中等强度的有氧运动可以对大脑结构和功能产生有益的变化）可知，琳达·克莱尔教授认为有氧运动对大脑有好处。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Scientists have found that the sport not only keeps people fit but also improves your brain power.”（科学家们发现，这项运动不仅能让人保持健康，还能提高你的脑力）结合下文用研究结果和实验来说明运动还可以提高人的脑力推知，由此可知文章来源于研究杂志。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Scientists have found that the sport not only keeps people fit but also improves your brain power.”（科学家们发现，这项运动不仅能让人保持健康，还能提高你的脑力）以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了运动不仅可以让人保持健康，还可以提高人们的脑力，由此可知，本文的写作目的是告诉人们运动可以提高你的脑力。故选B项。 主题03 人与自然——可持续性与人与自然的关系 1.（24-25高一上·云南省丽江市第一高级中学·期中） How crowded your neighborhood is can affect the health of our planet, a new study finds. Scientists measured the effect that people have on the environment using a carbon footprint. That footprint reflects the amount of carbon dioxide (二氧化碳)—a greenhouse gas—that is sent into the atmosphere because of people’s daily activities. Carbon footprints tend to be low for citizens. Living in a suburb (郊区) outside a city, however, can be opposite. People living in the city centers have low carbon footprints, the researchers found. “It is much easier to have a low carbon effect if your home is close to where you work, shop and play,” explains Jones. Living within walking or biking distance cuts back on the amount of carbon dioxide compared with moving people by cars. And cities with bus and subway networks allow people to travel great distances while keeping the amount of greenhouse gases low. Not everyone can afford to live in the city, however. Suburbs offer more space, allowing people to build larger homes. Suburbs may offer better schools to kids. But those homes are usually far away from where owners work, play or learn. So people who live in suburbs often drive long distances. The average household in a large city sends out about 40 tons of carbon dioxide per year. The average suburban household, however, sends out close to 50 tons of carbon dioxide per year. The new findings are an important contribution to climate research. They would give scientists a better understanding of how culture might mix with locations to influence our carbon footprints. You may not have any control over the location of your home. Still, everyone can take steps to reduce their carbon footprints. That’s because how much we pollute is influenced not just by where we live, but also by how we live. To reduce your footprints, start small. Turn off lights when they’re not in use. Recycle or reuse things instead of throwing them away. And as people get used to making small changes, the leap to bigger ones will get easier. 1．Why do people living in suburbs have higher carbon footprints? A．Because they often drive to work, play or do other things. B．Because their homes take up too much space. C．Because they often use buses and subways to travel great distances. D．Because they have to send their kids to schools by car. 2．How are Paragraphs 3 to 5 mainly developed? A．By giving examples. B．By making comparisons. C．By following time order. D．By explaining processes. 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．People living in big cities produce more carbon dioxide. B．Culture plays the most important role in influencing the environment. C．Any process of making new products may pollute the environment. D．One’s small step can make a big difference to the environment. 4．In which part of a website may this passage appear? A．Health. B．Sports. C．Culture. D．Environment. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讲述最近的研究结果表明住在城市还是郊区决定碳排放量，详细阐释了导致碳排放不同的原因，号召读者从小事做起，减少碳排放。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Living within walking or biking distance cuts back on the amount of carbon dioxide compared with moving people by cars.(与开车出行相比，住在步行或骑自行车的距离内可以减少二氧化碳的排放量。)”和第四段中的“But those homes are usually far away from where owners work, play or learn. So people who live in suburbs often drive long distances.(但这些房子通常远离业主工作、玩耍或学习的地方。所以住在郊区的人经常开长途车。)”可推知，由于住在郊区的人需要开车去工作、玩耍或做其他事情，所以他们会产生更高的碳足迹。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Living within walking or biking distance cuts back on the amount of carbon dioxide compared with moving people by cars. And cities with bus and subway networks allow people to travel great distances while keeping the amount of greenhouse gases low.(与开车出行相比，住在步行或骑自行车的距离内可以减少二氧化碳的排放量。拥有公交和地铁网络的城市允许人们长途旅行，同时保持低温室气体排放量。)”和第四段中的“Suburbs offer more space, allowing people to build larger homes. Suburbs may offer better schools to kids. But those homes are usually far away from where owners work, play or learn. So people who live in suburbs often drive long distances.(郊区提供了更多的空间，允许人们建造更大的房子。郊区可以为孩子们提供更好的学校。但这些房子通常远离业主工作、玩耍或学习的地方。所以住在郊区的人经常开长途车。)”可知，第三、四段对比了城市和郊区的居住环境和出行方式；根据第五段“The average household in a large city sends out about 40 tons of carbon dioxide per year. The average suburban household, however, sends out close to 50 tons of carbon dioxide per year.(一个大城市的普通家庭每年排放约40吨二氧化碳。然而，郊区家庭平均每年排放近50吨二氧化碳。)”可知，第五段用具体数据对比了大城市普通家庭和普通郊区家庭每年的二氧化碳排放量。由此可推测出，第三、四、五段用对比的写作方式。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“And as people get used to making small changes, the leap to bigger ones will get easier.(随着人们习惯于做出微小的改变，向更大的改变转变将变得更容易。)”可推知，人们的一小步可以对环境产生大的影响。故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段首句“How crowded your neighborhood is can affect the health of our planet, a new study finds.(一项新的研究发现，你的社区有多拥挤会影响我们星球的健康。)”引出话题，社区的拥挤程度会影响地球环境。本文围绕环境展开论述，讲述了市区的碳足迹比郊区低并解释了其背后的原因，最后号召大家从小处做起，减少碳足迹。由此可推测出，这篇文章最有可能出现在网站上的环境模块。故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 阅读理解（议论文） 以下汇编的阅读理解D篇按三大主题分类排列： 主题01 人与社会 —— 科技创新、社会趋势、教育政策、媒体与社交 1.现代信息技术对生活方式的影响 难度：0.65 2.社交媒体对青少年友谊的影响 难度：0.65 3.政策制定与计划执行的心理机制 难度：0.65 4.社交活动对健康的影响 难度：0.65 5.观看体育比赛对心理健康的影响 难度：0.65 主题02 人与自我 —— 个人成长、健康生活、心理调适、学习策略 1.体育教育对青少年成长的重要性 难度：0.65 2.对数学恐惧的心理分析及应对方法 难度：0.65 3.参加学校俱乐部的益处 难度：0.65 4.失败如何转化为成功的机会 难度：0.65 5.运动对大脑认知功能的积极影响 难度：0.65 主题03 人与自然——可持续性与人与自然的关系 1.城市 vs. 郊区影响个人碳排放量，号召从小事做起，减少个人碳足迹 难度:0.65 主题01 人与社会 —— 科技创新、社会趋势、教育政策、媒体与社交 1.(23-24高一上·云南昭通云天化中学教研联盟·期中) While waiting in bus stations, airports or parks, some people are busy with a friendly conversation, and others read newspapers, comics (漫画), novels and pocket books. That was many years ago. Today everyone uses smartphones, desktop PCs and laptops at home, work and school. Exactly, it improves our communication, social media, entertainment and provides convenience to work. The computers, Internet, and smartphones have become part of our everyday life. However, the publishing houses suffer terrible losses, and the comics industry is out of business, for everyone goes dependent on digital gadget (小玩意). Especially in the COVID-19 times, the sales (销售) of PC, laptops and gadgets suddenly went up quickly. Because of health safety problems, people chose to shop online. Moreover, education happens through Online Distance Learning, which forced parents to buy desktops and smartphones. Yet behind the benefits and use of these modern gadgets is a sad reality. Many students lose the face-to-face conversation power, skills in public speaking, and social skills. Another problem is health. The young generation today spends so much time on gadgets inside homes. They don’t live the traditional healthy outdoor life. The result is eyesight problems and enjoying very little sunlight. For workers, too much exposure to video call meetings has damaged their health. What’s more, many of us are expected to continue working at home. Modern information technology (IT) has really affected our way of life. In the COVID-19 times, these products of modern technology have protected us from public exposure and direct interaction with people. However, its continuous use can also harm people’s health and interest. Thus, we should take control of IT application in our life and not allow IT to endanger our health and safety. 1．What is the purpose of Paragraph 1? A．To draw readers’ interest in traditional ways of life. B．To provide readers with a typical life scene many years ago. C．To give tips on how to make good use of our time while waiting for the bus. D．To serve as the background information of the text and lead to the topic of the text. 2．What do we know from the second paragraph? A．Laptop is more useful than a desktop computer. B．We are not able to work or study without computers. C．Information technology brings people many benefits. D．Without information technology, we can’t communicate. 3．What problem can IT gadgets cause according to the passage? A．Many students talk little face to face. B．Many publishing houses turn to IT business. C．Many parents are forced to learn to use IT gadgets. D．Many workers are out of work and have to stay inside. 4．Which is the best title of the text? A．How did COVID-19 affect IT? B．How do people make use of modern technology? C．How does modern information technology affect us? D．How did modern technology affect workers and our generation? 2.(24-25高一上·云南昭通一中教研联盟·期中) Thirteen-year-old Kaylee has a lot of friends — 532, actually, if you count up her online friends. And she spends a lot of time with them. But is it possible that Kaylee’s online friendships could be making her lonely? That’s what some experts believe. Connecting online is a great way to stay in touch, they say. However, some experts worry that many kids are so busy connecting online that they might be missing out on true friendships. Could this be true? During your parents’ childhoods, connecting with friends usually meant spending time with them in the flesh. Kids played Scrabble around a table, not Words With Friends on their phones. When friends missed each other, they picked up the telephone. Friends might even write letters to each other. Today, most communication takes place online. A typical teen sends 2,000 texts a month and spends more than 44 hours per week in front of a screen. Much of this time is spent on social media platforms (平台) . In fact, in many ways, online communication can make friendships stronger, “There’s definitely a positive influence. Kids can stay in constant contact, which means they can share more of their feelings with each other,” says Katie Davis, co-author of The App Generation. Other experts, however, warn that too much online communication can get in the way of forming deep friendships. “If we are constantly checking in with our virtual words, we will have little time for our real-world friendships.” says Larry Rosen, a professor at California State University. Rosen also worries that today’s kids might mistake the“friends” on the social media for true friends in life. However, in tough times, you don’t need someone to like your picture or share your blogs. You need someone who will keep your secrets and hold your hand. You would like to talk face to face. 1．Why does the author mention Kaylee in Paragraph 1? A．To offer some advice to the readers. B．To introduce the topic of the text. C．To stress the importance of friendship. D．To show the main idea of the text. 2．How has communication changed compared to previous generations? A．Kids today think spending time with friends is real communication. B．Communicating online is more common nowadays. C．Children now write more letters to their friends. D．Children today communicate face-to-face more often. 3．What’s Larry Rosen’s attitude towards online communication? A．Positive. B．Unclear. C．Confused. D．Negative. 4．What’s the best title for this text? A．The Ways of Making True Friends B．The Impact of Social Media on Friendships C．The Benefits of Online Communication D．The Evolution of Friendship in the Digital Age 3.(23-24高一上·云南昆明呈贡区昆三中教育集团·期中) People often plan to receive medical exam but don’t, resulting in increasing health care cost. A surprising number of citizens mean to complete tax forms in time but forget to, pushing them to pay unnecessary fines. Many families miss the government deadline to complete financial aid forms, losing out on aid available for child care. How can policymakers help people follow through on important tasks? They use carrots and sticks: bonuses, late fees, or regulations. These methods can be clumsy, and often aren’t effective for the situation at hand. Reminding people to form simple plans. however, provides a low-cost, simple, and powerful tool. Evidence is growing that providing prompts (提示) , which push people at key times to think through how and when they will follow through, make people more likely to act on tasks of importance. In one early randomized (随机的) study on vaccination (预防接种) rates, for example, a team of social psychologists showed that 28% of Oxford University seniors got the shot after being encouraged to review their weekly schedules and to select a possible time to stop by the health center. They were also given a list of times when shots were available and a map showing the health center’s location. Only 3% of the seniors got the shot when simply informed about how effective the shots were. People who make a plan gain an advantage from their psychological forces. Specifically, they can overcome the tendency to put off as well as the tendency to be overly optimistic about the time it will take to accomplish a task. People mistakenly believe that their strong intentions are enough to push them to perform desired behaviors. These psychological research results stress the need for policy decisions that encourage plan making and improve social welfare. 1．What phenomenon is described in paragraph 1? A．Heavy stress of daily chores. B．Short of task management skills. C．Disappointment of over-confidence. D．Failure to achieve original plans. 2．What does the randomized vaccination study show? A．People need to think deeply before they act. B．Specific reminders help people accomplish plans. C．Awareness of task importance matters in planning. D．Seniors need encouragement to have vaccination shots. 3．What psychological benefit can people get from making a plan? A．They are realistic in the time required B．They are optimistic about the results. C．They are confident to overcome difficulties D．They are careful with task arrangements. 4．Who may be the intended readers of this text? A．Medical staff. B．Government officials. C．Ordinary people. D．Social psychologists. 4.(24-25高一上·云南镇康县第一中学·期中) Keeping a busy social life among lots of friends may keep people thinner than spending hours doing some exercises according to scientists. They say that socializing and meeting with friends help increase levels of brown fat in the body which burns calories to produce heat. Living in an exciting social environment was found to reduce fat of mice by half over four weeks even if they ate more. US researchers say that social excitement catalyzes weight loss by turning white fat into brown. White fat stores calories and makes us fatter while brown fat burns energy to produce heat. Turning white fat into brown is extremely difficult normally, requiring long-term stay in cold conditions or exciting part of the body’s nervous system. However, scientists from Ohio State University now think that having a busy social life is an even more effective way of changing white fat into brown. The team came up with their theory by studying the effects of various living environments on mice. Those who lived alongside a greater number of mice lost far more weight over the course of the study than their “couch potato” fellows. Study author Dr. Matthew, whose team’s findings appear in the journal, said, “I’m still amazed at the degree of fat loss that occurs.” Explaining how new technology had threatened face-to-face socializing, he added, “It’s not just a sedentary (久坐的) lifestyle and high-calorie foods but an increasing lack of social activities.” Co-author Dr. Lei Cao said, “Loneliness is a potential factor for cancer and death; it’s equal to cigarette smoking to a certain extent. Social activities are very vital.” 1．What information can we get from the first two paragraphs? A．Social excitement helps gain more weight. B．Brown fat can burn energy to produce heat. C．Brown fat stores calories and makes us fatter. D．It doesn’t take long to turn white fat into brown. 2．Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “catalyzes” in paragraph 2? A．Destroys. B．Relieves. C．Harms. D．Aids. 3．Which of the following statements does the text support? A．Dr. Matthew wasn’t convinced of the result. B．The mice lacking social life lose more weight. C．The research findings haven’t been published so far. D．Levels of brown fat can be increased by socializing. 4．We can conclude from the text that ______. A．cancer and death are mainly caused by lack of social life. B．the fat in mice’s belly was reduced because of the relaxing environment. C．surfing the Internet may influence people’s face-to-face communication. D．a sedentary lifestyle and high-calorie food influence people’s social life. 5.(24-25高一上·云南昭通一中教研联盟·期中) If you’re a sports fan, you may be familiar with the emotional ups and downs that comes with watching sports. Whether you’re part of a crowd in a stadium, or just watching at home on TV, it’s easy to get caught up in the highs and the lows when you celebrate or disappoint with your favorite team or athlete. Those feelings are so strong, in fact, that a study from Croatia, published in PubMed, showed that the emotional stress during a football match increased the risk of a cardiovascular (心血管的) incident. But can watching sports be good for you too? The evidence suggests that people who watch live sporting events experience greater wellbeing than those who don’t. A study published in Frontiers in Public Health by the Anglia Ruskin University in the UK, found sports audience felt less lonely and had higher scores for life satisfaction. Lead author Helen Keys said in a press release, “Watching live sport of all types provides many opportunities for social interaction and this helps to strengthen group identity (身份) and belonging.” She says this then reduces loneliness and improve wellbeing. But, if for any reason you aren’t passionate about going to live events, don’t worry! Watching sports on TV or on the Internet may also have positive effects, according to a 2021 study by Tsuji and colleagues. They found that older adults who watched sports were less likely to have depressive symptoms (抑郁症状) than those who didn’t. On top of that, the sports audience tended to have richer social networks (社交网络) than those who aren’t. The authors suggest that the social networks you get through watching sports may lower the risk of depressive symptoms. So, the cheers at a live sports event or even casual chit-chat (闲聊) with friends about your favorite team can bring companionship and may reduce loneliness and depression. It seems the health benefits of sports are not limited to physical activity through joining in them, but that we can benefit in our general wellbeing through social bonding. 1．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To lead in the topic of this passage. B．To prove the risks of watching sports. C．To stress the importance of heart health. D．To show the emotional changes during a football match. 2．Which of the following is not the benefit of watching sports? A．Lower risk of depression. B．Less feeling of loneliness. C．More content with life. D．Richer group identities. 3．What can we know about Helen Keys? A．She used to work as an editor in PubMed. B．She wrote many novels about sports. C．She led the research on watching live sports. D．She liked watching sports at home on TV. 4．Which might the author agree with according to the passage? A．Only by taking part in sports can we feel positive. B．What matters about sports is chit-chat with friends. C．Live sports in stadium result in serious heart problems. D．Health benefits of sports can also come from bonding. 主题02 人与自我 —— 个人成长、健康生活、心理调适、学习策略 1.(24-25高一上·云南凤庆县第一中学·期中) Physical education, or gym class, isn’t required for all high school students. In some schools, it isn’t offered for some different reasons. But should high school students have physical education? The answer is certainly “yes”. Today many people don’t do sports. But as is known to all, doing sports is very important for an adult. Teaching teens the importance of a healthy lifestyle and making fitness plans now can help teens put exercise in the first place as an adult. High school isn’t that easy. Many students are under a lot of stress. Stress can be harmful to a student’s studies and life. Doing sports can help them deal with stress better, helping them live a happier life at school. The American Heart Association says that 10 million kids and teens suffer from obesity (肥胖症). Teens should get 60 minutes of physical activity per day to control their weight and to help their bones get stronger. The increase in activities that don’t get teens to move around, such as video games and computer activities, means many teens don’t get their required exercise. Physical education classes act as a public health measure to encourage activities and help teens have healthy weights. Inactivity increases teens’ risk of developing many diseases. An active lifestyle offers a good way of protection from these health problems. As much as 75 percent of health-care spending goes towards treating medical conditions that can be hindered by lifestyle changes, according to the American College of Sports Medicine. According to the President’s Council on Fitness, Sports and Nutrition (PCFSN), students who performed five hours of physical activity each week improved their academic (学业的) performance. Students from programs with no physical activity, who used the extra time for classroom study, did not perform better on tests than those who gave up some study time in support of physical education. 1．According to paragraph 2, what does physical education in high school mean? A．Helping teens learn to make good plans. B．Making teens think much of exercise later. C．Removing the stress faced by teens at school. D．Getting teens to encourage adults to exercise. 2．What does the underlined word “hindered” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Measured. B．Prevented. C．Shown. D．Caused. 3．According to the PCFSN, doing sports ________. A．helps students do better in their studies B．helps students make good use of all their time C．means students adjust to their environment better D．means making students choose between sports and studies 4．What is the text mainly about? A．How high school students can live a better life. B．How schools can help students love doing sports. C．Why physical education can relieve students’ stress. D．Why high school students should receive physical education. 2.(24-25高一上·云南昭通一中教研联盟·期中) Should We Fear Maths? How good are you at maths? Some people love the challenge of it or enjoy working out number games. Maths is all around us, from working out how to share the bill after a meal, to making your household bills clear. But many feel afraid of the moment when they have to deal with numbers and feel a real sense of worry and disorder. It can seem apprehensive, but this “maths fear” is perfectly common, and you're definitely not alone. You need to know our worries and fears don't necessarily show our ability. The problem really starts in childhood, at school. Research has found that maths teachers who are nervous about teaching the subject can pass on their fear to the pupils, and girls may be more likely to be influenced. The Programme for International Student Assessment (评估) found around 31% of 15 and 16-year-olds across 34 countries said they got very nervous doing maths problems,33% said they felt uneasy doing maths homework, and nearly 60% said they were worried that maths classes would be difficult. Shulamit Kahn, from Boston University's Questrom School of Business, told the BBC she believes giving students, particularly girls, good role models is important, especially at a young age. She thinks the key is to get people who love teaching maths, especially women, to help younger children. Writing for BBC Future, David Robson says, “It's not clear why maths brings so much fear compared to geography. But the fact that there's a right or wrong answer might make you more worried about underperforming (表现不佳) .”And once we think we're not a“maths person”,we avoid solving things that we probably could do. The fear on maths may appear due to many reasons, but some suggest that we encourage children to see a maths test as a challenge, not a threat (威胁). That means we need to think of the good sides of maths. 1．What does the underlined word mean in the 1st paragraph? A．Fearful. B．Difficult. C．Pressing. D．Enjoyable. 2．What can we infer from the 2nd paragraph? A．Girls are better at maths than boys when they are in their childhood. B．Giving more pressure to the girls is the key to good performance for them. C．Maths teachers who are nervous about teaching the subject are good at teaching. D．Maths teachers' performance influences students' performance in maths class. 3．How should teachers help the children who fear maths according to the last paragraph? A．Encourage them to see maths tests as threats. B．Encourage them to do more maths problems. C．Encourage them to think of the good sides of maths. D．Encourage them to ask more questions about maths problems. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．An educational magazine. B．A book advertisement. C．A personal diary. D．A travel guide. 3.(23-24高一上·云南上海师范大学附属官渡实验中学·期中) Besides, joining a club can make students use their free time wisely. Most teens go to schools, then go back home and spend the rest of the day in front of a screen. Teens are also very likely to fall into the wrong crowd, which could lead to some bad results. Clubs are good places to spend time with good people to fall back on. The most important reason why you should join a club is the long-term benefits ( 益 处 ) it brings.The classroom isn’t the only learning environment in a school. The skills you learn in clubs are necessary ones that can be used in everyday life, which I think is the final goal of joining a club. Things such as meeting and speaking to new people, making the most of time, and being organized are those you will meet every single day of your life, but you can learn all of them in clubs. So if you haven’t joined a school club yet, you know what you should do now. 1．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “profit”in paragraph 1? A．Cheer up. B．Go against. C．Make use of. D．Be good for. 2．What do colleges think highly of according to the text? A．The number of clubs you have joined. B．The strong relationships you have built. C．The bright personality you have developed. D．The similar interests you share with other students. 3．What is the best title for the text? A．Why Should You Join a Club? B．What Club Should You Join? C．How Can You Join a Club You Like? D．Should You Join a Second Club? 4．In which section of a magazine may this text appear? A．Health. B．School life. C．Culture. D．Social work. 4.(23-24高一上·云南昭通一中教研联盟·期中) “When life gives you lemons, make lemonade (柠檬水).” It is a good saying, but life throws at us more serious problems than lemons, doesn’t it? What do we do when we lose a family member? What do we do when we have been through events that leave us feelings? Can any failure be turned into success? Most of us realize we can learn one or two things from failure. When we fail, we think, “Well, I won’t try that again! ”or “I won’t trust anyone again! ”But this is not useful learning. It is suggested that we ask challenging questions. For example, “How could I try that again?” There are a lot we can learn and get from failure if we keep asking good questions on how to do better next time. Failure or pain can be good for developing our character if we choose to face it in a positive way. Our own suffering often makes us understand others better. It can give us wisdom or knowledge to share with others, which can prevent them from similar failure. If we have been hurt by others because of another person’s poor character, it may improve us to be better persons. Failures can make us experience many things that we didn’t experience before. If you lose your job, it doesn’t mean you lose everything and probably you may get more. As we know, no job often leads to self employment; no job has been the beginning of many highly successful businesses. It is common that we don’t like changing, but change, even unfortunate change, brings new opportunities. Sometimes only failure brings us better opportunities or greater success. 1．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 means that ________. A．any lemons can be made into lemonade B．problems always bring us lots of trouble C．problems can never be avoided in our life D．failure can also be turned into a success 2．The 2nd paragraph mainly tells us that ________. A．We should learn more when we fail B．We must be careful to trust anyone C．We must ask questions when we fail D．We should deal with failure positively 3．According to the writer, if you were hurt by another person, you should ________. A．avoid hurting others in the same way B．find a better way to hurt him bravely C．try to prevent him from hurting others D．thank him for making you more perfect 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Failure Decides success B．Failure Creates Opportunities C．Failure Brings Everything D．Failure Makes a Perfect Person 5.(23-24高一上·云南大理下关第一中学·期中) If you think running is just great for the body, then think again. Scientists have found that the sport not only keeps people fit but also improves your brain power. The researchers found that people who keep fit were more likely to have larger brains, better memories, and clearer thinking. They also found that unfit people tended to have smaller brains and reduced cognitive(认知的)skills. The findings add to a growing pile of evidence which links exercise with helping protect the brain against ageing and helping it replace dying cells. This might reduce the risk of many illnesses and diseases such as Alzheimer’s(阿尔茨海默症). One research paper within its latest issue sees scientists at Kentucky University putting 30 adults aged 59-69 on a running machine. Their heart and lung capacity were measured, and an MRI scanner was used to assess the blood flow to their brains. Those who were less fit had smaller brains compared to the fitter volunteers who had larger brains. Scientists in Germany followed 21 adults aged between 60-77. As they went through a three-month fitness program, they saw improvements in their memory. Researchers are not yet sure why exercise helps to protect brain cells but some research in mice has produced results. Mice, examined at the National Institute on Ageing, in Baltimore, found that cells in the hippocampus(海马体), an area of the brain used for memory, were actively reproducing while their fatter peers were in decline. Linda Clare, a professor of clinical psychology of ageing and dementia(痴呆)at Exeter University and a member of the Global Council on Brain Health told The Sunday Times: “Moderate intensity aerobic(有氧的)exercise such as walking, cycling or running can produce beneficial changes in brain structure and function.” 1．Which of the following about the research findings is TRUE? A．Healthy people probably have larger brains and better memories. B．Unfit people tend to have smaller brains and better cognitive skills. C．There’s much evidence shows that exercise contributes to brain aging. D．Exercise can keep people from all the illnesses and diseases. 2．What do we know about Professor Linda Clare? A．She once did research on the hippocampus of mice. B．She first found exercise improves brain power. C．She treats illnesses of ageing and dementia. D．She thinks aerobic exercise does good to the brain. 3．Where does this text probably come from? A．A TV Interview. B．A Health Paper. C．A Research Magazine. D．A Running Poster. 4．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To discuss some good ways to keep healthy. B．To tell people sport improves our brain power. C．To stress the importance of doing sports. D．To introduce ways of improving our memories. 主题03 人与自然——可持续性与人与自然的关系 1.（24-25高一上·云南省丽江市第一高级中学·期中） How crowded your neighborhood is can affect the health of our planet, a new study finds. Scientists measured the effect that people have on the environment using a carbon footprint. That footprint reflects the amount of carbon dioxide (二氧化碳)—a greenhouse gas—that is sent into the atmosphere because of people’s daily activities. Carbon footprints tend to be low for citizens. Living in a suburb (郊区) outside a city, however, can be opposite. People living in the city centers have low carbon footprints, the researchers found. “It is much easier to have a low carbon effect if your home is close to where you work, shop and play,” explains Jones. Living within walking or biking distance cuts back on the amount of carbon dioxide compared with moving people by cars. And cities with bus and subway networks allow people to travel great distances while keeping the amount of greenhouse gases low. Not everyone can afford to live in the city, however. Suburbs offer more space, allowing people to build larger homes. Suburbs may offer better schools to kids. But those homes are usually far away from where owners work, play or learn. So people who live in suburbs often drive long distances. The average household in a large city sends out about 40 tons of carbon dioxide per year. The average suburban household, however, sends out close to 50 tons of carbon dioxide per year. The new findings are an important contribution to climate research. They would give scientists a better understanding of how culture might mix with locations to influence our carbon footprints. You may not have any control over the location of your home. Still, everyone can take steps to reduce their carbon footprints. That’s because how much we pollute is influenced not just by where we live, but also by how we live. To reduce your footprints, start small. Turn off lights when they’re not in use. Recycle or reuse things instead of throwing them away. And as people get used to making small changes, the leap to bigger ones will get easier. 1．Why do people living in suburbs have higher carbon footprints? A．Because they often drive to work, play or do other things. B．Because their homes take up too much space. C．Because they often use buses and subways to travel great distances. D．Because they have to send their kids to schools by car. 2．How are Paragraphs 3 to 5 mainly developed? A．By giving examples. B．By making comparisons. C．By following time order. D．By explaining processes. 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．People living in big cities produce more carbon dioxide. B．Culture plays the most important role in influencing the environment. C．Any process of making new products may pollute the environment. D．One’s small step can make a big difference to the environment. 4．In which part of a website may this passage appear? A．Health. B．Sports. C．Culture. D．Environment. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $