内容正文:
期中复习考点串讲
Units 1~3
北师大版·英语·必修第一册
01
考情透视·目标导航
目 录
语法串讲·融会贯通
知识梳理·夯实基础
考场练兵·实战训练
02
03
04
课标要求
考情分析
第一部分
考情透视·目标导航
考情透视·目标导航
课标要求
能够围绕“生活方式”、“体育精神”、“互联网生活”等主题,理解并使用相关语言知识进行听、说、读、写活动。
理解中外健康生活方式、体育英雄事迹、互联网利弊的异同,进行初步的跨文化思考。
能就单元话题进行分析、比较、批判性思考,并表达个人观点。
01
语言能力
02
文化意识
03
思维品质
04
学习能力
构建单元知识网络,掌握核心语法体系,并能在新语境中迁移运用。
考情透视·目标导航
考情分析
必考点 重难点
词汇 核心单词、词性转换、固定搭配 (如: benefit, challenge, inspire, etc.) 一词多义、熟词生义、动词短语
句型 单元重点句式 (如: not only...but also...; By doing...) 复杂句的结构分析与应用
语法 时态 (一般现在/过去/将来时;现在完成时); 定语从句 (关系代词who, whom, which, that) 现在完成时与过去时的区别;定语从句关系词的选择与从句完整性
写作 议论文段落写作 (提出观点-论证-总结) 逻辑衔接、高级词汇和句型的使用
单词、短语、句型
第二部分
知识梳理·夯实基础
一、重点单词
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 1 Life Choices
1. adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的
2. n.校园
3. n.日程表,计划表
4. n.能力,胜任
5. n.公寓套房
6. n.压力
7. adj.有利的,好的 prep.加
8. n.生活方式
9. vi.& n.闲谈,聊天
dynamic
campus
schedule
competence
apartment
pressure
plus
lifestyle
chat
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 1 Life Choices
10. vi.& vt.冲浪
11. adj.少年,十几岁孩子的
12. n.一系列;范围
13. adj.各种各样的;多种(类型)的
14. n.质量,品质
15. adv.实际上,事实上
16. n.目标,目的
17. n.目的,意图 vi.力求达到
18. n.目标
19. adv.与此同时
surf
teen
range
various
quality
actually
goal
aim
target
meanwhile
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 1 Life Choices
20. n.格言,谚语
21. vi.& vt.遭受(痛苦)
22. n.专家,行家
23. adj.坦率的,坦诚的
24. n.职位;位置
25. n.程度
26. adv.因此,因而,从而
27. vt.寻求;请求
28. adj.平常的,一贯的;典型的
29. n.省
30. adv.独立地,自立地
saying
suffer
expert
frank
position
extent
thus
seek
typical
province
independently
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 1 Life Choices
31. n.电,电力;力量
32. n.供应,供给
33. adj.困难的,难办的
34. adv.除此之外,而且
35. n.慈善机构,慈善团体
36. vt.计划,打算,想要
37. n.体育馆,健身房
38. n.某一时刻
39. adj.农村的,乡村的,田园的
power
supply
tough
besides
charity
intend
gym
moment
rural
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 1 Life Choices
二、拓展词汇
1. adj.充满压力的,紧张的→ n.压力,忧虑,紧张 vt.强调→ adj.焦虑的,紧张的
2. adj.富有挑战性的→ n.挑战;具有挑战性的事物 vt.向……挑战
3. vi.不同,不一样,有区别→ adj.不同的
→ adv.不同地→ n.不同,差别
4. n.期待;预料,预期→ vt.期待;预料
→ adj.预料的;预期的→ adj.期待的;期望的;怀有希望的
stressful
stress
stressed
challenging
challenge
differ
different
differently
difference
expectation
expect
expected
expectant
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 1 Life Choices
5. adj.自信的→ adv.自信地→ n.自信,信心;信赖
6. vi.恢复健康;康复→ n.恢复;康复
7. n.伤,损害→ vt.伤害,损害→ adj.受损害的;受伤的
8. adv.不幸地;令人遗憾地→ n.大笔钱财,巨款
→ adj.幸运的→ adv.幸运地
9. adj.方便的,便利的→ adv.方便地
→ n.方便
confident
confidently
confidence
recover
recovery
injury
injure
injured
unfortunately
fortune
fortunate
fortunately
convenient
conveniently
convenience
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 1 Life Choices
10. n.对……着迷的人 v.使着迷;使上瘾→ adj.上瘾的,着迷的→ n.沉溺;上瘾;入迷
11. vt.移走;去掉→ n.移动;搬迁;调动;除去
12. vt.组织,筹划→ n.组织
13. adj.专业的,职业的→ n.专业,职业
→ adv.专业地,职业地
14. vi.毕业→ n.毕业
15. vt.鼓励,激励→ adj.鼓舞人心的→ n.灵感;妙计,好办法;鼓舞人心的人或事
addict
addicted
addiction
remove
removal
organise
organisation
professional
profession
professionally
graduate
graduation
inspire
inspiring
inspiration
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 1 Life Choices
16. v.申请;请求;应用→ n.申请;应用
→ n.申请人
17. adj.热切的;渴望的→ adv.渴望地;热切地
→ n.渴望;热切;热心
18. adj.不稳定的→ adj.稳定的→ n.稳定,稳定性
19. adj.布满灰尘的→ n.灰尘
20. adj.泥泞的,多泥的→ n.泥,淤泥
21. adj.负责的;有责任心的→ adv.有责任地,应负责任地→ vi.反应→ n.反应,回应→ n.责任
apply
application
applicant
eager
eagerly
eagerness
unstable
stable
stability
dusty
dust
muddy
mud
responsible
responsibly
respond
response
responsibility
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 1 Life Choices
22. adj.有吸引力的;好看的,美观的→ vt.吸引
→ n.吸引→ adv.吸引人地
23. vt.捐献,贡献;投稿→ n.捐献,贡献;投稿
24. adj.正式的,官方的→ adj.非正式的
25. vi.(使)适应 vt.改写;改编→ n.适应;改写本;改编→ adj.适合的;适应的
26. n.报告;陈述,说明→ vt.赠送;主持(节目);介绍
attractive
attract
attraction
attractively
contribute
contribution
formal
informal
adapt
adaptation
adaptive
presentation
present
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 1 Life Choices
三、重点短语
1. 和……不同
2. 总而言之,总的来说
3. 从……中恢复
4. 网上冲浪,浏览因特网
5. 搜索引擎
6. 有时;偶尔;间或
7. 起居室
8. 按……所说,根据
9. 亲自
differ from
all in all
recover from
surf the Internet
search engine
from time to time
living room
according to
in person
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 1 Life Choices
10. 社交媒体
11. 易于做某事
12. 取得进步,获得成功
13. (身体或精神上)遭受……(痛苦)
14. 坦白说,坦率地说
15. 因为
16. 换句话说
17. 从……毕业
social media
tend to do sth
get ahead
suffer from
to be frank
due to
in other words
graduate from
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 1 Life Choices
18.apply for
19.all sorts of
20.give up
21.deal with
22.be responsible for
23.as well as
24.adapt to sth
25.at the moment
26.look forward to (doing) sth
申请
各种各样的
放弃
对付,应付,处理
对……负责
……以及……
适应某事
此刻,目前,眼下
期待,盼望
知识梳理·夯实基础
一、重点单词
Unit 2 Sports and Fitness
1. vi.& n.慢跑
2. vi.骑自行车
3. n.跑道
4. n.日常饮食
5. n.(网球等的)球网;网
6. prep.在……之内
7. vt.(在比赛、战争中)战胜,打败
8. n.公司;一群人
9. n.(非正式)男人,家伙
jog
cycle
track
diet
net
within
defeat
company
guy
10. n.替补队员席
11. vi.& vt.猛撞
12. vi.& vt.聚集,聚合
13. n.包,包裹vi.& vt.把……包起来
14. adv.严厉地,毫不客气地
15. prep.到……上,向……上
16. adj.额外的,另外的
17. n.人群
18. vt.赢得;博得
bench
crash
gather
pack
sharply
onto
extra
crowd
earn
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 2 Sports and Fitness
19. vt.使(某人)想起,提醒
20. vi.& vt.咬
21. vt.禁止
22. n.状况,场合;事例,实例
23. adj.一年一度的,每年的
24. vi.& vt.停止(做某事)
25. n.建议,忠告,窍门
26. adj.一周一次的,每周的
27. n.疾病
remind
bite
prohibit
case
annual
quit
tip
weekly
disease
28. vi.流,流动 n.流动
29. n.隐痛
30. n.细节
31. n.数量,数额
32. n.汗水
33. vt.把……做得过火
34. n.视野
35. n.骑自行车者,自行车运动员
36. vt.超过
flow
ache
detail
amount
sweat
overdo
sight
cyclist
overtake
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 2 Sports and Fitness
二、拓展词汇
1. n.运动员→ adj.精力充沛的,运动的
2. n.发生的频率,发生率→ adj.频繁的,经常的→ adv.频繁地,经常地
3. vt.更喜欢→ n.偏好
4. adj.均衡的→ n.& vt.平衡→ n.不平衡;不安定
5. adv.经常;定期地→ adj.经常的;定期的
6. n.激励,鼓舞;给人以灵感的人/物;灵感→ vt.鼓舞;激发→ adj.令人振奋的;激励人的;鼓舞人心的
athlete
athletic
frequency
frequent
frequently
prefer
preference
balanced
balance
imbalance
regularly
regular
inspiration
inspire
inspiring
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 2 Sports and Fitness
7. n.渴望→ adj.令人满意的;有吸引力的
→ adv.令人向往地;合意地
8. n.通告,公告→ vt.通知,宣布→ n.告知者;广播员
9. n.申请书→ vt.应用,申请→ n.申请人
10. vt.占用,占去(时间)→ n.职业;占用
→ adj.已占用的;使用中的
11. n.失望;扫兴;沮丧→ vt.使失望;使扫兴;使沮丧→ adj.感到失望的→ adj.令人失望的
desire
desirable
desirably
announcement
announce
announcer
application
apply
applicant
occupy
occupation
occupied
disappointment
disappoint
disappointed
disappointing
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 2 Sports and Fitness
12. adv.惊人地,了不起地→ vt.使吃惊
→ adj.令人吃惊的→ adj.感到吃惊的
13. vt.减轻,缓解→ n.救济;减轻,缓解;安慰
14. vi.& vt.(使)强健→ n.力气,力量
15. n.系统→ adj.系统的;体系的;有系统的
→ adv.系统地;体系地;有系统地
16. n.尤其,特别 adj.特定的→ adv.特别地,尤其
17. n.好处,益处→ adj.有益的,有好处的
18. n.设备,装备→ vt.装备,配备
amazingly
amaze
amazing
amazed
relieve
relief
strengthen
strength
system
systematic
systematically
particular
particularly
benefit
beneficial
equipment
equip
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 2 Sports and Fitness
19. adj.能干的;能力强的→ n.能力
→ adv.能干地
20. vt.预防;阻止,阻挡→ n.预防,阻止
21. adj.可完成的;做得成的→ vt.实现
22. n.满足,满意→ vt.使……满意
→ adj.令人满意的→ adj.感到满意的
23. n.回答,答复→ vi.回答,答复
24. n.灵活性→ adj.灵活的→ adv.灵活地
capable
capability
capably
prevent
prevention
achievable
achieve
satisfaction
satisfy
satisfying
satisfied
response
respond
flexibility
flexible
flexibly
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 2 Sports and Fitness
三、重点短语
1. 而不是
2. 猛撞,猛击
3. 使失望,辜负(别人的信任或期望)
4. 取得成功;奏效
5. 跟上,保持同步
6. 以防万一
7. (使)高兴起来,(使)振作起来
8. 尤其,特别
9. 利用某物
rather than
crash into
let sb down
pay off
keep up with
in case
cheer up
in particular
take advantage of sth
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 2 Sports and Fitness
10. 从……中受益
11. 渴望做某事
12. 谋生
13. 禁止某人做某事
14. 节食
15.in good/bad shape
16.try out for sth
17.gather around
18.sign up
19.be fed up with
benefit from
desire to do sth
earn a living
prohibit sb from doing sth
be on a diet
健康状况良好/不佳
争取成为;参加选拔
聚集
报名
厌烦的,不满的,无法再忍受的
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 2 Sports and Fitness
20.be capable of
21.make sure
22.remind sb of sth
23.be crowded with
24.a balanced diet
25.prevent sb from doing sth
26.in detail
27.by design
28.be occupied in doing sth
29.to one’s relief
有能力做
确保
提醒某人……
挤满
均衡的饮食
阻止某人做某事
详细地
故意地
忙于做某事
使人安心的是
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 3 Celebrations
一、重点单词
1. adj.黏性的,黏的
2. n.成人,成年人
3. adv.即刻,马上
4. n.描述,报道
5. n.主人;东道主;主持人
6. sweep vt.扫;打扫
7. character n.字,字体;人物,角色
8. wine n.葡萄酒
sticky
adult
immediately
account
host
sweep
character
wine
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 3 Celebrations
9. prep.在整个期间,自始至终
10. n.风俗,习惯;传统
11. n.婚礼
12. n.啤酒
13. n.青少年,十几岁的孩子
14. n.录音室
15. adj.整洁的
16. n.套装
17. n.布丁;甜食,甜点心
throughout
custom
wedding
beer
teenager
studio
neat
suit
pudding
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 3 Celebrations
18. n.努力;力气
19. adv.不知怎的;不知为什么
20. n.地极,北/南极
21. n.信封
22. n.大腿部
23. n.前夕;前一天
24. n.树枝
25. n.盘;碟
26. vi.& vt.低声说,低语
effort
somehow
pole
envelope
lap
eve
branch
plate
whisper
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 3 Celebrations
27. vi.& vt.挥手;招手
28. n.事件
29. n.事件;活动
30. adv.往楼下,在楼下
31. adv.什么地方都不
32. vi.& vt.(使)平静,(使)镇定 adj.冷静的,沉着的
33. n.制服
34. n.眼泪,泪水
wave
affair
event
downstairs
nowhere
calm
uniform
tear
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 3 Celebrations
二、拓展词汇
1.occasion n.重要的社交活动;时刻,时候→__________ adj.偶尔的;偶然
的→____________ adv.偶然;偶尔
2.graduate v.毕业→___________ n.毕业
3.congratulate vt.祝贺→______________ n.恭喜,祝贺
4.decorate vi.& vt.装饰,布置,美化→___________ adj.装饰性的
→____________ n.装饰,装饰物
5.tradition n.传统→____________ adj.传统的
occasional
occasionally
graduation
congratulation
decorative
decoration
traditional
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 3 Celebrations
6.gather vi.& vt.聚集,聚合→___________ n.聚会
7.summary n.总结→____________ vi.& vt.总结,概括
8.attach vt.贴;固定;附上→_________ adj.附上的→__________ n.附件;依恋;爱慕
9.scare vt.吓唬;使(某人)惊恐→________ adj.害怕的→________ adj.
吓人的;恐怖的
10.surround vt.环绕,围绕→___________ adj.周围的→_____________ n.环境
11.retire vi.& vt.退休→________ adj.退休的
12.joy n.欢欣,愉快,喜悦→________ adj.高兴的
gathering
summarise
attached
attachment
scared
scary
surrounding
surroundings
retired
joyful
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 3 Celebrations
13.origin n.起源;源头→________ adj.原先的,最早的,最初的→
____________ adv.起初
14.greet vt.问候,欢迎;打招呼→__________ n.问候
15.appropriate adj.合适的;恰当的→____________ adv.合适地,适当地
16.represent vt.代表→_________________ n.代表
17.fortunate adj.幸运的→__________ adv.幸运地→(反义词)___________
adj.不幸的→____________ adv.不幸地
18.memory n.记忆,回忆→__________ vt.记住
19.patience n.耐心;耐力→________ adj.耐心的 n.病人→________ adv.耐心地;有毅力地
original
originally
greeting
appropriately
representative
fortunately
unfortunate
unfortunately
memorize
patient
patiently
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 3 Celebrations
20.behave vi.表现→___________ n.行为,举止
21.merry adj.快乐的→_______ adv.快乐地
22.describe vt.描述,描写→____________ n.描述,描写
23.select vt.挑选,选拔→_________ n.挑选,选拔
24.humble adj.谦虚地→________ adv.谦虚地
behaviour
merrily
description
selection
humbly
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 3 Celebrations
三、重点短语
1.________________ 处于和平状态
2.________________张贴
3.________________使某物爆炸
4.________________上上下下,完全
5.________________扫除;清除
6.________________倒置地,颠倒地
7.________________照亮
8.________________把……吓跑
9.________________就……而言
10.________________普遍地;一般来说
at peace
put up
let off
from top to bottom
sweep away
upside down
light up
scare sb./sth. away
as far as
in general
知识梳理·夯实基础
Unit 3 Celebrations
11.________________尽力
12.________________搬来(和某人)一起居住
13.________________再三地,重复地
14.________________吸引某人的目光;引起某人的注意
15.________________去世
16.________________不再
17.________________涌入脑海
18.________________冷静下来
make an effort
move in
over and over (again)
catch sb.'s eye
pass away
no longer
come to mind
calm down
语法串讲
即时检测
第三部分
语法串讲·融会贯通
语法串讲·融会贯通
语法串讲·融会贯通
时态
一、时态
时态名称 基本概念与功能 核心结构 典型标志词
一般现在时
(Simple Present) 1. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作。
2. 表示客观事实、普遍真理。
3. 在时间/条件状语从句中,表将来。 主语 + do/does
(第三人称单数加-s/-es) always, often, usually, every day, sometimes, once a week
一般过去时
(Simple Past) 表示过去某个特定时间发生的、已结束的动作或状态。 主语 + did
(动词过去式) yesterday, last week, ... ago, in 1990, just now, the other day
一般将来时
(Simple Future) 表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。 1. will + do
2. am/is/are going to + do tomorrow, next year, in the future, soon, in 2025
语法串讲·融会贯通
时态
时态名称 基本概念与功能 核心结构 典型标志词
现在进行时
(Present Continuous) 1. 表示此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2. 表近期确定的未来安排(常用于位移动词)。 am/is/are + doing
(现在分词) now, at the moment, right now, these days, currently
现在完成时
(Present Perfect) 1. 过去动作对现在造成的影响或结果(已完成)。
2. 表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态(未完成)。 have/has + done
(过去分词) already, yet, ever, never, just, recently, since..., for...
语法串讲·融会贯通
时态
时态名称 基本概念与功能 核心结构 典型标志词
过去完成时
(Past Perfect) 表示在过去某个时间点或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即“过去的过去”。 had + done
(过去分词) by the end of last..., when/before/by the time引导的从句(主句动词为过去时)
过去将来时
(Past Future) 从过去的视角看将来要发生的动作。常用于宾语从句中。 1. would + do
2. was/were going to + do
语法串讲·融会贯通
时态
二、核心时态辨析:现在完成时 vs. 一般过去时
特征 现在完成时 (Present Perfect) 一般过去时 (Simple Past)
时间焦点 过去动作对现在的影响或结果 动作发生在过去某一具体时间
标志词 for, since, already, yet, ever, never, just yesterday, last week, ago, in 1990,具体时间点
例句 I have lost my key. (我现在没钥匙,进不去门) I lost my key yesterday. (昨天丢的,现在找到与否未知)
考点 since + 时间点; for + 时间段 必须与明确的过去时间状语连用
语法串讲·融会贯通
时态
即时检测:
1. He __________ (live) here for ten years.
2. He __________ (live) here in 2012.
3.She _________ (be) to Paris twice. She loves it there.
4.They _________ (start) their project last Monday.
5.I _______________ (not finish) my homework yet. Can you wait a minute?
6.He _________ (live) in London for five years before he moved to Shanghai.
has lived
lived
has been
started
have not finished
had lived
语法串讲·融会贯通
一、定语从句
定语从句
知识点维度 具体内容 说明与示例 易错点与考点提示
一、基本概念 1. 定义: 在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。
2. 先行词: 被定语从句修饰的词。
3. 关系词: 引导定语从句的词,代替先行词,在从句中充当成分。 The book that you lent me is fantastic.
(先行词:book;关系词:that;从句:you lent me) 分清主句和从句。关系词代替先行词,在从句中必有成分。
语法串讲·融会贯通
定语从句
知识点维度 具体内容 说明与示例 易错点与考点提示
二、关系代词 1. 指人:
- who: 作主语或宾语(非正式)
- whom: 作宾语(正式)
- that: 作主语或宾语
- whose: 作定语(“某人的”或“某物的”)
2. 指物:
- which: 作主语或宾语
- that: 作主语或宾语
- whose/of which: 作定语(“某物的”) 1. The man who/that is speaking is my boss. (作主语)
2. The girl (whom/who/that) I met is from Paris. (作宾语,可省)
3. The student whose father is a doctor works hard. (作定语)
4. The house which/that was built last year sold well. (作主语)
5. The book (which/that) I bought is expensive. (作宾语,可省)
6. The room whose window is broken is mine. (= the window of which) 1. who vs. whom: 现代英语中,口语常用who代替whom。
2. 作宾语可省略: 关系代词在从句中作宾语时,常可省略。这是高频考点。
3. whose: 既可指人,也可指物。指物时可与of which互换,但whose前置更自然。
语法串讲·融会贯通
定语从句
知识点维度 具体内容 说明与示例 易错点与考点提示
三、关系副词 1. when (=介词+which): 表时间,在从句中作时间状语。
2. where (=介词+which): 表地点,在从句中作地点状语。
3. why (=for which): 表原因,在从句中作原因状语。 1. I'll never forget the day when (on which) we first met.
2. This is the house where (in which) I grew up.
3. Please explain the reason why (for which) you were late. 核心考点: 关系副词 = 介词 + which。
判断标准: 看从句是否缺状语。如果从句主谓宾结构完整,就用关系副词。
语法串讲·融会贯通
定语从句
知识点维度 具体内容 说明与示例 易错点与考点提示
四、限制性 vs. 非限制性 1. 限制性定语从句:
- 对先行词起限定、明确作用,不可删除,否则句意不完整。
- 无逗号与主句隔开。
- 关系词可用that。
2. 非限制性定语从句:
- 对先行词起补充说明作用,可删除,不影响主句意思。
- 有逗号与主句隔开。
- 不可用that引导。 1. The students who passed the exam went camping. (限制性,没考上的没去)
2. The students, who passed the exam, went camping. (非限制性,所有学生都考上了且都去了)
3. He has a daughter, who works as a lawyer. (非限制性,只有一个女儿) 1. 逗号决定句意: 有无逗号,句意可能天差地别。
2. that不能引导非限制性定语从句,这是铁律。
3. which 在非限制性从句中可指代整个主句。He passed the exam, which made us happy.
语法串讲·融会贯通
定语从句
知识点维度 具体内容 说明与示例 易错点与考点提示
五、介词+关系代词 1. 结构: 介词 + which/whom/whose
2. 介词来源:
- 来自从句动词的固定搭配(如look for, depend on)。
- 来自先行词的要求(如the way in which)。 1. This is the house in which I lived. (= where)
2. The person with whom he is talking is our principal. (talk with sb.)
3. I admire the way in which he handles problems. 1. 介词选择: 取决于从句动词的搭配或先行词。
2. 词序: 介词可置于关系代词前(正式),也可置于从句句尾(非正式)。This is the house (which) I lived in.
3. 关系词: 此种情况下,只能用which或whom,不能用that或who。
语法串讲·融会贯通
定语从句
知识点维度 具体内容 说明与示例 易错点与考点提示
六、特殊难点 1. 只能用that的情况:
- 先行词是不定代词(all, much, anything, everything等)。
- 先行词被序数词、最高级或the only, the very等修饰。
- 先行词既有人又有物时。
2. 只能用which的情况:
- 引导非限制性定语从句时。
- 介词后。
3. as引导定语从句:
- 常用于the same...as, such...as, as...as结构中。
- As we all know, the earth is round. (as指代整个主句) 1. All that can be done has been done.
2. This is the best film that I have ever seen.
3. We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
4. He told me a story, which was very interesting.
5. I want to buy the same book as you have. 1. that vs. which: 牢记只能用that的三种情况,是绝对高频考点。
2. as vs. which: 非限制性从句中,as可放在句首,which不能。as常带有“正如”之意。
语法串讲·融会贯通
二、定语从句关系词的选择
定语从句
选择三步法:
找先行词: 是人还是物?
看从句成分: 关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分?(主语、宾语、定语)
查特殊情况: 是否属于必须用that的情况?
先行词 主语 宾语 定语
人 who / that whom / who / that (可省略) whose
物 which / that which / that (可省略) whose / of which
特殊情况 必须用 that 的情况:
① 序数词/最高级修饰时 (the first book that...)
② 不定代词时 (everything that...)
③ 先行词既有人又有物时 (The people and things that...)
语法串讲·融会贯通
定语从句
即时检测
填入合适的关系词。
The book ____________ is on the desk is mine. (which/that)
The boy ____________ mother is a doctor is my friend. (whose)
This is the best movie ____________ I have ever seen. (that)
The person ____________ you want to see has arrived. (whom/that/省略)
which/that
whose
that
whom/that/省略
语法串讲·融会贯通
功能一览表
动词不定式
功能 例句 备注
作主语 To learn a language takes time. 常用it作形式主语:
It takes time to learn a language.
作宾语 I want to be a teacher. 常接不定式作宾语的动词:
want, hope, decide, plan, agree等
作目的状语 She came to help me. 意为“为了...”,表目的
作宾语补足语 He asked me to come early. 常接不定式作宾补的动词:
ask, tell, want, allow, encourage等
语法串讲·融会贯通
动词不定式
即时检测
指出下列句中不定式的功能。
My dream is to travel around the world. ( )
He studies hard to pass the exam. ( )
I told him to close the door. ( )
表语
目的状语
宾语补足语
语法串讲·融会贯通
链接高考
(2021年天津卷改编) In the last few years, China ________ (make) great achievements in environmental protection.
(2022年全国甲卷语法填空) The book, ________ title I can't remember, was about Chinese history.
(2020年浙江卷语法填空) This is the village ________ my father spent his childhood.
(2021年全国乙卷语法填空) The government encourages farmers ________ (grow) more organic vegetables.
has made
whose
where / in which
to grow
语法串讲
即时检测
第四部分
考场练兵·实战训练
考场练兵·实战训练
一、语法填空
1.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)There's no need for pesticides and other
chemicals that pollute __________(tradition) farms and the surrounding
environment.
2.(2023·浙江卷1月)The term “hutong”,_________(original) meaning
“water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
3.(2024·全国甲卷)We look forward to ___________(welcome) you
as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through
performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities.
originally
traditional
welcoming
考场练兵·实战训练
4.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)When I was about to give ____, Gunter fished
out his little phone and rang up a friend.
5.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)With the rise of technology, it is easy for
people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile
___________(apply).
6.(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)The program aims ________(help) students
develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
up
application
to help
考场练兵·实战训练
7.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese
and will come to my door to remind me ________(close) the window
in my car when rain is coming.
to close
8.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Here are some _____(tip) on making wise
decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our
experience.
tips
9.(2024·全国甲卷)Cats are special creatures who possess ________
(amaze) vocalization skills.
amazing
考场练兵·实战训练
10.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other
folks' _____________(achieve) all my life.
achievements
11.(2025·八省联考)Friends are united by a shared love for the arts and
for the university, and by a desire ______(be) part of a cultural
community.
to be
12.(2025 ·浙江湖丽衢二模)Not only was popcorn mobile, but it could
also be mass-produced without a kitchen, an advantage __________
another crunchy snack—the potato chip—lacked.
that/which
考场练兵·实战训练
13.(2025 ·河南五市二模)A strong flavor means a lot for Northerners,
who achieve this with salt and strong seasonings(佐料),compared with
people in the South _______ preference is dishes lighter in flavor.
whose
14.(2025 ·漳州第二次质检)In front of the café is a tourism highway,
_______ connects the store with many artistic villages along the mountain
range.
which
15.(2025 ·鹰潭一模)For those _____ want to experience the hustle and
bustle of Chengdu, Chunxi Road and Taikoo Li in the city center are the
top choices.
who
考场练兵·实战训练
16.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Chinese cultural elements commemorating
(纪念) Tang Xianzu, _____ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,”
add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William
Shakespeare's hometown.
who
17.(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national
park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska,
_______ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a
national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
which
考场练兵·实战训练
18.(2023 ·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a
place __________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life.
that/which
19.(2023 ·全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America
_______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its
surroundings.
where
20.(2023 ·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today,
___ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
as
21.(2022 ·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP
________(be) officially set up next year.
will be
考场练兵·实战训练
22.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the
greenhouse ______ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the
ancient Silk Road...The garden also contains a winding path that guides
visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road.
walks
23.(2023 ·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)As a little girl, I _______ (wish) to be a
zookeeper when I grew up.
wished
24.(2022 ·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)He quickly______ (throw) his tools aside,
and started running, arms out.
threw
二、七选五
考场练兵·实战训练
(2025·郑州第二次质量预测)We all want to know what happiness
means and try to find ways to help make our life better. Happiness—you
know it when you see it, but it's hard to define. You might call it a
sense of well-being, optimism or meaningfulness in life, although those
could also be treated separately. 1.___________________________________,
we know that we want it, and that is just somehow good.
We also know that we don't always have control over our happiness.
Research suggests that genetics may play a big role in our level of
A.But whatever happiness really is
考场练兵·实战训练
happiness, so some of us may start out at a disadvantage. On top of that,
environmental factors can bring down mood and dry up our thirst for living.
2._______________________________________________________________.
Many studies have found a connection between psychological and physical
well-being.
A review of more than 200 studies found a connection between
positive psychological features, such as happiness, optimism and life
satisfaction, and a lowered risk of heart disease.
F.To manage our emotions is important for both our body and mind
考场练兵·实战训练
3. __________________________________________________________
______________.If you have a good sense of well-being, it's easier to
maintain good habits: exercising, eating a balanced diet and getting enough
sleep.
G.It's not as simple as “you must be happy to prevent heart attacks”, though
4.______________________________________________, and they do not provide hard evidence of cause and effect. But some researchers believe that positive mental states do have a direct effect on the body, perhaps by reducing damaging physical processes. For instance, they found that optimism is associated with lower levels of inflammation (炎症).
C.For now these studies can only show associations
考场练兵·实战训练
3. __________________________________________________________
______________.If you have a good sense of well-being, it's easier to
maintain good habits: exercising, eating a balanced diet and getting enough
sleep.
G.It's not as simple as “you must be happy to prevent heart attacks”, though
4.______________________________________________, and they do not provide hard evidence of cause and effect. But some researchers believe that positive mental states do have a direct effect on the body, perhaps by reducing damaging physical processes. For instance, they found that optimism is associated with lower levels of inflammation (炎症).
C.For now these studies can only show associations
考场练兵·实战训练
If what you mean by happiness is specifically “enjoyment of life”,
there's newer evidence to support that, too. A study in the Canadian
Medical Association Journal found that people aged 60 and over who
said they enjoyed life less were more likely to develop disability over an
8-year period.5._________________________________________________
__________________.This study does not prove that physical problems are
caused by less enjoyment of life, but suggests a relationship.
E.Being able to travel around was also related to enjoyment of life
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对如何追求幸福、保
持幸福的研究。
考场练兵·实战训练
A.But whatever happiness really is
B.It might take more work if your mood is low
C.For now these studies can only show associations
D.That refers to the person, and the situation he or she is in
E.Being able to travel around was also related to enjoyment of life
F.To manage our emotions is important for both our body and mind
G.It's not as simple as “you must be happy to prevent heart attacks”, though
考场练兵·实战训练
1.___
A
解析:空前讲幸福是什么很难定义,空后讲我们知道我们想要它;空处内容
应与幸福相关。此外,空处于逗号前,逗号后为完整的句子,空处应为从句。
A项符合语境。
2.___
F
解析:空前讲基因和环境因素都可能会影响我们的幸福指数和情绪,空后讲
许多研究已经发现了心理健康和身体健康之间的联系;空处内容应与情绪
和身心相关。F项承上启下,符合语境。
考场练兵·实战训练
3.___
G
解析:上一段讲“积极的心理特征和较低的心脏病得病率之间有联系”,G项
与上文形成转折关系,且引出下文,符合语境。
4.___
C
解析:根据上文和下文内容可知,空处内容应与研究相关,说明目前这些
研究只能显示出关联。C项中的these studies与下文中的they相对应,且
associations与下文中的associated相呼应,符合语境。
考场练兵·实战训练
5.___
E
解析:根据上文中的“happiness is specifically ‘enjoyment of life’”可知,本
段主要讲对幸福的狭义理解,即幸福就是享受生活,空处内容应与享受生活
相关。E项承上启下,符合语境。
三、完型填空
考场练兵·实战训练
(2025·南昌一模)I passed my test when I was 19, and I've been
behind the wheel for most journeys since. After becoming a.1. _______eight
years ago, I became more dependent on my car, thinking that it meant
security for me and my child. I couldn't. .2.______________)__ ______.a world where I didn't
get around on four wheels, but that all. .3______ .when I tried going car-free.
Earlier this year, I . . .4. _____.____________________for a challenge posed by the climate charity
to see what it would be like without my car for three weeks. I. .5. ____. a
bike. Straight away, I enjoyed having a break from driving, especially on
D.parent
A.imagine
C.changed
B.signed up
B.bought
考场练兵·实战训练
the. .6. _______.run. What was once an unpredictable trip to my daughter's
school often stuck in traffic was now a. .7._____ _____.ride along the canal.
And my daughter loved every moment of it, which gave me the. .8. _____.to
know that we were doing the right thing.
Giving up my car didn't come without its. .9. ___________._____-_-___-. I work in a
grocery, and although there are . .10.——————————————————__ _______.——————___car parking space, there isn't
Enough bike parking space to. .11. _______.my bike securely. On balance, the
benefits outweighed the disadvantages. I felt myself getting. .12.__ _______
.__because I was getting exercise during my commute (通勤的路程).
I saved a bit of money every week just like other participants in this. .13.___ __..
A.school
C.fun
A.reason
A.shortcomings
B.sufficient
C.lock
D.fitter
C.trial
考场练兵·实战训练
I was surprised by how. .14. ________.it was to give up the car and
get around on my bike. I. .15.____ ______.to think it was my duty as a parent
to Be a driver. Now it's my duty to get on my bike whenever I can.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者曾经是一位依赖
汽车的人,经过一次挑战三周不开车而骑自行车去接送女儿的经历后,发
现这样不仅有趣、锻炼了身体,还节省了油钱。作者认为整体来说这样做
利大于弊,并将继续进行下去。
A.pleasant
B.used
考场练兵·实战训练
1.( ) A.worker B.shopkeeper C.student D.parent
解析:根据下文中的“thinking that it meant security for me and my child”
可知,作者八年前已经成为一位父(母)(parent)了。
2.( ) A.imagine B.enter C.create D.explore
解析:根据上文中的“I became more dependent on my car, thinking that
it meant security for me and my child”可知,作者成为一位父(母)后,
变得更加依赖汽车,作者不能想象(imagine)没有汽车的情况。
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考场练兵·实战训练
3.( ) A.happened B.worked C.changed D.mattered
解析:根据上文中的but及下文内容可知,当作者尝试无车出行的时候一切
都改变(change)了。
4.( ) A.headed off B.signed up C.calmed down D.checked up
解析:根据语境及下文作者没有用车出行可知,作者今年早些时候报名参
加(sign up)了气候慈善机构提出的挑战,看看不使用汽车三周会是什么
样子。
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考场练兵·实战训练
5.( ) A.switched B.bought C.transformed D.donated
解析:根据上文中的“a challenge...without my car for three weeks”及常识
可推知,作者买(buy)了一辆自行车。
6.( ) A.school B.grocery C.family D.office
解析:根据下文中的“an unpredictable trip to my daughter's school”可知,
作者尤其享受不开车接送女儿上下学(school)的状态。
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考场练兵·实战训练
7.( ) A.wild B.dangerous C.fun D.busy
解析:根据语境及下文中的“my daughter loved every moment of it”可知,
因为以前作者开车去女儿的学校经常堵车,现在骑自行车了,能沿着运河
骑行,作者应是觉得很有趣(fun)。
8.( ) A.reason B.hope C.lesson D.money
解析:根据上文内容及语境可知,作者的女儿喜欢骑行的每一刻,这让作
者有理由(reason)知道其正在做正确的事情。
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考场练兵·实战训练
9.( ) A.shortcomings B.doubts C.requirements D.rewards
解析:根据下文中的“although...there isn't enough bike parking space”可知,
放弃开车是有缺点(shortcoming)的,虽然有足够的(sufficient)汽车停车
位,但没有充足的自行车停车位。
10.( ) A.permanent B.sufficient C.few D.free
解析:参见上题解析。
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考场练兵·实战训练
11.( ) A.clean B.ride C.lock D.repair
解析:根据语境及常识可知,停放自行车时要把车锁(lock)好。
12.( ) A.smarter B.richer C.luckier D.fitter
解析:根据下文中的“I was getting exercise during my commute”可知,在
通勤期间作者锻炼了身体,感觉自己的身体更加健康(fitter)。
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考场练兵·实战训练
13.( ) A.stay B.research C.trial D.conference
解析:根据上文中的“a challenge...for three weeks”可知,作者报名参加了
一个慈善机构发出的挑战,看看三周不开车会怎样,由此可知,这是一项
试验(trial)。
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考场练兵·实战训练
14.( ) A.pleasant B.awkward C.precious D.anxious
解析:根据上文内容可知,作者通过这次挑战不开车而骑自行车的经历后,
既感到有趣又锻炼了身体,还节省了油钱,由此可知,作者认为这样做是
令人愉悦的(pleasant)。
15.( ) A.failed B.used C.started D.continued
解析:根据下文中的Now及语境可知,作者过去(used to)认为作为父母,
自己有责任成为一名司机。
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考场练兵·实战训练
四、书面表达
假定你是李华,你的英国笔友Chris发来邮件,想了解你进入高中后的新生活。请你用英语给他回一封邮件,内容包括:
你如何适应新环境(如:学习方式、人际关系);
高中生活与初中的主要不同;
你未来的目标或计划。
注意:
词数100左右;
可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
文中必须使用至少一个定语从句和现在完成时的句式。
感谢聆听
Confidence comes from preparation.
信心源于充分的准备。
教师寄语
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