词汇表(1-4单元)(含教材例句和用法讲解) 清单-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第二册

该高中英语必修二1-4单元词汇表系统梳理了文化、体育、科技与生态保护四大主题的核心语言知识。从“cultural relic”“Olympic Games”到“artificial intelligence”和“wildlife protection”，词汇链由具体物品延伸至抽象概念，再关联现实问题，形成由认知到思辨的学习支架，助力学生构建跨学科语境下的语言理解与表达能力。 资料以核心素养为导向，凸显语言能力与文化意识的融合，如通过“amber room”“ancient Olympics”等真实语境强化文化对比与价值判断，提升思维品质；同时设计高考链接题型与情境任务（如海报制作、辩论组织），促进学习能力发展。知识点按单元逻辑递进，结构清晰，例句丰富且贴近生活，便于教师开展主题式教学，激发学生主动探究与迁移应用。

人教版高中英语必修二词汇表(1-4单元)(含教材例句和用法讲解) Book2 Unit1 1.△ cultural /'kʌltʃərəl/ adj. 文化的（常用于名词前） Do you know what a cultural relic is? 你知道什么是文物？（P1） Thenorthern part of the city has now become a cultural centre. 城北现在成了文化区。 【拓展】 culture /ˈkʌltʃə(r)/ n. [C,U] 文化; 文明；教养 Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. 实际上，当不同文化相互交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展和变化。 Beijing is a beautiful city full of culture and history. 北京是一座具有深厚文化和历史底蕴的美丽城市。 popular culture大众文化 culture shock 文化冲击 the Minister for Culture文化部长 2. △ relic /'relik/ n. 遗物；遗迹；纪念物 Do you know what a cultural relic is? 你知道什么是文物？(P1) 3.rare /reə/ adj. 稀罕的；稀有的；珍贵的 Does a cultural relic always have to be rare and valuable? 文物必须是稀有且珍贵吗？（P1） This plant is extremely rare.这种植物极为罕见。 a rare book/coin/stamp珍贵的书 / 硬币 / 邮票 【拓展】 rarely /ˈreəli/ adv. 很少地; 罕有地; 珍奇地 He is so busy with his project that he rarely goes to bed before 2 am. 他太忙于他的项目以至于很少在凌晨两点之前睡觉。 4. valuable /'væljuəbl/ adj. 贵重的；有价值的 Does a cultural relic always have to be rare and valuable? 文物一定要稀有和珍贵吗？（P1） My grandfather left me a valuable watch. 祖父留给我一块贵重的表。 valuable experience/life/time/advice/ information 宝贵的经验/生命/时间/意见/信息 be valuable to sb./sth. 对某人/某物是很宝贵的 The information that the book provides is valuable to us.这本书提供的信息对我们很宝贵。 【拓展】 value /ˈvælju:/ ◎n. 价值；重要性；价值观 Gold has recently increased in value. 黄金近来增值了。 Mostparentsknow the value of a good education. 大多数父母都知道接受良好教育的重要性。 Because the values of each culture are different, understanding the values of another culture helps explain how people think and act. 由于每种文化的价值观不同，了解另一种文化的价值 观有助于解释人们如何思维和行动。 be of great/ little/no value（to sb./sth.） （对某人/某物）很有价值/几乎没有 / 毫无帮助 Acollegeeducation is of great value in one's life. 高等教育在人生中很重要。 Personally, this book is of little value to me in my studies. 我个人认为这本书对我的学习几乎没有帮助。 ◎vt. 重视；珍视；估价 If you value your health then you'll start being a little kinder to yourself. 如果你重视自己的健康，你就要开始对自己好一点。 The house has been valued at over $2 million.这处房产估价为200多万美元。 value sb/sth as 把某人/某物视为 I really value him as a friend.我真的把他视为好朋友。 5.survive /sə'vaɪv/ ①vi. 生存；存活；继续存在 Is it enough to have survived for a long time?已经存留很长时间就足够了吗？（P1） Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived. 因这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。 Companies must be able to survive in the marketplace. 公司必须有能力在市场竞争中生存下去。 survive from sth 从……中幸存下来 Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。 survive on sth 依靠……生存 I can't survive on £40 a week. 一星期40英镑，我无法维持生活。 ②vt. 幸存；幸免于难；艰难度过 The company managed to survive the crisis. 公司设法渡过了危机。 Many birds didn't survive the cold winter. 很多鸟死于这次严冬。 ③vt. 比……活（或存在）的时间长 She survived her husband by ten years. 丈夫死后她又活了十年。 【拓展】 （1）survivor /sə'vaɪvə/ n. 幸存者；幸免于难者；经受过（苦难）的人 There was only one survivor of the accident. 这次事故中只有一名幸存者。 （2）survival /səˈvaɪvl/ 存活；幸存 the struggle/battle/fight for survival 为生存而斗争 / 战斗 / 拼搏 I think life is a struggle for survival. 我认为生活就是一场奋力求生的斗争。 If cancers are spotted early there's a high chance of survival. 如果癌症在早期发现的话，存活的几率会很高。 6.vase /vɑ:z/ n. 花瓶；瓶 Are cultural relics only objects like vases or can they be buildings too? 文物仅仅是像花瓶一样的物品呢，还是也可以是建筑物？（P1） The vase dropped to the floor, breaking into pieces.花瓶掉在地上，摔成了碎片。 a vase of flowers 一瓶花 7.dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/ 美 /ˈdaɪnəsti/ n. 朝代；王朝 the Ming Dynasty vase明朝的花瓶（P1） The Tang Dynasty made Chang'an its capital. 唐代建都长安。 8.△ dragon /'dræɡən/ n. 龙 The Great Wall is like a dragon. 长城像一条龙。 dragon boat festival龙舟节；端午节 Chinese people like to eat zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival. 中国人喜欢在端午节吃粽子。 9.△ amber /'æmbə/ n. 琥珀；琥珀色 Have you ever seen a piece of amber? 你见过琥珀吗？（P1） an amber room 琥珀屋 10.in search of 寻找 in search of the amber room 寻找琥珀屋（P1） Many young people went to big cities in search of better jobs. 许多年轻人到大城市寻找更好的工作。 They set off in search of the lost child. 他们出发去寻找走失的孩子。 【拓展】 search for寻找 They set off to search for the lost child. 他们出发去寻找走失的孩子。 11.amaze /ə'meɪz/ vt. 使吃惊；惊讶 It amazed me that he had finished his test paper in half an hour. 他在半个小时之内做完了试卷真令我吃惊。 12.amazing /ə'meɪzɪŋ/ adj. 令人吃惊的 Frederick William Ⅰ，the King of Prussia , could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history .普鲁士国王腓特烈·威廉一世绝不可能想 到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有一段令人惊讶的历史。（P1） an amazing achievement/discovery/success/performance惊人的成就 / 发现 / 成功 / 表演 It was one of the most amazing films I've ever seen. 这是我看过的最精彩的电影之一。 【拓展】 （1）amazed /əˈmeɪzd/ adj. （人感到）吃惊的；惊奇的 Isawher amazed look. 我看到了她惊愕的神情。 be amazed at/by … 对……感到惊讶 I was amazed at her knowledge of French literature.她的法国文学知识之丰富使我大为惊奇。 be amazed to see/ find/ learn … 惊讶地看见/发现/得知…… We were amazed to find that no one was hurt.我们很惊异地发现竟没有人受伤。 be amazed that从句对……感到惊讶 Foreign visitors were amazed that the students could speak English so fluently. 外宾对学生们能讲如此流利的英语感到惊讶。 （2）amazement /əˈmeɪzmənt/ Hearing the news, we were filled with amazement. 听到这个消息，我们大为惊奇。 to one’s amazement令人惊讶的是 To my amazement I got the first prize. 使我惊奇的是，我得了一等奖。 in amazement 惊讶地 I stared at her in amazement. 她惊愕地瞪眼看着我。 13.select /sɪ'lekt/ vt. 挑选；选择 The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown color like honey. 选出来的琥珀色彩艳丽，呈现蜂蜜一样的黄褐色。（P1） select sb./sth. as… 挑选某人/某物作为 Our English teacher was selected as the Best Teacher of the Year. 我们的英语老师被评为年度优秀教师。 select sb./sth. from … 从……中挑选某人/某物 You can select friends from your schoolmates. 你可以在同学中挑选朋友。 select sb. to do sth. 挑选某人做某事 Our monitor was selected to make a speech at the meeting. 我们的班长被推选在会上发言。 【拓展】 selection /sɪˈlekʃn/ n. [U] 选择; [C] 被选中者; 可供选择的事物; The final team selection will be made tomorrow.明天将确定队伍的最后人选。 There's always a wide selection of delicious meals to choose from. 总是有很多美味可口的饭菜可供选择。 14.honey /'hʌni/ n. 蜜；蜂蜜；（爱称）亲爱的；宝贝 The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey. 选出来的琥珀色彩艳丽，呈现蜂蜜一样的黄褐色。（P1） Honey, I don't really think that's a good idea. 亲爱的，我不认为那是个好主意。 That new car of his is a real honey! 他的那辆新汽车真是棒极了! honey-moon 蜜月 honeybee 蜜蜂 15.design /dɪ 'zaɪn/ ◎n. 设计；图案；构思; 意图 The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days . 琥珀屋的设计采用了当时流行的别致的建筑式样。（P1） The shoes were of good design and good quality. 这些鞋样式新颖，质量上乘。 by design= on purpose 故意地 Whether by design or by accident his timing was perfect. 不管是计划好的还是巧合，他对时机的把握堪称完美。 ◎vt. 设计；构思；计划； 企图 design a car/a dress设计汽车 / 连衣裙 We may be able to design a course to suit your particular needs. 我们或许可以专门设计一门课程以满足你的特殊需求。 be designed for… 为……而设计 It was designed for the palace of Frederick I. 它是为腓特烈一世的宫殿设计（制作）的。（P1） be designed to do sth. 专门为了做…… The programme is designed to help people who have been out of work for a long time. 这项计划的目的是为长期失业者提供帮助。 【拓展】 designer /dɪˈzaɪnə(r)/ n.[C] 设计师; 设计者; 构思者 My brother is a fashion designer. 我哥哥是一名时装设计师。 16.fancy /'fænsɪ / ◎adj. 奇特的；异样的 The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days . 琥珀屋的设计采用了当时流行的别致的建筑式样。（P1） As a student, you should not wear fancy clothes.作为一个学生，不要穿奇装异服。 fancy skating 花样滑冰 ◎vt. 想象；认为； 想要；想做 fancy sb./oneself as/ to be… 以为是…… Shefancies herself as an artist. 她自以为是艺术家。 fancy doing sth. 想要做某事 Do you fancy going to see a movie sometime? 你想不想有空去看场电影？ fancy (that) 从句 想象…… She fancied (that) he was trying to hide a smile. 她猜想他正在尽力掩饰笑容。 ◎n.[C,U] 想象的事物；想象（力）；（多用单数）想要；爱好 We laughed at his fancy. 我们嘲笑他异想天开。 She said she wanted a dog but it was only a passing fancy. 她说想要一条狗，但这不过是一时心血来潮。 17.style /staɪl/ n. [C,U] 风格；方式；类型; [C] 款式 The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days . 琥珀屋的设计采用了当时流行的别致的建筑式样。（P1） Now on-line shopping has changed people's life style. 现在网上购物改变了人们的生活方式。 in the style of 仿……款式 The building was built in the style of a Chinese palace. 这座建筑是仿照中国宫殿形式而建的。 in style 别具风格；时髦 This type of dress is now in style. 这种款式的女装现在很流行。 out of style过时 Although this coat is expensive, it never goes out of style. 尽管这件大衣很贵，但它永不过时。 18.decorate /'dekəreɪt/ v. 装饰；装修 It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels.它也是用金银珠宝装饰起来的珍品。（P1） decorate sth. with sth. 用……装饰 You need to decorate your mind with love. 你应该用爱美化心灵。 be decorated with sth. 被装饰着…… The room was decorated with flowers and balloons.房间装饰着花和气球。 【拓展】 decoration /ˌdekəˈreɪʃn/ n.[U] 装饰；装潢；[C]装饰品 Paper cuts used for decoration are often seen on windows and gates. 剪纸常贴在窗户和大门上做装饰。 Christmas decorations圣诞节装饰品 19.jewel /'dʒu:əl/ n. [常用复数]珠宝；宝石 It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels. 它也是用金银珠宝装饰起来的珍品。 （P1） While they were out, somebody broke into the house and stole their jewels. 他们出去时，有人闯入房间把珠宝偷走了。 【拓展】 jewelry /'dʒu:əlrɪ/ n.[U]（总称）珠宝；首饰 She didn’t have enough money to buy expensive jewelry and clothing. 她没有很多钱购买昂贵的首饰和衣服。 20.artist /'ɑ:tɪst/ n. 艺术家 It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels , which took the country's best artists about ten years to make. 它也是用金银珠宝装饰起来的珍品。一批国家最优秀的艺术家用了大约十 年的时间才把它完成。（P1） Rodin was a famous artist. 罗丹是一个著名的艺术家。 【拓展】 art /ɑ:t/ n. [U]艺术;艺术作品; [常用复数]文科 modern/contemporary/American art现代 / 当代 / 美国艺术 an art gallery/exhibition美术馆 /美术展览 arts and social science graduates 人文和社会科学毕业生 21.belong /bɪ'lɒŋ/ vi. 属于；是……的成员 belong to 属于；是……的成员；是……的一部分（不能用于进行时态和被动语态） However, the next King of Prussia , Frederick William I, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. 然而,下一位普鲁士国王,腓烈特·威廉一世,这个琥珀屋的主人却决定 不再要它了。（P2） This house belongs to John. 这栋房子是约翰的. We belong to the new club. 我们是这个新俱乐部的成员. Which computer does the mouse belong to? 这个鼠标是哪一台电脑的？ 【拓展】 belonging /bɪ'lɒŋɪŋ/ n. [U] 归属；（常用复数）附属品；所有物；财物 a sense of belonging 一种归属感 I put a few personal belongings in a bag. 我把几件私人物品装进包中. I rescued my belongings from the flood. 我把财物从洪水中抢救出来。 22.in return 作为报答；回报 In return , the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. 作为回馈,沙皇则送给他一队自己最好的士兵。（P2） in return for… 作为对……报答；回报 I wish I could do something in return for the kindness I have received from him. 我希望我能做点什么事来酬谢他。 23.reception /rɪ'sepʃn/ n. [U]接待；接见 [C]招待会；欢迎会 About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors . 琥珀屋长约4米,被用作接待重要来宾的小型会客室。（P2） a reception area/ room接待处/接待室 Xi Jinping was given a warm reception in Hong Kong. 习近平在香港受到热情的款待。 They held a reception for the new CEO. 他们为新来的首席执行官举行了欢迎会。 【拓展】 receptionist /rɪˈsepʃənɪst/ n. [C] 接待员 I will leave a message with the receptionist. 我会给前台接待员留个口信。 24.at war 处于交战状态 This was a time when the two countries were at war .这是两国交战的时期。（P2） Germany was at war with almost all the countries in the world. 德国当时几乎同世界所有国家处于交战状态。 【拓展】 at peace处于和平状态 The two countries are at peace now. 两国现在和平相处。 25.remove /rɪ'mu:v/ vt. ①移开；拿开（常和from连用） Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace , the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room . 在纳粹分子到达夏宫之前，俄罗斯人只能把琥珀屋里的一些家具和小件艺术饰品搬走。（P2） ②开除；免除（职务等）（常和from连用） Three students were removed from the school for cheating in the exam . 三个学生因考试作弊被学校开除。 The elections removed the government from power.这次选举使得政府倒台。 ③去除；消除 The news removed any doubts about the company's future. 这个消息消除了一切有关公司未来的疑虑。 ④脱去（衣服等）；摘下 He removed his jacket. 他脱下了夹克。 【高考链接】 When fat and salt _______ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. （2017全国卷I 语法填空） 答案：are removed 句意：当脂肪和盐被从食物中去除掉，食物尝起来似乎缺少了一些东西。 本文的主体时态为一般现在时，fat and salt是动词remove的承受者，应用被动语态are removed。 26.less than 少于 In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxes . 在不到两天的时间里，10万个部件装进了27个木箱。（P2） 【拓展】 more than多于 The total cost of the project would be more than $240 million. 该项目的总成本会超过2.4亿美元。 27.wooden /'wʊdn/ adj. 木制的; 呆板的 In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxes . 在不到两天的时间里，10万个部件装进了27个木箱。（P2） The actor playing the father was too wooden.饰演父亲的演员太呆板。 【拓展】 wood /wʊd/ n. [U,C] 木材; [C]树林 All the furniture was made of wood .所有的家具都是用木料制作的。 After supper I usually take a walk in the woods.晚饭后我通常在树林中散步。 28.doubt /daʊt/ ◎n. 怀疑；疑惑 There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea . 毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，它是当 时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。（P2） without /beyond doubt无疑地; 确实地 Without doubt he runs the fastest among them. 毫无疑问他在他们当中跑得最快的。 in doubt不能肯定的; 拿不准的 When in doubt, call the doctor. 如有疑问，请联系医生。 There is some /no doubt about/of 对……有/无疑问 There is some doubt about the best way to do it.这件事怎么做才是最佳办法有点吃不准。 There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问……（doubt用于否定句，同位语从句用that引导） Some researcher believes there is no doubt that a cure for AIDS will be found. 一些研究人员相信无疑会找到治疗艾滋病的办法。 There is( some) doubt whether… ……尚有疑问（doubt用于肯定句，同位语从句用whether 引导） There is some doubt whether he can finish the work on time.他是否能按时完成工作尚有疑问。 ◎vt. 怀疑；不相信 No one doubted his ability. 没有人怀疑他的能力。 I had no reason to doubt him.我没有理由不相信他。 I doubt whether/ if... 我怀疑是否……（doubt用于肯定句，宾语从句用whether或if引导） I doubt whether/ if it’s true. 我怀疑这是否是真的。 I don’t doubt that... 我不怀疑 ……（doubt用于否定句，宾语从句用that引导） I don’t doubt that you are honest. 我不怀疑你是诚实的。 【拓展】 （1）doubtful /ˈdaʊtfl/ adj. 不确定的；怀疑的 A doubtful friend is worse than a certain enemy. 可疑的朋友比确定的敌人更可怕。 Rose was doubtful about the whole idea.罗斯对整个设想持怀疑态度。 It's doubtful if this painting is a Picasso.这是否是毕加索的画值得怀疑。 （2）doubtfully /'daʊtfəlɪ/ adv. 怀疑地; 含糊地 They looked doubtfully at each other.他们用一种怀疑的眼光看着对方。 29.△ mystery /'mistri ;US 'mistəri/ n. 神秘；神秘的事物 After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. 从那以后，琥珀屋的去处便成了一个谜。 Why the dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. 恐龙为什么会突然灭绝至今仍是个谜。 30.former /'fɔ:mə/ adj. [只用于名词前] 以前的；从前的 By studying old photos of the former Amber Room , they have made the new one look like the old one . 通过研究琥珀屋原来的照片，他们建造的新琥珀屋样子和旧的看起来非常像。（P2） the former world champion 前世界冠军 my former boss/colleague/wife 过去的老板 / 同事/前妻 the former…（两者中）前者 Of the two opinions, the latter is better than the former. 这两种意见中后者比前者好。 31.worth /wɜ:θ/ prep. 值得的；相当于……的价值n. 价值；作用 adj. [古] 值钱的 Is it worth rebuilding lost cultural relics such as the Amber Room or Yuanmingyuan in Beijing? 像琥珀屋，北京的圆明园这样的遗失的文化遗址值得重建吗？（P2） be worth doing 某事值得做（doing主动形式表示被动意义） be worth+ n．/pron．某事值得…… Disneyland in Shanghai is worth visiting.=Disneyland in Shanghai is worth a visit. 上海的迪斯尼乐园值得参观。 be worth+ 钱数 某物值……钱 The jewel is worth about six thousand dollars．这件珠宝价值大约6 000美元。 be worth it 某事值得花精力或时间 I am spending a lot of money and time on this project, but it is worth it. 我在这个项目上花了很多金钱和时间，但都很值得。 【注意】 ①worth后接动名词时，用主动形式表示被动含义，动名词和主语构成动宾关系。 ② worth不能用very修饰，但可以用well修饰。 The report is well worth listening to. 这个报告很值得听。 32.△ rebuild /ri:'bild/ vt. 重建；使恢复 Is it worth rebuilding lost cultural relics such as the Amber Room or Yuanmingyuan in Beijing? 像琥珀屋，北京的圆明园这样的遗失的文化遗址值得重建吗？（P2） After the earthquake, the people set about rebuilding their homes. 地震过后，人们开始重建家园。 Everyone should work hard together to rebuild the economy. 所有人都应该一起努力来重振经济。 【拓展】 build /'bild/ vt. 建造；建立；发展 前缀re- 表示“再;又”。如：rewrite重写；retell 重讲 33.local /'ləʊkl/ adj. 本地的；当地的 Later he gave it to his local museum.后来他把它交给了当地的博物馆。（P3） My uncle opened a restaurant in Shandong and hired six local waitresses. 我的叔叔在山东开了一家餐馆，雇佣了六个当地的服务员。 34.apart /ə'pɑ:t/ adv. 分离；分开；（指空间或时间）相隔；相距 We're living apart now.我们现在不住在一起。 The two houses stood 500 metres apart.两座房子相距500米。 35.take apart 拆开；拆卸 The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it. 一位老人看见一些德国人把琥珀屋拆开，移走了。（P4） When the clock stopped, he took it apart, found what was wrong, and put the whole thing together again. 钟停以后，他把它拆开，查出毛病所在，又把它重新组装了起来。 36.painting /'peɪntɪŋ/ n. [C]画作；[U]绘画 The painting which was drawn by a famous artist in the Tang Dynasty was very valuable. 这幅唐 代著名画家的画作很有价值。（P4） He is quite impressed with Picasso's paintings.他对毕加索的画作印象很深刻。 Her hobbies include music and painting.她的爱好包括音乐和绘画。 【高考链接】 I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ___(painting). （2015 全国卷I 语法填空） 答案：paintings 句意：我跳过了附近的桂林，那是游客们寻找石灰岩山顶和漓江碧水的理 想之地，这些景色在这么多的中国画作里被艺术家描绘。由本句中的many可知，此处需填 复数形式paintings。 37.castle /'kɑ:sl/ n. 城堡 Every year a large number of tourists come to visit the State Apartments of Windsor Castle, which is beautiful. 每年都有大量的游客来参观美丽的温莎城堡的国家公寓。（P4） 38.trial /'traɪəl/ n. 审判；审讯；试验 In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe. 在审判 中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。（P5） He's on trial for murder.他因涉嫌谋杀罪而受审。 We had the machine on trial for a week.这台机器我们已经试用了一个星期。 39.△ eyewitness /ai 'witnis/ n. [C] 目击者；证人 In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe. 在审判 中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。（P5） The police questioned several eyewitnesses to the murder. 警察询问了谋杀案的几位目击者. 40.evidence /'evɪdəns/ n. 根据；证据；证词 This kind of information is called evidence. 这类的信息被称为证据。（P5） We found further scientific evidence for this theory. 我们找到了进一步证实这种理论的科学根据。 I was asked to give evidence at the trial.我被要求出庭作证。 【拓展】 （1）evident /ˈevɪdənt/ adj. 明显的；显然的 There are two evident advantages of this method. 这种方法有两个明显的优点。 It's evident to me that they have no experience in this work. 在我看来,他们干这项工作没有经验是显而易见的。 （2）evidently /ˈevɪdəntli/ adv. 明显地，显而易见 Evidently, he has fallen in love with Miss Green. 显然, 他爱上了格林小姐。 41.explode /ɪk'spləʊd/ vt.&vi （使）爆炸；引爆； 勃然（大怒） In April 1945 I heard something explode at midnight. 在1945年4月午夜我听到有东西爆炸了。（P5） The bomb exploded within less than a second. 炸弹在不到一秒的时间内爆炸了。 Chinese people explode firecrackers on the Lunar New Year. 中国人在阴历新年燃放鞭炮。 Suddenly Charles exploded with anger.查尔斯勃然大怒。 【拓展】 explosion /ɪkˈspləʊʒn/ n. [C] 爆炸；（感情的）突然爆发；猛增 a bomb/nuclear/gas explosion炸弹 / 核 / 气体爆炸 300 people were injured in the explosion.有300人在爆炸中受伤。 an explosion of anger 勃然大怒 a population explosion 人口激增 42.entrance /'entrəns/ n. 入口 ；通道； 进入；进入权 To my surprise, the entrance to the mine was closed.令我惊讶的是，矿井的入口被关闭了。（P5） entrance to sth 入口（处） the entrance to the museum博物馆入口处 an entrance fee入场费 a university entrance exam大学入学考试 【拓展】 enter /ˈentə(r)/ vt. 进入；加入 Knock before you enter the room.进屋前先敲门。 to enter a school/college/university考入学校 / 学院 / 大学 Several new firms have now entered the market.有几家新公司已打入市场。 43.sailor /'seɪlə/ n. 水手；海员；船员 This sailor always keeps a journal. 这名海员经常记日志。 【拓展】 sail /seɪl/ vi. 航行; 起航 Zheng He was one of the first people to sail around the world. 郑和是最早进行环球航行的人之一。 We will sail at 2 p.m. tomorrow.我们明天下午两点起航。 Do you often go sailing?你常去驾帆船玩吗？ 44. sink /sɪŋk/ (sank,sunk; sunk,sunken) vi. 下沉；沉下；坐下；(心情)变沉重 On the voyage, the ship was attacked and sank. 在航行中，那艘船遭到袭击并沉没了。（P6） The wheels started to sink into the mud.车轮渐渐陷进泥里。 The sun was sinking in the west. 太阳西坠。 She sank into her seat, exhausted.她筋疲力尽，坐到椅子上。 Hearing the news, his heart sank. 听到这个消息，他的心情一下子很沮丧。 45.maid /meɪd/ n. 少女；女仆 They had a maid to do the housework.他们有个女仆做家务事。 A maid brought me breakfast at half past eight. 8点半女佣给我送来了早餐。 46.think highly of 看重……；对……评价高 I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room. 我很赞赏那些寻找琥珀屋的人。（P7） think much/well of 对……评价好 think /poorly/badly of认为……不好 The manager thinks well of his plan．经理对他的计划评价很好。 【注意】 当think highly/well/much /poorly/badly of用于被动语态时，副词应放在thought之前，且of 不能遗漏，即构成be highly/well/much /poorly/badly thought of短语。 His composition is highly thought of by his teacher．他的作文深受老师的赞扬。 47. informal /ɪn'fɔ:ml/ adj. 非正式的 Read the following tips for organizing an informal class debate. 阅读下面关于组织一个非正式 的课堂辩论赛的几条建议。（P7） an informal arrangement/meeting/visit /discussions / occasion 非正式的安排 / 会议 / 访问/讨论/场合 informal clothes 休闲服装。 【拓展】 （1）informally /ɪn'fɔ:məlɪ/ adv. 非正式地; 不拘礼节地 She was always there at half past eight, chatting informally to the children. 她总是8点半到那里，和孩子们亲切地闲聊。 （2）formal /ˈfɔ:ml/ adj. 正式的；正规的 The film company arranged a formal dinner after the play. 电影公司在演出结束后安排了一个正式的晚宴。 He didn't have any formal dance training. 他没受过任何正规的舞蹈训练。 （3）formally /'fɔ:məlɪ/ adv. 正式地; 正规地 The conference formally opened on June 24. 大会于6月24日正式开幕。 48.debate /dɪ 'beɪt/ ◎n．辩论；争论；讨论 Read the following tips for organizing an informal class debate. 阅读下面关于组织一个非正式 的课堂辩论赛的几条建议。（P7） The students had a heated debate on the subject．学生们就这一话题进行了激烈的辩论。 under debate正在讨论中 The suggestion is still under debate．这项建议仍旧在讨论中。 beyond/without debate 无可争论 ◎vt．&vi（尤指正式）辩论；讨论 The two sides debated whether to raise the price of school meals．双方就是否应该提高学校用 餐价格进行辩论。 debate with sb．about/on sth．就……与某人进行辩论 I debated with Mary about this problem.我和玛丽就这个问题进行了讨论。 Book2 Unit2 1.ancient /'eɪnʃənt / adj. 古代的；古老的 Where did the ancient Olympic Games start?古代奥林匹克运动会开始于何地？（P9） ancient history/civilization/ tradition/ capital古代史 /古代文明/古老的传统/古都 2.compete /kəm'pi:t/ vi. 比赛；竞争 compete in sth. 参加……比赛（竞争） How many countries competed in the ancient Olympic Games? 有多少个国家参加古代奥林匹克运动会？（P9） compete with/against sb. 同某人比赛（竞争） compete for sth. 为……比赛（竞争） Our Greek cities used to compete against each other just for the honour of winning. 我们希腊各 个城市之间曾经为了赢得荣誉而彼此竞争。（P10） 【拓展】 （1）competitor / kəmˈpetɪtə(r) / n. [C] 竞争者 Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. 只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参加奥运会。（P10） More than 10,000 competitors from different countries came to Beijing to compete with each other in the Olympic Games for medals. 来自不同国家的一万多名参赛选手来到北京参加奥 运动会为了奖牌而相互竞争。 （2）competition /ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn/ n. [C] 比赛；竞赛； [U] 竞争；角逐 Instead there are competitions like skiing and ice skating which need snow and ice. 但是却有像 滑冰和滑雪这类需要冰雪的比赛项目。（P10） in competition with与……竞争 We are in competition with four other companies for the contract. 我们在与其他四家公司竞争这项合同。 （3）competitive /kəmˈpetətɪv/ adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的 Graduates have to fight for jobs in a highly competitive market. 毕业生不得不在竞争激烈的市场上奋力争取找到工作。 We need to work harder to remain competitive with other companies. 我们必须更加努力工作以保持对其他公司具有竞争力。 3.take part in 参加；参与（没有宾语时不用介词in） Who could not take part in the ancient Olympic Games? 谁不能参加古代奥林匹克运动会？（P9） Nowadays any country can take part if their athletes are good enough. 现在只要他们的运动员达到了参赛的标准，任何国家都能参赛。（P10） 【辨析】 take part in，attend，join和join in 1.take part in多指参加群体性的活动，侧重于主语参加该活动并在其中发挥一定的作用。 How many countries took part in the last Olympic Games? 有多少国家参加了上届奥运会？ 2.attend一般指参加或出席会议、典礼、招待会等，也可指上学、上课、听演讲或讲座等。 She didn't attend her classes yesterday．她昨天没去上学。 3.join通常指加入“组织，团体”或“某些人”中，并成为其中的一员； 也可指加入到某些人中，一起做活动，即join sb．in（doing）sth.。 He joined the football club two years ago．两年前他加入了足球俱乐部。 Will you join us in the game? 和我们一起做游戏好吗？ 4.join in和take part in一样，指参加某一活动,take part in稍正式些。join in 也可作不及物动词短语，其后不跟宾语。 I hope you'll all join in the discussion。我希望你们都参加讨论。 No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women! 别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加。（P10） 4.medal /'medl/ n. [C] 奖章；勋章；纪念章 Who was China's first gold medal winner and for what event? 谁是中国第一个获得奥运会金牌的运动员？获奖的比赛项目是什么？（P9） China won 26 gold medals in the 31st Olympic Games.中国在第31届奥运会上夺得26枚金牌。 The United States was at the top of the medal table. 美国在奖牌榜上位列第一。 5.stand for ①代表；象征 What do the five rings on the Olympic flag stand for? 奥林匹克运动会旗上的五环代表什么？（P9） The olive wreath stands for peace.橄榄枝花环象征着和平。 ②容忍；忍受（=tolerate/stand/put up with） Ican’t stand for this rudeness.我不能容忍这种无礼举动。 She will not stand for her husband returning home after midnight． 她不能容忍丈夫半夜之后才回家。 6.△ mascot /'mæskət; 'mæskɒt/ n. 吉祥物 What are the official mascots for the Beijing Olympics? 北京奥林匹克运动会的官方吉祥物是什么？（P9） 7.magical /'mædʒɪkl/ adj. 巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的 Pausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2,000 years ago, has come on a magical journey on March 18th 2007 to find out about the present-day Olympic Games. 帕萨尼亚斯是大约2000年前的一位希腊作家，他于2007年3月18日作了一次魔幻旅行， 来打听当代奥林匹克运动会的情况。（P9） magical powers 魔力 Her words had a magical effect on us.她的话对我们有一种魔力般的作用。 【拓展】 （1）magically /'mædʒɪklɪ/ adv. 如魔法般地；用魔法地 （2）magic /ˈmædʒɪk/ ◎n. 魔法; 巫术; 魔力 He suddenly appeared as if by magic .他突然神奇地出现了。 ◎adj. 魔术的; 幻术的 Many people are interested in magic shows.许多人对魔术表演感兴趣。 His secret hobby is performing magic tricks. 他私底下的爱好是变戏法。 （3）magician /məˈdʒɪʃn/ n. 魔术师; 巫师; 变戏法的人 8.volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ ◎n. [C] 志愿者；义务工作者；自告奋勇者 He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games. 他正在采访一个2008年奥林匹克运动会志愿者李岩。（P9） Schools need volunteers to help children to read.学校需要义务工作者帮助儿童阅读。 Any volunteers? 有没有人自告奋勇？ ◎vt. & vi. 自愿做；义务做；主动建议 volunteer to do sth．自愿/主动提出做某事 Aunt Mary volunteered to clean up the kitchen. 玛丽阿姨主动要求清扫厨房。 volunteer for sth 自愿为……服务 He volunteered for the military service. 他自愿服兵役。 【拓展】 voluntary /ˈvɒləntri/ adj. 自愿的； 志愿的；义务的 She often does voluntary labor during holidays. 放假时她常去参加义务劳动. 9.homeland /'həʊmlænd/ n. 祖国；本国 I’ve come to your time to find out about the present-day Olympic Games because I know that in 2004 they were held in my homeland.现在我来到你们这个时代，想了解有关当代奥运会的情 况，因为我知道2004年奥运会是在我的祖国举行的。（P9） Many scientists returned to their homeland with the purpose of serving their own people. 许多科学家返回祖国，意在为祖国人民服务。 10.regular /'reɡjʊlə/ adj. ①定期的；有规律的; 定时的 There are two main sets of Games-the Winter and Summer Olympics, and both are held every four years on a regular basis. 运动会有两种：夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会。这两种运动会都是四年举行一次。（P10） There is a regular bus service to the airport.有班车定时发往机场。 You'd better take regular exercise．你最好定期做运动。 regular breathing 均匀的呼吸 a regular pulse/heartbeat 正常的脉搏 / 心跳 regular meetings/visits例行会议 / 访问 ②经常做某事的；常去某地的 These old women are our regular customers.这些老太太是我们的老主顾。 He was a regular visitor to her house.他是她家的常客。 【拓展】 regularly /'reɡjʊləli/ adv. 有规律地；按时地；定期地 To keep fit, it is important to exercise regularly and eat wisely. 为了保持健康，有规律地锻炼和有节制地饮食是很重要的。 The students meet regularly to learn Japanese. 这些学生定期聚在一起学习日语。 【高考链接】 Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks _____________(regular). （2016全国卷II语法填空） 答案：regularly句意：最近的研究显示，如果我们在工作时有规律地做短暂休息，我们会更 加高效。修饰动词短语take short breaks应用副词regularly。 11.basis /'beɪsɪs/ n.[C] (pl bases) 基础；根据 There are two main sets of Games-the Winter and Summer Olympics, and both are held every four years on a regular basis. 运动会有两种：夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会。这两种运动会都是 每四年举行一次。（P10） Trust is the basis of a good marriage .信任是美满婚姻的基础。 on a regular basis 定期地；经常地 The equipment is checked on a regular basis .设备定期进行检查。 on the basis of 以……为基础；以……为基准 We can’t choose friends on the basis of how much money they have, of course. 当然我们不能以钱多少来选择朋友。 【拓展】 base /beɪs/ vt. 以……为根据；以……为基础 n. 基部；基地；基础 12.athlete /'æθli:t/ n.[C] 运动员；运动选手 Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors.只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参加奥运会。（P10） Long Ping is not only a great athlete but also an outstanding coach. 郎平不但是一位伟大的运动员而且是杰出的教练。 【拓展】 athletic /æθˈletɪk/ adj. 运动员的; 运动的; 体格健壮的 an athletic club/coach运动员俱乐部 / 教练 She is a tall, slim athletic girl.她是一位修长健美的姑娘。 13.△athletics /æθˈletɪks/ n. [U] 体育运动; 竞技 Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics, athletics, team sports and … 妇女不仅允许参加，而且她们还在体操、竞技和团队等比赛项目中起着非常重要的作 用……（P10） 14.gymnastics /dʒim'næstiks/ n. [U] 体操；体操运动 Gymnastics is his favorite sport. 体操是他最喜爱的运动. 15.gymnasium (gym) /dʒɪm'neɪzɪəm/ (/dʒɪm/) n. [C] 体育馆；健身房 For each Olympics, a special village is built for them to live in, a main reception building, several stadiums for competitions, and a gymnasium as well. 每届奥运会都有一个特殊的村庄（奥运村）供参赛的人住，一个主要的接待大楼，好几个供 比赛用的体育场，还有一个室内体育馆。（P10） Our school has a big gymnasium. 我们学校有座大型体育馆. 16.admit /əd'mɪt/ vt. & vi. ①准许……进入；接收（入学）；准许……加入 be admitted as… 被接纳为…… Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors.只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参加奥运会。（P10） be admitted to/into… 被……录取；被……接纳 A third of students in our school are admitted to key universities every year. 每年我们学校三分之一的学生考入重点大学。 ②承认；招认 Though they were defeated，they refused to admit failure． 虽然他们被击败了，但他们拒绝承认失败。 admit( to) doing sth．/having done sth．承认做了某事 admit+ that从句 承认…… He admitted stealing my bike. = He admitted having stolen my bike. = He admitted that he had stolen my bike. 他承认偷了我的自行车。 【拓展】 admission /ədˈmɪʃn/ n. 准许进入; 承认; 入场费 She failed to gain admission to the university of her choice.她未获自己选择的大学录取。 By her own admission, she was responsible for the accident. 她自己承认, 事故应该由她负责. The admission price is $8 for adults. 成人门票8美元。 17.slave /sleɪv/ n. [C]奴隶；完全受（某事物）控制的人 No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women! 别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加。（P10） We are slaves of the mobile phone.我们离不了手机。 【拓展】 slavery /ˈsleɪvəri/ n. 奴隶身份; 奴隶制度 The Americans abolished slavery in 1863. 美国于1863年废除奴隶制度. 18.nowadays /'naʊədeɪz/ adv. （与过去比较）现今；现在 Nowadays any country can take part if their athletes are good enough. 现在只要他们的运动员达到了参赛的标准，任何国家都能参赛。（P10） Nowadays most kids prefer watching TV to reading. 现在大多数孩子都喜欢看电视而不喜欢读书。 19.stadium /'steɪdɪəm/ n. [C]（露天大型）体育场(pl stadiums or stadia) For each Olympics, a special village is built for them to live in, a main reception building, several stadiums for competitions, and a gymnasium as well. 每届奥运会都有一个特殊的村庄（奥运村）供参赛的人住，一个主要的接待大楼，好几个供 比赛用的体育场，还有一个室内体育馆。（P10） a football/sports stadium足球 / 运动场 20.as well 也；又；还（为副词性短语，通常放在句末） I'd like a cup of coffee，and a glass of water as well．我要一杯咖啡，还要一杯水。 1 want to go to the cinema tonight，and he wants to as well． 我今天晚上想去看电影，他也想去。 【辨析】 as well，too，also，either和as well as as well，too，also,和either，都用作副词，意思均为“也”。 1.as well一般用于肯定句，通常放在句末，一般不用逗号隔开。 I have been to the World Expo as well．我也去过世博会。 2.too用于肯定句，一般置于句末，可以用逗号隔开。 I have been to the World Expo too. 我也去过世博会。 I have been to the World Expo，too. 我也去过世博会。 3.also用于肯定句，常位于实义动词之前，be动词、助动词和情态动词之后。 I have also been to the World Expo．我也去过世博会。 4.either用于否定句，且常位于句末。 I have not been to the World Expo，either．我也没去过世博会。 5.as well as是连词，连接两个并列成分。如果连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与其前 面的名词或代词保持一致。 He gave me money as well as advice. 他给了我钱，也给了建议。 Tom, as well as his friends, goes skating every Saturday. 每个星期六，汤姆和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。 21.host /həʊst/ ◎ vt. 做东；主办；主持；招待 Does anyone want to host the Olympic Games?会有人想承办奥运会吗？（P10） He has dreamed of hosting a pop music programmer.他梦想着主持一个流行音乐节目。 I will help host the guests when they arrive．客人来时我会帮忙招待的。 ◎ n．[C] 主人；东道主；（电视或广播的）节目主持人 Our host introduced us to the other guests.主人把我们介绍给了其他客人。 I am the host of a live radio programme. 我是一个电台直播节目的主持人。 【拓展】 hostess /ˈhəʊstəs/ n.[C] 女主人; （电视或广播节目的）女主持人; Mary was always the perfect hostess.玛丽总是最殷勤的女主人。 22.responsibility /rɪspɒnsə'bɪlətɪ/ n. [C,U]责任；职责 It’s a great responsibility but also a great honor to be chosen. 被选中不仅要承担巨大的责任同时也享有极大的荣誉。（P10） rights and responsibilities 权利和义务 responsibility for (doing) sth. （做）……的责任 The bank refuses to accept responsibility for the mistake.银行拒绝为这一错误承担责任。 We need to take responsibility for looking after our own health. 我们必须对自己的健康负责。 responsibility to do sth. 做……的责任 As parents we have a responsibility to give our children a sense of belonging. 作为父母，我们有责任给孩子一种归属感。 【拓展】 （1）responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ adj. 承担责任的; 负有责任的 We would have thought he would have a more responsible attitude. 我们本以为他会采取更负责的态度。 be responsible for sth. 对某事物负责任; 是……的起因 The school is legally responsible for your child's safety. 学校对你的孩子负有法律上的安全责任。 Human activity is responsible for air pollution.空气污染是因人类活动引起的。 （2）responsibly /rɪˈspɒnsəbli/ adv. 负责地; 有责任感地 You are no longer a child and should behave responsibly. 你不再是个孩子了，应该负责任地行事。 20.△ olive /'ɒlɪv/ n. 橄榄树；橄榄叶；橄榄枝；橄榄色 So even the olive wreath has been replaced！ 因此就连橄榄枝花环也被取代了！（P10） 21.△ wreath /rɪ:θ/ n. 花圈；花冠；圈状物 So even the olive wreath has been replaced！ 因此就连橄榄枝花环也被取代了！（P10） 23.replace /rɪ'pleɪs/ vt. ①取代；替换；代替 (= take the place of) So even the olive wreath has been replaced!因此就连橄榄枝花环也被取代了！（P10） Nothing can replace a mother's love and care. 没有东西能取代母亲的爱和关怀。 replace sb./sth. with/by sb./sth. 用……替换；以……接替 Teachers will never be replaced by computers in the classroom.课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。 ②放回……原处 (=put sth. back) I replaced the cup carefully in the saucer.我小心翼翼地将杯子放回茶碟。 24.motto /'mɒtəʊ/ n. 座右铭；格言；警句 That’s the motto of the Olympics, you know-“Swifter, Higher and Stronger.” 你知道，奥运会的口号就是“更快，更高，更强”。 （P10） The school's motto is: “Duty, Honor, Country ”.这所学校的校训是：“责任、荣誉、国家”。 25.△ similarity / sɪmə'lærətɪ/ n. 相像性；相似点(反义词difference) Scan the passage to find out the characteristics and similarities of the ancient and modern Olympics.浏览文章，找到古代奥运会和现代奥运会的特点和相似之处。（P11） There was a wonderful similarity between the twins. 这对孪生儿十分相像。 【拓展】 （1）similar /ˈsɪmələ(r)/ adj. 类似的; 相似的 The brothers look very similar.弟兄几个长得很像。 We have similar tastes in music. 我们对音乐的品味相近。 be similar to sb./sth. 和某人/某物相似 My opinions on the matter are similar to yours.我对这件事的见解和你的差不多。 （2）similarly /ˈsɪmələli/ adv. 相似地; 类似地; 同样 The brothers dress similarly. 兄弟俩穿得差不多. Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise. Similarly, our minds are developed by learning. 参加锻炼可以增强我们的体质。同样，学习可以开发我们的智力。 26.charge /tʃɑ:dʒ/ ◎ v. ① vt. & vi. 收费; （向…）要价 charge (sb./sth.) for sth. Do you think museums should charge for admission?你认为博物馆应该收入场费吗？ We won't charge you for delivery.我们送货不收费。 ② vt. 指控; 控告; 指责 charge sb with (doing) sth. He was charged with murder.他被指控犯有谋杀罪。 ③ vt. 给(电池)充电 I often forget to charge the battery. 我经常忘了给电池充电。 In just minutes a day, plug in and charge your iPhone quickly. 每天仅用几分钟，插上电源，给你的苹果手机快速充电。 ◎ n. ①[U]主管，掌管 in charge 主管；负责 Who's in charge here? 这儿谁管事啊？ in charge of 负责/掌管……（主语通常为人） in the charge of 由……负责/掌管（主语通常为物） Mr. Zhang was in charge of the project. 张先生负责这项工程。 The project was in the charge of Mr. Zhang. 这项工程是由张先生负责的。 take charge of 负责/掌管…… He took charge of the farm after his father's death.父亲死后，他接管了农场。 ② [C，U]费用；收费；要价 The monthly charge for this service is only $29.这项服务的收费每月仅为29美元。 free of charge免费 If you buy this machine, the delivery is free of charge．如果你买这台机器，我们将免费送货。 ③[C，U]指控；控告 a murder charge 谋杀罪的指控 He has admitted the charge and will be sentenced later. 他已经认罪，会在晚些时候宣判。 23. physical /'fɪzɪkl/ adj. 身体的；物理的 special hall for physical exercise体育锻炼专用馆（P12） The illness has affected both her mental and physical health.这种疾病损害了她的身心健康。 Physical Education（P E）体育 physical laws 物理定律 【拓展】 physics /ˈfɪzɪks/ n. 物理学; 物理 He has studied physics in Beijing University for two years. 他在北京大学物理系学习两年了。 Physics has hurt me a thousand times, but I still regard it as my first love. 物理伤我千百遍，我待物理如初恋。 27.fine /faɪn/ ◎ vt. 罚款 No smoking will be allowed. If you are discovered, you will be fined. 禁止吸烟。如果发现，你将被罚款。（P13） She was fined for speeding.她因超速而被罚款。 ◎ n.[C] 罚款 a parking fine违规停车罚款 She has already paid over $2 000 in fines.她已经付了2000多元罚金。 ◎ adj. 好的; 健康的 It was his finest hour as manager of the England team.那是他作为英格兰队教练的鼎盛时期。 I was not feeling fine when I got up this morning.今天早上我起床时感觉不舒服。 28.poster /'pəʊstə/ n.[C] 海报；招贴 Now you are asked to make a poster to advertise a sporting event. 现在请你制作一张海报，为 体育赛事做广告。（P13） There is a poster about the art festival. 有一张关于艺术节的海报。 29.advertise /'ædvətaɪz/ vt. & vi. ① 为…做广告;宣传 Now you are asked to make a poster to advertise a sporting event. 现在请你制作一张海报，为 体育赛事做广告。（P13） If you want to attract more customers, try advertising in the local paper. 如果你要吸引更多顾客，就试试在当地报纸登广告。 to advertise a product/a business/your services做广告宣传产品 / 企业 / 你的服务项目 ②（在报纸、电视、互联网等上） 登广告招募; 登广告征求 advertise for sb./sth. We are advertising for a new sales manager.我们公开征聘一位新的销售经理。 I shall advertise for someone to go with me. 我将登广告寻人和我同去。 【拓展】 （1）advertisement /ədˈvɜ:tɪsmənt/ (缩写为ad) n. [C] 广告;宣传 Put an advertisement in the local paper to sell your car. 在当地报纸登一则广告来出售你的汽车。 Nowadays, advertisements can be found everywhere . 现在, 到处都可以看到广告。 （2）advertising /ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ/ n. [U] 广告活动；广告业；做广告 Cigarette advertising has been banned.香烟广告已遭禁止。 Players should not be allowed to earn money from advertising. 不应允许运动员拍广告挣钱。 30.△ princess /prɪn'ses/ n. 公主；王妃 Atlanta was a Greek princess. 亚特兰大是一位希腊公主。（P14） Princess Diana was a commoner before marrying the prince. 在嫁给王子以前，黛安娜王妃是个平民。 31.△ prince /prɪns/ n. 王子 Many kings and princes wanted to marry Atlanta许多国王和王子想要娶阿特兰大。（P14） 32.glory /'ɡlɒ:rɪ/ n. ① [U]光荣；荣誉 But she was not allowed to run and win glory for herself in the Olympic Games. 但是她却不被允许在奥运会上参加比赛为自己赢得荣誉。（P14） I do all the work and he gets all the glory.活儿都是我干，荣誉都是他得。 ② [C] 引以为荣的事物 The temple is one of the glories of ancient Greece.这座庙宇是古希腊的一大骄傲。 33.bargain /'bɑ:ɡɪn/ ◎n．[C] 协议；减价品; 便宜货 Her father said that she must marry, so Atlanta made a bargain with him. 她的父亲说她必须结婚，于是亚特兰大就和她的父亲达成了一个协议。（P14） I picked up a few good bargains in the sale.我在促销期间买了几样挺不错的便宜货。 This jacket is a real bargain at such a Iow price. 这件夹克售价这么低，真划算。 ◎ vi. 讨价还价；讲条件 bargain with sb．over/about/for sth．就……与某人讨价还价/讲条件 We do not like to bargain with you about the prices. 我们不想就价格问题与你讨价还价. 34.hopeless /'həʊplɪs/ adj. 没有希望的；绝望的 Many kings and princes wanted to marry Atlanta, but when they heard of her rules they knew it was hopeless. 很多国王和王子想要娶亚特兰大，不过当他们听到这个规定的时候他们就知 道自己是没有希望的。（P14） Most of the students are making good progress, but Mike is a hopeless case . 大多数学生都很有进步，唯有迈克不可救药。 【拓展】 （1）hopelessly adv. 绝望地; 无望地 （2）hopeful adj. 有希望的 （3）hopefully adv. 有希望地; 有前途地; 抱有希望地 35.foolish /'fu:lɪʃ/ adj. 愚蠢的；傻的 Why are these men so foolish? 为什么这些男的都这么愚蠢呢？（P14） She's just a vain, foolish woman.她不过是个愚蠢自负的女人。 【拓展】 （1）fool /fu:l/ ◎n.[C] 蠢人；傻瓜 I was a fool to have believed her.我是个傻瓜，竟然真的相信了她的话。 ◎vt. 欺骗；愚弄 Don't be fooled by his appearance. 别被他的外表欺骗了。 fool sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事 They tried to fool me into believing their promises.他们设法骗我相信他们的承诺。 （2）foolishly /'fu:lɪʃlɪ/ adv. 愚蠢地；可笑地 He admitted that he had acted foolishly. 他承认自己的行为很愚蠢。 36.△ goddess /'ɡɒdɪs/ n. 女神；被崇拜的女人 He went to ask the Greek Goodness of Love for help.他去向希腊爱情女神求助。（P14） She dreamed of becoming a Hollywood screen goddess. 她梦想成为好莱坞的银幕女神。 【拓展】 god /gɒd/ n. 上帝；男神; 被极度崇敬的人[物] God bless you. 上帝保佑你。 To his fans he was a god. 对他的狂热崇拜者来说，他就是男神。 Money is his god. 钱就是他的命。 37.pain /peɪn/ n. [U,C] 疼痛；痛苦；苦恼；辛劳 She made as many men as she could share her pain.她让尽可能多的男人分担她的痛苦。（P14） He felt a sharp pain in his knee.他感到膝盖一阵剧痛。 Pains do not necessarily lead to gains.辛劳并不必然就有收获。 【拓展】 （1）painful /ˈpeɪnfl/ adj. 疼痛的; 痛苦的; 费力的 Is your back still painful?你的背还疼吗？ a painful experience/memory痛苦的经历 / 回忆 （2）painfully /ˈpeɪnfəli/ adv. 痛苦地；费力地；非常地 The dog was painfully thin .那条狗瘦得可怜。 38.one after another 陆续地；一个接一个地；接二连三地 He threw the golden apples one after another.他一个接一个地扔金苹果。（P15） The guests came one after another. 客人们陆续来了。 The bills kept coming in, one after another.账单纷至沓来。 【拓展】 one by one逐一; 逐个地; 一个一个地 She talked to them one by one. 她逐一地和他们谈话。 The doorman allowed the people in one by one. 看门人的让人们一个一个进去。 39.deserve / dɪˈzɜ:v / vi. & vt. 应受（报答或惩罚）；值得 Do you think Hippomenes deserved to win the race? 你认为希波墨涅斯应该赢得这场比赛吗？（P15） I really don't deserve such an honor. 愧不敢当。 It's your money. You deserve it.这钱归你，你该拿这个钱。 deserve to do sth. 应该/值得做某事 We have better players so we deserve to win the game.我们有更好的选手，因此我们应该获胜。 deserve doing = deserve to be done 值得被做 The plan deserves careful consideration.= The plan deserves considering carefully. =The plan deserves to be considered carefully. 这个计划值得认真考虑。 40.△ striker /'straɪkə/ n. 敲击者；（足球的）前锋 I especially like playing on the wing like Beckham but being a striker is good as well. 我尤其喜欢像贝克汉姆一样踢边锋，不过踢前锋也很好。（P16） Book2 Unit3 1.△ abacus /'æbəkəs/ n. 算盘 2.△ calculator /'kælkjʊleɪtə/ n. 计算器 3.△ PC (=personal computer) 个人电脑；个人计算机 4.△ laptop /'læptɔp/ n. 手提电脑 5.△ PDA (personal digital assistant) 掌上电脑；个人数码助理 6.△ analytical /ænə'lɪtɪkl/ adj. 分析的 7.calculate /'kælkjʊleɪt/ vt. 计算；估计；预测 calculating machine计算机器 （P17） Let me calculate the cost of the journey. 让我计算一下旅途的用费。 You have to calculate the advantages and disadvantages before making a decision. 在做出决定前你必须估计利弊。 Theexperts calculate that the markets for these computers will expand by60% in the next three years. 专家预测，在未来的三年中这种计算机的市场会扩大60% 。 【拓展】 （1）calculation /ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn/ n. 计算；盘算； 估计 He is good at math calculations.他擅长数学算术。 You mustn't do things without calculation. 你不能做事情没个盘算。 （2） calculator /ˈkælkjuleɪtə(r)/ n. 计算器; 计算者 I calculated my expenses with a calculator. 我用计算器算出开支的金额。 He is a rapid calculator. 他是个算得很快的人。 8.universal /ˌju:nɪˈvɜ:sl / adj. 普遍的；通用的；宇宙的 universal machine通用机器（P17） Smile is the most universal facial expression.微笑是最普遍通用的面部表情。 AIDS is a universal disease. 艾滋病是全球性的疾病。 【拓展】 （1）universally /ˌju:nɪˈvɜ:səli/ adv. 普遍地; 一般地 The theory is universally accepted. 这个理论得到普遍接受。 （2）universe /ˈju:nɪvɜ:s/ n. 宇宙 People have always been curious about how the universe began. 人们一直对宇宙的起源感到好奇。 9.simplify /'sɪmplɪfaɪ/ vt. 简化 Although I was young I could simplify difficult sums. 尽管当时我还年轻，但是我能简化一些复杂的数学题。（P18） Try to simplify your explanation for the children. 你给孩子们讲解要设法讲得简单明了。 【拓展】 （1）simple /ˈsɪmpl/ adj. 简单的; 容易的 It is very simple to be happy, but it is very difficult to be simple. 快乐很简单，但要做到简单却很难。 This machine is very simple to use.这台机器操作非常简单。 （2）simply /ˈsɪmpli/ adv. 简单地；（引出概括或解释）不过；仅仅 The book explains grammar simply and clearly.这本书对语法解释得简明扼要。 Running a company is not simply a matter of hiring people — they also need to be trained. 经营一家公司不仅仅是雇用工人的问题：他们也需要被培训。 10.sum /sʌm/ ◎[C] n. 算术题；总数；金额 The sum of 7 and 12 is 19. 7加12的和是19。 a large sum of / large sums of money 一大笔钱 in sum总之;总而言之 In sum, China and America are now true economic partners. 总而言之，中国和美国目前是真正的经济合作伙伴。 ◎vt.& vi. 总计；总结； 概括（summed；summed；summing） sum up总结；概括 Willyou please sum up the main ideas of this article? 请把这篇文章的大意归纳一下。 to sum up总之；总的来说 To sum up, we have to work still harder. 总之，我们还得更加努力地工作。 【拓展】 summary /ˈsʌməri/ n. 摘要；概要；总结 Here's a summary of the day's news. 下面是今日新闻简报。 In summary , this was a disappointing performance.总的来说，这场演出令人失望。 11.operator /'ɒpəreɪtə(r) / n. 操作员；接线员; （企业的）经营者 After I was programmed by an operator who used cards with holes, I could “think” logically and produce an answer quicker than any person. 在操作员用穿卡孔为我设计程序后，我能够进行 逻辑“思考”，并且能够比任何人更快地算出答案。（P18） a computer/machine operator电脑 / 机器操作员 Operator, I want to make a long distance call. 话务员, 我要打长途电话。 As a manager or business operator, what would you do to increase the quality of your products? 作为一个经理或企业经营者，你怎样提高产品质量呢？ 【拓展】 （1）operate /ˈɒpəreɪt/ ①vt.& vi. 运转; 操作; 经营 The machine operates well. 机器运转很好。 What skills are needed to operate this machine?操作这种机器需要什么技能？ His father now operates a big farm. 他的父亲经营着一家大农场。 ②vi. （对…）动手术; 动手术 operate on… 给某人/某个部位动手术 The doctor will have to operate on him/his eyes.医生不得不给他/他的眼睛动手术。 （2）operation /ˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/ n. 操作; 经营; 手术 Operation of the machine is extremely simple.这个机器的操作非常简单。 Thisfirm uses the most modern methods of operation in its business. 这家公司采用了最现代的经营方法。 He is beginning to pick up after the operation. 手术后他的病有了起色。 12.logical /'lɒdʒɪkl / adj. 合逻辑的；合情理的 Computer programming needs someone with a logical mind. 计算机编程需要擅长逻辑思维的人。 It is logical that the houses near a school are more expensive. 学区房更贵是自然的。 logically /'lɒdʒɪklɪ / adv. 逻辑上；合逻辑地；有条理地 To write a good article you must first organize your ideas logically. 要写出好文章，必须先从逻辑上理顺思绪。 【拓展】 （1）illogical /ɪ'lɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 不合逻辑的 Some of his arguments are illogical. 他的一些论证是不合逻辑的. （2）illogically /ɪ'lɒdʒɪklɪ/ adv. 不合逻辑地 She acted illogically under the pressure. 压力之下她表现得有些反常。 注意：以字母l开头的形容词或副词，其反义词加前缀il-。如： legal adj. 合法的----- illegal adj. 不合法的 legally adv. 合法地---- illegally adv. 不法地 13.technology / tekˈnɒlədʒi / n.[U] 工艺；科技；技术 Technology is changing fast.科技日新月异。 My brother studied IT (information technology) in Beijing University. 我的哥哥在北大学习信息技术。 【拓展】 （1）technological / ˌteknə'lɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 科技的 At that time it was considered a technological revolution. 那时这被当作是一次技术革命。（P18） His parents are scientific and technological workers. 他的父母都是科技工作者. （2）technologically /ˌteknə'lɒdʒɪklɪ/ adv. 技术上地 America is the world's most technologically advanced nation. 美国是世界上技术上最先进的国家。 14.revolution /revə'lu:ʃn/ n.[C,U] 革命; 巨变 the French Revolution 法国革命 A revolution in information technology is taking place.信息技术正在发生巨变。 【拓展】 revolutionary /ˌrevəˈlu:ʃənəri/ ◎adj. 革命的; 创新的 The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. 他对旧理论的修改是具有革命性的。 ◎n. 革命者；革新者 MaoDun is not only a writer, but also a revolutionary. 茅盾不仅是个作家，而且是个革命者。 15.artificial /ɑ:tɪ'fɪʃl/ adj. 人造的；假的 artificial intelligence 人工智能（P18） Thecrystal is natural, not artificial. 这块水晶是天然的，不是人造的。 15.intelligence /ɪn'telɪdʒəns/ n. [U]智力；聪明；智能 a person of high/average/low intelligence智力高的 / 一般的 / 低下的人 【拓展】 intelligent /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/ adj. 智能的； 聪明的；有智力的 intelligent computer/software/systems智能计算机/ 软件 / 系统 Anne was intelligent and passed her exams easily. 安妮很聪明，轻松通过了考试。 People are always interested in searching for intelligent life on other planets. 人们对探索其他行星上的有智力的生命很感兴趣。 16.solve /sɒlv/ vt. 解决；解答 In 1936 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem. 在1936年，我真正的父亲艾 伦·图灵写了一本书，讲述了怎样使我成为一台“通用机器”来解决任何数学难题。（P18） We'll have to think of a way to solve the problem. 我们得想个法子解决这个问题. to solve a puzzle/mystery解难题/解开奥秘 【拓展】 solution /səˈlu:ʃn/ n. [C] 解决 solution to sth 解决某事的办法 There's no simple solution to this problem.这个问题没有简单的解决办法。 We are trying to find solutions to global fuel shortage. 我们正设法找到解决全球能源短缺的办法。 17.△ mathematical /mæθə'mætɪkl/ adj. 数学的 mathematical calculations/problems/models数学计算 / 问题 / 模型 He has a mathematical mind. 他有数学头脑。 【拓展】 mathematics /ˌmæθəˈmætɪks/ n. 数学（= maths /math） Mathematics/ Maths /Math is not easy for a girl to learn.数学对于女生来说不容易学。 18.from … on 从……时起 From then on, I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower. 从那时起，我在体积和脑容量方面迅速成长。（P18） from then / now on从那时/现在起 Jack failed his exams last term and from then on his parents stopped him from playing computer games. 杰克上学期考试不及格，从那时起他的父母就不再让他玩电脑游戏了。 From now on we'll study hard. 从现在起,我们要好好学习. 19.reality /rɪ'ælətɪ/ n. [C,U] 真实；事实；现实 However, this reality also worried my designers. 但是，这个现实也使得我的设计者很担心。（P18） She refuses to face reality .她不肯面对现实。 reality TV show n. 电视真人秀 in reality实际上，事实上 We thought he was serious but in reality he was joking. 我们认为他是认真的，但事实上他是在开玩笑。 【拓展】 （1）real /ˈri:əl/ adj. 真的；真实的；现实的 Global warming is a real problem. 全球变暖是个真实存在的问题。 The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn well. 对于好的教学的真正回报是看到学生学好知识。 （2）really /ˈri:əli/ adv. 真正地； 真实地；确实 I can't believe I am really going to meet my favorite singer. 我不敢相信我真的要见到我最喜爱的歌手了。 Now I really must go.我确实得走了。 （3）realize /ˈri:əlaɪz/ vt. 实现；了解；意识到 She realized her dream of becoming a singer.她实现了成为一名歌手的梦想。 I didn't realize that you were so unhappy.我没有察觉到你那么不开心。 （4）realization /ˌri:əlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. 实现; 领会 Let's pull together for the early realization of theChinese Dream. 为了早日实现中国梦，让我们齐心协力地干吧。 20.△ designer /dɪ'zaɪnə/ n. 设计师 However, this reality also worried my designers. 但是，这个现实也使得我的设计者很担心。（P18） 21.personal /'pɜ:sənl/ adj. 私人的；个人的；亲自的；人际的 a PC (= personal computer) 个人电脑（P18） personal opinion/ experience个人意见/经历 one's personal life 某人的私生活 She's a personal friend of mine. 她是我的闺蜜。 Having good personal relationships is the most important thing for me. 拥有良好的人际关系对我最为重要。 22.personally /'pɜ:sənlɪ/ adv. 就个人而言；亲自 Personally, I think the team that won first place cheated. 我个人认为得冠军的那个队作弊了。 Personally, I am very satisfied with his work. 就个人而言，我对他的工作很满意。 I handed the letter to him personally. 我亲自把这封信交给了他。 23.tube /tju:b/ n. 管；管子；电子管; 地铁 First it was stored in tubes, then on transistors and later on very small chips. 最初是被存储到电 子管中，以后是晶体管上，后来是非常小的芯片上。（P18） a tube of toothpaste. 一管牙膏 You may get to the railway station by tube. 你可以乘地铁到火车站. 24.△ transistor /træn'zɪstə/ n. 晶体管 25.△ chip /tʃɪp/ n. 碎片；芯片 26.as a result 结果；因此 As a result, I totally changed my shape. 因此，我已经完全改变了我的形状。（P18） Many students spend too little time on sports. As a result, their health has suffered.许多学生在 体育锻炼上花的时间太少，导致健康水平下降。 China has set up a number of reserves to protect bamboo areas and , as a result, the number of pandas has increased.中国建立了若干个竹林保护区，因此，大熊猫在数量上有所增长。 as a result of由于……的结果 In Jiuzhaigou, more than 20 people were killed as a result of the earthquake. 在九寨沟，有20 多人由于地震而丧生。 【高考链接】 1.As _____ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. （2017 全国卷I 语法填空） 答案：a 句意：结果人们会吃更多的食物来弥补缺失的东西。as a result为固定搭配，意为” 结果”。 2. There had been a terrible accident on the highway and, for a result, there was a long line of traffic for at least six miles. （2012辽宁卷 短文改错） 答案：for-- as句意：路上发生了一起可怕的事故，结果，堵车达到至少六英里。as a result 为固定搭配，意为”结果”。 27.total /'təʊtl/ ◎adj. [常用于名词前] 总计的（金额等）; 全部的; 完全的 The total cost of the project would be more than $240 million. 该项目的总成本会超过 2.4 亿美元。 You were a total failure if you hadn't married by the time you were forty. 如果到了四十岁还没结婚，你就是个彻底的失败者。 ◎n. 总计，总数; 全体数量 The companies have a total of 1,776 employees. 这些公司总计有 1,776 名员工。 in total总共 In total, China won 26 gold, 18 silver and 26 bronze medals in the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. 在2016里约奥运会上，中国一共获得了26枚金牌,18枚银牌和26枚铜牌。 ◎vt.& vi. 总计达，计算…的总数 The exports will total $85 million this year. 今年的出口总额将达 8,500 万美元。 【拓展】 totally /'təʊtlɪ/ adv. 完全地；整个地（= completely） They come from totally different cultures.他们来自完全不同的文化。 The town was totally destroyed in the earthquake. 那个镇子在地震中完全被毁了。 28.so … that … 如此……以致于…… Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told! 随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，从来 不会忘记告诉我的任何事情！（P18） And my memory became so large that even I couldn’t believe it! 我的存储容量变得如此巨大， 连我自己都不能相信！（P18） 【辨析】 so … that … 和 such… that… so … that … 和such… that…都可以引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以致于……”。它们的区 别主要有四点： （1）修饰形容词或副词时，只用so。 The weather was so cold that I didn’t like to leave my room.天气太冷了，我都不想离开房间。 He ran so quickly that we all couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得很快，我们都追不上他。 （2）后接单数可数名词时，用so和such都可以，但是冠词的位置不同： so+形容词+a/ an+可数名词单数+that从句；such +a/ an+形容词+可数名词单数+that从句。 Mike is so honest a worker/ such an honest worker that we all believe him. 迈克是一个很诚实 的人，我们都很信任他。 （3）后接复数名词或不可数名词时，只用such。 They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again. 这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。 He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him. 他进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。 （4）当复数名词前有many（多的）、few（少的）修饰，不可数名词前有much（多的）、little （少的）修饰时，则用so。 There were so many people in the street that firefighters could not get close to the building. 街 上有那么多人，以致于消防队员无法接近大楼. She had so few friends that she was lonely and unhappy. 她几乎没什么朋友，很孤独不开心。 I have so little money that I cannot afford a car. 我的钱太少，买不起车。 注：若little表示“小的”时，要用such。 He is such a little boy that he can’t lift the box. 他是这么小的小小孩，提不到那个箱子。 【高考链接】 Pahlsson screamed _____ loudly that her daughter came running from the house.（2017浙江卷 语法填空） 答案：so 句意：帕欧森尖叫的声音如此之大，以至于地的女儿从屋里跑了出来。so +副词+ that … 意为“如此……以致于……”。 29.network /'netwɜ:k / n.[C] 网络；网状系统；关系网 But I was always so lonely standing there by myself, until in early 1960s they gave me a family connected by a network. 但是我总是孤孤单单地站在那里，直到二十世纪六十年代初，人们 才给了我一个用网络联成的家庭。（P18） a rail/road/canal network铁路 / 公路 / 运河网 the four big US television networks美国四大电视网 a network of friends 朋友网 30.web /web/ n. [C] 网; 蜘蛛网，网状物 I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web. 我能够通过万维 网和其他人分享我的知识。（P18） the Web = the World Wide Web万维网 I found the information on the Web .我在万维网上找到了这条消息。 You can create your own personal web site. 你可以建立你的个人网站。 31.application /æplɪ'keɪʃn/ n. [C] 用途； 应用；申请 Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me. 从二十世纪七十年代起，我又 被开发出了很多新的用途。（P18） We have learned the application of new technology to teaching. 我们学会了将新技术应用于教学上。 Send a full CV with your job application. 寄上求职申请书和详尽的个人履历。 an application letter/ form申请信/申请表 【拓展】 apply /əˈplaɪ/ vt.& vi. 应用；运用；申请 apply sth to sth 把某物应用于某物 The new technology was applied to farming.这项新技术已应用于农业。 apply for sth 申请某物 apply for university/ financial aid/申请上大学/助学金 I want to apply for the job. 我想申请这项工作. 32.finance /'faɪnæns/ ◎ n. 金融；财经；资金 I have become very important in communication, finance and trade. 我在通讯、金融和商业领 域变得非常重要。（P18） the Minister of Finance 财政部长 Finance for education comes from taxpayers.教育经费来自纳税人。 ◎vt. 为…提供资金 The library will be financed by the government.这个图书馆将由政府出资。 【拓展】 financial /faɪˈnænʃl/ adj. [常用于名词前] 财政的; 财务的; 金融的 The company is in financial difficulties. 公司目前财政困难。 financial support/ rewards经济援助/回报 financial market/ system/ crisis金融市场/体系/危机 33.mobile /'məʊbaɪl/ adj. [常用于名词前] 可移动的；流动的 I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations. 我还被放在机器人里面，被用来制作手机，并且用来帮助作医疗手术。（P18） mobile equipment可移动装备 a mobile shop/library/ theatre流动商店 / 图书馆/剧场 34.rocket /'rɒkɪt / n. 火箭 I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars. 我还被放置在航空火箭里去探测月球和火星。（P18） This space rocket carries two satellites. 这枚宇宙火箭搭载了两颗卫星. 35.explore /ɪk'splɔ:/ vt. & vi. 探索；探测；勘探；探究 As soon as we arrived on the island we were eager to explore. 我们一来到岛上就急不可耐地开始探胜。 explored for oil and gas 勘探石油和天然气 These ideas will be explored in more detail in chapter 7. 这些想法将在第7章里作更详细的探讨。 【拓展】 exploration /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/ n. 探索；探测；勘探；探究 the exploration of space对宇宙空间的探索 oil exploration石油勘探 From the "Red Sorghum", Mo Yan almost never stops his exploration in the aspects of literary style. 从《红高粱》开始，莫言几乎从未停止在文体方面的探索。 36.anyhow /'enɪhaʊ/ adv. ①无论如何；尽管如此；而且（= anyway） Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality. 不管怎样，我的目标是给人类提供高质量得生活。（P18） Anyhow, don't let the pressure get you down. Keep smiling always. 无论如何，不能让压力打倒，而要永远保持微笑。 The dress was very expensive, but I bought it anyhow.这件衣服很贵，尽管如此我还是买下了。 I am too tired to walk any more; anyhow, I’m getting hungry. 我太累了，走不动了，而且我也饿了。 ②随便地；杂乱无章地 Her clothes were thrown down just anyhow. 她的衣服随便乱扔. 【拓展】 somehow /ˈsʌmhaʊ/ 用某种方法; 不知怎么地 Don’t worry, we’ll get the money back somehow.不用担心，我们总会把那些钱拿回来的。 Somehow we lost our way.不知怎么地，我们就迷路了。 37.goal /ɡəʊl/ n. 目标；目的；球门；（进球）得分 achieve/realize/reach one’s goal达到目标 Life is a goal and try to achieve it. 人生是一个目标,努力实现它。 The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal. 对于足球明星而言，最好的时刻就是他踢进制胜球的时候。 Liverpool won by three goals to one.利物浦队以三比一获胜。 38.happiness /'hæpɪnɪs/ n. 幸福；快乐 I am now truly filled with happiness that I am a devoted friend and helper of the human race! 现在我充满了幸福感，因为我是人类忠实的朋友并时时给他们提供帮助。（P18） Do not wait for good things to happen to you. You need to walk towards happiness. 不要等待好事降临，你要向幸福进发。 with happiness 幸福地 His heart danced with happiness. 他内心洋溢着幸福感。 【拓展】 （1）happy /ˈhæpi/ adj. 幸福的; 快乐的；满意的 We are happy to announce the engagement of our daughter. 我们高兴地宣布，我们的女儿已订婚。 I'm not happy with his work this term.我对他这学期的表现不满意。 （2）happily /ˈhæpɪli/ adv. 快乐地； 幸福地；幸运地 From then on, the prince and princess lived happily. 从那时起, 王子与公主就幸福地生活在一起。 Happily, his neck injuries were not serious. 很幸运，他脖子上的伤并不严重。 39.human race 人类 I am now truly filled with happiness that I am a devoted friend and helper of the human race! 现在我充满了幸福感，因为我是人类忠实的朋友并时时给他们提供帮助。（P18） 40.△ supporting /sə'pɔ:tɪŋ/ adj. [只用于名词前] 支持的；支撑的; 配角的 a supporting wall承重墙 supporting evidence确凿证据 best supporting actor/ actress最佳男/女配角 【拓展】 support /səˈpɔ:t/ ◎vt. 支持; 赞助;扶养 Try to support each other when one of you is feeling down. 当有人觉得情绪低落时，要努力相互打气。 He has a large family to support.他要养活一个大家庭。 ◎n.[U] 支持；拥护；帮助；资助 Her family and friends have given her lots of support.家人和朋友给了她许多帮助。 Local businesses have provided financial support .当地企业提供了财政资助。 She decided to write a book in support of women's rights. 她决心写一本书来支持妇女的权利。 41.download /daʊn'ləʊd/ vt. & vi. 下载 He used to download information from the internet and made good use of it. 他过去常常从因特网上下载信息并充分利用它。（P20） I’m happy that my 80-year-old grandma has learned how to download from the Internet. 我很高兴我80岁的奶奶学会了从网上如何下载。 Users can download their material to a desktop PC. 用户可以把资料下载到台式机上。 【拓展】 upload /ˌʌpˈləʊd/ vt. 上传 I took these photos and uploaded them to some websites. 我拍了这些照片， 然后上传到网上。 42.△ programmer /'prəʊgræmə/ n. 程序员；程序师 Mike found a job as a computer programmer. 迈克找到一份做计算机程序员的工作。（P20） 【拓展】 programme /ˈprəʊgræm/ ◎ n. [C] 程序; 计划; 节目 a programme of economic development经济发展方案 a TV programme 电视节目 ◎vt. 为（机器或系统）设定程序 Now robots can be programmed to behave like a human. 现在可以给机器人设定程序像人一样做事。 43. virus /'vaɪərəs/ n. （计算机程序中的）病毒；病毒 An unknown virus has just attacked my computer.一种不知名的病毒攻击了我的电脑。（P21） Hackers are said to have started a computer virus. 据说黑客们已经开始传播一种新的电脑病毒。 flu virus流感病毒 HIV virus艾滋病病毒 44.△ androɪd /'ændrɔɪd/ n. 机器人 I’m part of an android football team. 我是安迪足球队的一个成员。（P22） 45.signal /'sɪɡnəl/ ◎ vi. & vt. 发信号 For example, I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good for a goal. 例如，当我前面没人防守有机会射一个好球的时候，我已经学会了用计算机语言向队友示意 把球传给我。（P22） signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事 The policeman signaled the traffic to move forward slowly.警察示意车辆缓慢前进。 ◎n. 信号 a danger/warning signal 危险/警告信号 traffic signals交通信号灯 TV signals电视信号 The signal to the rocket went wrong, and as a result it exploded and fell into the sea. 发射火箭的信号出了差错，结果火箭爆炸掉入了大海。 46.△ teammate /'ti:mmeɪt/ n. 同伴；伙伴 【拓展】 schoolmate校友 classmate（同班）同学 roommate室友 47.type /taɪp/ ◎n. 类型；（印刷或打印的）文字；字体 They had developed a new type of program just before the competition. 他们恰好在比赛前研 制了一种新程序。（P22） a rare blood type罕见的血型 The type was too small for me to read.这种印刷文字太小，我看不清。 ◎vt. & vi. 打字 I can type your essays for you. 我可以帮你把文章打出来。 How fast can you type?你打字有多快？ 【拓展】 （1）typist /ˈtaɪpɪst/ n. 打字员 She worked as a typist in the office. 她做这个办公室的打字员。 （2）typewriter 打字机 48.in a way 在某种程度上（= in one way / in some ways） In a way our programmer is like our coach. 从某种程度上看，我们的程序员就像是我们的教练。（P22） In a way, I'm glad you made that mistake, for it will serve as a warning to you. 在某种程度上说, 你犯那个错误我倒感到高兴, 因为它可以对你敲警钟。 49.coach /kəʊtʃ/ ◎n. 教练 A coach who can train world class athletes will be universally popular. 一个能培养世界级运动员的教练将大受欢迎。 a basketball/football/tennis coach篮球/足球/网球教练 ◎vt.& vi. 训练；培养 Her father coached her for the Olympics.她的父亲训练她准备参加奥林匹克运动会。 He coaches basketball and soccer.他执教篮球和足球。 50.arise /ə'raɪz/ vi. (arose, arisen) ①出现；发生；产生（=happen） Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises. 然后她把我在新情况下能用得上的可靠动作准备好。（P22） A new problem has arisen.新的问题已经出现。 A storm arose during the night.夜间暴风雨大作。 arise out of/from sth（由…）引起；（因…）产生 Accidents often arise from carelessness. 事故常起因于粗心。 ②起床；起身 He arose at 6:30 a.m. as usual. 同往常一样，他在早上6:30起了床。 He arose from his seat.他从座位上站起来。 【辨析】arise, rise和raise 1. arise是不及物动词，无被动语态，多指问题，难题等“产生、出现”，常用于抽象事物。 For the safety of network , the fire wall technique arise. 为了网络的安全，出现了防火墙技术。 2. rise是不及物动词，无被动语态，多指日、月、星辰、价格、河流等“上升”。 The price has risen.价格上涨了 The sun rises in the east.太阳从东边升起。 3. raise是及物动词，可用于被动语态，多指把具体事物举到高处或把抽象事物提高。 Raise your hands, please. 请举起手。 The rent has been raised. 租金被提高了。 51.with the help of 在……的帮助下 After all, with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything, using my intelligence is what I’m all about! 不管怎样，在我过目不忘的电子脑的帮助下，运用智能就是我的一切。（P22） I read English magazines with the help of a dictionary. 我借助字典翻阅英文杂志. Our English teacher often encourages us to study hard and with his help we all make great progress. 我们的英语老师经常鼓励大家勤奋学习,在他的帮助下, 大家进步很快。 【高考链接】 Nearly five years ago ,and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes（圣女果）in our back garden （2014全国卷I 短文改错） 答案：by--of 句意：差不多五年前，在爸爸的帮助下，我和妹妹在后花园种了一些圣女果。 with the help of… 在…的帮助下，是固定搭配。 52.electronic /eˌlekˈtrɒnɪk/ adj. 电子的 an electronic calculator 电子计算器 electronic music 电子音乐 He is a computer scientist and electronic engineer.他是一个计算机科学家以及电子工程师。 53.character /'kærəktə/ n. ①（人、物的）品质；性格；特点 Knowledge will give you power, but character respect. 知识给你力量，品格给你别人的尊敬。 Easy-going is part of his character.随和是他的性格的一部分。 The buildings are very simple in character.这些建筑造型很简洁。 ②（书籍、戏剧或电影中的）人物；角色 Snow White is one of the most famous Disneyland cartoon characters. 白雪公主是最著名的迪士尼卡通人物之一。 a major/minor character in the book书中的主要 / 次要人物 ③（书写、印刷或计算机上的）文字，字母 Chinese characters汉字 54.mop /mɒp/ ◎vt. 用拖把拖；擦（mopped，mopped，mopping） This means that it should clean the house, mop the floors, cook the dinner and deal with telephone calls. 这就意味着它应该能打扫房子，拖地，做晚餐以及接电话。（P24） The houseboy comes to mop our kitchen floor twice a week. 男仆每周两次到我家来拖洗厨房地板. ◎n. 拖把 The old man mopped the floor with a mop. 那老人用拖把拖洗地板。 55.deal with 处理；对付 With the help of a computer, sharing information is not difficult to deal with. 有了电脑的帮助，分享信息是不难的。 I really don't know how to deal with such a stubborn person. 我真不知该怎样应付这么固执的人。 【辨析】 deal with, do with 二者都可以作“处理”，“对付”， deal with常和how连用，而do with常和what连用。 How will you deal with this problem? 你如何处理这个问题？ What will you do with the old computer? 你如何处理的那台旧电脑？ 56.watch over 照料；照管； 看守；监视 I should also watch over my naughty niece, who comes to my house very often. 我也应该照看我的调皮的侄女，她经常到我房间来。（P24） Could you watch over my dog while I am on holiday?我度假的时候你能帮我照料我的狗吗？ 57.△naughty /'nɔ:ti/ adj. 顽皮的；淘气的 a naughty boy/girl淘气的男孩 / 女孩 It is naughty of you to pull the cat's tail. 你真淘气,竟然拉猫尾巴. 58.niece /ni:s/ n. 侄女；甥女 my naughty niece我的调皮的侄女 59.△ spoil /spɔɪl/ vt. 损坏；宠坏 In that way, my niece will not spoil my free time and I can go out with my friends. 这样的话我的侄女就不会占用我的业余时间，我便可以和朋友外出。（P24） A fond mother may spoil her child. 一个溺爱孩子的母亲会把孩子宠坏。 Book 2 Unit 4 1.wildlife /'waɪldlaɪf / n. [U] 野生动物；野生生物 Australians are proud of their native wildlife. 澳大利亚人为他们的野生动物感到骄傲。 wildlife protection野生生物保护（P25） △ WWF (World Wildlife Fund) 世界野生生物基金会 2. wild /waɪld/ adj. 野生的；野的；未开发的；荒凉的 wild animals/plants 野生动物/植物 wild areas荒地 the wild world荒凉的世界 3.protection /prə'tekʃn/ n. [U] 保护；防卫 protection for sb/sth 对某人/某物的保护 It is clear that the primary duty of parents is to provide protection for their children. 很明显，父母的首要职责是为孩子们提供保护。 The government is ready to introduce protection for the car industry. 政府准备对汽车工业实行贸易保护。 protection against/from sth 保护免受危害 Such a diet is widely believed to offer protection against a number of cancers. 这种饮食结构被广泛认为可以预防多种癌症。 【拓展】 （1）protect /prəˈtekt/ vt. 保护；保卫 protect … from/ against sth 保护……不受……（危害） I’m protecting myself from mosquitoes. 我这样做可以防止蚊虫叮咬。 He put on the sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.他戴上太阳镜以保护眼睛 免受日光的强烈照射。 （2）protective /prəˈtektɪv/ adj. 保护；防护的 Workers should wear full protective clothing . 工人应该穿着全套防护服。 be protective of/towards sb/sth对某人/某物的保护 Parents can easily become over-protective of their children.父母容易过度保护孩子。 4.△ habitat /'hæbɪtæt/ n.[C] 栖息地；（动植物的）自然环境 If their habitat is threatened or they cannot find enough food, their numbers may decrease．如 果它们的栖息地受到威胁，或者找不到足够的食物，它们的数量可能会减少。（P25） The panda's natural habitat is the bamboo forest.大熊猫的天然栖息地是竹林。 5.△ threaten /'θretn/ vt. & vi. 恐吓；威胁; 危及 Pollution is threatening marine life.污染正危及海洋生物。 The terrorists are threatening to blow up the building. 恐怖分子扬言要炸毁大楼。 6.decrease /dɪˈkri:s/ ◎ vi. & vt. 减少；（使）变小；或变少（反义词：increase增加; 增多） decrease to... 减少到……（to表示到达的数量） The number of new students decreased to 160 this year.今年新生人数减少到160。 decrease by减少了……（by表示相差的比率） The price of the house has decreased by 15%.房价降了15%。 decrease from … to… 从……减少到…… Bank base rates have decreased from 10 percent to 6 percent. 银行的基本利率已从10%降到了6%。 ◎n．减少；降低 There has been a decrease in traffic accidents. 交通事故减少了. be on the decrease在减少 The number of visitors to the museum is on the decrease each year． 参观博物馆人数每年都在减少。 7. △ endanger /ɪnˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ vt. 危害；使受到危险 Smokingcan endanger your health. 吸烟危及你的健康。 endangered /ɪn'deɪndʒəd/ adj. 濒危的；快要绝种的 As a result these endangered animals may even die out．结果，这些濒危的动物甚至可能会消 亡。（P25） 8.in danger (of) 在危险中；垂危 Why are they in danger of disappearing?为什么他们面临灭绝的危险？（P25） We must save animals in danger.我们必须拯救濒危动物。 out of danger脱离危险 The doctor said she was out of danger.医生说她已脱离危险。 【辨析】 in danger，dangerous in danger表示“处于危险中”，而dangerous表示“对他人造成危险”。 The animals are in danger. We must protect them. 这些动物濒临危险，我们必须保护它们。 The prisoners who escaped are violent and dangerous. 这些逃犯残暴而危险。 9.die out ①（物种等 ）灭绝; 灭亡 As a result these endangered animals may even die out．结果，这些濒危的动物甚至可能会消 亡。（P25） Because the climate is becoming worse, several species have already died out．由于气候恶化， 好几个物种已经不复存在。 ②（风俗、习惯等）逐渐消失 Many old customs have died out. 许多旧的风俗已不复存在。 That style of music died out ten years ago. 那种风格的音乐10年前就消失了。 ③（灯，火）熄灭 He tried to blow up a fire. The fire died out, instead. 他试图把火吹旺, 但却熄灭了。 10.loss /lɒs/ n.[C,U] 损失；遗失；丧失 Loss of bamboo growing areas竹子生长区域的丧失（P25） I want to report the loss of a package.我要报告丢失了一个包裹。 She said his death was a great loss to herself. 她说他的死对自己来说是巨大的损失。 at a loss不知所措；困惑 He is always at a loss what to say in front of strangers．他在陌生人面前总是不知要说什么。 a sense of loss失落感 make a loss亏损 suffer( great) losses遭受（重大）损失 make up for the loss弥补损失 【拓展】 （1）lose /lu:z/ vt. 遗失；丢失；失去 (lost, lost, losing) I've lost my keys. 我把钥匙丢了。 At that moment he lost his balance and fell.他在那一瞬间失去平衡摔倒了。 to lose a game/a race/an election/a battle/a war输掉比赛 / 赛跑 / 选举 / 战役 / 战争 （2）lost /lɒst/ adj. 失去的; 迷路的; 不知所措的 My pen is lost. 我钢笔丢了。 I took a wrong turn and we got lost in the mountains. 我拐错了弯，我们便在山里迷了路。 I feel lost and lonely in a strange town . 在陌生的城镇里，我感到不知所措、孤单寂寞。 11.reserve /rɪˈzɜ:v/ ◎n. [C] ①（动植物）保护区；自然保护区 Wolong Natural Reserve 卧龙自然保护区（P25） There are a lot of natural reserves in this area.在这一地区有许多自然保护区。 ②储备;储存物资;储藏量 The city’s reserve of water is low. 该市的贮水量不大。 The Gulf has 65 percent of the world's oil reserves. 海湾地区拥有全世界65％的石油储藏。 ◎vt．预订；预约（座位、席位、房间等）；保留 I'd like to reserve a table for three for eight o'clock.我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。 These seats are reserved for special guests.这些座位是留给贵宾的。 He still reserved his opinion on some points. 在一些问题上，他仍保留自己的意见 12.hunt /hʌnt/ vt. & vi. 打猎；猎取；搜寻 As a child I learned to hunt and fish. 从小我就学会了打猎和捕鱼。 Whales are still being hunted and killed in the Arctic.北冰洋的鲸类仍然遭到猎杀。 hunt for sth搜寻；寻找 She is still hunting for a new job.她还在找新工作。 【拓展】 （1）hunting /ˈhʌntɪŋ/ n. 打猎; 搜索；追寻 too much hunting in the 1950s二十世纪五十年代的过度捕猎（P25） go hunting去打猎 Tiger hunting is illegal. 捕猎老虎是非法。 （2）hunter /ˈhʌntə(r)/ n. 猎人; 猎犬；寻找者 The hunter shot at a deer with his gun. 猎人举枪向鹿射去. job-hunters 求职者 treasure hunters 寻宝人 13.zone /zəʊn/ n. 地域；地带；地区 Natural Protection Zone自然保护区（P25） a war/security zone交战区/安全区 an earthquake/danger zone地震带/危险地带 time zone时区 Obama retires at 55, but Trump starts at 70. Absolutely everyone in this word is running their race, in their own time zone. 奥巴马55岁就退休，川普70岁才开始当总统。显然，世上每 个人在自己的时区有自己的步程。 14.in peace 和睦地；安宁地；安详地 About 30-40 remain after being left in peace with no hunting 免遭猎杀后，大约剩下30-40只（P25） People in the small village live in peace with each other. 小村子的人们和睦相处。 【拓展】 at peace 处于和平状态 The two countries were at peace. 两国现在和平相处. 【高考链接】 In this way, everyone will live ______ peace. （2014湖南卷 语法填空） 答案：in 句意：通过这种方法，每个人都可以生活在安宁之中。in peace是固定搭配，意为 “和睦地；安宁地”。 15.△ species /'spi:ʃi:z/ n. 种类；物种（单复数同形） Daisy had always longed to help endangered species of wildlife. 戴茜一直以来都渴望帮助那些 濒临灭绝的野生动植物。（P26） Pandas are an endangered species. 熊猫是濒危物种。 There are several thousand species of trees here. 这里有几千种树。 16.carpet /'kɑ:pɪt/ n. 地毯；毛毯，绒毯; 地毯状覆盖物 One day she woke up and found a flying carpet by her bed. 一天她醒来，发现床边有一块飞毯。 （P25） We'll give her some VIP treatment and roll out the red carpet. 我们将给予她贵宾级礼遇，并且为她铺设红地毯。 a carpet of snow一层厚厚的雪 17.respond /rɪ'spɒnd/ vi. 回答；响应；做出反应 Daisy responded immediately. 戴茜立刻回答道。（P26） She asked where he’d been, but he didn't respond. 她问他去哪儿了，他却没回答。 respond to sb/sth (with sth) （用某物）回复某人/某物 She responded to my letter with a phone call．她收到我的信后给我回了个电话。 The doctor responded that he could not tell the name of her disease. 医生回答说他无法说出她患的是什么病。 【拓展】 response /rɪˈspɒns/ n. [C,U] 反应；回答；答复 I knocked on the door but there was no response.我敲了门，可是没有回应。 in response to对……做出反应 The product was developed in response to the demand from our customers. 这种产品是为了满足顾客的需要而开发的。 18.distant /'dɪstənt/ adj. ①遥远的；远处的；久远的 Please take me to a distant land where I can find the animal that gave fur to make this sweater. 请带我到遥远的地方，在那里我可以发现为制作这件毛衣而提供毛绒的那种动物。（P26） The sun is distant from the Earth.太阳距离地球很远。 The time we spent together is now a distant memory. 我们一起度过的时光现已成为久远的记忆。 ②[只用于名词前]远亲的；远房的 a distant cousin/aunt/relative远房堂兄弟 / 姑母 / 亲戚 ③不友好的；冷淡的 Pat sounded very cold and distant on the phone.从电话里听起来帕特非常冷淡和疏远。 ④心不在焉的；恍惚的 There was a distant look in her eyes; her mind was obviously on something else. 她眼神恍惚，显然心里在想着别的什么事儿。 【拓展】 （1）distantly /ˈdɪstəntlɪ/ adv. 远离地; 冷淡地; 关系较远地; 恍惚地 Somewhere, distantly, he could hear the sound of the sea.他能听到在远处某个地方的海浪声。 He is distantly related to the family. 他与那个家族关系较远. （2）distance /ˈdɪstəns/ n. 距离；路程; 远处 The shortest distance between two people is a smile. 人与人之间最短的距离是微笑。 a distance of 200 kilometers 200公里的距离 in the distance在远处 We saw lights in the distance.我们看到了远处的点点灯光。 19.fur /fɜ:(r)/ n. 毛皮；毛；软毛 Our fur is being used to make sweaters for people like you. 我们的毛被用来为像你一样的人们 制作毛衣。（P26） a fur coat毛皮大衣 The animal is hunted for its fur.狩猎这种动物是为了获取其毛皮。 20.relief /rɪˈli:f/ n. [ U]（ 痛苦或忧虑的）减轻或解除；（不愉快过后的）宽慰；解脱 I felt a great relief when l heard I had passed the examination. 听说已经通过了考试，我感到轻松多了。 It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about it．能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了。 in relief 如释重负；松了口气 In relief Daisy burst into laughter.戴茜如释重负，突然笑了起来。（P26） to one’s relief 令人感到欣慰的是 To my great relief / Much to my relief, the car was not damaged. 令我非常欣慰的是，车并没有损坏。 21.laughter /'lɑ:ftə/ n.[U] 笑；笑声 Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.笑声是驱赶人们脸上寒冬的太阳。 Their laughter filled the house. 整个屋子回荡着他们的笑声。 burst into laughter= burst out laughing 突然笑起来；大声笑了出来 All the classmates burst into laughter when David finished his performance.当戴维的表演结束 时，全班同学都大笑起来。 【拓展】 laugh /lɑ:f/ vi. 笑; 发笑; 嘲笑 When I heard the joke, I couldn’t help laughing.我听到这个笑话时，情不自禁地大笑起来。 laugh at嘲笑 Please do not laugh at my performance!请不要嘲笑我的表演。 【高考链接】 Don’t laugh _______me. I may look funny. （2014辽宁卷 语法填空） 答案及解析：at 句意：不要嘲笑我，也许我看上去很滑稽。laugh at…嘲笑…。 22.mercy /'mɜ:si/ n. [ U] 仁慈；宽恕；怜悯 Farmers hunted us without mercy. 农民们总是无情地捕杀我们。（P26） l'm not going to put myself at the mercy of others. 我不想任由他人摆布。 God, have mercy on us.上帝，怜悯我们吧。 They showed no mercy to their enemy.他们对敌人丝毫不讲仁慈。 to ask/beg/plead for mercy请求 / 乞求 / 祈求宽恕 mercy killing安乐死 【拓展】 merciful /ˈmɜ:sɪfl/ adj. 仁慈的，宽恕的 She showed much mercy to the poor. She is a merciful lady. 她对穷人很仁慈，是个仁慈的妇女。 be merciful to sb/sth 对某人/某物仁慈 She can only hope the court is merciful to her husband. 她唯有希望法庭对她丈夫宽大处理。 23.certain /'sɜ:tn/ adj. ①某一的；特定的 They allowed tourists to hunt only a certain number of animals if they paid the farmers. 如果游 客付给农民钱的话，他们允许游客来猎取一定数量的动物。（P26） There is a certain Mr. Smith on the phone for you．有位史密斯先生打电话找你。 ②肯定的; 确实的 They are certain to agree.他们肯定会同意。 It is certain that Mike arrived the day before yesterday. 迈克肯定是前天到的。 for certain无疑地， 确定地 I can't say for certain when we'll arrive.我说不准我们什么时候能到。 【拓展】 （1）certainly /ˈsɜ:tnli/ adv. 无疑; 当然; 确定; 肯定 Certainly, the early years are very important to a child's development. 毫无疑问，幼年对儿童的成长至关重要。 I certainly think there should be a ban on tobacco advertising. 我确实认为应该禁止香烟广告. （2）certainty /ˈsɜ:tnti/ n. [ U] 确定性; 确定的事 Her return to the team now seems a certainty. 她的归队现在似乎已成定局。 with certainty肯定地; 确定性 I can say with certainty that she is fit for the position. 我可以肯定地说,她适合这个职位. 【高考链接】 It is _____ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. （2017全国卷III 语法填空） 答案：certainly 句意：那无疑是很有趣的，但这种生活方式有点不现实。修饰整个句子，作 状语，用副词形式。 24.importance /ɪmˈpɔ:tns/ n. [ U] 重要（性） It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I’d like to help as the WWF suggests. 这体现 了野生动植物保护的重要性，不过，我还是想按照世界自然基金会（WWF）的建议来帮助 你们。（P26） I think that research and teaching are of equal importance to teachers. 我认为研究和教学对老师同样重要。 【拓展】 （1）important /ɪmˈpɔ:tnt/ adj. 重要的; 权威的 Fresh fruits and vegetables are important to our health . 新鲜的水果和蔬菜对我们的健康很重要。 Murdoch is an important figure in the media world. 默多克是传媒界很有影响力的人物。 （2）importantly /ɪm'pɔːtntli/adv. 重要地 Most importantly, you must work hard to catch up with others. 最重要的是, 你必须努力学习赶上别人。 25. rub /rʌb/ vt. 擦；摩擦（rubbed，rubbed，rubbing） A monkey watched them as it rubbed itself. 一只猴子一边擦着身体，一边望着他们。（P26） Rub the surface with sandpaper before painting.用砂纸打磨表面，然后再上油漆。 He rubbed oil into my back. 他往我的背上抹油。 27.mosquito /mə'ski:təu/ n. 蚊子 I’m protecting myself from mosquitoes. 我这样做可以防止蚊虫叮咬。（P26） 28.insect /'insekt/ n. 昆虫 When I find a millipede insect, I rub it over my body.当我发现一种千足虫，便把它擦在身上。 （P26） 29.contain /kən'teɪn/ vt. ①含有（成分） It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes. 它含有一种强效的药物可以防止蚊虫叮咬。（P26） This kind of fruit contains rich VC. 这种水果含有丰富的维生索C． ②包含，容纳 This book contains all the information you need. 这本书包含你所需的一切资料。 The jar contains ten glasses of water. 这个罐子能装十杯水。 The reading room can contain (=hold) five hundred students．这个阅览室能容纳五百名学生。 ③控制，抑制(感情) I could not contain my excitement. 我无法抑制内心的激动。 I was so angry that I couldn't contain myself.我气愤极了，简直无法克制自己。 【拓展】 container /kənˈteɪnə(r)/ n. 容器 Fill the container with some water. 往容器里加些水。 【辨析】contain 和 include 1. contain 着重“内有”, 多指容器里盛的东西，或者物质中含有的成分。 The basket contains a variety of fruits . 这篮子装有各种水果。 Sea water contains salt. 海水含盐。 2. include 着重“算入, 包括在整体中” ，指被包括者只是整体中的一部分。 My family includes my father, my mother and me. 我的家人包括爸爸妈妈和我。 The tour includes a visit to Paris . 这次旅行包括游览巴黎。 注意： including和included都表示"包括在内"，including是介词，放在名词之前; included 则是过去分词，放在名词之后。 Ten of us visited the Great Wall, including two children. Ten of us visited the Great Wall, two children included. 我们十个人参观了长城，包括两个孩子。 30.powerful /'paʊəfl/ adj. 强大的；有力的; 强壮的 Wendy looked around and saw a powerful lion in the grass. 文迪向四处看了看，看到草丛中有一头健壮的狮子。 31.affect /ə'fekt/ vt. ①影响；使改变 Global warming has affected the rate of economic development. 全球变暖影响了经济发展速度。 A bad home environment can affect a child's healthy growth. 不良的家庭环境能影响儿童的健康成长。 ②（疾病）侵袭，感染 These viruses are more likely to affect children. 这些病毒更容易侵袭儿童。 ③（感情上）打动; 使悲伤（或怜悯等） They were deeply affected by the news of her death.她死亡的消息使他们悲伤不已。 The divorce affected Jim deeply. 离婚对吉姆打击很大。 【拓展】 effect /ɪˈfekt/ n. 影响; 效果 have a great/ good/bad/positive / negative effect on 对……产生很大的/好的/坏的/积极的/消极的影响 What parents say or do will have a great effect on their children. 父母所说或所做的一切都会对孩子产生很大的影响。 side effect（药物等起到的）副作用 Headaches are one of the side effects of the drug.头痛是这种药物的副作用之一。 One side effect of modern life is stress. 现代生活的一种副作用就是压力。 【高考链接】 This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side_____ ( effect) such as overweight and heart disease - the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.（2017全国卷I 语法填空） 答案：effects句意：这个趋势是由医学界将其作为一种对抗心脏病的方法开始的，但已经有 一些意想不到的副作用，像超重和心脏病，这些副作用正是医学界尝试去对抗的。 根据空前的“some”及空后的“such as overweight and heart disease”可知用名词复数形式 effects。 32.attention /ə'tenʃn/ n. 注意；关注；注意力 pay attention to 注意 You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together. 你们应该多加关注我生活的热带雨林，并且懂得热带雨林的动物是如何在一起生 活的。（P26） Much attention should be paid to protecting the wildlife.应该多注意保护野生生物。 What do you think I should pay attention to in using the new camera? 你认为使用这台新相机我应注意什么？ 33.appreciate /ə'pri:ʃieɪt / vt. ①意识到; 领会 She appreciated the danger, so she sounded her horn loudly until the lion turned and walked away. 她意识到了危险，于是大声地吹响号角，直到狮子转身走开。 We didn't fully appreciate that he was seriously ill.我们没有充分认识到他的病情很严重。 ②感激；感谢 I'd greatly appreciate your support .我非常感激你的支持。 appreciate (one’s) doing sth. 感激（某人）做某事 He would much appreciate your doing him that favor. 如果你能帮他这个忙，他会非常感激的。 appreciate it … if… 如果……，将感激不尽 I’d appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. 如果你能提前让我知道你是否来，我将感激不尽。 ③欣赏；赏识 Anyone can appreciate our music. 任何人都能欣赏我们的音乐。 The happiest are not those who own all the best things, but those who can appreciate the beauty of life. 最幸福的人们并不一定是那些拥有所有好东西的人，而是那些能欣赏生活的美好的 人。 His talents are not fully appreciated in that company.他的才干在那家公司未受到充分赏识。 【拓展】 appreciation /əˌpri:ʃiˈeɪʃn/ n. 领会；了解；感谢；欣赏 They have a stronger appreciation of the importance of education. 他们对教育的重要性有了更深的理解。 We take this opportunity to express our sincere appreciation of your help. 借此机会我们对你们的帮助表示衷心的感谢 It takes time to develop an appreciation for traditional culture, but the effort is worth it. 培养对 传统文化的鉴赏是需要时间的，但也是值得的。 34.succeed /sək'si:d/ ①vi. 成功 What must be done if wildlife protection is to succeed? 如果野生生物保护想要成功，什么是必须要做的？（P27） Ifyoudoyourbest, you will succeed sooner or later. 假如你尽力做，你就会成功。 succeed in doing sth 成功做了某事 He succeeded in getting a place at art school.他被艺术学校录取了。 succeed as 成功成为…… He had hoped to succeed as a violinist.他曾希望做一名有成就的小提琴家。 ②vt. 接替；继任 ; 继承 Trump succeeded Obama as President?川普接替奥巴马当总统。 succeed to sth 继承某物 He had to succeed to the business when his father passed away. 他父亲去世时他不得不继承他父亲的事业。 【拓展】 （1）success /səkˈses/ n. ①[U] 成功，成就; 好成绩 I didn't have much success in finding a job.我找工作没什么结果。 Confidence is the key to success .信心是成功的关键。 ②[C] 成功的人（或物） She wasn't a success as a teacher.她教书没教出什么名堂。 The 2008 Beijing Olympics Games was a success.2008北京奥运会是成功的一次盛会。 （2）successful /səkˈsesfl/ adj. 成功的 She is a successful lawyer. 她是个成功的律师。 （3）successfully /sək'sesfəlɪ/ adv. 成功地; 顺利地 Thebig bridge has been successfully completed. 大桥胜利落成。 【高考链接】 The Central London Railway was one of the most ____ ( success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. （2017全国卷II 语法填空） 答案：successful 句意：伦敦中央铁路是这些新线路中最成功的线路之一，该线路于1900 年开通。根据空前的was one of the most可知，该空是形容词最高级意义，故填successful。 35.secure /sɪˈkjʊə(r)/ adj. 安全的；可靠的 However, they know that the farmers are very poor and need to have a secure income. 然而，他 们知道农民很穷，需要有稳定的收入。（P27） a secure job/income稳定的工作 / 收入 The future of the company looks secure.看来公司未来不会有问题。 36.income /'ɪnkʌm/ n. [C,U] 收入 Tourism is a major source of income for the area.旅游业是这个地区的主要收入来源。 Many families on low incomes will be unable to afford to buy their own house. 许多低收入家庭将会买不起自己的房子。 higher/middle/lower income groups较高 / 中等 / 较低收入阶层 37.employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ vt. 雇用；利用（时间、精力等） Can they be employed to work in the park and not hurt the animals? 雇用他们在公园里工作而不伤害动物吗? （P27） For the past three years he has been employed as a firefighter.三年来他一直受雇当消防员。 【拓展】 （1）employee /ɪmˈplɔɪi:/ n. [C] 雇工，雇员 The firm has over 500 employees.这家公司有500多名雇员。 （2）employer /ɪmˈplɔɪə(r)/ n. [C] 雇主，老板 He is a very good employer who treats the employees well. 他是非常好的雇主，对待雇员很好。 （3）employment /ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ n. [C,U] 雇用； 职业；就业 full-time/part-time employment全职 / 兼职工作 Graduates are finding it more and more difficult to find employment. 毕业生感到找工作越来越难。 The government is aiming at full employment .政府在力求达到全面就业。 38.harm /hɑ:m/ n. & vt. 损害；危害 ◎n.[U] 损害; 伤害; 危害 What should be done to punish people who do harm to the animals? 应该怎样惩罚那些伤害动 物的人呢？（P27） I'm sure he didn't mean any harm. 我相信他并无恶意。 do harm to sb.= do sb. harm Reading in the dark does harm to your eyes. = Reading in the dark does your eyes harm. 在暗处看书对你的眼睛有害。 ◎vt. 损害；伤害; 危害 We are worried that the product may harm the environment. 我们担心该产品可能会危害环境。 【拓展】 （1）harmful /ˈhɑ:mfl/ adj. 对…有害的 It is clear that smoking is harmful to health. 很明显，抽烟对健康有害. （2）harmless /ˈhɑ:mləs/ This experiment was harmless to the animals. 这个试验不会对动物造成伤害。 39.bite /baɪt/ ◎vt. & vi.(bit, bitten, biting) 咬；叮；刺痛 What should you do if you are being bitten by mosquitoes? 如果你正在被蚊子叮咬，你该做什么？（P29） This is a family dog and it doesn’t bite.这是一只家狗，不咬人。 ◎n.[C] 咬, （咬下的）一口 Any dog bite, no matter how small, needs immediate medical attention. 被狗咬后，不管伤口多小，都必须立即就医。 He took another bite of apple. 他又咬了一口苹果。 40.△ extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ n. 灭绝；消亡 Many species are in danger of extinction because their natural habitat is destroyed. 许多物种由于它们的自然环境破坏了,现在正面临灭绝的危险. 41.dinosaur /'daɪnəsɔ:(r)/ n. 恐龙 The most famous of these animals are dinosaurs. 这些动物中最有名的是恐龙。（P30） 42.come into being 形成；产生(= come into existence，不用于进行时和被动语态) They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time. 千百万年前，恐龙就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要 早得多类的出现要早得多。当时他们的前景好像也很安全。（P30） No one knows exactly when the earth came into being.没有人准确知道地球是何时形成的。 It is said that these customs came into being long ago.据说这些风俗习惯很早以前就存在了。 43.△ county /'kaʊnti/ n. 县；郡 The eggs of twenty-five species have been found in Xixia County, Nanyang, Henan Province. 25个 种类的恐龙蛋是在河南省南阳西峡县发现的。（P30） 44.inspect /ɪnˈspekt/ vt. 检查；视察 When scientists inspected the bones, they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others but also climb trees. 科学家们观察他们的头骨时，惊奇地发现他们不 仅跟其他恐龙一样可以跑，而且还可以爬树。（P30） The teacher walked around inspecting their work.老师走来走去检查他们的作业。 The minister of Education will inspect our school tomorrow. 教育部长明天将视察我们的学校。 【拓展】 （1）inspection /ɪnˈspekʃn/ n.[C] 检查; 检验; 视察; 检阅 Regular inspections are carried out at the coal mine .定期有人来视察这座煤矿。 Would you mind pointing out your luggage for inspection? 可否把你的行李指给我们检查? The soldiers lined up for their daily inspection by their officers. 士兵们列队接受军官的日常检阅. （2）inspector /ɪnˈspektə(r)/ n. 检查员; 查票员; （警察）巡官; 检阅官 a school/health/safety inspector督学/卫生/安全检查员 45.△ unexpected /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd/ adj. 没料到的；意外的 Some scientists think it came after an unexpected incident when a huge rock from space hit the earth and put too much dust into the air. 有些科学家认为恐龙灭绝是发生在一件意外事故之 后，当时宇宙间一块巨石击中地球因而在空气中扬起太多的尘土。（P30） Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, which is quite unexpected. 到现在为止, 我们已经为贫困儿童筹集了5万英镑, 这是完全没想到的。 an unexpected result/ visitor意想不到的结果/不速之客 【拓展】 （1）unexpectedly /ˌʌnɪk'spektɪdlɪ/ adv. 未料到地，意外地 The plane was unexpectedly delayed.飞机意外地延误了。 Unexpectedly, it rained heavily and it was impossible to start off. 出人意料的是，天下起了大雨，无法启程。 （1）expected /ɪkˈspektɪd/ adj. 料到的 Mike, as was expected, won the first prize. 像所期望的那样, 迈克获得了一等奖。 （2）expectedly /ɪk'spektɪdlɪ/ adv. 料到地； 预期地 Inthisway, the expectedly desirable effect of advertisements could be achieved as much as possible. 只有这样，广告的期望效果才能尽可能地得以实现。 46.incident /'ɪnsɪdənt/ n.[C] 事件；事变 an unexpected incident一件意外事件 Thebook is about the July7th Incident. 这本书是关于“七七事变”的。 47.dust /dʌst/ n. 灰尘；尘土；尘埃 The books were all covered with dust.书上积满了灰尘。 dusty /ˈdʌsti/ adj. 布满灰尘的 They started walking down the dusty road in the moonlight. 在月光下他们开始沿着满是尘土的路漫步。 48.according to ①根据……所说 According to a UN report, some 844 animals and plants have disappeared in the last 500 years. 根据联合国的一份报告，在过去500年里，有844种动植物消失。（P30） According to my brother, it's a great movie.据我哥哥说，这是一部了不起的电影。 ②依照；按照 The work was done according to her instructions.这项工作是依照她的指示办的。 The salary will be fixed according to qualifications and experience. 薪金将依照资历和经验而定。 49.△ disappearance /ˌdɪsə'pɪərəns/ n. 消失；失踪；灭绝 The disappearance of Zhang Yingying, a Chinese visiting scholar at the University of Illinois, has drawn public attention to Chinese students' safety in the United States. 章莹颖，伊利诺伊大学中国访问学者的失踪引起了公众对在美国留学生的安全的关注。 The disappearance of many species of plants and animals worried many scientists. 许多动植物物种的消失令许多科学家担心。 disappear /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/ vi. 消失; 灭绝 Please listen to a story of the dodo and how it disappeared from the earth.请听一个关于渡渡鸟 的故事，看看它是如何从地球上消失的。（P30） 50.fierce /fɪəs/ adj. 凶猛的；猛烈的 a fierce dog恶狗 a fierce battle激烈战斗 The climbers were trapped by a fierce storm which went on for days. 登山者被一连几天的强风暴雨给困住了。 【拓展】 fiercely /fɪəslɪ/ adv. 凶猛地; 猛烈地; 激烈地 The companies are competing fiercely for business. 公司为了争夺业务而展开激烈的竞争。 51.so that ①以便；为了 引导目的状语从句时，从句中常用情态动词can/ could, may/ might, will/ would等，从句只能 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $