内容正文:
现在完成时
1、 概念:现在完成时的结构是have\has+过去分词,可以用来表示:
①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(已完成用法)
例: She has lost her keys. (她丢了钥匙 → 现在无法开门)
②从过去持续到现在的动作或状态。(未完成用法)
例: He has lived here for 10 years. (他住在这里10年 → 至今仍在住)
2、 现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别
1.一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
I saw this film yesterday.(强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。)
I have seen this film.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)
Yesterday was terrible! First I lost my key,then I missed the bus....(仅陈述过去的事情)
Sorry I am late. I have lost my key and had to find a spare.(丢了钥匙,对现在产生了影响,我迟到了。)
2.一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用,如,1)yesterday 昨天;the day before yesterday 前天;yesterday morning/ afternoon /evening昨天早上/昨天中午/昨天晚上;2)last系列,如last week/Monday/month等;3)ago系列,three days ago, two months ago, one year ago, long long ago等;4)in+过去的时间 in 1998 5)just now 刚才;once upon a time 从前
3、 现在完成时的四个基本句型
句型
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + have/has + 过去分词
He has finished the work.
否定句
主语 + have/has + not+ 过去分词
He has not finished the work.
一般疑问句
Have/Has + 主语+过去分词?
Has he finished the work?
特殊疑问句
疑问词 + have/has + 主语 +过去分词?
What has he done?
4、 标志词
1 已经:already(肯定句),yet(否定、疑问句)
2 最近:recently,lately, in recently days
3 至今:so far,until now, up to now
4 次数:once,twice,three times...
5 表经验:never, ever, before
6 要与延续性动词连用
提问用:how long
5、
6、 非延续性动词转换为延续性动词
borrow-keep
come/go/arrive-be in/at
become-be
leave-be away
buy-have
begin/start-be on
die-be dead
finish-be over
例句:
I have borrowed the book for 2 weeks. (×)
I have kept the book for 2 weeks.(√)
7、 have been to、have gone to、have been in的区分
短语
含义
例句
have been to
去过某地(已返回)
She has been to Japan twice.
have gone to
去了某地(未返回)
Tom has gone to Shanghai.
have been in
在某地停留多久(+时间段)
They have been in China for 10 years.
8、 常考句式
It is the first/second time that... (从句用现在完成时)
It is the first time that she has spoken in public. (这是她首次公开演讲)
This is the + 最高级 + 名词 + that... (从句用现在完成时)
This is the most challenging task I have ever handled. (这是我处理过最具挑战的任务)
【考点剖析】
考点1、现在完成时的构成:助动词have(has)+ 过去分词
1.— you ever Han Hong sing live?
—Of course. A couple of times in different cities.
A.Have; seen B.Did; see C.Do; see D.Are; seeing
2.It’s nice to see you again. We ________ each other since 2016.
A.won’t see B.haven’t seen C.don’t see D.didn’t see
考点2、现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较
1. —Hi, I ________ you for a long time.
—I ________ in Hong Kong. I’ve just come back.
A.haven’t seen; shall be B.didn’t see; will be
C.haven’t seen; was D.haven’t seen; am
考点3、since 和 for 的用法
1.It has been five years ________ he graduated from that junior high school.
A.since B.when C.till D.though
2.I’ve had this magazine ________ a couple of months. But the stories inside are still interesting.
A.for B.in C.since
考点4、have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法
1.—Have you seen Dr Adams recently? —No. He _________ Hong Kong for an meeting.
A.has gone in B.has been in C.has gone to D.has been to
2.—Where’s your father? —He’s not at home. He’s __________ Beijing for three days.
A.gone to B.been to C.been in D.went to
3.We _______ Beijing many times, so we know it very well.
A.have been in B.went to C.have been to D.have gone to
考点5、短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换
1. —How long have you ________ your watch? It looks new.
—For only three days.
A.had B.received C.bought D.borrowed
2.— How long has the film ________?
— For only ten minutes.
A.been on B.begun C.started D.been in
【真题演练】
1.—________ your homework?
—Not yet. I’ll finish it in ten minutes.
A.Did you finish B.Have you finished C.Will you finish D.Do you finish
2.I joined the book club last month and I _________ five books already.
A.am reading B.have read C.will read D.read
3.—Miss Zhang seems quite familiar with Yunnan Province.
—Don't you know? She ________ a town school there as a volunteer teacher for over 2 years.
A.is in B.has gone to C.has been in D.has been to
4.My cousin ________ this book for one month. He must return it to the library now.
A.has borrowed B.is borrowing C.has had D.has kept
5.I ________ this bike for three years. I like it so much.
A.bought B.had C.have bought D.have had
6.—Your scarf is so beautiful! When did you buy it?
—On my 18th birthday. I ________ it for 6 years.
A.bought B.will have C.have had D.have bought
7.—Why are you in such a hurry?
—Because the class ________ for 10 minutes.
A.has been on B.has begun C.is on D.begins
8.— Luke, do you love country music?
— Of course I do. I have ________ a fan of it for ten years.
A.turned B.become C.been D.got
【过关检测】
一、单项选择
1.Mr. Smith ________ Chinese for two years. He’s much better at it now.
A.learns B.was learning C.has learned D.will learn
2.—Do you know Mount Wudang in Shiyan?
—Yes, I _________ it twice. It’s fantastic.
A.had climbed B.climb C.climbed D.have climbed
3.I ________ this bike for three years. I like it so much.
A.bought B.had C.have bought D.have had
4.—Mum, where is David?
— He ________ to see the science fiction film Back to the future.
A.is going B.goes C.has gone D.was going
5.Over the past few months, Chinese COVID vaccines (疫苗) ________ in many other countries.
A.have arrived B.arrived C.will arrive D.had arrived
6.—Why are you in such a hurry?
—Because the class ________ for 10 minutes.
A.has been on B.has begun C.is on D.begins
7.— Dad, I can’t find my school ID card. Did you see it?
— No, I didn’t. I think you ________ it!
A.lose B.will lose C.have lost D.are losing
8.China ________ great achievements in science and technology since 1978.
A.makes B.made C.has made D.is made
9.I saw Julia in April and I ________ her since then.
A.don’t see B.didn’t see C.won’t see D.haven’t seen
10.—How long ________ you ________ chemistry so far?
—For almost one year.
A.are; studying B.do; study C.have; studied D.will; study
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
11.So far, she ____________ (spend) so much time looking after her children that she has to give up her job as a teacher.
12.I __________(learn)English for ten years.
13.I hear someone ____________ (offer) you some useful advice already.
14.The place ____________ (develop) from a small village into a tourist centre in the past few years.
15.How long ________ your mother ________ (be) in hospital.
【考点剖析】答案与解析
考点1、现在完成时的构成:助动词have(has)+ 过去分词
1. A — "Have; seen"(你曾经看过韩红现场演唱吗?)
解析: "ever" 常用于现在完成时,表示"曾经",结构为 "have/has + 过去分词"。
2. B — "haven’t seen"(自2016年以来我们就没见过面了。)
解析: "since 2016" 表示从过去某一时间点持续到现在,用现在完成时。
考点2、现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较
1. C — "haven’t seen; was"(我好久没见你了。——我过去在香港,刚回来。)
解析: 第一空表示从过去持续到现在的动作(完成时),第二空表示过去的状态(一般过去时)。
考点3、since 和 for 的用法
1. A — "since"(自从他从那所初中毕业已经五年了。)
解析: "since" 后接时间点(如 graduation),"for" 后接时间段(如 five years)。
2. A — "for"(我有这本杂志几个月了。)
解析: "a couple of months" 是时间段,用 "for"。
考点4、have been in, have been to 与 have gone to 的用法
1. C — "has gone to"(他去了香港开会。)
解析: "have gone to" 表示某人已去某地(尚未返回)。
2. C — "been in"(他在北京待了三天。)
解析: "have been in" 表示在某地停留一段时间(延续性)。
3. C — "have been to"(我们去过北京多次,所以很熟悉。)
解析: "have been to" 表示曾经去过某地(已返回)。
考点5、短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换
1. A — "had"(你买这块表多久了?——才三天。)
解析: "how long" 询问时间段,需用延续性动词;"buy" 是短暂性动词,转换为 "have"。
2. A — "been on"(电影开始多久了?——才十分钟。)
解析: "begin/start" 是短暂性动词,不能与时间段连用,需转换为 "be on"(表示状态延续)。
【真题演练】答案与解析
1. B — "Have you finished"(你做完作业了吗?——还没,我十分钟后完成。)
解析: "not yet" 表示动作尚未完成,强调对现在的影响,用现在完成时。
2. B — "have read"(我上个月加入读书俱乐部,已经读了五本书。)
解析: "already" 表示动作已完成,用现在完成时。
3. C — "has been in"(她在那所乡镇学校当志愿者老师已经两年多了。)
解析: "for over 2 years" 是时间段,需用延续性动词 "have been in"。
4. D — "has kept"(我表弟借这本书一个月了,现在必须归还。)
解析: "for one month" 是时间段,"borrow" 是短暂性动词,需转换为 "keep" 或 "have"。
5. D — "have had"(我买这辆自行车三年了,非常喜欢。)
解析: "for three years" 是时间段,"buy" 需转换为 "have"。
6. C — "have had"(我买了六年了。)
解析: "for 6 years" 是时间段,"buy" 需转换为 "have"。
7. A — "has been on"(因为课已经开始十分钟了。)
解析: "for 10 minutes" 是时间段,"begin" 需转换为 "be on"。
8. C — "been"(我成为乡村音乐的粉丝已经十年了。)
解析: "for ten years" 是时间段,"become" 是短暂性动词,需转换为 "be"。
【过关检测】答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. C — "has learned"(史密斯先生学中文两年了,现在好多了。)
解析: "for two years" 是时间段,用现在完成时。
2. D — "have climbed"(是的,我爬过两次。)
解析: "twice" 表示经历,用现在完成时。
3. D — "have had"(我买这辆自行车三年了。)
解析: 同真题第5题。
4. C — "has gone"(他去看科幻电影《回到未来》了。)
解析: "have gone to" 表示已去某地(未返回)。
5. A — "have arrived"(过去几个月,中国新冠疫苗已抵达许多国家。)
解析: "over the past few months" 表示从过去持续到现在,用现在完成时。
6. A — "has been on"(因为课已经开始十分钟了。)
解析: 同真题第7题。
7. C — "have lost"(我认为你弄丢了!)
解析: 强调对现在的影响(找不到),用现在完成时。
8. C — "has made"(自1978年以来,中国在科技领域取得了巨大成就。)
解析: "since 1978" 表示从过去持续到现在,用现在完成时。
9. D — "haven’t seen"(自那以后我就没见过她。)
解析: "since then" 表示从过去某一时间点持续到现在,用现在完成时。
10. C — "have; studied"(到目前为止你学化学多久了?)
解析: "so far" 表示从过去持续到现在,用现在完成时。
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
11. has spent(到目前为止,她花了太多时间照顾孩子,不得不放弃教师工作。)
解析: "so far" 用现在完成时。
12. have learned(我学英语十年了。)
解析: "for ten years" 是时间段,用现在完成时。
13. has offered(我听说有人已经给了你一些有用的建议。)
解析: "already" 表示动作已完成,用现在完成时。
14. has developed(过去几年,这个地方从小村庄发展成了旅游中心。)
解析: "in the past few years" 表示从过去持续到现在,用现在完成时。
15. has; been(你母亲住院多久了?)
解析: "how long" 询问时间段,需用延续性动词 "be" 的完成时。
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