Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Extended reading & Project & Assessment(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（译林版）

Section Ⅲ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．loose adj.不受约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的 2．damp adj.潮湿的，湿气重的 3．dynasty n．朝，代；王朝 4．multiple adj.数量多的，多样的 5．plain adj.朴素的，简单的；清楚的 n．平原 6．slice n．薄片，片；部分，份额 vt.把……切成片；切开，割破 7．chef n．主厨，厨师 8．property n．性质，特性；所有物，财产；不动产 9．concept n．概念，观念 10．appetite n．食欲，胃口；强烈欲望 11．delicate adj.精致的，精细的，精密的；易损的，易碎的，脆弱的 12．steam vt.&vi.蒸；散发蒸汽 n．水蒸气；蒸汽动力；水汽 13．cabbage n．甘蓝，卷心菜 14．edge n．边，边缘；刀口 15．apart adv.成碎片；分开；相隔 拓展词汇 16．expand vt.&vi.增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述→expandable adj.可扩大的，可放大的→expansion n．扩大；增加；扩张 17．appropriate adj.合适的→appropriately adv.适当地 18．estimate vt.估计，估价n.估计；估计的成本→estimation n．估计，估算；评价，判断→estimator n．估计量；估计值；评价者 19．consume vt.吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间)→consumer n．消费者→consumption n．消费 20．essential adj.必不可少的；本质的，基本的→essentially adv.本质上，根本上 21．innovation n．创造，创新；新思想，新方法→innovate vt.&vi.创新，革新，改革→innovative adj.创新的，革新的，新颖的→innovator n．创新者，革新者 22．stimulate vt.促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋→stimulation n．促进，激发；刺激→stimulative adj.激励性的，有促进作用的→stimulating adj.使人兴奋的；饶有趣味的 23．emphasis n．强调，重视；重读→emphasize vt.强调，着重→emphatic adj.强调的；有力的；坚决的 24．wrapper n．(食品等的)包装材料，包装纸→wrap vt.包、裹；(用手臂等)围住 25．mixture n．混合物；混合，结合→mix vt.&vi.混合；调配 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．let sth loose释放；放任 2．in the middle of在……中间 3．be covered with...被……覆盖 4．start off启程，动身；(使)开始；起初(是)，最初(是) 5．in the beginning开始时，一开始，起初 6．over time随着时间的推移 7．appeal to(对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣 8．be famous for因……而出名 9．in particular尤其；特别地；格外地 10．be appropriate for/to适用于；合乎 11．hit the spot使人满意，正合需要 12．take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功 13．fall apart破碎，破裂；崩溃 14．have difficulty (in) doing sth在做某事方面有困难或麻烦 15．make a list of列出……的名单 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．The hot flavour quickened our laughter and conversation，making the meal the perfect way to relax with friends. 热腾腾的味道加快了我们的笑声和交谈，使这顿饭成为与朋友放松的最佳方式。 2．Nowadays，people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing! 现在人们一年四季吃咸鸭，据估计每天南京就消耗几万只鸭子！ 3．In Guangzhou，morning tea is such an essential part of the daily routine that “Have you had your tea？” has become the local version of “Good morning.” 在广州，早茶是日常生活中必不可少的一部分，“你喝茶了吗？”已经成为当地版的“早上好”。 4．Use water to stick the edges together if necessary. 如果有必要，用水把边缘粘在一起。 5．Don't overfill the dumplings，or they will fall apart when you boil them. 不要把馅放太多，否则煮饺子时会破皮的。 Ⅰ.Read the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1．What food ingredient is not included in Sichuan hot pot? A．Sichuan peppers.　　 B．Spring onions. C．Chillies. D．Fish and chips. 2．When may Sichuan hot pot date back to? A．The late Qing Dynasty. B．The early Qing Dynasty. C．The late Ming Dynasty. D．The early Ming Dynasty. 3．What can we know about Nanjing salted duck? A．It is Nanjing's famous food import. B．The meat is a bit fat but juicy. C．It takes a few days to make. D．Its process includes salting, boiling and frying. 4．Why is Nanjing salted duck so famous? A．The countryside around Nanjing has waterways. B．The duck is regarded to have cooling properties. C．Every year, tens of thousands of ducks are consumed. D．The duck has its unique flavour and taste. 5．What can we learn from the fifth paragraph? A．Cantonese dim sum dates from Tang Dynasty. B．Cantonese dim sum is only served in the teahouse. C．Cantonese dim sum has been changed since the 1850s. D．Cantonese dim sum has around 100 offerings at most. 6．Why do people in Guangdong go to the restaurant to have morning tea? A．To have the breakfast. B．To enjoy a long list of dim sum. C．To taste the typical beef balls. D．To have conversations on business, family or pleasure. 答案：1～6　DACDCD Ⅱ.Master the key content of the text. Eating in China Sichuan hot pot •It is famous both at home and abroad and the hot flavour is enough to heat up a cold midwinter evening or to 1.let loose rivers of sweat on a summer afternoon. •Sichuan hot pots which date from 2.the late Qing Dynasty on the Yangtze River are 3. perfect for the damp, foggy climate. •Over time, it has expanded to include 4.multiple options, appealing to people of different tastes. Nanjing salted duck •Salted duck is the most famous 5.food export in Nanjing. •Traditionally, duck is considered to have cooling properties, so it is appropriate for the 6.hot summer months. •Nowadays, people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that 7.tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing！ Cantonese dim sum •Morning tea is an 8.essential part of the daily routine in Guangzhou. •The 9.innovation of the mid­19th century was to serve tea together with 10.a variety of light dishes，or dim sum. •Now the restaurants stimulate customers' 11.appetite with many delicate and delicious choices. •The morning tea's 12.emphasis is rather on conversation about business, family or pleasure. Ⅲ.Complete the passage according to the text. Sichuan hot pot is famous in China, which is to heat up a cold midwinter evening or to let loose rivers of sweat on a summer afternoon.When we are having it, its surface is often covered 1.with a beautiful layer of chillies，etc.The hot flavour quickened our laughter and conversation, 2.making (make) the meal the perfect way to relax with friends.Sichuan hot pots are suitable for the damp, 3.foggy (fog) climate.They are believed to have started off in the late Qing Dynasty.Over time, it 4.has expanded (expand) to include multiple options. Salted duck is Nanjing's most famous food.5.Served (serve) plain in thin, white slices, the meat is juicy and salty.Each Nanjing salted duck takes several days to prepare, and the process includes salting, drying, boiling and cooling.The countryside around Nanjing is famous for its ducks for centuries and 6.its (it) history can be back to the late Qing Dynasty.7.Traditionally (tradition), duck is considered to have cooling 8.properties (property) and is appropriate for the hot summer months. Cantonese dim sum is 9.an essential part of the people's daily life in Guangzhou.Teahouses have been common since the Tang Dynasty, but the real innovation happened in the mid­19th century.The Cantonese go to the restaurants to have conversation about business, family or pleasure, 10.where locals can spend hours together chatting, drinking tea and working their way through the menu. [核心词汇·练透] loose adj.不爱约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的 (1)let sth loose　释放；放任 let sb loose 释放某人 come loose 松动；脱落 (2)loosen vt. 解开或使松；放宽，放松 loosen up (肌肉)松弛；做准备活动；放松；(情况)缓和 (3)loosely adv. 放松地 [经典佳句]　Cover the burnt area gently with a loose clean cloth. 用一块宽松干净的布料轻轻地覆盖住烧伤部分。 His clothes seemed too big for him.His shirt collar was loose on his throat. 他的衣服看起来太大了，衬衣领口松松垮垮的。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①This kind of behavior can loosen(loose) your connection with your friends. ②The investigation had aimed at a loosely(loose) organized group of criminals. expand vt.&vi.增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述 (1)expand on sth　详细阐明；充分叙述 expand in... 在……方面膨胀 expand into... 扩展成为……，膨胀成…… (2)expansion n. 扩大；扩张 [经典佳句]　His studio was expanded into a big company. 他的工作室扩大规模而成为一家大公司了。 Could you expand on this point，please? 请你把这一点详细说明一下，好吗？ [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①With ten years' hard work，he finally expanded his firm into a big company. ②The president used today's speech to expand on remarks he made last month. ③Even though Buddhism entered China much earlier，it did not really begin to show expansion(expand) until the seventh century. in particular尤其；特别地；格外地 (1)particular adj.　特定的；特别的；讲究的 be particular about/over sth 对某事讲究/挑剔 (2)particularly adv.(＝in particular) 尤其；特别地；特殊地 [经典佳句]　She has already tried her best.Please don't be too particular about her job. 她已经尽了最大的努力。请不要对她的工作太挑剔了。 In India，particularly outside cities，young women are expected to move in with their husband's family when they get married. 在印度，尤其是在城市以外的地方，年轻女性结婚后会搬到丈夫家里住。 [佳句背诵] A lot of places of interest in Beijing attract his attention，the Great Wall in particular. 北京的许多名胜吸引了他的注意，尤其是长城。 [语境助记] We need a particular person to help solve the problem.He can't be particular about daily life，food in particular. 我们需要一个特别的人来帮忙解决这个问题。他不能对日常生活挑剔，尤其是食物。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①The boy is particularly(particular) interested in making model planes. ②This kind of food is rich in nutrition，and in particular it contains a lot of minerals. ③She is so particular about/over her housework that servants will not work for her. 完成句子 ④他是个思想很开放的人，不会计较这些小事。 He is a very open­minded man，and won't be particular about/over these small things. appropriate adj.合适的 (1)be appropriate to/for　适用于；合乎 be appropriate to do sth 做某事是合适的 It is appropriate that sb(should) do 某人做……是合适的 (2)appropriately adv. 适当地；合适地 inappropriate (反义词) adj. 不适当的 [经典佳句]　The cartoon Tom and Jerry is appropriate not only for children but also for adults. 动画片《猫和老鼠》不仅适合儿童看，而且适合成年人看。 The government has been accused of not responding appropriately to the needs of the homeless. 政府未采取恰当的措施回应无家可归者的需要，为此已受到谴责。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①It is not appropriate to ask(ask) such personal questions in an interview. ②It's necessary for you to make your child know that you expect him to act appropriately (appropriate) toward other people. ③Sports clothes are not appropriate for a formal wedding. estimate vt.估计，估价n.估计；估计的成本 (1)estimate that　　　　　估计…… estimate...at... 估计……为…… (2)estimation n. 估计，估算；评价，判断 in sb's estimation 根据某人的判断 (3)estimator n. 估计量；估计值；评价者 [经典佳句]　We just need an estimate of the number of people who will come. 我们只需估算一下有多少人会来。 Who is the best candidate in your estimation? 你认为谁是最合适的人选？ [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Police estimate the crowd at 30,000. ②The tree is estimated(estimate) to be at least 700 years old. ③In your estimation(estimate)，who's going to win? consume vt.吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间) (1)be consumed with...　被……所折磨 consume...in (doing) sth　 把……用在(做)某事上 (2)consumer n. 顾客，消费者 consumption n. (精力、油、电等的)消耗量 [经典佳句]　Consumers should take action to defend their rights. 消费者应该采取行动来维护他们的权益。 In terms of shopping online，I tend to consult consumption ratings whatever I purchase. 在网上购物方面，无论我买什么都倾向于查阅消费排名。 [佳句背诵] Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. 照明约占美国总用电量的7%。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①He was consumed with guilt after the accident. ②According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research，both the size and consumption(consume) habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. ③What would happen if consumers(consume) replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function？ hit the spot使人满意，正合需要 spot vt.　看见；注意到；发现 n. 地点；处所；斑点；污迹 spot sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事 be spotted with 散布；点缀 on the spot/scene 当场；在现场 [经典佳句]　I was waiting for my friend when I suddenly spotted a man not far from me staring at me. 我在等朋友，突然发现在离我不远处有个男人正盯着我。 The windscreen was spotted with rain. 挡风玻璃上点点滴滴全是雨水。 [佳句背诵] One morning I spotted a lost lamb when I was in the top field，near where a motorway cuts through my land. 一天早上，当我站在高速公路穿过的土地上时，我发现了一只迷路的羔羊。 [名师点津] spot作“地点”讲，用作定语从句的先行词时，从句如缺状语则用where引导定语从句，从句如缺主语或宾语则用that/which引导定语从句。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①On the way，we spotted a man holding(hold) a piece of paper that said，“Lost my job.Family to Feed.” ②Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. ③He was dressed in a coat，which was spotted(spot) with stars. essential adj.必不可少的；本质的，基本的 (1)be essential to/for　　对……很重要 It is essential that...(should) do... 做……是完全必要的 It is essential (for sb) to do... (对某人来说)做……是完全必要的 (2)essentially adv. 本质上，根本上 [经典佳句]　French and German are deemed essential. 法语和德语被认为是必不可少的。 It is essential that we (should) deal with the problem. 我们很有必要处理这个问题。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①It is essential that every child (should) have(have) the same educational opportunities. ②It is essential to set(set) your goal before you do anything. ③Sun and water are essential to/for the growth of crops. 完成句子 ④丰富多样的文化生活对这对夫妇而言是至关重要的。 A rich and varied cultural life is essential to/for this couple. take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功 take back　 收回，拿回；收回前言 take down 写下；记下 take in 包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留 take out a loan 取得贷款 take over 接收；接管；取代 take up 占用；占据；开始从事 [经典佳句]　Oh，I have to go in.My flight will take off soon.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) 哦，我得进去了。我的航班很快起飞。 I'm sorry I've already taken up so much of your valuable time. 对不起，我占用了你这么多宝贵时间。 [即学活用] 用take短语完成下列语段 18岁时，他接管了父亲的公司。作为总经理，他吸纳了大量人才，这使他的公司呈现新的面貌。最终，他的事业获得成功。 ①At the age of 18，he took over his father's company.As a chief manager，he took in a number of talents，which made his company take on a new look.At last，his career took off. 写出下列句中take off的含义 ②Hurry up.The plane will take off in about half an hour.起飞 ③She got a cold as soon as she took off her coat when she got home from work.脱掉 ④After his third film，his career of film performance took off.开始成功 mixture n．混合物；混合，结合 (1)mix vt.&vi.　　混合；调配 n. 结合；配料，混合料；混录；混音 mix sth with sth 把某物与某物混合起来 mix with sth 与某物相融合 mix up 弄错；弄乱；混淆 (2)mixed adj. 混合的；混杂的；掺杂在一起的 [经典佳句]　He never mixes business with his private feelings. 他从不在工作中掺入他的私人感情。 They look so alike that it's easy to mix them up. 他们长得很像，很容易把他们弄混。 [佳句背诵] As is known to us，oil can't mix with water. 众所周知，油不能与水混合。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①This paint mixes easily with water. ②You're always mixing me up with my twin sister. ③The mixed drink consists of juice and alcohol and the mixture made me sick.(mix) ④Mixing(mix)red paint with blue paint，you will get another paint in a different colour. apart adv.成碎片；分开；相隔 fall apart　破碎，破裂；崩溃 tear apart 使(关系密切的人)分离，分开 set apart from 使与众不同；使突出；使优于…… take...apart 将……拆开/拆分 tell...apart 分辨出…… set sb apart 使某人与众不同 apart from 除……之外(都)；除……之外(尚有) [经典佳句]　The deal fell apart when we failed to agree on the price. 我们在价格上未能达成一致意见，生意吹了。 You can tell my twin brother and me apart by this mark on my face. 你可以从我脸上的疤痕分辨出我和我的孪生兄弟。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①You should take the television apart to see what is wrong with it. ②Apart from the cost，the dress doesn't suit me. 完成句子 ③这对双胞胎长得很像，我几乎分不清他们。 The twins are so much alike that I hardly tell them apart.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [重点句型·通关] (教材P11)The hot flavour quickened our laughter and conversation，making the meal the perfect way to relax with friends. 热腾腾的味道加快了我们的笑声和交谈，使这顿饭成为与朋友放松的最佳方式。 动词­ing形式短语making the meal the perfect way to relax with friends在句中作结果状语。 (1)动词­ing形式短语作结果状语则表示“自然而然的结果”。 动词­ing形式作状语还可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随和方式等，可相当于一个状语从句。 (2)不定式短语作结果状语，表示意料不到的结果。 Mr.Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references，making his tale a well­rounded picture of Uzbekistan，seen from Western eyes. 比斯尔先生巧妙地将历史见解和文化素材组织起来，使他的故事从西方人的视角全方面地描绘了乌兹别克斯坦。 They stood there for half an hour，watching the stars in the sky. 他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。 [佳句背诵] Lamb and mother reunited，I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. 羊羔和妈妈重聚了，我转身向拖拉机走去，结果却发现它突然远离了我。 [名师点津] 动词不定式作结果状语时，常表示出乎意料的结果，其前可加only或never。而现在分词作结果状语则表示必然的或合乎逻辑的结果，这时其前可加thus。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①The news shocked the public，leading(lead) to great concern about students' safety at school. ②Finding(find) the course very difficult，she decided to move to a lower level. ③He hurried to the station，only to find(find) the train gone. (教材P13)Use water to stick the edges together if necessary. 如果有必要，用水把边缘粘在一起。 if necessary “如果有必要”，是 if 引导的条件状语从句(if it is necessary) 的省略形式。 if构成的其他省略形式： if so　如果是这样的话 if not 如果不这样的话 if ever 如果有过/发生过的话 if any 如果有的话 if possible 如果有可能 I think there's a train at midday.If not，you'll have to wait till 12：30. 我想正午会有一班火车。要是没有，你只能等到12点半了。 If possible，try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day. 如果可能的话，尝试每天都在同一时间睡觉和起床。 [佳句背诵] If so，you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. 如果是这样的话，你可能会惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。 [即学活用] 用省略形式改写下列句子 ①If it's convenient，you can come here at any time. →If convenient，you can come here at any time. ②Come tomorrow if it is possible. →Come tomorrow if possible. (教材P13)Don't overfill the dumplings，or they will fall apart when you boil them. 不要把馅放太多，否则煮饺子时会破皮的。 该句属于“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”句型，其中陈述句常用一般将来时。or表示转折，若表示顺承关系，把or换成and。 (1)祈使句＋or＋陈述句，or表示“否则，要不然”，or可用or else或otherwise替换。 (2)祈使句＋破折号＋陈述句，破折号与and的作用相似。 (3)名词词组＋and＋陈述句，名词词组中通常含more，another，further，earlier等词。 Close the door of fear behind you，and you will see the door of faith open before you. 关上恐惧之门，你就会看见信心之门在你面前敞开。 One more hour and I'll get the work finished. 再有一个小时，我将把工作做完。 [佳句背诵] Don't give up or you will achieve nothing. 不要放弃，否则你会一事无成。 [即学活用] 一句多译 充分利用各种条件，我们就能取得成功。 A．Make the most of all kinds of conditions，and we will achieve success.(祈使句) B．If you make the most of all kinds of conditions，we will achieve success.(if从句) C．Making the most of all kinds of conditions，we will achieve success.(分词作状语) Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Expanding(expand) your knowledge by reading more books is a wise choice. 2．As we all know，sports clothes are not appropriate for a formal occasion. 3．Seen from a distance，the valley was a mixture(mix) of endless colours. 4．My mother is very good at cooking and her dishes always hit the spot. 5．The product suddenly took off in September. 6．The deal is estimated(estimate) to be worth around $1.5 million. 7．I think people have loosened(loose) up their standards. 8．I noticed his eyes in particular because they are very small and bright. 9．Gas and oil consumption(consume) always increases in cold weather. 10．His analysis of urban use of agricultural land has been proved essentially(essential) correct. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．当心，否则你会有危险的。 Take care，or/otherwise you will be in danger. 2．他的父母早亡，他成了孤儿。 His parents died early，leaving him an orphan. 3．必要的话，你可以向我求助。 If necessary，you can turn to me for help. 4．据说，这一家人在度假。 It is said that the whole family are on holiday. 5．天气如此热，谁也不想干活。 It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. Ⅰ.阅读理解 Summertime is often filled with outdoor parties and food trucks，meaning you're spending more time standing up and eating.But if you want to actually enjoy your meal，researchers say you're better off finding a seat. A new study published in the journal of Consumer Research finds posture impacts taste perception (感知)，with food tasting better when you're sitting down.Dipayan Biswas，professor of marketing at the University of South Florida，found that holding a standing posture for even a few minutes leads to physical stress，muting taste perception.The force of gravity pushes blood to the lower parts of the body，causing the heart to work harder to pump blood back up to the top of the body，accelerating heart rate.When people experience discomfort，foods that normally taste good do not appear as pleasant to the tongue.Biswas confirmed his assumption by having 350 participants rate the taste of a pita chip.Those who were standing gave it a less favorable rating than those who were sitting in a chair. Researchers then provided participants classic bite sized cakes baked at a local restaurant that were tested and widely considered pleasant tasting.Those who were sitting down rated them to be most delicious.However，when the baker changed the recipe and made the taste unpleasant by adding an extra cup of salt，the results were opposite.Participants standing up didn't notice the cakes tasting saltier to that extent，and actually rated them to have a relatively more favorable taste perception than those who sampled them while sitting down. “This finding suggests that parents might be able to make unpleasant­tasting，healthy foods seem more delicious to reluctant (不情愿的) children by having them eat standing up (vs.sitting down)．Also it might be beneficial to maintain a standing posture when consuming medical products that have unpleasant tastes.” In addition，the team tested posture's impact on temperature perception.Participants were provided cups of hot coffee.Those standing up reported it not being as intense as those who were sitting down.However，they drank less than those sitting，suggesting physical stress suppresses appetite.Eating while standing can also help with long­term weight loss goals.Specifically，eating while standing (vs.sitting) leads to lower amount of consumption. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。发表在《消费者研究》杂志上的一项新研究发现，姿势会影响味觉，当你坐着的时候，食物的味道会更好。站立姿势哪怕只有几分钟，也会导致身体压力，削弱味觉。 1．What's the main idea of the text? A．Summer is the best season to enjoy tasty food. B．Your posture influence your food perception. C．You had better stand up when eating food. D．Sitting down helps you enjoy your food. 解析　主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“A new study published in the journal of Consumer Research finds posture impacts taste perception，with food tasting better when you're sitting down.(发表在《消费者研究》杂志上的一项新研究发现，姿势会影响味觉，当你坐着的时候，食物的味道会更好。)”以及文章主要内容可知主要围绕你的姿势会影响你对食物的感知。故选B。 答案　B 2．Which of the following best explains “muting” underlined in Paragraph 2? A．encouraging　　　　　 B．approving C．discouraging D．disapproving 解析　词义猜测题。根据下文“The force of gravity pushes blood to the lower parts of the body，causing the heart to work harder to pump blood back up to the top of the body，accelerating heart rate.(重力将血液推到身体下部，导致心脏更加努力地工作，将血液泵回身体上部，加速心率。)”可知保持站立姿势哪怕只有几分钟，也会导致身体压力，这会削弱味觉。故可推测画线单词意思为“减弱；阻止”。故选C。 答案　C 3．According to the passage，how many experiments were conducted by Dipayan Biswas and his team? A．1　　　 B．2　　　　 C．3　　　 D．4 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Biswas confirmed his assumption by having 350 participants rate the taste of a pita chip.Those who were standing gave it a less favorable rating than those who were sitting in a chair.(Biswas让350名参与者对皮塔饼的味道打分，证实了他的假设。站着的人对它的评价不如坐在椅子上的人好。)”为第一次试验；根据第三段第一句“Researchers then provided participants classic bite sized cakes baked at a local restaurant that were tested and widely considered pleasant tasting.(然后，研究人员为参与者提供了在当地一家餐厅烘焙的经典一口大小的蛋糕，这些蛋糕经过了测试，被普遍认为味道不错。)”为第二次试验；以及最后一段第一句“In addition，the team tested posture's impact on temperature perception.(此外，研究小组还测试了姿势对温度感知的影响。)”为第三次试验。故可知Dipayan Biswas和他的团队做了三次试验。故选C。 答案　C 4．A standing position while eating is especially beneficial to those except . A．a girl who wants to keep slim B．a couple who are enjoying their dinner C．a child who is unwilling to take bitter pills D．a mum whose children refuse to eat tasteless food 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“This finding suggests that parents might be able to make unpleasant­tasting，healthy foods seem more delicious to reluctant children by having them eat standing up (vs.sitting down)．Also it might be beneficial to maintain a standing posture when consuming medical products that have unpleasant tastes.[这一发现表明，父母让孩子站着(而不是坐着)吃东西，可能会让他们觉得不喜欢吃的健康食品更美味。此外，在食用味道不佳的医疗产品时，保持站立的姿势也可能是有益的。]”可知站姿对不愿吃苦药的孩子和不愿吃无味食物的母亲是有益的，故排除C、D选项；以及最后一段最后一句“Specifically，eating while standing (vs.sitting) leads to lower amount of consumption.[具体地说，站着(相对于坐着)吃东西会减少消耗。]”可知站姿对于想要减肥的女性有益，故排除A选项。而对B选项“一对夫妇正在享受他们的晚餐”并没有益处。故选B。 答案　B Ⅱ.语法填空 A new study looked at conversations between parents and their kids when they explored a city park as well as an indoor education center.They found that talking outdoors was much more enthusiastic 1. talking inside. Researchers from the University of Manchester recorded conversations between parents and 2. (they) 3­ and 4­year­old children.They focused on children of that age because they 3. (usual) have a lot to say，but often it can be challenging 4. (hold) a conversation with them，researchers said.But being outside seemed to help. “Our research shows that 5. (nature) environments can better improve social communication，6. raises the quality of parent­child conversations，” the study author Thea Cameron Faulkner said in a statement.The study 7. (publish) in the journal of Environmental Psychology. Researchers said that there was obvious improvement in conversations held outside，but they didn't know why the communication flowed better.One explanation，they said，is that being outside in nature 8. (ease) pressure for both children and adults 9. creates a better atmosphere for easier conversations.Another explanation is that talking outside may get greater levels of attention between 10. (person)． [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，父母与孩子在户外交流时，交流会更加的畅通。 1．than　考查连词。句意：他们发现在户外交谈比在室内交谈更有激情。根据上文中的“much more enthusiastic”可知此处表示进行比较。故填than。 2．their　考查代词。句意：曼彻斯特大学的研究人员录下了父母和他们3岁和4岁孩子之间的对话。设空处后为名词children(孩子们)为名词，故设空处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填their。 3．usually　考查副词。句意：研究人员说，他们关注这个年龄段的孩子，因为他们通常有很多话要说，但通常和他们交谈是很有挑战性的。设空处后为动词，故设空处应用副词作状语。故填usually。 4．to hold　考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员说，他们关注这个年龄段的孩子，因为他们通常有很多话要说，但通常和他们交谈是很有挑战性的。 固定结构：It ＋is ＋adj.＋to do sth“做……是怎么样的”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，故设空处应为to do形式。故填to hold。 5．natural　考查形容词。句意：该研究报告的撰写者西娅·卡梅伦·福克纳在一份声明中说：“我们的研究表明，自然环境能更好地改善社会交流，从而提高父母和孩子的对话质量。”设空处后为名词，故设空处应用形容词修饰名词。故填natural。 6．which　考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。句意见上题解析。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在句中作指物的主语，先行词为communication(交流)，应用关系代词which(that不能引导非限制性定语从句)。故填which。 7．was published　考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：这项研究发表在《环境心理学》杂志上。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语之间是被动关系。叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语the study是单数，be动词用was。故填was published。 8．eases　考查谓语动词的时态。句意：他们说，一种解释是，身处大自然中可以减轻孩子和成年人的压力，并创造一个更容易交谈的氛围。句子的主语为being outside in nature(置身大自然)，设空处在句中作谓语；根据主句的谓语is，可知时态为一般现在时。动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填eases。 9．and　考查连词。句意见上题解析。设空处后的creates (创造)和上句中的eases(减轻)并列作谓语，故应用表示并列的连接词。故填and。 10．persons　考查名词的数。句意：另一种解释是，在外面交谈可能会引起人们更多的注意。设空处前为介词，设空处应用名词，设空处所给词为可数名词，且前无冠词，故应用复数形式表泛指。故填persons。 Ⅲ.写作 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)假定你是李华，上周五你们班在公园上了一堂美术课。请你给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括： 1．你完成的作品； 2．你的感想。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear Chris， I'm writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday. Yours， Li Hua One possible version： Dear Chris， I'm writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.I painted the scenery of the park，where the willow branches were dancing in the breeze(微风)and several ducks were swimming in the river peacefully and happily (定语从句)．The vibrant(鲜艳的)colors of the flowers，the sunlight reflecting off the water (现在分词短语作后置定语)and the tranquil(宁静的)atmosphere all added color to (给……增色)the painting. It was such an extraordinary and memorable experience that I would always keep it in my memory.It not only provided me with an opportunity to connect my artistic creation with nature，but also enhanced(提高)my willingness to take inspiration from(从……中汲取灵感)nature in the future. Yours， Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $