专题02 高考英语应用文写作提分宝+词靓句高赢高分 导学案 -2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

彰显水平的倒装句、省略句和there be句型 倒装和省略是强调句意、丰富句式、增加语言表现形式的重要手段。它们的准确使用能够彰显考生的英语水平，提高写作档次。另外there be句型在写作中也是一种常见的高级表达。在写作中常用的倒装和省略形式主要有以下几种。 一、平衡句子的倒装句型 在写作中，倒装句型应用比较广泛，涉及的句型主要包括部分倒装和全部倒装。 1．“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。 1)Only in this way can we students study happily and effectively.只有以这种方式，我们学生才能愉快、有效地学习。 2) Only when we understand their difficulties and problems, can we better understand their achievements. 只有当我们理解了他们的困难和问题时，我们才可以更好地了解他们的成就。 3)Only time will tell.这只能由时间来回答了。 2．none, neither, nor, not, never, hardly, little, seldom等否定词，以及由no构成的否定短语和at no time, by no means等置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。 1)No sooner/Hardly had he finished his talk than/when he was surrounded by the excited workers.他刚一结束讲话就被兴奋的工人们围了起来。 2) Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. 周阳永远不会忘记他在一家畅销英文报纸的第一项工作任务。 3) Seldom have I seen a situation which made so angry. 我很少遇到让我如此愤怒的情况。 4) Never have I seen him before.  我以前没见过他。 5) Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 孩子睡着了，妈妈才离开房间。 3．在so/such...that...结构中，当so/such...位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装。 1)So excited was I that I couldn't wait to try my hand at riding it.我太激动了，追不及待地想试着骑它。 2. So excited was he that he could not say a word. 他如此激动以至于一句话都说不出来。 3)Such was his anger that he lost control of himself.他是如此地生气，以至于他不能控制自己了。 4) So angry was he that he couldn’t speak. 他愤怒得一句话也说不出来。 4．as/though尽管…… 1)Child as/though he is, he knows a lot about astronomy.虽然他是个孩子，但他知道很多天文学知识。 2) Though she is pretty, she is not clever.→ Pretty though she is, she is not clever. 尽管她很漂亮，但是不聪明。 3) Child as he is, he speaks fluent English. 他虽是个孩子，但能讲流利的英语.（名词前不用冠词a） 4) Shortest as he is, he is the richest of the three. 虽然他是三个人中最矮的，却是最富有的。（形容 词最高级前去定冠词the） 5．were/should/had...如果…… 1)Were I two years younger, I would suggest that I invest in today.如果我年轻两岁，我会建议投资现在。 2)Looking back, I feel I wouldn't be able to ride a bike had I lost heart.回顾以往，我感觉如果我失去了信心就学不会骑自行车。 3) Were I a bird, I could fly freely.  如果我是一只小鸟，我会自由的飞翔。 4)Had I known it earlier, I wouldn’t have lent him the money.我要是早一点知道，我是不会给他借钱的。 6．here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, on the wall, in the room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词而不是代词时，句子用全部倒装。 1)In that picture, around the table with three books on it sit three students.在图画中，三个学生围坐在桌子周围，桌子上有三本书。 2) For a moment nothing happened. Then came voices all shouting together.有一段时间什么也没发生，然后传来了大家一起喊叫的声音。 3)There was Hu Jin waving at him and calling,--- 那是胡锦在向他招手，她喊道------ 4)There came a loud series of knocks on the door.传来一阵很强的敲门声。 5) Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 接着传来了多利病种的坏消息。 7. 表示“一------就------”的几个短语放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装，其句式为“no sooner+ had+主语+过去分词+than+从句”、“hardly +had+主语+过去分词+when+从句”或“ scarcely +主语+过去分词+when+从句”。 1) Hardly /scarcely had he started to leave when it began to rain. 他刚要离开，天就下起了雨。 2) No sooner had he handed in his paper than he realized his mistakes. 他刚交卷就意识到出错了。 【举一反三】 一、翻译：将下列中文翻译成英文。 1.只有在失去自由之后，人们才知道自由的可贵。 _________________________________________. 2.任何时候你都不应把个人利益放在首位。 _________________________________________. 3.他声音那样大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。 _________________________________________. 4.无论在什么情况下，你都不应该给汤姆借钱。 _________________________________________. 5.我在那时才开始我的工作来设计一座新的桥梁。 _________________________________________. 二、运用倒装句型改写句子 1. Following the roar, a tiger rushed out from among the bushes. _________________________________________. 2. A tall policeman stood at the far end of the room. _________________________________________. 3. Quite a number of small hydro-electric power stations are scattered in the mountains. _________________________________________. 4. He would not give up writing his satires under any circumstances. _________________________________________. 5. A lasting peace will be established in the area only if both sides accept the agreement. _________________________________________. 6. He became confused to such a degree that he didn’t know where he was. _________________________________________. 7. He spoke so loudly that even people in the next room could hear him. _________________________________________. 8. I didn’t have any idea what a guided missile was like until recently. _________________________________________. 9. We do not believe their nice works, and we are not intimidated by their bluster. _________________________________________. 10. A layer of air of unknown thickness is surrounding the earth. _________________________________________. 三、常用不衰的There be句型 there be句型有很多变式，恰当地运用there be句型及其变式对提升写作大有帮助。There be句型由“there＋be＋主语”构成，用以表达存在关系。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际意义。 1. There be...(be可用各种时态) 在这个结构中，there be后的名词是主语，be的形式应和第一个名词保持一致。这一结构的其他时态形式：there was/were；there will be；there is/are going to be；there has/have been；there must have been；there must/may be等，它的变式句型有：There happen(s)/seem(s)/appear(s) to be...等。 1)There is plenty of fun for teenagers in summer，including going camping，going to the beach，going swimming at public pools and travelling locally with friends. 在夏季，青少年有很多趣事，包括宿营，去海滨，在公共泳池游泳，还有与朋友在当地游玩。 2) There was a problem with the parking place for bikes in our school. 我们学校的自行车停车处有个问题。 3) Would there be host family or university dormitory? 会有寄宿家庭或者学生宿舍吗？ 4)My favorite proverb is “Where there’s a will，there’s a way.” 我最喜欢的格言是“有志者事竟成”。 5)There will be many challenges ahead，but I have confidence that I’ll take on the burden. 前方有很多挑战，但是我有信心能担负重任。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.________________________, please contact me as soon as possible. 如果还有什么我可以为你做的事情，请尽快与我联系。 2. 一个人的梦想和现实通常存在差别。 _________________________________________. 2.There be各种句型 1）There＋情态动词＋be... There are too many cars on the road. I think there should be tight restrictions on car numbers.路上的车太多了，我认为应该对车的数量进行严格的限制。 2）There be sb./sth.doing sth.(doing sth.为现在分词作后置定语) There are many students standing in a queue to welcome the old soldier.有很多学生正站队欢迎这位老兵。 3）There be sth.to do/to be done There is still much to discuss/to be discussed. We shall, therefore, return to this item at our next meeting.还有许多事情要讨论，因此，我们将在下次会议上再次讨论这项内容。 4）There stands/lies/exists/remains/lives/comes/goes... There remains some doubt among the public as to whether the policy will work.公众依旧怀疑这项政策是否会有效。 5）There seems/appears/happens/used to be... There happened to be a lot of people by the road. They helped us pull the car out of the big hole.路边恰好有很多人，他们帮助我们把车从那个大坑里拉了出来。 6）There be no denying that...不可否认的是…… There is no denying that more and more plastics will come into use in our daily life.不可否认的是，越来越多的塑料将用于我们的日常生活中。 7）There be no doubt that...毫无疑问…… There is no doubt that the situation nowadays is far better.毫无疑问，当今形势好多了。 8）There is no need to do...没有必要做…… There is no need to worry about it as the government is now making every effort to provide more jobs.没必要为此担心，因为现在政府正在尽一切努力提供更多的工作岗位。 9）There is no sense/point in doing...做……是没有意义的/道理的 There is no sense in leaving important decisions to inexperienced people.把重要决定留给没有经验的人是没有道理的。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.____________________________________________ each other and know more about each other. 毫无疑问，这是一个我们彼此相互学习和相互了解的好机会。 Ⅰ.用强调句型、倒装句型或There be句型补全句子 2.______________ have devoted their unconditional love to us, which indeed deserves our appreciation and reward. 是我们的父母给了我们无条件的爱，这确实值得我们感激和报答。 3.__________________________ the beauty of this language. 只有通过练习你才能发现这种语言的魅力。 4.________________ it can enhance people's consciousness of health, but it is more likely to result in over­anxiety. 毫无疑问，它能增强人们的健康意识，但更有可能引起过度焦虑。 【雕词琢句】 1.The two-week communication has helped the Chinese students have a better understanding of English culture and made us become good friends.（用not only...but also...引导的倒装结构） _______________________________________________________________. 2.I didn’t realise the importance of studying hard until I failed in the exam. →①________________________________________________________.(not until位于句首的倒装结构) →②____________________________________________________________. (not until的强调句型) 3.你不仅可以欣赏中国剪纸的美,而且可以更多地了解中国的传统文化。 (运用倒装结构) ____________________________________________________________. 4.Only ___________________________________ (你意识到英语的重要性时)can you put your heart into it. 5.只有努力学习,我们才能不断取得进步。(倒装结构) ____________________________________________________________. 6.I have such a good command of English that I am elected as my English teacher’s assistant.（such引导的倒装句） →____________________________________________________________. 7.The Internet plays so important a role that a large number of people choose to watch movies using it. （so引导的倒装句） ____________________________________________________________. 8.这个栏目(column)非常受欢迎,我们在空闲的时候都喜欢阅读它。 ①____________________________________________________________. (so...that...的正常语序) ②____________________________________________________________. (so...that...的倒装语序) 9.Although the child was poor,he tried to find ways to study hard.（as引导的倒装句） →____________________________________________________________. 10. _________________________________ (尽管我感到失望)at the shabby campus and the poorly-equipped classroom,I found the teachers patient and considerate. 11.When you are traveling there, you can admire fantastic sights and experience its rich culture. （省略句） →____________________________, you can admire fantastic sights and experience its rich culture. 12.Firstly,people may feel forced when they are asked to do things that they don’t want to. （省略句） →Firstly,people may feel forced __________________________ that they don’t want to. 13.When the child was faced with the difficulty,he didn’t give up but managed to over come it.（省略句） →__________________________,the child didn’t give up but managed to over come it. 14.如果可能的话,你应该练习说普通话。（省略句） __________________________________. 【利用倒装句和省略句型，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵（日记）】 Tuesday，August 1，2017 Fine In front of my home 1. _____________________ (有座山)，which is very high. 2．_________________ (我不会忘记) the day when I climbed the mountain with my father. The sky was clear and the sun was shining brightly. 3. ________________________ (我父亲走得如此快) that he was far ahead of me. Not until he stopped to wait for me 4. ______________________ (我赶上他). 5. ________________________________________ (尽管我很累)，I didn't give up. 6. ________________ (当到达) the top，we felt a sense of achievement. 7．_____________________ (生活也是这样)．We shouldn't give up halfway，however great the difficulty is. Only in this way 8. ________________________ (我们才能成功)． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 润色添彩的引经据典 众所周知，谚语乃是一种语言的精华，寓意深刻，表达隽永。在高考写作中如能适当地引用一些谚语，可以为文章增光添彩。谚语的运用常体现在以下几个方面： (1)开门见山，引出下文 在高考作文中选择与主题有关的名言警句作为切入点，可以起到统领全篇、提纲挈领的作用，使文章中心发人深思，为文章增色。 (2)旁征博引，广为论证 在写作中，如果我们能把谚语作为文章的论据使用，能够增加语言的说服力，同时避免了因使用复杂句式而出现的语法失误，达到提高文章档次的目的。 (3)概括总结，提炼论点 高考英语作文要求对所论述的问题进行概括总结，提炼论点或得出结论。在文章结尾处使用谚语可起到画龙点睛，深化主题的作用。 【高考作文常用分类谚语】 1．关于学习的谚语 ①Knowledge starts with practice.知识来源于实践。 ②Never too late to learn. 活到老，学到老。 ③Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。 ④A little learning is a dangerous thing.一知半解是危险的事。 ⑤Look for the old so as to learn the new.温故而知新。 2．关于交友的谚语 ①A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。 ②The best mirror is an old friend.老朋友乃是最好的镜子。 ③A friend is a second self.朋友是第二个自我。④A friend is easier lost than found.朋友易失不易得。 ⑤A friend without faults will never be found. 世上没有十全十美的朋友。 ⑥He who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl. 近墨者黑。 3．关于健康的谚语 ①Health is better than wealth.健康胜过财富。 ②Sports is good for life. 生命在于运动。 ③An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一日一苹果，医生远离我。 ④A light heart lives long. 豁达者长寿。 4．关于成功的谚语 ①A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。 ②Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。 ③Every beginning is difficult.万事开头难。 ④No pains, no gains.不劳无获。 ⑤Talents come from diligence, and knowledge is gained by accumulation.天才在于勤奋，知识在于积累。 5．关于毅力的谚语 ①Life is great, if you don’t weaken.有了坚强的意志，才有伟大的人生。 ②Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。 ③Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.世上无难事，只要肯攀登。 ④Little by little one goes far.千里之行始于足下。 ⑤Little by little and bit by bit.坚持就是胜利。 ⑥Constant dropping wears away a stone. 滴水穿石。 6．关于帮助的谚语 ①All for one and one for all.人人为我，我为人人。 ②He is truly happy who makes others happy.使他人幸福的人才会真正幸福。 ③It is love that makes the world go round.爱心是永恒的力量。 ④It’s better to give than to receive. 给予总比接受好。 7．关于时间的谚语 ①Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不待人。 ②He that gains time gains all things.赢得时间就赢得一切。 ③Time is money.时间就是金钱。 ④Lost time is never found again. 时如东流水，一去不复返。 ⑤Busiest men find the most time. 最忙的人时间最多。 ⑥As every thread of gold is valuable, so is every moment of time.一寸光阴一寸金。 8．关于合作的谚语 ①One tree can’t make a forest.独木不成林。 ②For better or for worse.同甘共苦。 ③Union is strength.团结就是力量。 ④Two heads are better than one. 三个臭皮匠赛过诸葛亮。 ⑤Both together do best of all.人心齐，泰山移。 【引用谚语的常用表达】 1．As the saying goes, “A good beginning is half the battle.”正如谚语所说的那样，“良好的开端是成功的一半。” 2．Francis Bacon once said, “Knowledge is power.”弗朗西斯·培根曾经说过，“知识就是力量。” 3．As we all know, books are the ladder of human progress. 众所周知，书籍是人类进步的阶梯。 4．As a famous saying goes, “A friend is a present you give yourself.” 正如一句著名的谚语所说的，“朋友是你给自己的礼物。” 5．In a word, success is important, and so is failure, because it’s the mother of success. 总之，成功是重要的，失败也是重要的，因为它是成功之母。 6．It also helps me understand the proverb “Practice makes perfect.” 它也帮助我理解了这句谚语：“熟能生巧。” 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.活到老，学到老。 __________________________________. 2.好的开始等于成功的一半。 __________________________________. 3.早起的鸟儿有虫吃。 __________________________________. 4.今日事，今日毕。 __________________________________. 5.时间就是金钱。 __________________________________. 6.机会只青睐那些有准备的人。 __________________________________. 7.有志者事竟成。 __________________________________. 8.世上无难事，只要肯登攀。 __________________________________. 9.说起来容易，做起来难。 __________________________________. 10.欲速则不达。 __________________________________. 11.伟业非一日之功。 __________________________________. 12.千里之行，始于足下。 __________________________________. 13.失之毫厘，谬之千里。 __________________________________. 14.吃一堑，长一智。 __________________________________. 15.只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 __________________________________. 16.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。 __________________________________. 17.早睡早起身体好。 __________________________________. 18.任何事情都有两面性。 __________________________________. 19.良药苦口，忠言逆耳。 __________________________________. 20.三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮。 __________________________________. 21.天才不过是勤奋而已。 __________________________________. 22.谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。 __________________________________. 23.迟做总比不做好。 __________________________________. 24.失败是成功之母。 __________________________________. 25.细节决定成败。 __________________________________. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 用途各异的被动、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型 英文中被动语态的使用比汉语要多，要普遍。一般说来，当强调动作承受者、不必说出动作执行者或执行者含糊不清时，多用被动语态。被动语态因为更突出客观事实而被广泛使用。而虚拟语气是写作的“独门暗器”,能为写作增添一道亮丽的风景线。所以同学们在写作时也应该注意多用被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型，以赢得更高的分数。 一、被动语态集合 1．主动语态变被动语态 ①To enlarge vocabulary, we should read more native materials. →To enlarg evocabulary, more native materials should be read. ②They carried out a survey among 260 students. →A survey was carried out among 260 students. 2．写作中常见的被动语态 (1)be＋过去分词(be可使用各种时态) ①Nowadays, more and more English words are being used in the Chinese language.当今，越来越多的英语词汇正在汉语中使用。 ②Luckily she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearest hospital.幸运的是，她受伤不严重，并且我们把她送到了最近的医院。 (2)情态动词＋be＋过去分词 ①To improve the air quality, the use of private cars should be reduced.为了提高空气质量，应该减少使用私家车。 ②As can be seen from the chart, more and more people own mobile phones in China now.正如从表中所看到的，如今在中国拥有手机的人越来越多。 (3)get＋过去分词 ①The entrance to the parking place was too small and often got blocked.通往停车场的入口太小了，经常堵车。 ②I’m feeling very sorry to tell you that I have to change our plan to visit Yunnan in July, because one of my feet got injured.我很抱歉地告诉你我不得不改变我们七月份去云南旅游的计划，因为我的一只脚受伤了。 (4)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. (5)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. (6)在使役动词have make get以及感官动词see watch notice hear feel observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. (7)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词+介词”，“动词+副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 The meeting is to be put off till Friday. (8)非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。 I don't like being laughed at in the public. 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.花园门被那个女孩锁上了。(被动结构) ____________________________________. 2.那棵树被大风吹倒了。(被动结构) ____________________________________. 3.我们看到那棵树时，它已经被吹倒了。 ____________________________________. 4.老人被孩子们团团围住。(被动语态) ____________________________________. 5.我们因雾受阻。(被动语态) ____________________________________. 6.这座山终年被积雪覆盖。 ____________________________________. 二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 1.比较级的修饰语常见的有：much, even ，rather, still, a lot, a little, a bit, a great deal, far, by far, any(用于否定句或疑问句)等。 2.比较级＋than…“比……更……”；less…than“不如……”。 3.the＋比较级＋of (the)＋名词/代词 “(两者中)较……的”。 4.高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really, not quite, nothing like等。 【举一反三】根据所给的提示完成下面的句子 1．Andy is content with the toy.It is____________ (good) he has ever got. 2．Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ____________ (clean) than ever. 3．It may not be a great suggestion.But before a ______ _____ (good) one is put forward, we’ll make to deal with it. 4．This is ____________(迄今为止) the most inspiring movie that I have ever seen. 5．Tom is ____________(较勤奋的) boy of the two. 三、比较级表最高级的含义 1.形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋any (other)＋单数可数名词/any of the other＋复数名词/the others/any of the others表示“某人/某物比同一范围内的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“某人/某物最……”。 Tom is always studying harder than any other boy in the class.汤姆总是比班里其他男孩学习更努力。 2.“never…a/an＋比较级＋单数名词”表示“没……比这更……”。 I have never read a more interesting novel. 我从来没读过比这更有意思的小说。 【举一反三】汉译英 1．这部电影比我看过的其他任何电影都有趣。 ____________________________________. 2．我从来没看过更有趣的电影。 ____________________________________. 四、形容词、副词的特殊结构 1．the＋比较级＋…，the＋比较级＋…，意为“越……，就越……”。 The harder you work, the more progress you will make.你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。 2．比较级＋and＋比较级，意为“越来越……”。 Our motherland will become more and more powerful.我们的祖国将变得越来越强大。 3．no＋比较级＋than…，意为“两者都不……”。 The film is no better than that one.这两部电影都不好。 4．more…than…，意为“与其……不如……”。 He is more shy than frightened.与其说害怕，不如说他害羞。 5．can’t＋…＋enough/too…，意为“再……也不为过”。 You can’t be careful enough when driving a car.开车时，你再小心也不为过。 6．the last表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”“最不希望的”等。 The last thing they want is to work in the red areas where life is hard.他们最不乐意的是在生活艰难的红色区域里工作。 【举一反三】 1.根据所给的提示完成下面的句子 1．The____________ (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit. 2．I am convinced that my oral English ___________ _____________(会变得越来越好)． 3．I can’t say thank－you ____________much.I couldn’t have succeeded without your help. 4．I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend ____________(更多的) in the coming years. 2.翻译下面的句子 1．我和他的数学都不好。(no＋比较级＋than) ____________________________________. 2．与其说他聪明，不如说他勤奋。 ____________________________________. 五、表示倍数的几个常考句型 1．A is＋倍数＋as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as B 2．A is＋倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than B 3．A is＋倍数＋the＋性质名词(length/width/height/ weight/size)＋of B 【举一反三】 1.根据所给的提示完成下面的句子 1．It’s said that the power plant is now ____________ (two) as large as what it was. 2．This restaurant wasn’t____________(有……的一半好) that other restaurant we went to. 3．这间房子是那间房子的三倍大。 The room is 3 times as big as that one. ①＝The room is______________________ than than one. ②＝The room is 3 times ____________________ of that one. 六、虚拟语气 1、虚拟语气在非真实条件从句中的运用 if条件从句 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 与现在事实相反 动词过去式(be的过去式用were) should/would/could/might+动词原形 与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 should/would/could/might+have+过去分词 与将来事实相反 should+动词原形were to do动词过去式 should/would/could/might+动词原形 1.If I had taken his advice,I wouldn’t have missed such a good opportunity.如果我听了他的建议,我就不会错过这么好的一个机会了。 2.I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to understand them better.如果你能给我提供一些如何更好地理解它们的建议,我将非常感激。 2. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用 1）用于wish或would rather后的宾语从句中 对现在情况的虚拟 wish/would rather+主语+动词过去式(be动词用were) 对过去情况的虚拟 wish/would rather+主语+had+过去分词 对将来情况的虚拟 wish+主语+would/could+动词原形或would rather+主语+动词过去式 (be动词用were) Actually,how I wish I could raise questions in class! 事实上,我多么希望自己在课上能提出问题呀! I would rather you had come here to spend the holiday with me last month. 我宁愿上个月你来这儿和我共度假期了。 2）使用“should+动词原形”结构的虚拟语气 My teacher suggests that we (should) learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely. 老师建议我们(应该)学会冷静、明智地处理冲突。 3）在“It is (high) time+that从句”中从句要用虚拟语气,谓语动词用过去式或用“should+动词原形”。 It’s high time that we made the public realise the importance of saving energy. 到了我们让公众意识到节能的重要性的时候了。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1) I am not in Beijing now,or I will accompany you to the bookstore.（用虚拟语气） → _______________________________________________. 2)If I had formed a good habit of reciting something, _______________________________________________ (我就能够在英语方面取得更大的进步了). 3)一句多译:如果你能帮助我的话,我将非常感激。（用虚拟语气） ①_______________________________________________.(appreciate it) ②_______________________________________________.(be grateful) 4)Without them,people _________________________________ (就不能享受和谐) or the country would be in chaos. 5)They helped me yesterday.Otherwise _________________________________ (我就不能按时完成任务). 6）I wish _______________________________________________  (我没有错过出国学习的机会) last year. 7)我宁愿明天去北京。 _______________________________________________. 8)In order to settle the tough problem,I recommend that those caught do ing such things ___________________________________ (应该阅读一本鼓舞人心的书) every month and share it with all the other students. 9.我建议你和一些中国学生交朋友。（一句多译） ①_______________________________________________. (advise) ②_______________________________________________.(advice) 10.到了我们采取有效措施控制污染的时候了。（一句多译） ①_______________________________________________.(It’s time for sb. to do...) ②_______________________________________________.(It’s time that...) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $不落俗套的亮点词汇 写作中所谓的“高级词汇”指的是《课程标准》中有但课本中出现的频率不高而实际中经常用到,或《课程标准》中没有列入或没有识记要求,但在实际运用中却出现比较频繁的词汇(包括短语)。要让语言表达多样化,就要做到“人无我有,人有我优”。如果考生能恰当地运用此类词汇,在写作中定会给评卷老师留下深刻的印象,提高书面表达的得分。下面把写作中常用的高级词汇做一下简单总结,希望对同学们的写作有所裨益。 一、高级词汇 写作时,“高级词汇”如能运用贴切自然,哪怕整篇文章只用上一两个,也会为你的作文增添色彩。 1.标新立异 写作时要恰当得体地使用一些蕴含感情色彩,别人有可能想不到的词汇,恰当地求新求异。 We all have the same chance. We all possess the same chance (opportunity). We have a lot of homework to do at the weekend. We have endless homework to do at the weekend. 2.短语优先 多使用词组、习语来代替一些单词,以增加文采。 I can no longer bear the way he speaks to us. I can no longer put up with the way he speaks to us. The boy realized the danger and began to run away. The boy was aware of the danger and began to run away. 3.避免重复 尽量避免过多地使用某一个单词,必要时选择使用其他恰当的同义词或词组来代替。 I like reading while my brother likes watching football matches. I like reading while my brother enjoys watching football matches. 【常用高级词汇之名词】 1.机会 chance opportunity 2.选择 choice alternative 3.课程 course curriculum 4.影响 effect influence/impact 5.后果 result consequence 6.缺点 shortcoming drawback 7.方法way approach 8.职业job career/employment/profession 9.老人old people the old/the elderly/the aged/senior citizens 10.青少年young people youngsters/youths/adolescents 【常用高级词汇之动词】 1.看见see catch sight of 2.遇见meet come across 3.遭遇meet with encounter 4.拥有have possess 5.提高develop/improve promote 6.替代replace substitute 7.面对face be faced with 8.容忍bear put up with 9.解决solve deal with/cope with 10.决定decide determine/make up one’s mind 11.考虑consider take into account/consideration 12.应该should be supposed to 13.理解understand make sense of/figure out 14.使用use employ/make use of/take advantage of 15.道歉apologize make an apology 16.记住remember bear/keep in mind 17.发生happen occur/come about 18.参观visit tour/pay a visit to 19.感谢thank appreciate 20.帮助某人help sb. do sb. a favor 21.节省save set aside 22.想起think of occur/come up with 23.分发hand out distribute 24.站起stand up get to one’s feet 25.习惯于be used to be accustomed to 26.一定be sure to be bound to 27.为……做准备prepare for make preparations for/be prepared for 28.反对be against object to 29.厌烦be bored with be fed up with 30.忙于be busy in (with) be occupied in (with)/be buried in/be engaged in 31.闻名be famous for have a reputation for 32.感到舒心feel comfortable feel at ease 33.美化学校make our school beautiful beautify our school 34.置若罔闻refuse to listen to turn a deaf ear to 35.成功做某事succeed in doing sth. make it 36.想做某事want to do sth. seek/intend/desire to do sth. 37.照看look after attend to 38.尽力做某事try one’s best to do sth. spare no effort to do sth. 39.向某人寻求帮助ask someone for help turn to sb. for help 40.我认为I think in my opinion/as far as I’m concerned 41.“告诉” 用inform sb. of/that替换tell sb. that 42.“表达” 用convey替换express 43.“想要做” 用intend to do替换want to do 44.“意识到” 用be aware替换realize 45.“认真地” 用attentively替换carefully 46.“对……有好处” 用be of great benefit/be very beneficial/be rewarding替换be good/be helpful 47.“结果” 用as a consequence替换 as a result 48.“得到” 用acquire/obtain替换get 49.“擅长,精通” 用have a good command of/have a good knowledge of 50.“要求” 用request替换ask 51.“越来越……” 用increasingly替换more and more 52.“记住” 用keep/bear in mind替换remember 53.“参加” 用participate in/get involved in替换take part in 54.“在我看来” 用personally (speaking)替换in my opinion 55.“努力做某事” 用make every effort to do sth./spare no effort to do sth.替换try to do sth. 【常用高级词汇之形容词】 1.令人惊奇的surprising amazing/astonishing/shocking 2.贫穷的poor needy/poverty-stricken 3.优秀的excellent outstanding 4.明显的obvious apparent/evident 5.常见的common universal 6.充足的enough adequate 7.勤奋的hardworking diligent 8.可用的usable available 9.艰难的difficult challenging 10.坚强的strong tough 11.重要的important vital/significant 12.不可能的impossible out of the question 13.有趣的interesting absorbing/striking/appealing 14.小心谨慎的careful cautious 15.幸运的lucky fortunate 16.巨大的large enormous 17.合适的proper appropriate 18.丰富的rich abundant 19.古老的old ancient 20.唯一的only unique 21.全部的whole entire 22.富裕的rich wealthy 16.“各种各样的” 用various/varieties of/a variety of/a wide range of替换all kinds of 17.“由于” 用due to替换because of 18.“导致(某人做)某事” 用contribute to (doing) sth.替换lead to (doing) sth. 19.“忙于……” 用be occupied in doing sth./with sth.替换be busy in doing sth./with sth. 20.“好” 用outstanding/extraordinary替换good 【常用高级词汇之副词、连词、介词短语、数词】 1.突然suddenly all of a sudden 2.立即 immediately in a flash 3.有时sometimes occasionally/once in a while/from time to time 4.另外;况且besides in addition/what’s more/moreover 5.因此so therefore 6.第一 first to begin/start with 7不落俗套的亮点词汇 写作中所谓的“高级词汇”指的是《课程标准》中有但课本中出现的频率不高而实际中经常用到,或《课程标准》中没有列入或没有识记要求,但在实际运用中却出现比较频繁的词汇(包括短语)。要让语言表达多样化,就要做到“人无我有,人有我优”。如果考生能恰当地运用此类词汇,在写作中定会给评卷老师留下深刻的印象,提高书面表达的得分。下面把写作中常用的高级词汇做一下简单总结,希望对同学们的写作有所裨益。 一、高级词汇 写作时,“高级词汇”如能运用贴切自然,哪怕整篇文章只用上一两个,也会为你的作文增添色彩。 1.标新立异 写作时要恰当得体地使用一些蕴含感情色彩,别人有可能想不到的词汇,恰当地求新求异。 We all have the same chance. We all possess the same chance (opportunity). We have a lot of homework to do at the weekend. We have endless homework to do at the weekend. 2.短语优先 多使用词组、习语来代替一些单词,以增加文采。 I can no longer bear the way he speaks to us. I can no longer put up with the way he speaks to us. The boy realized the danger and began to run away. The boy was aware of the danger and began to run away. 3.避免重复 尽量避免过多地使用某一个单词,必要时选择使用其他恰当的同义词或词组来代替。 I like reading while my brother likes watching football matches. I like reading while my brother enjoys watching football matches. 【常用高级词汇之名词】 1.机会 chance opportunity 2.选择 choice alternative 3.课程 course curriculum 4.影响 effect influence/impact 5.后果 result consequence 6.缺点 shortcoming drawback 7.方法way approach 8.职业job career/employment/profession 9.老人old people the old/the elderly/the aged/senior citizens 10.青少年young people youngsters/youths/adolescents 【常用高级词汇之动词】 1.看见see catch sight of 2.遇见meet come across 3.遭遇meet with encounter 4.拥有have possess 5.提高develop/improve promote 6.替代replace substitute 7.面对face be faced with 8.容忍bear put up with 9.解决solve deal with/cope with 10.决定decide determine/make up one’s mind 11.考虑consider take into account/consideration 12.应该should be supposed to 13.理解understand make sense of/figure out 14.使用use employ/make use of/take advantage of 15.道歉apologize make an apology 16.记住remember bear/keep in mind 17.发生happen occur/come about 18.参观visit tour/pay a visit to 19.感谢thank appreciate 20.帮助某人help sb. do sb. a favor 21.节省save set aside 22.想起think of occur/come up with 23.分发hand out distribute 24.站起stand up get to one’s feet 25.习惯于be used to be accustomed to 26.一定be sure to be bound to 27.为……做准备prepare for make preparations for/be prepared for 28.反对be against object to 29.厌烦be bored with be fed up with 30.忙于be busy in (with) be occupied in (with)/be buried in/be engaged in 31.闻名be famous for have a reputation for 32.感到舒心feel comfortable feel at ease 33.美化学校make our school beautiful beautify our school 34.置若罔闻refuse to listen to turn a deaf ear to 35.成功做某事succeed in doing sth. make it 36.想做某事want to do sth. seek/intend/desire to do sth. 37.照看look after attend to 38.尽力做某事try one’s best to do sth. spare no effort to do sth. 39.向某人寻求帮助ask someone for help turn to sb. for help 40.我认为I think in my opinion/as far as I’m concerned 41.“告诉” 用inform sb. of/that替换tell sb. that 42.“表达” 用convey替换express 43.“想要做” 用intend to do替换want to do 44.“意识到” 用be aware替换realize 45.“认真地” 用attentively替换carefully 46.“对……有好处” 用be of great benefit/be very beneficial/be rewarding替换be good/be helpful 47.“结果” 用as a consequence替换 as a result 48.“得到” 用acquire/obtain替换get 49.“擅长,精通” 用have a good command of/have a good knowledge of 50.“要求” 用request替换ask 51.“越来越……” 用increasingly替换more and more 52.“记住” 用keep/bear in mind替换remember 53.“参加” 用participate in/get involved in替换take part in 54.“在我看来” 用personally (speaking)替换in my opinion 55.“努力做某事” 用make every effort to do sth./spare no effort to do sth.替换try to do sth. 【常用高级词汇之形容词】 1.令人惊奇的surprising amazing/astonishing/shocking 2.贫穷的poor needy/poverty-stricken 3.优秀的excellent outstanding 4.明显的obvious apparent/evident 5.常见的common universal 6.充足的enough adequate 7.勤奋的hardworking diligent 8.可用的usable available 9.艰难的difficult challenging 10.坚强的strong tough 11.重要的important vital/significant 12.不可能的impossible out of the question 13.有趣的interesting absorbing/striking/appealing 14.小心谨慎的careful cautious 15.幸运的lucky fortunate 16.巨大的large enormous 17.合适的proper appropriate 18.丰富的rich abundant 19.古老的old ancient 20.唯一的only unique 21.全部的whole entire 22.富裕的rich wealthy 16.“各种各样的” 用various/varieties of/a variety of/a wide range of替换all kinds of 17.“由于” 用due to替换because of 18.“导致(某人做)某事” 用contribute to (doing) sth.替换lead to (doing) sth. 19.“忙于……” 用be occupied in doing sth./with sth.替换be busy in doing sth./with sth. 20.“好” 用outstanding/extraordinary替换good 【常用高级词汇之副词、连词、介词短语、数词】 1.突然suddenly all of a sudden 2.立即 immediately in a flash 3.有时sometimes occasionally/once in a while/from time to time 4.另外;况且besides in addition/what’s more/moreover 5.因此so therefore 6.第一 first to begin/start with 7.第二 second in addition/what’s more 8.最终 finally eventually 9.但是 but however 10.大多数most the majority 11.许多 a lot of a large quantity/amount of/endless 12.种类繁多的 all kinds of a variety of/varieties of/various 13.事实上in fact as a matter of fact/actually 14.例如for example for instance 15.几天前a few days ago the other day 16.故意 on purpose deliberately/by design 17.因为 because of on account of/due to/owing to/thanks to 18.总之 in a word to sum up/in conclusion/in summary 19.由……构成be made up of consist of 20.越来越多more and more an increasing number of 21.因为because in that 22.一……就…… as soon as从句 on/upon+名词 23.如果if suppose/supposing/on condition that 24.即将到来be coming soon be around/round the corner 25.应该 用be supposed to替换should 26.令人担忧 用of great concern替换worrying 27.常常 用tend to替换usually 28.至关重要” 用vital/of great significance/of great importance替换important 29.帮助 用lend a helping hand to替换help 30.解释 用account for替换explain 二、使用高级句式,让句子靓起来 1.恰当使用被动语态 Above all, we must do something to stop pollution. Above all, something must be done to stop pollution. 2.使用强调句 The accident happened the other day. The accident did happen the other day. He didn't come to the party because he was very busy. It was because he was very busy that he didn't come to the party. 3.使用倒装句 We can only improve our English in this way. Only in this way can we improve our English. We don't know its value until we lose health. Not until we lose health do we know its value. 4.使用省略句 Although they were faced with many problems, they didn't lose heart. Although faced with many problems, they didn't lose heart. 5.使用感叹句 We had a very good time with the peasants that day. What a good time we had with the peasants that day! 6.使用with复合结构 Because there was too much noise, I couldn't go on studying. With the noise going on, I couldn't go on studying. 7.使用虚拟语气 I didn't take his advice, so I failed in the exam. If I had taken his advice, I wouldn't have failed in the exam. It's time for us to take measures to protect the wild animals. It's high time that we took measures to protect the wild animals. 【常用高级句式】 1. It goes without saying that…不用说…… It goes without saying that it’s very important to learn English well.不用说学好英语非常重要. 2. There is no denying (the fact) that…=It can’t be denied that…不可否认的是…… There is no denying the fact that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.不可否认的是成功事业的关键在于健康的身心. 3. I’m greatly convinced that…我深信…… I’m greatly convinced that prevention is better than cure.我深信预防胜于治疗. 4. cannot attach too much importance to……无论怎么重视……都不为过分 We cannot attach too much importance to the value of environmental protection.我们无论怎么重视环境保护的重要性都不为过分. 5.In my opinion, …=From my point of view, … As far as I know, …=As far as I’m concerned, …依我看,……就我个人来看,…… As far as I’m concerned, playing computer games not only takes too much time but also does great harm to health.就我个人来看,玩电脑游戏不仅花太多时间,而且对身体有害。 6. As we all know, …=As everyone knows, …众所周知,…… As everyone knows, the Internet has a great effect on our everyday life and work.众所周知,英特网对我们的日常生活产生了很大的影响。 7. There is no doubt that…毫无疑问…… There is no doubt that near sightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.毫无疑问,近视在我国的年轻人中是一个严重的问题。 8. According to my personal experience, …=Based on my personal experience, …根据我个人的经验,… Based on my personal experience, a smile is of great help in communication with others.根据我个人的经验,微笑在与人交际中有很大的帮助。 9. With the growth of…=With the increase of…随着……的增长 With the rapid growth of prices, I can’t make ends meet every month.随着物价的快速增长,我每月都不能收支平衡。 10. With the development of…随着……的发展 With the development of Taiwan’s economy, a lot of social problems have arisen.随着台湾经济的发展,很多社会问题出现了。 11. It’s a common social phenomenon that… ……是一个普遍的社会现象. It’s a common social phenomenon that teenagers are addicted to surfing the Internet.青少年沉溺于上网是一个普遍的社会现象。 12. In the age of…, 在……时代 In the age of information, the computer plays an important part in our life.在信息时代,电脑在我们的生活中起着重要的作用。 13.It’s important that主语(should)+动词原形… ……是重要的 It’s necessary that主语(should)+动词原形… ……是必要的 It’s important that we should keep public places clean.我们应当保持公共场所清洁是很重要的。 14.It’s high time that主语+动词过去时 该是……做……的时候 It’s high time that we took action to get rid of the bad habit.该是我们采取行动戒掉这坏习惯的时候了。 15.It is said that从句 据说…… It is reported that从句 据报道…… It is expected that从句 据预料…… It is estimated that从句 据估计…… It is believed that从句 (人们)一般相信…… It is thought that从句 (人们)一般认为…… It is generally acknowledged that从句 (人们)普遍认为…… It is generally acknowledged that reading can increase our knowledge and broaden our horizons.人们普遍认为阅读能增长我们的知识拓宽我们的视野。 16. As an old saying goes, …俗话说/常言道…… As an old saying goes, “Honesty is the best policy.”俗话说:“诚实是上策。” 17.The reasons for this are as follows.原因如下: The reasons for the changes are as follows. Firstly, people’s living standard has been greatly improved. Secondly, most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like. Last but not least, more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.变化的原因如下:第一:人们的生活水平大大提高了;第二,大多数人工资高,买得起他们所需要或者喜欢的东西;最后就是越来越多的人宁愿享受现代生活。 18.It does us a lot of good=It benefits us quite a lot.这对我们有很大的好处。 19.Just as every coin has two sides, cars have both advantages and disadvantages.正如任何事物都有两面性,汽车有利也有弊。 20.It does us a lot of harm=It is very harmful to us.这对我们非常有害。 21.take measures to+动词原形 采取措施做…… take action to+动词原形 采取行动做…… The government should take active and effective measures to solve the housing problem.政府应该采取积极的有效的措施来解决住房问题。 22.We have good reason to believe that从句 我们有理由相信…… We have good reason to believe that the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be a great success.我们有理由相信2008年的北京奥运会将非常成功。 23. Great changes have taken place in… ……发生了巨大的变化。 Great changes have taken place in our life in the past twenty years.在过去的20年中,我们的生活发生了巨大的变化。 24.We cannot ignore the fact that从句 我们不能忽视这个事实…… We cannot ignore the fact that many old people live a lonely life.我们不能忽视很多老人过着孤独的生活这个事实。 We cannot ignore the fact that an increasing number of teenagers are overweight.我们不能忽视越来越多的青少年过于肥胖这个事实。 25. Compared with…=In comparison with…与……相比 In comparison with letters e-mails are faster and more convenient.与信件相比,电子邮件更快更方便。 26.It can be seen that从句 可以看出…… From the graph listed above, it can be seen that a growing number of people are learning and using English now.从以上所列图表,可以看出越来越多的人在学习和使用英语。 27. All in all,…=In short, …=Generally speaking, …=In a word, …=In summary, …总之/总的来讲/总的来说 In summary, to keep up a good state of mind is the most important of all.总的来讲,保持良好的心态最最重要。 28.come to the conclusion that从句 得出结论 From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary, however, its method should be improved.根据以上所述,我们可以得出结论考试是必要的,但是其方法应该改进。 29. Only by doing,…can we…只有通过……,我们才能…… Only by taking exercise, can we keep fit.只有通过锻炼,我们才能保持健康。 30.On no account can we ignore the importance of team cooperation.我们绝对不能忽视团队协作的重要性。 31.There is no one but.定语从句 没有人不…… There is no one but longs to go to college.没有人不渴望上大学。 There is no one but longs to live a peaceful and quiet life.没有人不渴望过和平安宁的生活。 32. be forced to do…=be obliged to do…不得不做/被迫做 Since the examination is around the corner, we are obliged to give up doing sports.由于考试迫在眉睫,我们不得不放弃进行体育活动。 33.the+比较的,the+比较级 愈……,愈……/越……,越…… The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.你愈努力,进步愈大。 The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心,犯的错误越少。 34. That is the reason why…那就是……的原因。 That is the reason why I don’t like football.那就是我不喜欢足球的原因。 35. spare no effort(s) to do…不遗余力做…… We should spare no effort(s) to beautify our environment.我们应该不遗余力来美化我们的环境。 36. …be closely related to… ……与……密切相关 Taking exercise is closely related to health.锻炼与健康密切相关。 37. get into the habit of doing…=make it a rule to do…养成……习惯 I make it a rule to go to bed early and get up early.我养成了早睡早起的习惯。 38. do one’s best to do…=try one’s best to do…=do one’s utmost to do…尽全力做…… I will do my utmost to achieve my goal in life.我会尽全力去实现我的人生目标。 39. be against…=be opposed to…=object to… 反对…… We object to the plan that a chemical plant should be built near our school.我们反对在我们学校建一个化工厂这个计划。 40.hold the view that从句=hold the opinion that从句 认为……/持……观点 The majority of the students hold the view that middle school students should not carry and use cell phones at school.大多数学生认为中学生不应该在校携带和使用手机。 41. be in favor of… 支持……/赞成…… I am in favor of the opinion that we should still take exercise every day even though we are in Senior Three.我赞成这个观点即使是高三了我们还是应该进行体育锻炼。 42. live in harmony with…与……和谐共存 I am greatly convinced that we can live in harmony with wild animals and plants.我深信我们能与野生动植物和谐共存。 43. appreciate sth./doing感谢…… I really appreciate your help from the bottom of my heart.我从内心深处感谢你的帮助。 I really appreciate your lending me some money when I am in trouble.我真的很感谢你我在困难时期你借给我钱。 44. be responsible for…对……负责 We should learn how to be responsible for our own behavior.我们应该学会怎样对自己的行为负责。 45. sb. be to blame for… 某人应该对……负责/某人应该为……受责备 The driver is to blame for the traffic accident.司机应该对这起交通事故负责。 46. only in this way, can we…只有这样,我们才能…… Only in this way, can we get on well with others.只有这样,我们才能与人相处融洽。 47. It is/was…that…强调句型的运用 It is because of your help that my dream has come true.就是因为你的帮助我的梦想才得以实现。 It was my carelessness that led to this big fire. I am to blame for it.就是我的粗心大意才导致这场大火,我应该对此负责。 It is our own hard work that really counts.就是只有我们自己的努力那才是真正重要的。 48. On one hand … 一方面…… On the other hand, …另一方向… On one hand, the computer plays an important part in our daily life, but on the other hand, it does have a bad effect on students.一方面,电脑在我们的日常生活中起着重要作用,但是另一方面它也确实对学生产生了很坏的影响。 49. for one thing … 其一……for another … 其二…… For one thing, I am fond of travelling and I like to go into nature. For another, travelling can broaden my horizons and enrich my knowledge.其一,我热爱旅行,喜欢走进大自然;其二,旅行拓宽了我的视野,丰富了我的知识。 50. on the contrary … 相反…… On the contrary, the rest hold the opinion that Internet slang should not be forbidden.相反,其他人认为网络语言不应该被禁止。 51. Contrary to…, 与……相反 Contrary to what I had originally thought, the journey turned out to be fun.与我原先所想的相反,这次旅行结果非常有趣。 52. Besides …=In addition … 另外,……/再说,…… And what’s more, … 而且…… And worse still, 而且更糟糕的是…… The house is too small for a family of four. In addition , it is in a bad location.这房子对于4口之家来说太小了,再说,它的地理位置也差。 53.namely=that is (to say)也就是/即 Today we have an important topic to discuss, namely, the question of education.今天我们有一个重要话题讨论,即教育的问题。 54. Nowadays… 当今/如今 Nowadays a growing number of people are beginning to learn English.当今越来越多的人正开始学英语。 Nowadays people attach more importance to education.如今人们更加重视教育了。 55. To tell the truth …=To be honest …=To be frank …老实说,……/说老实话,……/坦率地说,…… To be frank, I don’t do well in maths.坦率地说,我的数学不够好。 56.to make matters worse(让情况)更为糟糕的是…… We got lost in the forest, and to make matters worse, it was getting dark.我们在森林里迷路了,而且更为糟糕的是天又快黑了。 57. To begin with …=To start with … 首先,…… To begin with, we should try every means to raise enough money for the project.首先,我们应该想尽一切办法为这个工程筹集足够的资金。 58.needless to say不必说/不用说 Needless to say, it is our duty to help and care for the old people.不用说,帮助和关爱老人是我们的职责。 59. There is no point (in) doing… 做……毫无意义 There is no point talking without taking any action.空谈而不采取任何行动毫无意义。 60. To sum up …=In conclusion, …概括地说/总体来说 To sum up, there are three ways of solving the problem.总体来说,有3种解决该问题的方法。 61. in view of…,=considering…=given…=in the light of…鉴于;考虑到 In view of the practical need of work, more and more people are interested in learning English.鉴于工作的实际需要,越来越多的人对学英语感兴趣了。 Considering the present situation, we should be more careful.鉴于目前的形势,我们应该更加小心才是。 62.A recent survey shows that从句 最近一项调查表明…… A recent survey shows that many old people have a strong desire to go to college for further education.最近一项调查表明很多的老人强烈希望上大学进修。 63.From the chart listed above, we can see that从句 根据以上所列图表,我们可以看出…… From the chart listed above, we can see the number of private cars is getting larger. Then there are more traffic accidents than before, and meanwhile, air pollution is another serious problem.根据以上所列图表,我们可以看出私家车越来越多,那么交通事故也比以前多了,同时,空气污染也成了另一个严重问题。 64. When it comes to…, many people believe that从句 当谈到……,很多人认为…… When it comes to health, many people believe that it is good for us to eat more vegetables and fruit.当谈到健康的时候,很多人认为多吃蔬菜水果对我们有好处。 65. As a matter of fact …=In fact … 实际上……/事实上,…… As a matter of fact, I am in need of experience in this field.实际上,在这个领域我缺乏经验。 66.However, it is a pity that从句 然而,遗憾的是…… However, it is a pity that he should always ignore the importance of learning English well.然而,遗憾的是他竟然总是忽视学英语的重要性。 67. People’s opinions about“…”vary from person to person.关于“……”,人们的观点各有不同。 People’s opinions about “The popularity of western festivals” vary from person to person.关于“西方节日的流行”这一话题,人们的观点各有不同。 68. Owing to…=Due to…=Thanks to…=Because of…=On account of…=As a result of…由于……/因为…… As a result of the rare heavy snow, many people couldn’t go back to their hometown to spend the Spring Festival.因为这场罕见的大雪,很多人不能回家乡过春节。 69.Not only can we+动词原形but also we can+动词原形 我们不仅能够……而且还能…… Not only can we build up our bodies but also we can reduce exhaust emission and ease traffic congestion.我们不仅能够强身健体而且还能降低尾气排放、减缓交通堵塞。(有关骑自行车好处的作文) 70. We cannot (can never) emphasize the importance of…too much.我们无论怎么强调……的重要性都不为过。 We can never emphasize the importance of safety education too much.我们无论怎么强调安全教育的重要性都不为过。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.只有通过这种方式,我们才能生活 在更加美丽舒适的环境中。(倒装句) _. 2.公园里空气清新,喷泉美丽,阳光 灿烂并且伴有鸟儿在歌唱。(with复合结构) _. 3.在昨天下午的篮球比赛中,苏华和李江在抢球时撞在了一起。(分词作伴随状语) _. 4.经验告诉我,不是你得到的东西而是你如何利用它决定了你是怎样的一个人。(被动语态;强调句) _. 5.毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。 _. 6.使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。 _. 7.我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。 _. 8.时间是如此珍贵,我们经不起浪费它。 _. 9.没有比接受教育更重要的事。 _. 10.海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。 _. 11.我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。 _. 12.不可否认的,我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。 _. 13.全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。 _. 14.虽然我们的国家富有,我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。 _. 15.我们书读愈多,我们愈有学问。 _. 16.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。 _. 17.该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。 _. 18.违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。 _. 19.没有人不渴望上大学。 _. 20.既然考试迫在眉睫,我不得不放弃做运动。 _. 21可想而知,知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。 _. 22.夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。 _. 23.自从他上高中,他一直很用功。 _. 24.社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。 _. 25.我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。 _. 26.我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。 _. 27.因为他的鼓励,我终于实现我的梦想。 _. 28.我们的交通状况令人不满意。 _. 29.我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标 _. 答案:1. Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings. 2. The park was full of freshness and beauty of spring, with the sun shining and birds singing. 3. During the basketball game yesterday afternoon, Su Hua and Li Jiang bumped into each other, trying to catch the ball. 4. My Experience tells me that it is not what you are given but how you make use of it that determines who you are. 5. There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired. 6. An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create (produce) any pollution. 7. The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air. / The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us. 8. So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it. 9. Nothing is more important than to receive education. 10. Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 11. We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 12. There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. 13. It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 14.Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. 15.The more books we read,the more learned we become. 16. On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. 17. It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems. 18. Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished. 19. There is no one but longs to go to college. 20.Since the examination is around the corner,I am compelled to give up doing sports. 21. It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life. 22. Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don't like it. 23.Since he went to senior high school,he has worked very hard. 24. The progress of the society is based on harmony. 25. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment. 26. We should bring home to people the value of working hard. 27.Thanks to his encouragement,I finally realized my dream. 28. The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired. 29. We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life. 【雕词琢句】 1)很多事情导致了交通问题。 Quite a few things _ the traffic problem. 2)我真诚地希望你能考虑我的建议。 I sincerely hope you will _ my suggestions _. 3)除了采取措施向污染宣战,我们别无选择。 We _ but to take measures to fight against pollution. 4)我突然想到一个好主意。 All of a sudden,a good idea _ me. 5)我们应该记住不劳无获。 We should _ that no pain, no gain. 6)新技术的应用和影视明星的巨大吸引力也是票房收入增长的原因。 The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars _. 7)票房收入的增长有多种因素。_ . 8)你应该抓住这个机会克服这个缺点。 You should seize _ to overcome_. 9)不同的人对食品安全的问题有着不同的看法。 _ have different opinions about the safety of food. 10)这是一个你和其他人分享照片的好机会。 _ . 11)越来越多的人选择在网上看电影。_ . 12)In the coming three years,our school life _ (具有挑战性). 13)As a matter of fact,obeying the traffic rules _ (非常重要). 14)Hearing the exciting news,all of us _ (欣喜若狂). 15)At first, please read some materials about poetry of the Tang Dynasty, which _ (在我们的文学中起着重要的作用). 16) _ (毫不犹豫),I decided to follow them and did have lots of fun that day. 17) _ (最后),we worked out the difficult problem which _ (对他们来讲极其困难). 18)昨天雨下得很大。因此,我们取消了会议。 _ . 19)汽车在他前面突然停下了。 _ . 20)事实上,每个人都有自己的优点和缺点。 _ . 21)考虑到他的年龄,他做得已经相当不错了。 _ . 22)总之,为了提高普通话水平,你最好多加练习。 _ . 答案:1) give rise to/contribute to/result in/lead to 2) take ; into account /consideration. 3) have no alternative 4) occurred to 5) keep/bear in mind 6) can also account for the increase of the box-office income. 7) The increase of the box-office income can be attributed to a number of factors. 8) the opportunity ; the drawback. 9) Different individuals 10) This is a good opportunity for you to share your photos with others. 11) An increasing number of people choose to watch movies on the Internet. 12) will be challenging 13) vital/significant/of great significance 14) were wild with joy 15) plays a significant role in our literature 16) Without hesitation 17) Eventually;was extremely tough for them 18) It rained heavily yesterday. Therefore/Consequently,we called off the meeting. 19) The car stopped in front of him all of a sudden/abruptly. 20) As a matter of fact,everyone has his own strengths and weaknesses. 21) In view of his age,he has done it very well. 22) In conclusion,in order to improve your Mandarin,you had better practice more. 【用高级词汇升级下面考生作文中的加黑词汇并背诵(电子邮件)】 Dear Jason, I'm 1.very(_) happy to hear from you and know about your beautiful home city London. Now I'd like to tell you something about my hometown Quanzhou. Quanzhou is a beautiful place for people to live in. Its economy has been developing 2.fast(_) during the past ten years. New bridges and roads have been 3.built(_) with high-rise buildings standing in many parts of the city. 4.More and more(_) schools and hospitals are 5.useful(_) for the native people. It is developing into a modern and 6.beautiful(_) city.7.But(_,) there are still some problems,such as heavy traffic in rush hours and 8.serious(_) air pollution,which have a bad 9.effect(_) on people's daily life.10.I think(_) Quanzhou should develop healthily and scientifically,so that we could have a better hometown in future. Yours, Li Hua 答案:1. extremely 2. rapidly 3. constructed 4. A growing number of 5. of great use 6. attractive 7. Nevertheless 8. severe9. influence 10. I'm firmly convinced 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 避免头重脚轻的it句式 it除了用作人称代词外，还常用作形式主语或形式宾语，有时也可以用在一些固定句型中。灵活地运用it句式可使文章更高级，结构更紧凑。 一、it作形式主语的常用句型 在英语中，为了避免头重脚轻，经常运用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语后置，作真正主语的常为不定式或从句，有时也可用动名词。 1.It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary/ right/ likely/ unlikely/ wrong/ important/ certain等)＋that从句 1)It is quite clear that any terrorist activities in China is doomed to failure．很清楚，在中国任何恐怖活动都是注定要失败的。 2) It is wonderful that my father has quit smoking at last. 我父亲最后把烟戒掉了，这是太好了。 3) It is certain that the factory will greatly raise their efficiency if they have modern machines and tools. 可以肯定的是，如果这家工厂拥有现代化的机器和设备，它将大幅度的提高生产率。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.与此同时，政府有必要鼓励人们在公共场所举止行为要适当。 ________________________________________________________。 2.确实，智能手机在我们日常生活中扮演重要的角色。 ________________________________________________________。 3. ________________（很显然对于学生们）they should get well prepared for their future.（obvious） 2.It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句 1) It's my great privilege to be here, sharing this moment with our friends from the Great Britain.在这儿与来自英国的朋友共度此刻是我的莫大荣幸。 2) It's really a pity that I can't make it to communicate with you face to face, and I'm sorry for that. 的确遗憾的是没能与你面对面交流，为此我非常抱歉。 3)I know it is time for me to set out to do my homework, but I just can't resist playing computer games.我知道是开始做作业的时候了，但我就是忍不住要玩电脑游戏。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.最后，尽管我们是孩子，但是自控是我们的职责，它会对我们的生活和学习大有帮助。 ________________________________________________________。 2._________________(是一个事实)that English is being accepted as an international language. （fact） 3.很遗憾，这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客没有吸引力。________________________________________________________。 3.It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)＋that从句 1) It is said that he used to be a manager of a big company. 据说他曾经是大公司的经理。 2) It is believed that smoking causes cancer. 人们认为吸烟能致癌。 3) It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people. 据说，这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的说服别人的能力。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.众所周知，“有志者事竟成”。________________________________________________________。 2. ______________（已经宣布）that we’ll have a three-day holiday next month. （announce）________________________________________________________。 3. ______________ smoking causes cancer. 人们认为吸烟致癌。 ________________________________________________________。 4.It＋特殊动词(seems, appears, happens, matters)＋that从句 1) Did it ever occur to you that you would end up in prison if you continued behaving like that? 你就没想到如果继续这样做最终会被关进监狱吗？ 2) It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles. 她似乎一生都在忙碌她所选择的事业，赴国外进修，还著书。 3) It occurred to her that he is such a man whose words always belie his mind.她突然想起了他总是一个言不由衷的人。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1._________________ he met his teacher in Australia.他碰巧在澳大利亚碰见了他的老师。 2._______________ they used sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin.看样子他们用磨尖的的石器来切割野兽并剥皮。 3.__________________ at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.想我这个年纪，身体健康，而且能够在一个下午骑车20公里好像很令人惊讶。 5其它it做形式主语固定句式 1．It goes without saying that...不用说…… It goes without saying that modern technology brings us convenience and comfort in life. 2．It benefits sb. to do sth.做某事对某人有益 It really benefited me a lot to preview lessons, get actively involved in class, and review what had been taught in class.课前预习、课堂上专心听讲并复习课堂上所学的东西真的使我受益匪浅。 3．It takes (sb.) some time/energy/effort...to do sth. It took them about half an hour to work out the difficult maths problem.他们花了大约半个小时的时间才解出这道数学难题。 4．It is the first/second...time that...这是第一/二……次…… It is the first time that he has won the Nobel Prize for Literature.这是他第一次获得诺贝尔文学奖。 5．It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...自从……多长时间了 It has been two weeks since you came here for the exchange program, which has benefited us all. 自从你来这儿作交换项目已两周，这对我们都有益。 6．It＋be＋一段时间＋before...多次之后就/才…… Don't be upset. It will be half a year before we meet again.不要伤心了，半年之后我们还会再见面。 7．When it comes to...当谈到…… When it comes to the season I like best, spring will always occur to me in no time.当谈到我最喜欢的季节，我会立刻想到春天。 8．I'd appreciate it if...如果……我将感激不尽 Now that the winter holiday is around the corner, I would appreciate it if you could post the new book as soon as possible according to the new address.既然寒假即将来临，如果你按新地址给我邮寄新书我将感激不尽。 9.It doesn‘t matter who/whether/if等从句 It doesn't matter whether it is expensive or not.它是否昂贵并不重要。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.____________________ since I enjoyed myself so much.我好多天没玩得这么开心了。 2.It is the second time___________________ .这是我第二次在公共场合演讲。 3.____________________ we come here again. 过不了多久我们又会来这儿的。 4._________________________. 万事开头难。（谚语必背） 5._____________________________ I realized she was a famous film star.直到他取下他的墨镜我才认识到他是电影名星。 二、it作形式宾语及其他的常用句型 it除了可以作形式主语外，还可作形式宾语，作形式宾语和在一些常见句型中的应用都可以提升文章的档次，使文章更高级。 1.动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe, guess, suppose, assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。 1) I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我认为我们每天喝大量的开水是必要的。(it是形式宾语，that从句是真正的宾语) 2) I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。(it是形式宾语，when引导的从句是真正的宾语) 3) Eva found it very difficult to work out this problem. 伊娃发现这道题很难整。 2.有些动词带宾语从句时，需要在宾语从句前加it，这类动词(短语)主要有：hate, like, owe, have, appreciate, see to等。 1) I hate it when people talk with their mouth full. 我讨厌人们说话时满口食物。 2) I hate it when you can’t discuss things openly. 我讨厌你们不能开诚布公的讨论问题。 3) I would appreciate it if you paid in cash. 假如你支付现金，我不胜感激。 3. 其它it做形式宾语固定句式 1) Sb. likes/loves/hates/dislikes it when...某人喜欢/不喜欢…… I dislike it when a Chinese host keeps serving me the food I don't like. 我不喜欢中国主人不停地给我夹我不喜欢的菜。 Please see to it that everything is ready.请留意一切要准备就绪。 2) take it for granted that I took it for granted that they were not coming. 我认为他们不会来。 3) owe it to sb. that 表示“全靠---”。 Davy owes it to his wife’s care that he is well again.全靠他的妻子的照顾，大卫的病才得以痊愈。 4) put it (to sb. ) that”表示“向某人表明……，清楚地表达……”。 I have put it to you that you are the only person I believe in. 我已清楚向你表明你是我唯一信任的人。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. What's worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians _______________ obey traffic rules.更糟的是，一些司机、骑车人和行人不认为遵守交通规则很重要。 2. In a word, wild release ________________________ to choose what books we like.总之，自由分享使得我们选择所喜欢的书籍方便得多。 3. I am very glad and ____________________________ for the vice­president of the English club. 我很高兴，我认为竞选英语俱乐部副主席是一件荣耀的事情。 4.____________ my class, I have to say that I can't stand some classmates' selfishness. 当谈及我所在的班级时，我必须说我不能忍受一些同学的自私。 5.它给像你和我一样的青少年提供了一个享受运动和了解中国文化的机会。 ____________________， like you and me, ______________ sports and learn about Chinese culture. 6.在教师节那天，我们的英语老 师李老师一定发现她连一张来自学生的问候卡都没收到，这很奇怪。(宾语从句，it作形式宾语) 三、重点突出的强调句型 强调句型可强调除谓语动词和表语外的其他任何成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。强调句型的灵活运用不仅有助于增强表达效果，突出要强调的重点，更能彰显考生对英语表达的把握能力。其基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他。 1.It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他。 1) It is the time and energy we spend on the present that makes it valuable rather than the money we pay. 珍贵的是我们在礼物上花费的时间和精力，而非我们所花的钱。 2) It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts. 有价值的不是故事本身,而是故事所反映的内容。 3) It is the people who obey the rules that matter. 至关重要的是遵守这些规则的人们。 2.Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他？ 1) Was it in that park that the children saw the strange green objects? 正是在那个公园里孩子们看见了那些奇怪的绿色物体吗？ 2) Was it yesterday that you met your teacher in the street? 你是昨天在大街上碰到你老师的吗？ 3.特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他？ 1) When was it that you made up your mind to work as a volunteer teacher? 是什么时候你下定决心要当一名志愿者老师的？ 2) Who was it that told you such a thing? 究竟是谁告诉你这件事的？ 3) Why was it that you didn't come to the meeting yesterday? 究竟是为什么你昨天没有来开会？ 4．It is/was not until ...that... 1)It was not until he couldn't convey his feelings in English that he realized how important it was to have a good command of English.直到他不能用英语表达他的情感，他才意识到精通英语是多么的重要。 2)It is not only your enthusiasm but also your teamwork and good spirits that impress us.不仅是你的热情，而且团队合作和良好的精神状态给我们留下了深刻的印象。 3) It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.直到他妻子回来了他才去睡觉。 5.强调谓语时，借助于do/does/did＋动词原形 1) Well, I do have to rest a lot. 哦，我的确需要好好休息。 2) However, what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible. 不过我确实知道我的女朋友觉得我的烟味很难闻。 3) Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！ 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.用强调句型进行句型转换 1) The teacher's praise contributes to my success. →______________________________________________________________. 2) We created a harmonious atmosphere with sincerity and faithfulness. →______________________________________________________________. 2.翻译 1) 我确实珍视这个受教育的机会，总是把这个箴言当做座右铭。 ________________________________________. 2) 我想要告诉你的是你在比赛中获得了第一名。 ________________________________________. 3) 我下一步要做的就是与经理取得联系。 ________________________________________. 4) 也就是在那个时候，克莱尔才意识到托尼早就把窗前的窗帘拉开了。 ________________________________________. 5) 所有这一切发生在周一晚上。 ________________________________________. 【雕词琢句】 1)当欣赏视频的时候,所有的人是多么兴奋呀! _________________________________________________! 2)Not the story itself but what is reflected in the story counts. →___________________________________________.(用强调句型升级) 3) _________________________________________________ (生活将会如此丰富多彩) in ten years that I will live more happily. 4）重要的是那些遵守规则的人。 _________________________________________________. 5)一句多译 （1）正是由于我对运动的极大兴趣,我才密切关注将于八月末在天津举行的第13届全国运动会。 ① _________________________________________________. (because of) ② _________________________________________________. (because) （2）这些书非常有趣,你们可能非常喜欢。 ① _________________________________________________.(and) ② _________________________________________________.(so...that...正常语序) 【利用所学的it句型，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵（道歉信）】 Dear Bob， I am sorry to tell you that I can't go to the bookshop with you on Sunday morning as we planned last week. I am writing to apologize for breaking my promise. 1. ________________ ________________________________ (是因为期末考试即将来临) that I decide to stay at home to go over my lessons. You know，I 2. __________________________ (在上次考试中我的确做得很差)．So I want to devote all my spare time to working on my lessons in order to get good scores in the final exam.3. ____________________________________________ (是一月份的第二个星期天) I want to go to the bookstore with you. I am wondering if you will be free at that time. Sorry again for the inconvenience caused to you. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours， Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 琳琅满目的名词性从句 名词性从句是重要的语法项目之一，也是写作中常用的高级表达之一。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，通常由从属连词(that，whether，if)、连接代词(who，what，which)、连接副词(when，where，why，how)引导。名词性从句都不能用逗号和主句分开。在写作中我们可以巧用名词性从句来为我们的文章“锦上添花”。 一、主语从句 1. What makes me concerned is my final exam which will be held two weeks later. 让我担心的是两周后要进行的期末考试。 2. What we need most are popular science books. 我们最需要的是科普书籍。 3. What really matters is whether it comes from your inner heart.真正重要的是它(礼物)是否来自你的内心。 4. After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. 从那以后，琥珀屋的最终归宿就成了一个谜。 5. Whoever plays with fire gets burnt. 玩火者自焚。(谚语必背) 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.__________________________________ can join in it对小发明感兴趣的任何人都可以参加。 2.But ____________________________ are literary books，especially those by famous writers. 但是最令我感兴趣的是文学书籍，尤其是那些著名作家写的。 3. __________________ (他要去山村工作的消息) surprises all of us. 4. __________________(他是否出过国)doesn’t make much difference. (he, abroad) 5.）__________________ (你捡到的任何东西), you must give it back to whoever it belong to. 二、宾语从句 1. I hope you could appreciate that I must spare no effort to do well in my final exam. 我希望你能理解我必须不遗余力地搞好期末考试。 2. I sincerely hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation. 我诚挚地希望你能接受我的歉意并理解我的处境。 3.I wonder if you’d like to go with me. 我想知道你是否想和我一起去。 4. We are aware that we should build up our bodies and live a healthy life. 我们意识到我们应该锻炼身体，过健康的生活。 5.I am sure that with your great efforts，you will enjoy a colorful and fruitful life here. 我确信在你的巨大努力下，你的生活会丰富多彩。 6.I’m sorry to know that you’re having such a bad time at the moment. 我很遗憾得知你现在过得不好。 7.This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldn’t get discouraged right after failures. 温斯顿·丘吉尔的这句名言告诉我们：我们不应该在失败后沮丧。 8. Can I suggest that we put it off until early August? 我能建议把它推迟到八月初吗？ 9. I’d also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included. 我还想知道我要付多少学费，是否包含住宿。 10. I often imagine what my life will be like in the future. I think my life will be very different in ten years. 我经常想象未来我的生活会是什么样的。我想我的生活在十年后会非常不同。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.最近的一项调查表明，在过去的三年里我们学校学生的健康状况越来越差。 _____________________________________________. 2.要是我能采访他，我会问他是什么使他成为一名宇航员，他是怎样被训练的。 _____________________________________________. 3.首先，我想知道课程什么时候开始、一个班有多少学生。 _____________________________________________. 三、同位语从句 1. There is no doubt that you can get along well with them. 毫无疑问，你可以和他们友好相处。 2.It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families，shouldering the hope of their parents. 它反映出当今的一个普遍现象：孩子们是家庭的焦点，肩负着父母的希望。 3. I am now truly filled with happiness that I am a devoted friend and helper of the human race! 我现在真的非常高兴我能够成为人类的忠实朋友和助手。 4. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. 她看来正常成长的事实令人鼓舞。 5. You really have no idea just how hopeless cancer can make you feel. 你真的想不到癌症会让人多么绝望。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. _______________________ children there are badly in need of care and help. 毫无疑问，那里的孩子们急需关爱和帮助。 2. The student asked me the question ___________________．学生问了我这个问题：这部电影是否值得一看。 3. I have no idea __________________. 我不知道他发生了什么。 四、表语从句 1.In addition to reading for knowledge，we read for fun and inspiration. That is why I recommend another category of books：literary books. 除了为知识，我们还为乐趣和灵感而读书。那就是我为什么推荐另一种书——文学书籍。 2. To practice as much as possible is where the secret lies.尽可能多地练习就是秘密之所在。 3. One problem is that I don’t look any different from other people. 问题是我看上去跟平常人一样。 4. That’s why they are called the Winter Olympics. 这就是它们被称之为冬奥会的原因。 5. Welcome to our city! You can see that our city is not what it used to be (它过去的那个样子) (use) 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.__________________________________________ you have to send the article to me before June 28th. 你应该记住的最后一件重要事情是在6月28日前把文章发给我。 2. Listening and speaking is __________________ when it comes to English.当谈到英语时，听说是我弱势的地方。 3. Being responsible is_________________________________________.负责任是创造一个更好的社会所必须要做的。 五、名词性从句的常用句型 1．A is to B what C is to D　A对B而言正像C对D而言 A book is to the mind what food is to the body.书籍对于心灵而言正如食物对于身体一样。 2．I'm sorry to say that...遗憾地说…… I'm sorry to say that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.很遗憾地说星期五下午我不能与你一起去书店。 3．I do hope that...“我确实希望……” By the way, I do hope that you can help me improve my English writing ability, especially the proper use of vocabulary and some important grammar.顺便说一下，我确实希望你能帮助我提高英语写作能力，尤其是正确使用词汇和一些重要语法的能力。 4．I am aware that...“我知道……” As a member of the society, I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.作为社会中的一员，我知道责任感是使社会更美好所需要的东西。 5．It is＋important/necessary/strange...that...重要的/必要的/奇怪的是…… However, it is important that we never lose the enthusiasm to keep on trying然而，重要的是，我们从来没有丧失过继续努力的热情。 6．It is/was no surprise/wonder that...……不足为怪 She is warm­hearted, so it is no surprise/wonder that she always helps those who are in trouble.她是一个热心肠的人，因此她经常帮助那些处于困境的人们就不足为怪了。 7．An advantage of...is that...……的优点是…… An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create/produce any pollution.使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。 8．I learned from the newspaper/the post/the Internet that...“我从报纸上/帖子上/网络上得知……” This is Li Xia. I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin. I am more than willing to help you with your Mandarin.我是李夏，我从你的帖子上了解到你想要提高你的普通话水平，我非常乐意帮助你学习普通话。 9．That/This/It is why/because...那/这就是为什么/因为…… I read about your reform of the school English newspaper, and that's why I'm writing to voice my opinion.我获悉了你对英语校报的改革方案，那就是为什么我写信发表观点的原因。 10．I hold the view that...“我持……观点/我认为……” I strongly hold the view that measures should be taken to stop Chinese tourists (from) behaving badly in public places.我强烈认为应该采取措施阻止中国游客在公共场所的不良行为。 11．No one can deny the fact that...谁也不可否认的事实是…… No one can deny the fact that the environment is getting polluted more and more seriously.谁也不可否认的事实是，环境污染越来越严重了。 12．From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that...“通过上面的讨论，我们可以得出结论……” From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that you must have self-confidence if you want to achieve your goal.通过上面的讨论，我们可以得出结论：如果你想实现目标，你一定要自信。 13．The reason why...is that...……的原因是…… The reason why he wasn't admitted into a key university was that his grades were too low.他没有被重点大学录取的原因是他的分数太低了。 14．What impresses/surprises/shocks...sb. most is that...最令某人印象深刻/吃惊/震惊的是…… In addition, what may interest you most is that I am really nervous and upset when taking the exam.另外，可能最使你感兴趣的是，考试时我真的既紧张又烦躁。 15．I wonder whether/if...我想知道是否…… I am wondering if you could tell me more about this activity我想知道你是否能告诉我有关活动的更多的信息。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. ______________________________ I want to make our city a more beautiful place to live in. 我选择成为一名清洁工的原因是我想使我们的城市成为一个更美的居住地。 2.On behalf of our school，____________________________ in spoken English, and develop our English corner. 代表我们学校，我非常高兴地告诉你，要求你主要在英语口语方面训练学生，以及发展英语角。 3．__________________ I have a good command of English and have a lot of teaching experience. 最重要的因素是，我精通英语并且拥有大量英语教学经验。 4.因此，我坚信未来掌控在我们自己的手中。(宾语从句) 5.我最感兴趣的是文学书，尤其是由著名作家写的。(主语从句) 6.我的英语还不错，学习中最主要的两个问题是我感觉记单词难，而且说英语时经常感到紧张。(表语从句) 【雕词琢句】 1)我们想做的第一件事是和老人们一起包饺子。 ______________________________. 2)我想建议你游览的地方是泰山。______________________________. 3)I hope ______________________________ (我们能享受生活)of spring every day. 4)I have been told ______________________________ (我们校队正在招收新队员). 5)The main reason for my choice is ______________________________ (我倾向于牺牲自己的利益) for the group benefit. 6)那就是为什么我认为长江之旅是一个更好的选择。 ______________________________. 7)Learning that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide, I am writing to apply to participate in it for the simple reason ______________________________ (我喜欢阅读,并且有很多书). 8)一句多译 （1）多数人认为教育能改变一个人的命运。 ①______________________________. (hold the firm belief that...) ② ______________________________.(What...believe is that...) ③ ______________________________.(believe that...) （2）我知道我是如何取得成功的。 ① ______________________________ (success) ②______________________________.(succeed) ③______________________________ (successful) ④ ______________________________. (make it) 【利用所学名词性从句的相关知识，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵（邀请信）】 Boys and girls， I'm the chairman of Student Union，Li Hua，and I have big news for you 1. ______________________________________________ (我们学生会成立了一个英语俱乐部)．Obviously，besides study，there are also other things beneficial to us. One of the benefits is 2. ______________________________________________________ (俱乐部可以使我们的校园生活丰富多彩，充满收获)．There goes the plan. 3．____________________ (据安排) that we will see English films in the auditorium on Tuesday evening. Apart from that，there is going to be an English debate or discussion on Saturday evening；yet，the specific topics haven't been settled. If you have wonderful ideas and suggestions，please let us know. I'll highly appreciate it 4. ___________________________________ (如果你积极参与俱乐部活动)．You will never regret joining us. So，just do it. Student Union 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 富有文采的状语从句 在英语写作中，状语从句的运用也是高考英语高分作文的必需条件，所以考生必须学会并熟练运用状语从句。在复合句中作状语的句子叫状语从句。状语从句修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词，由从属连词引导，可位于句首，也可位于主句后。状语从句在句首时，往往用逗号把从句与主句隔开。 一、条件状语从句 1. Things will turn for the better if we can work out some participation rules for people to obey. 如果我们能制定出一些人们要遵守的参与规则，情况会好转。 2. I would appreciate it if I am offered with an opportunity to display my talent. 如果能给我一个展示才华的机会我会非常感激。 3.If you could provide more specific information，I would be very grateful. 如果你能提供给我更详细的信息，我会非常感激。 4. Were I you, I would have gone there yesterday. 如果我是你的话，昨天我就去那儿了。 5. As long as you give me some money, I will let you go. 只要你给我一些钱，我就让你走。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.只要有爱心和美德，世界就会变得更美好。 ________________________________. 2.一旦时间表制定好了，我们就应该严格遵守。 ________________________________. 3.如果你对此感兴趣就告诉我，我会发给你更多信息。 ________________________________. 二、目的状语从句 1.Second，you should often talk with Chinese so that you can improve your oral Chinese. 第二，你应该经常和中国人交谈，以便能够提高汉语口语。 2. I got up early in order that I could catch the first bus. 我起得很早，以便能赶上早班车。 3. Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken. 爆炸力如此巨大，以至于所有的窗户都被震碎了。 4. Sometimes they may play to passers-by in the street or subway so that they can earn some extra money for themselves or to play for their instruments. 他们可能在街上会地铁里为过路者演奏，这样他们可以为自己多挣一些钱或挣钱来买乐器。 5. In order that I can call you before I come next time, You’d better leave your phone number.为了下次来之前给你打电话，你最好把电话号码给我留一个。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.天气很冷，因此河水结冰了。 ________________________________. 2.这本书非常有趣，我想再读一遍。 ________________________________. 3.他取得了如此大的进步，因此老师表扬了他。 ________________________________. 三、结果状语从句 1. We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school. 我们做的如此好以至被邀请去和全校学生交流想法和经验。 2. I think sometimes we attach too much importance to our phones so that we ignore our friends. 我认为有时我们把电话看得太重要，结果忽视了我们的朋友。 3. He is so stubborn that no one can persuade him to do anything. 他太固执，没有人能说服他做什么事情。 4. He has made such great progress that the teachers are very pleased with him. 他进步如此快以致于老师们对他感到很满意。 5. It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。（谚语必背） 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 流行音乐是社会上如此重要的一部分以至它甚至影响了我们的语言。 ________________________________. 2.在农家院子里，鸡和猪都烦躁不安，以致不吃食。 ________________________________. 3.桂林是如此美丽的一座城市，以至于每年有成千上万的游客去桂林游玩。 ________________________________. 四、让步状语从句 1. The moral of the story is: spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how difficult the situation may be. 故事的寓意是：无论情况多么困难，都要不遗余力地去获取知识，绝不要轻易灰心丧气。 2.No matter how ordinary a job is，it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect. 无论多么普通的工作，都在社会中起一定的作用，因此值得我们尊重。 3.It means if you are really determined to do something，no matter how/however difficult it might be，you will find a way of doing it at last and you’ll achieve success.这意味着如果你真的决定做某一件事，无论它可能有多么难，你最终都会找到办法并获得成功。 4. While (you were) walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 你在遛狗的时候不小心让狗松脱了，接着它被一辆小车撞着了。 5. Although many American move a lot, they till recognize and understand each other’s dialects. 虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但他们仍然能够辨别、理解彼此的方言。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.无论你做什么，一定要做好。 ________________________________. 2.虽然他学习很努力，但我认为这次考试他肯定通不过。 ________________________________. 3.尽管他还是个孩子，他已经是妈妈的好帮手了。 ________________________________. 五、原因状语从句 1.Second，go outdoors and play team games with your friends as physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger. 第二，到户外和朋友们玩集体游戏，因为体育锻炼是一个排解怒气的有效方法。 2. I remember we planned to visit Yunnan in July. But now, because my left foot was injured，I cannot go with you as planned. 我记得我们原本计划七月去云南，但是现在，因为我的左脚受伤，所以不能按计划和你一起去了。 3. Third，my parents wish me to study science because they believe I will have a brighter future as a science student. 第三，我的父母希望我学理科因为他们认为做一名理科生，我的未来会更加光明。 4. American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world. 美国英语之所以有这么多的方言时因为美国人来自世界各地的缘故。 5. Never put butter, oil or ointments on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection. 千万不要在烧伤处涂黄油，油或软膏，因为这会使里面的热散不出去，而且还可能导致感染。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.带上你的雨衣，恐怕要下雨。 ________________________________. 2.因为堵车，他上班迟到了。 ________________________________. 3.既然她不会回答这个问题，最好问其他人好了。 ________________________________. 六、时间状语从句 1.Every time I see my watch，I think about my great dad. 每次我看到我的手表时，就会想到我伟大的父亲。 2.When some fell behind，others would come and offer help. 当有人落后时，其他人会过来提供帮助。 3. I’ll always keep to the right and never cross a road until the traffic light turns green. 我总是会靠右走，直到灯变绿时才过马路。 4. When he comes, we'll light the candles and sing “Happy Birthday” together for him. 当他到来时，我们将点起蜡烛一起为他唱生日歌。 5. As the world is becoming a global village, English is getting more and more important, so mastering English means we can see the world through a new window. 随着世界逐步变成地球村，英语变得越来越重要，因此掌握英语就意味着通过一个新的窗口看世界。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.当我把我的答案给他看时，老师因我能独立思考夸奖了我。 ________________________________. 2. 自从你来到我们学校已经两周了。 ________________________________. 3.我一到北京就给你打电话了。 ________________________________. 七、状语从句的常用句型 1.as soon as/the moment/the instant/immediately/directly/instantly一……就…… As soon as I entered the classroom，my teacher asked me why I was so late.我一进入教室，老师就问我为什么来这么晚。 2.each/every time每次，每当…… Every time I pass the school，I think of my first English teacher.每当我经过那所学校，我就想起我的第一个英语老师。 3.the first time第一次 I thought Susan nice and friendly the first time I met her.我第一次见到苏珊就觉得她很友好。 4.before在……之前，还没来得及就…… It was some time before I realized the truth.过了一段时间我才悟出真相。 5.ever since自从…… Ever since my friend Xiaohua entered high school two years ago, his mother has been pushing him hard in his studies.自从我的朋友小华两年前进入中学，他的妈妈一直在学习上给他施加很大的压力。 6.as/so long as只要 You can write anything relevant so long as it's interesting and informative.只要有趣味性和知识性，你可以写任何相关的东西。 7.providing/provided/suppose/supposing(that)．..如果，假如…… Suppose he doesn't agree to help us，who should we turn to for help? 假如他不同意帮助我们，我们该向谁求助？ 8.so that以便，目的是；因此 We can contact each other by video chat every night for half an hour in English and half an hour in Chinese, so that we can improve our oral speaking每天晚上，我们可以通过视频聊天相互联系，用英语聊半个小时，再用汉语聊半个小时，目的是提高口语。 9.so/such...that...如此……以至于…… The dough figurine he made was so beautiful that we couldn't wait to have a try ourselves他做的面人如此漂亮，以至于我们迫不及待地想亲自试一试。 10.in order that为了…… In order that he can have a chance to receive university education, his parents work hard day and night.为了使他能有机会接受大学教育，他的父母日夜辛苦地工作。 11.though/although/while虽然；尽管 However, I think that you will quickly adjust to them although the weather and the food are different from yours可是，我认为你会很快适应它们的，尽管天气与食物都与你们那里不同。 12. no matter wh­.../wh­ever无论…… However/No matter how far away we are, we feel close to each other无论我们距离有多远，我们都感觉近在咫尺。 13.on condition that...在……条件下；如果…… We'll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.只要你能保持整洁，我们可以让你使用这个房间。 14.now that因为；既然 Now that you understand my meaning, I don't need to explain again.既然你明白了我的意思，我没有必要再解释一遍。 15.considering that...鉴于；考虑到…… They have made remarkable progress, considering that they only started last week.考虑到他们是上周才开始的，他们已经取得了相当大的进步。 16.whether...or(not)．..是……还是……；不管，不论…… I have decided to take the job offer, whether it is good or bad.不管好坏，我已经决定接受这份工作邀请。 17.even if/even though即使；尽管 Even if flying is more expensive than land and sea travel, I went there by air to save time.尽管坐飞机比坐车和乘船都贵，但是为了节省时间我还是坐飞机去了那里。 18. I would appreciate it if 如果----我见不胜感激 I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to solve these problems. 如果你能就如何解决这些问题给我提供一些建议，我将不胜感激。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 一、根据提示用状语从句完成句子 1.I remember you showed me some photos on that theme ________________________.我记得上次你参观我们学校时给我展示了那个主题的一些照片。 2．__________________________ you came to our school for the exchange program, which has benefited all of us.你们来我们学校参加交流活动已经两周了，这项活动让我们所有人都受益。 3．____________________________， please send me your article before the deadline.如果你想为我们的报刊投稿，请在截止日期之前把文章发给我。 4. It was ________________________ we all enjoyed ourselves very much 这是如此激动人心的活动，以至于我们都玩得非常愉快。 5. ________________________， we'll wait for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.如果你想参加，我们将于上午9点在学校大门口等你。 6. ____________________________， the world will become more beautiful.只要有善良和美德，世界将变得更加美丽。 7. Besides, I will tell him what you look like _____________________________________________________________________ 另外，我会告诉他你长得什么样，以便你们可以容易地找到对方。 8. _______________________________, the teacher praised me for my independent thinking.当我把答案给老师看的时候,老师表扬我具有独立思考的能力。 9. _______________________________, your eyes will be filled with green. 当你走在外面的时候,你的眼睛里都会充满了绿色。 二、高考作文单句翻译 1.父母希望我在大学学习科学，因为他们认为作为理科学生的我会有更好的未来。(because) 2.他们开始大喊大叫，随后变成了可怕的争吵。(and) 3.我正在欣赏周围的美景时，某种不愉快的事吸引了我的眼球。(when) 4.尽管对简陋的校园和配备不好的教室感到失望，但我发现老师们都很耐心和体贴。(as) 5.我希望这个机会不仅使你高兴而且也会满足你对中国歌剧的兴趣。(not only ... but also ...) 6.随着教师节的来临，我们班决定今年做一下改变：举办一次聚会来庆祝这一重要节日。(as) 【利用所学状语从句的相关知识，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵（投诉信）】 Dear Headmaster， I am a student in Class One，Grade Two and I am Li Hua. Recently，I have found that the waste in our school is very serious.1. _________________________ (如果你绕着学校走走)，you will find the lights are burning day and night. In addition，you will also find the taps running all the time 2.______________________ (结果大量的水被浪费了)．In the dining room，food is thrown away everywhere and there are a lot of useful things in the litter bins. Faced with these phenomena，I feel worried. 3. ___________________________________ _____________________ (尽管我们的国家正变得越来越富)，we still need to save everything 4. __________________________________________ (因为节约是中国人的美德一)．Do you agree with what I said？Would you like to ask all the students to promote saving and oppose waste？I am expecting your answer. Best wishes! Yours sincerely， Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 富有文采的状语从句 在英语写作中，状语从句的运用也是高考英语高分作文的必需条件，所以考生必须学会并熟练运用状语从句。在复合句中作状语的句子叫状语从句。状语从句修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词，由从属连词引导，可位于句首，也可位于主句后。状语从句在句首时，往往用逗号把从句与主句隔开。 一、条件状语从句 1. Things will turn for the better if we can work out some participation rules for people to obey. 如果我们能制定出一些人们要遵守的参与规则，情况会好转。 2. I would appreciate it if I am offered with an opportunity to display my talent. 如果能给我一个展示才华的机会我会非常感激。 3.If you could provide more specific information，I would be very grateful. 如果你能提供给我更详细的信息，我会非常感激。 4. Were I you, I would have gone there yesterday. 如果我是你的话，昨天我就去那儿了。 5. As long as you give me some money, I will let you go. 只要你给我一些钱，我就让你走。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.只要有爱心和美德，世界就会变得更美好。 ________________________________. 2.一旦时间表制定好了，我们就应该严格遵守。 ________________________________. 3.如果你对此感兴趣就告诉我，我会发给你更多信息。 ________________________________. 答案：1. As long as there is kindness and virtue，the world will become more beautiful. 2. Once the timetable is made，we should follow it strictly. 3. If you are interested in it，let me know and I’ll send you more information. 二、目的状语从句 1.Second，you should often talk with Chinese so that you can improve your oral Chinese. 第二，你应该经常和中国人交谈，以便能够提高汉语口语。 2. I got up early in order that I could catch the first bus. 我起得很早，以便能赶上早班车。 3. Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken. 爆炸力如此巨大，以至于所有的窗户都被震碎了。 4. Sometimes they may play to passers-by in the street or subway so that they can earn some extra money for themselves or to play for their instruments. 他们可能在街上会地铁里为过路者演奏，这样他们可以为自己多挣一些钱或挣钱来买乐器。 5. In order that I can call you before I come next time, You’d better leave your phone number.为了下次来之前给你打电话，你最好把电话号码给我留一个。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.天气很冷，因此河水结冰了。 ________________________________. 2.这本书非常有趣，我想再读一遍。 ________________________________. 3.他取得了如此大的进步，因此老师表扬了他。 ________________________________. 答案：1. It was very cold so that the river froze. 2. So interesting is this book that I would like to read it again. 3. He made such rapid progress that he was praised by the teacher. 三、结果状语从句 1. We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school. 我们做的如此好以至被邀请去和全校学生交流想法和经验。 2. I think sometimes we attach too much importance to our phones so that we ignore our friends. 我认为有时我们把电话看得太重要，结果忽视了我们的朋友。 3. He is so stubborn that no one can persuade him to do anything. 他太固执，没有人能说服他做什么事情。 4. He has made such great progress that the teachers are very pleased with him. 他进步如此快以致于老师们对他感到很满意。 5. It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。（谚语必背） 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 流行音乐是社会上如此重要的一部分以至它甚至影响了我们的语言。 ________________________________. 2.在农家院子里，鸡和猪都烦躁不安，以致不吃食。 ________________________________. 3.桂林是如此美丽的一座城市，以至于每年有成千上万的游客去桂林游玩。 ________________________________. 答案：1. Pop music is such an important part of society that it has even influenced our language. 2. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 3. Guilin is so beautiful a city that thousands of visitors come to visit it each year. 四、让步状语从句 1. The moral of the story is: spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how difficult the situation may be. 故事的寓意是：无论情况多么困难，都要不遗余力地去获取知识，绝不要轻易灰心丧气。 2.No matter how ordinary a job is，it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect. 无论多么普通的工作，都在社会中起一定的作用，因此值得我们尊重。 3.It means if you are really determined to do something，no matter how/however difficult it might be，you will find a way of doing it at last and you’ll achieve success.这意味着如果你真的决定做某一件事，无论它可能有多么难，你最终都会找到办法并获得成功。 4. While (you were) walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 你在遛狗的时候不小心让狗松脱了，接着它被一辆小车撞着了。 5. Although many American move a lot, they till recognize and understand each other’s dialects. 虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但他们仍然能够辨别、理解彼此的方言。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.无论你做什么，一定要做好。 ________________________________. 2.虽然他学习很努力，但我认为这次考试他肯定通不过。 ________________________________. 3.尽管他还是个孩子，他已经是妈妈的好帮手了。 ________________________________. 答案：1. No matter what you do, you must do it well.＝ whatever you do, you must do it well. 2. Hard as he works, I am sure that he can't pass this exam. 3. Boy as he is, he is his mother's good help. 五、原因状语从句 1.Second，go outdoors and play team games with your friends as physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger. 第二，到户外和朋友们玩集体游戏，因为体育锻炼是一个排解怒气的有效方法。 2. I remember we planned to visit Yunnan in July. But now, because my left foot was injured，I cannot go with you as planned. 我记得我们原本计划七月去云南，但是现在，因为我的左脚受伤，所以不能按计划和你一起去了。 3. Third，my parents wish me to study science because they believe I will have a brighter future as a science student. 第三，我的父母希望我学理科因为他们认为做一名理科生，我的未来会更加光明。 4. American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world. 美国英语之所以有这么多的方言时因为美国人来自世界各地的缘故。 5. Never put butter, oil or ointments on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection. 千万不要在烧伤处涂黄油，油或软膏，因为这会使里面的热散不出去，而且还可能导致感染。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.带上你的雨衣，恐怕要下雨。 ________________________________. 2.因为堵车，他上班迟到了。 ________________________________. 3.既然她不会回答这个问题，最好问其他人好了。 ________________________________. 答案：1. Take your raincoat for fear (that) it may rain. 2. He was late for work because he was caught in the traffic. 3. Since she can't answer this question, it's better to ask someone else. 六、时间状语从句 1.Every time I see my watch，I think about my great dad. 每次我看到我的手表时，就会想到我伟大的父亲。 2.When some fell behind，others would come and offer help. 当有人落后时，其他人会过来提供帮助。 3. I’ll always keep to the right and never cross a road until the traffic light turns green. 我总是会靠右走，直到灯变绿时才过马路。 4. When he comes, we'll light the candles and sing “Happy Birthday” together for him. 当他到来时，我们将点起蜡烛一起为他唱生日歌。 5. As the world is becoming a global village, English is getting more and more important, so mastering English means we can see the world through a new window. 随着世界逐步变成地球村，英语变得越来越重要，因此掌握英语就意味着通过一个新的窗口看世界。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.当我把我的答案给他看时，老师因我能独立思考夸奖了我。 ________________________________. 2. 自从你来到我们学校已经两周了。 ________________________________. 3.我一到北京就给你打电话了。 ________________________________. 答案：1. When I showed my answer to him，the teacher praised me for my independent thinking. 2. It is two weeks since you came to our school. 3. No sooner had I got to Beijing than I called you. ＝ I had no sooner got to Beijing than I called you. 七、状语从句的常用句型 1.as soon as/the moment/the instant/immediately/directly/instantly一……就…… As soon as I entered the classroom，my teacher asked me why I was so late.我一进入教室，老师就问我为什么来这么晚。 2.each/every time每次，每当…… Every time I pass the school，I think of my first English teacher.每当我经过那所学校，我就想起我的第一个英语老师。 3.the first time第一次 I thought Susan nice and friendly the first time I met her.我第一次见到苏珊就觉得她很友好。 4.before在……之前，还没来得及就…… It was some time before I realized the truth.过了一段时间我才悟出真相。 5.ever since自从…… Ever since my friend Xiaohua entered high school two years ago, his mother has been pushing him hard in his studies.自从我的朋友小华两年前进入中学，他的妈妈一直在学习上给他施加很大的压力。 6.as/so long as只要 You can write anything relevant so long as it's interesting and informative.只要有趣味性和知识性，你可以写任何相关的东西。 7.providing/provided/suppose/supposing(that)．..如果，假如…… Suppose he doesn't agree to help us，who should we turn to for help? 假如他不同意帮助我们，我们该向谁求助？ 8.so that以便，目的是；因此 We can contact each other by video chat every night for half an hour in English and half an hour in Chinese, so that we can improve our oral speaking每天晚上，我们可以通过视频聊天相互联系，用英语聊半个小时，再用汉语聊半个小时，目的是提高口语。 9.so/such...that...如此……以至于…… The dough figurine he made was so beautiful that we couldn't wait to have a try ourselves他做的面人如此漂亮，以至于我们迫不及待地想亲自试一试。 10.in order that为了…… In order that he can have a chance to receive university education, his parents work hard day and night.为了使他能有机会接受大学教育，他的父母日夜辛苦地工作。 11.though/although/while虽然；尽管 However, I think that you will quickly adjust to them although the weather and the food are different from yours可是，我认为你会很快适应它们的，尽管天气与食物都与你们那里不同。 12. no matter wh­.../wh­ever无论…… However/No matter how far away we are, we feel close to each other无论我们距离有多远，我们都感觉近在咫尺。 13.on condition that...在……条件下；如果…… We'll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.只要你能保持整洁，我们可以让你使用这个房间。 14.now that因为；既然 Now that you understand my meaning, I don't need to explain again.既然你明白了我的意思，我没有必要再解释一遍。 15.considering that...鉴于；考虑到…… They have made remarkable progress, considering that they only started last week.考虑到他们是上周才开始的，他们已经取得了相当大的进步。 16.whether...or(not)．..是……还是……；不管，不论…… I have decided to take the job offer, whether it is good or bad.不管好坏，我已经决定接受这份工作邀请。 17.even if/even though即使；尽管 Even if flying is more expensive than land and sea travel, I went there by air to save time.尽管坐飞机比坐车和乘船都贵，但是为了节省时间我还是坐飞机去了那里。 18. I would appreciate it if 如果----我见不胜感激 I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to solve these problems. 如果你能就如何解决这些问题给我提供一些建议，我将不胜感激。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 一、根据提示用状语从句完成句子 1.I remember you showed me some photos on that theme ________________________.我记得上次你参观我们学校时给我展示了那个主题的一些照片。 2．__________________________ you came to our school for the exchange program, which has benefited all of us.你们来我们学校参加交流活动已经两周了，这项活动让我们所有人都受益。 3．____________________________， please send me your article before the deadline.如果你想为我们的报刊投稿，请在截止日期之前把文章发给我。 4. It was ________________________ we all enjoyed ourselves very much 这是如此激动人心的活动，以至于我们都玩得非常愉快。 5. ________________________， we'll wait for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.如果你想参加，我们将于上午9点在学校大门口等你。 6. ____________________________， the world will become more beautiful.只要有善良和美德，世界将变得更加美丽。 7. Besides, I will tell him what you look like _____________________________________________________________________ 另外，我会告诉他你长得什么样，以便你们可以容易地找到对方。 8. _______________________________, the teacher praised me for my independent thinking.当我把答案给老师看的时候,老师表扬我具有独立思考的能力。 9. _______________________________, your eyes will be filled with green. 当你走在外面的时候,你的眼睛里都会充满了绿色。 答案：1. the last time you visited our school 2.It has been two weeks since 3. If you want to contribute to our newspaper 4. such an exciting activity that 5. If you would like to take part 6.As long as there is kindness and virtue 7. so that you can find each other easily 8. When I showed my answer to him 9.While you are walking outside 二、高考作文单句翻译 1.父母希望我在大学学习科学，因为他们认为作为理科学生的我会有更好的未来。(because) 2.他们开始大喊大叫，随后变成了可怕的争吵。(and) 3.我正在欣赏周围的美景时，某种不愉快的事吸引了我的眼球。(when) 4.尽管对简陋的校园和配备不好的教室感到失望，但我发现老师们都很耐心和体贴。(as) 5.我希望这个机会不仅使你高兴而且也会满足你对中国歌剧的兴趣。(not only ... but also ...) 6.随着教师节的来临，我们班决定今年做一下改变：举办一次聚会来庆祝这一重要节日。(as) 答案：1. My parents wish me to study science at college because they believe I will have a brighter future as a science student. 2. They started shouting and yelling, and then it turned into a horrible quarrel. 3. When I was enjoying the fantastic scenery around, something unpleasant caught my eyes. 4. Disappointed as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorly equipped classroom, I found the teachers patient and considerate. 5. I hope this opportunity will not only make you happy, but also satisfy your interest in Chinese operas. 6. As Teachers’ Day was approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year. 【利用所学状语从句的相关知识，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵（投诉信）】 Dear Headmaster， I am a student in Class One，Grade Two and I am Li Hua. Recently，I have found that the waste in our school is very serious.1. _________________________ (如果你绕着学校走走)，you will find the lights are burning day and night. In addition，you will also find the taps running all the time 2.______________________ (结果大量的水被浪费了)．In the dining room，food is thrown away everywhere and there are a lot of useful things in the litter bins. Faced with these phenomena，I feel worried. 3. ___________________________________ _____________________ (尽管我们的国家正变得越来越富)，we still need to save everything 4. __________________________________________ (因为节约是中国人的美德一)．Do you agree with what I said？Would you like to ask all the students to promote saving and oppose waste？I am expecting your answer. Best wishes! Yours sincerely， Li Hua 答案：1. If you go around the school 2. so that quantities of water are wasted 3. Although/Though our country is becoming richer and richer now 4. because saving is one of virtues of the Chinese 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 整齐有序的并列句 由两个或两个以上不分主次、相互独立的简单句构成的句子叫并列句。并列句通过并列连词、连接副词和分号三种方式连接起来。 一、表并列关系的并列连词：and（和），both...and...（……和……都），neither...nor...（既不……也不），not only...but also... (不但……而且), on (the) one hand...on the other (hand)...(一方面……另一方面……)，as well as（也，和……一样）等，其后都可以连接名词、代词、形容词、动词或介词短语等；当both... and...连接名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式; not only... but also...连接并列分句是，常置于句首，not only后接的句子用倒装句，即将助动词提到主语前。 1.In my opinion，everyone here is a member of our big family and we learn a lot from each other. 就我而言，每一个在这里的人都是我们大家庭里的一员并且我们彼此学到了很多。 2. The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack. It not only affects our everyday life，but may also threaten people’s lives. 交通问题很难解决。它不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且威胁人们的生命安全。 3.I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car，which drove off quickly.我正在去书店的路上，在一个十字路口等绿灯时，突然一个大约十岁的女孩被一辆过往的汽车撞倒，肇事车辆快速逃逸了。 4.In my opinion，the son refuses to communicate with his mother not because he has no time but because he’s unwilling to. 我认为，儿子拒绝与他的母亲交流不是因为他没时间而是因为他不愿意。 5. I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation. I’ve seen your ad，and I’d like to know something more about your six-week English course. 1.我是一个中国学生，我计划假期到英国去参加一个暑期学校。我已经看了你们的广告，我想知道更多关于你们的六周英语课程的情况。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.我知道你拍照好，并且总是想着为环境保护做些事情。 ________________________________________. 2.书籍不仅被分享而且它还能建立一个联系世界各地读者的桥梁。 ________________________________________. 二、表转折关系的并列连词：but（但是），yet(但是，然而)，whereas（然而），while（然而），or（否则）。当while作为表示转折的并列连词时，其强调的是两种情况的对比。 1.It is beneficial to some people，while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not. 它对一些人有益，却使其他人对是否投票处于两难境地。 2. She herself lived a simple or rather poor life but she was so generous to the people in need of help. 她自己过着简朴的生活但对需要帮助的人如此慷慨。 3.To be honest，in spite of my good preparation，I felt a little nervous when I was entering the exam room. However，I soon adjusted my mind of state and answered the questions calmly and carefully. 说实话，尽管我准备充分，但进入考场时还是感到有点紧张。然而，我很快调整状态，冷静细心地回答问题。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.虽然她是一个普通妇女但是确实值得尊敬。 ________________________________________. 2.一些人支持而其他人不然。 ________________________________________. 3.李老师和我们度过了一段快乐的时光，但我们知道对她所有的付出和指导再怎么感谢也不为过。 ________________________________________. 三、表选择关系的并列连词：or(或者)，either...or...(或者……或者……)，not...but...(不是……而是……)，or else(否则)等。 1.Take the chance，or else you will regret it. 抓住这次机会，否则你会后悔的。 2. Life is a horse, and either you ride it or it rides you.人生就像一匹马，你不驾驭它，它就驾驭你。（名言警句） 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.人们可以把它们当做礼物送出去，或是挂在自己的房间里。 ________________________________________. 2. 重要的是学会控制自己的脾气，这样你就不会做或说任何你会后悔的事情。 ________________________________________. 四、表因果关系的并列连词：for（因为，用于），so（所以，因此）。For后面的分句表示一种推断性的原因，是对前一分句的补充；同时，for连接的分句不能放在句首，而so后面接的句子表示一种结果。 1.I’d better take an umbrella，for it is going to rain. 我最好带把伞，因为天快要下雨了。 2. Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process for it requires attention as well as memory and imagination. 与看电视不同，阅读是一个很主动的过程 因为它除了需要记忆力和想像力外 还需注意力。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.所有的同学都非常友好和善良，因此你没有必要担心有什么困难。 ________________________________________. 2. 你知道起初我有点紧张，但很快我平静下来，因为我开始意识到语文和数学很简单，而英语是我最喜欢的科目。 ________________________________________. 五、表示条件或结果关系的并列连词:表示条件或结果关系，常用于句型“祈使句+and/or+陈述句（动词用将来时态）”中。 1.Help others whenever you can, and you will make the world a nicer place to live in. 只要你有能力就要帮助别人，你会使这个世界成为更美好（的生活地方）。 2.Start out right away, or you'll miss the first train立刻出发,否则你将会错过第一班火车。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.站在那儿你就能够更好地观看那张油画。 ________________________________________. 2.快点，否则你又会迟到的。 ________________________________________. 六、when作并列连词用时的用法:When作为并列连词相当于and at this/that time，意为“正在这时，突然”，常用于以下句式： a) sb. was doing sth. when …… 表示“……正在做……这时突然……”。 John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. 约翰正在屋里学习，突然听到一声尖叫。 He was reading newspapers when he heard his name called. 他正在读报，这时听到有人叫他的名字。 b) sb. was about to do sth. / s.b was going to do/ sb. was on the point of doing sth. when ……表示“……正要做……这时突然……”。 I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.我刚要睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。 Tom was about to go to bed when the bell rang. 汤姆正要上床睡觉时，突然电话响了。 I was about to go out when an unexpected visitor came.我正要出门，一位不速之客来访了。 c) sb. had just done sth. when ……表示“……刚好做完……这时突然……”。 The next morning I’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.第二天早上，我正感到绝望的时候，一艘船发现了我。 d) When it comes to---表示“当提到……时”。 When it comes to this topic, I am eager to share some of my own experiences to you. 当说到这个话题，我急切的想和你分享一些我自己的经历。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.我正要放弃，这时爸爸过来鼓励我继续前行。 ________________________________________. 2.我们正在开会，这时突然有人闯了进来。 ________________________________________. 3.我刚刚拖完地，这时电话铃响了。 ________________________________________. 【雕词琢句】 1)If you are able to come with us,please let us know _____________________________ (我们将会等你) at the school gate at 9 in the morning. 2)I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation_____________________________ (并且我想让你帮我一个忙). 3)剪纸是中国的传统之一,而且我相信你会喜欢它的。 _____________________________. 4)我想去博物馆,但是我的同班同学绝大部分人想去野餐。 _____________________________. 5）他阅读有困难,因为他的视力不好。_____________________________.(for连接的并列句) 6）第二,这种投票并不取决于竞争者的优势,而是取决于他们掌握了多少 社交网络资源。 _____________________________ 7)Maybe the training is a bit difficult for you, _____________________________ (但是你可以迅速提高你的技能)through it. 8)Everyone in our society should help those in need, _____________________________ (但是更重要的是真诚) 【利用所学并列句的相关知识，结合语境补全短文并背诵（求助信）】 Dear Ms. Jenkins， I'm Li Hua 1. _________ I'm writing to ask you for help. I've determined to take a part-time job during the summer holiday 2. _________ I intend to accumulate some social experience. I am quite interested in a position in a foreignfunded company 3. _________ I have already written my application in English.4. _________，I am not sure of the vocabulary and grammar that I used and the formats of application letter and resume.5. _________ would you please 6. _________ correct the mistakes 7. _________ polish the formats if it is convenient for you? I'll be grateful if you can help me with that. I have attached my application letter as well as resume to this letter. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours， Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $吸人眼球的定语从句 根据所掌握的定语从句的知识,熟练地使用定语从句也是高考英语写作的一项基本要求。定语从句在句中作定语修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词、词组或代词叫做先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(who,whom,that,which,as,whose )或关系副词(where,when,why)引导。在英语写作中使用复杂的句式是提高表达档次、增加语言亮点的主要 途径之一,而定语从句就是复杂结构中的重要一项。因此,在写作中巧 妙地运用定语从句可为我们的文章“增光添彩”。 一、定语从句的类型 一)限制性定语从句 1. Any student who is interested is welcome to participate. 欢迎任何感兴趣的同学参加。 2.In addition,I am an outgoing girl who has rich experience in organizing school activities. 此外,我是一个在组织学校活动方面有丰富经验的外向的女孩。 3. Talk to someone you trust about how you feel. 和你信任的人谈谈你的感受。 4. I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon. 我可以清楚地记得事故发生在一个下雨的星期天下午。 5.However,some of the texts have too many new words and expressions which are hard for us. 然而,有些课文有太多的生词和短语,这对我们来说是困难的。 6. In the English corner, I meet many friends, who share the same interest with me. 在英语角,我遇到很多朋友,他们和我有共同的兴趣。 二)非限制性定语从句 1.I’m writing to express my regret at being unable to go to the bookstore with you next weekend,which I have promised. 我写信表达我对下周末不能和你一起去书店的遗憾,我本来答应要去的。 2.If they often cheat in the exams,they will form a bad habit,which will have a bad effect on their life. 如果他们经常考试作弊,就会养成坏习惯,这会对他们的人生产生坏影响。 3.We’ll also spend some fun time together singing,dancing and playing games,which we hope will make them happy. 我们将一起唱歌、跳舞、玩游戏,度过一段有趣的时光,我们希望这样会让他们开心。 4.But the best gift I have received is a watch,which my dad gave me on my last birthday. 但是我所收到过的最好的礼物是一块手表,它是爸爸去年在我过生日时送给我的。 5.Our class is made up of 52 students,all of whom are friendly and hard-working. 我们班由52位同学组成,所有人都待人友好,学习刻苦。 6.I will go on a trip to Sichuan,where there are a great number of places of interest. 我要去四川旅行,那里有很多名胜古迹。 7.I have been class monitor since I came to our college,which brought me a strong ability of organization. 上大学以来我一直是班长,这使我有很强的组织能力。 8.As we all know,books are the source of knowledge. 众所周知,书是知识的源泉。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.最后,我想问一些关于他的私人生活的问题,这一定非常有趣。 _. 2.我的老师可能会认为我很优秀,能做好功课,这会使我更有信心。 _. 3.我爱好广泛,包括画画、收藏邮票等。 _. 4.现在我把我在英语上的所有进步都归功于Mrs. Jones,她的鼓励使我取得了我今天所拥有的成绩。 _. 5.众所周知,污染对人类的危害很大。 _. 6. 首先,我们绝不会忘记和你们一起学习与生活的幸福情景,这会使我们在以后的生活中受益匪浅。 _. 二、定语从句的引导词 一)关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点,尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。 1. I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon.我记忆犹新的是发生在一个雨天的周日下午的一次事故。 2. Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting.最后,我想问他几个私人生活的问题,这些肯定非常有趣。 3. Only those who spare no effort to confront problems can achieve what they long for.只有那些面对困难不遗余力的人才能取得他们渴望的成就。 4. As an old saying goes, living without a clear and achievable aim is like sailing without a compass.正如古老的谚语所说,生活没有清晰可达成的目标,犹如航海没有指南针。 二)关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句是指when, where, why引导的定语从句。 1.During holiday seasons, I will live in the countryside, where air is fresh and people are friendly.在假期,我会住在乡下,那里空气新鲜而且人们友好。 2. I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure of study. 我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。 三)“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句 1. Speaking and listening are very important for a language learning, by which you are sure to make great progress.听和说对于一门语言的学习非常重要,通过它们你一定会取得很大进步。 2.I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved.我买了很多书,这些书花了我所有的积蓄。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.事实上,我来这儿拜访我叔叔,目前他碰巧在你们城市工作。 _. 2.在几次我班的英语活动中我已帮助她,这受到老师和同学的欣赏。 _. 3.接下来你要为乐队取一个名字,一个与众不同的名字。 _. 4.下个月我们市将开放一个新公园,以纪念在那次可怕的灾难中死去的人们。 _. 5.任何人如果与感染HIV/AIDS的人有性行为,都有感染这种病毒的危险。 _. 6.我仅仅在那儿读了两年书的学校有三公里远。 _. 7.人们写诗有各种各样的理由。 _. 三、定语从句的常用句型 1. As we all know.../As is known to all...众所周知…… As we all know, children and elderly people both need warmth and care.众所周知,小孩和老年人都需要温暖和关心。 2. As sb. puts it...按照某人所说的…… As he often puts it, university education determines one's future.按照他常说的,大学教育决定一个人的命运。 3.such...as...像……这样的;诸如此类的…… Believe it or not, there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.信不信由你,世界上没有免费午餐之类的事情。 4. As the old saying goes …常言道…… As the old saying goes, practice makes perfect.常言道,熟能生巧。 5. the same...as.../the same as...像……一样的 Her manner and attitudes towards him were quite the same as they had always been.她对他的方式和态度与以前完全一样。 6.one of the+复数名词+定语从句……中的一个 As far as I know, your sister is one of the students who have passed the exam.据我所知,你妹妹是通过考试的学生之一。 7.the only one of the+复数名词+定语从句……中唯一的一个 Mr. Green was the only one of the workers that was invited to Beijing.格林先生是这些工人中唯一被邀请去北京的。 8. 关系代词as用于定语从句时,常出现在固定句型as ... as (和一样大/高/深……), the same ...as (和……一样/同类), such ... as (诸如……),as is often the case (这是常有的事); as we expected (不出所料); as often happens (正如经常发生的那样); as is known to all (众所周知); as has been said before (如上所述); as is mentioned above (正如上面所提到的)。中。 Li Ming is late, as is often the case. 李明迟到了,这是常有的事。 As is known to all, Diaoyu Islands belong to China. 众所周知,钓鱼岛属于中国。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.For another, _,“The rose's in her hand; the flavor in mine.” 另外,正如古老的谚语所说,“赠人玫瑰,手有余香”。 2.Much to my delight, Michael sang high praise for my great achievements before my classmates, _.使我非常高兴的是,Michael在我同学面前高度评价了我的好成绩,这使我感到自豪。 3. _, the picture tells a story of ancient China.我们大家都知道,这幅画讲述的是古代中国的一个故事。 4._, our band was formed in a very unusual way. 你知道,我们乐队的组建方式非同寻常。 5._, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. 因此,你可以想象到,如果你的皮肤烧伤了,就可能非常严重。 四、定语从句写作时需避免的几种情况 1.误用关系词 误:I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. 正:I live in Beijing, which is the capital of China. 误:I have a friend, who's name is Liu Mei. 正: I have a friend, whose name is Liu Mei. 2.句子成分残缺 误:There were many students took part in the English competition. 正:There were many students who took part in the English competition. 误:Those who in favor of the proposal, please raise your hands. 正:Those who are in favor of the proposal, please raise your hands. 3.有多余的代词或副词 误:The film I saw it last night was really very good. 正:The film I saw last night was really very good. 误:Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up there in my childhood. 正:Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up in my childhood. 4.混淆定语从句与并列句 误:In fact, smoking is a bad habit, it does great harm to people's health. 正:In fact, smoking is a bad habit, which/and it does great harm to people's health. 误: His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, it didn't help. 正:His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, which/but it didn't help. 【举一反三】改错。 1.We can hear birds singing happily all around. Everybody sleeps in tents that is very exciting. _. 2.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of who were family members. _. 3.The yellow house which windows face south is the place where I spent my childhood. _. 【综合演练提能】 .用定语从句完成句子 1.I hope you can help the students in our class to learn more about English and western culture, _ and help build good relationships between us.我希望你能帮助我们班的学生更多地了解英语和西方文化,这能增进我们的理解并有助于我们建立良好的关系。 2._, our friends lend us a helping hand when we need help and they help us get through difficult situations. 我们都知道,当我们需要帮助时,我们的朋友会伸出援手,他们会帮我们渡过难关。 3.First of all, I will have a warm family _ 首先,我将有一个温暖的家庭,在这个家庭中我们互相爱护、互相关心。 4.A sailor _ will never become an excellent sailor.没经历过暴风雨的水手永远不会成为一名优秀的水手。(2013 福建高考满分作文) 5. During those years they gave many concerts, _. 在那段时间里,他们举办很多场演唱会,都获得了成功。 6. Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way _. 有些诗用能给读者留下深刻印象的方式叙事或描述某种事情。 7.Your speech was heard by a group of five judges , _ .评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲,他们都认为你的演讲时今年做好的。 8.He was generous with his time , _ .他十分慷慨地给予我时间,我为此非常感激。 9. The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, _. 乐队成员除了表演音乐节目,还经常彼此打趣逗笑,他们的大部分音乐和玩笑多少有点模仿甲壳虫乐队。 10.So they left Britain, _, and went back to the lake于是他们离开了英国,它们再也回不去了,而是回到湖里去了。 II.高考作文单句翻译(用定语从句) 1.为了避免这样的冲突,我们应该彼此友好,这对享受和谐生活是极其重要的。(which) _. 2.正如我们所知,书籍是知识的源泉。 (as) _. 3.最后但也是最重要的,物理老师是我的典范,他/她对我的影响与我的决定有很大关系。(whose) _. 4.甚至过去不喜欢英语的学生,结果他们也对英语感兴趣了。(who) _. 5.我看到过你在网上张贴的夏令营通知,我对此很感兴趣。(that) _. 6.她在北大上的大学,然后又出国深造。(介词+关系代 词) _. 【雕词琢句】 1)用定语从句将句子整合为复合句 (1)I’d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.It is the day for the elderly in our culture. _. (2)Team members are often offered opportunities to watch table tennis competitions. It will benefit them a lot. _. (3)Material collecting took us a whole week. During it we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of our school life. _. (4)I am grateful to Mr. White. Without his help I couldn t have made so much progress in my English study. _. 2)用定语从句完成或翻译下面的句子 (1)Finally,we took pictures with the old craftsman and the dough figurines _ (我们制作的). (2)This summer I intend to take up a part-time job in a foreign company, _ (借助它我想开阔我的视野)and gain some working experience. (3) _ (如图所示), the box-office income of Chinese films increased constantly from 2012 to 2015, but its growth slowed down in 2016. (4)I would like to interview Zhang Haidi _ (她的经历深深地鼓舞了我). (5)Firstly,we will never forget those happy scenes of studying and living together with you, _ (这将对我们很有益处)in the future. (6)我建议你游览泰山,它的风光很美丽。 _. 【利用定语从句句型,结合中文提示补全短文并背诵(推荐信)】 Dear Mr. Pick, The website 1. _ (你向我推荐的) is very beneficial to my English study. It has abundant reading materials 2. _(我最需要的),3. _ (这极大地拓宽了我的视野).Now I have become more interested in English. Besides,I've made many new friends,and with them I exchange a lot about school life,cultures,science,and so on. Now I can express myself much better than ever. The reason 4. _ (我取得进步的原因) in English study is because of your kindness and consideration. I owe all my achievements to you. I'm looking forward to more advice from you! Yours, Li Hua 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 彰显水平的倒装句、省略句和there be句型 倒装和省略是强调句意、丰富句式、增加语言表现形式的重要手段。它们的准确使用能够彰显考生的英语水平，提高写作档次。另外there be句型在写作中也是一种常见的高级表达。在写作中常用的倒装和省略形式主要有以下几种。 一、平衡句子的倒装句型 在写作中，倒装句型应用比较广泛，涉及的句型主要包括部分倒装和全部倒装。 1．“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。 1)Only in this way can we students study happily and effectively.只有以这种方式，我们学生才能愉快、有效地学习。 2) Only when we understand their difficulties and problems, can we better understand their achievements. 只有当我们理解了他们的困难和问题时，我们才可以更好地了解他们的成就。 3)Only time will tell.这只能由时间来回答了。 2．none, neither, nor, not, never, hardly, little, seldom等否定词，以及由no构成的否定短语和at no time, by no means等置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。 1)No sooner/Hardly had he finished his talk than/when he was surrounded by the excited workers.他刚一结束讲话就被兴奋的工人们围了起来。 2) Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. 周阳永远不会忘记他在一家畅销英文报纸的第一项工作任务。 3) Seldom have I seen a situation which made so angry. 我很少遇到让我如此愤怒的情况。 4) Never have I seen him before.  我以前没见过他。 5) Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 孩子睡着了，妈妈才离开房间。 3．在so/such...that...结构中，当so/such...位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装。 1)So excited was I that I couldn't wait to try my hand at riding it.我太激动了，追不及待地想试着骑它。 2. So excited was he that he could not say a word. 他如此激动以至于一句话都说不出来。 3)Such was his anger that he lost control of himself.他是如此地生气，以至于他不能控制自己了。 4) So angry was he that he couldn’t speak. 他愤怒得一句话也说不出来。 4．as/though尽管…… 1)Child as/though he is, he knows a lot about astronomy.虽然他是个孩子，但他知道很多天文学知识。 2) Though she is pretty, she is not clever.→ Pretty though she is, she is not clever. 尽管她很漂亮，但是不聪明。 3) Child as he is, he speaks fluent English. 他虽是个孩子，但能讲流利的英语.（名词前不用冠词a） 4) Shortest as he is, he is the richest of the three. 虽然他是三个人中最矮的，却是最富有的。（形容 词最高级前去定冠词the） 5．were/should/had...如果…… 1)Were I two years younger, I would suggest that I invest in today.如果我年轻两岁，我会建议投资现在。 2)Looking back, I feel I wouldn't be able to ride a bike had I lost heart.回顾以往，我感觉如果我失去了信心就学不会骑自行车。 3) Were I a bird, I could fly freely.  如果我是一只小鸟，我会自由的飞翔。 4)Had I known it earlier, I wouldn’t have lent him the money.我要是早一点知道，我是不会给他借钱的。 6．here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, on the wall, in the room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词而不是代词时，句子用全部倒装。 1)In that picture, around the table with three books on it sit three students.在图画中，三个学生围坐在桌子周围，桌子上有三本书。 2) For a moment nothing happened. Then came voices all shouting together.有一段时间什么也没发生，然后传来了大家一起喊叫的声音。 3)There was Hu Jin waving at him and calling,--- 那是胡锦在向他招手，她喊道------ 4)There came a loud series of knocks on the door.传来一阵很强的敲门声。 5) Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 接着传来了多利病种的坏消息。 7. 表示“一------就------”的几个短语放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装，其句式为“no sooner+ had+主语+过去分词+than+从句”、“hardly +had+主语+过去分词+when+从句”或“ scarcely +主语+过去分词+when+从句”。 1) Hardly /scarcely had he started to leave when it began to rain. 他刚要离开，天就下起了雨。 2) No sooner had he handed in his paper than he realized his mistakes. 他刚交卷就意识到出错了。 【举一反三】 一、翻译：将下列中文翻译成英文。 1.只有在失去自由之后，人们才知道自由的可贵。 _________________________________________. 2.任何时候你都不应把个人利益放在首位。 _________________________________________. 3.他声音那样大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。 _________________________________________. 4.无论在什么情况下，你都不应该给汤姆借钱。 _________________________________________. 5.我在那时才开始我的工作来设计一座新的桥梁。 _________________________________________. 答案：1. Only when one loses freedom does one know its value. 2. At no time should you place your personal interest first.3.So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 4. Under no circumstances should you lend Tom any money. 5. Only then did I begin my work on designing a new bridge. 二、运用倒装句型改写句子 1. Following the roar, a tiger rushed out from among the bushes. _________________________________________. 2. A tall policeman stood at the far end of the room. _________________________________________. 3. Quite a number of small hydro-electric power stations are scattered in the mountains. _________________________________________. 4. He would not give up writing his satires under any circumstances. _________________________________________. 5. A lasting peace will be established in the area only if both sides accept the agreement. _________________________________________. 6. He became confused to such a degree that he didn’t know where he was. _________________________________________. 7. He spoke so loudly that even people in the next room could hear him. _________________________________________. 8. I didn’t have any idea what a guided missile was like until recently. _________________________________________. 9. We do not believe their nice works, and we are not intimidated by their bluster. _________________________________________. 10. A layer of air of unknown thickness is surrounding the earth. _________________________________________. 答案：1. Following the roar, our rushed a tiger rushed from among the bushes. 2. At the far end of the room stood a tall policeman. 3. Scattered in the mountains are quite a number of small hydro-electric power stations\ 4.Under no circumstances would he give up writing his satires. 5. Only if both sides accept the agreement will a lasting peace be established in the area. 6. To such a degree did he become confused that he didn’t know where he was. 7. So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 8. Not until recently did I have any idea what a guided missile was like. 9. We do not believe their nice works, nor are we intimidated by their bluster. 10. Surrounding the earth is a layer of air of unknown thickness. 三、常用不衰的There be句型 there be句型有很多变式，恰当地运用there be句型及其变式对提升写作大有帮助。There be句型由“there＋be＋主语”构成，用以表达存在关系。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际意义。 1. There be...(be可用各种时态) 在这个结构中，there be后的名词是主语，be的形式应和第一个名词保持一致。这一结构的其他时态形式：there was/were；there will be；there is/are going to be；there has/have been；there must have been；there must/may be等，它的变式句型有：There happen(s)/seem(s)/appear(s) to be...等。 1)There is plenty of fun for teenagers in summer，including going camping，going to the beach，going swimming at public pools and travelling locally with friends. 在夏季，青少年有很多趣事，包括宿营，去海滨，在公共泳池游泳，还有与朋友在当地游玩。 2) There was a problem with the parking place for bikes in our school. 我们学校的自行车停车处有个问题。 3) Would there be host family or university dormitory? 会有寄宿家庭或者学生宿舍吗？ 4)My favorite proverb is “Where there’s a will，there’s a way.” 我最喜欢的格言是“有志者事竟成”。 5)There will be many challenges ahead，but I have confidence that I’ll take on the burden. 前方有很多挑战，但是我有信心能担负重任。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.________________________, please contact me as soon as possible. 如果还有什么我可以为你做的事情，请尽快与我联系。 2. 一个人的梦想和现实通常存在差别。 _________________________________________. 答案：1. If there is anything else I can do for you 2. There is usually a difference between one’s dream and reality. 2.There be各种句型 1）There＋情态动词＋be... There are too many cars on the road. I think there should be tight restrictions on car numbers.路上的车太多了，我认为应该对车的数量进行严格的限制。 2）There be sb./sth.doing sth.(doing sth.为现在分词作后置定语) There are many students standing in a queue to welcome the old soldier.有很多学生正站队欢迎这位老兵。 3）There be sth.to do/to be done There is still much to discuss/to be discussed. We shall, therefore, return to this item at our next meeting.还有许多事情要讨论，因此，我们将在下次会议上再次讨论这项内容。 4）There stands/lies/exists/remains/lives/comes/goes... There remains some doubt among the public as to whether the policy will work.公众依旧怀疑这项政策是否会有效。 5）There seems/appears/happens/used to be... There happened to be a lot of people by the road. They helped us pull the car out of the big hole.路边恰好有很多人，他们帮助我们把车从那个大坑里拉了出来。 6）There be no denying that...不可否认的是…… There is no denying that more and more plastics will come into use in our daily life.不可否认的是，越来越多的塑料将用于我们的日常生活中。 7）There be no doubt that...毫无疑问…… There is no doubt that the situation nowadays is far better.毫无疑问，当今形势好多了。 8）There is no need to do...没有必要做…… There is no need to worry about it as the government is now making every effort to provide more jobs.没必要为此担心，因为现在政府正在尽一切努力提供更多的工作岗位。 9）There is no sense/point in doing...做……是没有意义的/道理的 There is no sense in leaving important decisions to inexperienced people.把重要决定留给没有经验的人是没有道理的。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.____________________________________________ each other and know more about each other. 毫无疑问，这是一个我们彼此相互学习和相互了解的好机会。 Ⅰ.用强调句型、倒装句型或There be句型补全句子 2.______________ have devoted their unconditional love to us, which indeed deserves our appreciation and reward. 是我们的父母给了我们无条件的爱，这确实值得我们感激和报答。 3.__________________________ the beauty of this language. 只有通过练习你才能发现这种语言的魅力。 4.________________ it can enhance people's consciousness of health, but it is more likely to result in over­anxiety. 毫无疑问，它能增强人们的健康意识，但更有可能引起过度焦虑。 答案：1. There is no doubt that it is a good chance for us to learn from 2. It's our parents who 3. Only through practice can you find 4. There is no doubt that 【雕词琢句】 1.The two-week communication has helped the Chinese students have a better understanding of English culture and made us become good friends.（用not only...but also...引导的倒装结构） _______________________________________________________________. 2.I didn’t realise the importance of studying hard until I failed in the exam. →①________________________________________________________.(not until位于句首的倒装结构) →②____________________________________________________________. (not until的强调句型) 3.你不仅可以欣赏中国剪纸的美,而且可以更多地了解中国的传统文化。 (运用倒装结构) ____________________________________________________________. 4.Only ___________________________________ (你意识到英语的重要性时)can you put your heart into it. 5.只有努力学习,我们才能不断取得进步。(倒装结构) ____________________________________________________________. 6.I have such a good command of English that I am elected as my English teacher’s assistant.（such引导的倒装句） →____________________________________________________________. 7.The Internet plays so important a role that a large number of people choose to watch movies using it. （so引导的倒装句） ____________________________________________________________. 8.这个栏目(column)非常受欢迎,我们在空闲的时候都喜欢阅读它。 ①____________________________________________________________. (so...that...的正常语序) ②____________________________________________________________. (so...that...的倒装语序) 9.Although the child was poor,he tried to find ways to study hard.（as引导的倒装句） →____________________________________________________________. 10. _________________________________ (尽管我感到失望)at the shabby campus and the poorly-equipped classroom,I found the teachers patient and considerate. 11.When you are traveling there, you can admire fantastic sights and experience its rich culture. （省略句） →____________________________, you can admire fantastic sights and experience its rich culture. 12.Firstly,people may feel forced when they are asked to do things that they don’t want to. （省略句） →Firstly,people may feel forced __________________________ that they don’t want to. 13.When the child was faced with the difficulty,he didn’t give up but managed to over come it.（省略句） →__________________________,the child didn’t give up but managed to over come it. 14.如果可能的话,你应该练习说普通话。（省略句） __________________________________. 答案：1. Not only has the two-week communication helped the Chinese students have a better understanding of English culture,but also it has made us become good friends.2.① Not until I failed in the exam did I realise the importance of studying hard. ② It was not until I failed in the exam that I realised the importance ofstudying hard. 3. Not only can you enjoy the beauty of the Chinese paper-cutting, but also you can learn more about the traditional Chinese culture. 4. when you realise the importance of English 5. Only if we study hard can we make continuous progress. 6. Such a good command of English do I have that I am elected as my English teacher’s assistant. 7. So important a role does the Internet play that a large number of people choose to watch movies using it. 8.① The column is so popular that all of us like reading it in the free time.② So popular is the column that all of us like reading it in the free time. 9.Poor as the child was, he tried to find ways to study hard. 10. Disappointed as I felt 11. When traveling there 12. when asked to do things 13. When faced with the difficulty 14. If possible,you should practice speaking Mandarin. 【利用倒装句和省略句型，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵（日记）】 Tuesday，August 1，2017 Fine In front of my home 1. _____________________ (有座山)，which is very high. 2．_________________ (我不会忘记) the day when I climbed the mountain with my father. The sky was clear and the sun was shining brightly. 3. ________________________ (我父亲走得如此快) that he was far ahead of me. Not until he stopped to wait for me 4. ______________________ (我赶上他). 5. ________________________________________ (尽管我很累)，I didn't give up. 6. ________________ (当到达) the top，we felt a sense of achievement. 7．_____________________ (生活也是这样)．We shouldn't give up halfway，however great the difficulty is. Only in this way 8. ________________________ (我们才能成功)． 答案：1. lies a mountain 2. Never will I forget 3. So fast did my father walk 4. did I catch up with him 5. Though/Although tired/Tired as/though I was 6. When reaching 7. So is the life 8. can we succeed 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 用途各异的被动、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型 英文中被动语态的使用比汉语要多，要普遍。一般说来，当强调动作承受者、不必说出动作执行者或执行者含糊不清时，多用被动语态。被动语态因为更突出客观事实而被广泛使用。而虚拟语气是写作的“独门暗器”,能为写作增添一道亮丽的风景线。所以同学们在写作时也应该注意多用被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型，以赢得更高的分数。 一、被动语态集合 1．主动语态变被动语态 ①To enlarge vocabulary, we should read more native materials. →To enlarg evocabulary, more native materials should be read. ②They carried out a survey among 260 students. →A survey was carried out among 260 students. 2．写作中常见的被动语态 (1)be＋过去分词(be可使用各种时态) ①Nowadays, more and more English words are being used in the Chinese language.当今，越来越多的英语词汇正在汉语中使用。 ②Luckily she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearest hospital.幸运的是，她受伤不严重，并且我们把她送到了最近的医院。 (2)情态动词＋be＋过去分词 ①To improve the air quality, the use of private cars should be reduced.为了提高空气质量，应该减少使用私家车。 ②As can be seen from the chart, more and more people own mobile phones in China now.正如从表中所看到的，如今在中国拥有手机的人越来越多。 (3)get＋过去分词 ①The entrance to the parking place was too small and often got blocked.通往停车场的入口太小了，经常堵车。 ②I’m feeling very sorry to tell you that I have to change our plan to visit Yunnan in July, because one of my feet got injured.我很抱歉地告诉你我不得不改变我们七月份去云南旅游的计划，因为我的一只脚受伤了。 (4)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. (5)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. (6)在使役动词have make get以及感官动词see watch notice hear feel observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. (7)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词+介词”，“动词+副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 The meeting is to be put off till Friday. (8)非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。 I don't like being laughed at in the public. 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.花园门被那个女孩锁上了。(被动结构) ____________________________________. 2.那棵树被大风吹倒了。(被动结构) ____________________________________. 3.我们看到那棵树时，它已经被吹倒了。 ____________________________________. 4.老人被孩子们团团围住。(被动语态) ____________________________________. 5.我们因雾受阻。(被动语态) ____________________________________. 6.这座山终年被积雪覆盖。 ____________________________________. 答案：1. The gate to the garden was locked by the girl. 2. The tree was blown down by the high winds. 3. The tree was blown down when we saw it. 4. The old man was surrounded by small children. 5. We were held up by fog. 6. The mountain is covered with snow all the year round. 二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 1.比较级的修饰语常见的有：much, even ，rather, still, a lot, a little, a bit, a great deal, far, by far, any(用于否定句或疑问句)等。 2.比较级＋than…“比……更……”；less…than“不如……”。 3.the＋比较级＋of (the)＋名词/代词 “(两者中)较……的”。 4.高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really, not quite, nothing like等。 【举一反三】根据所给的提示完成下面的句子 1．Andy is content with the toy.It is____________ (good) he has ever got. 2．Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ____________ (clean) than ever. 3．It may not be a great suggestion.But before a ______ _____ (good) one is put forward, we’ll make to deal with it. 4．This is ____________(迄今为止) the most inspiring movie that I have ever seen. 5．Tom is ____________(较勤奋的) boy of the two. 答案：1.the best　2.cleaner　3.better　4.by far5．the more hardworking 三、比较级表最高级的含义 1.形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋any (other)＋单数可数名词/any of the other＋复数名词/the others/any of the others表示“某人/某物比同一范围内的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“某人/某物最……”。 Tom is always studying harder than any other boy in the class.汤姆总是比班里其他男孩学习更努力。 2.“never…a/an＋比较级＋单数名词”表示“没……比这更……”。 I have never read a more interesting novel. 我从来没读过比这更有意思的小说。 【举一反三】汉译英 1．这部电影比我看过的其他任何电影都有趣。 ____________________________________. 2．我从来没看过更有趣的电影。 ____________________________________. 答案：1. This film is more interesting than any other one that I have ever seen. 2.I have never seen a more interesting film. 四、形容词、副词的特殊结构 1．the＋比较级＋…，the＋比较级＋…，意为“越……，就越……”。 The harder you work, the more progress you will make.你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。 2．比较级＋and＋比较级，意为“越来越……”。 Our motherland will become more and more powerful.我们的祖国将变得越来越强大。 3．no＋比较级＋than…，意为“两者都不……”。 The film is no better than that one.这两部电影都不好。 4．more…than…，意为“与其……不如……”。 He is more shy than frightened.与其说害怕，不如说他害羞。 5．can’t＋…＋enough/too…，意为“再……也不为过”。 You can’t be careful enough when driving a car.开车时，你再小心也不为过。 6．the last表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”“最不希望的”等。 The last thing they want is to work in the red areas where life is hard.他们最不乐意的是在生活艰难的红色区域里工作。 【举一反三】 1.根据所给的提示完成下面的句子 1．The____________ (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit. 2．I am convinced that my oral English ___________ _____________(会变得越来越好)． 3．I can’t say thank－you ____________much.I couldn’t have succeeded without your help. 4．I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend ____________(更多的) in the coming years. 答案:1.harder　2.will become better and better3．too　4.many more 2.翻译下面的句子 1．我和他的数学都不好。(no＋比较级＋than) ____________________________________. 2．与其说他聪明，不如说他勤奋。 ____________________________________. 答案:1. My math is no better than his. 2. He is more hardworking than clever. 五、表示倍数的几个常考句型 1．A is＋倍数＋as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as B 2．A is＋倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than B 3．A is＋倍数＋the＋性质名词(length/width/height/ weight/size)＋of B 【举一反三】 1.根据所给的提示完成下面的句子 1．It’s said that the power plant is now ____________ (two) as large as what it was. 2．This restaurant wasn’t____________(有……的一半好) that other restaurant we went to. 3．这间房子是那间房子的三倍大。 The room is 3 times as big as that one. ①＝The room is______________________ than than one. ②＝The room is 3 times ____________________ of that one. 答案：1.twice　2.half as good as3．① twice bigger ②the size 六、虚拟语气 1、虚拟语气在非真实条件从句中的运用 if条件从句 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 与现在事实相反 动词过去式(be的过去式用were) should/would/could/might+动词原形 与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 should/would/could/might+have+过去分词 与将来事实相反 should+动词原形were to do动词过去式 should/would/could/might+动词原形 1.If I had taken his advice,I wouldn’t have missed such a good opportunity.如果我听了他的建议,我就不会错过这么好的一个机会了。 2.I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to understand them better.如果你能给我提供一些如何更好地理解它们的建议,我将非常感激。 2. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用 1）用于wish或would rather后的宾语从句中 对现在情况的虚拟 wish/would rather+主语+动词过去式(be动词用were) 对过去情况的虚拟 wish/would rather+主语+had+过去分词 对将来情况的虚拟 wish+主语+would/could+动词原形或would rather+主语+动词过去式 (be动词用were) Actually,how I wish I could raise questions in class! 事实上,我多么希望自己在课上能提出问题呀! I would rather you had come here to spend the holiday with me last month. 我宁愿上个月你来这儿和我共度假期了。 2）使用“should+动词原形”结构的虚拟语气 My teacher suggests that we (should) learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely. 老师建议我们(应该)学会冷静、明智地处理冲突。 3）在“It is (high) time+that从句”中从句要用虚拟语气,谓语动词用过去式或用“should+动词原形”。 It’s high time that we made the public realise the importance of saving energy. 到了我们让公众意识到节能的重要性的时候了。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1) I am not in Beijing now,or I will accompany you to the bookstore.（用虚拟语气） → _______________________________________________. 2)If I had formed a good habit of reciting something, _______________________________________________ (我就能够在英语方面取得更大的进步了). 3)一句多译:如果你能帮助我的话,我将非常感激。（用虚拟语气） ①_______________________________________________.(appreciate it) ②_______________________________________________.(be grateful) 4)Without them,people _________________________________ (就不能享受和谐) or the country would be in chaos. 5)They helped me yesterday.Otherwise _________________________________ (我就不能按时完成任务). 6）I wish _______________________________________________  (我没有错过出国学习的机会) last year. 7)我宁愿明天去北京。 _______________________________________________. 8)In order to settle the tough problem,I recommend that those caught do ing such things ___________________________________ (应该阅读一本鼓舞人心的书) every month and share it with all the other students. 9.我建议你和一些中国学生交朋友。（一句多译） ①_______________________________________________. (advise) ②_______________________________________________.(advice) 10.到了我们采取有效措施控制污染的时候了。（一句多译） ①_______________________________________________.(It’s time for sb. to do...) ②_______________________________________________.(It’s time that...) 答案： 1) If I were in Beijing now,I would accompany you to the bookstore.2) I could have made greater progress in English 3)① I would appreciate it if you could help me. ② I would be very grateful if you could help me. 4) could not enjoy harmony 5) I could not have finished the task on time 6）I hadn’t missed the chance to study abroad  7) I would rather I went to Beijing tomorrow.8) should read an inspiring book 9.① I advise that you should make friends with some Chinese students. ② My advice is that you should make friends with some Chinese students. 10.① It’s time for us to take effective measures to control pollution. ② It’s time that we took effective measures to control pollution. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $整齐有序的并列句 由两个或两个以上不分主次、相互独立的简单句构成的句子叫并列句。并列句通过并列连词、连接副词和分号三种方式连接起来。 一、表并列关系的并列连词:and(和),both...and...(……和……都),neither...nor...(既不……也不),not only...but also... (不但……而且), on (the) one hand...on the other (hand)...(一方面……另一方面……),as well as(也,和……一样)等,其后都可以连接名词、代词、形容词、动词或介词短语等;当both... and...连接名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式; not only... but also...连接并列分句是,常置于句首,not only后接的句子用倒装句,即将助动词提到主语前。 1.In my opinion,everyone here is a member of our big family and we learn a lot from each other. 就我而言,每一个在这里的人都是我们大家庭里的一员并且我们彼此学到了很多。 2. The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack. It not only affects our everyday life,but may also threaten people’s lives. 交通问题很难解决。它不仅影响我们的日常生活,而且威胁人们的生命安全。 3.I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car,which drove off quickly.我正在去书店的路上,在一个十字路口等绿灯时,突然一个大约十岁的女孩被一辆过往的汽车撞倒,肇事车辆快速逃逸了。 4.In my opinion,the son refuses to communicate with his mother not because he has no time but because he’s unwilling to. 我认为,儿子拒绝与他的母亲交流不是因为他没时间而是因为他不愿意。 5. I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation. I’ve seen your ad,and I’d like to know something more about your six-week English course. 1.我是一个中国学生,我计划假期到英国去参加一个暑期学校。我已经看了你们的广告,我想知道更多关于你们的六周英语课程的情况。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.我知道你拍照好,并且总是想着为环境保护做些事情。 _. 2.书籍不仅被分享而且它还能建立一个联系世界各地读者的桥梁。 _. 答案:1.I know you take good pictures and you’ve always wanted to do something for environmental protection. 2. Not only are books shared but also it can build up a bridge connecting readers from different parts of the world as well. 二、表转折关系的并列连词:but(但是),yet(但是,然而),whereas(然而),while(然而),or(否则)。当while作为表示转折的并列连词时,其强调的是两种情况的对比。 1.It is beneficial to some people,while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not. 它对一些人有益,却使其他人对是否投票处于两难境地。 2. She herself lived a simple or rather poor life but she was so generous to the people in need of help. 她自己过着简朴的生活但对需要帮助的人如此慷慨。 3.To be honest,in spite of my good preparation,I felt a little nervous when I was entering the exam room. However,I soon adjusted my mind of state and answered the questions calmly and carefully. 说实话,尽管我准备充分,但进入考场时还是感到有点紧张。然而,我很快调整状态,冷静细心地回答问题。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.虽然她是一个普通妇女但是确实值得尊敬。 _. 2.一些人支持而其他人不然。 _. 3.李老师和我们度过了一段快乐的时光,但我们知道对她所有的付出和指导再怎么感谢也不为过。 _. 答案:1. She is an ordinary woman but she is really worth respecting. 2. Some people support it while others do not. 3. Ms. Li spent a wonderful time with us, but we know that we cannot thank her enough for all her hard work and guidance. 三、表选择关系的并列连词:or(或者),either...or...(或者……或者……),not...but...(不是……而是……),or else(否则)等。 1.Take the chance,or else you will regret it. 抓住这次机会,否则你会后悔的。 2. Life is a horse, and either you ride it or it rides you.人生就像一匹马,你不驾驭它,它就驾驭你。(名言警句) 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.人们可以把它们当做礼物送出去,或是挂在自己的房间里。 _. 2. 重要的是学会控制自己的脾气,这样你就不会做或说任何你会后悔的事情。 _. 答案:1. People can either give them as gifts or hang them in their houses. 2. The important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything you’ll regret. 四、表因果关系的并列连词:for(因为,用于),so(所以,因此)。For后面的分句表示一种推断性的原因,是对前一分句的补充;同时,for连接的分句不能放在句首,而so后面接的句子表示一种结果。 1.I’d better take an umbrella,for it is going to rain. 我最好带把伞,因为天快要下雨了。 2. Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process for it requires attention as well as memory and imagination. 与看电视不同,阅读是一个很主动的过程 因为它除了需要记忆力和想像力外 还需注意力。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.所有的同学都非常友好和善良,因此你没有必要担心有什么困难。 _. 2. 你知道起初我有点紧张,但很快我平静下来,因为我开始意识到语文和数学很简单,而英语是我最喜欢的科目。 _. 答案:1.All the classmates are friendly and kind, so you don’t need to worry about the difficulty. 2. At first, I felt a little bit nervous but soon I calmed down for Chinese and math, I came to realize, were very easy and English is my favorite subject, you know. 五、表示条件或结果关系的并列连词:表示条件或结果关系,常用于句型“祈使句+and/or+陈述句(动词用将来时态)”中。 1.Help others whenever you can, and you will make the world a nicer place to live in. 只要你有能力就要帮助别人,你会使这个世界成为更美好(的生活地方)。 2.Start out right away, or you'll miss the first train立刻出发,否则你将会错过第一班火车。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.站在那儿你就能够更好地观看那张油画。 _. 2.快点,否则你又会迟到的。 _. 答案:1. Stand over there,and you’ll be able to see the oil painting better. 2. Hurry up, or you’ll be late again. 六、when作并列连词用时的用法:When作为并列连词相当于and at this/that time,意为“正在这时,突然”,常用于以下句式: a) sb. was doing sth. when …… 表示“……正在做……这时突然……”。 John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. 约翰正在屋里学习,突然听到一声尖叫。 He was reading newspapers when he heard his name called. 他正在读报,这时听到有人叫他的名字。 b) sb. was about to do sth. / s.b was going to do/ sb. was on the point of doing sth. when ……表示“……正要做……这时突然……”。 I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.我刚要睡,突然我的卧室亮如白昼。 Tom was about to go to bed when the bell rang. 汤姆正要上床睡觉时,突然电话响了。 I was about to go out when an unexpected visitor came.我正要出门,一位不速之客来访了。 c) sb. had just done sth. when ……表示“……刚好做完……这时突然……”。 The next morning I’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.第二天早上,我正感到绝望的时候,一艘船发现了我。 d) When it comes to-表示“当提到……时”。 When it comes to this topic, I am eager to share some of my own experiences to you. 当说到这个话题,我急切的想和你分享一些我自己的经历。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.我正要放弃,这时爸爸过来鼓励我继续前行。 _. 2.我们正在开会,这时突然有人闯了进来。 _. 3.我刚刚拖完地,这时电话铃响了。 _. 答案:1. I was about to give up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going. 3. I had just finished sweeping the floor when the telephone rang. 【雕词琢句】 1)If you are able to come with us,please let us know _ (我们将会等你) at the school gate at 9 in the morning. 2)I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation_ (并且我想让你帮我一个忙). 3)剪纸是中国的传统之一,而且我相信你会喜欢它的。 _. 4)我想去博物馆,但是我的同班同学绝大部分人想去野餐。 _. 5)他阅读有困难,因为他的视力不好。_.(for连接的并列句) 6)第二,这种投票并不取决于竞争者的优势,而是取决于他们掌握了多少 社交网络资源。 _ 7)Maybe the training is a bit difficult for you, _ (但是你可以迅速提高你的技能)through it. 8)Everyone in our society should help those in need, _ (但是更重要的是真诚) 答案:1) and we’ ll wait for you 2) and I want you to do me a favor/help me 3) Paper-cutting is one of the Chinese traditions and I am sure you will like it. 4)I would love to go to a museum,but most of my classmates wanted to go for a picnic. 5)He has trouble in reading,for his sight is poor.6)Secondly,voting of this kind does not depend on the strong points of the competitors,but rather on how many social-networking resources they have. 7) but you can improve your skills quickly 8) but it is more important to be sincere 【利用所学并列句的相关知识,结合语境补全短文并背诵(求助信)】 Dear Ms. Jenkins, I'm Li Hua 1. _ I'm writing to ask you for help. I've determined to take a part-time job during the summer holiday 2. _ I intend to accumulate some social experience. I am quite interested in a position in a foreignfunded company 3. _ I have already written my application in English.4. _,I am not sure of the vocabulary and grammar that I used and the formats of application letter and resume.5. _ would you please 6. _ correct the mistakes 7. _ polish the formats if it is convenient for you? I'll be grateful if you can help me with that. I have attached my application letter as well as resume to this letter. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua 答案:and; for; and; however; so; not only; but also 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 琳琅满目的名词性从句 名词性从句是重要的语法项目之一，也是写作中常用的高级表达之一。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，通常由从属连词(that，whether，if)、连接代词(who，what，which)、连接副词(when，where，why，how)引导。名词性从句都不能用逗号和主句分开。在写作中我们可以巧用名词性从句来为我们的文章“锦上添花”。 一、主语从句 1. What makes me concerned is my final exam which will be held two weeks later. 让我担心的是两周后要进行的期末考试。 2. What we need most are popular science books. 我们最需要的是科普书籍。 3. What really matters is whether it comes from your inner heart.真正重要的是它(礼物)是否来自你的内心。 4. After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. 从那以后，琥珀屋的最终归宿就成了一个谜。 5. Whoever plays with fire gets burnt. 玩火者自焚。(谚语必背) 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.__________________________________ can join in it对小发明感兴趣的任何人都可以参加。 2.But ____________________________ are literary books，especially those by famous writers. 但是最令我感兴趣的是文学书籍，尤其是那些著名作家写的。 3. __________________ (他要去山村工作的消息) surprises all of us. 4. __________________(他是否出过国)doesn’t make much difference. (he, abroad) 5.）__________________ (你捡到的任何东西), you must give it back to whoever it belong to. 答案：1. Whoever is interested in making small inventions 2. what interests me most 3. that he will go to work in a mountain village 4. Whether he has been abroad or not 5. whatever you have picked up 二、宾语从句 1. I hope you could appreciate that I must spare no effort to do well in my final exam. 我希望你能理解我必须不遗余力地搞好期末考试。 2. I sincerely hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation. 我诚挚地希望你能接受我的歉意并理解我的处境。 3.I wonder if you’d like to go with me. 我想知道你是否想和我一起去。 4. We are aware that we should build up our bodies and live a healthy life. 我们意识到我们应该锻炼身体，过健康的生活。 5.I am sure that with your great efforts，you will enjoy a colorful and fruitful life here. 我确信在你的巨大努力下，你的生活会丰富多彩。 6.I’m sorry to know that you’re having such a bad time at the moment. 我很遗憾得知你现在过得不好。 7.This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldn’t get discouraged right after failures. 温斯顿·丘吉尔的这句名言告诉我们：我们不应该在失败后沮丧。 8. Can I suggest that we put it off until early August? 我能建议把它推迟到八月初吗？ 9. I’d also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included. 我还想知道我要付多少学费，是否包含住宿。 10. I often imagine what my life will be like in the future. I think my life will be very different in ten years. 我经常想象未来我的生活会是什么样的。我想我的生活在十年后会非常不同。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.最近的一项调查表明，在过去的三年里我们学校学生的健康状况越来越差。 _____________________________________________. 2.要是我能采访他，我会问他是什么使他成为一名宇航员，他是怎样被训练的。 _____________________________________________. 3.首先，我想知道课程什么时候开始、一个班有多少学生。 _____________________________________________. 答案：1. A recent survey shows that the health of the students in our school has been going from bad to worse in the past three years. 2. If I could interview him, I would ask him what made him an astronaut and how he was trained. 3. First of all, I'd like to know when the class will start and how many students there will be in a class. 三、同位语从句 1. There is no doubt that you can get along well with them. 毫无疑问，你可以和他们友好相处。 2.It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families，shouldering the hope of their parents. 它反映出当今的一个普遍现象：孩子们是家庭的焦点，肩负着父母的希望。 3. I am now truly filled with happiness that I am a devoted friend and helper of the human race! 我现在真的非常高兴我能够成为人类的忠实朋友和助手。 4. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. 她看来正常成长的事实令人鼓舞。 5. You really have no idea just how hopeless cancer can make you feel. 你真的想不到癌症会让人多么绝望。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. _______________________ children there are badly in need of care and help. 毫无疑问，那里的孩子们急需关爱和帮助。 2. The student asked me the question ___________________．学生问了我这个问题：这部电影是否值得一看。 3. I have no idea __________________. 我不知道他发生了什么。 答案：1. There is no doubt that 2. whether this film was worth watching 3. what has happened to him 四、表语从句 1.In addition to reading for knowledge，we read for fun and inspiration. That is why I recommend another category of books：literary books. 除了为知识，我们还为乐趣和灵感而读书。那就是我为什么推荐另一种书——文学书籍。 2. To practice as much as possible is where the secret lies.尽可能多地练习就是秘密之所在。 3. One problem is that I don’t look any different from other people. 问题是我看上去跟平常人一样。 4. That’s why they are called the Winter Olympics. 这就是它们被称之为冬奥会的原因。 5. Welcome to our city! You can see that our city is not what it used to be (它过去的那个样子) (use) 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.__________________________________________ you have to send the article to me before June 28th. 你应该记住的最后一件重要事情是在6月28日前把文章发给我。 2. Listening and speaking is __________________ when it comes to English.当谈到英语时，听说是我弱势的地方。 3. Being responsible is_________________________________________.负责任是创造一个更好的社会所必须要做的。 答案：1. The last important thing you should remember is that 2. where my weakness lies 3. what it takes to make a better society 五、名词性从句的常用句型 1．A is to B what C is to D　A对B而言正像C对D而言 A book is to the mind what food is to the body.书籍对于心灵而言正如食物对于身体一样。 2．I'm sorry to say that...遗憾地说…… I'm sorry to say that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.很遗憾地说星期五下午我不能与你一起去书店。 3．I do hope that...“我确实希望……” By the way, I do hope that you can help me improve my English writing ability, especially the proper use of vocabulary and some important grammar.顺便说一下，我确实希望你能帮助我提高英语写作能力，尤其是正确使用词汇和一些重要语法的能力。 4．I am aware that...“我知道……” As a member of the society, I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.作为社会中的一员，我知道责任感是使社会更美好所需要的东西。 5．It is＋important/necessary/strange...that...重要的/必要的/奇怪的是…… However, it is important that we never lose the enthusiasm to keep on trying然而，重要的是，我们从来没有丧失过继续努力的热情。 6．It is/was no surprise/wonder that...……不足为怪 She is warm­hearted, so it is no surprise/wonder that she always helps those who are in trouble.她是一个热心肠的人，因此她经常帮助那些处于困境的人们就不足为怪了。 7．An advantage of...is that...……的优点是…… An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create/produce any pollution.使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。 8．I learned from the newspaper/the post/the Internet that...“我从报纸上/帖子上/网络上得知……” This is Li Xia. I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin. I am more than willing to help you with your Mandarin.我是李夏，我从你的帖子上了解到你想要提高你的普通话水平，我非常乐意帮助你学习普通话。 9．That/This/It is why/because...那/这就是为什么/因为…… I read about your reform of the school English newspaper, and that's why I'm writing to voice my opinion.我获悉了你对英语校报的改革方案，那就是为什么我写信发表观点的原因。 10．I hold the view that...“我持……观点/我认为……” I strongly hold the view that measures should be taken to stop Chinese tourists (from) behaving badly in public places.我强烈认为应该采取措施阻止中国游客在公共场所的不良行为。 11．No one can deny the fact that...谁也不可否认的事实是…… No one can deny the fact that the environment is getting polluted more and more seriously.谁也不可否认的事实是，环境污染越来越严重了。 12．From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that...“通过上面的讨论，我们可以得出结论……” From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that you must have self-confidence if you want to achieve your goal.通过上面的讨论，我们可以得出结论：如果你想实现目标，你一定要自信。 13．The reason why...is that...……的原因是…… The reason why he wasn't admitted into a key university was that his grades were too low.他没有被重点大学录取的原因是他的分数太低了。 14．What impresses/surprises/shocks...sb. most is that...最令某人印象深刻/吃惊/震惊的是…… In addition, what may interest you most is that I am really nervous and upset when taking the exam.另外，可能最使你感兴趣的是，考试时我真的既紧张又烦躁。 15．I wonder whether/if...我想知道是否…… I am wondering if you could tell me more about this activity我想知道你是否能告诉我有关活动的更多的信息。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. ______________________________ I want to make our city a more beautiful place to live in. 我选择成为一名清洁工的原因是我想使我们的城市成为一个更美的居住地。 2.On behalf of our school，____________________________ in spoken English, and develop our English corner. 代表我们学校，我非常高兴地告诉你，要求你主要在英语口语方面训练学生，以及发展英语角。 3．__________________ I have a good command of English and have a lot of teaching experience. 最重要的因素是，我精通英语并且拥有大量英语教学经验。 4.因此，我坚信未来掌控在我们自己的手中。(宾语从句) 5.我最感兴趣的是文学书，尤其是由著名作家写的。(主语从句) 6.我的英语还不错，学习中最主要的两个问题是我感觉记单词难，而且说英语时经常感到紧张。(表语从句) 答案：1. The reason why I choose to be a dustman is that 2. I'm very glad to tell you that you'll mainly be asked to train the students 3. The most important factor is that 4.Therefore, I firmly believe that our future is in our own hands. 5. What interests me most is literary books, especially those by famous writers. 6. My English is just OK and the two main problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart, and that I often feel nervous when speaking English. 【雕词琢句】 1)我们想做的第一件事是和老人们一起包饺子。 ______________________________. 2)我想建议你游览的地方是泰山。______________________________. 3)I hope ______________________________ (我们能享受生活)of spring every day. 4)I have been told ______________________________ (我们校队正在招收新队员). 5)The main reason for my choice is ______________________________ (我倾向于牺牲自己的利益) for the group benefit. 6)那就是为什么我认为长江之旅是一个更好的选择。 ______________________________. 7)Learning that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide, I am writing to apply to participate in it for the simple reason ______________________________ (我喜欢阅读,并且有很多书). 8)一句多译 （1）多数人认为教育能改变一个人的命运。 ①______________________________. (hold the firm belief that...) ② ______________________________.(What...believe is that...) ③ ______________________________.(believe that...) （2）我知道我是如何取得成功的。 ① ______________________________ (success) ②______________________________.(succeed) ③______________________________ (successful) ④ ______________________________. (make it) 答案：1) What we want to do first is to make dumplings with the elderly people. 2) What I want to recommend you to visit is Mount Tai. 3) that we can enjoy the life 4)that our school team is recruiting new team members 5) that I tend to sacrifice my own interest 6) That is why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.7) that I love reading and I own a large number of books 8)①Most people hold the firm belief that education can change one’s fate.② What most people believe is that education can change one’s fate.③ Most people believe that education can change one’s fate.（2）① I know how I achieved my success.② I know how I succeeded.③ I know how I was/became successful. ④ I know how I made it. 【利用所学名词性从句的相关知识，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵（邀请信）】 Boys and girls， I'm the chairman of Student Union，Li Hua，and I have big news for you 1. ______________________________________________ (我们学生会成立了一个英语俱乐部)．Obviously，besides study，there are also other things beneficial to us. One of the benefits is 2. ______________________________________________________ (俱乐部可以使我们的校园生活丰富多彩，充满收获)．There goes the plan. 3．____________________ (据安排) that we will see English films in the auditorium on Tuesday evening. Apart from that，there is going to be an English debate or discussion on Saturday evening；yet，the specific topics haven't been settled. If you have wonderful ideas and suggestions，please let us know. I'll highly appreciate it 4. ___________________________________ (如果你积极参与俱乐部活动)．You will never regret joining us. So，just do it. Student Union 答案：1. that we，Student Union，set up an English club 2. that the club can make our campus life colorful and rewarding 3. It is arranged 4. if you are actively involved in the club 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 言简意赅的非谓语动词 众所周知，作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散；而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。恰当地运用非谓语动词对简单句和复合句进行转换，不仅句型多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑，言简意明。 一、不定式 动词不定式是构成长句的一个重要因素。不定式由自己的宾语、状语和补足语，组成不定式短语。在分析句子时要把不定式短语看作一个整体。不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1、不定式作主语 1)It is everybody’s duty to observe them to keep our society in order. 遵守它们(交通规则)以保持社会秩序是每个人的责任。 2) It takes four to six weeks to finish the report. 要完成这个报告会花费我四到六周的时间。 3)It is a great honour for me to tell you some information relevant to the local life.能告诉你关于当地生活的一些相关信息是我的荣幸。 4)We can see that it’s not uncommon for one language to borrow words from other languages. 我们可以看到一种语言借用其他语言的词汇的现象很普遍。 5)It’s not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts. 对他们来说，在汉语语境中理解这些词汇并不难。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. ________________ requires a lot of practice. Therefore, I like my English classes to be taught completely in English .学好英语需要大量的实践。因此，我喜欢英语课完全用英语授课。 2.________________ was hard work but as we looked around us, we were surprised by the view. 上山很难，但是当我环顾四周）眼前的）景色让我们感到惊奇。 2、不定式作宾语 1) I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin. 我从你的海报上得知你想提高普通话。 2)I tend to take the “Against” side for two reasons. 我倾向于支持反对方，原因有两个。 3) People need to learn to accept the reality and keep on trying. 人们需要学会接受事实，继续努力。 4) I will regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and healthy. 我会把它当作我的职责，以帮助保持我们的环境清洁和健康。 5) She promised to help him and give him three golden apples. 她答应帮助他并且给他三个金苹果。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.______________________________________? 他应该怎样向他的同学询问该做什么？ 2. In a trial, a judge must decide _____________________________. 在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不可以相信。 3、不定式作表语 1) The important thing is to learn to control your temper. 重要的是学会控制你的情绪。 2) The first thing I plan to do is to do a part-time job in a fast-food restaurant. 我计划做的第一件事是在快餐店做兼职。 3) Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality. 不管怎样，我的目标时给人们提供高质量的生活。 4) His most exciting invitation was to perform on a TV programme called “Top of the Pops.” 最令他感动的经历时受邀请参加叫做“顶级流行歌手”的电视节目。 5) His first tasks was to write his story, but he had to do it carefully. 他的第一件事就是写报道稿，他必须认认真真地写。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.__________________________. 眼见为实。 2. What he is considering is ____________________________.他在考虑的是搞到足够的钱买辆车。 4、不定式作定语 1) Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials. 我们班提出了更好地利用旧材料的想法。 2) Could we make another appointment to go to the bookstore together? 我们能另约个时间一起去书店吗？ 3) Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures. 成功在于百折不挠。 4) You have the evidence to support your story. 你就有证据来支撑自己的报道了。 5) There are always so many new people to meet and interesting things to see. 你总会遇到许多新的人，看到有趣的事。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. He is always the first_____________________________. 他总是课堂上第一个回答问题。 2. We have not enough time __________________. 我们没有足够的时间做这项工作。 5、不定式作状语 1)In order to earn some extra money and reduce my family’s burden，I’d like to go to a foreign capital company to find a part-time job. 为了挣些外快减少家庭负担，我想去外资企业找一份兼职工作。 2) We should make full use of time to study. 我们应该充分利用时间来学习。 3) We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future. 我们应该努力通过学习提高自我，为未来做好准备。 4) A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without hesitation. 一个人迅速跑过去给那个女孩急救，我毫不犹豫地参与了。 5)To make our life easier and the environment more beautiful，I have designed a pair of magic shoes. 为了使我们的生活更轻松环境更美好，我设计了一双有魔力的鞋。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. What did Mandela do_______________? 为帮助黑人，曼德拉做了什么？ 2. Anyhow their performances were humorous enough ____________________. 不管怎么样，他们的幽默表演风格被其它乐队争相模仿。 6、不定式作补足语 1) She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them. 她耐心地向学生解释所有的规则，而且要求他们每个人要遵守。 2)I’d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival. 我想邀请你在下周六和我们一起去附近的敬老院过重阳节。 3)In my opinion，those who have received her donation will be encouraged to study even harder and try their best to achieve success. 在我看来，那些收到她的捐赠的人会受到鼓励，会更努力地学习，尽他们的最大努力获得成功。 4) Every one of you is expected to be part of the event. 希望每个人都是这个活动中的一部分。 5) We were asked to make a sentence with it. 我们被要求用它造一个句子。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. He then covered the vegetables with banana leaves and left them ________. 然后他用香蕉叶子把这些蔬菜盖上，等它们蒸熟。 2. This book is believed ___________. 这本书被认为非常有用。 7、疑问词＋不定式 1)Last Tuesday，our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make dough figurines. 上周二，我们班邀请了一位老工匠来教我们怎样做面人。 2) It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school. 非常荣幸在这里与你们分享我的关于高中学习内容的观点。 8、形容词＋不定式 1)Dear guests，you are welcome to take part in some activities.亲爱的来宾，欢迎大家参加一些活动。 2)I’m very delighted to learn that you’re coming to our class to study with us as an exchange student next term. 我很高兴得知下学期你要作为一名交换生来我们班和我们一起学习。 3)I am good at communicating and always ready to help others.我擅长交际，乐于助人。 4)At this very moment，my parents came back and were quite surprised to see all the rooms tidy and floors shining. 就在这时，我的父母回来了，看到所有房间整洁、地面光亮感到非常惊讶。 5)However，without their hard work，it is difficult to imagine what our environment would be like. 然而，如果没有他们的辛勤劳动，很难想象我们的环境会是什么样的。 9、不定式的主动形式表达被动含义 1) The bike seemed too heavy and difficult to control. 自行车似乎很沉，难以控制。 2)Once，I was faced with great difficulty in learning English，especially in vocabulary and grammar，which，from my point of view，is unlikely to overcome. 我曾经在学英语方面面临很大困难，尤其是词汇和语法，这在我看来是不可能克服的。 3)In some experts’ opinion，living conditions on the Mars are very hard to tolerate. 在一些专家看来，火星上的生活条件艰苦得难以忍受。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.我们可能有不同的方法来处理这样一个情况。 _____________________________________. 2.我认为这对我来说是一个进一步提高我能力的绝佳机会。 _____________________________________. 3.现在我有一个好消息要告诉你。 _____________________________________. 4.此外，我们应该学会怎样与别人相处得融洽。 _____________________________________. 5.他们的确有助于强健我的身体、丰富我的校园生活。 _____________________________________. 6.首先，我们应该学会高效学习。 _____________________________________. 7.现在我们在那里停放自行车容易了。 _____________________________________. 8.就我个人来说，为了实现我的学习目标，我过去常常尝试多种有效的方法。 _____________________________________. 9.我抱歉地说，我不能和你一起在星期五下午去书店了。 _____________________________________. 10.我们应当通过学习尽力提升自己，为未来做好准备。 _____________________________________. 二、动名词 动名词是由动词的-ing形式构成，兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词。它可以带有自己的宾语，也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化，可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。 1. Such rude riding contributes to the disorder of traffic. 这样野蛮的骑车方式导致了交通混乱。 2. Some students are addicted to playing computer games and some often cheat in the exams. 一些学生迷恋玩网络游戏，还有一些经常在考试中作弊。 3.Doing the same sports on the playground gives us the opportunity to promote our friendship.在操场上做同样的运动给了我们机会促进我们的友谊。 4.Questioning can lead to searching for an answer.质疑能够寻求到答案。 5.As for cheating in the exams，I will tell them the importance of honesty. 至于考试作弊，我会告诉他们诚实的重要性。 6.As an old saying goes，living without a clear and achievable aim is like sailing without a compass. 俗话说得好，生活没有明确的目标就好像航海没有指南针。 7. Hope to meet you at the training camp this summer. 希望在今年夏天的训练营见到你。 8.As a student，I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates. 作为一个学生，我可以告诉你，没有什么比在同学们面前受到老师表扬更好的事情了。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. _________________ about such matters. 对这样的事情没有玩笑可言。 2.______________________. 覆水难收。 3. Her first delight __________________________. 她最先想参观的地方时伦敦塔。 4. You want to sell your “green food”, but the problem is _______________________. 你想出售你的“绿色食品”，但问题是要让他们了解你的食品和它的好处。 三、现在分词 现在分词的一般式：doing；一般被动式：being done；完成式：having done；完成被动式：having been done。 所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not ，包括独立主格形式。现在分词既具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语；又具有形容词和副词的特征，可以充当表语，定语，状语，补足语，表示主动或正在进行的动作。 1.While visiting the art exhibition，we discussed the great artists’works. 参观艺术展时，我们讨论了伟大的艺术家们的作品。 2.A week before Earth Day，posters were put up around our school，calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth. 地球日的前一周，学校里张贴了海报，号召我们参加绿化地球的行动。 3. I feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese history. 得知你对中国历史感兴趣，我感到很自豪。 4.Some riders of e-bikes and bicycles come and go in all directions，ignoring traffic lights and other vehicles. 一些骑电动车和自行车的人朝四面八方往来穿梭，忽视交通灯和其他车辆。 5.With English words getting popular in both media and daily life，a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them，leaving the public divided into two opposing groups：“For” and “Against”． 随着英语单词在媒体和日常生活中越来越流行，一本汉语词典收录了239个英语单词，这使公众分成了相反的两派：“赞成”和“反对”。 6.In the coming three years，our school life will be challenging. 在未来三年中，我们的学校生活将会是充满挑战的。 7.Hearing this，the whole class burst into laughter and my deskmate’s face turned red. 听到这个，全班同学大笑起来，我同桌的脸变红了。 8.These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing serious harm to life and the environment. 目前，违反交通规则，乱扔垃圾的事情屡见不鲜，对生活和环境造成了严重破坏。 9.A week before Earth Day，posters were put up around our school，calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.一周前的世界地球日我们的学校张贴了海报，呼吁我们参加一个绿色的地球的行动。 10.In the picture，we can see a boy in worn clothes，sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it.在这幅画中，我们可以看到一个穿着破旧衣服的男孩，坐在一张放着一摞书的旧木桌旁。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. However, the lakes shone like glass___________ and looked wonderful. 然而，湖水在落日的余晖下闪亮如镜，景色迷人。 2. The film_______________ is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。 3. At one point we were so high that we______________________. 在某个时刻，我们发现自己置身高处，仿佛骑车穿越云层。 4._____________________, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. 到了一座看上去很奇怪的房子里，他把我带到一个明亮而洁净的大房间。 5. ______________________ we could see that something was happening. 通过望远镜，我们可以看到发生了什么情况。 四、过去分词 过去分词与现在分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”；过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词都可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。可以充当表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1.As scheduled，we participated in several instructive activities. 按照日程安排，我们参加了几个有教育意义的活动。 2.The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. 在我们报纸上的“外国文化”这一节很受我们学生的欢迎。它有一些外国朋友写的关于他们本国文化的文章。 3.Compared to the traditional ones，they have three new unique functions. 与传统的相比，他们有三个新的独特功能。 4.I am really moved and inspired by her kindness. 我被她的善良感动和鼓舞着。 5.However，it was harder than expected. 然而，它比预料的难。 6. I noticed the entrance was small and almost blocked. 我注意到入口处很小而且几乎被堵塞了。 7.It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.它刊登了由外国朋友写的有关他们国家的文章。 8.Compared with the escaped driver，I am proud of what I did.与那些逃逸的司机相比，我为自己做的事感到自豪。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.________________，we are all filled with joy and cheer.听说你将成为我们的一名新成员，我们心里充满了兴奋和快乐。 2.Another suggestion is ________________.还有一项建议是练习说的能力。 3.Hopefully，these books will help the students ________________.让人满怀希望的是，这些书籍将有助于学生更好地了解和学习汉语。 4.________________ your temper in this way can avoid hurting others.用这种方式释放自己的情绪能避免伤害别人。 5.________________，we will go for an outing tomorrow.天气允许的话，我们明天去郊游。 6.我喜欢被表扬。 7. Classic works，_________________ ，present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language. 大师写的经典作品通过迷人的故事和语言展现出伟大的思想。 8. ____________________________，I’d like to give some suggestions. 得知我们的图书馆要买书，我想给一些建议。 9. __________________________, I begin to think about what to do to help. 因为对那件事感到相当抱歉，我开始考虑做点什么给予帮助。 10. With the beautiful moon up in the sky，we sit together and eat moon cakes and fruit, ________________.美丽的月亮挂在天空，我们坐在一起吃月饼和水果，分享我们的故事。 五、非谓语动词的常用句型 1. easy/difficult...to do... Some bad habits such as smoking and drinking aren't easy to get rid of.像吸烟、酗酒等一些坏习惯不容易改掉。 2. prefer to do...rather than do.../would rather do...than do.../would do...rather than do...宁愿做……，而不愿做…… Nowadays some teenagers prefer to chat with strangers online rather than talk with their parents face to face.如今，一些青少年宁愿在网上与陌生人闲谈也不愿与父母面对面谈话。 3.having done...已经…… Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.几乎把所有的钱都花完了，我们没有钱住宾馆了。 4．by doing sth...通过做…… Moreover, by doing the part­time job I can get some precious experience so that I can better adapt to the development and changes of society.而且，通过做兼职工作，我能获得一些宝贵的经验，以致于能更好地适应社会的发展和变化。 5．remain to be done有待于被…… Many questions have to be settled and much remains to be done in our educational work.我们的教育工作中还有许多问题要解决，还有许多事情要去做。 6．疑问词＋to do To all of you, fresh students, how to adapt yourself to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.对你们所有新同学来说，如何使自己适应新的环境是必须要面对的首要问题。 7．连词when/while/once/unless/although...＋doing/done When searching for some information, we can operate by touching the screen当查找一些信息时，我们可以通过触摸屏来操作。 8．be said/reported/considered...to do...据说/报道/认为…… A bus full of passengers was reported to have gone out of control on a highway south of the city.据报道，一辆满载乘客的公共汽车在市南的一条公路上失去了控制。 9．with＋宾语＋补足语 In the picture, a boy in worn clothes sits beside a wooden table with a pile of bamboo books on it在画中，一个穿着破旧衣服的男孩坐在木桌旁边，桌上有一堆书简。 10．only to do sth.(表示出乎意料的结果) What's worse, I found myself having a fever this morning and I went to the clinic for immediate treatment, only to be advised to stay in bed for three days.糟糕的是，今天早晨我发现自己发烧，立刻去诊所治疗，结果被建议卧床休息三天。 11．judging by/from...根据……判断 Judging from the expression on her face, she must have news of great excitement to tell us.从她脸上的神情看，她一定有非常令人兴奋的消息要告诉我们。 12．compared with/to...与……比较 There is clear evidence that children who take music lessons develop a better memory compared with children who have no musical training.有明显的证据表明，与那些没受过音乐训练的孩子相比，上音乐课的孩子有更好的记忆力。 13. 1.使役动词let/make/have/get/keep/leave...sb./sth.do/doing/done...使/让……做/正在做/被做…… Just let me know. 只要告诉我就好了。 13. 感官动词see/notice/watch/hear...sb./sth.do/doing/done...看到/注意到/观察到/听到……某人/某物做/正在做/被做…… Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？ 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. You ________________________________, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. 你可以英国的大部分人口聚居在南部，而许多大工业城市都位于中部和北部。 2. A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without hesitation. Luckily she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearest hospital. ____________________, I am proud of what I did.一男子立即冲向女孩给予她急救，我也毫不犹豫加入了。幸运的是，她没有受到严重的伤害，我们把她送到了最近的医院。与逃跑的司机相比，我为我所做的感到骄傲。 3.Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,_______________________.她焦急地从包裹里拿出裙子穿上，结果发现它不合身了。 4. Sometimes, something that ___________________ be negative turns out to be an advantage on the job. (consider)有时，负面因素却成为了制胜契机。 5.________________________________________, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving the public divided into two opposing groups: "For" and "Against."在媒体和日常生活中随着英语词汇越来越受欢迎，一本汉语词典中包含了239个英语单词，让公众分成了两个对立的群体：“支持”和“反对”。 六、非谓语动词转换简单句 写作时，我们可以利用非谓语动词对两个简单句进行转换，使其成为较高级的表达方式。转换时可采用“三步法”： 第一步：写出两个简单句。 第二步：找准两个简单句的对接点，让一个句子作为主干，另一个句子用非谓语动词进行改写。 第三步：判断应用何种非谓语动词，把握好时态和语态，最后连接起来。 [示例] 第一步：写出两个简单句。 ①In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”. ②It aims to introduce American customs and the life of high school students. 第二步：让句①作主句，用非谓语动词改写句②。 第三步：让句②作定语，由于其动词aim与主语it之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作定语。 In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”， aiming to introduce American customs and the life of high school students. 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. All the people here like the novel.It is written by Tom.(用过去分词作定语) _____________________________________. 2. The boy came to school late again.This made the teacher very angry.(用动名词作主语) _____________________________________. 3. The boys were making the most of time.They wanted to finish the work earlier. (用不定式作目的状语) _____________________________________. 4. It carries articles about the cultures of their home countries. They are written by foreign friends. _____________________________________. 5. The books was ordered over a week ago. The books are expected to arrive any time now. _____________________________________. 七、非谓语动词转换复合句 用非谓语动词转换复合句比转换简单句要容易一些，因为需要转换的一般是从句部分，这时只需要判断用何种非谓语动词，再把握好时态和语态即可，所以只需两步。 [示例] 第一步：写出复合句。 Since you have realized that your time is limited，you'll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation. 第二步：把since引导的原因状语从句转换为非谓语动词， realize与you之间为主谓关系，且表示完成，故用现在分词的完成式作状语。 Having realized that your time is limited, you'll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation. 其他几个转换的例子如下： 1. We can set out early so that we'll have more time to read and select books. →In order to have more time to read and select books, we can set out early. 2. If it is carried out continuously, it will benefit all of us greatly and we are sure to make obvious progress. →Carried out continuously, it will benefit all of us greatly and we are sure to make obvious progress. 3. Because I thought that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way. →Thinking that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way. 4. We were touched by the teacher’s words.We decided to work hard. →Touched by the teacher’s words，we decided to work hard. 5. I feel quite sorry for that.I begin to think about what to do to help. →Feeling quite sorry for that，I begin to think about what to do to help. 6.Because I was amazed at how skillful they were，I determined to be just as good. →Amazed at how skillful they were，I determined to be just as good. 【举一反三】根据提示完成句子。 1.When we are faced with difficulties，we need friends to give us comfort and help. ________________，we need friends to give us comfort and help. 2.When I saw a car running towards her，I reached my hand out and pulled her back. ________________，I reached my hand out and pulled her back. 3.After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months，we strongly desired to be the winner. ________________，we strongly desired to be the winner. 4．When we are faced with difficulties, we need friends to give us comfort and help. 5．When I saw a car running towards her, I reached my hand out and pulled her back. 6. After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner. 7. I feel quite sorry for that.I begin to think about what to do to help. 8. On the other hand, I will help set up the English corner.I will provide us students a platform to practice our oral English. 9. All the people here like the novel. It is written by Tom. 10. I went back home proudly that afternoon. I jumped with joy. 案答：1.Faced with difficulties 2.Seeing a car running towards her 3..Having practiced playing basketball for almost two months 4. Faced with difficulties, we need friends to give us comfort and help. 5. Seeing a car running towards her, I reached my hand out and pulled her back. 6. Having practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner. 7. Feeling quite sorry for that, I begin to think about what to do to help. 8. On the other hand, I will help set up the English corner, providing us students a platform to practice our oral English. 9. All the people here like the novel written by Tom. 10. I went back home proudly that afternoon, jumping with joy 【雕词琢句】 一、根据提示完成下列句子 1)Besides,we’ll spend some fun time together ___________________ (表演节目) such as ___________________ (唱歌和跳舞)in order to make them happy.(2015课标全国卷Ⅱ) 2)What’s worse,some drivers,cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital ___________________ (遵守交通规则). 3)有时候,放弃一点会意味着获得更多。 ___________________ . 4)购买或下载一些听力材料将是一个好主意。 ___________________ . 5)在热烈讨论后,我们同意制作视频记录我们在学校的经历。 ___________________ . 6)Many questions have to be settled and much remains ___________________ (被做) in our educational work. 7)My dream is ___________________ (成为一名设计师)in 10 years. 8)The news was ___________________ (如此鼓舞人心)that we all felt very excited after hearing it. 9)另外,沿河的风景令人惊叹。 ___________________ . 10)因为知道你喜欢打乒乓球,所以我想知道你是否想加入。 ___________________ . 11)随着大学入学考试的临近,我忙着为它做准备。（用with复合结构） ___________________ . 二、用恰当的非谓语动词完成下面的句子 1)It carries articles which were written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. →It carries articles ___________________ about the cultures of their home countries. 2)To be honest,I don’t know the boy who is giving the speech. →To be honest,I don’t know the boy ___________________ . 3）Just then,the teacher found that the boy was cheating in the exam. →Just then,the teacher found the boy ___________________ in the exam. 4）It’s said that an interesting film will be put on in the lecture hall. →An interesting film is said ___________________ in the lecture hall. 5)I’m writing you the letter and hope you can give me some help. →I’m writing you the letter, ___________________ . 6)I feel proud when I know your interest in Chinese history. →___________________ , I feel proud. 7)I am an outgoing girl,and I get along well with my classmates. →___________________ ,I get along well with my classmates. 8)When practical ones are compared with many abstract ones, they can bring us more courage and confidence whenever we make one step forward. →___________________ , practical ones can bring us more courage and confidence whenever we make one step forward. 9)The boy is so young that he can’t go to school. →The boy is too young ___________________ . 10)The boy worked hard and passed the exam,which made his parents very happy. →___________________ ,the boy passed the exam, ___________________ very happy. 用非谓语动词翻译句子 11)Our school is surrounded by trees and it is very beautiful. →___________________ ,it is very beautiful. 12)The dough figurine was finished and I was extremely excited. →___________________ ,I was extremely excited. 13)Because there was nothing to do,we set out to play computer games. →___________________ ,we set out to play computer games. 14)Beause everything is considered,our new plan is more practical. →___________________ ,our new plan is more practical. 【利用非谓语动词，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵（建议信）】 Dear Shirley， Glad to receive your email. The problem you mentioned is common among middle school students. Don't worry about it too much.1. ______________________________ (遵循以下建议) I give you，and you may 2. _____________________________ (使你的问题得到解决)． First of all，believe in yourself. The first thing you must do is 3. ____________________________ (对你的同学微笑)．A smile speaks louder about your wish 4. __________________ (交朋友) than any words. Your smile will show that you are friendly to them. Next 5. _______________________ (试着和学生交谈) who is as shy as you or who shares the same interest as you. You can discuss your studies with a classmate，or you can also talk about your hobbies. If anyone is in trouble in life or study，you should be ready to help him or her. 6. ______________________________________ (在恢复你的自信后)，you can make as many friends as possible. Yours， Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 言简意赅的非谓语动词 众所周知，作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散；而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。恰当地运用非谓语动词对简单句和复合句进行转换，不仅句型多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑，言简意明。 一、不定式 动词不定式是构成长句的一个重要因素。不定式由自己的宾语、状语和补足语，组成不定式短语。在分析句子时要把不定式短语看作一个整体。不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1、不定式作主语 1)It is everybody’s duty to observe them to keep our society in order. 遵守它们(交通规则)以保持社会秩序是每个人的责任。 2) It takes four to six weeks to finish the report. 要完成这个报告会花费我四到六周的时间。 3)It is a great honour for me to tell you some information relevant to the local life.能告诉你关于当地生活的一些相关信息是我的荣幸。 4)We can see that it’s not uncommon for one language to borrow words from other languages. 我们可以看到一种语言借用其他语言的词汇的现象很普遍。 5)It’s not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts. 对他们来说，在汉语语境中理解这些词汇并不难。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. ________________ requires a lot of practice. Therefore, I like my English classes to be taught completely in English .学好英语需要大量的实践。因此，我喜欢英语课完全用英语授课。 2.________________ was hard work but as we looked around us, we were surprised by the view. 上山很难，但是当我环顾四周）眼前的）景色让我们感到惊奇。 答案：1. To learn English well 2. To climb the mountains 2、不定式作宾语 1) I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin. 我从你的海报上得知你想提高普通话。 2)I tend to take the “Against” side for two reasons. 我倾向于支持反对方，原因有两个。 3) People need to learn to accept the reality and keep on trying. 人们需要学会接受事实，继续努力。 4) I will regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and healthy. 我会把它当作我的职责，以帮助保持我们的环境清洁和健康。 5) She promised to help him and give him three golden apples. 她答应帮助他并且给他三个金苹果。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.______________________________________? 他应该怎样向他的同学询问该做什么？ 2. In a trial, a judge must decide _____________________________. 在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不可以相信。 答案：1. What should he say to his classmate to find out what to do? 2. which eyewitness to believe and which not to believe 3、不定式作表语 1) The important thing is to learn to control your temper. 重要的是学会控制你的情绪。 2) The first thing I plan to do is to do a part-time job in a fast-food restaurant. 我计划做的第一件事是在快餐店做兼职。 3) Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality. 不管怎样，我的目标时给人们提供高质量的生活。 4) His most exciting invitation was to perform on a TV programme called “Top of the Pops.” 最令他感动的经历时受邀请参加叫做“顶级流行歌手”的电视节目。 5) His first tasks was to write his story, but he had to do it carefully. 他的第一件事就是写报道稿，他必须认认真真地写。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.__________________________. 眼见为实。 2. What he is considering is ____________________________.他在考虑的是搞到足够的钱买辆车。 答案：1. To see is to believe 2. to get enough money to buy a car 4、不定式作定语 1) Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials. 我们班提出了更好地利用旧材料的想法。 2) Could we make another appointment to go to the bookstore together? 我们能另约个时间一起去书店吗？ 3) Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures. 成功在于百折不挠。 4) You have the evidence to support your story. 你就有证据来支撑自己的报道了。 5) There are always so many new people to meet and interesting things to see. 你总会遇到许多新的人，看到有趣的事。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. He is always the first_____________________________. 他总是课堂上第一个回答问题。 2. We have not enough time __________________. 我们没有足够的时间做这项工作。 答案：1. to answer questions in class 2. to do the job 5、不定式作状语 1)In order to earn some extra money and reduce my family’s burden，I’d like to go to a foreign capital company to find a part-time job. 为了挣些外快减少家庭负担，我想去外资企业找一份兼职工作。 2) We should make full use of time to study. 我们应该充分利用时间来学习。 3) We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future. 我们应该努力通过学习提高自我，为未来做好准备。 4) A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without hesitation. 一个人迅速跑过去给那个女孩急救，我毫不犹豫地参与了。 5)To make our life easier and the environment more beautiful，I have designed a pair of magic shoes. 为了使我们的生活更轻松环境更美好，我设计了一双有魔力的鞋。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. What did Mandela do_______________? 为帮助黑人，曼德拉做了什么？ 2. Anyhow their performances were humorous enough ____________________. 不管怎么样，他们的幽默表演风格被其它乐队争相模仿。 答案：1. to help black people 2. to be copied by other groups 6、不定式作补足语 1) She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them. 她耐心地向学生解释所有的规则，而且要求他们每个人要遵守。 2)I’d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival. 我想邀请你在下周六和我们一起去附近的敬老院过重阳节。 3)In my opinion，those who have received her donation will be encouraged to study even harder and try their best to achieve success. 在我看来，那些收到她的捐赠的人会受到鼓励，会更努力地学习，尽他们的最大努力获得成功。 4) Every one of you is expected to be part of the event. 希望每个人都是这个活动中的一部分。 5) We were asked to make a sentence with it. 我们被要求用它造一个句子。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. He then covered the vegetables with banana leaves and left them ________. 然后他用香蕉叶子把这些蔬菜盖上，等它们蒸熟。 2. This book is believed ___________. 这本书被认为非常有用。 答案：1. to steam 2. to be very useful 7、疑问词＋不定式 1)Last Tuesday，our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make dough figurines. 上周二，我们班邀请了一位老工匠来教我们怎样做面人。 2) It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school. 非常荣幸在这里与你们分享我的关于高中学习内容的观点。 8、形容词＋不定式 1)Dear guests，you are welcome to take part in some activities.亲爱的来宾，欢迎大家参加一些活动。 2)I’m very delighted to learn that you’re coming to our class to study with us as an exchange student next term. 我很高兴得知下学期你要作为一名交换生来我们班和我们一起学习。 3)I am good at communicating and always ready to help others.我擅长交际，乐于助人。 4)At this very moment，my parents came back and were quite surprised to see all the rooms tidy and floors shining. 就在这时，我的父母回来了，看到所有房间整洁、地面光亮感到非常惊讶。 5)However，without their hard work，it is difficult to imagine what our environment would be like. 然而，如果没有他们的辛勤劳动，很难想象我们的环境会是什么样的。 9、不定式的主动形式表达被动含义 1) The bike seemed too heavy and difficult to control. 自行车似乎很沉，难以控制。 2)Once，I was faced with great difficulty in learning English，especially in vocabulary and grammar，which，from my point of view，is unlikely to overcome. 我曾经在学英语方面面临很大困难，尤其是词汇和语法，这在我看来是不可能克服的。 3)In some experts’ opinion，living conditions on the Mars are very hard to tolerate. 在一些专家看来，火星上的生活条件艰苦得难以忍受。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.我们可能有不同的方法来处理这样一个情况。 _____________________________________. 2.我认为这对我来说是一个进一步提高我能力的绝佳机会。 _____________________________________. 3.现在我有一个好消息要告诉你。 _____________________________________. 4.此外，我们应该学会怎样与别人相处得融洽。 _____________________________________. 5.他们的确有助于强健我的身体、丰富我的校园生活。 _____________________________________. 6.首先，我们应该学会高效学习。 _____________________________________. 7.现在我们在那里停放自行车容易了。 _____________________________________. 8.就我个人来说，为了实现我的学习目标，我过去常常尝试多种有效的方法。 _____________________________________. 9.我抱歉地说，我不能和你一起在星期五下午去书店了。 _____________________________________. 10.我们应当通过学习尽力提升自己，为未来做好准备。 _____________________________________. 答案：1. We may have various ways to deal with such a situation. 2.I think it’s a perfect opportunity for me to further develop my abilities. 3. Now I have a piece of good news to tell you. 4. In addition，we should learn how to get along well with others. 5. They were really helpful to build up my body and enrich my school life. 6. Firstly，we should learn to learn efficiently. 7. Now it is easy for us to park our bikes there. 8. Personally，I used to try effective methods to achieve my academic goals. 9. I’m sorry to say that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. 10. We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future. 二、动名词 动名词是由动词的-ing形式构成，兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词。它可以带有自己的宾语，也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化，可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。 1. Such rude riding contributes to the disorder of traffic. 这样野蛮的骑车方式导致了交通混乱。 2. Some students are addicted to playing computer games and some often cheat in the exams. 一些学生迷恋玩网络游戏，还有一些经常在考试中作弊。 3.Doing the same sports on the playground gives us the opportunity to promote our friendship.在操场上做同样的运动给了我们机会促进我们的友谊。 4.Questioning can lead to searching for an answer.质疑能够寻求到答案。 5.As for cheating in the exams，I will tell them the importance of honesty. 至于考试作弊，我会告诉他们诚实的重要性。 6.As an old saying goes，living without a clear and achievable aim is like sailing without a compass. 俗话说得好，生活没有明确的目标就好像航海没有指南针。 7. Hope to meet you at the training camp this summer. 希望在今年夏天的训练营见到你。 8.As a student，I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates. 作为一个学生，我可以告诉你，没有什么比在同学们面前受到老师表扬更好的事情了。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. _________________ about such matters. 对这样的事情没有玩笑可言。 2.______________________. 覆水难收。 3. Her first delight __________________________. 她最先想参观的地方时伦敦塔。 4. You want to sell your “green food”, but the problem is _______________________. 你想出售你的“绿色食品”，但问题是要让他们了解你的食品和它的好处。 答案：1. There’s no joking 2. It is no good crying over spilt milk 3. was going to the Tower 4. letting people know about your food and how good it is 三、现在分词 现在分词的一般式：doing；一般被动式：being done；完成式：having done；完成被动式：having been done。 所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not ，包括独立主格形式。现在分词既具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语；又具有形容词和副词的特征，可以充当表语，定语，状语，补足语，表示主动或正在进行的动作。 1.While visiting the art exhibition，we discussed the great artists’works. 参观艺术展时，我们讨论了伟大的艺术家们的作品。 2.A week before Earth Day，posters were put up around our school，calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth. 地球日的前一周，学校里张贴了海报，号召我们参加绿化地球的行动。 3. I feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese history. 得知你对中国历史感兴趣，我感到很自豪。 4.Some riders of e-bikes and bicycles come and go in all directions，ignoring traffic lights and other vehicles. 一些骑电动车和自行车的人朝四面八方往来穿梭，忽视交通灯和其他车辆。 5.With English words getting popular in both media and daily life，a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them，leaving the public divided into two opposing groups：“For” and “Against”． 随着英语单词在媒体和日常生活中越来越流行，一本汉语词典收录了239个英语单词，这使公众分成了相反的两派：“赞成”和“反对”。 6.In the coming three years，our school life will be challenging. 在未来三年中，我们的学校生活将会是充满挑战的。 7.Hearing this，the whole class burst into laughter and my deskmate’s face turned red. 听到这个，全班同学大笑起来，我同桌的脸变红了。 8.These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing serious harm to life and the environment. 目前，违反交通规则，乱扔垃圾的事情屡见不鲜，对生活和环境造成了严重破坏。 9.A week before Earth Day，posters were put up around our school，calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.一周前的世界地球日我们的学校张贴了海报，呼吁我们参加一个绿色的地球的行动。 10.In the picture，we can see a boy in worn clothes，sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it.在这幅画中，我们可以看到一个穿着破旧衣服的男孩，坐在一张放着一摞书的旧木桌旁。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. However, the lakes shone like glass___________ and looked wonderful. 然而，湖水在落日的余晖下闪亮如镜，景色迷人。 2. The film_______________ is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。 3. At one point we were so high that we______________________. 在某个时刻，我们发现自己置身高处，仿佛骑车穿越云层。 4._____________________, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. 到了一座看上去很奇怪的房子里，他把我带到一个明亮而洁净的大房间。 5. ______________________ we could see that something was happening. 通过望远镜，我们可以看到发生了什么情况。 答案：1. in the setting sun 2. being shown in the cinema .3. found ourselves cycling through clouds 4. Arriving at a strange-looking house 5. Using a telescope 四、过去分词 过去分词与现在分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”；过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词都可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。可以充当表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1.As scheduled，we participated in several instructive activities. 按照日程安排，我们参加了几个有教育意义的活动。 2.The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. 在我们报纸上的“外国文化”这一节很受我们学生的欢迎。它有一些外国朋友写的关于他们本国文化的文章。 3.Compared to the traditional ones，they have three new unique functions. 与传统的相比，他们有三个新的独特功能。 4.I am really moved and inspired by her kindness. 我被她的善良感动和鼓舞着。 5.However，it was harder than expected. 然而，它比预料的难。 6. I noticed the entrance was small and almost blocked. 我注意到入口处很小而且几乎被堵塞了。 7.It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.它刊登了由外国朋友写的有关他们国家的文章。 8.Compared with the escaped driver，I am proud of what I did.与那些逃逸的司机相比，我为自己做的事感到自豪。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.________________，we are all filled with joy and cheer.听说你将成为我们的一名新成员，我们心里充满了兴奋和快乐。 2.Another suggestion is ________________.还有一项建议是练习说的能力。 3.Hopefully，these books will help the students ________________.让人满怀希望的是，这些书籍将有助于学生更好地了解和学习汉语。 4.________________ your temper in this way can avoid hurting others.用这种方式释放自己的情绪能避免伤害别人。 5.________________，we will go for an outing tomorrow.天气允许的话，我们明天去郊游。 6.我喜欢被表扬。 7. Classic works，_________________ ，present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language. 大师写的经典作品通过迷人的故事和语言展现出伟大的思想。 8. ____________________________，I’d like to give some suggestions. 得知我们的图书馆要买书，我想给一些建议。 9. __________________________, I begin to think about what to do to help. 因为对那件事感到相当抱歉，我开始考虑做点什么给予帮助。 10. With the beautiful moon up in the sky，we sit together and eat moon cakes and fruit, ________________.美丽的月亮挂在天空，我们坐在一起吃月饼和水果，分享我们的故事。 答案：1. Hearing you’ll be a new member of us 2.to practice speaking 3. (to) know and learn Chinese better 4.Letting out 5.Weather permitting 6. I like being praised. 7. written by masters 8. Knowing that our library is going to buy books 9. Feeling quite sorry for that 10. sharing our stories 五、非谓语动词的常用句型 1. easy/difficult...to do... Some bad habits such as smoking and drinking aren't easy to get rid of.像吸烟、酗酒等一些坏习惯不容易改掉。 2. prefer to do...rather than do.../would rather do...than do.../would do...rather than do...宁愿做……，而不愿做…… Nowadays some teenagers prefer to chat with strangers online rather than talk with their parents face to face.如今，一些青少年宁愿在网上与陌生人闲谈也不愿与父母面对面谈话。 3.having done...已经…… Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.几乎把所有的钱都花完了，我们没有钱住宾馆了。 4．by doing sth...通过做…… Moreover, by doing the part­time job I can get some precious experience so that I can better adapt to the development and changes of society.而且，通过做兼职工作，我能获得一些宝贵的经验，以致于能更好地适应社会的发展和变化。 5．remain to be done有待于被…… Many questions have to be settled and much remains to be done in our educational work.我们的教育工作中还有许多问题要解决，还有许多事情要去做。 6．疑问词＋to do To all of you, fresh students, how to adapt yourself to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.对你们所有新同学来说，如何使自己适应新的环境是必须要面对的首要问题。 7．连词when/while/once/unless/although...＋doing/done When searching for some information, we can operate by touching the screen当查找一些信息时，我们可以通过触摸屏来操作。 8．be said/reported/considered...to do...据说/报道/认为…… A bus full of passengers was reported to have gone out of control on a highway south of the city.据报道，一辆满载乘客的公共汽车在市南的一条公路上失去了控制。 9．with＋宾语＋补足语 In the picture, a boy in worn clothes sits beside a wooden table with a pile of bamboo books on it在画中，一个穿着破旧衣服的男孩坐在木桌旁边，桌上有一堆书简。 10．only to do sth.(表示出乎意料的结果) What's worse, I found myself having a fever this morning and I went to the clinic for immediate treatment, only to be advised to stay in bed for three days.糟糕的是，今天早晨我发现自己发烧，立刻去诊所治疗，结果被建议卧床休息三天。 11．judging by/from...根据……判断 Judging from the expression on her face, she must have news of great excitement to tell us.从她脸上的神情看，她一定有非常令人兴奋的消息要告诉我们。 12．compared with/to...与……比较 There is clear evidence that children who take music lessons develop a better memory compared with children who have no musical training.有明显的证据表明，与那些没受过音乐训练的孩子相比，上音乐课的孩子有更好的记忆力。 13. 1.使役动词let/make/have/get/keep/leave...sb./sth.do/doing/done...使/让……做/正在做/被做…… Just let me know. 只要告诉我就好了。 13. 感官动词see/notice/watch/hear...sb./sth.do/doing/done...看到/注意到/观察到/听到……某人/某物做/正在做/被做…… Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？ 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. You ________________________________, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. 你可以英国的大部分人口聚居在南部，而许多大工业城市都位于中部和北部。 2. A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without hesitation. Luckily she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearest hospital. ____________________, I am proud of what I did.一男子立即冲向女孩给予她急救，我也毫不犹豫加入了。幸运的是，她没有受到严重的伤害，我们把她送到了最近的医院。与逃跑的司机相比，我为我所做的感到骄傲。 3.Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,_______________________.她焦急地从包裹里拿出裙子穿上，结果发现它不合身了。 4. Sometimes, something that ___________________ be negative turns out to be an advantage on the job. (consider)有时，负面因素却成为了制胜契机。 5.________________________________________, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving the public divided into two opposing groups: "For" and "Against."在媒体和日常生活中随着英语词汇越来越受欢迎，一本汉语词典中包含了239个英语单词，让公众分成了两个对立的群体：“支持”和“反对”。 答案：1. find most of the population settled in the south 2. Compared with the escaped driver 3. only to find it didn’t fit 4. is considered to 5. With English words getting popular in both media and daily life 六、非谓语动词转换简单句 写作时，我们可以利用非谓语动词对两个简单句进行转换，使其成为较高级的表达方式。转换时可采用“三步法”： 第一步：写出两个简单句。 第二步：找准两个简单句的对接点，让一个句子作为主干，另一个句子用非谓语动词进行改写。 第三步：判断应用何种非谓语动词，把握好时态和语态，最后连接起来。 [示例] 第一步：写出两个简单句。 ①In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”. ②It aims to introduce American customs and the life of high school students. 第二步：让句①作主句，用非谓语动词改写句②。 第三步：让句②作定语，由于其动词aim与主语it之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作定语。 In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”， aiming to introduce American customs and the life of high school students. 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. All the people here like the novel.It is written by Tom.(用过去分词作定语) _____________________________________. 2. The boy came to school late again.This made the teacher very angry.(用动名词作主语) _____________________________________. 3. The boys were making the most of time.They wanted to finish the work earlier. (用不定式作目的状语) _____________________________________. 4. It carries articles about the cultures of their home countries. They are written by foreign friends. _____________________________________. 5. The books was ordered over a week ago. The books are expected to arrive any time now. _____________________________________. 答案：1. All the people here like the novel written by Tom. 2. The boy’s coming to school late again made the teacher very angry. 3. The boys were making the most of time so as to finish the work earlier. 4. It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries 5.The books ordered over a week ago are expected to arrive any time now 七、非谓语动词转换复合句 用非谓语动词转换复合句比转换简单句要容易一些，因为需要转换的一般是从句部分，这时只需要判断用何种非谓语动词，再把握好时态和语态即可，所以只需两步。 [示例] 第一步：写出复合句。 Since you have realized that your time is limited，you'll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation. 第二步：把since引导的原因状语从句转换为非谓语动词， realize与you之间为主谓关系，且表示完成，故用现在分词的完成式作状语。 Having realized that your time is limited, you'll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation. 其他几个转换的例子如下： 1. We can set out early so that we'll have more time to read and select books. →In order to have more time to read and select books, we can set out early. 2. If it is carried out continuously, it will benefit all of us greatly and we are sure to make obvious progress. →Carried out continuously, it will benefit all of us greatly and we are sure to make obvious progress. 3. Because I thought that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way. →Thinking that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way. 4. We were touched by the teacher’s words.We decided to work hard. →Touched by the teacher’s words，we decided to work hard. 5. I feel quite sorry for that.I begin to think about what to do to help. →Feeling quite sorry for that，I begin to think about what to do to help. 6.Because I was amazed at how skillful they were，I determined to be just as good. →Amazed at how skillful they were，I determined to be just as good. 【举一反三】根据提示完成句子。 1.When we are faced with difficulties，we need friends to give us comfort and help. ________________，we need friends to give us comfort and help. 2.When I saw a car running towards her，I reached my hand out and pulled her back. ________________，I reached my hand out and pulled her back. 3.After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months，we strongly desired to be the winner. ________________，we strongly desired to be the winner. 4．When we are faced with difficulties, we need friends to give us comfort and help. 5．When I saw a car running towards her, I reached my hand out and pulled her back. 6. After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner. 7. I feel quite sorry for that.I begin to think about what to do to help. 8. On the other hand, I will help set up the English corner.I will provide us students a platform to practice our oral English. 9. All the people here like the novel. It is written by Tom. 10. I went back home proudly that afternoon. I jumped with joy. 案答：1.Faced with difficulties 2.Seeing a car running towards her 3..Having practiced playing basketball for almost two months 4. Faced with difficulties, we need friends to give us comfort and help. 5. Seeing a car running towards her, I reached my hand out and pulled her back. 6. Having practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner. 7. Feeling quite sorry for that, I begin to think about what to do to help. 8. On the other hand, I will help set up the English corner, providing us students a platform to practice our oral English. 9. All the people here like the novel written by Tom. 10. I went back home proudly that afternoon, jumping with joy 【雕词琢句】 一、根据提示完成下列句子 1)Besides,we’ll spend some fun time together ___________________ (表演节目) such as ___________________ (唱歌和跳舞)in order to make them happy.(2015课标全国卷Ⅱ) 2)What’s worse,some drivers,cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital ___________________ (遵守交通规则). 3)有时候,放弃一点会意味着获得更多。 ___________________ . 4)购买或下载一些听力材料将是一个好主意。 ___________________ . 5)在热烈讨论后,我们同意制作视频记录我们在学校的经历。 ___________________ . 6)Many questions have to be settled and much remains ___________________ (被做) in our educational work. 7)My dream is ___________________ (成为一名设计师)in 10 years. 8)The news was ___________________ (如此鼓舞人心)that we all felt very excited after hearing it. 9)另外,沿河的风景令人惊叹。 ___________________ . 10)因为知道你喜欢打乒乓球,所以我想知道你是否想加入。 ___________________ . 11)随着大学入学考试的临近,我忙着为它做准备。（用with复合结构） ___________________ . 二、用恰当的非谓语动词完成下面的句子 1)It carries articles which were written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. →It carries articles ___________________ about the cultures of their home countries. 2)To be honest,I don’t know the boy who is giving the speech. →To be honest,I don’t know the boy ___________________ . 3）Just then,the teacher found that the boy was cheating in the exam. →Just then,the teacher found the boy ___________________ in the exam. 4）It’s said that an interesting film will be put on in the lecture hall. →An interesting film is said ___________________ in the lecture hall. 5)I’m writing you the letter and hope you can give me some help. →I’m writing you the letter, ___________________ . 6)I feel proud when I know your interest in Chinese history. →___________________ , I feel proud. 7)I am an outgoing girl,and I get along well with my classmates. →___________________ ,I get along well with my classmates. 8)When practical ones are compared with many abstract ones, they can bring us more courage and confidence whenever we make one step forward. →___________________ , practical ones can bring us more courage and confidence whenever we make one step forward. 9)The boy is so young that he can’t go to school. →The boy is too young ___________________ . 10)The boy worked hard and passed the exam,which made his parents very happy. →___________________ ,the boy passed the exam, ___________________ very happy. 用非谓语动词翻译句子 11)Our school is surrounded by trees and it is very beautiful. →___________________ ,it is very beautiful. 12)The dough figurine was finished and I was extremely excited. →___________________ ,I was extremely excited. 13)Because there was nothing to do,we set out to play computer games. →___________________ ,we set out to play computer games. 14)Beause everything is considered,our new plan is more practical. →___________________ ,our new plan is more practical. 答案：一、1) putting on performances ； singing and dancing 2) to obey traffic rules 3)Sometimes giving up a little can mean getting more. 4) It will be a good idea to buy or download some listening materials. 5) After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school. 6) to be done7) to become a designer 8) so inspiring 9) Moreover, the scenery along the river is amazing. 10) Knowing you are keen on playing table tennis, I wonder if you’d like to join.11) With the college entrance examination approaching/drawing near, I am busy preparing for it.二、1) written by foreign friends 2) giving the speech.3）cheating 4）to be put on 5) hoping you can give me some help.6) Knowing your interest in Chinese history 7) Being an outgoing girl 8) Compared with many abstract objectives9) to go to school.10) Working hard； making his parents 11) With trees surrounding our school 12) With the dough figurine finished 13)With nothing to do 14) With everything considered 【利用非谓语动词，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵（建议信）】 Dear Shirley， Glad to receive your email. The problem you mentioned is common among middle school students. Don't worry about it too much.1. ______________________________ (遵循以下建议) I give you，and you may 2. _____________________________ (使你的问题得到解决)． First of all，believe in yourself. The first thing you must do is 3. ____________________________ (对你的同学微笑)．A smile speaks louder about your wish 4. __________________ (交朋友) than any words. Your smile will show that you are friendly to them. Next 5. _______________________ (试着和学生交谈) who is as shy as you or who shares the same interest as you. You can discuss your studies with a classmate，or you can also talk about your hobbies. If anyone is in trouble in life or study，you should be ready to help him or her. 6. ______________________________________ (在恢复你的自信后)，you can make as many friends as possible. Yours， Li Hua 答案：1. Follow the following advice 2. get/have your problem settled 3. to smile at your classmates 4. to make friends 5. try talking with a student 6. Having regained your confidence 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 吸人眼球的定语从句 根据所掌握的定语从句的知识，熟练地使用定语从句也是高考英语写作的一项基本要求。定语从句在句中作定语修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词叫做先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(who，whom，that，which，as，whose )或关系副词(where，when，why)引导。在英语写作中使用复杂的句式是提高表达档次、增加语言亮点的主要 途径之一，而定语从句就是复杂结构中的重要一项。因此，在写作中巧 妙地运用定语从句可为我们的文章“增光添彩”。 一、定语从句的类型 一）限制性定语从句 1. Any student who is interested is welcome to participate. 欢迎任何感兴趣的同学参加。 2.In addition，I am an outgoing girl who has rich experience in organizing school activities. 此外，我是一个在组织学校活动方面有丰富经验的外向的女孩。 3. Talk to someone you trust about how you feel. 和你信任的人谈谈你的感受。 4. I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon. 我可以清楚地记得事故发生在一个下雨的星期天下午。 5.However，some of the texts have too many new words and expressions which are hard for us. 然而，有些课文有太多的生词和短语，这对我们来说是困难的。 6. In the English corner, I meet many friends, who share the same interest with me. 在英语角，我遇到很多朋友，他们和我有共同的兴趣。 二）非限制性定语从句 1.I’m writing to express my regret at being unable to go to the bookstore with you next weekend，which I have promised. 我写信表达我对下周末不能和你一起去书店的遗憾，我本来答应要去的。 2.If they often cheat in the exams，they will form a bad habit，which will have a bad effect on their life. 如果他们经常考试作弊，就会养成坏习惯，这会对他们的人生产生坏影响。 3.We’ll also spend some fun time together singing，dancing and playing games，which we hope will make them happy. 我们将一起唱歌、跳舞、玩游戏，度过一段有趣的时光，我们希望这样会让他们开心。 4.But the best gift I have received is a watch，which my dad gave me on my last birthday. 但是我所收到过的最好的礼物是一块手表，它是爸爸去年在我过生日时送给我的。 5.Our class is made up of 52 students，all of whom are friendly and hard-working. 我们班由52位同学组成，所有人都待人友好，学习刻苦。 6.I will go on a trip to Sichuan，where there are a great number of places of interest. 我要去四川旅行，那里有很多名胜古迹。 7.I have been class monitor since I came to our college，which brought me a strong ability of organization. 上大学以来我一直是班长，这使我有很强的组织能力。 8.As we all know，books are the source of knowledge. 众所周知，书是知识的源泉。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.最后，我想问一些关于他的私人生活的问题，这一定非常有趣。 _________________________________________. 2.我的老师可能会认为我很优秀，能做好功课，这会使我更有信心。 _________________________________________. 3.我爱好广泛，包括画画、收藏邮票等。 _________________________________________. 4.现在我把我在英语上的所有进步都归功于Mrs. Jones，她的鼓励使我取得了我今天所拥有的成绩。 _________________________________________. 5.众所周知，污染对人类的危害很大。 _________________________________________. 6. 首先,我们绝不会忘记和你们一起学习与生活的幸福情景,这会使我们在以后的生活中受益匪浅。 _________________________________________. 答案：1.Finally，I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life，which must be very interesting. 2. My teacher may think I am excellent and I can do well in my study，which can make me more confident. 3. My hobby is widespread，which includes drawing，collecting stamps and so on. 4. Now I owe all my progress in English to Mrs. Jones，whose encouragement has made me achieve what I have now. 5. As we all know，pollution does great harm to human beings. 6. Firstly, we will never forget those happy scenes of studying and living together with you, which will benefit us a lot in the future. 二、定语从句的引导词 一）关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。 1. I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon.我记忆犹新的是发生在一个雨天的周日下午的一次事故。 2. Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting.最后，我想问他几个私人生活的问题，这些肯定非常有趣。 3. Only those who spare no effort to confront problems can achieve what they long for.只有那些面对困难不遗余力的人才能取得他们渴望的成就。 4. As an old saying goes, living without a clear and achievable aim is like sailing without a compass.正如古老的谚语所说，生活没有清晰可达成的目标，犹如航海没有指南针。 二）关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句是指when, where, why引导的定语从句。 1.During holiday seasons, I will live in the countryside, where air is fresh and people are friendly.在假期，我会住在乡下，那里空气新鲜而且人们友好。 2. I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure of study. 我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。 三）“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句 1. Speaking and listening are very important for a language learning, by which you are sure to make great progress.听和说对于一门语言的学习非常重要，通过它们你一定会取得很大进步。 2.I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved.我买了很多书，这些书花了我所有的积蓄。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.事实上，我来这儿拜访我叔叔，目前他碰巧在你们城市工作。 _________________________________________. 2．在几次我班的英语活动中我已帮助她，这受到老师和同学的欣赏。 _________________________________________. 3.接下来你要为乐队取一个名字，一个与众不同的名字。 _________________________________________. 4.下个月我们市将开放一个新公园，以纪念在那次可怕的灾难中死去的人们。 _________________________________________. 5.任何人如果与感染HIV/AIDS的人有性行为，都有感染这种病毒的危险。 _________________________________________. 6.我仅仅在那儿读了两年书的学校有三公里远。 _________________________________________. 7.人们写诗有各种各样的理由。 _________________________________________. 答案：1. As a matter of fact, I am here visiting my uncle. He happens to be working in your city at present./As a matter of fact, I am here visiting my uncle, who happens to be working in your city at present 2.I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class. It has been appreciated by both teachers and my classmates. / I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class, which have been appreciated by both teachers and my classmates. 3. Next you will need to come up with a name for your band something that is different. 4. Next month the city will open a new park to honour those who died in the terrible disaster. 5. Anyone who has sex with a person infected with HIV/AIDS risks getting the virus. 6. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. 7. There are many reasons why people write poems. 三、定语从句的常用句型 1. As we all know.../As is known to all...众所周知…… As we all know, children and elderly people both need warmth and care.众所周知，小孩和老年人都需要温暖和关心。 2. As sb. puts it...按照某人所说的…… As he often puts it, university education determines one's future.按照他常说的，大学教育决定一个人的命运。 3.such...as...像……这样的；诸如此类的…… Believe it or not, there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.信不信由你，世界上没有免费午餐之类的事情。 4. As the old saying goes …常言道…… As the old saying goes, practice makes perfect.常言道，熟能生巧。 5. the same...as.../the same as...像……一样的 Her manner and attitudes towards him were quite the same as they had always been.她对他的方式和态度与以前完全一样。 6.one of the＋复数名词＋定语从句……中的一个 As far as I know, your sister is one of the students who have passed the exam.据我所知，你妹妹是通过考试的学生之一。 7.the only one of the＋复数名词＋定语从句……中唯一的一个 Mr. Green was the only one of the workers that was invited to Beijing.格林先生是这些工人中唯一被邀请去北京的。 8. 关系代词as用于定语从句时，常出现在固定句型as ... as (和一样大/高/深……), the same ...as (和……一样/同类), such ... as (诸如……),as is often the case (这是常有的事); as we expected (不出所料); as often happens (正如经常发生的那样); as is known to all (众所周知); as has been said before (如上所述); as is mentioned above (正如上面所提到的)。中。 Li Ming is late, as is often the case. 李明迟到了，这是常有的事。 As is known to all, Diaoyu Islands belong to China. 众所周知，钓鱼岛属于中国。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.For another, _____________________________，“The rose's in her hand; the flavor in mine.” 另外，正如古老的谚语所说，“赠人玫瑰，手有余香”。 2.Much to my delight, Michael sang high praise for my great achievements before my classmates, _________________________________________________.使我非常高兴的是，Michael在我同学面前高度评价了我的好成绩，这使我感到自豪。 3. ____________________________, the picture tells a story of ancient China.我们大家都知道，这幅画讲述的是古代中国的一个故事。 4.____________________________, our band was formed in a very unusual way. 你知道，我们乐队的组建方式非同寻常。 5.____________________________, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. 因此，你可以想象到，如果你的皮肤烧伤了，就可能非常严重。 答案：1. as the old saying goes 2. which made me very proud 3. As we all know 4. As you know 5. So as you can imagine 四、定语从句写作时需避免的几种情况 1．误用关系词 误：I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. 正：I live in Beijing, which is the capital of China. 误：I have a friend, who's name is Liu Mei. 正： I have a friend, whose name is Liu Mei. 2．句子成分残缺 误：There were many students took part in the English competition. 正：There were many students who took part in the English competition. 误：Those who in favor of the proposal, please raise your hands. 正：Those who are in favor of the proposal, please raise your hands. 3．有多余的代词或副词 误：The film I saw it last night was really very good. 正：The film I saw last night was really very good. 误：Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up there in my childhood. 正：Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up in my childhood. 4．混淆定语从句与并列句 误：In fact, smoking is a bad habit, it does great harm to people's health. 正：In fact, smoking is a bad habit, which/and it does great harm to people's health. 误： His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, it didn't help. 正：His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, which/but it didn't help. 【举一反三】改错。 1．We can hear birds singing happily all around. Everybody sleeps in tents that is very exciting. _________________________________________. 2．John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of who were family members. _________________________________________. 3．The yellow house which windows face south is the place where I spent my childhood. _________________________________________. 答案：1. That →which 2. Who →whom 3. Which →whose 【综合演练提能】 Ⅰ.用定语从句完成句子 1．I hope you can help the students in our class to learn more about English and western culture, ______________________________________________________ and help build good relationships between us.我希望你能帮助我们班的学生更多地了解英语和西方文化，这能增进我们的理解并有助于我们建立良好的关系。 2.________________， our friends lend us a helping hand when we need help and they help us get through difficult situations. 我们都知道，当我们需要帮助时，我们的朋友会伸出援手，他们会帮我们渡过难关。 3.First of all, I will have a warm family __________________________ 首先，我将有一个温暖的家庭，在这个家庭中我们互相爱护、互相关心。 4.A sailor ______________________________________________ will never become an excellent sailor.没经历过暴风雨的水手永远不会成为一名优秀的水手。(2013·福建高考满分作文) 5. During those years they gave many concerts, ____________________________. 在那段时间里，他们举办很多场演唱会，都获得了成功。 6. Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way _____________________________________. 有些诗用能给读者留下深刻印象的方式叙事或描述某种事情。 7.Your speech was heard by a group of five judges , _____________________________________ .评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的演讲时今年做好的。 8.He was generous with his time , _____________________________________ .他十分慷慨地给予我时间,我为此非常感激。 9. The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, _____________________________________. 乐队成员除了表演音乐节目，还经常彼此打趣逗笑，他们的大部分音乐和玩笑多少有点模仿甲壳虫乐队。 10.So they left Britain, _____________________________________, and went back to the lake于是他们离开了英国，它们再也回不去了，而是回到湖里去了。 答案：1. which is different from others 2. As we all know 3. where you can really help people 4. who has experienced no storm 5. at which they played all their latest hits 6. that will give the reader a strong impression 7. all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year 8. for which I was grateful 9. most of which was based loosely on the Beatles 10. to which they were never to return II.高考作文单句翻译(用定语从句) 1.为了避免这样的冲突，我们应该彼此友好，这对享受和谐生活是极其重要的。(which) _________________________________________. 2.正如我们所知，书籍是知识的源泉。 (as) _________________________________________. 3.最后但也是最重要的，物理老师是我的典范，他/她对我的影响与我的决定有很大关系。(whose) _________________________________________. 4.甚至过去不喜欢英语的学生，结果他们也对英语感兴趣了。(who) _________________________________________. 5．我看到过你在网上张贴的夏令营通知，我对此很感兴趣。(that) _________________________________________. 6．她在北大上的大学，然后又出国深造。(介词＋关系代 词) _________________________________________. 答案：1. To avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoy a harmonious life. 2. As we know, books are the source of knowledge. 3. Las but not least, my physics teacher is my role model, whose influence on me had a lot to do with my decision. 4. Even the students who used to dislike English have turned out to be interested in the subject. 5. I read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it. 6. She was educated at Beijing University, after which she went to have her advanced study abroad. 【雕词琢句】 1)用定语从句将句子整合为复合句 (1)I’d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.It is the day for the elderly in our culture. →___________________________________________________. (2)Team members are often offered opportunities to watch table tennis competitions. It will benefit them a lot. →___________________________________________________. (3)Material collecting took us a whole week. During it we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of our school life. →___________________________________________________. (4)I am grateful to Mr. White. Without his help I couldn􀆳t have made so much progress in my English study. →___________________________________________________. 2)用定语从句完成或翻译下面的句子 (1)Finally,we took pictures with the old craftsman and the dough figurines ____________________ (我们制作的). (2)This summer I intend to take up a part-time job in a foreign company, ____________________ (借助它我想开阔我的视野)and gain some working experience. (3) ____________________ (如图所示), the box-office income of Chinese films increased constantly from 2012 to 2015, but its growth slowed down in 2016. (4)I would like to interview Zhang Haidi ____________________ (她的经历深深地鼓舞了我). (5)Firstly,we will never forget those happy scenes of studying and living together with you, ____________________ (这将对我们很有益处)in the future. (6)我建议你游览泰山,它的风光很美丽。 ____________________. 答案：1) (1)I’d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival which/that is the day for the elderly in our culture.(2) Team members are often offered opportunities to watch table tennis competitions, which will benefit them a lot. (3) Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of our school life. (4) I am grateful to Mr. White, without whose help I couldn’t have made so much progress in my English study. 2) (1) that/which we made (2) through which I would like to broaden my horizons (3) As is indicated in the graph (4) whose experience has inspired me deeply (5) which will benefit us a lot (6) I recommend you to visit Mount Tai whose sights are amazing. 【利用定语从句句型，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵（推荐信）】 Dear Mr. Pick， The website 1. ___________________________________ (你向我推荐的) is very beneficial to my English study. It has abundant reading materials 2. __________________________(我最需要的)，3. ________________________________ (这极大地拓宽了我的视野)．Now I have become more interested in English. Besides，I've made many new friends，and with them I exchange a lot about school life，cultures，science，and so on. Now I can express myself much better than ever. The reason 4. _____________________________ (我取得进步的原因) in English study is because of your kindness and consideration. I owe all my achievements to you. I'm looking forward to more advice from you! Yours， Li Hua 答案：1. that/which you've recommended to me 2. that/which I need most 3. which greatly broadens my horizons 4. why I have made rapid progress 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 润色添彩的引经据典 众所周知，谚语乃是一种语言的精华，寓意深刻，表达隽永。在高考写作中如能适当地引用一些谚语，可以为文章增光添彩。谚语的运用常体现在以下几个方面： (1)开门见山，引出下文 在高考作文中选择与主题有关的名言警句作为切入点，可以起到统领全篇、提纲挈领的作用，使文章中心发人深思，为文章增色。 (2)旁征博引，广为论证 在写作中，如果我们能把谚语作为文章的论据使用，能够增加语言的说服力，同时避免了因使用复杂句式而出现的语法失误，达到提高文章档次的目的。 (3)概括总结，提炼论点 高考英语作文要求对所论述的问题进行概括总结，提炼论点或得出结论。在文章结尾处使用谚语可起到画龙点睛，深化主题的作用。 【高考作文常用分类谚语】 1．关于学习的谚语 ①Knowledge starts with practice.知识来源于实践。 ②Never too late to learn. 活到老，学到老。 ③Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。 ④A little learning is a dangerous thing.一知半解是危险的事。 ⑤Look for the old so as to learn the new.温故而知新。 2．关于交友的谚语 ①A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。 ②The best mirror is an old friend.老朋友乃是最好的镜子。 ③A friend is a second self.朋友是第二个自我。④A friend is easier lost than found.朋友易失不易得。 ⑤A friend without faults will never be found. 世上没有十全十美的朋友。 ⑥He who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl. 近墨者黑。 3．关于健康的谚语 ①Health is better than wealth.健康胜过财富。 ②Sports is good for life. 生命在于运动。 ③An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一日一苹果，医生远离我。 ④A light heart lives long. 豁达者长寿。 4．关于成功的谚语 ①A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。 ②Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。 ③Every beginning is difficult.万事开头难。 ④No pains, no gains.不劳无获。 ⑤Talents come from diligence, and knowledge is gained by accumulation.天才在于勤奋，知识在于积累。 5．关于毅力的谚语 ①Life is great, if you don’t weaken.有了坚强的意志，才有伟大的人生。 ②Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。 ③Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.世上无难事，只要肯攀登。 ④Little by little one goes far.千里之行始于足下。 ⑤Little by little and bit by bit.坚持就是胜利。 ⑥Constant dropping wears away a stone. 滴水穿石。 6．关于帮助的谚语 ①All for one and one for all.人人为我，我为人人。 ②He is truly happy who makes others happy.使他人幸福的人才会真正幸福。 ③It is love that makes the world go round.爱心是永恒的力量。 ④It’s better to give than to receive. 给予总比接受好。 7．关于时间的谚语 ①Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不待人。 ②He that gains time gains all things.赢得时间就赢得一切。 ③Time is money.时间就是金钱。 ④Lost time is never found again. 时如东流水，一去不复返。 ⑤Busiest men find the most time. 最忙的人时间最多。 ⑥As every thread of gold is valuable, so is every moment of time.一寸光阴一寸金。 8．关于合作的谚语 ①One tree can’t make a forest.独木不成林。 ②For better or for worse.同甘共苦。 ③Union is strength.团结就是力量。 ④Two heads are better than one. 三个臭皮匠赛过诸葛亮。 ⑤Both together do best of all.人心齐，泰山移。 【引用谚语的常用表达】 1．As the saying goes, “A good beginning is half the battle.”正如谚语所说的那样，“良好的开端是成功的一半。” 2．Francis Bacon once said, “Knowledge is power.”弗朗西斯·培根曾经说过，“知识就是力量。” 3．As we all know, books are the ladder of human progress. 众所周知，书籍是人类进步的阶梯。 4．As a famous saying goes, “A friend is a present you give yourself.” 正如一句著名的谚语所说的，“朋友是你给自己的礼物。” 5．In a word, success is important, and so is failure, because it’s the mother of success. 总之，成功是重要的，失败也是重要的，因为它是成功之母。 6．It also helps me understand the proverb “Practice makes perfect.” 它也帮助我理解了这句谚语：“熟能生巧。” 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.活到老，学到老。 __________________________________. 2.好的开始等于成功的一半。 __________________________________. 3.早起的鸟儿有虫吃。 __________________________________. 4.今日事，今日毕。 __________________________________. 5.时间就是金钱。 __________________________________. 6.机会只青睐那些有准备的人。 __________________________________. 7.有志者事竟成。 __________________________________. 8.世上无难事，只要肯登攀。 __________________________________. 9.说起来容易，做起来难。 __________________________________. 10.欲速则不达。 __________________________________. 11.伟业非一日之功。 __________________________________. 12.千里之行，始于足下。 __________________________________. 13.失之毫厘，谬之千里。 __________________________________. 14.吃一堑，长一智。 __________________________________. 15.只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 __________________________________. 16.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。 __________________________________. 17.早睡早起身体好。 __________________________________. 18.任何事情都有两面性。 __________________________________. 19.良药苦口，忠言逆耳。 __________________________________. 20.三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮。 __________________________________. 21.天才不过是勤奋而已。 __________________________________. 22.谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。 __________________________________. 23.迟做总比不做好。 __________________________________. 24.失败是成功之母。 __________________________________. 25.细节决定成败。 __________________________________. 答案：1. It is never too old to learn. 2.Well begun，half done. 3. The early bird catches the worm. 4.Don’t put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 5. Time is money. 6. Opportunities are only for the prepared minds. 7.Where there is a will，there is a way. 8. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. 9. Easier said than done. 10.More haste，less speed./Haste makes waste. 11. Rome was not built in a day. 12. The longest journey begins with the first step. 13. One false step will make a great difference. 14.A fall into the pit，a gain in your wit. 15. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 16.Once bitten，twice shy. 17.Early to bed，early to rise makes a man healthy，wealthy and wise. 18. Every coin has two sides. 19. A good medicine tastes bitter. 21. Many heads are better than one. (36)Genius is nothing but labor and diligence. 22.He who laughs last，laughs best. 23. Better late than never. 24. Failure is the mother of success. 25. Details are the key to success. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 生动清晰的各种时态和表文采无限的扩展句 一、常用时态在写作中的应用 时态错误是学生在英语书面表达中经常出现的问题之一。在写作中选择合适的时态对于保证语言的准确和清晰起着非常重要的作用。 (一)投“时”问路 在写作中常用的时态主要有一般过去时、过去进行时、一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般将来时,大家应对这几种时态的用法熟记于心并在实践中力求熟能生巧。 1.一般过去时:表示过去某个时间发生的动作、存在的状态或过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去的情况。 2.过去进行时:表示过去某时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 3.一般现在时:表示现在经常、反复发生的动作,存在的状态或习惯性的 动作。 4.现在进行时:表示说话时或当前一段时间正在进行的动作。 5.现在完成时:表示说话时已经完成的动作,且这个动作的结果对现在仍有影响,或过去的某一动作一直持续到现在。 6.一般将来时:表示将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态,或将来某一段时间经常发生的动作或存在的状态。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1) _______________________________ (收集材料花了我们整整一周), during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life. 2)听到他说的话,我抑制不住自己的眼泪。 _______________________________. 3)Last Monday, we _______________________________ (正在上语文课) when the teacher suddenly slipped and fell. 4)老师进入教室的时候,我正在玩电脑游戏。 5)We _______________________________ (非常自豪)of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world. 6)在我们的文化中它是一个为老人设立的日子。 7)I _______________________________ (正在给你写信)to draw your attention to some improper behavior among us students: littering and scribbling. 8)我现在正给你写信告诉你我的激动人心的暑假计划。 _______________________________. 9)I _______________________________ (已经完成)my application and resume. 10)在几项英语活动中,我已经成功地向她伸出援手。 _______________________________. 11)Our school photography club _______________________________ (打算举办)an International High School Student Photography Show. 12)我们将在早上六点钟从校门口出发。 _______________________________. 二）时态选秀 尽管时态的使用千变万化,但在书面表达中却“有章可循、有律可遵”，现总结如下: 1.叙事多用一般过去时。 2.表述观点或议论文中主要使用一般现在时。 3.说明文通常用一般现在时。 4.介绍客观情况常用一般现在时。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1）That weekend, we _______ (去了)a nearby neighborhood and gave them away to the people there. 2）Personally, _____________ (我更喜欢在团队里工作),which offers me a chance to learn how to get along with others and share my experiences with them. 3）Every student can do something for our environment in daily life. For example, remember to turn off the lights in time ____________________________________ (晚上在你离开教室之前). 4）The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols, while ___________________________________ (48%的男孩子选择体育明星). 【雕词琢句】根据所给提示完成下面短文,注意时态。 Located beside the Yangtze River, my hometown is a beautiful place now. In the past,(1) ________________________ (它是个贫穷的村庄,在那里人们过着艰苦的生活). However,(2) ________________________ (在过去的20年里发生了巨大的变化) here, thanks to the good policy of the Party. To begin with, a large number of new houses have been set up which are equipped with modern appliances such as computers, fridges, TV sets, washing machines and so on. What’s more, there is a large supermarket in it,(3) ________________________ (那里有人们需要的各种各样的商品). Much to our delight,(4) ________________________ (一所更大的学校正在建设当中).There is no doubt that (5) ________________________ (孩子们将会接受更好的教育)by the time it has been put into use, because lots of modern teaching facilities will be used in the new school,(6) ________________________ (它们将帮助老师使课堂变得生动有趣). Such is my hometown (7) ________________________ (在这里所有的人正过着幸福的生活).And I am sure(8) ________________________ (它将会变成一个更加迷人和舒适的地方) to live with the development of economy and society as well. 二、文采无限的扩展句 在写作中我们通常把用以支持主题句的句子称为支持句或扩展句。段落扩展句的写作是段落写作的“核心”,其质量高低将决定整段文章的成败。在段落扩展句的写作中要注意以下几个问题: 1.抓住一个中心,对扩展句精挑细选。 所有的扩展句都必须与主题句保持一致,都要为主题句服务。所有与主 题句无关或关系不大的句子都要从扩展句中去掉。如: Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem. In spite of the large-scale construction of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement, because of the ever increasing number of cars these years. What’s worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules. 本段的主题句“Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem.”点明了本段的中心思想:介绍导致交通问题的原因。下面的扩展句紧紧围绕中心句说明了两种具体原因,有力地支持了主题句。 2.选用合理的写作顺序,保持扩展句之间的连贯性。 扩展句不能杂乱无章地堆砌到一块,而是应该恰当运用合理的写作顺序(如时间、空间、逻辑等顺序)把各个扩展句有机地组织起来,使其浑然一体。 例1:运用空间顺序组织扩展句。如: Our library is in the center of the school. There’s a beautiful garden in front of it and our classroom building is right behind it. 例2:利用时间或逻辑顺序组织扩展句。如: When the craftsman came into the classroom, we gave him a warm welcome and two boys helped him with the tool box. First, he showed us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines. We stood around him and watched attentively. Then we started to have a try ourselves. The old man walked around and helped us patiently. Finally, we put the figurines we made on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman. Looking at the figurines, we were all very excited. 评析：本段利用时间顺序组织写作,向老艺人学习捏面人的过程跃 然纸上,读后令人印象深刻。 3.恰当议论,锦上添花。 在扩展句的写作中根据实际需要对某些扩展句进行恰当的点评或做进一步的阐释不但可以丰富段落内容,而且还可以起到深化主题、画龙点睛的作用。如: When I am faced with difficulties, I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or web pages. In this way, I can not only work them out but also improve my ability to overcome difficulties all by myself. 4.注重结构,段落层次分明。 在段落扩展句的写作中可以采用有形或无形的“三节式”扩展模式,即 “主题句+扩展句+总结句”的结构。如: In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order. Without them, people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos. But rules alone don’t secure an orderly society. It is the people who obey the rules that matter. Therefore, it is everybody’s duty to observe them to keep Our society in order and going on the right track. 【举一反三】根据上下文在横线上填上合适的扩展句或过渡语。 We all want to grow up happily and healthily, and for this goal we must do several things. Firstly, we should develop a good attitude to life, because 扩展句(1) ___________________.过渡语① ___________________,we should be brave when faced with difficulties. Secondly, we must study hard because扩展句(2) ________________________ .If we have the power, we can help to build our country and enjoy life better.过渡语②________________________,in order to study well, we need to do sports so that扩展句(3) ________________________ .For example, we can go running, play ball games or simply take a walk after a day’s study. If we do those things well,扩展句(4) ________________________. 【利用恰当的时态语态，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵（记人叙事）】 1．___________________________________________ (一场可怕的暴雨袭击了我们城市) last night and caused huge mudslides around West Village. In this disaster，nearly 2. ________________________ (十所房子被毁) and an office building was ruined. What's worse，3. ____________________________ (暴雨已造成一人死亡)，leaving five persons missing. 4．______________________ (当困难发生) at a place，help comes from all sides. Soldiers were sent to help out. And 5. __________________________________ (许多村民努力帮助) search for the missing persons. It is said that the direct economic loss caused by this heavy rainstorm 6. __________________________________ (总计一千多元)．Through everyone's efforts，7. ___________________________________ (一切进展顺利)． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 生动清晰的各种时态和表文采无限的扩展句 一、常用时态在写作中的应用 时态错误是学生在英语书面表达中经常出现的问题之一。在写作中选择合适的时态对于保证语言的准确和清晰起着非常重要的作用。 (一)投“时”问路 在写作中常用的时态主要有一般过去时、过去进行时、一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般将来时,大家应对这几种时态的用法熟记于心并在实践中力求熟能生巧。 1.一般过去时:表示过去某个时间发生的动作、存在的状态或过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去的情况。 2.过去进行时:表示过去某时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 3.一般现在时:表示现在经常、反复发生的动作,存在的状态或习惯性的 动作。 4.现在进行时:表示说话时或当前一段时间正在进行的动作。 5.现在完成时:表示说话时已经完成的动作,且这个动作的结果对现在仍有影响,或过去的某一动作一直持续到现在。 6.一般将来时:表示将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态,或将来某一段时间经常发生的动作或存在的状态。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1) _______________________________ (收集材料花了我们整整一周), during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life. 2)听到他说的话,我抑制不住自己的眼泪。 _______________________________. 3)Last Monday, we _______________________________ (正在上语文课) when the teacher suddenly slipped and fell. 4)老师进入教室的时候,我正在玩电脑游戏。 5)We _______________________________ (非常自豪)of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world. 6)在我们的文化中它是一个为老人设立的日子。 7)I _______________________________ (正在给你写信)to draw your attention to some improper behavior among us students: littering and scribbling. 8)我现在正给你写信告诉你我的激动人心的暑假计划。 _______________________________. 9)I _______________________________ (已经完成)my application and resume. 10)在几项英语活动中,我已经成功地向她伸出援手。 _______________________________. 11)Our school photography club _______________________________ (打算举办)an International High School Student Photography Show. 12)我们将在早上六点钟从校门口出发。 _______________________________. 答案：1) Material collecting took us a whole week 2) On hearing what he said, I couldn’t hold back my tears.3) were having our Chinese class 4) When the teacher entered the classroom, I was playing computer games. 5) are very proud 6) It is the day for the elderly in our culture. 7)I am writing 8) I am writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday. 9)I have already finished 10) Successfully, I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities. 11) is going to hold/will hold/is to hold 12) We will start at 6 o’clock in the morning from the school gate. 二）时态选秀 尽管时态的使用千变万化,但在书面表达中却“有章可循、有律可遵”，现总结如下: 1.叙事多用一般过去时。 2.表述观点或议论文中主要使用一般现在时。 3.说明文通常用一般现在时。 4.介绍客观情况常用一般现在时。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1）That weekend, we _______ (去了)a nearby neighborhood and gave them away to the people there. 2）Personally, _____________ (我更喜欢在团队里工作),which offers me a chance to learn how to get along with others and share my experiences with them. 3）Every student can do something for our environment in daily life. For example, remember to turn off the lights in time ____________________________________ (晚上在你离开教室之前). 4）The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols, while ___________________________________ (48%的男孩子选择体育明星). 答案：1）went to 2）I prefer to work in a team 3）before you leave the classroom in the evening 4）48% of the boys choose sports stars 【雕词琢句】根据所给提示完成下面短文,注意时态。 Located beside the Yangtze River, my hometown is a beautiful place now. In the past,(1) ________________________ (它是个贫穷的村庄,在那里人们过着艰苦的生活). However,(2) ________________________ (在过去的20年里发生了巨大的变化) here, thanks to the good policy of the Party. To begin with, a large number of new houses have been set up which are equipped with modern appliances such as computers, fridges, TV sets, washing machines and so on. What’s more, there is a large supermarket in it,(3) ________________________ (那里有人们需要的各种各样的商品). Much to our delight,(4) ________________________ (一所更大的学校正在建设当中).There is no doubt that (5) ________________________ (孩子们将会接受更好的教育)by the time it has been put into use, because lots of modern teaching facilities will be used in the new school,(6) ________________________ (它们将帮助老师使课堂变得生动有趣). Such is my hometown (7) ________________________ (在这里所有的人正过着幸福的生活).And I am sure(8) ________________________ (它将会变成一个更加迷人和舒适的地方) to live with the development of economy and society as well. 答案： 1) it was a poor village where people led a hard life 2) in the past twenty years great changes have taken place 3) where there are varieties of goods that people need 4) a much bigger school is being built 5) the children will receive a better education 6) which will help teachers make their classes lively and interesting 7) where all the people are living a happy life 8) it will become a more charming and comfortable place 二、文采无限的扩展句 在写作中我们通常把用以支持主题句的句子称为支持句或扩展句。段落扩展句的写作是段落写作的“核心”,其质量高低将决定整段文章的成败。在段落扩展句的写作中要注意以下几个问题: 1.抓住一个中心,对扩展句精挑细选。 所有的扩展句都必须与主题句保持一致,都要为主题句服务。所有与主 题句无关或关系不大的句子都要从扩展句中去掉。如: Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem. In spite of the large-scale construction of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement, because of the ever increasing number of cars these years. What’s worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules. 本段的主题句“Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem.”点明了本段的中心思想:介绍导致交通问题的原因。下面的扩展句紧紧围绕中心句说明了两种具体原因,有力地支持了主题句。 2.选用合理的写作顺序,保持扩展句之间的连贯性。 扩展句不能杂乱无章地堆砌到一块,而是应该恰当运用合理的写作顺序(如时间、空间、逻辑等顺序)把各个扩展句有机地组织起来,使其浑然一体。 例1:运用空间顺序组织扩展句。如: Our library is in the center of the school. There’s a beautiful garden in front of it and our classroom building is right behind it. 例2:利用时间或逻辑顺序组织扩展句。如: When the craftsman came into the classroom, we gave him a warm welcome and two boys helped him with the tool box. First, he showed us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines. We stood around him and watched attentively. Then we started to have a try ourselves. The old man walked around and helped us patiently. Finally, we put the figurines we made on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman. Looking at the figurines, we were all very excited. 评析：本段利用时间顺序组织写作,向老艺人学习捏面人的过程跃 然纸上,读后令人印象深刻。 3.恰当议论,锦上添花。 在扩展句的写作中根据实际需要对某些扩展句进行恰当的点评或做进一步的阐释不但可以丰富段落内容,而且还可以起到深化主题、画龙点睛的作用。如: When I am faced with difficulties, I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or web pages. In this way, I can not only work them out but also improve my ability to overcome difficulties all by myself. 4.注重结构,段落层次分明。 在段落扩展句的写作中可以采用有形或无形的“三节式”扩展模式,即 “主题句+扩展句+总结句”的结构。如: In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order. Without them, people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos. But rules alone don’t secure an orderly society. It is the people who obey the rules that matter. Therefore, it is everybody’s duty to observe them to keep Our society in order and going on the right track. 【举一反三】根据上下文在横线上填上合适的扩展句或过渡语。 We all want to grow up happily and healthily, and for this goal we must do several things. Firstly, we should develop a good attitude to life, because 扩展句(1) ___________________.过渡语① ___________________,we should be brave when faced with difficulties. Secondly, we must study hard because扩展句(2) ________________________ .If we have the power, we can help to build our country and enjoy life better.过渡语②________________________,in order to study well, we need to do sports so that扩展句(3) ________________________ .For example, we can go running, play ball games or simply take a walk after a day’s study. If we do those things well,扩展句(4) ________________________. 答案： 1) life consists of not only sunshine but also hard times.①Thus/ Therefore 2) knowledge is power .② In addition/Besides/What’s more, 3) we can keep fit 4) we will be able to grow up happily and healthily. 【利用恰当的时态语态，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵（记人叙事）】 1．___________________________________________ (一场可怕的暴雨袭击了我们城市) last night and caused huge mudslides around West Village. In this disaster，nearly 2. ________________________ (十所房子被毁) and an office building was ruined. What's worse，3. ____________________________ (暴雨已造成一人死亡)，leaving five persons missing. 4．______________________ (当困难发生) at a place，help comes from all sides. Soldiers were sent to help out. And 5. __________________________________ (许多村民努力帮助) search for the missing persons. It is said that the direct economic loss caused by this heavy rainstorm 6. __________________________________ (总计一千多元)．Through everyone's efforts，7. ___________________________________ (一切进展顺利)． 答案：1. A very terrible rainstorm hit our city 2. ten houses were destroyed 3. it has already caused one death 4. When trouble happens 5. a lot of villagers tried their best to help 6. adds up to more than ten million yuan 7. everything went on very well/smoothly 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 避免头重脚轻的it句式 it除了用作人称代词外，还常用作形式主语或形式宾语，有时也可以用在一些固定句型中。灵活地运用it句式可使文章更高级，结构更紧凑。 一、it作形式主语的常用句型 在英语中，为了避免头重脚轻，经常运用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语后置，作真正主语的常为不定式或从句，有时也可用动名词。 1.It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary/ right/ likely/ unlikely/ wrong/ important/ certain等)＋that从句 1)It is quite clear that any terrorist activities in China is doomed to failure．很清楚，在中国任何恐怖活动都是注定要失败的。 2) It is wonderful that my father has quit smoking at last. 我父亲最后把烟戒掉了，这是太好了。 3) It is certain that the factory will greatly raise their efficiency if they have modern machines and tools. 可以肯定的是，如果这家工厂拥有现代化的机器和设备，它将大幅度的提高生产率。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.与此同时，政府有必要鼓励人们在公共场所举止行为要适当。 ________________________________________________________。 2.确实，智能手机在我们日常生活中扮演重要的角色。 ________________________________________________________。 3. ________________（很显然对于学生们）they should get well prepared for their future.（obvious） 答案：1. Meanwhile, it is necessary for the government to encourage people to behave properly in public places. 2. It is true that a smartphone plays an important role in our daily life. 3. It is obvious to the students that 2.It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句 1) It's my great privilege to be here, sharing this moment with our friends from the Great Britain.在这儿与来自英国的朋友共度此刻是我的莫大荣幸。 2) It's really a pity that I can't make it to communicate with you face to face, and I'm sorry for that. 的确遗憾的是没能与你面对面交流，为此我非常抱歉。 3)I know it is time for me to set out to do my homework, but I just can't resist playing computer games.我知道是开始做作业的时候了，但我就是忍不住要玩电脑游戏。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.最后，尽管我们是孩子，但是自控是我们的职责，它会对我们的生活和学习大有帮助。 ________________________________________________________。 2._________________(是一个事实)that English is being accepted as an international language. （fact） 3.很遗憾，这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客没有吸引力。________________________________________________________。 答案：1. In the end, kids as we are, it's our duty to control ourselves, which will greatly help our lives and study. 2. It is a fact that 3. It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth do not attract visitors. 3.It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)＋that从句 1) It is said that he used to be a manager of a big company. 据说他曾经是大公司的经理。 2) It is believed that smoking causes cancer. 人们认为吸烟能致癌。 3) It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people. 据说，这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的说服别人的能力。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.众所周知，“有志者事竟成”。________________________________________________________。 2. ______________（已经宣布）that we’ll have a three-day holiday next month. （announce）________________________________________________________。 3. ______________ smoking causes cancer. 人们认为吸烟致癌。 ________________________________________________________。 答案：1. It's known to all that “Where there is a will, there is a way”． 2. It has been announced 3. It is believed that 4.It＋特殊动词(seems, appears, happens, matters)＋that从句 1) Did it ever occur to you that you would end up in prison if you continued behaving like that? 你就没想到如果继续这样做最终会被关进监狱吗？ 2) It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles. 她似乎一生都在忙碌她所选择的事业，赴国外进修，还著书。 3) It occurred to her that he is such a man whose words always belie his mind.她突然想起了他总是一个言不由衷的人。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1._________________ he met his teacher in Australia.他碰巧在澳大利亚碰见了他的老师。 2._______________ they used sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin.看样子他们用磨尖的的石器来切割野兽并剥皮。 3.__________________ at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.想我这个年纪，身体健康，而且能够在一个下午骑车20公里好像很令人惊讶。 答案：1. It happened (so happened) that 2. It seems that 3. It seems amazing that 5其它it做形式主语固定句式 1．It goes without saying that...不用说…… It goes without saying that modern technology brings us convenience and comfort in life. 2．It benefits sb. to do sth.做某事对某人有益 It really benefited me a lot to preview lessons, get actively involved in class, and review what had been taught in class.课前预习、课堂上专心听讲并复习课堂上所学的东西真的使我受益匪浅。 3．It takes (sb.) some time/energy/effort...to do sth. It took them about half an hour to work out the difficult maths problem.他们花了大约半个小时的时间才解出这道数学难题。 4．It is the first/second...time that...这是第一/二……次…… It is the first time that he has won the Nobel Prize for Literature.这是他第一次获得诺贝尔文学奖。 5．It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...自从……多长时间了 It has been two weeks since you came here for the exchange program, which has benefited us all. 自从你来这儿作交换项目已两周，这对我们都有益。 6．It＋be＋一段时间＋before...多次之后就/才…… Don't be upset. It will be half a year before we meet again.不要伤心了，半年之后我们还会再见面。 7．When it comes to...当谈到…… When it comes to the season I like best, spring will always occur to me in no time.当谈到我最喜欢的季节，我会立刻想到春天。 8．I'd appreciate it if...如果……我将感激不尽 Now that the winter holiday is around the corner, I would appreciate it if you could post the new book as soon as possible according to the new address.既然寒假即将来临，如果你按新地址给我邮寄新书我将感激不尽。 9.It doesn‘t matter who/whether/if等从句 It doesn't matter whether it is expensive or not.它是否昂贵并不重要。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.____________________ since I enjoyed myself so much.我好多天没玩得这么开心了。 2.It is the second time___________________ .这是我第二次在公共场合演讲。 3.____________________ we come here again. 过不了多久我们又会来这儿的。 4._________________________. 万事开头难。（谚语必背） 5._____________________________ I realized she was a famous film star.直到他取下他的墨镜我才认识到他是电影名星。 答案：1. It is (has been) several days 2. that I have a speech in public 3. It will not be long before 4. It is the first step that costs troublesome 5. It was not until she took off her dark glasses that 二、it作形式宾语及其他的常用句型 it除了可以作形式主语外，还可作形式宾语，作形式宾语和在一些常见句型中的应用都可以提升文章的档次，使文章更高级。 1.动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe, guess, suppose, assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。 1) I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我认为我们每天喝大量的开水是必要的。(it是形式宾语，that从句是真正的宾语) 2) I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。(it是形式宾语，when引导的从句是真正的宾语) 3) Eva found it very difficult to work out this problem. 伊娃发现这道题很难整。 2.有些动词带宾语从句时，需要在宾语从句前加it，这类动词(短语)主要有：hate, like, owe, have, appreciate, see to等。 1) I hate it when people talk with their mouth full. 我讨厌人们说话时满口食物。 2) I hate it when you can’t discuss things openly. 我讨厌你们不能开诚布公的讨论问题。 3) I would appreciate it if you paid in cash. 假如你支付现金，我不胜感激。 3. 其它it做形式宾语固定句式 1) Sb. likes/loves/hates/dislikes it when...某人喜欢/不喜欢…… I dislike it when a Chinese host keeps serving me the food I don't like. 我不喜欢中国主人不停地给我夹我不喜欢的菜。 Please see to it that everything is ready.请留意一切要准备就绪。 2) take it for granted that I took it for granted that they were not coming. 我认为他们不会来。 3) owe it to sb. that 表示“全靠---”。 Davy owes it to his wife’s care that he is well again.全靠他的妻子的照顾，大卫的病才得以痊愈。 4) put it (to sb. ) that”表示“向某人表明……，清楚地表达……”。 I have put it to you that you are the only person I believe in. 我已清楚向你表明你是我唯一信任的人。 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. What's worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians _______________ obey traffic rules.更糟的是，一些司机、骑车人和行人不认为遵守交通规则很重要。 2. In a word, wild release ________________________ to choose what books we like.总之，自由分享使得我们选择所喜欢的书籍方便得多。 3. I am very glad and ____________________________ for the vice­president of the English club. 我很高兴，我认为竞选英语俱乐部副主席是一件荣耀的事情。 4.____________ my class, I have to say that I can't stand some classmates' selfishness. 当谈及我所在的班级时，我必须说我不能忍受一些同学的自私。 5.它给像你和我一样的青少年提供了一个享受运动和了解中国文化的机会。 ____________________， like you and me, ______________ sports and learn about Chinese culture. 6.在教师节那天，我们的英语老 师李老师一定发现她连一张来自学生的问候卡都没收到，这很奇怪。(宾语从句，it作形式宾语) 答案：1. do not think it vital to 2. makes it much more convenient for us 3.feel it a great honor to run 4. When it comes to 5.It offers teenagers; a chance to enjoy 6. Ms. Li, our English teacher, must have found it strange on Teachers’ Day that she did not receive a single greeting card from us students. 三、重点突出的强调句型 强调句型可强调除谓语动词和表语外的其他任何成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。强调句型的灵活运用不仅有助于增强表达效果，突出要强调的重点，更能彰显考生对英语表达的把握能力。其基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他。 1.It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他。 1) It is the time and energy we spend on the present that makes it valuable rather than the money we pay. 珍贵的是我们在礼物上花费的时间和精力，而非我们所花的钱。 2) It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts. 有价值的不是故事本身,而是故事所反映的内容。 3) It is the people who obey the rules that matter. 至关重要的是遵守这些规则的人们。 2.Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他？ 1) Was it in that park that the children saw the strange green objects? 正是在那个公园里孩子们看见了那些奇怪的绿色物体吗？ 2) Was it yesterday that you met your teacher in the street? 你是昨天在大街上碰到你老师的吗？ 3.特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他？ 1) When was it that you made up your mind to work as a volunteer teacher? 是什么时候你下定决心要当一名志愿者老师的？ 2) Who was it that told you such a thing? 究竟是谁告诉你这件事的？ 3) Why was it that you didn't come to the meeting yesterday? 究竟是为什么你昨天没有来开会？ 4．It is/was not until ...that... 1)It was not until he couldn't convey his feelings in English that he realized how important it was to have a good command of English.直到他不能用英语表达他的情感，他才意识到精通英语是多么的重要。 2)It is not only your enthusiasm but also your teamwork and good spirits that impress us.不仅是你的热情，而且团队合作和良好的精神状态给我们留下了深刻的印象。 3) It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.直到他妻子回来了他才去睡觉。 5.强调谓语时，借助于do/does/did＋动词原形 1) Well, I do have to rest a lot. 哦，我的确需要好好休息。 2) However, what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible. 不过我确实知道我的女朋友觉得我的烟味很难闻。 3) Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！ 【举一反三】根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.用强调句型进行句型转换 1) The teacher's praise contributes to my success. →______________________________________________________________. 2) We created a harmonious atmosphere with sincerity and faithfulness. →______________________________________________________________.答案：1. It is the teacher's praise that contributes to my success 2.It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere 2.翻译 1) 我确实珍视这个受教育的机会，总是把这个箴言当做座右铭。 2) 我想要告诉你的是你在比赛中获得了第一名。 3) 我下一步要做的就是与经理取得联系。 4) 也就是在那个时候，克莱尔才意识到托尼早就把窗前的窗帘拉开了。 5) 所有这一切发生在周一晚上。 答案：1. I do cherish the educational opportunity and I always adopt the motto to serve as a reminder. 2. What I am going to tell you is that you won first place in the game. 3. What I should do next is (to) get in touch with the manager. 4. It was then that Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window. 5. It was on Monday night that all this happened. 【雕词琢句】 1)当欣赏视频的时候,所有的人是多么兴奋呀! _________________________________________________! 2)Not the story itself but what is reflected in the story counts. →___________________________________________.(用强调句型升级) 3) _________________________________________________ (生活将会如此丰富多彩) in ten years that I will live more happily. 4）重要的是那些遵守规则的人。 _________________________________________________. 5)一句多译 （1）正是由于我对运动的极大兴趣,我才密切关注将于八月末在天津举行的第13届全国运动会。 ① _________________________________________________. (because of) ② _________________________________________________. (because) （2）这些书非常有趣,你们可能非常喜欢。 ① _________________________________________________.(and) ② _________________________________________________.(so...that...正常语序) 答案：1) How excited all the people were when they enjoyed the video!2) It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts. 3) Life will be so rich and colorful4）It is the people who obey the rules that matter.5)（1）① It is because of my great interest in sports that I pay close attention to the 13th National Games to be held in Tianjin at the end of August. ② It is because I have great interest in sports that I pay close attention to the 13th National Games to be held in Tianjin at the end of August. （2）① The books are very interesting and you may like them very much.② The books are so interesting that you may like them very much. 【利用所学的it句型，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵（道歉信）】 Dear Bob， I am sorry to tell you that I can't go to the bookshop with you on Sunday morning as we planned last week. I am writing to apologize for breaking my promise. 1. ________________ ________________________________ (是因为期末考试即将来临) that I decide to stay at home to go over my lessons. You know，I 2. __________________________ (在上次考试中我的确做得很差)．So I want to devote all my spare time to working on my lessons in order to get good scores in the final exam.3. ____________________________________________ (是一月份的第二个星期天) I want to go to the bookstore with you. I am wondering if you will be free at that time. Sorry again for the inconvenience caused to you. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours， Li Hua 答案：1. It is because the final exam is just around the corner 2. did do badly in the last exam 3. It is on the second Sunday in January that 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $