专题06 阅读理解（议论文）（期中真题汇编，云南专用）高二英语上学期

专题06 阅读理解（议论文） 以下汇编的阅读理解D篇按三大主题分类排列： 主题01 人与社会 ——科技创新、企业发展、跨文化沟通、社会趋势 1.分析英伟达在人工智能领域的市场地位、技术优势及面临的竞争 难度：0.65 2.分析远程办公的工具、便利性、健康影响及人际距离问题 难度：0.65 3.质疑智能照明和温控系统的实际节能效果，指出其潜在能源浪费 难度：0.65 4.探讨跨文化沟通中的知识、耐心与调解机制 难度：0.65 5.AI技术推动产业升级、数字经济与实体经济的融合 难度：0.65 主题02 人与自我 ——生活方式、心理状态、行为模式、创造力 1.探讨混乱环境如何激发创造力，介绍“cluttercore”生活方式 难度：0.65 2.探讨完美主义如何导致自我价值感下降，以及接受不完美的重要性 难度：0.65 3.双语能力可延缓认知衰退，提升大脑健康 难度：0.65 主题03 人与自然 —— 环境保护、生物多样性、塑料污染、动物保护 1.分析塑料对海洋、气候和野生动物的影响，呼吁全球合作与创新 难度：0.65 2.探讨人类对“丑萌”动物的情感反应及其背后的进化、文化和伦理问题 难度：0.65 3.介绍新型生物塑料的研发及其对缓解塑料污染的意义 难度：0.65 4.探讨环保旅行方式的发展、虚假环保宣传及可持续出行趋势 难度：0.65 5.介绍中国在生态保护、国家公园建设和大熊猫保护等方面的努力与成就 难度：0.4 主题01 人与社会 ——科技创新、企业发展、远程办公、社会趋势 （24-25高二上·云南玉溪·期中）Waves of innovation often create giants. Artificial intelligence (AI) may well be the next big technological shift, transforming the way of businesses. Firms selling the software and hardware that support AI will gain a lot of profit. But none is better positioned than Nvidia, an American firm that makes specialist AI chips. Its market value briefly passed $1,000 billion this week. Will Nvidia always be a tech-giant in this field? The hype (炒作) around AI makes the question hard to answer. Excitement about Nvidia began to mount in November, after the release of ChatGPT, an AI-powered chatbot. Since then many kinds of firms have launched AI products. Nvidia is in an enviable (令人羡慕的) position. Its core business is designing high-performance chips. At first it sold these to video-game lovers. The chips were also highly efficient at training AI models, and a new, booming market emerged. Nvidia also had the forethought to invest in two areas that helped strengthen its dominance (支配地位). One is advanced networking. Because training AI models requires vast amounts of processing power, many chips — sometimes thousands — are used at the same time. These chips exchange data along a high-performance, AI-tailored network. Nvidia’s other strength is its software. CUDA, its AI platform, is popular with programmers and runs only on the company’s chips. For instance, by giving free access to its chips and software to some AI researchers, the firm focused on encouraging developers to use its software long before its competitors set out to woo them. Despite all these advantages, however, Nvidia’s lasting dominance is not assured. New companies and big chipmakers want a share of Nvidia’s network and chip businesses. The biggest challenge, though, may come from Nvidia’s own customers. The cloud-computing arms of both Amazon and Alphabet are designing their own AI-tailored chips. Both have the potential to become fearsome competitors. 1．Which of the following makes Nvidia enviable according to the passage? A．The hype around artificial intelligence. B．The release of ChatGPT. C．The availability of its chips. D．The high performance of its chips. 2．What does the underlined word “woo” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Hunt for. B．Attend to. C．Approve of. D．Guard against. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Nvidia will lose its dominance definitely. B．Nvidia should further improve its chips. C．Alphabet has weakened Nvidia’s market. D．Amazon will defeat Nvidia soon. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Nvidia Leads AI’s Future B．Nvidia Faces Challenges C．AI Market Flourishes Post-ChatGPT D．Nvidia’s Value Over 100 Billion 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了英伟达公司在人工智能领域的优势及其面临的挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Nvidia is in an enviable (令人羡慕的) position. Its core business is designing high-performance chips.(英伟达的地位令人羡慕。其核心业务是设计高性能芯片)” 可知，英伟达因其高性能芯片而处于令人羡慕的位置。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第五段的“Nvidia’s other strength is its software. CUDA, its AI platform, is popular with programmers and runs only on the company’s chips.(Nvidia的另一个优势是它的软件。CUDA是其人工智能平台，深受程序员欢迎，仅在该公司的芯片上运行)”以及划线单词所在的句子“For instance, by giving free access to its chips and software to some AI researchers, the firm focused on encouraging developers to use its software long before its competitors set out to woo them.(例如，通过让一些人工智能研究人员免费使用其芯片和软件，早在竞争对手开始woo他们之前，该公司就专注于鼓励开发人员使用其软件)” 可知，竞争对手开始吸引寻找开发人员使用他们的软件之前，英伟达就已经通过免费提供芯片和软件来鼓励开发者使用其软件。woo在这里的意思是指“寻找（Hunt for）”。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The biggest challenge, though, may come from Nvidia’s own customers. The cloud-computing arms of both Amazon and Alphabet are designing their own AI-tailored chips. Both have the potential to become fearsome competitors.(不过，最大的挑战可能来自Nvidia自己的客户。亚马逊和Alphabet的云计算部门都在设计自己的AI定制芯片。两者都有可能成为可怕的竞争对手)”可推知，Nvidia需要进一步提高其芯片以应对挑战。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Waves of innovation often create giants. Artificial intelligence (AI) may well be the next big technological shift, transforming the way of businesses. Firms selling the software and hardware that support AI will gain a lot of profit. But none is better positioned than Nvidia, an American firm that makes specialist AI chips.(创新浪潮往往会造就巨头。人工智能（AI）很可能是下一个重大的技术转变，它将改变企业的运营方式。出售支持AI的软件和硬件的公司将获得大量利润。但没有人比美国公司Nvidia更有优势，该公司生产专业的AI芯片)”以及最后一段的“The biggest challenge, though, may come from Nvidia’s own customers. The cloud-computing arms of both Amazon and Alphabet are designing their own AI-tailored chips. Both have the potential to become fearsome competitors.(不过，最大的挑战可能来自Nvidia自己的客户。亚马逊和Alphabet的云计算部门都在设计自己的AI定制芯片。两者都有可能成为可怕的竞争对手)”可知，文章不仅讨论了英伟达在AI领域的领先地位，还指出了它所面临的一系列挑战。因此，最适合作为标题的是“Nvidia面临挑战”。故选B。 （23-24高二上·云南昆明·月考）In a world where the lines between work and home are increasingly blurred(模糊的), remote work is becoming a critical part of our daily routines. Whether you switch between working from home and the office, distant work has become a preferred method of working for many. With the rise of secure, efficient, and automatic tools, remote work is becoming more commonplace than ever before. One such example of this is the popular secure video conferencing platform, Zoom. Zoom’s software is efficient and easy to use, making it a favorite among remote workers. The platform allows users to video conference with colleagues or clients in real-time, regardless of their location. It automatically encrypts(加密) all data transmissions, ensuring that information remains secure during remote meetings. Another example is the rise of smart home devices, such as smart thermostats(恒温调节器) and security cameras. These devices can be automatically controlled by a secure remote command system, allowing users to adjust thermostats, monitor home security, and even instruct smart home devices to obey specific commands remotely. Remote work can also offer a more ergonomic(人类工程学的) approach to working. By using adjustable desks and chairs, remote workers can switch between sitting and standing throughout their daily routine. This can help improve overall health and well-being while working from home or remotely. Despite the efficiency and convenience remote work offers, it also poses some potential risks. One such waning is the potential for distancing between colleagues and clients. It’s important to remember to schedule regular face-to-face meetings to maintain personal relationships and build stronger relationships. In conclusion, remote work has become an increasingly popular method of working in recent years, offering employees greater flexibility and efficiency while working from home or remotely. Secure, efficient, and automatic tools have made remote work more practical and convenient than ever before. However, it’s important to recognize the potential risks of remote work and take measures to avoid them. Switching between remote work and traditional office work can offer employees a more ergonomic and efficient approach to working. 1．What is the function of paragraph ONE? A．Draw a conclusion. B．Introduce the topic. C．Arouse readers’ interest. D．List the arguments. 2．What are NOT the examples of remote work in the passage? A．Zoom. B．Security cameras. C．Wechat. D．Adjustable desks and chairs. 3．What does pose mean in paragraph 5? A．Cause. B．Obtain. C．Reduce. D．Detect. 4．What are NOT the features of remote work according the LAST paragraph? A．Flexibility and efficient. B．Practical and convenient. C．Secure and automatic. D．Traditional and ergonomic. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要阐述远程工作的利与弊。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“In a world where the lines between work and home are increasingly blurred(模糊的), remote work is becoming a critical part of our daily routines. Whether you switch between working from home and the office, distant work has become a preferred method of working for many. With the rise of secure, efficient, and automatic tools, remote work is becoming more commonplace than ever before. (在一个工作和家庭之间的界限越来越模糊的世界里，远程工作正成为我们日常生活的重要组成部分。无论你是在家工作还是在办公室工作，远程工作都已成为许多人的首选工作方式。随着安全、高效和自动化工具的兴起，远程工作变得比以往任何时候都更加普遍。)”可知，这一段主要提出了远程工作这个话题。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“One such example of this is the popular secure video conferencing platform, Zoom. (这方面的一个例子是流行的安全视频会议平台Zoom。)”，第三段“Another example is the rise of smart home devices, such as smart thermostats(恒温调节器) and security cameras. (另一个例子是智能家居设备的兴起，如智能恒温器和安全摄像头。)”和第四段“Remote work can also offer a more ergonomic(人类工程学的) approach to working. By using adjustable desks and chairs, remote workers can switch between sitting and standing throughout their daily routine. (远程工作也可以提供一种更符合人体工程学的工作方式。使用可调节的桌椅，远程工作者可以在日常生活中在坐和站之间切换。)”可知，远程工作的例子包括Zoom，安全摄像头和可调节的桌椅，不包括微信。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段“Despite the efficiency and convenience remote work offers, it also poses some potential risks. One such waning is the potential for distancing between colleagues and clients. It’s important to remember to schedule regular face-to-face meetings to maintain personal relationships and build stronger relationships. (尽管远程工作提供了效率和便利，但它也poses一些潜在的风险。其中弱势之一就是可能拉长了同事和客户之间的距离。重要的是要记住定期安排面对面的会议，以保持个人关系并建立更牢固的关系。)”可知，这一段提到的是远程工作所带来的坏处，所以pose的意思应该是“导致”，和选项A意思一致。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“In conclusion, remote work has become an increasingly popular method of working in recent years, offering employees greater flexibility and efficiency while working from home or remotely. Secure, efficient, and automatic tools have made remote work more practical and convenient than ever before. (总之，近年来，远程工作已成为一种越来越流行的工作方式，为员工在家或远程工作提供了更大的灵活性和效率。安全、高效和自动化的工具使远程工作比以往任何时候都更加实用和方便。)”可知，远程工作有更大的灵活性和效率，安全、高效和自动化，并且更加实用和方便。所以传统和符合人体工程学不是远程工作的特征。故选D。 （23-24高二上·云南昆明·期中）A new study shows that the household consumers (家庭消费者) are focusing more on reducing their energy costs by using technologically advanced home appliances. The lighting control held the largest share in the smart home market in 2016. The increase in the adoption (采用) rate of intelligent lighting controls by households worldwide has fuelled the growth of the smart home market. These have the ability to reduce electricity consumption because they adjust (调节) the artificial light according to the surroundings. Four years ago, I was in a discussion about Nest Thermostat (恒温器), sharing my view that if a house is built properly, it doesn't need a smart thermostat. It probably wouldn't do much good there because with careful placement of high-quality windows, you seldom need to heat or cool it at all. Since then, other studies have shown that in a leaky old house, smart thermostats can be very effective and save energy. But is smart lighting saving energy? A smart lighting system might turn off or adjust the brightness of a bulb (灯泡), but an LED bulb already uses very little electricity, say 7 watts per bulb. But when you make it smart, it is always connected, consuming a bit of power to talk to the controller or bridge; one guy with a meter tested it at 0.4 watts per hour, or 9.6 watts in a day. It means that if you have a pile of smart bulbs and devices, you are consuming a fair bit of electricity. Except for smart thermostats in leaky houses, none in the smart market saves energy. Asking Siri, voice control on any of Apple devices, to turn off the lights is fun, but we would be better off in terms of energy and exercise if we got up and reached for a light switch. Rather than saving energy, the smart home is wasting it. 1．What does the underlined word “fuelled” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Controlled. B．Promoted. C．Predicted. D．Detected. 2．What does the author think of smart thermostats? A．They are well-designed. B．They are energy-efficient. C．They are not very useful. D．They are not always automatic. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly want to tell us? A．LED bulbs are very bright. B．LED bulbs are of little value. C．Smart lighting has developed quickly. D．Smart lighting does little to save electricity. 4．What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph? A．To use Siri for fun. B．To improve smart lighting. C．To give up smart thermostats completely. D．To turn to the traditional way of turning off lights. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是议论文。作者探讨了智能家居系统的弊端，他认为其造成了能源浪费。 【详解】1. 词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文“A new study shows that the household consumers (家庭消费者) are focusing more on reducing their energy costs by using technologically advanced home appliances. The lighting control held the largest share in the smart home market in 2016. (一项新的研究表明，家庭消费者更加关注通过使用技术先进的家用电器来降低他们的能源成本。2016年，照明控制在智能家居市场中占据了最大的份额。)”和画线单词所在句子“The increase in the adoption (采用) rate of intelligent lighting controls by households worldwide has fuelled the growth of the smart home market. (全世界家庭采用智能照明控制的比例增加，推动了智能家居市场的增长。)”可知，人们越来越多地使用智能家居设备，而智能光控设备在2016年就占有了最大的市场份额，由此可推断，智能光控设备使用率的上涨很有可能“促进了”智能家居市场的发展。所以画线单词fuelled意为“促进”，故选B。 1. 推理判断题。由第二段中的“It probably wouldn't do much good there because with careful placement of high‑quality windows, you seldom need to heat or cool it at all (它可能不会有太多的好处，因为仔细安置高质量的窗户，你很少需要加热或冷却它在所有。)”可知，智能恒温器在建造质量好的房屋里的作用并不大，因为窗户设计得好，根本不需要给房屋制冷或供热。由此可知，作者认为智能恒温器并非任何时候都需要。故选C。 2. 推理判断题。由第三段中的“when you make it smart, it is always connected, consuming a bit of power to talk to the controller or bridge; one guy with a meter tested it at 0.4 watts per hour, or 9.6 watts in a day (当你使它智能化时，它总是连接在一起，与控制器或电桥通话需要消耗一点电力：一个拿着电表的人测试它的电量为每小时0.4瓦特，或者说一天9.6瓦特。)”可知，LED灯泡虽然省电，但其控制开关因一直连着电源仍然会耗电。由此可知，智能光控系统根本不省电。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Asking Siri, voice control on any of Apple devices, to turn off the lights is fun, but we would be better off in terms of energy and exercise if we got up and reached for a light switch. (要求Siri，任何苹果设备上的语音控制，关掉电灯是很有趣的，但是如果我们站起来伸手去拿电灯开关，我们在能量和运动方面会更好。)”可知，作者建议人们自己起身去关灯，而非依赖智能光控系统，一则省电，二则还可以锻炼。故选D。 （24-25高二上·云南曲靖·期中）The key to effective cross-cultural communication is knowledge. First, it is essential that people understand the potential problems of cross-cultural communication, and make a conscious effort to overcome these problems. Second, it is important to assume that one’s efforts will not always be successful, and adjust one’s behaviour appropriately. For example, one should always assume that there is a great possibility that cultural differences are causing communication problems. One should respond slowly and carefully in cross-cultural exchanges, not jumping to the conclusion that you know what is being thought and said. William Ury’s suggestion for heated conflicts is to stop, listen and think and he advises going to the balcony when the situation gets tense (紧张的). This helps in cross-cultural communication as well. When things seem to be going badly, stop or slow down and think. What could be going on here? Is it possible that I misinterpreted what they said? Active listening can sometimes be used to check this out — by repeating what one thinks he or she heard, one can confirm that he or she understands the communication accurately. Often intermediaries (调解人) can be helpful in cross-cultural communication situations. They can translate both the essential meaning and the manner of what is said. For example, they can tone down strong statements that would be considered appropriate in one culture but not in another, before they are given to people from a culture that does not talk together in such a strong way. They can also adjust the timing of what is said and done. Some cultures move quickly to the point; others talk about other things long enough to establish a relationship with the other person. If discussion on the primary topic begins too soon, the group that needs a “warm-up” first will feel uncomfortable. An intermediary who understands this can explain the problem, and make appropriate adjustments. 59．What is the most important thing in cross-cultural communication? A．Knowledge of your own culture. B．The ability to take in different opinions. C．Awareness of the problems that may arise. D．Successful efforts to change your behaviour. 60．Which character helps prevent communication problems? A．Patience. B．Honesty. C．Generosity. D．Stubbornness. 61．What does the underlined phrase “going to the balcony” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Going outside and enjoying fresh air. B．Dealing with the conflicts in a secret way. C．Exchanging positions with each other. D．Getting out of the situation temporarily. 62．What is the requirement for an intermediary? A．To be an experienced translator. B．To behave properly all through a discussion. C．To be directly involved in a discussion. D．To know both cultures very well. 【答案】59．C 60．A 61．D 62．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“有效跨文化交流的关键在于知识”这一主题展开，通过提出论点、列举论据和给出建议等方式，探讨了如何在跨文化交流中克服文化差异、提高交流效果的问题。 59．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The key to effective cross-cultural communication is knowledge. First, it is essential that people understand the potential problems of cross-cultural communication, and make a conscious effort to overcome these problems.(有效跨文化交流的关键在于知识。首先，人们必须了解跨文化交流可能遇到的问题，并有意识地努力克服这些问题。)”可知，对跨文化交流中可能出现的问题的意识是有效跨文化交流的基础和关键。故选C。 60．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“One should respond slowly and carefully in cross-cultural exchanges, not jumping to the conclusion that you know what is being thought and said.(在跨文化交流中，应该反应缓慢而谨慎，不要急于下结论，认为自己已经了解对方的想法和说法。)”可知，在跨文化交流中，耐心是一个重要的品质，它有助于避免因为误解或仓促下结论而导致的沟通问题。故选A。 61．词句猜测题。根据划线短语上下文以及所在句“William Ury’s suggestion for heated conflicts is to stop, listen and think and he advises going to the balcony when the situation gets tense (紧张的). This helps in cross-cultural communication as well. When things seem to be going badly, stop or slow down and think.(William Ury对于激烈冲突的建议是停下来、倾听和思考，他还建议在情况变得紧张时going to the balcony。这同样有助于跨文化交流。当事情似乎进展不顺时，停下来或放慢速度并思考。)”可推测，这里的“going to the balcony(去阳台)”是一个比喻，意在表达在冲突或紧张情况发生时，人们应该暂时从当前的情境中抽离出来，以便更好地冷静思考和处理问题。故选D。 62．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Often intermediaries (调解人) can be helpful in cross-cultural communication situations. They can translate both the essential meaning and the manner of what is said. For example, they can tone down strong statements that would be considered appropriate in one culture but not in another, before they are given to people from a culture that does not talk together in such a strong way. They can also adjust the timing of what is said and done.(在跨文化交流情境中，调解人往往能发挥很大作用。他们可以翻译所说内容的本质意义和说话方式。例如，在向那些不习惯直截了当表达方式的文化背景的人传达信息之前，调解人可以先缓和那些在一个文化中可能被视为恰当但在另一个文化中却不被接受的强烈说法。他们还可以调整所说和所做事情的时机。)”可知，调解人的主要作用是在两种文化之间架起沟通的桥梁，这要求他们不仅理解所说内容的本质意义，还要理解说话的方式，即要非常了解两种文化及其交流方式。故选D。 （23-24高二上·云南昆明·期中）Artificial intelligence, a key technology for driving digital transformation, is playing an increasingly vital role in accelerating China’s push for industrial upgrading and promoting the in-depth integration (融合) of the digital economy and real economy. Significant progress has been made in developing China’s AI industry, with technological innovation capabilities in some areas ranking among the best in the world, business leaders and experts said. A Stanford University report showed that China filed more than half of the world’s AI patent applications last year and the nation continued to lead the world in the number of AI journals, conference papers and related publications. The report said Chinese researchers have been the most productive in recent years, publishing 27.5% of all AI journal articles worldwide, while researchers from the United States accounted for 12%. Articles in Chinese journals also exceeded those of other nations for citations, an indicator of their scientific importance.100000 Chinese technology companies have invested heavily in research and development based on AI. In 2017, Baidu was chosen to lead the establishment of the Al national laboratory in deep learning. Self-driving technologies are important for this national research project. Robin Li, co-founder and CEO of Baidu, said the application of AI technology is reshaping the industry landscape and will be a transformative force revolutionizing development over the next 40 years. Tech heavyweight Tencent Holdings launched its AI Lab in April 2016. It emphasizes basic research in computer vision, speech recognition, natural language processing and machine learning. The tech firm works to put fundamental research to practical use, applying AI to its key businesses, including medicine, social interaction, online games and cloud computing. It also operates Youtu Lab, which has developed advanced technologies in facial and image recognition and voice identification. Xiang Ligang, director-general of a telecom industry association, spoke highly of the nation’s intensified efforts to develop digital technologies represented by AI, which will further reinforce China’s advantages in global supply chains, he said. 79．What is Paragraph 1 mainly about? A．It conveys China’s determination in AI study. B．It introduces the necessity of digital transformation. C．It reveals China’s ambition in promoting tech firms. D．It shows the critical role of AI in China’s development. 80．In which aspect does China top other nations? A．Industrial upgradation. B．Investment ratio. C．AI journal article publication. D．Technological management capability. 81．What does Xiang Ligang’s words suggest? A．China should stress more on AI patent applications. B．Emphasis on basic research in cloud computing is vital. C．It is important to accelerate the in-depth integration. D．China will benefit from developing digital technologies. 82．What is the business leaders’ attitude towards AI? A．Supportive. B．Negative. C．Neutral. D．Indifferent. 【答案】79．D 80．C 81．D 82．A 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能在中国发展中起着关键作用，且中国在AI期刊文章发表方面领先其他国家。同时中国科技公司在基于人工智能的研发方面投入了大量资金，中国将从发展数字技术中受益。 79．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Artificial intelligence, a key technology for driving digital transformation, is playing an increasingly vital role in accelerating China’s push for industrial upgrading and promoting the in-depth integration (融合) of the digital economy and real economy. Significant progress has been made in developing China’s Al industry, with technological innovation capabilities in some areas ranking among the best in the world, business leaders and experts said.(人工智能是推动数字化转型的关键技术，在加快中国推动产业升级、促进数字经济与实体经济深度融合方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。商界领袖和专家表示，中国人工智能产业的发展取得了重大进展，在一些领域的技术创新能力位居世界前列)”可知，第一段主要显示了人工智能在中国发展中的关键作用。故选D。 80．细节理解题。根据第二段“A Stanford University report showed that China filed more than half of the world’s AI patent applications last year and the nation continued to lead the world in the number of AI journals, conference papers and related publications.(斯坦福大学的一份报告显示，去年中国提交的人工智能专利申请占全球的一半以上，在人工智能期刊、会议论文和相关出版物的数量上，中国继续领先世界)”可知，中国在AI期刊文章发表方面领先其他国家。故选C。 81．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Xiang Ligang, director-general of a telecom industry association, spoke highly of the nation’s intensified efforts to develop digital technologies represented by AI, which will further reinforce China’s advantages in global supply chains, he said.(电信行业协会总干事项立刚高度评价了国家加大力度发展以人工智能为代表的数字技术，这将进一步加强中国在全球供应链中的优势，他说)”可推知，项立刚的话暗示了中国将从发展数字技术中受益。故选D。 82．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Robin Li, co-founder and CEO of Baidu, said the application of AI technology is reshaping the industry landscape and will be a transformative force revolutionizing development over the next 40 years.(百度联合创始人兼首席执行官李彦宏表示，人工智能技术的应用正在重塑行业格局，并将成为未来40年革命性发展的变革力量)”可推知，商界领袖对人工智能是支持态度。故选A。 主题02 人与自我 ——生活方式、心理状态、行为模式、创造力 （23-24高二上·云南昭通·期中）Oxford Dictionaries’ word of the year for 2022 was “goblin mode”: a kind of behavior mode, which means a crazy self-enjoyment, typically in a way that rejects social customs or regulations. If we all got fascinated by making our home comfort and beautiful, it feels like last year was the year we gave up: Welcoming the mess and the chaos in daily life. Orgamzed mess has been in fashion for a while, after the coming of the term “cluttercore”: the art of having masses of stuff in one’s home and embracing (拥抱) color and noise. Think messy maximalism: Chaos, but lovely designed chaos. Clean spaces don’t lead a man to innovation and creation. This is the reason why so many geniuses do their work in cluttered surroundings. They don’t see the mess — they see possibility. Ever known the type of person to store crayons in the microwave and books in the washing machine? That’s probably because they are more creative in disorder. Staying messy builds the connections which lead them to new and creative ideas. They believe that messes offer new approaches to seeing the world. So don’t get worried about being messy. That just might spark your next genius invention. Messy people have their own unique ways of keeping organized. You wouldn’t know from looking at their piles of stuff, but they know exactly what’s in them and how to find what they’re looking for every time. These piles are, in their eyes, well-organized and everything is easy to get. Painters, writers, musicians and creators throughout history have often worked in disorder. They have their unique way to place their objects and that is what they like. 1．What does the writer mean in the first paragraph? A．Ignoring social customs or regulations. B．Learning to enjoy life by oneself. C．Being positive to a life of mess and chaos. D．Introducing the word for 2022. 2．What do we know about “organized mess”? A．It is an art of mess lovely displayed. B．It is an art of placing everything in order. C．It comes before the word “cluttercore”. D．It is hated by geniuses. 3．What does the underlined word “possibility” refer to? A．The possibility of being a talent. B．The possibility of being a messy man. C．The possibility of getting inspiration. D．The possibility of being clean. 4．Why does the author mention the painters, writers, musicians and creators in the last paragraph? A．To prove that artists all love mess and chaos. B．To show they have a good memory. C．To present their messy side. D．To offer examples of messy people’s unique way of being organized. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了混乱美学这一概念，即一种接纳和拥抱混乱和无序的生活方式。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“If we all got fascinated by making our home comfort and beautiful, it feels like last year was the year we gave up: Welcoming the mess and the chaos in daily life.(如果我们都着迷于让我们的家舒适和美丽，那么去年似乎是我们放弃的一年：欢迎日常生活中的混乱和混乱。)”可知，作者在第一段希望我们能够积极面对混乱的生活。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Orgamzed mess has been in fashion for a while, after the coming of the term “cluttercore”: the art of having masses of stuff in one’s home and embracing (拥抱) color and noise. Think messy maximalism: Chaos, but lovely designed chaos.(在“杂乱核心”一词出现之后，“有组织的混乱”已经流行了一段时间：一种把一大堆东西放在家里，拥抱色彩和噪音的艺术。想想凌乱的极简主义：混乱，但可爱的设计的混乱。)可知，“有组织的混乱”指的是一种艺术，可以让家里的东西变得杂乱无章，但同时又很可爱。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章划线单词上一句“Clean spaces don’t lead a man to innovation and creation. This is the reason why so many geniuses do their work in cluttered surroundings.(干净的空间并不能引导人们进行创新和创造。这就是为什么那么多天才在杂乱的环境中工作的原因。)”可知，天才们所看到的可能性，就是有创造的可能，有从中获得灵感的可能。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Messy people have their own unique ways of keeping organized. You wouldn’t know from looking at their piles of stuff, but they know exactly what’s in them and how to find what they’re looking for every time. These piles are, in their eyes, well-organized and everything is easy to get. Painters, writers, musicians and creators throughout history have often worked in disorder. They have their unique way to place their objects and that is what they like.(邋遢的人有自己独特的保持整洁的方式。你看他们成堆的东西是看不出来的，但他们知道里面有什么，每次都知道如何找到他们要找的东西。在他们看来，这些东西很有条理，什么都很容易得到。纵观历史，画家、作家、音乐家和创作者经常在无序中工作。他们有自己独特的方式来放置他们的物品，这就是他们喜欢的。)”可知，作者在最后一段提到了画家、作家、音乐家和创造者是为了告诉我们这些混乱的人有一种独特的保持有序的方式。故选D。 （24-25高二上·云南昆明·期中）“Going for perfection is the tenet (信条) of my life.” Magee rushed home crying after seeing that she’d received an A-minus on her grade report. Growing up she had learned that the way to receive recognition and love from family members and teachers was to be a high achiever. So to Magee, that A-minus felt like a failure. “I was shattered,” she said. “In that moment, I felt like my self-worth as a human had fallen far below what it would have been if I’d gotten an A or an A-plus.” Magee’s turning a good grade into a cause of her inferiority (自卑) is an example of a growing trend in recent years: perfectionist behavior. Perfectionism is a universal cultural phenomenon. High levels of perfectionism were linked with depression, anxiety, and self-harm. The constant stress of competitiveness and comparison can also leave people stressed and suffering from headaches and other health problems. If a person is only rewarded for high achievement, over time they learn that their value as a person depends on being perfect. Instagram, Facebook and other social media platforms also encourage unhealthy comparisons. “It’s a real problem — those social media images end up being an standard that people can compare themselves to and a perfectionist is always trying to keep up with the Joneses,” Sherry, a clinical psychologist, said. And it’s never been harder to keep up with the Joneses, because today we are constantly bombed with seemingly perfect images of other peoples’ lives. Eventually Magee learned that she had to let go a little and allow herself to show up with all her imperfections. She eventually learned to trust that she could show up, not being perfect, and still feel valued. “I can be imperfect and everything can be fine!” 5．Which of the following best explains “shattered” underlined in paragraph 1? A．Delighted. B．Frightened. C．Discouraged. D．Amused. 6．Which of the following is NOT the cause of Magee’s interiority? A．The unhealthy comparisons. B．The A-plus grade. C．The perfectionism phenomenon. D．The sense of competitiveness. 7．What may Magee agree with finally? A．It’s cool to be perfect. B．It’s fine to be imperfect. C．It’s important to get an A-plus. D．It’s easy to keep up with the Joneses. 8．What is the text mainly about? A．Perfectionism is killing our mental health. B．Perfectionism is a growing cultural phenomenon. C．Accepting one’s imperfection is becoming a trend. D．Imperfection is temporary and perfection is forever. 【答案】5．C 6．B 7．B 8．A 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章探讨了完美主义对个人心理健康的影响，以及社会和文化如何推动这种趋势，最终强调接受不完美的重要性。 5．词句猜测题。根据第一段“In that moment, I felt like my self-worth as a human had fallen far below what it would have been if I’d gotten an A or an A-plus. (在那一刻，我感觉自己的个人价值远远低于如果我得到A或A+时本该有的价值。)”可知，“shattered”描述了Magee在看到成绩单上不是A或A+的成绩后的感受，这个词意味着她感到非常失望和沮丧。故选C项。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段“Perfectionism is a universal cultural phenomenon. High levels of perfectionism were linked with depression, anxiety, and self-harm. The constant stress of competitiveness and comparison can also leave people stressed and suffering from headaches and other health problems. (完美主义是一种普遍的文化现象。高水平的完美主义与抑郁、焦虑和自我伤害有关。持续的竞争和比较压力也会使人感到压力重重，并遭受头痛和其他健康问题的困扰。)”可知，这一段提到了导致Magee内心挣扎的几个因素，包括不健康的比较、完美主义现象和竞争感。B选项“B. The A-plus grade”并未被列为导致她内心挣扎的原因，而是她期望达到的标准之一。故选B项。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“She eventually learned to trust that she could show up, not being perfect, and still feel valued. “I can be imperfect and everything can be fine!” (她最终学会了相信，即使不完美，她也可以展现自己，并感到自己有价值。“我可以不完美，而且一切都会很好！”)”可知，Magee最终接受了不完美是可以的。故选B项。 8．主旨大意题。根据第一段““Going for perfection is the tenet (信条) of my life.” Magee rushed home crying after seeing that she’d received an A-minus on her grade report. Growing up she had learned that the way to receive recognition and love from family members and teachers was to be a high achiever. So to Magee, that A-minus felt like a failure. “I was shattered ,” she said. “In that moment, I felt like my self-worth as a human had fallen far below what it would have been if I’d gotten an A or an A-plus.” (“追求完美是我人生的信条。”Magee在看到成绩单上得了A-后，哭着跑回了家。从小到大，她已经明白，要想获得家人和老师的认可和爱，就必须成为一个有成就的人。所以对Magee来说，A-就像是一次失败。“我崩溃了，”她说。“在那一刻，我觉得我作为一个人的自我价值远远低于如果我得了A或A+所能达到的水平。”)”及全文可知，文章讨论了完美主义如何影响人们的心理健康，以及社会和文化如何加剧这一问题。文章的主要观点是完美主义正在损害我们的心理健康。故选A项。 （24-25高二上·云南大理·期中）Our family has no connection to French-speaking countries, yet my father decided to start learning French when he was 57. Before long, he was visiting the French bakery across town to practice his pronunciation (and buy macarons). His motivation ran deeper than a passion for pastries---my grandmother developed signs of Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默症) disease in her early 70s, and studies suggest that being bilingual can delay the onset of the condition by up to five years. Drawn by that potential benefit, many people, like my father, have attempted to pick up a new language in adulthood. According to a survey conducted by the language learning app Memrise, 57 percent of users reported “boost brain health” as a motivation for using the program. But is that really possible? Lots of activities are linked to better brain health in old age, like getting more education when you’re younger, physical activity and cognitively stimulating hobbies. Experts say regularly speaking multiple languages may be especially beneficial, though. “We use language in all aspects of daily life, so a bilingual brain is constantly working,” said Mark Antoniou, an associate professor at Western Sydney University in Australia who specializes in bilingualism. “You don’t really get that from other enriching experiences, like playing a musical instrument.” The age at which you learn another language appears to be less important than how often you speak it, said Caitlin Ware, a research engineer at Broca Hospital in Paris who studies bilingualism and brain health. “The cognitive (认知的) benefit is from having to inhibit (抑制) your mother tongue,” she said, which your brain is forced to do if you’re trying to recall the right words in another language. “So if the second language is used a lot, you’re getting that cognitive training.” That process—called cognitive inhibition—is linked to better executive functioning. In theory, by improving these types of processes, the brain becomes better adapted to the damage caused by diseases like dementia—a concept known as cognitive reserve. The stronger your mental faculties, the thinking goes, the longer you can function normally, even if your brain health starts to decline as you are getting old. 55．Why did the author’s father study French? A．Macarons in the French bakery are yummy. B．He has relatives in French-speaking countries. C．He wished to maintain his brain health longer. D．Memrise talked him into learning a second language. 56．What seems to be the advantage of regularly speaking multiple languages to brain health? A．Brain gets regular training. B．Brain has sufficient rest. C．Brain takes in more oxygen. D．Brian gets enriching resources. 57．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Dementia is unavoidable. B．Language can cure dementia. C．Learning is a lifelong journey. D．Lack of physical faculties leads to dementia. 58．What is the author’s attitude toward his father’s French learning? A．Negative. B．Doubtful. C．Indifferent. D．Positive. 【答案】55．C 56．A 57．C 58．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究者认为学习使用多种语言可给予大脑更多锻炼，延缓罹患老年痴呆时间。 55．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“His motivation ran deeper than a passion for pastries---my grandmother developed signs of Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默症) disease in her early 70s, and studies suggest that being bilingual can delay the onset of the condition by up to five years.(他的动机不仅仅是对糕点的热爱——我的奶奶在70岁出头时出现了阿尔茨海默病的迹象，研究表明，会说两种语言可以将这种疾病的发病推迟至多五年。)”可知，作者的父亲学习法语是希望他的大脑能保持健康。故选C。 56．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“So if the second language is used a lot, you’re getting that cognitive training.(所以如果经常使用第二语言，你就得到了认知训练。)”可知，经常说多种语言对大脑健康的好处是大脑得到定期训练。故选A。 57．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In theory, by improving these types of processes, the brain becomes better adapted to the damage caused by diseases like dementia—a concept known as cognitive reserve. The stronger your mental faculties, the thinking goes, the longer you can function normally, even if your brain health starts to decline as you are getting old.(从理论上讲，通过改善这些类型的过程，大脑可以更好地适应痴呆症等疾病造成的损害——这是一个被称为认知储备的概念。这种想法认为，你的心智能力越强，你能正常工作的时间就越长，即使你的大脑健康随着年龄的增长而开始衰退。)”可知，学习是一生的旅程。故选C。 58．推理判断题。根据第一段“His motivation ran deeper than a passion for pastries---my grandmother developed signs of Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默症) disease in her early 70s, and studies suggest that being bilingual can delay the onset of the condition by up to five years.(他的动机不仅仅是对糕点的热爱——我的奶奶在70岁出头时出现了阿尔茨海默病的迹象，研究表明，会说两种语言可以将这种疾病的发病推迟至多五年。)”根据文章第二段“Drawn by that potential benefit, many people, like my father, have attempted to pick up a new language in adulthood.（受到这种潜在好处的吸引，许多人，包括我的父亲，都尝试在成年后学习一门新语言）”可知，学习语言可帮助中老年人延缓罹患痴呆的年龄，作者对于父亲学习法语是支持的。故选D。 主题03 人与自然 —— 环境保护、生物多样性、塑料污染、动物保护 （24-25高二上·云南昭通·期中）The dangers of excessive plastic — from harming wildlife to worsening climate change — are serious. Some 8 million metric tons of plastic end up in the ocean each year. At the current pace, the seas may have more plastic than fish by the middle of the century. We are facing severe challenges. Consumers buy a million plastic drinking bottles a minute and use trillions of plastic bags every year. Companies and governments have promised to cut back and reuse more, but even if those targets were met, they’d only reduce the plastic flowing into the ocean by 7% by 2040. Plastic also has a bad effect on the climate. By poisoning crucial wildlife, it’s inhibiting (抑制) the ocean’s ability to act as a natural carbon sink. Demand for plastic drives significant use of oil, natural gas and coal, which threatens efforts to prevent global temperatures from rising by more than 1. 5 degrees. There are many measures that can be taken. First, it’s important to recognize that this is a global problem that requires a global solution. The UN process is off to a promising start: Nearly 200 countries agreed yesterday to work toward a treaty eventually banning plastic pollution. One reasonable aim for the process would be to phase out the harmful single-use kind in the years ahead. This is no small challenge, given how widely such material is used and how critical it is in emerging markets. The good news is that consumer-facing companies are already moving in the right direction, providing increased transparency on plastic consumption. Companies like Bacardi Ltd. — which is experimenting with a new type of plastic bottle that can decompose in a matter of months, under the right conditions — deserve credit for bringing innovation to bear on the problem. The plastic emergency has been building for years. Unfortunately, the world doesn’t have the luxury of time in trying to resolve it. The sooner these efforts start, the better. 1．What is the negative effect of plastic on the climate mentioned in the passage? A．It weakens the ocean’s ability as a carbon sink. B．It directly increases global temperatures. C．It leads to the extinction of ocean wildlife, D．It consumes a large amount of renewable energy. 2．What can we infer from paragraph 3? A．The UN process to address plastic pollution has already achieved great success. B．Emerging markets are not affected by the crisis of plastic pollution. C．Global cooperation is essential to deal with the plastic pollution. D．The harmful single-use plastics are completely banned. 3．What measure does the author suggest to address plastic pollution? A．Leading a more plastic-free life. B．Having innovations about a new type of plastic bottle. C．Making stricter rules on stopping single-use plastic. D．Making joint efforts between countries and companies. 4．What is author’s attitude towards the plastic pollution? A．Promising. B．Urgent. C．Skeptical. D．Unconcerned. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕塑料污染问题展开，阐述了塑料污染的严重性，包括对野生动物和气候的危害、塑料流入海洋的情况等，介绍了应对塑料污染的措施，以及如全球合作、企业创新。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Plastic also has a bad effect on the climate. By poisoning crucial wildlife, it’s inhibiting (抑制) the ocean’s ability to act as a natural carbon sink. (塑料对气候也有不良影响。通过毒害关键的野生动物，它抑制了海洋作为天然碳汇的能力。)”可知，塑料对气候的负面影响是削弱了海洋作为天然碳汇的能力，故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The UN process is off to a promising start: Nearly 200 countries agreed yesterday to work toward a treaty eventually banning plastic pollution. (联合国的进程有了一个充满希望的开端：近200 个国家昨天同意努力达成一项最终禁止塑料污染的条约。)”及“This is no small challenge, given how widely such material is used and how critical it is in emerging markets. (鉴于这种材料的使用如此广泛，以及它在新兴市场中的关键地位，这可不是一个小挑战。)”可知，应对塑料污染需要全球合作，故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“One reasonable aim for the process would be to phase out the harmful single-use kind in the years ahead. (该过程的一个合理目标是在未来几年逐步淘汰有害的一次性使用类型。)”可知，作者建议制定更严格的规定逐步淘汰有害的一次性塑料，故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The plastic emergency has been building for years. Unfortunately, the world doesn’t have the luxury of time in trying to resolve it. The sooner these efforts start, the better. (塑料污染问题已经持续多年。不幸的是，世界没有投入足够的时间来解决这个问题。这些努力越早开始越好。)”可以看出作者认为塑料污染问题度是紧迫、急需解决的，故选B项。 （23-24高二上·云南昭通·期中）Why do we find ugly-cute animals so attractive? And what makes odd-looking creatures so cute? Evolution (进化) plays a role. According to Austrian zoologist Erin Fekete, human attraction to childish features, such as big eyes, large heads and soft bodies, is an evolutionary adaptation that helps ensure that adults care for the young, assuring the survival of their species. Odd-looking animals such as blobfish, pugs, aye-ayes and bulldogs all share these childish qualities that cause a loving response among humans and a nature to raise and protect. And these childish characteristics increase a person’s “protective behavior, attention and willingness” to care for the individual and reduce the “possibility of aggression towards a child”, says Cyril Drouet, a researcher. Ugly-cute animals often have other value— some, like the blobfish, live in extreme environments that they have adapted to in remarkable ways. Scientists are keen to study these animals to understand whether their biology might provide fresh ideas that could lead to treatments for human health conditions such as cancer and heart disease. But while many ugly creatures are strongly adapted to their life in the wild and can provide numerous benefits to the ecosystems they live in, they often still don’t get as much attention as more traditionally cute and beautiful animals, which leads to many of the ugly-cute species being ignored in terms of research. There are other culture-led factors that also cause our attraction for ugly-cute animals. “The ugly-cute thing is very fashionable.” says Rowena Packer, a lecturer of animal behavior. “This is partly caused by social media, with many social media influencers showing off pet pugs and French bulldogs on Instagram.” she says. But there are some serious worries around this trend. Veterinarians (兽医) are calling on people not to keep a flat-faced dog, because they suffer from serious health problems. Pugs and French bulldogs which have been selectively kept experience breathing difficulties, repeated skin problems and eye diseases. So while childish features such as big eyes may make us smile, we might want to reconsider our attraction for “ugly-cute” pets. 1．What does the underlined word “aggression” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Threatening behavior. B．Strange behavior. C．Friendly behavior. D．Smart behavior. 2．Why are some ugly animals overlooked in terms of research? A．They are of no interest to scientists. B．They are less cute and attractive. C．They do not have unique biological feature. D．They are not well-adapted to their environments. 3．What can be inferred about the role of social media in promoting the popularity of ugly-cute animals? A．Influencers have started a campaign to raise awareness about ugly animals. B．People prefer to post pictures of ugly animals on social media rather than cute animals. C．Social media didn’t make it easier to spread information about animals. D．The ugly-cute animals shared on social media could raise people’s attraction for them. 4．How does the author feel about the current trend of keeping flat-faced dogs? A．Encouraging. B．Indifferent. C．Concerned. D．Excited. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了我们觉得又丑又可爱的动物如此有吸引力的原因以及又丑又可爱的动物的其他价值。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“these childish characteristics increase a person’s “protective behavior, attention and willingness” to care for the individual”可知，这些孩子气的特征增加了一个人“保护他人的行为、注意力和意愿”，从而减少了“攻击孩子的威胁性行为”。故划线词意思是“威胁性的行为”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“But while many ugly creatures are strongly adapted to their life in the wild and can provide numerous benefits to the ecosystems they live in, they often still don’t get as much attention as more traditionally cute and beautiful animals, which leads to many of the ugly-cute species being ignored in terms of research.(但是，尽管许多丑陋的生物强烈地适应了它们在野外的生活，并且可以为它们所生活的生态系统提供许多好处，但它们通常仍然没有像传统的可爱和美丽的动物那样受到那么多的关注，这导致许多丑陋的物种在研究方面被忽视了)”可知，一些丑陋的动物在研究中被忽视了因为它们不那么可爱和吸引人。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The ugly-cute thing is very fashionable.(这种又丑又可爱的东西很流行)”以及“This is partly caused by social media, with many social media influencers showing off pet pugs and French bulldogs on Instagram.(这在一定程度上是由社交媒体造成的，许多社交媒体上有影响力的人在Instagram上展示宠物哈巴狗和法国斗牛犬)”可推知，人们更喜欢在社交媒体上发布丑陋动物的照片，而不是可爱动物的照片。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But there are some serious worries around this trend. Veterinarians (兽医) are calling on people not to keep a flat-faced dog, because they suffer from serious health problems.(但围绕这一趋势也存在一些严重的担忧。兽医们呼吁人们不要养扁脸狗，因为它们有严重的健康问题。)”可推知，作者对目前养平脸狗的趋势持担忧态度。故选C。 （24-25高二上·云南·期中）Plastic pollution has become a major concern for our planet. Even when plastics break down, tiny bits of them still end up polluting the air, oceans, food chain, and even human bloodstreams. However, a groundbreaking discovery by researchers may offer a glimmer of hope in alleviating this global issue. At the forefront of this innovation stands Michael Burkart, a chemical biologist at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), and co-founder of Algenesis Materials, a company devoted to developing novel plastic materials. Burkart remarks, “We’re essentially conducting a vast experiment to understand the possible effects of microplastics and nanoplastics on our well-being.” Historically, most plastics have been made from crude oil, a non-renewable fossil fuel. In contrast, four years ago, Burkart’s team at UCSD revolutionized the field by introducing a new type of plastic: polyurethane (聚氨酯), crafted from building blocks (建筑积木) naturally produced by algae (海藻). This essential shift signifies a move towards eco-friendlier alternatives. The researchers supposed that since various microbes are capable of breaking down plants and algae. they might exhibit similar efficiency in degrading (分解) this novel polyurethane plastic. To test that, Burkart’s team broke their new plastic into tiny particles. They did the same with a different type of plastic made from fossil fuels, which is known as ethyl vinyl acetate, or EVA．After 90 days, 68 percent of the new plastic had broken down. That number climbed to 97 percent after about seven months. In contrast, the researchers saw no EVA breakdown throughout that time. Burkart emphasizes, “My aspiration is to ins till hope in people that solutions to the microplastics crisis do exist. Having something that can readily be broken down by bacteria,” she says, “is better than having persistent plastic in the environment.” 63．What is the new type of plastic developed by Burkart’s team, made from? A．Crude oil. B．Ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA). C．Building blocks produced by algae. D．Nanoparticles from recycled plastics. 64．What was the main goal of Burkart’s team’s experiment? A．To extend the working life of plastics. B．To assess the biodegradability of the new plastic. C．To study the effects of algae on different types of bacteria. D．To compare the cost between the new and traditional plastics. 65．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage: A．Microplastics can pollute the air, oceans, and food chain. B．The new plastic material can be mostly degraded by microbes. C．The researchers have already solved the problem of plastic pollution. D．Ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) failed to break down throughout the experiment. 66．What is the main idea of this passage? A．The decline of fossil fuel resources. B．The overuse of algae in plastic production. C．The impact of microplastics on human health. D．The potential approach of tackling plastic pollution. 【答案】63．C 64．B 65．C 66．D 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了塑料污染问题以及加州大学圣地亚哥分校的研究人员在这一领域的一项突破性发现——利用海藻自然产生的构建块制成的新型聚氨酯塑料，这种塑料能够被微生物高效分解，为解决塑料污染问题提供了新的希望。 63．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In contrast, four years ago, Burkart’s team at UCSD revolutionized the field by introducing a new type of plastic: polyurethane (聚氨酯), crafted from building blocks (建筑积木) naturally produced by algae (海藻). This essential shift signifies a move towards eco-friendlier alternatives. (相比之下，四年前，Burkart在UCSD的团队通过引入一种新型塑料——由海藻自然产生的构建块制成的聚氨酯，彻底改变了这一领域。这一重要转变标志着向更环保的替代品迈进了一步。)”可知，Burkart的团队开发的新型塑料是由海藻产生的构建块制成的。故选C。 64．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The researchers supposed that since various microbes are capable of breaking down plants and algae. they might exhibit similar efficiency in degrading (分解) this novel polyurethane plastic. To test that, Burkart’s team broke their new plastic into tiny particles. (研究人员推测，由于各种微生物能够分解植物和海藻，它们可能同样能够高效地分解这种新型聚氨酯塑料。为了验证这一点，Burkart的团队将这种新型塑料分解成微小的颗粒。)”可知，Burkart团队实验的主要目标是评估新型塑料的生物降解性。故选B。 65．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Burkart emphasizes, “My aspiration is to ins till hope in people that solutions to the microplastics crisis do exist. Having something that can readily be broken down by bacteria,” she says, “is better than having persistent plastic in the environment.” (Burkart强调说：“我的愿望是让人们相信，解决微塑料危机的方案确实存在。有一种能被细菌轻易分解的物质，总比让塑料在环境中持续存在要好。”)”可知，研究人员只是提出了解决微塑料危机的方案，但并未说已经解决了塑料污染问题。由此可知，选项C“The researchers have already solved the problem of plastic pollution. (研究人员已经解决了塑料污染问题。)”的表述是不正确的。故选C。 66．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章第一段介绍了塑料污染问题，第二段提到加州大学圣地亚哥分校的研究人员发现了一种新型塑料，第三段和第四段详细描述了研究人员如何发现这种新型塑料可以被微生物高效分解，最后一段提到研究人员相信存在解决塑料污染问题的方案。由此可知，文章主要介绍了加州大学圣地亚哥分校的研究人员发现的一种新型塑料，这种塑料可以被微生物高效分解，为解决塑料污染问题提供了新的希望，即文章主要讲述了解决塑料污染问题的潜在方法。故选D。 （23-24高二上·云南昆明·期中）Taking an “eco-break” was once almost the same as a weekend’s hedge-laying or a summer spent conserving wildlife. Here is how things have changed: being a green traveler today is no longer restricted to one-off gestures but, rather, it’s a state of mind. Influences include, but are not limited to what we pack, how we reach our destination, where we stay and what activities we take part in. Such change has come about thanks to both a growing understanding of climate change and the pioneering efforts of some travel operators to show the joy of going green. Luxury camping specialists Feather Down Farms and Forest, for example, led the glamping (豪华野营) revolution. Digital platforms such as Under the Thatch and Canopy & Stars have made booking low-impact rural accommodations easier. Adventure operators such as TYF, Intrepid and Much Better Adventures set the agenda for sustainable outdoor relaxation. But the increased appetite for travel and the trend for replacing annual trips with multiple shorter breaks has seen a rise in carbon-intensive air travel. Meanwhile, key overland routes have been discontinued (such as ferry services to Scandinavia and overnight “train hotels” through France and Spain), and cuts in local transport services have severely impacted car-free access to rural areas. Dishonest and immoral businesses have also jumped on the “eco” travel wave, muddying the waters. There are, however, signs we’re entering a golden age of green travel. Richard Hammond, founder of the Green Traveler website, shares over 20 years’ worth of expertise in his new guidebook outlying methods to explore the world sustainably. Many travel companies are also starting to provide tools to help travelers tell the genuinely green from greenwashing operations (Booking. com and Google, for instance, are working with not-for-profit Travalyst to flag up officially-approved and eco-certified hotels in their search results) while the upcoming national rollout (推广) of electric car charging, the modernization of cross-channel ferry services and the return of rail means choosing lower-carbon overland travel is becoming practical and more appealing. 67．How have things changed for being green now? A．Each stop on a route is planned with care. B．Many aspects of our travels are influenced. C．Wildlife preservation is not as essential as before. D．The health conditions of tourists are considered. 68．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning some travel operators? A．To compare their jobs in different fields. B．To offer the readers select recommendations. C．To impress the readers with outdoor activities. D．To show their joint contributions to green travel. 69．What does the underlined word “greenwashing” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Eco-unfriendly. B．Illegal. C．Disorderly. D．Evergreen. 70．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Going Green B．Costing the Earth Less C．Experiencing Rural Lifestyles D．Adventuring Into the Golden Age 【答案】67．B 68．D 69．A 70．A 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是绿色旅行兴起的原因和遇到的问题。 67．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Here is how things have changed: being a green traveler today is no longer restricted to one-off gestures but, rather, it’s a state of mind. Influences include, but are not limited to what we pack, how we reach our destination, where we stay and what activities we take part in. (如今的情况已经发生了变化：现在环保成为一名绿色旅行者不再局限于一次性的姿态，而是一种心态。影响包括但不限于我们的行李，我们如何到达目的地，我们住在哪里以及我们参加什么活动。)”可知，现在环保的变化在于我们旅行的许多方面都受到了影响。故选B。 68．推理判断题。根据第二段的“the pioneering efforts of some travel operators to show the joy of going green (一些旅游经营者为展示绿色出行的乐趣所做的开创性努力)”和“Luxury camping specialists Feather Down Farms and Forest, for example, led the glamping (豪华野营) revolution. Digital platforms such as Under the Thatch and Canopy & Stars have made booking low-impact rural accommodations easier. Adventure operators such as TYF, Intrepid and Much Better Adventures set the agenda for sustainable outdoor relaxation. (豪华露营专家Feather Down Farms and Forest引领了豪华露营革命。像Under the Thatch和Canopy & Stars这样的数字平台使得预订低影响的乡村住宿变得更加容易。TYF、Intrepid和Better Adventures等探险运营商为可持续的户外休闲活动制定了议程。)”可知，作者提到一些旅游经营者的目的是展示他们对绿色出行的共同贡献。故选D。 69．词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“help travelers tell the genuinely green from (帮助旅行者区分真正的环保和)”和“Booking. com and Google, for instance, are working with not-for-profit Travalyst to flag up officially-approved and eco-certified hotels in their search results (例如，Booking.com和谷歌正与非营利组织Travalyst合作，在搜索结果中标注官方认可和生态认证的酒店)”可知，许多旅游公司也开始提供工具，帮助旅行者区分真正的绿色和漂绿操作，也就是区分真正的环保和不环保，因此划线词greenwashing的意思是“对生态不友好”，和eco-unfriendly意思相近，故选A。 70．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Taking an “eco-break” was once almost the same as a weekend’s hedge-laying or a summer spent conserving wildlife. Here is how things have changed: being a green traveler today is no longer restricted to one-off gestures but, rather, it’s a state of mind. (一度，“生态休息”几乎等同于周末铺树篱或夏天保护野生动物。如今的情况已经发生了变化：成为一名绿色旅行者不再局限于一次性的姿态，而是一种心态。)”，第二段“Such change has come about thanks to both a growing understanding of climate change and the pioneering efforts of some travel operators to show the joy of going green. (这种变化的出现，一方面得益于人们对气候变化的认识日益加深，另一方面得益于一些旅游经营者为展示绿色出行的乐趣所做的开创性努力。)”和第三段的“Dishonest and immoral businesses have also jumped on the “eco” travel wave, muddying the waters. (不诚实和不道德的企业也跳上了“生态”旅游的浪潮，把水搅浑了。)”可知，本文主要讲的是绿色旅行兴起的原因和遇到的问题，因此最好的标题是A选项“Going Green (走向绿色)”。故选A。 （23-24高二上·云南昆明·月考）The human race shares this planet with millions of other species and forms of life. In recognizing that, it is always important to remember that our rapid rise of the urban civilization(城市文明) has unavoidably impacted the planet and life on it. In the long run, however, the civilization risks destroying well balanced ecosystems, which could potentially have serious results for humanity itself. As such,we must eventually find a balance between development and nature which can maintain the ecology, beauty and harmony(和谐) of the earth. The word “harmony” is an important concept in China. Chinese society and culture are built on the idea that relationships between people should be harmonious, which means avoiding conflict, highlighting a common good and balancing uncontrollable desires with the needs of society as a whole. However, this idea does not just apply to people, it also applies to our relationships with the world and nature. Never has this been more meaningful than the view of how China handles its rapid development, which has lastingly changed the country’s landscape and created new challenges regarding nature and the environment. Actually, over the past few years China has been working hard to protect biodiversity and has drawn “red lines” for ecological protection, established a national park system, and undertaken major projects for biodiversity protection. One example of China’s success in this area is in its reversing(逆转) of the decrease of its giant panda population to the point that it is no longer endangered. This effort included creating a giant panda national park in 2016 and doubling the number of births. Pandas have become “a global symbol of conservation success”—something in which China has played a key part. Likewise, China is also taking its efforts overseas. It recently announced a $232 million fund to promote biodiversity protection in developing countries. The effort is a part of its “community of shared future for mankind”, meaning that we share one world, one planet and one future, and so we human beings must work together. Now it is the time to act. 1．Which potential risk along with the urban civilization is mentioned? A．Loss of the natural scenery. B．Breaking the ecosystem balance. C．The disappearance of all species. D．Ruining our human health. 2．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．The word “harmony” refers to good interpersonal relationship. B．Human’s uncontrolled desires aren’t connected with harmony. C．Keeping in harmony makes a difference to China’s development. D．Balancing development and nature isn’t complicated as imagined. 3．What does the author want to tell us by the example of pandas? A．China has completed the task of protecting biodiversity. B．China has made some achievements of protecting biodiversity. C．The population of giant panda is gradually decreasing recently. D．Pandas have become the most successful representative of China。 4．Which of the following can best describe China’s role in protecting biodiversity? A．Fundamental. B．Unique. C．Indirect. D．Mysterious. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【难度】0.4 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了人类与数百万其他物种和生命形式共享这个星球。在认识到这一点时，重要的是要记住，我们城市文明的迅速崛起不可避免地影响了地球和地球上的生活。作者指出我们必须最终在发展和自然之间找到一个平衡，以保持地球的生态、美丽和和谐，同时说明了中国在人与人之间关系的建立所坚持的理念以及保护生物多样性所付出的努力。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In the long run, however, the civilization risks destroying well balanced ecosystems, which could potentially have serious results for humanity itself. As such we must eventually find a balance between development and nature which can maintain the ecology, beauty and harmony of the earth.(然而，从长远来看，这个文明有破坏非常平衡的生态系统的风险，这可能会给人类自身带来严重后果。因此，我们必须最终在发展和自然之间找到一个平衡，以保持地球的生态、美丽和和谐)”可知，城市文明的潜在风险是破坏生态平衡。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The word “harmony” is an important concept in China. Chinese society and culture are built on the idea that relationships between people should be harmonious, which means avoiding conflict, highlighting a common good and balancing uncontrollable desires with the needs of society as a whole. However, this idea does not just apply to people, it also applies to our relationships with the world and nature. Never has this been more meaningful than the view of how China handles its rapid development, which has lastingly changed the country's landscape and created new challenges regarding nature and the environment. (“和谐”一词在中国是一个重要的概念。中国的社会和文化是建立在人与人之间的关系应该是和谐的理念上的，这意味着避免冲突，强调共同的利益，平衡不可控制的欲望和整个社会的需求。然而，这一理念并不仅仅适用于人类，它也适用于我们与世界和自然的关系。中国的快速发展改变了中国的面貌，也给自然和环境带来了新的挑战)”可知，第三段主要讲述保持和谐对中国的发展至关重要。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Actually, over the past few years China has been working hard to protect biodiversity and has drawn “red lines” for ecological protection, established a national park system, and undertaken major projects for biodiversity protection.(事实上，在过去的几年里，中国一直在努力保护生物多样性，划定了生态保护的“红线”。建立国家生物多样性保护体系，实施生物多样性保护重大项目)”以及倒数第二段中“One example of China’s success in this area is in its reversing(逆转)of the decrease of its giant panda population to the point that it is no longer endangered. (中国在这一领域取得成功的一个例子是，它扭转了大熊猫数量下降的趋势，使其不再是濒危物种)”可推知，作者通过熊猫这个例子想告诉我们中国在生物多样性保护方面取得了一些成就。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Pandas have become “a global symbol of conservation success”—something in which China has played a key part.(大熊猫已经成为“保护成功的全球象征”，而中国在这方面发挥了关键作用)”以及最后一段“Likewise, China is also taking its efforts overseas. It recently announced a $232 million fund to promote biodiversity protection in developing countries. The effort is a part of its “community of shared future for mankind”, meaning that we share one world, one planet and one future, and so we human beings must work together. Now it is the time to act. (同样，中国也在向海外拓展。它最近宣布了一项2.32亿美元的基金，以促进发展中国家的生物多样性保护。这是“人类命运共同体”的组成部分，即同一个世界、同一个星球、同一个未来，人类必须携手合作。现在是行动的时候了)”可推知，中国在保护生物多样性方面发挥着重要作用。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 阅读理解（议论文） 以下汇编的阅读理解D篇按三大主题分类排列： 主题01 人与社会 ——科技创新、企业发展、跨文化沟通、社会趋势 1.分析英伟达在人工智能领域的市场地位、技术优势及面临的竞争 难度：0.65 2.分析远程办公的工具、便利性、健康影响及人际距离问题 难度：0.65 3.质疑智能照明和温控系统的实际节能效果，指出其潜在能源浪费 难度：0.65 4.探讨跨文化沟通中的知识、耐心与调解机制 难度：0.65 5.AI技术推动产业升级、数字经济与实体经济的融合 难度：0.65 主题02 人与自我 ——生活方式、心理状态、行为模式、创造力 1.探讨混乱环境如何激发创造力，介绍“cluttercore”生活方式 难度：0.65 2.探讨完美主义如何导致自我价值感下降，以及接受不完美的重要性 难度：0.65 3.双语能力可延缓认知衰退，提升大脑健康 难度：0.65 主题03 人与自然 —— 环境保护、生物多样性、塑料污染、动物保护 1.分析塑料对海洋、气候和野生动物的影响，呼吁全球合作与创新 难度：0.65 2.探讨人类对“丑萌”动物的情感反应及其背后的进化、文化和伦理问题 难度：0.65 3.介绍新型生物塑料的研发及其对缓解塑料污染的意义 难度：0.65 4.探讨环保旅行方式的发展、虚假环保宣传及可持续出行趋势 难度：0.65 5.介绍中国在生态保护、国家公园建设和大熊猫保护等方面的努力与成就 难度：0.4 主题01 人与社会 ——科技创新、企业发展、远程办公、社会趋势 （24-25高二上·云南玉溪·期中）Waves of innovation often create giants. Artificial intelligence (AI) may well be the next big technological shift, transforming the way of businesses. Firms selling the software and hardware that support AI will gain a lot of profit. But none is better positioned than Nvidia, an American firm that makes specialist AI chips. Its market value briefly passed $1,000 billion this week. Will Nvidia always be a tech-giant in this field? The hype (炒作) around AI makes the question hard to answer. Excitement about Nvidia began to mount in November, after the release of ChatGPT, an AI-powered chatbot. Since then many kinds of firms have launched AI products. Nvidia is in an enviable (令人羡慕的) position. Its core business is designing high-performance chips. At first it sold these to video-game lovers. The chips were also highly efficient at training AI models, and a new, booming market emerged. Nvidia also had the forethought to invest in two areas that helped strengthen its dominance (支配地位). One is advanced networking. Because training AI models requires vast amounts of processing power, many chips — sometimes thousands — are used at the same time. These chips exchange data along a high-performance, AI-tailored network. Nvidia’s other strength is its software. CUDA, its AI platform, is popular with programmers and runs only on the company’s chips. For instance, by giving free access to its chips and software to some AI researchers, the firm focused on encouraging developers to use its software long before its competitors set out to woo them. Despite all these advantages, however, Nvidia’s lasting dominance is not assured. New companies and big chipmakers want a share of Nvidia’s network and chip businesses. The biggest challenge, though, may come from Nvidia’s own customers. The cloud-computing arms of both Amazon and Alphabet are designing their own AI-tailored chips. Both have the potential to become fearsome competitors. 1．Which of the following makes Nvidia enviable according to the passage? A．The hype around artificial intelligence. B．The release of ChatGPT. C．The availability of its chips. D．The high performance of its chips. 2．What does the underlined word “woo” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Hunt for. B．Attend to. C．Approve of. D．Guard against. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Nvidia will lose its dominance definitely. B．Nvidia should further improve its chips. C．Alphabet has weakened Nvidia’s market. D．Amazon will defeat Nvidia soon. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Nvidia Leads AI’s Future B．Nvidia Faces Challenges C．AI Market Flourishes Post-ChatGPT D．Nvidia’s Value Over 100 Billion （23-24高二上·云南昆明·月考）In a world where the lines between work and home are increasingly blurred(模糊的), remote work is becoming a critical part of our daily routines. Whether you switch between working from home and the office, distant work has become a preferred method of working for many. With the rise of secure, efficient, and automatic tools, remote work is becoming more commonplace than ever before. One such example of this is the popular secure video conferencing platform, Zoom. Zoom’s software is efficient and easy to use, making it a favorite among remote workers. The platform allows users to video conference with colleagues or clients in real-time, regardless of their location. It automatically encrypts(加密) all data transmissions, ensuring that information remains secure during remote meetings. Another example is the rise of smart home devices, such as smart thermostats(恒温调节器) and security cameras. These devices can be automatically controlled by a secure remote command system, allowing users to adjust thermostats, monitor home security, and even instruct smart home devices to obey specific commands remotely. Remote work can also offer a more ergonomic(人类工程学的) approach to working. By using adjustable desks and chairs, remote workers can switch between sitting and standing throughout their daily routine. This can help improve overall health and well-being while working from home or remotely. Despite the efficiency and convenience remote work offers, it also poses some potential risks. One such waning is the potential for distancing between colleagues and clients. It’s important to remember to schedule regular face-to-face meetings to maintain personal relationships and build stronger relationships. In conclusion, remote work has become an increasingly popular method of working in recent years, offering employees greater flexibility and efficiency while working from home or remotely. Secure, efficient, and automatic tools have made remote work more practical and convenient than ever before. However, it’s important to recognize the potential risks of remote work and take measures to avoid them. Switching between remote work and traditional office work can offer employees a more ergonomic and efficient approach to working. 1．What is the function of paragraph ONE? A．Draw a conclusion. B．Introduce the topic. C．Arouse readers’ interest. D．List the arguments. 2．What are NOT the examples of remote work in the passage? A．Zoom. B．Security cameras. C．Wechat. D．Adjustable desks and chairs. 3．What does pose mean in paragraph 5? A．Cause. B．Obtain. C．Reduce. D．Detect. 4．What are NOT the features of remote work according the LAST paragraph? A．Flexibility and efficient. B．Practical and convenient. C．Secure and automatic. D．Traditional and ergonomic. （23-24高二上·云南昆明·期中）A new study shows that the household consumers (家庭消费者) are focusing more on reducing their energy costs by using technologically advanced home appliances. The lighting control held the largest share in the smart home market in 2016. The increase in the adoption (采用) rate of intelligent lighting controls by households worldwide has fuelled the growth of the smart home market. These have the ability to reduce electricity consumption because they adjust (调节) the artificial light according to the surroundings. Four years ago, I was in a discussion about Nest Thermostat (恒温器), sharing my view that if a house is built properly, it doesn't need a smart thermostat. It probably wouldn't do much good there because with careful placement of high-quality windows, you seldom need to heat or cool it at all. Since then, other studies have shown that in a leaky old house, smart thermostats can be very effective and save energy. But is smart lighting saving energy? A smart lighting system might turn off or adjust the brightness of a bulb (灯泡), but an LED bulb already uses very little electricity, say 7 watts per bulb. But when you make it smart, it is always connected, consuming a bit of power to talk to the controller or bridge; one guy with a meter tested it at 0.4 watts per hour, or 9.6 watts in a day. It means that if you have a pile of smart bulbs and devices, you are consuming a fair bit of electricity. Except for smart thermostats in leaky houses, none in the smart market saves energy. Asking Siri, voice control on any of Apple devices, to turn off the lights is fun, but we would be better off in terms of energy and exercise if we got up and reached for a light switch. Rather than saving energy, the smart home is wasting it. 1．What does the underlined word “fuelled” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Controlled. B．Promoted. C．Predicted. D．Detected. 2．What does the author think of smart thermostats? A．They are well-designed. B．They are energy-efficient. C．They are not very useful. D．They are not always automatic. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly want to tell us? A．LED bulbs are very bright. B．LED bulbs are of little value. C．Smart lighting has developed quickly. D．Smart lighting does little to save electricity. 4．What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph? A．To use Siri for fun. B．To improve smart lighting. C．To give up smart thermostats completely. D．To turn to the traditional way of turning off lights. （24-25高二上·云南曲靖·期中）The key to effective cross-cultural communication is knowledge. First, it is essential that people understand the potential problems of cross-cultural communication, and make a conscious effort to overcome these problems. Second, it is important to assume that one’s efforts will not always be successful, and adjust one’s behaviour appropriately. For example, one should always assume that there is a great possibility that cultural differences are causing communication problems. One should respond slowly and carefully in cross-cultural exchanges, not jumping to the conclusion that you know what is being thought and said. William Ury’s suggestion for heated conflicts is to stop, listen and think and he advises going to the balcony when the situation gets tense (紧张的). This helps in cross-cultural communication as well. When things seem to be going badly, stop or slow down and think. What could be going on here? Is it possible that I misinterpreted what they said? Active listening can sometimes be used to check this out — by repeating what one thinks he or she heard, one can confirm that he or she understands the communication accurately. Often intermediaries (调解人) can be helpful in cross-cultural communication situations. They can translate both the essential meaning and the manner of what is said. For example, they can tone down strong statements that would be considered appropriate in one culture but not in another, before they are given to people from a culture that does not talk together in such a strong way. They can also adjust the timing of what is said and done. Some cultures move quickly to the point; others talk about other things long enough to establish a relationship with the other person. If discussion on the primary topic begins too soon, the group that needs a “warm-up” first will feel uncomfortable. An intermediary who understands this can explain the problem, and make appropriate adjustments. 59．What is the most important thing in cross-cultural communication? A．Knowledge of your own culture. B．The ability to take in different opinions. C．Awareness of the problems that may arise. D．Successful efforts to change your behaviour. 60．Which character helps prevent communication problems? A．Patience. B．Honesty. C．Generosity. D．Stubbornness. 61．What does the underlined phrase “going to the balcony” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Going outside and enjoying fresh air. B．Dealing with the conflicts in a secret way. C．Exchanging positions with each other. D．Getting out of the situation temporarily. 62．What is the requirement for an intermediary? A．To be an experienced translator. B．To behave properly all through a discussion. C．To be directly involved in a discussion. D．To know both cultures very well. （23-24高二上·云南昆明·期中）Artificial intelligence, a key technology for driving digital transformation, is playing an increasingly vital role in accelerating China’s push for industrial upgrading and promoting the in-depth integration (融合) of the digital economy and real economy. Significant progress has been made in developing China’s AI industry, with technological innovation capabilities in some areas ranking among the best in the world, business leaders and experts said. A Stanford University report showed that China filed more than half of the world’s AI patent applications last year and the nation continued to lead the world in the number of AI journals, conference papers and related publications. The report said Chinese researchers have been the most productive in recent years, publishing 27.5% of all AI journal articles worldwide, while researchers from the United States accounted for 12%. Articles in Chinese journals also exceeded those of other nations for citations, an indicator of their scientific importance.100000 Chinese technology companies have invested heavily in research and development based on AI. In 2017, Baidu was chosen to lead the establishment of the Al national laboratory in deep learning. Self-driving technologies are important for this national research project. Robin Li, co-founder and CEO of Baidu, said the application of AI technology is reshaping the industry landscape and will be a transformative force revolutionizing development over the next 40 years. Tech heavyweight Tencent Holdings launched its AI Lab in April 2016. It emphasizes basic research in computer vision, speech recognition, natural language processing and machine learning. The tech firm works to put fundamental research to practical use, applying AI to its key businesses, including medicine, social interaction, online games and cloud computing. It also operates Youtu Lab, which has developed advanced technologies in facial and image recognition and voice identification. Xiang Ligang, director-general of a telecom industry association, spoke highly of the nation’s intensified efforts to develop digital technologies represented by AI, which will further reinforce China’s advantages in global supply chains, he said. 79．What is Paragraph 1 mainly about? A．It conveys China’s determination in AI study. B．It introduces the necessity of digital transformation. C．It reveals China’s ambition in promoting tech firms. D．It shows the critical role of AI in China’s development. 80．In which aspect does China top other nations? A．Industrial upgradation. B．Investment ratio. C．AI journal article publication. D．Technological management capability. 81．What does Xiang Ligang’s words suggest? A．China should stress more on AI patent applications. B．Emphasis on basic research in cloud computing is vital. C．It is important to accelerate the in-depth integration. D．China will benefit from developing digital technologies. 82．What is the business leaders’ attitude towards AI? A．Supportive. B．Negative. C．Neutral. D．Indifferent. 主题02 人与自我 ——生活方式、心理状态、行为模式、创造力 （23-24高二上·云南昭通·期中）Oxford Dictionaries’ word of the year for 2022 was “goblin mode”: a kind of behavior mode, which means a crazy self-enjoyment, typically in a way that rejects social customs or regulations. If we all got fascinated by making our home comfort and beautiful, it feels like last year was the year we gave up: Welcoming the mess and the chaos in daily life. Orgamzed mess has been in fashion for a while, after the coming of the term “cluttercore”: the art of having masses of stuff in one’s home and embracing (拥抱) color and noise. Think messy maximalism: Chaos, but lovely designed chaos. Clean spaces don’t lead a man to innovation and creation. This is the reason why so many geniuses do their work in cluttered surroundings. They don’t see the mess — they see possibility. Ever known the type of person to store crayons in the microwave and books in the washing machine? That’s probably because they are more creative in disorder. Staying messy builds the connections which lead them to new and creative ideas. They believe that messes offer new approaches to seeing the world. So don’t get worried about being messy. That just might spark your next genius invention. Messy people have their own unique ways of keeping organized. You wouldn’t know from looking at their piles of stuff, but they know exactly what’s in them and how to find what they’re looking for every time. These piles are, in their eyes, well-organized and everything is easy to get. Painters, writers, musicians and creators throughout history have often worked in disorder. They have their unique way to place their objects and that is what they like. 1．What does the writer mean in the first paragraph? A．Ignoring social customs or regulations. B．Learning to enjoy life by oneself. C．Being positive to a life of mess and chaos. D．Introducing the word for 2022. 2．What do we know about “organized mess”? A．It is an art of mess lovely displayed. B．It is an art of placing everything in order. C．It comes before the word “cluttercore”. D．It is hated by geniuses. 3．What does the underlined word “possibility” refer to? A．The possibility of being a talent. B．The possibility of being a messy man. C．The possibility of getting inspiration. D．The possibility of being clean. 4．Why does the author mention the painters, writers, musicians and creators in the last paragraph? A．To prove that artists all love mess and chaos. B．To show they have a good memory. C．To present their messy side. D．To offer examples of messy people’s unique way of being organized. （24-25高二上·云南昆明·期中）“Going for perfection is the tenet (信条) of my life.” Magee rushed home crying after seeing that she’d received an A-minus on her grade report. Growing up she had learned that the way to receive recognition and love from family members and teachers was to be a high achiever. So to Magee, that A-minus felt like a failure. “I was shattered,” she said. “In that moment, I felt like my self-worth as a human had fallen far below what it would have been if I’d gotten an A or an A-plus.” Magee’s turning a good grade into a cause of her inferiority (自卑) is an example of a growing trend in recent years: perfectionist behavior. Perfectionism is a universal cultural phenomenon. High levels of perfectionism were linked with depression, anxiety, and self-harm. The constant stress of competitiveness and comparison can also leave people stressed and suffering from headaches and other health problems. If a person is only rewarded for high achievement, over time they learn that their value as a person depends on being perfect. Instagram, Facebook and other social media platforms also encourage unhealthy comparisons. “It’s a real problem — those social media images end up being an standard that people can compare themselves to and a perfectionist is always trying to keep up with the Joneses,” Sherry, a clinical psychologist, said. And it’s never been harder to keep up with the Joneses, because today we are constantly bombed with seemingly perfect images of other peoples’ lives. Eventually Magee learned that she had to let go a little and allow herself to show up with all her imperfections. She eventually learned to trust that she could show up, not being perfect, and still feel valued. “I can be imperfect and everything can be fine!” 5．Which of the following best explains “shattered” underlined in paragraph 1? A．Delighted. B．Frightened. C．Discouraged. D．Amused. 6．Which of the following is NOT the cause of Magee’s interiority? A．The unhealthy comparisons. B．The A-plus grade. C．The perfectionism phenomenon. D．The sense of competitiveness. 7．What may Magee agree with finally? A．It’s cool to be perfect. B．It’s fine to be imperfect. C．It’s important to get an A-plus. D．It’s easy to keep up with the Joneses. 8．What is the text mainly about? A．Perfectionism is killing our mental health. B．Perfectionism is a growing cultural phenomenon. C．Accepting one’s imperfection is becoming a trend. D．Imperfection is temporary and perfection is forever. （24-25高二上·云南大理·期中）Our family has no connection to French-speaking countries, yet my father decided to start learning French when he was 57. Before long, he was visiting the French bakery across town to practice his pronunciation (and buy macarons). His motivation ran deeper than a passion for pastries---my grandmother developed signs of Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默症) disease in her early 70s, and studies suggest that being bilingual can delay the onset of the condition by up to five years. Drawn by that potential benefit, many people, like my father, have attempted to pick up a new language in adulthood. According to a survey conducted by the language learning app Memrise, 57 percent of users reported “boost brain health” as a motivation for using the program. But is that really possible? Lots of activities are linked to better brain health in old age, like getting more education when you’re younger, physical activity and cognitively stimulating hobbies. Experts say regularly speaking multiple languages may be especially beneficial, though. “We use language in all aspects of daily life, so a bilingual brain is constantly working,” said Mark Antoniou, an associate professor at Western Sydney University in Australia who specializes in bilingualism. “You don’t really get that from other enriching experiences, like playing a musical instrument.” The age at which you learn another language appears to be less important than how often you speak it, said Caitlin Ware, a research engineer at Broca Hospital in Paris who studies bilingualism and brain health. “The cognitive (认知的) benefit is from having to inhibit (抑制) your mother tongue,” she said, which your brain is forced to do if you’re trying to recall the right words in another language. “So if the second language is used a lot, you’re getting that cognitive training.” That process—called cognitive inhibition—is linked to better executive functioning. In theory, by improving these types of processes, the brain becomes better adapted to the damage caused by diseases like dementia—a concept known as cognitive reserve. The stronger your mental faculties, the thinking goes, the longer you can function normally, even if your brain health starts to decline as you are getting old. 55．Why did the author’s father study French? A．Macarons in the French bakery are yummy. B．He has relatives in French-speaking countries. C．He wished to maintain his brain health longer. D．Memrise talked him into learning a second language. 56．What seems to be the advantage of regularly speaking multiple languages to brain health? A．Brain gets regular training. B．Brain has sufficient rest. C．Brain takes in more oxygen. D．Brian gets enriching resources. 57．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Dementia is unavoidable. B．Language can cure dementia. C．Learning is a lifelong journey. D．Lack of physical faculties leads to dementia. 58．What is the author’s attitude toward his father’s French learning? A．Negative. B．Doubtful. C．Indifferent. D．Positive. 主题03 人与自然 —— 环境保护、生物多样性、塑料污染、动物保护 （24-25高二上·云南昭通·期中）The dangers of excessive plastic — from harming wildlife to worsening climate change — are serious. Some 8 million metric tons of plastic end up in the ocean each year. At the current pace, the seas may have more plastic than fish by the middle of the century. We are facing severe challenges. Consumers buy a million plastic drinking bottles a minute and use trillions of plastic bags every year. Companies and governments have promised to cut back and reuse more, but even if those targets were met, they’d only reduce the plastic flowing into the ocean by 7% by 2040. Plastic also has a bad effect on the climate. By poisoning crucial wildlife, it’s inhibiting (抑制) the ocean’s ability to act as a natural carbon sink. Demand for plastic drives significant use of oil, natural gas and coal, which threatens efforts to prevent global temperatures from rising by more than 1. 5 degrees. There are many measures that can be taken. First, it’s important to recognize that this is a global problem that requires a global solution. The UN process is off to a promising start: Nearly 200 countries agreed yesterday to work toward a treaty eventually banning plastic pollution. One reasonable aim for the process would be to phase out the harmful single-use kind in the years ahead. This is no small challenge, given how widely such material is used and how critical it is in emerging markets. The good news is that consumer-facing companies are already moving in the right direction, providing increased transparency on plastic consumption. Companies like Bacardi Ltd. — which is experimenting with a new type of plastic bottle that can decompose in a matter of months, under the right conditions — deserve credit for bringing innovation to bear on the problem. The plastic emergency has been building for years. Unfortunately, the world doesn’t have the luxury of time in trying to resolve it. The sooner these efforts start, the better. 1．What is the negative effect of plastic on the climate mentioned in the passage? A．It weakens the ocean’s ability as a carbon sink. B．It directly increases global temperatures. C．It leads to the extinction of ocean wildlife, D．It consumes a large amount of renewable energy. 2．What can we infer from paragraph 3? A．The UN process to address plastic pollution has already achieved great success. B．Emerging markets are not affected by the crisis of plastic pollution. C．Global cooperation is essential to deal with the plastic pollution. D．The harmful single-use plastics are completely banned. 3．What measure does the author suggest to address plastic pollution? A．Leading a more plastic-free life. B．Having innovations about a new type of plastic bottle. C．Making stricter rules on stopping single-use plastic. D．Making joint efforts between countries and companies. 4．What is author’s attitude towards the plastic pollution? A．Promising. B．Urgent. C．Skeptical. D．Unconcerned. （23-24高二上·云南昭通·期中）Why do we find ugly-cute animals so attractive? And what makes odd-looking creatures so cute? Evolution (进化) plays a role. According to Austrian zoologist Erin Fekete, human attraction to childish features, such as big eyes, large heads and soft bodies, is an evolutionary adaptation that helps ensure that adults care for the young, assuring the survival of their species. Odd-looking animals such as blobfish, pugs, aye-ayes and bulldogs all share these childish qualities that cause a loving response among humans and a nature to raise and protect. And these childish characteristics increase a person’s “protective behavior, attention and willingness” to care for the individual and reduce the “possibility of aggression towards a child”, says Cyril Drouet, a researcher. Ugly-cute animals often have other value— some, like the blobfish, live in extreme environments that they have adapted to in remarkable ways. Scientists are keen to study these animals to understand whether their biology might provide fresh ideas that could lead to treatments for human health conditions such as cancer and heart disease. But while many ugly creatures are strongly adapted to their life in the wild and can provide numerous benefits to the ecosystems they live in, they often still don’t get as much attention as more traditionally cute and beautiful animals, which leads to many of the ugly-cute species being ignored in terms of research. There are other culture-led factors that also cause our attraction for ugly-cute animals. “The ugly-cute thing is very fashionable.” says Rowena Packer, a lecturer of animal behavior. “This is partly caused by social media, with many social media influencers showing off pet pugs and French bulldogs on Instagram.” she says. But there are some serious worries around this trend. Veterinarians (兽医) are calling on people not to keep a flat-faced dog, because they suffer from serious health problems. Pugs and French bulldogs which have been selectively kept experience breathing difficulties, repeated skin problems and eye diseases. So while childish features such as big eyes may make us smile, we might want to reconsider our attraction for “ugly-cute” pets. 1．What does the underlined word “aggression” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Threatening behavior. B．Strange behavior. C．Friendly behavior. D．Smart behavior. 2．Why are some ugly animals overlooked in terms of research? A．They are of no interest to scientists. B．They are less cute and attractive. C．They do not have unique biological feature. D．They are not well-adapted to their environments. 3．What can be inferred about the role of social media in promoting the popularity of ugly-cute animals? A．Influencers have started a campaign to raise awareness about ugly animals. B．People prefer to post pictures of ugly animals on social media rather than cute animals. C．Social media didn’t make it easier to spread information about animals. D．The ugly-cute animals shared on social media could raise people’s attraction for them. 4．How does the author feel about the current trend of keeping flat-faced dogs? A．Encouraging. B．Indifferent. C．Concerned. D．Excited. （24-25高二上·云南·期中）Plastic pollution has become a major concern for our planet. Even when plastics break down, tiny bits of them still end up polluting the air, oceans, food chain, and even human bloodstreams. However, a groundbreaking discovery by researchers may offer a glimmer of hope in alleviating this global issue. At the forefront of this innovation stands Michael Burkart, a chemical biologist at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), and co-founder of Algenesis Materials, a company devoted to developing novel plastic materials. Burkart remarks, “We’re essentially conducting a vast experiment to understand the possible effects of microplastics and nanoplastics on our well-being.” Historically, most plastics have been made from crude oil, a non-renewable fossil fuel. In contrast, four years ago, Burkart’s team at UCSD revolutionized the field by introducing a new type of plastic: polyurethane (聚氨酯), crafted from building blocks (建筑积木) naturally produced by algae (海藻). This essential shift signifies a move towards eco-friendlier alternatives. The researchers supposed that since various microbes are capable of breaking down plants and algae. they might exhibit similar efficiency in degrading (分解) this novel polyurethane plastic. To test that, Burkart’s team broke their new plastic into tiny particles. They did the same with a different type of plastic made from fossil fuels, which is known as ethyl vinyl acetate, or EVA．After 90 days, 68 percent of the new plastic had broken down. That number climbed to 97 percent after about seven months. In contrast, the researchers saw no EVA breakdown throughout that time. Burkart emphasizes, “My aspiration is to ins till hope in people that solutions to the microplastics crisis do exist. Having something that can readily be broken down by bacteria,” she says, “is better than having persistent plastic in the environment.” 63．What is the new type of plastic developed by Burkart’s team, made from? A．Crude oil. B．Ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA). C．Building blocks produced by algae. D．Nanoparticles from recycled plastics. 64．What was the main goal of Burkart’s team’s experiment? A．To extend the working life of plastics. B．To assess the biodegradability of the new plastic. C．To study the effects of algae on different types of bacteria. D．To compare the cost between the new and traditional plastics. 65．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage: A．Microplastics can pollute the air, oceans, and food chain. B．The new plastic material can be mostly degraded by microbes. C．The researchers have already solved the problem of plastic pollution. D．Ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) failed to break down throughout the experiment. 66．What is the main idea of this passage? A．The decline of fossil fuel resources. B．The overuse of algae in plastic production. C．The impact of microplastics on human health. D．The potential approach of tackling plastic pollution. （23-24高二上·云南昆明·期中）Taking an “eco-break” was once almost the same as a weekend’s hedge-laying or a summer spent conserving wildlife. Here is how things have changed: being a green traveler today is no longer restricted to one-off gestures but, rather, it’s a state of mind. Influences include, but are not limited to what we pack, how we reach our destination, where we stay and what activities we take part in. Such change has come about thanks to both a growing understanding of climate change and the pioneering efforts of some travel operators to show the joy of going green. Luxury camping specialists Feather Down Farms and Forest, for example, led the glamping (豪华野营) revolution. Digital platforms such as Under the Thatch and Canopy & Stars have made booking low-impact rural accommodations easier. Adventure operators such as TYF, Intrepid and Much Better Adventures set the agenda for sustainable outdoor relaxation. But the increased appetite for travel and the trend for replacing annual trips with multiple shorter breaks has seen a rise in carbon-intensive air travel. Meanwhile, key overland routes have been discontinued (such as ferry services to Scandinavia and overnight “train hotels” through France and Spain), and cuts in local transport services have severely impacted car-free access to rural areas. Dishonest and immoral businesses have also jumped on the “eco” travel wave, muddying the waters. There are, however, signs we’re entering a golden age of green travel. Richard Hammond, founder of the Green Traveler website, shares over 20 years’ worth of expertise in his new guidebook outlying methods to explore the world sustainably. Many travel companies are also starting to provide tools to help travelers tell the genuinely green from greenwashing operations (Booking. com and Google, for instance, are working with not-for-profit Travalyst to flag up officially-approved and eco-certified hotels in their search results) while the upcoming national rollout (推广) of electric car charging, the modernization of cross-channel ferry services and the return of rail means choosing lower-carbon overland travel is becoming practical and more appealing. 67．How have things changed for being green now? A．Each stop on a route is planned with care. B．Many aspects of our travels are influenced. C．Wildlife preservation is not as essential as before. D．The health conditions of tourists are considered. 68．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning some travel operators? A．To compare their jobs in different fields. B．To offer the readers select recommendations. C．To impress the readers with outdoor activities. D．To show their joint contributions to green travel. 69．What does the underlined word “greenwashing” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Eco-unfriendly. B．Illegal. C．Disorderly. D．Evergreen. 70．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Going Green B．Costing the Earth Less C．Experiencing Rural Lifestyles D．Adventuring Into the Golden Age （23-24高二上·云南昆明·月考）The human race shares this planet with millions of other species and forms of life. In recognizing that, it is always important to remember that our rapid rise of the urban civilization(城市文明) has unavoidably impacted the planet and life on it. In the long run, however, the civilization risks destroying well balanced ecosystems, which could potentially have serious results for humanity itself. As such,we must eventually find a balance between development and nature which can maintain the ecology, beauty and harmony(和谐) of the earth. The word “harmony” is an important concept in China. Chinese society and culture are built on the idea that relationships between people should be harmonious, which means avoiding conflict, highlighting a common good and balancing uncontrollable desires with the needs of society as a whole. However, this idea does not just apply to people, it also applies to our relationships with the world and nature. Never has this been more meaningful than the view of how China handles its rapid development, which has lastingly changed the country’s landscape and created new challenges regarding nature and the environment. Actually, over the past few years China has been working hard to protect biodiversity and has drawn “red lines” for ecological protection, established a national park system, and undertaken major projects for biodiversity protection. One example of China’s success in this area is in its reversing(逆转) of the decrease of its giant panda population to the point that it is no longer endangered. This effort included creating a giant panda national park in 2016 and doubling the number of births. Pandas have become “a global symbol of conservation success”—something in which China has played a key part. Likewise, China is also taking its efforts overseas. It recently announced a $232 million fund to promote biodiversity protection in developing countries. The effort is a part of its “community of shared future for mankind”, meaning that we share one world, one planet and one future, and so we human beings must work together. Now it is the time to act. 1．Which potential risk along with the urban civilization is mentioned? A．Loss of the natural scenery. B．Breaking the ecosystem balance. C．The disappearance of all species. D．Ruining our human health. 2．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．The word “harmony” refers to good interpersonal relationship. B．Human’s uncontrolled desires aren’t connected with harmony. C．Keeping in harmony makes a difference to China’s development. D．Balancing development and nature isn’t complicated as imagined. 3．What does the author want to tell us by the example of pandas? A．China has completed the task of protecting biodiversity. B．China has made some achievements of protecting biodiversity. C．The population of giant panda is gradually decreasing recently. D．Pandas have become the most successful representative of China。 4．Which of the following can best describe China’s role in protecting biodiversity? A．Fundamental. B．Unique. C．Indirect. D．Mysterious. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $