Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage & Integrated skills(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（译林版）

本高中英语讲义围绕饮食与生活主题，系统梳理基础词汇（如boil, fry, steak）、拓展词汇（如enhance及其词形变化）、重点短语（如come across, throw oneself into）及核心句型（如not only倒装句、as long as条件句），并深入讲解动词不定式作主语和表语的语法结构，构建从词汇积累到句型应用再到语法深化的学习支架。 资料特色在于通过词形拓展（如impress→impressive→impression）提升语言能力，结合易混词辨析（如scene, scenery）和句型对比培养思维品质，配套即学活用、阅读理解等练习增强学习能力。课中辅助教师高效授课，课后助力学生巩固知识、查漏补缺。

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．boil vt.&vi.用沸水煮；(使)沸腾 2．fry vt.&vi.油炸，油煎 3．steak n．牛排；肉排，肉块 4．pan n．平锅，平底锅 5．buffet n．自助餐 6．bay n．(海或湖的)湾 7．scenery n．风景，景色；舞台布景 8．bet n．打赌，赌注；预计，估计 vi.&vt.(bet，bet)下赌注，打赌；敢说 9．atmosphere n．气氛，氛围；大气；气体；空气 10．version n．变体，变种；说法；版本 11．elderly adj.年纪较大的，上了年纪的 12．bake vt.&vi.烘烤；烤硬 13．mild adj.不浓的，淡味的；暖和的；温和的；不严重的 14．bakery n．面包(糕饼)店 15．cheese n．干酪，奶酪 16．bitter adj.味苦的；激烈的；令人难过的；严寒的 17．cream n．奶油，乳脂；护肤霜 拓展词汇 18．enhance vt.提高，增强 →enhancement n．改进；增强→enhancer n．增味剂→enhanced adj.提高的；改进的；增强的 19．impress vt.&vi.使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的→impression n．印象；感想；印记 20．adorable adj.可爱的，讨人喜爱的→adore vt.崇拜；爱慕；喜爱→adorer n．崇拜者；赞美者；热爱者 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．come across偶然遇到或发现；碰见 2．a variety of各种各样的 3．step by step一步一步地 4．throw oneself into投身于，热衷于 5．take place发生；举行 6．learn about了解，得知 7．hand in上交，提交 8．pay attention to注意；留意 9．out of this world好(或美等)得不得了，非凡，呱呱叫 10．turn...into...把……变成…… 11．pick up拾起；捡起；收拾；整理；(偶然)学会；用车接某人；收听到；(身体)好转 12．because of因为；由于 13．cheer sb up使某人高兴起来，使某人振作起来 14．for the first time第一次 15．associate...with...把……和……联系在一起 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．Below is a blog entry about eating out and eating at home. 下面是一篇关于在外吃饭与在家吃饭的博文。 2．They are uploaded by users，and offer detailed instructions so that others can follow them step by step. 它们是用户上传并提供详细的说明，以便其他用户能够一步一步地跟着学。 3．Not only is cooking at home cheaper，but I can cook exactly what I want. 在家做饭不仅便宜，而且我还能做我想做的。 4．As long as you are not afraid of heights，you will be impressed by Sky Buffet，the latest restaurant in the city centre. 只要你不怕高，市中心新开的餐厅Sky Buffet会给你留下深刻印象。 5．Whenever I feel unhappy，I eat this dessert and it does make me feel better! 无论我什么时候感到不开心，就吃这种甜点，它确实让我感觉好多了！ [核心词汇·练透] come across(偶然)遇见；发现 come about　发生 come out 发表；出版；发芽 come to 苏醒；总计；达到 come up 走近；上来；发芽；发生；被提出；(太阳、月亮等)升起 come up with 想出；提出 [经典佳句]　The accident was terrible，but nobody knew how it came about. 那次事故真可怕，但无人知道它是怎么发生的。 The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. 政府花了将近三十年的时间提出了一个重新引进狼的计划。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①I hope you can come up with a better plan than this. ②How did the accident come about since he drove at a speed of sixty miles per hour? ③Perhaps I shall come across him in France. throw oneself into投身于，热衷于 throw away　扔掉，丢弃；错过 throw in 奉送，额外赠送 throw light on 帮助弄清楚；阐明某事 throw off 匆匆脱掉；摆脱 throw out 扔掉，丢弃；撵走，开除，解雇 [经典佳句]　Recent research has thrown new light on the causes of the disease. 最近的研究新发现了导致这种疾病的原因。 They threw off their clothes and dived in. 他们匆匆脱掉衣服，扎入水中。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①If you throw light on something，you make it easier to understand. ②My worn shoes have been thrown away so I have to buy a new pair. ③Pay ￡4.80 for larger prints and they throw in a free photo album. impress vt.&vi.使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到 (1)使某人牢记某事 be impressed by/at/with... 对……印象深刻 (2)impression n. 印象；感想 leave/make a(n)．..impression on sb 给某人留下……的印象 (3)impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的 [经典佳句] We were tasked to draw or paint something that impressed us most.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，写作) 我们的任务是画一些给我们印象最深刻的东西。 The audience was impressed by his amazing performance. 观众们对他令人惊讶的表演印象深刻。 [佳句背诵] Gonzales，a quiet and very polite young man，made a favourable impression. 冈萨雷斯是个文静而又很有礼貌的年轻人，给人留下了很好的印象。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①After hearing Steve's playing，Naomi was deeply impressed by/with his music. ②For some reason，she was impressed(impress) with my work and me. ③Impressing(impress)the students deeply，Mr.Li's lessons attracts more and more students. ④This is because they can make impressive(impress) movements when they dive. 句型转换 ⑤My father impressed the value of hard work on/upon me. →My father impressed me with the value of hard work. scenery n．风景，景色；舞台布景 (1)scene n．场面，镜头；现场；景色 behind the scenes 在后台，在幕后 on the scene 在场；出现；到场 appear/come on the scene 出场；登场 the scene of the accident 事故现场 (2)scenic adj. 景色优美的 [经典佳句]　Nine people died on the scene and one more person died in hospital in the car crash. 撞车事故中有9人当场死亡，还有一人在医院里死亡。 Inspired by the fantastic scenery，I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park's pond，surrounded by blooming flowers.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，写作) 受到风景的启发，我决定创作一幅水彩画，画的是公园池塘上的小桥，周围是盛开的花朵。 [佳句背诵] If you do，you won't be able to handle it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ruins everyone's day. 如果你这样做了，你将无法处理，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面，那样就破坏了每个人的一天。 [易混辨析] scene，scenery，view，sight scene 指局部的(一处的)、一眼可见的风景，不限于自然的风景；也指舞台的场景 scenery 指某一国家或地区整体的自然风景，由多个scene构成的景色，即风景的总称，是不可数名词 view 指人从某一特定地点看到的景色、风景，尤指由高处眺望到的景色 sight 指某一地区值得观赏的具有特色的人文景观、风景名胜等 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①The students were able to go behind the scenes(scene) to see how programmes were made. ②When the man was trying to break into the bank，he was caught by the police on the scene. 选词填空(scene，scenery，view，sight) ③Hangzhou is famous for its beautiful scenery.There are a lot of tourist attractions here，among which the West Lake is one.If you stand on the top of Leifeng Pagoda，you'll get a good view of it.You can see the boats on the lake making a beautiful scene.Welcome to Hangzhou and see the sights of it. pick up拾起；捡起；收拾；整理；(偶然)学会；用车接某人；收听到；(身体)好转 pick oneself up　　(跌倒后)站起来 pick off 摘掉；摘下来 pick out 挑出；辨别出；挑选；领会；理解 [经典佳句]　Carol picked herself up and brushed the dirt off her coat. 卡罗尔站起身，拍去外套上的灰尘。 That pile on the left are the ones that have been picked out for the library. 左边的那一堆是挑出来给图书馆的。 [佳句背诵] Once the book you've requested is delivered to the nearest branch，they will inform you by e­mail，so you can pick it up. 一旦你要的书被送到最近的分店，他们就会通过电子邮件通知你，这样你就可以拿到了。 [即学活用] 写出下列句中pick up的含义 ①Business has been depressed but they expect it to pick up again before Christmas.好转 ②My radio can pick up the BBC programmes clearly.收听 ③I'll pick you up at your home tomorrow.接载 ④It's surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly—he hasn't lived there very long.(偶然)学会　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [重点句型·通关] (教材P6)Not only is cooking at home cheaper，but I can cook exactly what I want. 在家做饭不仅便宜，而且我还能做我想做的。 not only...but also...意为“不但……而且……”，在该句中连接并列句，not only 位于句首，其所在的句子用部分倒装。 not only...but also...意为“不但……而且……”，主要用法： (1)用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其中的also有时可以省略。 (2)若连接两个句子，且not only 位于句首时，not only 后面的句子要用部分倒装。 (3)若连接的两个成分作主语，其谓语的单复数通常与靠近的主语保持一致。 Not only the students but also their teacher likes playing football. 不仅是学生，老师也喜欢踢足球。 As we all know，not only can reading classics improve our studying career，but also it can enrich our everyday life. 众所周知，阅读经典不仅可以改善我们的学习生涯，而且可以丰富我们的日常生活。 [佳句背诵] There，he not only did well as a student but also became an accomplished public speaker. 在那里，作为学生他不仅表现优异，而且成为了杰出的公共演说家。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①By the activities in our English club，we not only practise but also learn more English. ②Not only I but also Jane and Mary are(be) tired of having the exam one after another. 句型转换 ③The teacher was not only strict with us，but also he cared for us. →Not only was the teacher strict with us，but also he cared for us. (教材P7)As long as you are not afraid of heights，you will be impressed by Sky Buffet，the latest restaurant in the city centre. 只要你不怕高，市中心新开的餐厅Sky Buffet会给你留下深刻印象。 as/so long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句。 (1)引导条件状语从句的其他连词有：unless，in case，on condition that，provided/providing (that)，suppose/supposing (that)，assume/assuming (that)，(only) if，given (that) 等。 (2)as long as　与……一样长 as well as 也；又；和……一样好 as good as 与……一样好；几乎和……一样 as soon as 一……就…… as far as 就……而言；至于 Jim says we can stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy. 吉姆说，只要我们保持房子干净整洁，我们就能待在他的房子里。 You can write anything relevant as/so long as it's interesting and informative. 只要内容有趣且能够提供信息，你可以写任何相关的内容。 [佳句背诵] It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere. 只要你坚持不懈，最终会成功的。 [名师点津] as long as 和so long as表示“只要”时没有区别，可以相互替换；as long as表示“与……一样长”时，多用于肯定句；否定句多用so long as。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①You'll make success sooner or later on condition that you don't lose heart or give up. ②You won't find paper­cutting difficult as long as you keep practicing it. 辨析填空(as long as，as well as，as far as，as good as) ③This ruler is as long as that one. ④If he finds out that I am lying，I am as good as dead. ⑤All special exhibitions，as well as films，lectures，guided tours，concerts，gallery talks，and family/children's programs are free with admission. ⑥The bleak moorland stretched on all sides as far as the eye could see. (教材P9)Whenever I feel unhappy，I eat this dessert and it does make me feel better! 无论我什么时候感到不开心，就吃这种甜点，它确实让我感觉好多了！ 句子的谓语动词does make是一种强调用法，用助动词do来加强语气。 (1)“do/does/did＋动词原形”构成强调句，意为“确实；的确”，用来加强谓语动词的语气，但需符合以下两个条件：①句子是肯定句；②句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。 (2)若强调主语、宾语、表语、状语等，则应用强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who引导的从句。 I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have. 我真的希望如此，因为我希望你能像我一样健康长寿。 —I'm sorry.I shouldn't have been rude to you. —You did lose your temper but that's all right. ——很抱歉，我不该对你粗鲁的。 ——你确实发脾气了，但没关系。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①He did hope there would be more meaningful activities in the coming future. ②If you have a job，do devote yourself to it and finally you will succeed. ③She does go to school every day. 动词不定式作主语和表语 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语和状语，但不可单独作谓语，属于非谓语动词。本单元主要学习动词不定式作主语和表语。 一、动词不定式作主语 1．可以直接作主语。如：To see is to believe.但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。 It's wrong to play tricks on other people.It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy. 动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在It is＋adj.(形容词)＋to do sth或It is＋n.(名词)＋to do sth it仅作形式主语。 2．动词不定式与动词­ing形式作主语时的区别 (1)表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用动名词；表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用不定式。 Swimming is fun in summer. 夏天游泳是有趣的事。 Swimming in this river is a great pleasure. 在这条河里游泳是件非常快乐的事。 注：有时这种区别并不很严格。但要注意：主语和表语要用同一种形式；平行结构中要用同一种形式。 To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 Fishing is his favorite hobby，and collecting coins also gives him great pleasure. 钓鱼是他的爱好，集邮也给他带来极大的乐趣。 (2)口语中，陈述句多用不定式作主语，而疑问句却总是用动词­ing形式作主语。 Is doing morning exercises good for your health? 做早操对你身体有好处吗？ (3)下列句子中通常要用动名词 It's no good/use talking to him. 找他谈是没有用的。 It's useless discussing the matter. 讨论此事无益。 There is no stopping him. 无法阻止他。 No parking! 禁止停车！ (4)下列句中通常要用不定式 It took us two hours to get there. 去那里我们花了两个小时。 It's foolish of him to do so. 他这样做是愚蠢的。 It is necessary for us to learn English well. 我们有必要学好英语。 [对点集训1] 完成句子 ①犹豫不决就意味着失败。 To hesitate means failure. ②这样做是削足适履。 To do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe. ③人们为钱而结婚是错误的。 It would be wrong for people to marry for money. 二、不定式作表语 1．不定式作表语时常见的动词：不定式作表语时，一般紧紧跟在系动词后面，如be，seem，remain，appear，get等，用来说明主语的内容。 My job is to help the disabled. 我的工作是帮助残疾人。 The best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 打造一支出色的队伍最好的方法是把最有才华的个人聚到一起。 The efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off. 坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。 2．不定式作表语常表示计划、安排、目的、结果、愿望、禁止、征询意见等。 You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed. 想要成功，你必须有耐心和毅力。 3．主语或主语从句中若带do，则不定式作表语时可省略to。 All you do now is (to) complete the form. 你现在要做的就是把这张表填好。 The only thing to do now is (to) go on. 前进是现在唯一的出路。 4．某些动词的不定式作表语，用主动形式表被动意义。常用的这类动词有blame(责备)，seek(寻找)，let(出租)等。 This car is to let.此车出租。 The young man felt he was to blame for this traffic accident. 那个年轻人觉得这次交通事故怪他。 5．动词­ing形式作表语时，多指抽象的、概念性的动作，说明主语的性质或特征；不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。 My job is to clean the rooms every day. 我的工作是每天打扫房间。 Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。 [对点集训2] 单句语法填空 ①While regularly eating out seems to have become(become) common for many young people in recent years，it's not without a cost. ②In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of whose purposes is to relieve(relieve) worldwide starvation. ③Please let me know where the meeting is to be held(hold) tomorrow. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Now that the mistake has been made，it's no use complaining(complain) about it. 2．It was a great honour to be invited(invite) backstage at the not­for­profit Panda Base，where ticket money helps pay for research. 3．Being accepted(accept) by his students as a friend was not an easy job. 4．It's quite amusing to look(look) at other people play chess. 5．It is right to give up smoking. 6．—The snow seemed to have been blown(blow) from the top of the mountain. —Not really.It was not so windy last night. 7．Their membership seems to have risen(rise) to something over 10,000. 8．The problem remains to be solved(solve)． 9．Its only purpose is to remind(remind) you where you started. 10．As a matter of fact，the driver was not to blame(blame) for the accident. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．要在一天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。 To finish this job in one day is impossible. 2．昨天晚上我做作业用了一个多小时。 It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening. 3．我想，对我们来说学好一门外语是很重要的。 I think it very important for us to learn a foreign language well. 4．他的愿望是将来当一名医生。 His wish is to be a doctor in the future. 5．他好像已经适应了新学校。 He seems to have adapted to the new school. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The little boy impressed me with his big，bright eyes the first time I saw him. 2．Since her husband died，she's thrown herself into her work. 3．On my way home yesterday，I came across my former classmate and we had a very good time. 4．Absorbed in her work，she didn't realize it was time for her to pick up her daughter. 5．He seems to have bought(buy) the new book. 6．You appear to have travelled(travel) to quite a lot of places around the world. 7．It's never foolish to acknowledge(acknowledge) you are in the wrong. 8．It's no good speaking(speak) ill of others. 9．It is a good habit to get(get) up early. 10．To look(look) after my pets properly takes a lot of time but I find it worthwhile. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．她确实告诉过我她的地址，但是我忘了。 She did tell me about her address，but I forgot all about it. 2．他不仅说得正确，而且说得很轻松。 Not only did he speak correctly，but he also spoke easily. 3．只要不放弃，你总有一天会成功。 You will succeed in time as long as you don't give up. 4．母亲不知道玻璃碎了该怪谁，因为这件事发生在她外出时。 The mother didn't know who was to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. 5．你考试中犯了那么多错误，真粗心。 It is careless of you to make so many mistakes in the exam. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Developing healthy eating habits starts from childhood，therefore it is important for parents to teach and provide children with a healthy diet.DPHSS administrator of the Bureau of Nutrition Services，Charlie Morris told KUAM News，“A healthy diet for a child consists of a lot of fruits and vegetables in the diet limiting the amount of simple sugars in the diet and high fat food and highly processed(加工的) food.” This means staying away as much as possible from food such as chips，cookies，candies and sugary drinks，as all children need to have meals which involve a well­balanced diet.Community nutritionist(营养学家) Thelma Romoso said，“The fruit，the vegetable，the grain，the protein，and also the milk，the diary product，so for the fruits it's easy for a mother to go into the two plus three concept of fruits and vegetables or five a day.” This concept means that there are at least two servings of fruits a day，three servings of vegetables a day which can be served for lunch and dinner.As for protein parents can make a variety of dishes from chicken，beef，fish or even dried beans to make sure the child gets three servings a day. Morris said that the child's hunger level controls how much is eaten and the parent controls what and when the meal is offered，saying，“Mom needs to ensure that the food offered is good food for the child to eat and throughout the day depending on how active they are，snacks(零食) are not a bad thing，so the mom should offer good kinds of snacks.” When it comes to preparing your child's lunch and snacks for school，make sure to keep in mind that the food you provide should not only be a source of energy but also be nutritionally beneficial such as fresh fruits，and whole grain bread.But parents must be sure to remember that a good nutritional diet must be balanced with physical activity，namely it is important that children get outside and run around and play and get activity in addition to eating a good diet. [语篇解读]　这是一篇议论文。培养健康的饮食习惯要从小开始，所以父母为孩子提供健康的饮食尤为重要。 1．What does the author intend to tell us in the text? A．Fruits and vegetables are good for your child. B．Choose healthy food and snacks for your child. C．Make various and delicious dishes for your child. D．Take steps to provide a good lunch for your child. 解析　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“Developing healthy eating habits starts from childhood，therefore it is important for parents to teach and provide children with a healthy diet.(培养健康的饮食习惯要从小开始，所以父母为孩子提供健康的饮食尤为重要。)”以及下文提到的内容可知，文章主要讲为孩子提供健康的饮食。故选B。 答案　B 2．According to Charlie Morris we can know that . A．sugars and high fat exist in few kinds of food B．active children prefer more and more snacks C．highly processed food should be reduced in daily life D．mothers should prepare delicious food by themselves 解析　细节理解题。根据题干中的Charlie Morris找到文章的第一段的“A healthy diet for a child consists of a lot of fruits and vegetables in the diet limiting the amount of simple sugars in the diet and high fat food and highly processed food.(孩子的健康饮食包含许多水果和蔬菜，限制简单的糖用量和高脂肪和高精度加工的食品。)”可知，要减少高脂肪和过度加工的食品。故选C。 答案　C 3．Which is NOT true when preparing your child's food for school? A．Physical exercise is as important as a good diet. B．Running and playing when eating is beneficial. C．Fruits and whole grain foods should be included. D．The food must provide energy as well as nutrition. 解析　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“When it comes to preparing your child's lunch and snacks for school，make sure to keep in mind that the food you provide should not only be a source of energy but also be nutritionally beneficial such as fresh fruits，and whole grain bread.But parents must be sure to remember that a good nutritional diet must be balanced with physical activity”可知，父母在准备学校午饭或小吃时要注意三方面：能量、营养和运动。A、C、D选项都符合以上要求。故B选项“吃饭时跑步和玩耍是有益的”错误。故选B。 答案　B 4．It can be inferred from the text that . A．fresh fruits are often ignored by children B．a good nutritional diet may cost too much C．choosing healthy food is linked with income D．parents play an important role in children's diet 解析　推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段的“therefore，it is important for parents to teach and provide children with a healthy diet”和最后一段的“But parents must be sure to remember that a good nutritional diet must be balanced with physical activity”可知，父母们在孩子的饮食方面起着重要的作用。故选D。 答案　D B According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research，both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份)，it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. To test the effect of social influence on eating habits，the researchers conducted two experiments.In the first,95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership.Before the film began，each woman was asked to help herself to a snack.An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.In her natural state，the actor weighed 105 pounds.But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food.The participants followed suit，taking more food than they normally would have.However，they took significantly more when the actor was thin. For the second test，in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls.In the other case，she took 30 pieces.The results were similar to the first test：the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces. The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions.If this fellow participant is going to eat more，so will I．Call it the “I'll have what she's having” effect.However，we'll adjust the influence.If an overweight person is having a large portion，I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.But if a thin person eats a lot，I'll follow suit.If he can eat much and keep slim，why can't I? [语篇解读]　本文介绍了一项关于就餐同伴的体形和就餐习惯会影响人们的食物摄入量的研究。研究表明“从他心理”的影响的确存在，但人们也会根据自己对就餐同伴的看法有所调整。 5．What is the recent study mainly about? A．Food safety.　　　 B．Movie viewership. C．Consumer demand. D．Eating behavior. 解析　主旨大意题。根据整篇短文的内容特别是第一段中第一句研究的结论可知，文章主要在讲就餐同伴会影响人们的食物摄入量，故选D。 答案　D 6．What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Big eaters. B．Overweight persons. C．Picky eaters. D．Tall thin persons. 解析　词义猜测题。根据前面“和现存研究的结论‘你应该避免和肥胖且吃得多的人在一起吃饭’相反”可知，我们要避免的应该是身材苗条但是吃得多的人；还有根据三、四段的两次实验的结果可知，就餐同伴如果苗条且吃得很多的话，就会使同餐者的食物摄入量大增，可知就餐时一定要避免和身材苗条但食物摄入量大的人在一起，不然就会摄入过多的食物。故选D。 答案　D 7．Why did the researchers hire the actor? A．To see how she would affect the participants. B．To test if the participants could recognize her. C．To find out what she would do in the two tests. D．To study why she could keep her weight down. 解析　推理判断题。根据研究的结论可知，雇演员就是为了证明就餐者的食物摄入量是否受就餐同伴的影响，故雇用这个演员的作用就是看看她会如何影响其他就餐者。故选A。 答案　A 8．On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph? A．How hungry we are. B．How slim we want to be. C．How we perceive others. D．How we feel about the food. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，如果一个超重的人吃得很多，就餐同伴就会吃得相对少些，因为看到了大吃的后果；但是如果一个苗条的人吃得多，就会有“他吃得多且能保持苗条，我也可以”的心理，因此调整是建立在如何看待就餐同伴的前提之上的，故选C。 答案　C Ⅱ.完形填空 Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time，a new study claims. Students in the study became 1 even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald's so quickly on screen that they could not 2 it. Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal (潜意识的) effect on 3 making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time.They conclude：“Our experiments suggest that the 4 goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have the unexpected consequence of causing hurriedness and impatience.” Thinking about fast food increases 5 for time­saving products.“More 6 ，we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people's willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate 7 over greater future return，finally harming their economic interest.” Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast­food chains—McDonald's，Burger King，KFC，Subway，Wendy's and Taco Bell.They could not consciously see what they were but the subliminal effect was 8 .Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly faster afterwards.Participants also preferred time­saving products like three­in­one skincare treatments rather than 9 versions after seeing the logos.When asked weather they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week's time，they again chose 10 reward after being exposed to the brands. Researcher Chen­Bo Zhong，assistant professor of organizational behaviour at Canada's Toronto University，said：“Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and immediate 11 .The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food 12 whether time is a relevant factor in the context.” 13 ，walking faster is time­efficient when one is trying to make a meeting，but it's a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park. “We're finding that the mere exposure to fast food is 14 a general sense of hurriedness and impatience.When I sit in a fast food restaurant，I find myself gobbling (狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no 15 at all.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了快餐会让人失去耐心，变得不耐烦。 1．A.hungry　　　　　　　 B．stressful C．anxious D．timid 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：参加研究中的学生甚至在屏幕上看到麦当劳汉堡连锁店的标识时，很快就变得焦急起来，以至于他们都没认出它。A.hungry饥饿的；B.stressful有压力的；C.anxious焦虑的，焦急的；D.timid胆小的。上文说一项新研究称，吃快餐会让人失去耐心，即使他们不缺时间，所以此处是说他们变得很焦急，故选C。 答案　C 2．A.recognize B．investigate C．diagnose D．recall 解析　考查动词辨析。句意同上。A.recognize认出，承认；B.investigate调查；C.diagnose诊断；D.recall回忆。这些学生在看到麦当劳汉堡连锁店的标识时很快就变得焦急起来，以至于他们都没认出它，故选A。 答案　A 3．A.motivation B．appearance C．emotion D．behaviour 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：研究人员说，每天接触快餐品牌会对人们的行为产生一种潜意识的影响，使人们无论是否被时间所迫，都会匆忙行事。A.motivation动机；B.appearance出现；C.emotion情感；D.behaviour行为。空后说人们无论是否被时间所迫，都会匆忙行事，这是对人们的行为产生的影响，故选D。 答案　D 4．A.common B．unconscious C．primary D．temporary 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：我们的实验表明，快餐当中蕴含的无意识的节省时间的目标可能会导致匆忙和不耐烦的意外结果。A.common普通的；B.unconscious无意识的；C.primary初级的；D.temporary临时的。根据下文说的只要接触到快餐，节省时间的目标就会被激活可知，快餐当中蕴含的节省时间的目标是无意识的，故选B。 答案　B 5．A.preferences B．implications C．ingredients D．intentions 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：考虑快餐会增加人们对省时产品的偏好。A.preferences偏好；B.implications暗示；C.ingredients(尤指烹饪)原料；D.intentions意图。快餐属于省时食品，因此考虑快餐会增加人们对省时产品的偏爱，故选A。 答案　A 6．A.naturally B．strikingly C．fortunately D．personally 解析　考查副词辨析。句意：更为突出的是，我们发现，仅仅接触快餐符号就降低了人们的储蓄意愿，导致他们宁愿眼前获利，也不愿未来获得更大回报，最终损害了他们的经济利益。A.naturally自然地；B.strikingly显著地；C.fortunately幸运地；D.personally亲自地。与上文说的考虑快餐会增加人们对省时产品的偏好相比，空后的这个发现是更为突出的，故选B。 答案　B 7．A.gain B．proof C．respond D．attention 解析　考查名词辨析。句意同上。A.gain利润、收获；B.proof证据；C.respond回应；D.attention注意。根据空后的“over greater future return”可知，仅仅接触快餐符号就会导致人们宁愿眼前获利，也不愿未来获得更大回报，故选A。 答案　A 8．A.concealed B．imposed C．edited D．marked 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：他们无法有意识地看到它们是什么，但潜意识的影响是显著的。他们的阅读速度在看到商标之前和之后进行了测量，之后明显更快。A.concealed隐蔽的；B.imposed施加的；C.edited编辑过的；D.marked显著的。他们的阅读速度在看到商标之前和之后进行了测量，之后明显更快，这说明对潜意识的影响是显著的，故选D。 答案　D 9．A.separate B．special C．expensive D．original 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：参与者也更喜欢省时的产品，比如三合一的护肤品，而不是单独版本。A.separate各自的，单独的；B.special特别的；C.expensive昂贵的；D.original原始的。根据空前的“three­in­one skincare treatments rather than”可知此处是与三合一的护肤品的比较，指的是单独版本的护肤品，故选A。 答案　A 10．A.potential B．constant C．intense D．instant 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：当被问及他们会立即接受一小笔钱还是在一周后接受更多的钱时，他们再次选择了立即获得奖励。A.potential潜在的；B.constant不变的；C.intense紧张的；D.instant立即的，紧迫的。上文说仅仅接触快餐符号就降低了人们的储蓄意愿，导致他们宁愿眼前获利，也不愿未来获得更大回报，所以此处是眼前获利的表现，指的是他们选择立即获得奖励，故选D。 答案　D 11．A.cultivation B．resistance C．satisfaction D．awareness 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：快餐代表着一种时间效率和即时满足感的文化。A.cultivation培养；B.resistance阻力；C.satisfaction满意，满足；D.awareness意识。上文说快餐会让人们选择立即的奖励，这说明快餐会给人们带来一种即时满足感，故选C。 答案　C 12．A.in terms of B．on account of C．regardless of D．with respect to 解析　考查介词短语辨析。句意：问题是，不管时间是否与环境相关，只要接触到快餐，节省时间的目标就会被激活。A.in terms of依据；B.on account of因为；C.regardless of不管；D.with respect to至于。根据空后的“whether time is a relevant factor in the context”可知，不管时间是否与环境相关，只要接触到快餐，节省时间的目标就会被激活，故选C。 答案　C 13．A.In other words B．On the contrary C．For example D．In addition 解析　考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，当一个人要去开会时，走得更快是有效率的，但是当一个人在公园散步时，这是一种不耐烦的表现。A.In other words换言之；B.On the contrary相反；C.For example例如；D.In addition此外。空后介绍的是一个具体的例子，需要用for example引出，故选C。 答案　C 14．A.promoting B．assuming C．insulting D．assessing 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：我们发现，仅仅接触快餐就让人普遍感到匆忙和不耐烦。A.promoting促进，提升；B.assuming假定；C.insulting损害；D.assessing评估。根据空后的“a general sense of hurriedness and impatience”可知，仅仅接触快餐就会造成一种普遍的匆忙和不耐烦的感觉，故选A。 答案　A 15．A.chance B．sense C．rush D．harm 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：当我坐在一家快餐店时，我发现自己正以惊人的速度狼吞虎咽地吃着我的巨无霸，尽管根本不着急。A.chance可能性；B.sense意义；C.rush 匆促；D.harm损害。根据“even though”可知，尽管我并不着急，我还是狼吞虎咽地吃巨无霸，故选C。 答案　C 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $