内容正文:
2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(译林版2024)
Unit 7 The natural world重点词汇
必备知识清单
重点词汇释义
1. coral n.珊瑚
【用法释义】指珊瑚虫分泌的外壳形成的硬质物质,或珊瑚虫本身,是海洋生态系统的重要组成部分。表示“珊瑚”这种物质时为不可数名词;表示“珊瑚虫”时可作可数名词(初中阶段重点记不可数含义),多用于描述海洋生态场景。
【常用搭配】coral reef(珊瑚礁)
例句:
1. Coral is an important part of the marine ecosystem.(珊瑚是海洋生态系统的重要组成部分。)
2. Many colorful fish live around coral in the sea.(海里的珊瑚周围生活着许多色彩鲜艳的鱼。)
3. We must stop activities that damage coral.(我们必须停止破坏珊瑚的活动。)
2. reef n.礁
【用法释义】指海洋或湖泊中由岩石、珊瑚等堆积形成的暗礁,常为海洋生物提供栖息地。可数名词,复数形式为reefs,核心搭配为“coral reef”(珊瑚礁),是本单元生态主题高频词汇。
【常用搭配】coral reef(珊瑚礁)、rock reef(岩礁)
例句:
1. The coral reef near this island is home to hundreds of sea species.(这个岛屿附近的珊瑚礁是数百种海洋生物的家园。)
2. Ships often avoid this area because of hidden reefs.(由于暗礁隐藏,船只经常避开这个区域。)
3. Scientists are studying how to protect the damaged reef.(科学家正在研究如何保护受损的礁石。)
3. penguin n.企鹅
【用法释义】生活在南极及南半球寒冷地区的不会飞的鸟类,擅长游泳。可数名词,复数形式为penguins,常见搭配有“emperor penguin”(帝企鹅),多用于极地动物相关描述。
【常用搭配】emperor penguin(帝企鹅)、king penguin(王企鹅)
例句:
1. Penguin can swim at a speed of up to 20 kilometers per hour.(企鹅的游泳速度可达每小时20公里。)
2. We saw a group of penguins walking on the ice in the documentary.(我们在纪录片里看到一群企鹅在冰上行走。)
3. The cold and snowy environment is perfect for penguins to live.(寒冷多雪的环境非常适合企鹅生存。)
4. ecosystem n.生态系统
【用法释义】生物与其生存环境(包括生物和非生物)相互作用形成的统一整体。可数名词,复数形式为ecosystems,核心搭配有“marine ecosystem”(海洋生态系统)、“wetland ecosystem”(湿地生态系统),是环境类核心词汇。
【常用搭配】marine ecosystem(海洋生态系统)、wetland ecosystem(湿地生态系统)、balanced ecosystem(平衡的生态系统)
例句:
1. Destroying forests will break the balance of the ecosystem.(破坏森林会打破生态系统的平衡。)
2. The wetland ecosystem plays an important role in adjusting climate.(湿地生态系统在调节气候方面发挥重要作用。)
3. All living things depend on the healthy ecosystem to survive.(所有生物都依赖健康的生态系统生存。)
5. climate n.气候
【用法释义】某一地区长期的天气特征(如温度、降水、风力等),区别于短期“weather”(天气)。泛指“气候”时为不可数名词;表示“某种气候类型”时可作可数名词(如a tropical climate),核心搭配为“climate change”(气候变化)。
【常用搭配】climate change(气候变化)、warm climate(温暖气候)、cold climate(寒冷气候)
例句:
1. The climate in Southeast Asia is hot and humid all year round.(东南亚的气候全年炎热潮湿。)
2. Climate change has become a global environmental problem.(气候变化已成为全球性环境问题。)
3. Many plants cannot grow in a dry climate.(许多植物无法在干旱气候中生长。)
6. wetland n.湿地
【用法释义】常年或季节性积水、生长水生或湿生植物的土地,有“地球之肾”的美称。可数名词,复数形式为wetlands,常用搭配有“wetland protection”(湿地保护)、“coastal wetland”(滨海湿地)。
【常用搭配】wetland protection(湿地保护)、coastal wetland(滨海湿地)、wetland reserve(湿地保护区)
例句:
1. Wetland can purify water and provide food for birds.(湿地能净化水质,并为鸟类提供食物。)
2. Our city is building a new wetland park to protect local wildlife.(我们城市正在修建一座新湿地公园,保护当地野生生物。)
3. Polluting wetlands will harm many rare animals.(污染湿地会伤害许多珍稀动物。)
7. include vt.包括
【用法释义】表示“包含、容纳”,指整体中含有某个部分。及物动词,后直接接名词、代词或动名词作宾语,无被动语态;“被包括”需用“be included”;介词形式为“including”(置于名词前,表“包括……在内”)。
【常用搭配】include sth./sb.(包括某物/某人)、including(介词,“包括”)
例句:
1. This course includes lessons on environmental protection.(这门课程包括环境保护相关课程。)
2. Ten students, including Li Ming, will take part in the competition.(包括李明在内的10名学生将参加比赛。)
3. The book includes many pictures of rare animals.(这本书包含许多珍稀动物的图片。)
8. non-living adj.非生物的
【用法释义】指没有生命的,与“living”(生物的)相对。由否定前缀“non-”+“living”构成,修饰名词,核心搭配为“non-living things”(非生物),常用于生态系统相关描述。
【常用搭配】non-living things(非生物)、non-living environment(非生物环境)
例句:
1. Rocks, water and air are all non-living things in nature.(岩石、水和空气都是自然界中的非生物。)
2. The non-living environment provides necessary conditions for living things.(非生物环境为生物提供必要的生存条件。)
3. We should learn to tell the difference between living and non-living things.(我们应该学会区分生物和非生物。)
9. pond n.池塘
【用法释义】面积较小、水位较浅的人工或天然水域,区别于“lake”(湖,面积更大、更深)。可数名词,复数形式为ponds,常用搭配有“fish pond”(鱼塘)、“lotus pond”(荷花池)。
【常用搭配】fish pond(鱼塘)、lotus pond(荷花池)、small pond(小池塘)
例句:
1. There is a small pond with lotus flowers in our school yard.(我们校园里有一个种着荷花的小池塘。)
2. Children like to catch small fish in the pond on weekends.(孩子们周末喜欢在池塘里捉小鱼。)
3. Frogs often lay eggs in the quiet pond.(青蛙经常在安静的池塘里产卵。)
10. around adv.大约
【用法释义】表示“接近某个数量、时间或程度”,相当于“about”;也可作副词表“周围”、介词表“在……周围”(本单元重点讲“大约”义)。修饰数词(时间、数量),置于数词前或后均可。
【常用搭配】around 8 o'clock(大约8点)、around 100 people(大约100人)
例句:
1. The meeting will end around 5 o'clock this afternoon.(会议将于今天下午大约5点结束。)
2. There are around 50 students in each class of our grade.(我们年级每个班大约有50名学生。)
3. The temperature tomorrow will be around 18 degrees.(明天的气温大约是18度。)
11. hold vt.容纳;拿着;举行
【用法释义】有三个核心义项:①容纳(主语多为场所);②拿着(主语多为人);③举行(主语多为活动)。及物动词,后接名词/代词作宾语,无被动语态(表“被容纳”需用“can be held”)。
【常用搭配】hold a meeting(举行会议)、hold a book(拿着一本书)、hold 200 people(容纳200人)
例句:
1. This hall can hold more than 500 people for the concert.(这个大厅能容纳500多人参加音乐会。)
2. She held a cup of hot tea in her hands to keep warm.(她手里拿着一杯热茶取暖。)
3. Our school will hold a sports meeting next month.(我们学校下个月将举行运动会。)
12. return vi.返回,回去,回来
【用法释义】指“回到原来的地方”,也可作及物动词表“归还”(如return sth. to sb.),本单元重点讲“返回”义。不及物动词,后接地点时需加介词“to”(return to + 地点);“回家”“去学校”等短语中,“home/school”为副词,不加“to”(return home/school)。
【常用搭配】return to hometown(回到家乡)、return home(回家)、return from work(下班回来)
例句:
1. He will return to Beijing after finishing his work in Shanghai.(他在上海完成工作后将返回北京。)
2. Birds return to the south when winter comes.(冬天来临时,鸟儿飞回南方。)
3. My father usually returns home at 7 p.m.(我爸爸通常晚上7点回家。)
13. prevent vt.防止,阻止
【用法释义】表示“阻止某事发生”或“阻止某人做某事”。及物动词,核心句型为“prevent sb. from doing sth.”(阻止某人做某事),主动语态中“from”可省略,被动语态中“from”不可省略(be prevented from doing sth.)。
相关短语/句型:prevent sb. from doing sth.(阻止某人做某事)、prevent pollution(防止污染)、prevent accidents(防止事故)
例句:
1. We must prevent people from cutting down trees in the forest.(我们必须阻止人们在森林里砍树。)
2. Wearing seat belts can prevent us from getting hurt in car accidents.(系安全带能防止我们在车祸中受伤。)
3. This law is used to prevent the overfishing of sea animals.(这项法律用于防止过度捕捞海洋动物。)
14. store vt.贮存
【用法释义】指“把某物储存起来以备后用”,也可作名词表“商店”(如a grocery store),本单元重点讲“贮存”义。及物动词,后接名词/代词作宾语,常用搭配为“store sth. in sp.”(把某物储存在某地)。
【常用搭配】store food in the fridge(把食物储存在冰箱里)、store water in a tank(把水储存在水箱里)、store energy(储存能量)
例句:
1. Farmers store grain in warehouses to use in winter.(农民把粮食储存在仓库里,以备冬天使用。)
2. This box is used to store old photos and letters.(这个盒子用来存放旧照片和信件。)
3. Plants store energy from the sun in their leaves and roots.(植物把来自太阳的能量储存在叶子和根部。)
15. sponge n.海绵块
【用法释义】指用于清洁、吸水的海绵制品,也可指海洋中的“海绵动物”(初中阶段重点记“海绵块”)。可数名词,复数形式为sponges,常用搭配为“clean with a sponge”(用海绵清洁)、“a piece of sponge”(一块海绵)。
【常用搭配】clean with a sponge(用海绵清洁)、a piece of sponge(一块海绵)、sponge cloth(海绵布)
例句:
1. She uses a sponge to clean the kitchen table every day.(她每天用海绵擦厨房桌子。)
2. This sponge can absorb much more water than a cloth.(这块海绵比布能吸更多水。)
3. I need to buy a new sponge because the old one is broken.(我需要买一块新海绵,因为旧的坏了。)
16. act vi.起作用;行动;vt.扮演
【用法释义】多义动词:①不及物“起作用”(常与“as”搭配);②不及物“行动”(常与副词搭配);③及物“扮演”(后接角色)。作“起作用”时,搭配“act as”(充当……);作“行动”时,搭配“act quickly/slowly”(迅速/缓慢行动);作“扮演”时,搭配“act a role”(扮演角色)。
【常用搭配】act as(充当;起……作用)、act quickly(迅速行动)、act the main role(扮演主角)
例句:
1. Trees act as a natural filter to clean the air.(树木充当天然过滤器,净化空气。)
2. We must act quickly to save the endangered animals.(我们必须迅速行动,拯救濒危动物。)
3. She will act the role of a doctor in the school play.(她将在校园剧中扮演一名医生。)
17. kidney n.肾脏
【用法释义】人体或动物体内的排泄器官,负责过滤血液、排出废物,比喻义“事物的核心”(初中阶段重点记本义)。可数名词,复数形式为kidneys,常用搭配为“human kidney”(人类肾脏)、“kidney disease”(肾脏疾病)。
【常用搭配】human kidney(人类肾脏)、kidney disease(肾脏疾病)、healthy kidneys(健康的肾脏)
例句:
1. Each person has two kidneys that help remove waste from the body.(每个人有两个肾脏,帮助排出体内废物。)
2. Drinking enough water every day is good for our kidneys.(每天喝足够的水对我们的肾脏有好处。)
3. The doctor said his kidneys are working normally.(医生说他的肾脏功能正常。)
18. trap vt.吸收;使落入险境
【用法释义】两个核心义项:①吸收(气体、热量等);②使某人/某物被困在某地。及物动词,后接名词/代词作宾语,“使被困”时常用搭配“trap sb./sth. in sp.”(使……被困在某地)。
【常用搭配】trap carbon dioxide(吸收二氧化碳)、trap heat(吸收热量)、trap sb. in a room(把某人困在房间里)
例句:
1. Forests can trap a large amount of carbon dioxide from the air.(森林能从空气中吸收大量二氧化碳。)
2. The heavy rain trapped many people in the shopping mall.(大雨使许多人被困在商场里。)
3. This material can trap sunlight to keep the room warm in winter.(这种材料能吸收阳光,让房间在冬天保持温暖。)
19. harmful adj.有害的
【用法释义】指“对某人/某物有伤害的”,与“harmless”(无害的)相对。由“harm”(伤害,n./v.)+“-ful”(形容词后缀)构成,修饰名词,核心搭配为“be harmful to”(对……有害)。
【常用搭配】be harmful to(对……有害)、harmful substances(有害物质)、harmful effects(有害影响)
例句:
1. Smoking is harmful to both smokers and people around them.(吸烟对吸烟者和周围的人都有害。)
2. The harmful chemicals in the river have killed many fish.(河里的有害物质杀死了许多鱼。)
3. Too much time on mobile phones is harmful to children's eyes.(过多使用手机对孩子的眼睛有害。)
20. therefore adv.因此
【用法释义】表示因果关系,连接两个有逻辑关系的句子,比“so”更正式,多用于书面语。可置于句首(后加逗号)、句中(前后加逗号)或句末(前加逗号),无连接句子的语法功能,需用分号或句号连接前后句。
相关短语/句型:therefore(因此,表因果)、He is ill; therefore, he can't go to school.(他生病了,因此不能去上学。)
例句:
1. The road is closed; therefore, we have to take another route.(这条路封了,因此我们不得不走另一条路。)
2. She studied hard for the exam; therefore, she got a good grade.(她为考试努力学习,因此取得了好成绩。)
3. The weather is too bad; therefore, we cancel the outdoor activity.(天气太糟糕了,因此我们取消了户外活动。)
21. lung n.肺
【用法释义】人体或动物体内的呼吸器官,负责吸入氧气、排出二氧化碳。可数名词,复数形式为lungs,常用搭配为“human lung”(人类的肺)、“lung cancer”(肺癌),常见短语“fill the lungs with air”(深呼吸)。
【常用搭配】human lung(人类的肺)、lung cancer(肺癌)、take a deep breath to fill the lungs(深呼吸让肺部充满空气)
例句:
1. Fresh air is important for keeping our lungs healthy.(新鲜空气对保持肺部健康很重要。)
2. Smoking can cause serious damage to our lungs.(吸烟会对我们的肺造成严重伤害。)
3. The doctor checked his lungs and said there was nothing wrong.(医生检查了他的肺,说没有问题。)
22. sadly adv.不幸地;悲伤地
【用法释义】表示“不幸的是”(修饰整个句子)或“悲伤地”(修饰动词),由“sad”(悲伤的)+“-ly”(副词后缀)构成。可置于句首(表“不幸地”)、句中或句末(表“悲伤地”),修饰句子、动词或形容词。
【常用搭配】shake one's head sadly(悲伤地摇头)、say sadly(悲伤地说)、sadly enough(不幸的是)
例句:
1. Sadly, many rare birds have died because of habitat loss.(不幸的是,许多珍稀鸟类因栖息地丧失而死亡。)
2. She looked at the dead cat sadly and buried it in the garden.(她悲伤地看着那只死猫,把它埋在了花园里。)
3. Sadly, the old tree we used to play under was cut down.(不幸的是,我们以前在下面玩耍的那棵老树被砍了。)
23. ton n.吨
【用法释义】重量单位(1吨=1000千克),也可用于口语表“大量”(a ton of sth.)。可数名词,复数形式为tons,“a ton of”后接可数名词复数或不可数名词(口语中表“大量”),正式场合表重量时需明确“metric ton”(公吨)。
【常用搭配】a ton of coal(一吨煤)、two tons of rice(两吨大米)、a ton of homework(大量作业)
例句:
1. This truck can carry up to 15 tons of goods.(这辆卡车最多能装15吨货物。)
2. We need a ton of sand to build the new playground.(我们需要一吨沙子来修建新操场。)
3. He has a ton of work to finish before the end of the week.(他在周末前有大量工作要完成。)
24. harm vt.伤害,损害
【用法释义】指“对某人/某物造成身体、情感或功能上的伤害”,也可作名词表“伤害”(do harm to sth.)。及物动词,后接名词/代词作宾语,无被动语态;名词形式常用搭配“do harm to”(对……造成伤害),与“be harmful to”同义。
【常用搭配】harm the environment(危害环境)、harm one's health(损害健康)、do harm to(对……造成伤害)
例句:
1. Polluted air can harm the health of people living in the city.(污染的空气会伤害生活在城市里的人的健康。)
2. Don't harm small animals; they are our friends.(不要伤害小动物,它们是我们的朋友。)
3. Too much sugar and salt can harm your teeth and heart.(过多的糖和盐会伤害你的牙齿和心脏。)
25. wildlife n.野生生物
【用法释义】指生活在自然环境中的动物、植物等,不包括人工饲养或栽培的生物。不可数名词,不与不定冠词“a/an”连用,常用搭配为“protect wildlife”(保护野生生物)、“wildlife reserve”(野生动物保护区)。
【常用搭配】protect wildlife(保护野生生物)、wildlife reserve(野生动物保护区)、wildlife protection(野生生物保护)
例句:
1. The government has made laws to protect wildlife.(政府制定了法律来保护野生生物。)
2. This area is a safe home for many kinds of wildlife.(这个地区是多种野生生物的安全家园。)
3. We should not disturb the life of wildlife in nature.(我们不应该打扰自然界中野生生物的生活。)
26. topic n.话题
【用法释义】指谈话、文章、讨论或演讲的核心主题。可数名词,复数形式为topics,常用搭配为“talk about a topic”(谈论一个话题)、“hot topic”(热门话题)、“choose a topic”(选择话题)。
【常用搭配】hot topic(热门话题)、talk about a topic(谈论话题)、write about a topic(围绕话题写作)
例句:
1. Our English class will discuss the topic of "environmental protection" today.(我们今天的英语课将讨论“环境保护”这个话题。)
2. Wildlife protection is a hot topic around the world now.(野生生物保护是现在全世界的热门话题。)
3. She chose "the importance of wetlands" as her speech topic.(她选择“湿地的重要性”作为演讲话题。)
27. noisy adj.充满噪声的;吵闹的
【用法释义】指“声音大、让人觉得吵闹的”,由“noise”(噪音)+“-y”(形容词后缀)构成。修饰名词(如place、room、person),比较级为“noisier”,最高级为“noisiest”,常用搭配为“a noisy place”(吵闹的地方)、“too noisy”(太吵)。
【常用搭配】a noisy classroom(吵闹的教室)、a noisy street(嘈杂的街道)、keep from being noisy(保持不吵闹)
例句:
1. The market near my home is always noisy in the morning.(我家附近的市场早上总是很吵闹。)
2. Please be quiet; the library is not a noisy place.(请安静,图书馆不是吵闹的地方。)
3. The children were too noisy, so their mother asked them to calm down.(孩子们太吵了,所以妈妈让他们安静下来。)
28. system n.系统;体系
【用法释义】指由相互联系、相互作用的部分构成的整体,如“生态系统”“教育体系”等。可数名词,复数形式为systems,核心搭配为“ecosystem”(生态系统)、“education system”(教育体系)、“computer system”(计算机系统)。
【常用搭配】education system(教育体系)、computer system(计算机系统)、management system(管理体系)
例句:
1. The ecosystem is a complex system of living and non-living things.(生态系统是生物和非生物构成的复杂系统。)
2. Our school has a new system for checking students' homework.(我们学校有一个新的作业检查系统。)
3. The computer system in the office stopped working this morning.(办公室的计算机系统今天早上出故障了。)
29. cause vt.使发生,造成,导致
【用法释义】指“导致某事发生”或“使某人出现某种情况”,强调“原因”与“结果”的直接关联。及物动词,核心句型为“cause sth.”(导致某事)和“cause sb. to do sth.”(导致某人做某事),区别于“lead to”(后接名词,不接不定式)。
相关短语/句型:cause pollution(造成污染)、cause sb. to do sth.(导致某人做某事)、cause accidents(引发事故)
例句:
1. Air pollution can cause many respiratory diseases.(空气污染会导致许多呼吸系统疾病。)
2. His carelessness caused the car accident to happen.(他的粗心导致了车祸的发生。)
3. Cutting down too many trees can cause soil erosion.(砍伐过多树木会造成水土流失。)
30. damage vt.损害,毁坏
【用法释义】指“对某物造成部分损害,影响其功能或外观”,程度轻于“destroy”(摧毁,完全破坏),也可作名词表“损害”(do damage to sth.)。及物动词,后接名词/代词作宾语,无被动语态;名词形式常用搭配“do damage to”(对……造成损害)。
【常用搭配】damage the environment(破坏环境)、damage a car(损坏汽车)、do damage to the ecosystem(对生态系统造成损害)
例句:
1. The strong wind last night damaged many windows in our neighborhood.(昨晚的大风损坏了我们小区的许多窗户。)
2. Chemical waste from factories can damage the river's ecosystem.(工厂的化学废料会破坏河流的生态系统。)
3. Don't use sharp tools on the table; they will damage the surface.(不要用锋利的工具在桌子上划,会损坏桌面。)
31. north-east n., adj.&adv.东北;东北方的;向东北方
【用法释义】多词性词:①名词“东北方向/东北地区”;②形容词“东北方的”;③副词“向东北方”。作名词时需加“the”(the north-east);作形容词时修饰名词(如north-east wind);作副词时修饰动词(如blow north-east)。
【常用搭配】the north-east of China(中国东北地区)、north-east wind(东北风)、flow north-east(向东北流)
例句:
1. Harbin is a famous city in the north-east of China.(哈尔滨是中国东北地区的一座著名城市。)
2. A cold north-east wind is blowing today.(今天刮着寒冷的东北风。)
3. The river flows north-east through the small village.(这条河向东北方向流经这个小村庄。)
32. cover n.躲避处;罩子
【用法释义】作名词时两个核心义项:①躲避处(躲避风雨、危险的地方);②罩子(覆盖在某物上的保护物)。可数名词,复数形式为covers,常用搭配为“take cover”(寻找躲避处)、“a cover for sth.”(某物的罩子)。
【常用搭配】take cover(寻找躲避处)、a dust cover(防尘罩)、a table cover(桌罩)
例句:
1. The travelers found a cave as a cover from the heavy rain.(旅行者们找到一个山洞作为避雨的地方。)
2. Please put the cover on the piano to keep it from dust.(请把钢琴罩盖上,防止落灰。)
3. We need to find a cover before the storm arrives.(我们需要在暴风雨来临前找个躲避处。)
33. rare adj.稀罕的,珍贵的
【用法释义】指“数量少、不常见的”,可表示“稀罕的”或“珍贵的”,与“common”(常见的)相对。修饰名词(如animals、plants、chance),比较级为“rarer”,最高级为“rarest”,常用搭配为“rare animals”(珍稀动物)、“rare chance”(难得的机会)。
【常用搭配】rare animals(珍稀动物)、rare plants(珍稀植物)、rare chance(难得的机会)
例句:
1. The giant panda is a rare animal in the world.(大熊猫是世界上的珍稀动物。)
2. This kind of rare flower only grows in high-altitude areas.(这种珍稀的花只生长在高海拔地区。)
3. He got a rare chance to visit the national wildlife reserve.(他得到了一个难得的机会去参观国家野生动物保护区。)
34. stay n.停留,逗留
【用法释义】指“在某地停留的一段时间”,也可作动词表“停留”(如stay at a hotel),本单元重点讲名词义。可数名词,复数形式为stays,常用搭配为“a short stay”(短暂停留)、“during one's stay”(在某人停留期间),多与介词“at/in”搭配表示停留地点(stay at a hotel/stay in Beijing)。
【常用搭配】a short stay(短暂停留)、a long stay(长期逗留)、during my stay in Shanghai(我在上海停留期间)
例句:
1. We had a three-day stay in the mountain village last month.(上个月我们在那个山村停留了三天。)
2. During his stay in London, he visited many famous museums.(在伦敦逗留期间,他参观了许多著名的博物馆。)
3. She planned a short stay at her grandma's house for the weekend.(她计划周末去奶奶家短暂停留。)
35. daytime n.白天
【用法释义】指从日出到日落的时间段,与“night”(夜晚)相对。不可数名词,不与不定冠词“a/an”连用,常用搭配为“during the daytime”(在白天)、“in the daytime”(在白天),区别于“day”(可指“一天”,也可指“白天”,daytime更侧重“白天时段”)。
【常用搭配】during the daytime(在白天)、in the daytime(在白天)、work in the daytime(白天工作)
例句:
1. Many animals sleep at night and look for food during the daytime.(许多动物晚上睡觉,白天寻找食物。)
2. It's too hot to go out in the daytime, so we usually go for a walk in the evening.(白天出去太热了,所以我们通常晚上去散步。)
3. He likes to read books in the daytime and watch movies at night.(他喜欢白天看书,晚上看电影。)
36. lead vi.造成(后果)
【用法释义】表示“导致某种结果或后果”,常与介词“to”搭配;也可作及物动词表“带领”(如lead sb. to a place),本单元重点讲“造成后果”义。不及物动词,核心搭配为“lead to”(导致),后接名词或名词性短语,不接不定式(区别于“cause sb. to do sth.”)。
相关短语/句型:lead to(导致)、lead to problems(导致问题)、lead to environmental damage(导致环境破坏)
例句:
1. Too much waste can lead to serious pollution of the environment.(过多的废弃物会导致严重的环境污染。)
2. Lack of exercise and bad eating habits may lead to health problems.(缺乏运动和不良饮食习惯可能会导致健康问题。)
3. Cutting down trees without planning can lead to the loss of wildlife habitats.(无计划地砍伐树木会导致野生生物栖息地的丧失。)
37. mud n.泥,淤泥,泥浆
【用法释义】指泥土与水混合形成的柔软、湿润的物质,常见于雨后地面、池塘底部等。不可数名词,不与不定冠词“a/an”连用,常用搭配为“in the mud”(在泥里)、“covered with mud”(被泥覆盖)、“mud puddle”(泥坑)。
【常用搭配】in the mud(在泥里)、covered with mud(被泥覆盖)、mud puddle(泥坑)
例句:
1. After the rain, the road was full of mud, so we walked carefully.(雨后路上全是泥,所以我们走得很小心。)
2. The children played in the mud puddle and got their clothes dirty.(孩子们在泥坑里玩,把衣服弄脏了。)
3. The old man's shoes were covered with mud after he walked through the wetland.(老人穿过湿地后,鞋子上沾满了泥。)
38. create vt.创建,创造
【用法释义】指“造出原本不存在的事物”,如创造作品、创建组织、创造条件等。及物动词,后接名词/代词作宾语,常用搭配为“create a new plan”(制定新计划)、“create opportunities”(创造机会)、“create a beautiful painting”(创作一幅美丽的画)。
【常用搭配】create a plan(制定计划)、create opportunities(创造机会)、create a safe environment(创造安全的环境)
例句:
1. The government plans to create more nature reserves to protect wildlife.(政府计划创建更多自然保护区来保护野生生物。)
2. She used her imagination to create a wonderful story for the children.(她运用想象力为孩子们创作了一个精彩的故事。)
3. We should work together to create a clean and tidy living environment.(我们应该共同努力,创造干净整洁的生活环境。)
39. set up 建立
【用法释义】指“创建、设立组织、机构、系统等”,也可表示“搭建(物体)”(如set up a tent)。及物动词短语,后接名词作宾语,无被动语态(若表“被建立”,用“be set up”),常见搭配为“set up a school”(建立学校)、“set up a company”(创办公司)、“set up a system”(建立系统)。
【常用搭配】set up a nature reserve(建立自然保护区)、set up a new club(成立新俱乐部)、set up a computer system(搭建计算机系统)
例句:
1. Our city set up a new wetland reserve last year to protect red-crowned cranes.(我们城市去年建立了一个新的湿地保护区,用于保护丹顶鹤。)
2. They decided to set up a volunteer group to help clean the park.(他们决定成立一个志愿者小组,帮助清理公园。)
3. The workers spent three days setting up the stage for the concert.(工人们花了三天时间搭建音乐会的舞台。)
40. balanced adj.保持平衡的
【用法释义】指“各部分比例协调、不偏向某一方的”,可用于描述生态、饮食、生活等场景,由“balance”(平衡,n./v.)+“-ed”(形容词后缀)构成。修饰名词(如ecosystem、diet、life),常用搭配为“balanced ecosystem”(平衡的生态系统)、“balanced diet”(均衡饮食)、“balanced life”(平衡的生活)。
【常用搭配】balanced ecosystem(平衡的生态系统)、balanced diet(均衡饮食)、balanced development(均衡发展)
例句:
1. A balanced ecosystem is important for the survival of all living things.(平衡的生态系统对所有生物的生存都很重要。)
2. We should keep a balanced diet with enough vegetables and fruits every day.(我们每天应该保持均衡饮食,摄入足够的蔬菜和水果。)
3. It's necessary to have a balanced life between work and rest.(在工作和休息之间保持平衡的生活是很有必要的。)
41. knowledge n.知识
【用法释义】指通过学习、经验获得的对事物的认识和理解,也可指“某一领域的知识”。不可数名词,不与不定冠词“a/an”连用,常用搭配为“gain knowledge”(获取知识)、“knowledge of sth.”(某方面的知识)、“practical knowledge”(实用知识)。
【常用搭配】gain knowledge(获取知识)、knowledge of environmental protection(环境保护知识)、spread knowledge(传播知识)
例句:
1. Reading books is a good way to gain knowledge about the world.(读书是获取世界知识的好方法。)
2. He has a lot of knowledge of wetlands and their importance.(他对湿地及其重要性有很多了解。)
3. Teachers play an important role in passing knowledge to students.(教师在向学生传递知识方面发挥着重要作用。)
42. wastewater n.废水
【用法释义】指使用过的、不再需要的水,如工业废水、生活废水等,常含有污染物。不可数名词,不与不定冠词“a/an”连用,常用搭配为“treat wastewater”(处理废水)、“industrial wastewater”(工业废水)、“domestic wastewater”(生活废水)。
【常用搭配】treat wastewater(处理废水)、industrial wastewater(工业废水)、discharge wastewater(排放废水)
例句:
1. Factories must treat wastewater before discharging it into rivers.(工厂必须先处理废水,再排入河流。)
2. Our community has a new system to recycle wastewater for watering plants.(我们社区有一个新系统,可回收废水用于浇花。)
3. Discharging untreated wastewater will seriously pollute the environment.(排放未经处理的废水会严重污染环境。)
43. environment-friendly adj.环保的,不损害环境的
【用法释义】指“对环境友好的、不会对环境造成伤害的”,也可写作“environmentally friendly”。修饰名词(如products、materials、lifestyle),常用搭配为“environment-friendly products”(环保产品)、“environment-friendly lifestyle”(环保生活方式)。
【常用搭配】environment-friendly products(环保产品)、environment-friendly materials(环保材料)、environment-friendly technology(环保技术)
例句:
1. We should choose environment-friendly bags instead of plastic bags to protect the environment.(我们应该选择环保袋而不是塑料袋,以保护环境。)
2. This company produces environment-friendly cleaning products that won't harm rivers.(这家公司生产环保清洁产品,不会伤害河流。)
3. An environment-friendly lifestyle, like saving water and electricity, is good for the earth.(环保的生活方式,如节约用水用电,对地球有益。)
44. kill vt.&vi.杀死,弄死
【用法释义】及物动词时表示“杀死某人/某物”(直接接宾语);不及物动词时表示“致死、造成死亡”(如The disease kills easily. 这种疾病容易致死)。作及物动词时,常见搭配为“kill animals”(杀死动物)、“kill plants”(弄死植物);作不及物动词时,多描述疾病、灾害等的致死性。
【常用搭配】kill wild animals(杀害野生动物)、kill plants by overwatering(浇水过多弄死植物)、be killed by pollution(被污染致死)
例句:
1. Hunting and killing rare animals is against the law in our country.(在我国,猎杀珍稀动物是违法的。)
2. Too much chemical fertilizer can kill the plants in the garden.(过多的化肥会弄死花园里的植物。)
3. Many fish in the lake were killed by the polluted water.(湖里的许多鱼被污染的水弄死了。)
45. solve vt.解决;解答
【用法释义】指“找到问题的解决方案”或“解答难题、习题”,主语多为人,宾语多为“问题、难题”等。及物动词,后接名词/代词作宾语,常用搭配为“solve a problem”(解决问题)、“solve a puzzle”(解开谜题)、“solve a math problem”(解答数学题)。
【常用搭配】solve environmental problems(解决环境问题)、solve a difficult problem(解决难题)、solve a mystery(解开谜团)
例句:
1. We need to work together to solve the problem of air pollution.(我们需要共同努力,解决空气污染问题。)
2. He spent an hour solving the difficult math problem in his homework.(他花了一个小时,解答了作业中的那道数学难题。)
3. This new technology can help solve the problem of wastewater pollution.(这项新技术有助于解决废水污染问题。)
46. environmental adj.环境的
【用法释义】指“与环境相关的”,由“environment”(环境,n.)+“-al”(形容词后缀)构成。修饰名词(如problems、protection、issues),常用搭配为“environmental problems”(环境问题)、“environmental protection”(环境保护)、“environmental issues”(环境议题)。
【常用搭配】environmental protection(环境保护)、environmental problems(环境问题)、environmental laws(环境法规)
例句:
1. Our school holds an environmental protection activity every year to raise students' awareness.(我们学校每年举办一次环境保护活动,以提高学生的意识。)
2. Climate change is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world.(气候变化是世界上最严重的环境问题之一。)
3. The government has made strict environmental laws to protect the ecosystem.(政府制定了严格的环境法规,以保护生态系统。)
综合实战演练
一、单项选择
1. The beautiful ______ in the sea is an important part of the marine ecosystem.
A. coral B. penguin C. kidney D. mud
2. Many kinds of fish live in the ______ near the coast, which provides them with a safe home.
A. climate B. reef C. lung D. topic
3. ______ are lovely birds that can swim well but cannot fly, and they mainly live in cold areas.
A. Corals B. Penguins C. Kidneys D. Lungs
4. A healthy ______ needs all living and non-living things to work together.
A. climate B. wetland C. ecosystem D. pond
5. The ______ in this area is very warm, so many tropical plants grow here.
A. climate B. include C. hold D. return
6. The nature park ______ a large area of wetland and many small ponds.
A. climate B. includes C. holds D. returns
7. ______ things like rocks and water are also important for the ecosystem.
A. Living B. Non-living C. Rare D. Noisy
8. There is a small ______ in our school garden, and we often see small fish in it.
A. coral B. reef C. penguin D. pond
9. The meeting will start ______ 3 o'clock this afternoon, so we need to arrive on time.
A. around B. include C. hold D. return
10. This big box can ______ more than 50 books. It's very useful for storing books.
A. climate B. include C. hold D. return
11. My parents will ______ home from their trip next Monday. I'm looking forward to seeing them.
A. climate B. include C. hold D. return
12. We need to ______ all the old and useless things in the room to make more space.
A. get rid of B. prevent C. store D. act
13. We should take action to ______ the spread of some terrible diseases.
A. get rid of B. prevent C. store D. act
14. People usually ______ food in the fridge to keep it fresh for a longer time.
A. get rid of B. prevent C. store D. act
15. You can use a ______ to clean the table. It can absorb a lot of water.
A. sponge B. kidney C. carbon dioxide D. lung
16. The government must ______ quickly to solve the environmental problems.
A. get rid of B. prevent C. store D. act
17. The ______ is an important organ in our body that helps clean the blood.
A. sponge B. kidney C. carbon dioxide D. lung
18. Plants take in ______ and give out oxygen, which is good for us.
A. sponge B. kidney C. carbon dioxide D. lung
19. The net can ______ the fish so that they can't swim away.
A. trap B. harmful C. therefore D. slow down
20. Smoking is ______ to our health. We should stay away from it.
A. trap B. harmful C. therefore D. slow down
21. He didn't study har D. ______, he failed the English exam.
A. Trap B. Harmful C. Therefore D. Slow down
22. You should ______ when you drive through a school zone to keep the children safe.
A. trap B. be harmful C. therefore D. slow down
23. ______, many animals are losing their homes because of the destruction of wetlands.
A. Sadly B. Ton C. Harm D. Wildlife
24. This big truck can carry more than 10 ______ of goods. It's really powerful.
A. sadly B. tons C. harms D. wildlife
25. Cutting down too many trees will ______ the environment. We must stop doing that.
A. sadly B. ton C. harm D. wildlife
26. We should protect the ______ so that different kinds of animals can live safely.
A. sadly B. ton C. harm D. wildlife
27. Our class will have a discussion about the ______ of environmental protection tomorrow.
A. topic B. quite a few C. noisy D. system
28. There are ______ students in the park. They are all enjoying their weekend.
A. topic B. quite a few C. noisy D. system
29. The street near the market is always ______ because there are too many people and cars.
A. topic B. quite a few C. noisy D. system
30. The education ______ in our country has been improved a lot in recent years.
A. topic B. quite a few C. noisy D. system
31. What ______ the big fire in the forest last month?
A. caused B. damaged C. covered D. led
32. The heavy rain ______ a lot of houses in the small village. Many people became homeless.
A. caused B. damaged C. covered D. led
33. The mountain is ______ with green trees. It looks very beautiful.
A. caused B. damaged C. covered D. led
34. Bad eating habits can ______ to many health problems.
A. cause B. damage C. cover D. lead
35. The children like to play in the ______ near the river. But their parents tell them it's dangerous.
A. mud B. create C. set up D. balanced
36. The government plans to ______ more parks in the city to make people's life better.
A. mud B. create C. set up D. balanced
37. We need to ______ a new club to help students learn English better.
A. mud B. create C. set up D. balanced
38. We should keep a ______ diet to stay healthy. We need to eat different kinds of food.
A. mud B. create C. set up D. balanced
39. We can learn a lot of ______ about the environment from this book.
A. knowledge B. wastewater C. environment-friendly D. solve
40. We must ______ the problem of wastewater pollution as soon as possible.
A. knowledge B. wastewater C. environment-friendly D. solve
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Coral reefs are important parts of the ocean ________ (ecosystem), providing homes for many sea creatures.
2. The ________ (climate) in this area has changed a lot over the past ten years, with more rain in summer.
3. This nature reserve ________ (include) several different types of wetlands that protect wildlife.
4. ________ (non-living) things like rocks and water play a necessary role in keeping the ecosystem balanced.
5. There is a small ________ (pond) in our neighborhood where children often feed ducks on weekends.
6. The old tree in the park is ________ (around) 200 years old and is loved by all local people.
7. This big box can ________ (hold) more than 50 books, so it’s perfect for storing your storybooks.
8. My parents will ________ (return) home from their business trip next Monday, and I’m looking forward to it.
9. We need to ________ (get rid of) all the old and broken furniture in the room to make more space.
10. Taking exercise regularly can ________ (prevent) us from getting some common illnesses.
11. Farmers usually ________ (store) lots of grain in their barns before winter comes.
12. You can use this soft ________ (sponge) to clean the windows, as it won’t leave any marks.
13. The government must ________ (act) quickly to protect the rare red-crowned cranes in the wetlands.
14. A healthy person’s two ________ (kidney) work together to filter waste from the blood.
15. Plants take in ________ (carbon dioxide) from the air and give out oxygen, which is important for us.
16. The special material can ________ (trap) heat in winter, making the room much warmer.
17. Smoking is ________ (harmful) to our health, so everyone should keep away from cigarettes.
18. He studied very hard for the exam; ________ (therefore), he got the highest score in his class.
19. When we do sports, our ________ (lung) work harder to take in more air.
20. You should ________ (slow down) when driving on rainy days, or it’s easy to have an accident.
21. ________ (sadly), many wild animals have lost their homes because of the destruction of wetlands.
22. This heavy truck can carry more than 10 ________ (ton) of goods at a time.
23. Polluted water from factories can ________ (harm) fish and other living things in the river.
24. We should do our best to protect ________ (wildlife) so that future generations can see these animals.
25. Our class had a heated discussion on the ________ (topic) of how to protect the environment yesterday.
26. ________ (quite a few) students in our school ride bikes to school every day to save energy.
27. The market near my home is always ________ (noisy) in the morning, with people talking and selling things.
28. The nervous ________ (system) controls all the activities of our body, like thinking and moving.
29. Cutting down too many trees can ________ (cause) serious air pollution and soil erosion.
30. The strong wind last night ________ (damage) many houses in the small village.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 这些湿地能容纳大量的水,还能防止洪水。
These wetlands can ____ a lot of water and also ____ floods.
2. 我们应该采取行动清除污染,保护野生生物。
We should ____ to ____ pollution and protect wildlife.
3. 这个生态系统包括许多生物和非生物的部分。
This ecosystem ____ many living and ____ parts.
4. 大约有两百吨垃圾被运走,以保护珊瑚礁。
____ two hundred ____ of rubbish are carried away to protect the coral reef.
5. 我们必须阻止人们伤害这些稀罕的丹顶鹤。
We must ____ people from ____ these rare red-crowned cranes.
6. 湿地能贮存水分,因此对维持生态系统很重要。
Wetlands can ____ water, ____ they are important for keeping the ecosystem.
7. 他在这个池塘边停留了一会儿,观察白天活动的鸟类。
He ____ by this ____ for a while to watch the birds active in the daytime.
8. 过多的二氧化碳会对我们的肺造成损害,所以要减少排放。
Too much carbon dioxide can ____ ____ to our lungs, so we need to reduce emissions.
9. 这个环保组织建立了一个项目,帮助解决废水问题。
This ____ organization has ____ a project to help solve the wastewater problem.
10. 噪音污染会使动物的行动慢下来,甚至导致它们离开栖息地。
Noisy pollution can ____ animals' actions ____ and even ____ them to leave their habitats.
11. 不幸的是,很多野生生物因为环境破坏而失去了躲避处。
____, many wildlife have lost their ____ because of environmental damage.
12. 这个地区的气候适合湿地生长,因此有相当多的动植物。
The ____ of this area is suitable for wetlands to grow, so there are ____ ____ ____ plants and animals.
13. 海绵块能吸收水分,这一特性可用于处理某些环境问题。
A ____ can ____ water, and this feature can be used to deal with some environmental problems.
14. 我们应该返回自然,学习如何与生态系统保持平衡。
We should ____ to nature and learn how to keep a ____ relationship with the ecosystem.
15. 这个话题讨论的是如何防止人类活动对湿地造成进一步损害。
This ____ is about how to ____ human activities from causing further ____ to wetlands.
16. 东北方的湿地是丹顶鹤的重要栖息地,我们要好好保护。
The wetlands in the ____ are important habitats for red-crowned cranes, and we must protect them well.
17. 他拿着一份关于野生生物保护的资料,向先生和女士们介绍相关知识。
He ____ a document about wildlife protection and introduced related ____ to the gentlemen and ____.
18. 工厂排放的废水有害,会杀死水中的生物,破坏生态平衡。
The wastewater from factories is ____ and can ____ the creatures in the water, breaking the ecological balance.
19. 我们要采取行动减少碳排放,因为它会使地球温度升高,导致气候异常。
We need to ____ to reduce carbon emissions, because it will raise the Earth's temperature and ____ abnormal ____.
20. 这个池塘周围大约有五十种植物,包括一些稀罕的品种。
There are ____ fifty kinds of plants around this ____, ____ some rare species.
21. 湿地像肾脏一样,能过滤废水,因此被称为“地球之肾”。
Wetlands, like ____, can filter wastewater, so they are called "the kidneys of the Earth".
22. 不幸的是,很多人还没意识到保护生态系统的重要性,仍在破坏环境。
____, many people haven't realized the importance of protecting the ____ and are still damaging the environment.
23. 我们应该建立更多的自然保护区,为野生生物提供安全的躲避处。
We should ____ more nature reserves to provide safe ____ for wildlife.
24. 相当多的科学家正在研究如何利用湿地贮存碳,以减少二氧化碳含量。
____ ____ ____ scientists are studying how to use wetlands to ____ carbon and reduce the amount of carbon dioxide.
25. 噪音会使鱼类的反应慢下来,影响它们寻找食物和躲避危险。
Noise can ____ the reactions of fish ____ and affect their ability to find food and avoid danger.
26. 这个项目的目标是清除湿地中的垃圾,防止进一步的污染。
The goal of this project is to ____ the rubbish in wetlands and ____ further pollution.
27. 他从国外返回后,就开始致力于环保工作,创建了一个相关组织。
After he ____ from abroad, he began to work on ____ work and ____ a related organization.
28. 这些珊瑚礁能为许多海洋生物提供栖息地,因此保护它们很有必要。
These coral ____ can provide habitats for many marine creatures, so it is necessary to protect them.
29. 过量使用化肥会导致土壤污染,进而损害生态系统的平衡。
Overusing chemical fertilizers can ____ soil pollution, which in turn damages the balance of the ____.
30. 白天,丹顶鹤在湿地觅食;夜晚,它们会回到自己的躲避处休息。
In the ____, red-crowned cranes look for food in wetlands; at night, they will ____ to their ____ to rest.
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2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(译林版2024)
Unit 7 The natural world重点词汇
必备知识清单
重点词汇释义
1. coral n.珊瑚
【用法释义】指珊瑚虫分泌的外壳形成的硬质物质,或珊瑚虫本身,是海洋生态系统的重要组成部分。表示“珊瑚”这种物质时为不可数名词;表示“珊瑚虫”时可作可数名词(初中阶段重点记不可数含义),多用于描述海洋生态场景。
【常用搭配】coral reef(珊瑚礁)
例句:
1. Coral is an important part of the marine ecosystem.(珊瑚是海洋生态系统的重要组成部分。)
2. Many colorful fish live around coral in the sea.(海里的珊瑚周围生活着许多色彩鲜艳的鱼。)
3. We must stop activities that damage coral.(我们必须停止破坏珊瑚的活动。)
2. reef n.礁
【用法释义】指海洋或湖泊中由岩石、珊瑚等堆积形成的暗礁,常为海洋生物提供栖息地。可数名词,复数形式为reefs,核心搭配为“coral reef”(珊瑚礁),是本单元生态主题高频词汇。
【常用搭配】coral reef(珊瑚礁)、rock reef(岩礁)
例句:
1. The coral reef near this island is home to hundreds of sea species.(这个岛屿附近的珊瑚礁是数百种海洋生物的家园。)
2. Ships often avoid this area because of hidden reefs.(由于暗礁隐藏,船只经常避开这个区域。)
3. Scientists are studying how to protect the damaged reef.(科学家正在研究如何保护受损的礁石。)
3. penguin n.企鹅
【用法释义】生活在南极及南半球寒冷地区的不会飞的鸟类,擅长游泳。可数名词,复数形式为penguins,常见搭配有“emperor penguin”(帝企鹅),多用于极地动物相关描述。
【常用搭配】emperor penguin(帝企鹅)、king penguin(王企鹅)
例句:
1. Penguin can swim at a speed of up to 20 kilometers per hour.(企鹅的游泳速度可达每小时20公里。)
2. We saw a group of penguins walking on the ice in the documentary.(我们在纪录片里看到一群企鹅在冰上行走。)
3. The cold and snowy environment is perfect for penguins to live.(寒冷多雪的环境非常适合企鹅生存。)
4. ecosystem n.生态系统
【用法释义】生物与其生存环境(包括生物和非生物)相互作用形成的统一整体。可数名词,复数形式为ecosystems,核心搭配有“marine ecosystem”(海洋生态系统)、“wetland ecosystem”(湿地生态系统),是环境类核心词汇。
【常用搭配】marine ecosystem(海洋生态系统)、wetland ecosystem(湿地生态系统)、balanced ecosystem(平衡的生态系统)
例句:
1. Destroying forests will break the balance of the ecosystem.(破坏森林会打破生态系统的平衡。)
2. The wetland ecosystem plays an important role in adjusting climate.(湿地生态系统在调节气候方面发挥重要作用。)
3. All living things depend on the healthy ecosystem to survive.(所有生物都依赖健康的生态系统生存。)
5. climate n.气候
【用法释义】某一地区长期的天气特征(如温度、降水、风力等),区别于短期“weather”(天气)。泛指“气候”时为不可数名词;表示“某种气候类型”时可作可数名词(如a tropical climate),核心搭配为“climate change”(气候变化)。
【常用搭配】climate change(气候变化)、warm climate(温暖气候)、cold climate(寒冷气候)
例句:
1. The climate in Southeast Asia is hot and humid all year round.(东南亚的气候全年炎热潮湿。)
2. Climate change has become a global environmental problem.(气候变化已成为全球性环境问题。)
3. Many plants cannot grow in a dry climate.(许多植物无法在干旱气候中生长。)
6. wetland n.湿地
【用法释义】常年或季节性积水、生长水生或湿生植物的土地,有“地球之肾”的美称。可数名词,复数形式为wetlands,常用搭配有“wetland protection”(湿地保护)、“coastal wetland”(滨海湿地)。
【常用搭配】wetland protection(湿地保护)、coastal wetland(滨海湿地)、wetland reserve(湿地保护区)
例句:
1. Wetland can purify water and provide food for birds.(湿地能净化水质,并为鸟类提供食物。)
2. Our city is building a new wetland park to protect local wildlife.(我们城市正在修建一座新湿地公园,保护当地野生生物。)
3. Polluting wetlands will harm many rare animals.(污染湿地会伤害许多珍稀动物。)
7. include vt.包括
【用法释义】表示“包含、容纳”,指整体中含有某个部分。及物动词,后直接接名词、代词或动名词作宾语,无被动语态;“被包括”需用“be included”;介词形式为“including”(置于名词前,表“包括……在内”)。
【常用搭配】include sth./sb.(包括某物/某人)、including(介词,“包括”)
例句:
1. This course includes lessons on environmental protection.(这门课程包括环境保护相关课程。)
2. Ten students, including Li Ming, will take part in the competition.(包括李明在内的10名学生将参加比赛。)
3. The book includes many pictures of rare animals.(这本书包含许多珍稀动物的图片。)
8. non-living adj.非生物的
【用法释义】指没有生命的,与“living”(生物的)相对。由否定前缀“non-”+“living”构成,修饰名词,核心搭配为“non-living things”(非生物),常用于生态系统相关描述。
【常用搭配】non-living things(非生物)、non-living environment(非生物环境)
例句:
1. Rocks, water and air are all non-living things in nature.(岩石、水和空气都是自然界中的非生物。)
2. The non-living environment provides necessary conditions for living things.(非生物环境为生物提供必要的生存条件。)
3. We should learn to tell the difference between living and non-living things.(我们应该学会区分生物和非生物。)
9. pond n.池塘
【用法释义】面积较小、水位较浅的人工或天然水域,区别于“lake”(湖,面积更大、更深)。可数名词,复数形式为ponds,常用搭配有“fish pond”(鱼塘)、“lotus pond”(荷花池)。
【常用搭配】fish pond(鱼塘)、lotus pond(荷花池)、small pond(小池塘)
例句:
1. There is a small pond with lotus flowers in our school yard.(我们校园里有一个种着荷花的小池塘。)
2. Children like to catch small fish in the pond on weekends.(孩子们周末喜欢在池塘里捉小鱼。)
3. Frogs often lay eggs in the quiet pond.(青蛙经常在安静的池塘里产卵。)
10. around adv.大约
【用法释义】表示“接近某个数量、时间或程度”,相当于“about”;也可作副词表“周围”、介词表“在……周围”(本单元重点讲“大约”义)。修饰数词(时间、数量),置于数词前或后均可。
【常用搭配】around 8 o'clock(大约8点)、around 100 people(大约100人)
例句:
1. The meeting will end around 5 o'clock this afternoon.(会议将于今天下午大约5点结束。)
2. There are around 50 students in each class of our grade.(我们年级每个班大约有50名学生。)
3. The temperature tomorrow will be around 18 degrees.(明天的气温大约是18度。)
11. hold vt.容纳;拿着;举行
【用法释义】有三个核心义项:①容纳(主语多为场所);②拿着(主语多为人);③举行(主语多为活动)。及物动词,后接名词/代词作宾语,无被动语态(表“被容纳”需用“can be held”)。
【常用搭配】hold a meeting(举行会议)、hold a book(拿着一本书)、hold 200 people(容纳200人)
例句:
1. This hall can hold more than 500 people for the concert.(这个大厅能容纳500多人参加音乐会。)
2. She held a cup of hot tea in her hands to keep warm.(她手里拿着一杯热茶取暖。)
3. Our school will hold a sports meeting next month.(我们学校下个月将举行运动会。)
12. return vi.返回,回去,回来
【用法释义】指“回到原来的地方”,也可作及物动词表“归还”(如return sth. to sb.),本单元重点讲“返回”义。不及物动词,后接地点时需加介词“to”(return to + 地点);“回家”“去学校”等短语中,“home/school”为副词,不加“to”(return home/school)。
【常用搭配】return to hometown(回到家乡)、return home(回家)、return from work(下班回来)
例句:
1. He will return to Beijing after finishing his work in Shanghai.(他在上海完成工作后将返回北京。)
2. Birds return to the south when winter comes.(冬天来临时,鸟儿飞回南方。)
3. My father usually returns home at 7 p.m.(我爸爸通常晚上7点回家。)
13. prevent vt.防止,阻止
【用法释义】表示“阻止某事发生”或“阻止某人做某事”。及物动词,核心句型为“prevent sb. from doing sth.”(阻止某人做某事),主动语态中“from”可省略,被动语态中“from”不可省略(be prevented from doing sth.)。
相关短语/句型:prevent sb. from doing sth.(阻止某人做某事)、prevent pollution(防止污染)、prevent accidents(防止事故)
例句:
1. We must prevent people from cutting down trees in the forest.(我们必须阻止人们在森林里砍树。)
2. Wearing seat belts can prevent us from getting hurt in car accidents.(系安全带能防止我们在车祸中受伤。)
3. This law is used to prevent the overfishing of sea animals.(这项法律用于防止过度捕捞海洋动物。)
14. store vt.贮存
【用法释义】指“把某物储存起来以备后用”,也可作名词表“商店”(如a grocery store),本单元重点讲“贮存”义。及物动词,后接名词/代词作宾语,常用搭配为“store sth. in sp.”(把某物储存在某地)。
【常用搭配】store food in the fridge(把食物储存在冰箱里)、store water in a tank(把水储存在水箱里)、store energy(储存能量)
例句:
1. Farmers store grain in warehouses to use in winter.(农民把粮食储存在仓库里,以备冬天使用。)
2. This box is used to store old photos and letters.(这个盒子用来存放旧照片和信件。)
3. Plants store energy from the sun in their leaves and roots.(植物把来自太阳的能量储存在叶子和根部。)
15. sponge n.海绵块
【用法释义】指用于清洁、吸水的海绵制品,也可指海洋中的“海绵动物”(初中阶段重点记“海绵块”)。可数名词,复数形式为sponges,常用搭配为“clean with a sponge”(用海绵清洁)、“a piece of sponge”(一块海绵)。
【常用搭配】clean with a sponge(用海绵清洁)、a piece of sponge(一块海绵)、sponge cloth(海绵布)
例句:
1. She uses a sponge to clean the kitchen table every day.(她每天用海绵擦厨房桌子。)
2. This sponge can absorb much more water than a cloth.(这块海绵比布能吸更多水。)
3. I need to buy a new sponge because the old one is broken.(我需要买一块新海绵,因为旧的坏了。)
16. act vi.起作用;行动;vt.扮演
【用法释义】多义动词:①不及物“起作用”(常与“as”搭配);②不及物“行动”(常与副词搭配);③及物“扮演”(后接角色)。作“起作用”时,搭配“act as”(充当……);作“行动”时,搭配“act quickly/slowly”(迅速/缓慢行动);作“扮演”时,搭配“act a role”(扮演角色)。
【常用搭配】act as(充当;起……作用)、act quickly(迅速行动)、act the main role(扮演主角)
例句:
1. Trees act as a natural filter to clean the air.(树木充当天然过滤器,净化空气。)
2. We must act quickly to save the endangered animals.(我们必须迅速行动,拯救濒危动物。)
3. She will act the role of a doctor in the school play.(她将在校园剧中扮演一名医生。)
17. kidney n.肾脏
【用法释义】人体或动物体内的排泄器官,负责过滤血液、排出废物,比喻义“事物的核心”(初中阶段重点记本义)。可数名词,复数形式为kidneys,常用搭配为“human kidney”(人类肾脏)、“kidney disease”(肾脏疾病)。
【常用搭配】human kidney(人类肾脏)、kidney disease(肾脏疾病)、healthy kidneys(健康的肾脏)
例句:
1. Each person has two kidneys that help remove waste from the body.(每个人有两个肾脏,帮助排出体内废物。)
2. Drinking enough water every day is good for our kidneys.(每天喝足够的水对我们的肾脏有好处。)
3. The doctor said his kidneys are working normally.(医生说他的肾脏功能正常。)
18. trap vt.吸收;使落入险境
【用法释义】两个核心义项:①吸收(气体、热量等);②使某人/某物被困在某地。及物动词,后接名词/代词作宾语,“使被困”时常用搭配“trap sb./sth. in sp.”(使……被困在某地)。
【常用搭配】trap carbon dioxide(吸收二氧化碳)、trap heat(吸收热量)、trap sb. in a room(把某人困在房间里)
例句:
1. Forests can trap a large amount of carbon dioxide from the air.(森林能从空气中吸收大量二氧化碳。)
2. The heavy rain trapped many people in the shopping mall.(大雨使许多人被困在商场里。)
3. This material can trap sunlight to keep the room warm in winter.(这种材料能吸收阳光,让房间在冬天保持温暖。)
19. harmful adj.有害的
【用法释义】指“对某人/某物有伤害的”,与“harmless”(无害的)相对。由“harm”(伤害,n./v.)+“-ful”(形容词后缀)构成,修饰名词,核心搭配为“be harmful to”(对……有害)。
【常用搭配】be harmful to(对……有害)、harmful substances(有害物质)、harmful effects(有害影响)
例句:
1. Smoking is harmful to both smokers and people around them.(吸烟对吸烟者和周围的人都有害。)
2. The harmful chemicals in the river have killed many fish.(河里的有害物质杀死了许多鱼。)
3. Too much time on mobile phones is harmful to children's eyes.(过多使用手机对孩子的眼睛有害。)
20. therefore adv.因此
【用法释义】表示因果关系,连接两个有逻辑关系的句子,比“so”更正式,多用于书面语。可置于句首(后加逗号)、句中(前后加逗号)或句末(前加逗号),无连接句子的语法功能,需用分号或句号连接前后句。
相关短语/句型:therefore(因此,表因果)、He is ill; therefore, he can't go to school.(他生病了,因此不能去上学。)
例句:
1. The road is closed; therefore, we have to take another route.(这条路封了,因此我们不得不走另一条路。)
2. She studied hard for the exam; therefore, she got a good grade.(她为考试努力学习,因此取得了好成绩。)
3. The weather is too bad; therefore, we cancel the outdoor activity.(天气太糟糕了,因此我们取消了户外活动。)
21. lung n.肺
【用法释义】人体或动物体内的呼吸器官,负责吸入氧气、排出二氧化碳。可数名词,复数形式为lungs,常用搭配为“human lung”(人类的肺)、“lung cancer”(肺癌),常见短语“fill the lungs with air”(深呼吸)。
【常用搭配】human lung(人类的肺)、lung cancer(肺癌)、take a deep breath to fill the lungs(深呼吸让肺部充满空气)
例句:
1. Fresh air is important for keeping our lungs healthy.(新鲜空气对保持肺部健康很重要。)
2. Smoking can cause serious damage to our lungs.(吸烟会对我们的肺造成严重伤害。)
3. The doctor checked his lungs and said there was nothing wrong.(医生检查了他的肺,说没有问题。)
22. sadly adv.不幸地;悲伤地
【用法释义】表示“不幸的是”(修饰整个句子)或“悲伤地”(修饰动词),由“sad”(悲伤的)+“-ly”(副词后缀)构成。可置于句首(表“不幸地”)、句中或句末(表“悲伤地”),修饰句子、动词或形容词。
【常用搭配】shake one's head sadly(悲伤地摇头)、say sadly(悲伤地说)、sadly enough(不幸的是)
例句:
1. Sadly, many rare birds have died because of habitat loss.(不幸的是,许多珍稀鸟类因栖息地丧失而死亡。)
2. She looked at the dead cat sadly and buried it in the garden.(她悲伤地看着那只死猫,把它埋在了花园里。)
3. Sadly, the old tree we used to play under was cut down.(不幸的是,我们以前在下面玩耍的那棵老树被砍了。)
23. ton n.吨
【用法释义】重量单位(1吨=1000千克),也可用于口语表“大量”(a ton of sth.)。可数名词,复数形式为tons,“a ton of”后接可数名词复数或不可数名词(口语中表“大量”),正式场合表重量时需明确“metric ton”(公吨)。
【常用搭配】a ton of coal(一吨煤)、two tons of rice(两吨大米)、a ton of homework(大量作业)
例句:
1. This truck can carry up to 15 tons of goods.(这辆卡车最多能装15吨货物。)
2. We need a ton of sand to build the new playground.(我们需要一吨沙子来修建新操场。)
3. He has a ton of work to finish before the end of the week.(他在周末前有大量工作要完成。)
24. harm vt.伤害,损害
【用法释义】指“对某人/某物造成身体、情感或功能上的伤害”,也可作名词表“伤害”(do harm to sth.)。及物动词,后接名词/代词作宾语,无被动语态;名词形式常用搭配“do harm to”(对……造成伤害),与“be harmful to”同义。
【常用搭配】harm the environment(危害环境)、harm one's health(损害健康)、do harm to(对……造成伤害)
例句:
1. Polluted air can harm the health of people living in the city.(污染的空气会伤害生活在城市里的人的健康。)
2. Don't harm small animals; they are our friends.(不要伤害小动物,它们是我们的朋友。)
3. Too much sugar and salt can harm your teeth and heart.(过多的糖和盐会伤害你的牙齿和心脏。)
25. wildlife n.野生生物
【用法释义】指生活在自然环境中的动物、植物等,不包括人工饲养或栽培的生物。不可数名词,不与不定冠词“a/an”连用,常用搭配为“protect wildlife”(保护野生生物)、“wildlife reserve”(野生动物保护区)。
【常用搭配】protect wildlife(保护野生生物)、wildlife reserve(野生动物保护区)、wildlife protection(野生生物保护)
例句:
1. The government has made laws to protect wildlife.(政府制定了法律来保护野生生物。)
2. This area is a safe home for many kinds of wildlife.(这个地区是多种野生生物的安全家园。)
3. We should not disturb the life of wildlife in nature.(我们不应该打扰自然界中野生生物的生活。)
26. topic n.话题
【用法释义】指谈话、文章、讨论或演讲的核心主题。可数名词,复数形式为topics,常用搭配为“talk about a topic”(谈论一个话题)、“hot topic”(热门话题)、“choose a topic”(选择话题)。
【常用搭配】hot topic(热门话题)、talk about a topic(谈论话题)、write about a topic(围绕话题写作)
例句:
1. Our English class will discuss the topic of "environmental protection" today.(我们今天的英语课将讨论“环境保护”这个话题。)
2. Wildlife protection is a hot topic around the world now.(野生生物保护是现在全世界的热门话题。)
3. She chose "the importance of wetlands" as her speech topic.(她选择“湿地的重要性”作为演讲话题。)
27. noisy adj.充满噪声的;吵闹的
【用法释义】指“声音大、让人觉得吵闹的”,由“noise”(噪音)+“-y”(形容词后缀)构成。修饰名词(如place、room、person),比较级为“noisier”,最高级为“noisiest”,常用搭配为“a noisy place”(吵闹的地方)、“too noisy”(太吵)。
【常用搭配】a noisy classroom(吵闹的教室)、a noisy street(嘈杂的街道)、keep from being noisy(保持不吵闹)
例句:
1. The market near my home is always noisy in the morning.(我家附近的市场早上总是很吵闹。)
2. Please be quiet; the library is not a noisy place.(请安静,图书馆不是吵闹的地方。)
3. The children were too noisy, so their mother asked them to calm down.(孩子们太吵了,所以妈妈让他们安静下来。)
28. system n.系统;体系
【用法释义】指由相互联系、相互作用的部分构成的整体,如“生态系统”“教育体系”等。可数名词,复数形式为systems,核心搭配为“ecosystem”(生态系统)、“education system”(教育体系)、“computer system”(计算机系统)。
【常用搭配】education system(教育体系)、computer system(计算机系统)、management system(管理体系)
例句:
1. The ecosystem is a complex system of living and non-living things.(生态系统是生物和非生物构成的复杂系统。)
2. Our school has a new system for checking students' homework.(我们学校有一个新的作业检查系统。)
3. The computer system in the office stopped working this morning.(办公室的计算机系统今天早上出故障了。)
29. cause vt.使发生,造成,导致
【用法释义】指“导致某事发生”或“使某人出现某种情况”,强调“原因”与“结果”的直接关联。及物动词,核心句型为“cause sth.”(导致某事)和“cause sb. to do sth.”(导致某人做某事),区别于“lead to”(后接名词,不接不定式)。
相关短语/句型:cause pollution(造成污染)、cause sb. to do sth.(导致某人做某事)、cause accidents(引发事故)
例句:
1. Air pollution can cause many respiratory diseases.(空气污染会导致许多呼吸系统疾病。)
2. His carelessness caused the car accident to happen.(他的粗心导致了车祸的发生。)
3. Cutting down too many trees can cause soil erosion.(砍伐过多树木会造成水土流失。)
30. damage vt.损害,毁坏
【用法释义】指“对某物造成部分损害,影响其功能或外观”,程度轻于“destroy”(摧毁,完全破坏),也可作名词表“损害”(do damage to sth.)。及物动词,后接名词/代词作宾语,无被动语态;名词形式常用搭配“do damage to”(对……造成损害)。
【常用搭配】damage the environment(破坏环境)、damage a car(损坏汽车)、do damage to the ecosystem(对生态系统造成损害)
例句:
1. The strong wind last night damaged many windows in our neighborhood.(昨晚的大风损坏了我们小区的许多窗户。)
2. Chemical waste from factories can damage the river's ecosystem.(工厂的化学废料会破坏河流的生态系统。)
3. Don't use sharp tools on the table; they will damage the surface.(不要用锋利的工具在桌子上划,会损坏桌面。)
31. north-east n., adj.&adv.东北;东北方的;向东北方
【用法释义】多词性词:①名词“东北方向/东北地区”;②形容词“东北方的”;③副词“向东北方”。作名词时需加“the”(the north-east);作形容词时修饰名词(如north-east wind);作副词时修饰动词(如blow north-east)。
【常用搭配】the north-east of China(中国东北地区)、north-east wind(东北风)、flow north-east(向东北流)
例句:
1. Harbin is a famous city in the north-east of China.(哈尔滨是中国东北地区的一座著名城市。)
2. A cold north-east wind is blowing today.(今天刮着寒冷的东北风。)
3. The river flows north-east through the small village.(这条河向东北方向流经这个小村庄。)
32. cover n.躲避处;罩子
【用法释义】作名词时两个核心义项:①躲避处(躲避风雨、危险的地方);②罩子(覆盖在某物上的保护物)。可数名词,复数形式为covers,常用搭配为“take cover”(寻找躲避处)、“a cover for sth.”(某物的罩子)。
【常用搭配】take cover(寻找躲避处)、a dust cover(防尘罩)、a table cover(桌罩)
例句:
1. The travelers found a cave as a cover from the heavy rain.(旅行者们找到一个山洞作为避雨的地方。)
2. Please put the cover on the piano to keep it from dust.(请把钢琴罩盖上,防止落灰。)
3. We need to find a cover before the storm arrives.(我们需要在暴风雨来临前找个躲避处。)
33. rare adj.稀罕的,珍贵的
【用法释义】指“数量少、不常见的”,可表示“稀罕的”或“珍贵的”,与“common”(常见的)相对。修饰名词(如animals、plants、chance),比较级为“rarer”,最高级为“rarest”,常用搭配为“rare animals”(珍稀动物)、“rare chance”(难得的机会)。
【常用搭配】rare animals(珍稀动物)、rare plants(珍稀植物)、rare chance(难得的机会)
例句:
1. The giant panda is a rare animal in the world.(大熊猫是世界上的珍稀动物。)
2. This kind of rare flower only grows in high-altitude areas.(这种珍稀的花只生长在高海拔地区。)
3. He got a rare chance to visit the national wildlife reserve.(他得到了一个难得的机会去参观国家野生动物保护区。)
34. stay n.停留,逗留
【用法释义】指“在某地停留的一段时间”,也可作动词表“停留”(如stay at a hotel),本单元重点讲名词义。可数名词,复数形式为stays,常用搭配为“a short stay”(短暂停留)、“during one's stay”(在某人停留期间),多与介词“at/in”搭配表示停留地点(stay at a hotel/stay in Beijing)。
【常用搭配】a short stay(短暂停留)、a long stay(长期逗留)、during my stay in Shanghai(我在上海停留期间)
例句:
1. We had a three-day stay in the mountain village last month.(上个月我们在那个山村停留了三天。)
2. During his stay in London, he visited many famous museums.(在伦敦逗留期间,他参观了许多著名的博物馆。)
3. She planned a short stay at her grandma's house for the weekend.(她计划周末去奶奶家短暂停留。)
35. daytime n.白天
【用法释义】指从日出到日落的时间段,与“night”(夜晚)相对。不可数名词,不与不定冠词“a/an”连用,常用搭配为“during the daytime”(在白天)、“in the daytime”(在白天),区别于“day”(可指“一天”,也可指“白天”,daytime更侧重“白天时段”)。
【常用搭配】during the daytime(在白天)、in the daytime(在白天)、work in the daytime(白天工作)
例句:
1. Many animals sleep at night and look for food during the daytime.(许多动物晚上睡觉,白天寻找食物。)
2. It's too hot to go out in the daytime, so we usually go for a walk in the evening.(白天出去太热了,所以我们通常晚上去散步。)
3. He likes to read books in the daytime and watch movies at night.(他喜欢白天看书,晚上看电影。)
36. lead vi.造成(后果)
【用法释义】表示“导致某种结果或后果”,常与介词“to”搭配;也可作及物动词表“带领”(如lead sb. to a place),本单元重点讲“造成后果”义。不及物动词,核心搭配为“lead to”(导致),后接名词或名词性短语,不接不定式(区别于“cause sb. to do sth.”)。
相关短语/句型:lead to(导致)、lead to problems(导致问题)、lead to environmental damage(导致环境破坏)
例句:
1. Too much waste can lead to serious pollution of the environment.(过多的废弃物会导致严重的环境污染。)
2. Lack of exercise and bad eating habits may lead to health problems.(缺乏运动和不良饮食习惯可能会导致健康问题。)
3. Cutting down trees without planning can lead to the loss of wildlife habitats.(无计划地砍伐树木会导致野生生物栖息地的丧失。)
37. mud n.泥,淤泥,泥浆
【用法释义】指泥土与水混合形成的柔软、湿润的物质,常见于雨后地面、池塘底部等。不可数名词,不与不定冠词“a/an”连用,常用搭配为“in the mud”(在泥里)、“covered with mud”(被泥覆盖)、“mud puddle”(泥坑)。
【常用搭配】in the mud(在泥里)、covered with mud(被泥覆盖)、mud puddle(泥坑)
例句:
1. After the rain, the road was full of mud, so we walked carefully.(雨后路上全是泥,所以我们走得很小心。)
2. The children played in the mud puddle and got their clothes dirty.(孩子们在泥坑里玩,把衣服弄脏了。)
3. The old man's shoes were covered with mud after he walked through the wetland.(老人穿过湿地后,鞋子上沾满了泥。)
38. create vt.创建,创造
【用法释义】指“造出原本不存在的事物”,如创造作品、创建组织、创造条件等。及物动词,后接名词/代词作宾语,常用搭配为“create a new plan”(制定新计划)、“create opportunities”(创造机会)、“create a beautiful painting”(创作一幅美丽的画)。
【常用搭配】create a plan(制定计划)、create opportunities(创造机会)、create a safe environment(创造安全的环境)
例句:
1. The government plans to create more nature reserves to protect wildlife.(政府计划创建更多自然保护区来保护野生生物。)
2. She used her imagination to create a wonderful story for the children.(她运用想象力为孩子们创作了一个精彩的故事。)
3. We should work together to create a clean and tidy living environment.(我们应该共同努力,创造干净整洁的生活环境。)
39. set up 建立
【用法释义】指“创建、设立组织、机构、系统等”,也可表示“搭建(物体)”(如set up a tent)。及物动词短语,后接名词作宾语,无被动语态(若表“被建立”,用“be set up”),常见搭配为“set up a school”(建立学校)、“set up a company”(创办公司)、“set up a system”(建立系统)。
【常用搭配】set up a nature reserve(建立自然保护区)、set up a new club(成立新俱乐部)、set up a computer system(搭建计算机系统)
例句:
1. Our city set up a new wetland reserve last year to protect red-crowned cranes.(我们城市去年建立了一个新的湿地保护区,用于保护丹顶鹤。)
2. They decided to set up a volunteer group to help clean the park.(他们决定成立一个志愿者小组,帮助清理公园。)
3. The workers spent three days setting up the stage for the concert.(工人们花了三天时间搭建音乐会的舞台。)
40. balanced adj.保持平衡的
【用法释义】指“各部分比例协调、不偏向某一方的”,可用于描述生态、饮食、生活等场景,由“balance”(平衡,n./v.)+“-ed”(形容词后缀)构成。修饰名词(如ecosystem、diet、life),常用搭配为“balanced ecosystem”(平衡的生态系统)、“balanced diet”(均衡饮食)、“balanced life”(平衡的生活)。
【常用搭配】balanced ecosystem(平衡的生态系统)、balanced diet(均衡饮食)、balanced development(均衡发展)
例句:
1. A balanced ecosystem is important for the survival of all living things.(平衡的生态系统对所有生物的生存都很重要。)
2. We should keep a balanced diet with enough vegetables and fruits every day.(我们每天应该保持均衡饮食,摄入足够的蔬菜和水果。)
3. It's necessary to have a balanced life between work and rest.(在工作和休息之间保持平衡的生活是很有必要的。)
41. knowledge n.知识
【用法释义】指通过学习、经验获得的对事物的认识和理解,也可指“某一领域的知识”。不可数名词,不与不定冠词“a/an”连用,常用搭配为“gain knowledge”(获取知识)、“knowledge of sth.”(某方面的知识)、“practical knowledge”(实用知识)。
【常用搭配】gain knowledge(获取知识)、knowledge of environmental protection(环境保护知识)、spread knowledge(传播知识)
例句:
1. Reading books is a good way to gain knowledge about the world.(读书是获取世界知识的好方法。)
2. He has a lot of knowledge of wetlands and their importance.(他对湿地及其重要性有很多了解。)
3. Teachers play an important role in passing knowledge to students.(教师在向学生传递知识方面发挥着重要作用。)
42. wastewater n.废水
【用法释义】指使用过的、不再需要的水,如工业废水、生活废水等,常含有污染物。不可数名词,不与不定冠词“a/an”连用,常用搭配为“treat wastewater”(处理废水)、“industrial wastewater”(工业废水)、“domestic wastewater”(生活废水)。
【常用搭配】treat wastewater(处理废水)、industrial wastewater(工业废水)、discharge wastewater(排放废水)
例句:
1. Factories must treat wastewater before discharging it into rivers.(工厂必须先处理废水,再排入河流。)
2. Our community has a new system to recycle wastewater for watering plants.(我们社区有一个新系统,可回收废水用于浇花。)
3. Discharging untreated wastewater will seriously pollute the environment.(排放未经处理的废水会严重污染环境。)
43. environment-friendly adj.环保的,不损害环境的
【用法释义】指“对环境友好的、不会对环境造成伤害的”,也可写作“environmentally friendly”。修饰名词(如products、materials、lifestyle),常用搭配为“environment-friendly products”(环保产品)、“environment-friendly lifestyle”(环保生活方式)。
【常用搭配】environment-friendly products(环保产品)、environment-friendly materials(环保材料)、environment-friendly technology(环保技术)
例句:
1. We should choose environment-friendly bags instead of plastic bags to protect the environment.(我们应该选择环保袋而不是塑料袋,以保护环境。)
2. This company produces environment-friendly cleaning products that won't harm rivers.(这家公司生产环保清洁产品,不会伤害河流。)
3. An environment-friendly lifestyle, like saving water and electricity, is good for the earth.(环保的生活方式,如节约用水用电,对地球有益。)
44. kill vt.&vi.杀死,弄死
【用法释义】及物动词时表示“杀死某人/某物”(直接接宾语);不及物动词时表示“致死、造成死亡”(如The disease kills easily. 这种疾病容易致死)。作及物动词时,常见搭配为“kill animals”(杀死动物)、“kill plants”(弄死植物);作不及物动词时,多描述疾病、灾害等的致死性。
【常用搭配】kill wild animals(杀害野生动物)、kill plants by overwatering(浇水过多弄死植物)、be killed by pollution(被污染致死)
例句:
1. Hunting and killing rare animals is against the law in our country.(在我国,猎杀珍稀动物是违法的。)
2. Too much chemical fertilizer can kill the plants in the garden.(过多的化肥会弄死花园里的植物。)
3. Many fish in the lake were killed by the polluted water.(湖里的许多鱼被污染的水弄死了。)
45. solve vt.解决;解答
【用法释义】指“找到问题的解决方案”或“解答难题、习题”,主语多为人,宾语多为“问题、难题”等。及物动词,后接名词/代词作宾语,常用搭配为“solve a problem”(解决问题)、“solve a puzzle”(解开谜题)、“solve a math problem”(解答数学题)。
【常用搭配】solve environmental problems(解决环境问题)、solve a difficult problem(解决难题)、solve a mystery(解开谜团)
例句:
1. We need to work together to solve the problem of air pollution.(我们需要共同努力,解决空气污染问题。)
2. He spent an hour solving the difficult math problem in his homework.(他花了一个小时,解答了作业中的那道数学难题。)
3. This new technology can help solve the problem of wastewater pollution.(这项新技术有助于解决废水污染问题。)
46. environmental adj.环境的
【用法释义】指“与环境相关的”,由“environment”(环境,n.)+“-al”(形容词后缀)构成。修饰名词(如problems、protection、issues),常用搭配为“environmental problems”(环境问题)、“environmental protection”(环境保护)、“environmental issues”(环境议题)。
【常用搭配】environmental protection(环境保护)、environmental problems(环境问题)、environmental laws(环境法规)
例句:
1. Our school holds an environmental protection activity every year to raise students' awareness.(我们学校每年举办一次环境保护活动,以提高学生的意识。)
2. Climate change is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world.(气候变化是世界上最严重的环境问题之一。)
3. The government has made strict environmental laws to protect the ecosystem.(政府制定了严格的环境法规,以保护生态系统。)
综合实战演练
一、单项选择
1. The beautiful ______ in the sea is an important part of the marine ecosystem.
A. coral B. penguin C. kidney D. mud
2. Many kinds of fish live in the ______ near the coast, which provides them with a safe home.
A. climate B. reef C. lung D. topic
3. ______ are lovely birds that can swim well but cannot fly, and they mainly live in cold areas.
A. Corals B. Penguins C. Kidneys D. Lungs
4. A healthy ______ needs all living and non-living things to work together.
A. climate B. wetland C. ecosystem D. pond
5. The ______ in this area is very warm, so many tropical plants grow here.
A. climate B. include C. hold D. return
6. The nature park ______ a large area of wetland and many small ponds.
A. climate B. includes C. holds D. returns
7. ______ things like rocks and water are also important for the ecosystem.
A. Living B. Non-living C. Rare D. Noisy
8. There is a small ______ in our school garden, and we often see small fish in it.
A. coral B. reef C. penguin D. pond
9. The meeting will start ______ 3 o'clock this afternoon, so we need to arrive on time.
A. around B. include C. hold D. return
10. This big box can ______ more than 50 books. It's very useful for storing books.
A. climate B. include C. hold D. return
11. My parents will ______ home from their trip next Monday. I'm looking forward to seeing them.
A. climate B. include C. hold D. return
12. We need to ______ all the old and useless things in the room to make more space.
A. get rid of B. prevent C. store D. act
13. We should take action to ______ the spread of some terrible diseases.
A. get rid of B. prevent C. store D. act
14. People usually ______ food in the fridge to keep it fresh for a longer time.
A. get rid of B. prevent C. store D. act
15. You can use a ______ to clean the table. It can absorb a lot of water.
A. sponge B. kidney C. carbon dioxide D. lung
16. The government must ______ quickly to solve the environmental problems.
A. get rid of B. prevent C. store D. act
17. The ______ is an important organ in our body that helps clean the blood.
A. sponge B. kidney C. carbon dioxide D. lung
18. Plants take in ______ and give out oxygen, which is good for us.
A. sponge B. kidney C. carbon dioxide D. lung
19. The net can ______ the fish so that they can't swim away.
A. trap B. harmful C. therefore D. slow down
20. Smoking is ______ to our health. We should stay away from it.
A. trap B. harmful C. therefore D. slow down
21. He didn't study har D. ______, he failed the English exam.
A. Trap B. Harmful C. Therefore D. Slow down
22. You should ______ when you drive through a school zone to keep the children safe.
A. trap B. be harmful C. therefore D. slow down
23. ______, many animals are losing their homes because of the destruction of wetlands.
A. Sadly B. Ton C. Harm D. Wildlife
24. This big truck can carry more than 10 ______ of goods. It's really powerful.
A. sadly B. tons C. harms D. wildlife
25. Cutting down too many trees will ______ the environment. We must stop doing that.
A. sadly B. ton C. harm D. wildlife
26. We should protect the ______ so that different kinds of animals can live safely.
A. sadly B. ton C. harm D. wildlife
27. Our class will have a discussion about the ______ of environmental protection tomorrow.
A. topic B. quite a few C. noisy D. system
28. There are ______ students in the park. They are all enjoying their weekend.
A. topic B. quite a few C. noisy D. system
29. The street near the market is always ______ because there are too many people and cars.
A. topic B. quite a few C. noisy D. system
30. The education ______ in our country has been improved a lot in recent years.
A. topic B. quite a few C. noisy D. system
31. What ______ the big fire in the forest last month?
A. caused B. damaged C. covered D. led
32. The heavy rain ______ a lot of houses in the small village. Many people became homeless.
A. caused B. damaged C. covered D. led
33. The mountain is ______ with green trees. It looks very beautiful.
A. caused B. damaged C. covered D. led
34. Bad eating habits can ______ to many health problems.
A. cause B. damage C. cover D. lead
35. The children like to play in the ______ near the river. But their parents tell them it's dangerous.
A. mud B. create C. set up D. balanced
36. The government plans to ______ more parks in the city to make people's life better.
A. mud B. create C. set up D. balanced
37. We need to ______ a new club to help students learn English better.
A. mud B. create C. set up D. balanced
38. We should keep a ______ diet to stay healthy. We need to eat different kinds of food.
A. mud B. create C. set up D. balanced
39. We can learn a lot of ______ about the environment from this book.
A. knowledge B. wastewater C. environment-friendly D. solve
40. We must ______ the problem of wastewater pollution as soon as possible.
A. knowledge B. wastewater C. environment-friendly D. solve
答案及解析
1. A
【解析】句意为“海里美丽的______是海洋生态系统的重要组成部分”。A选项“coral”(珊瑚)符合海洋生态系统的语境;B选项“penguin”(企鹅)是动物,并非生态系统的基础组成部分;C选项“kidney”(肾脏)是人体器官;D选项“mud”(泥)不符合“美丽”且“重要组成部分”的描述,故选A。
2. B
【解析】句意为“许多种鱼生活在海岸附近的______里,这里为它们提供了安全的家园”。A选项“climate”(气候)不能表示鱼类居住的场所;B选项“reef”(礁)是鱼类常见的栖息地,符合语境;C选项“lung”(肺)是人体器官;D选项“topic”(话题)与语境无关,故选B。
3. B
【解析】句意为“______是可爱的鸟类,游泳很好但不会飞,它们主要生活在寒冷地区”。A选项“Corals”(珊瑚)不是鸟类;B选项“Penguins”(企鹅)符合“鸟类、会游泳、不会飞、生活在寒冷地区”的特征;C选项“Kidneys”(肾脏)是人体器官;D选项“Lungs”(肺)是人体器官,故选B。
4. C
【解析】句意为“健康的______需要所有生物和非生物共同作用”。A选项“climate”(气候)只是生态系统的一部分;B选项“wetland”(湿地)是一种生态环境类型;C选项“ecosystem”(生态系统)涵盖生物和非生物,符合“共同作用”的描述;D选项“pond”(池塘)是具体的小水域,故选C。
5. A
【解析】句意为“这个地区的______非常温暖,所以许多热带植物在这里生长”。A选项“climate”(气候)符合“温暖”且影响植物生长的语境;B选项“include”(包括)是动词,此处需名词;C选项“hold”(容纳、举行)是动词;D选项“return”(返回)是动词,故选A。
6. B
【解析】句意为“这个自然公园______大片湿地和许多小池塘”。A选项“climate”(气候)与“包含湿地和池塘”无关;B选项“includes”(包括)符合“公园包含特定区域”的语境;C选项“holds”(容纳)侧重“容纳物品”,不用于描述区域包含;D选项“returns”(返回)与语境无关,故选B。
7. B
【解析】句意为“______事物如岩石和水对生态系统也很重要”。A选项“Living”(生物的)与“岩石和水”不符;B选项“Non-living”(非生物的)符合“岩石和水”的属性;C选项“Rare”(稀有的)不是描述“岩石和水”与生态系统关系的核心词;D选项“Noisy”(吵闹的)与语境无关,故选B。
8. D
【解析】句意为“我们学校花园里有一个小______,我们经常在里面看到小鱼”。A选项“coral”(珊瑚)通常生活在海里,不适合学校花园;B选项“reef”(礁)也多见于海洋;C选项“penguin”(企鹅)无法在花园生存;D选项“pond”(池塘)是小鱼常见的生存环境,符合语境,故选D。
9. A
【解析】句意为“会议将于今天下午______3点开始,所以我们需要准时到达”。A选项“around”(大约)用于表示时间的大概范围,符合语境;B选项“include”(包括)是动词,此处需副词;C选项“hold”(举行)是动词;D选项“return”(返回)是动词,故选A。
10. C
【解析】句意为“这个大盒子能______50多本书,对储存书很有用”。A选项“climate”(气候)与“装书”无关;B选项“include”(包括)侧重“包含内容”,不表示“容纳物品”;C选项“hold”(容纳)符合“盒子装书”的语境;D选项“return”(返回)与语境无关,故选C。
11. D
【解析】句意为“我父母将于下周一旅行______家,我很期待见到他们”。A选项“climate”(气候)与“回家”无关;B选项“include”(包括)是动词,不符合“回家”的语义;C选项“hold”(举行、容纳)与语境无关;D选项“return”(返回)“return home”表示“回家”,符合语境,故选D。
12. A
【解析】句意为“我们需要______房间里所有旧的无用物品,以腾出更多空间”。A选项“get rid of”(清除;摆脱)符合“处理旧物腾出空间”的语境;B选项“prevent”(防止)侧重“阻止某事发生”,不用于“处理物品”;C选项“store”(贮存)与“腾出空间”相反;D选项“act”(行动、起作用)语义不具体,故选A。
13. B
【解析】句意为“我们应该采取行动______一些可怕疾病的传播”。A选项“get rid of”(清除)侧重“去除已存在的事物”,不用于“阻止传播”;B选项“prevent”(防止,阻止)“prevent the spread of...”表示“阻止……的传播”,符合语境;C选项“store”(贮存)与“疾病传播”无关;D选项“act”(行动)需搭配具体动作,语义不完整,故选B。
14. C
【解析】句意为“人们通常把食物______在冰箱里,以使其保鲜更长时间”。A选项“get rid of”(清除)与“保鲜食物”相反;B选项“prevent”(防止)不用于“存放食物”;C选项“store”(贮存)符合“冰箱存食物”的语境;D选项“act”(行动)与语境无关,故选C。
15. A
【解析】句意为“你可以用一块______擦桌子,它能吸收很多水”。A选项“sponge”(海绵块)具有“吸水擦桌子”的功能,符合语境;B选项“kidney”(肾脏)是人体器官;C选项“carbon dioxide”(二氧化碳)是气体;D选项“lung”(肺)是人体器官,故选A。
16. D
【解析】句意为“政府必须迅速______以解决环境问题”。A选项“get rid of”(清除)需搭配“清除的事物”,语义不完整;B选项“prevent”(防止)不用于“解决已存在的问题”;C选项“store”(贮存)与“环境问题”无关;D选项“act”(行动)“act quickly”表示“迅速行动”,符合“解决问题”的语境,故选D。
17. B
【解析】句意为“______是我们身体里帮助净化血液的重要器官”。A选项“sponge”(海绵块)不是人体器官;B选项“kidney”(肾脏)的功能是净化血液,符合语境;C选项“carbon dioxide”(二氧化碳)是气体;D选项“lung”(肺)的功能是呼吸,故选B。
18. C
【解析】句意为“植物吸收______并释放氧气,这对我们有益”。A选项“sponge”(海绵块)与植物的生理作用无关;B选项“kidney”(肾脏)是人体器官;C选项“carbon dioxide”(二氧化碳)是植物光合作用的原料,符合“吸收二氧化碳释放氧气”的常识;D选项“lung”(肺)是人体器官,故选C。
19. A
【解析】句意为“渔网能______鱼,使它们无法游走”。A选项“trap”(吸收;使落入险境)此处表示“困住鱼”,符合语境;B选项“harmful”(有害的)是形容词,此处需动词;C选项“therefore”(因此)是副词;D选项“slow down”(使慢下来)与“鱼无法游走”不符,故选A。
20. B
【解析】句意为“吸烟对我们的健康______,我们应该远离它”。A选项“trap”(困住)是动词,此处需形容词;B选项“harmful”(有害的)“be harmful to”表示“对……有害”,符合语境;C选项“therefore”(因此)是副词;D选项“slow down”(使慢下来)与“健康”无关,故选B。
21. C
【解析】句意为“他学习不努力,______,他英语考试不及格”。A选项“Trap”(困住)是动词;B选项“Harmful”(有害的)是形容词;C选项“Therefore”(因此)表示因果关系,符合“学习不努力”导致“考试不及格”的逻辑;D选项“Slow down”(使慢下来)与语境无关,故选C。
22. D
【解析】句意为“当你开车经过学校区域时,应该______,以保证孩子们的安全”。A选项“trap”(困住)与“安全驾驶”无关;B选项“be harmful”(有害的)语义不符;C选项“therefore”(因此)是副词,此处需动词短语;D选项“slow down”(使慢下来)符合“学校区域减速保障安全”的常识,故选D。
23. A
【解析】句意为“______,许多动物因为湿地的破坏正在失去它们的家园”。A选项“Sadly”(不幸地;悲伤地)符合“动物失去家园”的悲伤语境;B选项“Ton”(吨)是重量单位;C选项“Harm”(伤害)是名词或动词;D选项“Wildlife”(野生生物)是名词,此处需副词修饰句子,故选A。
24. B
【解析】句意为“这辆大卡车能运载超过10______的货物,真的很有力”。A选项“sadly”(不幸地)是副词;B选项“tons”(吨)“ton”的复数形式,用于表示货物重量,符合语境;C选项“harms”(伤害)是名词复数;D选项“wildlife”(野生生物)与“货物”无关,故选B。
25. C
【解析】句意为“砍伐太多树木会______环境,我们必须停止这样做”。A选项“sadly”(不幸地)是副词;B选项“ton”(吨)是重量单位;C选项“harm”(伤害,损害)“harm the environment”表示“损害环境”,符合语境;D选项“wildlife”(野生生物)与“砍伐树木对环境的影响”无关,故选C。
26. D
【解析】句意为“我们应该保护______,以便不同种类的动物能安全生活”。A选项“sadly”(不幸地)是副词;B选项“ton”(吨)是重量单位;C选项“harm”(伤害)与“保护”语义相反;D选项“wildlife”(野生生物)“protect wildlife”表示“保护野生生物”,符合“动物安全生活”的语境,故选D。
27. A
【解析】句意为“我们班明天将有一个关于环境保护的______的讨论”。A选项“topic”(话题)“the topic of environmental protection”表示“环境保护的话题”,符合“讨论”的语境;B选项“quite a few”(相当多)是限定词,不用于“讨论的……”;C选项“noisy”(吵闹的)是形容词;D选项“system”(系统)与“环境保护讨论”无关,故选A。
28. B
【解析】句意为“公园里有______学生,他们都在享受周末”。A选项“topic”(话题)与“学生数量”无关;B选项“quite a few”(相当多,不少)用于修饰可数名词复数“students”,符合语境;C选项“noisy”(吵闹的)是形容词,不用于表示数量;D选项“system”(系统)与语境无关,故选B。
29. C
【解析】句意为“市场附近的街道总是______,因为有太多人和车”。A选项“topic”(话题)与“街道”无关;B选项“quite a few”(相当多)是限定词,不用于描述街道状态;C选项“noisy”(充满噪声的;吵闹的)符合“人多车多”的街道特征;D选项“system”(系统)与语境无关,故选C。
30. D
【解析】句意为“近年来,我国的教育______有了很大改善”。A选项“topic”(话题)与“教育改善”无关;B选项“quite a few”(相当多)是限定词;C选项“noisy”(吵闹的)是形容词;D选项“system”(系统;体系)“education system”表示“教育体系”,符合“改善”的语境,故选D。
31. A
【解析】句意为“上个月森林里的大火是什么______的?”。A选项“caused”(使发生,造成,导致)“What caused...?”表示“什么导致了……?”,符合“询问大火原因”的语境;B选项“damaged”(损害,毁坏)侧重“对事物造成破坏”,不用于“询问原因”;C选项“covered”(覆盖)与“大火原因”无关;D选项“led”(导致)需搭配“to”,“lead to”才表示“导致”,此处缺少介词,故选A。
32. B
【解析】句意为“大雨______了小村庄里的很多房子,许多人无家可归”。A选项“caused”(导致)侧重“引发某事”,不直接表示“破坏房子”;B选项“damaged”(损害,毁坏)符合“大雨破坏房子”的语境;C选项“covered”(覆盖)与“无家可归”的结果不符;D选项“led”(导致)需搭配“to”,且语义不直接指向“破坏房子”,故选B。
33. C
【解析】句意为“这座山被绿树______,看起来非常美丽”。A选项“caused”(导致)与“山和绿树”无关;B选项“damaged”(损害)与“美丽”的语境相反;C选项“covered”(覆盖)“be covered with”表示“被……覆盖”,符合“山被绿树覆盖”的描述;D选项“led”(导致)与语境无关,故选C。
34. D
【解析】句意为“不良的饮食习惯会______很多健康问题”。A选项“cause”(导致)是及物动词,直接接宾语,此处“to”多余;B选项“damage”(损害)侧重“破坏事物”,不用于“导致健康问题”;C选项“cover”(覆盖)与语境无关;D选项“led”(导致)“lead to”是固定短语,表示“导致”,符合语境,故选D。
35. A
【解析】句意为“孩子们喜欢在河边的______里玩,但他们的父母告诉他们这很危险”。A选项“mud”(泥,淤泥,泥浆)符合“河边”且“玩耍有危险”的语境;B选项“create”(创建)是动词;C选项“set up”(建立)是动词短语;D选项“balanced”(保持平衡的)是形容词,此处需名词,故选A。
36. B
【解析】句意为“政府计划在城市里______更多公园,以改善人们的生活”。A选项“mud”(泥)与“建公园”无关;B选项“create”(创建,创造)符合“计划新建公园”的语境;C选项“set up”(建立)侧重“建立组织、机构”,不常用于“建公园”;D选项“balanced”(保持平衡的)是形容词,此处需动词,故选B。
37. C
【解析】句意为“我们需要______一个新俱乐部,以帮助学生更好地学习英语”。A选项“mud”(泥)与“建俱乐部”无关;B选项“create”(创建)侧重“创造新事物”,不常用于“建立俱乐部”;C选项“set up”(建立)“set up a club”表示“建立俱乐部”,是固定搭配,符合语境;D选项“balanced”(保持平衡的)是形容词,此处需动词短语,故选C。
38. D
【解析】句意为“我们应该保持______的饮食以保持健康,我们需要吃不同种类的食物”。A选项“mud”(泥)与“饮食”无关;B选项“create”(创建)是动词;C选项“set up”(建立)是动词短语;D选项“balanced”(保持平衡的)“balanced diet”表示“均衡饮食”,符合“吃不同食物保持健康”的语境,故选D。
39. A
【解析】句意为“我们可以从这本书中学习到很多关于环境的______”。A选项“knowledge”(知识)“learn knowledge”表示“学习知识”,符合语境;B选项“wastewater”(废水)与“从书中学到”无关;C选项“environment-friendly”(环保的)是形容词;D选项“solve”(解决)是动词,此处需名词,故选A。
40. D
【解析】句意为“我们必须尽快______废水污染问题”。A选项“knowledge”(知识)是名词,此处需动词;B选项“wastewater”(废水)是名词;C选项“environment-friendly”(环保的)是形容词;D选项“solve”(解决;解答)“solve the problem”表示“解决问题”,符合语境,故选D。
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Coral reefs are important parts of the ocean ________ (ecosystem), providing homes for many sea creatures.
2. The ________ (climate) in this area has changed a lot over the past ten years, with more rain in summer.
3. This nature reserve ________ (include) several different types of wetlands that protect wildlife.
4. ________ (non-living) things like rocks and water play a necessary role in keeping the ecosystem balanced.
5. There is a small ________ (pond) in our neighborhood where children often feed ducks on weekends.
6. The old tree in the park is ________ (around) 200 years old and is loved by all local people.
7. This big box can ________ (hold) more than 50 books, so it’s perfect for storing your storybooks.
8. My parents will ________ (return) home from their business trip next Monday, and I’m looking forward to it.
9. We need to ________ (get rid of) all the old and broken furniture in the room to make more space.
10. Taking exercise regularly can ________ (prevent) us from getting some common illnesses.
11. Farmers usually ________ (store) lots of grain in their barns before winter comes.
12. You can use this soft ________ (sponge) to clean the windows, as it won’t leave any marks.
13. The government must ________ (act) quickly to protect the rare red-crowned cranes in the wetlands.
14. A healthy person’s two ________ (kidney) work together to filter waste from the blood.
15. Plants take in ________ (carbon dioxide) from the air and give out oxygen, which is important for us.
16. The special material can ________ (trap) heat in winter, making the room much warmer.
17. Smoking is ________ (harmful) to our health, so everyone should keep away from cigarettes.
18. He studied very hard for the exam; ________ (therefore), he got the highest score in his class.
19. When we do sports, our ________ (lung) work harder to take in more air.
20. You should ________ (slow down) when driving on rainy days, or it’s easy to have an accident.
21. ________ (sadly), many wild animals have lost their homes because of the destruction of wetlands.
22. This heavy truck can carry more than 10 ________ (ton) of goods at a time.
23. Polluted water from factories can ________ (harm) fish and other living things in the river.
24. We should do our best to protect ________ (wildlife) so that future generations can see these animals.
25. Our class had a heated discussion on the ________ (topic) of how to protect the environment yesterday.
26. ________ (quite a few) students in our school ride bikes to school every day to save energy.
27. The market near my home is always ________ (noisy) in the morning, with people talking and selling things.
28. The nervous ________ (system) controls all the activities of our body, like thinking and moving.
29. Cutting down too many trees can ________ (cause) serious air pollution and soil erosion.
30. The strong wind last night ________ (damage) many houses in the small village.
答案与解析:
1. ecosystems
【解析】句中“Coral reefs”(珊瑚礁)为复数,对应的“生态系统”也应使用复数形式“ecosystems”,表示多个生态系统。
2. climate
【解析】“climate”(气候)是不可数名词,此处指“这个地区的气候”,无需变形,直接用原形。
3. includes
【解析】句子主语“this nature reserve”(这个自然保护区)是第三人称单数,一般现在时中,谓语动词“include”需加“s”,变为“includes”。
4. Non-living
【解析】“non-living”(非生物的)是形容词,此处修饰名词“things”,位于句首首字母需大写,无需其他变形。
5. pond
【解析】“pond”(池塘)是可数名词,句中“a small”后接可数名词单数,故用原形“pond”。
6. around
【解析】“around”(大约)在此处为副词,修饰数词“200 years old”,无词形变化,直接使用原形。
7. hold
【解析】情态动词“can”后接动词原形,“hold”(容纳)符合语法要求,故用原形。
8. return
【解析】情态动词“will”后接动词原形,“return”(返回)无需变形,直接使用。
9. get rid of
【解析】“need to”后接动词原形,“get rid of”(清除;摆脱)是固定短语,无词形变化,直接使用。
10. prevent
【解析】情态动词“can”后接动词原形,“prevent”(防止)用原形即可。
11. store
【解析】句子主语“farmers”(农民)是复数,一般现在时中,谓语动词用原形“store”(贮存)。
12. sponge
【解析】“sponge”(海绵块)是可数名词,句中“this soft”后接可数名词单数,故用原形。
13. act
【解析】情态动词“must”后接动词原形,“act”(行动)用原形符合语法规则。
14. kidneys
【解析】句中“two”后接可数名词复数,“kidney”(肾脏)的复数形式为“kidneys”。
15. carbon dioxide
【解析】“carbon dioxide”(二氧化碳)是不可数名词,无复数形式,直接使用原形。
16. trap
【解析】情态动词“can”后接动词原形,“trap”(吸收;使落入险境)用原形即可。
17. harmful
【解析】“be harmful to”(对……有害)是固定搭配,“harmful”(有害的)是形容词,无需变形,符合句子结构。
18. therefore
【解析】“therefore”(因此)是副词,在句中作状语,无词形变化,直接使用。
19. lungs
【解析】句中“our”后接可数名词复数(指人的两个肺),“lung”(肺)的复数形式为“lungs”。
20. slow down
【解析】情态动词“should”后接动词原形,“slow down”(使慢下来)是固定短语,无词形变化,直接使用。
21. Sadly
【解析】“sadly”(不幸地;悲伤地)是副词,在句首修饰整个句子,首字母大写,无需其他变形。
22. tons
【解析】句中“10”后接可数名词复数,“ton”(吨)的复数形式为“tons”。
23. harm
【解析】情态动词“can”后接动词原形,“harm”(伤害)用原形符合语法要求。
24. wildlife
【解析】“wildlife”(野生生物)是不可数名词,无复数形式,直接使用原形。
25. topic
【解析】“topic”(话题)是可数名词,句中“the”后接可数名词单数(特指“保护环境”这一话题),故用原形。
26. Quite a few
【解析】“quite a few”(相当多,不少)是固定短语,位于句首首字母大写,无词形变化,直接使用。
27. noisy
【解析】“be noisy”(充满噪声的;吵闹的)是系表结构,“noisy”(吵闹的)是形容词,无需变形,符合句子语法。
28. system
【解析】“nervous system”(神经系统)是固定搭配,“system”(系统)用单数形式,故用原形。
29. cause
【解析】情态动词“can”后接动词原形,“cause”(导致)用原形即可。
30. damaged
【解析】句中“last night”(昨晚)表示过去的时间,谓语动词需用过去式,“damage”(损害)的过去式为“damaged”。
三、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 这些湿地能容纳大量的水,还能防止洪水。
These wetlands can ____ a lot of water and also ____ floods.
2. 我们应该采取行动清除污染,保护野生生物。
We should ____ to ____ pollution and protect wildlife.
3. 这个生态系统包括许多生物和非生物的部分。
This ecosystem ____ many living and ____ parts.
4. 大约有两百吨垃圾被运走,以保护珊瑚礁。
____ two hundred ____ of rubbish are carried away to protect the coral reef.
5. 我们必须阻止人们伤害这些稀罕的丹顶鹤。
We must ____ people from ____ these rare red-crowned cranes.
6. 湿地能贮存水分,因此对维持生态系统很重要。
Wetlands can ____ water, ____ they are important for keeping the ecosystem.
7. 他在这个池塘边停留了一会儿,观察白天活动的鸟类。
He ____ by this ____ for a while to watch the birds active in the daytime.
8. 过多的二氧化碳会对我们的肺造成损害,所以要减少排放。
Too much carbon dioxide can ____ ____ to our lungs, so we need to reduce emissions.
9. 这个环保组织建立了一个项目,帮助解决废水问题。
This ____ organization has ____ a project to help solve the wastewater problem.
10. 噪音污染会使动物的行动慢下来,甚至导致它们离开栖息地。
Noisy pollution can ____ animals' actions ____ and even ____ them to leave their habitats.
11. 不幸的是,很多野生生物因为环境破坏而失去了躲避处。
____, many wildlife have lost their ____ because of environmental damage.
12. 这个地区的气候适合湿地生长,因此有相当多的动植物。
The ____ of this area is suitable for wetlands to grow, so there are ____ ____ ____ plants and animals.
13. 海绵块能吸收水分,这一特性可用于处理某些环境问题。
A ____ can ____ water, and this feature can be used to deal with some environmental problems.
14. 我们应该返回自然,学习如何与生态系统保持平衡。
We should ____ to nature and learn how to keep a ____ relationship with the ecosystem.
15. 这个话题讨论的是如何防止人类活动对湿地造成进一步损害。
This ____ is about how to ____ human activities from causing further ____ to wetlands.
16. 东北方的湿地是丹顶鹤的重要栖息地,我们要好好保护。
The wetlands in the ____ are important habitats for red-crowned cranes, and we must protect them well.
17. 他拿着一份关于野生生物保护的资料,向先生和女士们介绍相关知识。
He ____ a document about wildlife protection and introduced related ____ to the gentlemen and ____.
18. 工厂排放的废水有害,会杀死水中的生物,破坏生态平衡。
The wastewater from factories is ____ and can ____ the creatures in the water, breaking the ecological balance.
19. 我们要采取行动减少碳排放,因为它会使地球温度升高,导致气候异常。
We need to ____ to reduce carbon emissions, because it will raise the Earth's temperature and ____ abnormal ____.
20. 这个池塘周围大约有五十种植物,包括一些稀罕的品种。
There are ____ fifty kinds of plants around this ____, ____ some rare species.
21. 湿地像肾脏一样,能过滤废水,因此被称为“地球之肾”。
Wetlands, like ____, can filter wastewater, so they are called "the kidneys of the Earth".
22. 不幸的是,很多人还没意识到保护生态系统的重要性,仍在破坏环境。
____, many people haven't realized the importance of protecting the ____ and are still damaging the environment.
23. 我们应该建立更多的自然保护区,为野生生物提供安全的躲避处。
We should ____ more nature reserves to provide safe ____ for wildlife.
24. 相当多的科学家正在研究如何利用湿地贮存碳,以减少二氧化碳含量。
____ ____ ____ scientists are studying how to use wetlands to ____ carbon and reduce the amount of carbon dioxide.
25. 噪音会使鱼类的反应慢下来,影响它们寻找食物和躲避危险。
Noise can ____ the reactions of fish ____ and affect their ability to find food and avoid danger.
26. 这个项目的目标是清除湿地中的垃圾,防止进一步的污染。
The goal of this project is to ____ the rubbish in wetlands and ____ further pollution.
27. 他从国外返回后,就开始致力于环保工作,创建了一个相关组织。
After he ____ from abroad, he began to work on ____ work and ____ a related organization.
28. 这些珊瑚礁能为许多海洋生物提供栖息地,因此保护它们很有必要。
These coral ____ can provide habitats for many marine creatures, so it is necessary to protect them.
29. 过量使用化肥会导致土壤污染,进而损害生态系统的平衡。
Overusing chemical fertilizers can ____ soil pollution, which in turn damages the balance of the ____.
30. 白天,丹顶鹤在湿地觅食;夜晚,它们会回到自己的躲避处休息。
In the ____, red-crowned cranes look for food in wetlands; at night, they will ____ to their ____ to rest.
答案与解析:
1. hold; prevent
【解析】“容纳”对应词汇表中的“hold”(vt.容纳);“防止”对应“prevent”(vt.防止,阻止),符合句子“湿地容纳水、防止洪水”的语义。
2. act; get rid of
【解析】“采取行动”对应“act”(vi.起作用;行动);“清除”对应短语“get rid of”(清除;摆脱),搭配“act to do sth”(采取行动做某事),符合“行动清除污染”的逻辑。
3. includes; non-living
【解析】“包括”对应“include”(vt.包括),主语“this ecosystem”是单数,谓语用“includes”;“非生物的”对应“non-living”(adj.非生物的),修饰“parts”,符合“生态系统包含生物和非生物部分”的常识。
4. Around; tons
【解析】“大约”对应“around”(adv.大约);“吨”对应“ton”(n.吨),前面有“two hundred”,用复数“tons”,符合“数量+单位”的表达习惯。
5. prevent; harming
【解析】“阻止”对应“prevent”(vt.防止,阻止),常用搭配“prevent sb from doing sth”;“伤害”对应“harm”(vt.伤害,损害),“from”后接动名词“harming”,符合“阻止伤害丹顶鹤”的语义。
6. store; therefore
【解析】“贮存”对应“store”(vt.贮存);“因此”对应“therefore”(adv.因此),表因果关系,符合“湿地存水,因此重要”的逻辑。
7. stayed; pond
【解析】“停留”对应“stay”(n.停留,逗留;此处作动词,过去式“stayed”);“池塘”对应“pond”(n.池塘),符合“在池塘边停留观察鸟类”的场景。
8. cause damage
【解析】“造成损害”对应“cause damage”,“cause”(vt.使发生,造成)和“damage”(vt./n.损害)搭配,“cause damage to sth”表示“对某物造成损害”,符合“二氧化碳伤肺”的语义。
9. environment-friendly; set up
【解析】“环保的”对应“environment-friendly”(adj.环保的);“建立”对应短语“set up”(建立),“has+过去分词”构成现在完成时,“set”的过去分词是“set”,符合“环保组织建立项目”的语境。
10. slow; down; lead
【解析】“(使)慢下来”对应短语“slow down”((使)慢下来);“导致”对应“lead”(vi.造成(后果)),“lead sb to do sth”表示“导致某人做某事”,符合“噪音使动物行动慢、导致离开栖息地”的逻辑。
11. Sadly; cover
【解析】“不幸地”对应“sadly”(adv.不幸地;悲伤地),句首首字母大写;“躲避处”对应“cover”(n.躲避处),符合“野生生物失去躲避处”的语义。
12. climate; quite a few
【解析】“气候”对应“climate”(n.气候);“相当多”对应短语“quite a few”(相当多,不少),修饰可数名词“plants and animals”,符合“气候适合,动植物多”的常识。
13. sponge; trap
【解析】“海绵块”对应“sponge”(n.海绵块);“吸收”对应“trap”(vt.吸收;使落入险境),此处取“吸收”义,符合“海绵吸水”的特性。
14. return; balanced
【解析】“返回”对应“return”(vi.返回);“保持平衡的”对应“balanced”(adj.保持平衡的),修饰“relationship”,符合“返回自然、与生态系统平衡共处”的语境。
15. topic; prevent; damage
【解析】“话题”对应“topic”(n.话题);“防止”对应“prevent”(vt.防止);“损害”对应“damage”(n.损害),“cause damage to”为固定搭配,符合“话题讨论防止湿地损害”的语义。
16. north-east
【解析】“东北方的”对应“north-east”(adj.东北方的),修饰“wetlands”,符合“东北方湿地是丹顶鹤栖息地”的常识。
17. held; knowledge; madam
【解析】“拿着”对应“hold”(vt.拿着),此处用过去式“held”;“知识”对应“knowledge”(n.知识);“女士”对应“madam”(n.女士),与“gentlemen”对应,符合“介绍知识给先生女士”的场景。
18. harmful; kill
【解析】“有害的”对应“harmful”(adj.有害的);“杀死”对应“kill”(vt.&vi.杀死),“can”后接动词原形,符合“废水有害、杀死水中生物”的逻辑。
19. act; cause; climate
【解析】“采取行动”对应“act”(vi.行动);“导致”对应“cause”(vt.导致);“气候”对应“climate”(n.气候),符合“减少碳排放、防止气候异常”的语义。
20. around; pond; including
【解析】“大约”对应“around”(adv.大约);“池塘”对应“pond”(n.池塘);“包括”对应“include”(vt.包括),此处用介词“including”(表主动包含),符合“池塘周围有植物,包括稀有品种”的语境。
21. kidney
【解析】“肾脏”对应“kidney”(n.肾脏),此处用复数“kidneys”(对应“wetlands”的复数,表同类事物),符合“湿地像肾脏”的比喻。
22. Sadly; ecosystem
【解析】“不幸地”对应“sadly”(adv.不幸地),句首首字母大写;“生态系统”对应“ecosystem”(n.生态系统),符合“没意识到保护生态系统”的语义。
23. set up; cover
【解析】“建立”对应“set up”(建立);“躲避处”对应“cover”(n.躲避处),符合“建立保护区提供躲避处”的逻辑。
24. Quite a few; store
【解析】“相当多”对应“quite a few”(相当多,不少),句首首字母大写;“贮存”对应“store”(vt.贮存),“use sth to do sth”后接动词原形,符合“科学家研究用湿地存碳”的语境。
25. slow; down
【解析】“(使)慢下来”对应“slow down”((使)慢下来),“can”后接动词原形,符合“噪音使鱼类反应慢”的语义。
26. get rid of; prevent
【解析】“清除”对应“get rid of”(清除;摆脱);“防止”对应“prevent”(vt.防止),“be to do sth”表目的,后接动词原形,符合“项目目标是清垃圾、防污染”的逻辑。
27. returned; environmental; created
【解析】“返回”对应“return”(vi.返回),过去式“returned”;“环保的”对应“environmental”(adj.环境的),修饰“work”;“创建”对应“create”(vt.创建),过去式“created”,符合“从国外回来后做环保、创组织”的场景。
28. reef
【解析】“礁”对应“reef”(n.礁),“coral reef”为固定搭配“珊瑚礁”,此处用复数“reefs”(对应“these”),符合“珊瑚礁为海洋生物提供栖息地”的常识。
29. cause; ecosystem
【解析】“导致”对应“cause”(vt.导致);“生态系统”对应“ecosystem”(n.生态系统),符合“过量化肥导致污染、损害生态平衡”的逻辑。
30. daytime; return; cover
【解析】“白天”对应“daytime”(n.白天);“返回”对应“return”(vi.返回);“躲避处”对应“cover”(n.躲避处),符合“丹顶鹤白天觅食、夜晚回躲避处”的生活习性。
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