摘要:
该高中英语译林版必修三Unit 1词汇拓展短语背记清单,围绕"Nature in the balance"主题,涵盖生态保护、自然现象、环境影响等核心范畴,搭建从基础短语(如do harm to)到关联句型(如A affects B, which in turn affects C)的递进式学习支架。
清单通过主题分类(如生态系统、生物多样性)和语义关联(如enrich/preserve the soil辨析)呈现知识体系,体现完整性与条理性。中英对照例句强化语言能力,连锁反应句型(如砍树影响鸟类进而影响昆虫)培养思维品质,应用场景提示(如环保行动例句)助力不同学生高效记忆,既方便学生自主积累,也为教师话题教学提供丰富素材。
内容正文:
译林版 必修三 Unit 1 Nature in the balance.期末词汇拓展短语背记(一)
序号
短语或句型
意思
例句(中英对照)
1
do harm to sth/sb
对……造成伤害
Smoking does great harm to our lungs.(吸烟对我们的肺部造成很大伤害。)
2
no harm in doing sth
做某事无害
There is no harm in asking the teacher for help.(向老师求助没什么坏处。)
3
enrich the soil
改良土壤(指提升土壤肥力)
Farmers use organic fertilizer to enrich the soil.(农民用有机肥改良土壤。)
4
preserve the soil
保护土壤(指防止土壤流失或退化)
Planting trees on hillsides helps preserve the soil.(在山坡上种树有助于保护土壤。)
5
protect the ecosystem
保护生态系统
We must take action to protect the ecosystem of the river.(我们必须采取行动保护河流生态系统。)
6
balance the ecosystem
平衡生态系统
Protecting small animals helps balance the ecosystem.(保护小动物有助于平衡生态系统。)
7
go overseas
出国(指前往国外)
She plans to go overseas to study environmental science.(她计划出国学习环境科学。)
8
overseas students
留学生(指在国外学习的学生)
Many overseas students come to China to learn about its culture.(很多留学生来中国了解其文化。)
9
in the region of
大约;在……地区
The temperature in this city is in the region of 25℃ in spring.(这座城市春天的气温大约在25℃左右。)
10
develop the region
发展该地区
The government is trying to develop the rural region with new industries.(政府正试图用新兴产业发展农村地区。)
11
across the continent
横跨大陆
The railway runs across the continent, connecting east and west.(这条铁路横跨大陆,连接东西部。)
12
each continent
每个大洲
There are unique animals and plants on each continent.(每个大洲都有独特的动植物。)
13
millions of
数百万的(后接可数名词复数)
Millions of trees are planted every year to fight desertification.(每年种植数百万棵树对抗荒漠化。)
14
one million
一百万
The nature reserve covers an area of one million square meters.(这个自然保护区占地一百万平方米。)
15
in length
在长度上
The new bridge is 500 meters in length.(这座新桥长度为500米。)
16
the length of sth
……的长度
Can you measure the length of this table for me?(你能帮我量一下这张桌子的长度吗?)
17
protect biodiversity
保护生物多样性
Protecting rainforests is key to protecting biodiversity.(保护热带雨林是保护生物多样性的关键。)
18
lose biodiversity
丧失生物多样性
Deforestation leads to losing biodiversity in many areas.(毁林导致很多地区丧失生物多样性。)
19
a species of
一种……(后接可数名词单数)
The panda is a species of bear unique to China.(熊猫是中国特有的一种熊类。)
20
endangered species
濒危物种(指面临灭绝风险的物种)
We need to take measures to save endangered species like the Siberian tiger.(我们需要采取措施拯救东北虎等濒危物种。)
21
crack a nut
敲开坚果(指打开坚果外壳)
He used a hammer to crack the hard nut.(他用锤子敲开了这个硬坚果。)
22
nut oil
坚果油(指从坚果中提取的油脂)
Nut oil is often used in cooking for its rich nutrition.(坚果油因其丰富的营养常被用于烹饪。)
23
Brazil nuts
巴西坚果(复数形式,指一种坚果)
Brazil nuts are rich in selenium, an important mineral.(巴西坚果富含硒这种重要矿物质。)
24
collect Brazil nuts
采集巴西坚果
Local people collect Brazil nuts in the Amazon rainforest.(当地人在亚马逊雨林采集巴西坚果。)
25
water lily
睡莲(指水生观赏花卉)
Water lilies look very beautiful on the surface of the lake.(睡莲在湖面看起来很美。)
26
water lily pond
睡莲池(指种植睡莲的池塘)
There is a small water lily pond in the center of the park.(公园中央有一个小睡莲池。)
27
a variety of
各种各样的(后接可数名词复数或不可数名词)
The garden has a variety of flowers in different colors.(这个花园有各种各样颜色的花。)
28
variety of life
生物多样性(与biodiversity近义)
Protecting the variety of life is important for ecological balance.(保护生物多样性对生态平衡很重要。)
29
protect wildlife
保护野生动植物
The government has set up reserves to protect wildlife.(政府已建立保护区保护野生动植物。)
30
wildlife conservation
野生动植物保护(指保护野生动植物的行动)
Wildlife conservation requires the efforts of every citizen.(野生动植物保护需要每个公民的努力。)
31
beneath the surface
在表面之下(指物理或抽象层面的深层)
There are many small creatures beneath the surface of the soil.(土壤表面之下有很多小生物。)
32
beneath one’s dignity
有失某人尊严(指行为不符合身份)
It is beneath his dignity to argue with such rude people.(和这么粗鲁的人争吵有失他的尊严。)
33
mass production
大规模生产(指工业化的批量生产)
Mass production of plastic products has caused serious pollution.(塑料制品的大规模生产造成了严重污染。)
34
a mass of
大量的(后接可数名词复数或不可数名词)
A mass of waste is dumped into the river every day.(每天有大量垃圾被倒入这条河。)
35
towering trees
高大的树木(指树干高耸的树)
Towering trees provide shade for animals in the forest.(高大的树木为森林里的动物提供树荫。)
36
towering mountains
高耸的山脉(指山峰巍峨的山脉)
The village is surrounded by towering mountains.(这个村庄被高耸的山脉环绕。)
37
hardwood trees
阔叶树(指木质坚硬的落叶树)
Hardwood trees like oak grow slowly but live long.(橡树等阔叶树生长慢但寿命长。)
38
hardwood furniture
硬木家具(指用阔叶树木材制作的家具)
Hardwood furniture is more durable than softwood furniture.(硬木家具比软木家具更耐用。)
39
living things
生物(指有生命的物体)
Sunlight is necessary for most living things on Earth.(阳光对地球上大多数生物来说是必需的。)
40
make a living
谋生(指通过工作获取收入)
His father makes a living by fishing in the sea.(他父亲靠在海上捕鱼谋生。)
41
a type of mammal
一种哺乳动物
Dolphins are a type of mammal that lives in the ocean.(海豚是生活在海洋中的一种哺乳动物。)
42
marine mammals
海洋哺乳动物(指生活在海洋中的哺乳动物)
Marine mammals like whales need to come up to breathe air.(鲸鱼等海洋哺乳动物需要浮出水面呼吸空气。)
43
protect jaguars
保护美洲豹
Jaguars are in danger, so we must protect them.(美洲豹正面临危险,我们必须保护它们。)
44
jaguar habitat
美洲豹栖息地(指美洲豹生活的环境)
Destroying forests is destroying the jaguar habitat.(毁林就是在破坏美洲豹的栖息地。)
45
survive on sth
靠……生存(指依赖某物维持生命)
Some animals survive on grass and leaves in winter.(有些动物冬天靠草和树叶生存。)
46
survive an accident
从事故中幸存
He was lucky to survive the car accident with only minor injuries.(他很幸运,在车祸中只受了轻伤就幸存下来。)
47
catch frogs
捉青蛙(指捕捉青蛙)
It is illegal to catch frogs in this nature reserve.(在这个自然保护区捉青蛙是违法的。)
48
frog eggs
青蛙卵(指青蛙的卵)
We can see frog eggs in the shallow water of the pond.(我们能在池塘的浅水区看到青蛙卵。)
49
A affects B, which in turn affects C
A影响B,B转而影响C(表连锁反应)
Cutting down trees affects birds, which in turn affects insect populations.(砍树影响鸟类,鸟类转而影响昆虫数量。)
50
kill insects
杀虫(指消灭昆虫)
Using too many pesticides to kill insects harms the environment.(使用过多杀虫剂杀虫会危害环境。)
51
insect pests
害虫(指危害农作物或环境的昆虫)
Farmers use natural methods to control insect pests.(农民用自然方法防治害虫。)
52
microorganism decomposition
微生物分解(指微生物将有机物分解的过程)
Microorganism decomposition helps turn dead plants into soil nutrients.(微生物分解帮助将枯死植物转化为土壤养分。)
53
beneficial microorganisms
有益微生物(指对环境或生物有益的微生物)
The soil contains many beneficial microorganisms that help plants grow.(土壤中含有很多帮助植物生长的有益微生物。)
54
break down food
分解食物(指消化过程中分解食物)
Our bodies break down food into energy and nutrients.(我们的身体将食物分解为能量和营养。)
55
break down barriers
打破障碍(指消除阻碍)
International cooperation can break down barriers to environmental protection.(国际合作能打破环保的障碍。)
56
absorb nutrients
吸收营养(指生物获取养分)
Plant roots absorb nutrients from the soil.(植物根系从土壤中吸收营养。)
57
soil nutrients
土壤养分(指土壤中的营养物质)
Watering too much can wash away soil nutrients.(浇水过多会冲走土壤养分。)
58
breathe life into a project
给项目注入活力(指让项目更有生机)
The new environmental plan breathed life into the old community.(新的环保计划给这个老旧社区注入了活力。)
59
carbon dioxide
二氧化碳(指一种气体)
Plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.(植物吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气。)
60
carbon emissions
碳排放(指释放二氧化碳等含碳气体)
We should reduce carbon emissions by using public transport.(我们应该通过乘坐公共交通减少碳排放。)
61
produce oxygen
产生氧气(指生物或过程释放氧气)
Forests are important because they produce oxygen for us to breathe.(森林很重要,因为它们产生我们呼吸所需的氧气。)
62
oxygen supply
氧气供应(指提供氧气的来源或量)
The oxygen supply in the sealed room is limited.(密封房间里的氧气供应是有限的。)
63
thus far
到目前为止
Thus far, we have planted over 10,000 trees in the area.(到目前为止,我们在这个地区已经种了一万多棵树。)
64
thus leading to
从而导致……(表结果)
Too much deforestation thus leads to soil erosion.(过多毁林从而导致水土流失。)
65
disappear from sth
从……消失(指从某地或某范围消失)
Many rare birds have disappeared from this wetland.(很多珍稀鸟类已经从这片湿地消失了。)
66
disappear forever
永远消失(指彻底灭绝或不再存在)
If we don’t protect them, these animals will disappear forever.(如果我们不保护它们,这些动物将永远消失。)
67
due to bad weather
由于坏天气
The outdoor activity was canceled due to bad weather.(由于坏天气,户外活动取消了。)
68
be due to sth
由某事引起(指原因)
The delay of the flight is due to heavy fog.(航班延误是由大雾引起的。)
69
modern agriculture
现代农业(指采用先进技术的农业)
Modern agriculture uses less land to produce more food.(现代农业用更少的土地生产更多的粮食。)
70
develop agriculture
发展农业(指提升农业水平)
The country is working to develop agriculture with new technology.(这个国家正努力用新技术发展农业。)
71
raise cattle
养牛(指饲养牛)
Farmers in this area raise cattle for milk and meat.(这个地区的农民养牛获取牛奶和肉。)
72
cattle farm
养牛场(指专门饲养牛的场地)
The cattle farm uses green grass to feed the cows.(这个养牛场用青草喂牛。)
73
have an impact on sth
对……有影响(指产生作用)
Human activities have a great impact on the global climate.(人类活动对全球气候有很大影响。)
74
negative impact
负面影响(指不利的作用)
Pollution has a negative impact on people’s health.(污染对人们的健康有负面影响。)
75
avoid extinction
避免灭绝(指防止物种消失)
Protecting their habitat helps avoid the extinction of these animals.(保护它们的栖息地有助于避免这些动物灭绝。)
76
mass extinction
大规模灭绝(指大量物种同时灭绝)
The dinosaurs died out in a mass extinction millions of years ago.(恐龙在数百万年前的一次大规模灭绝中消亡。)
77
do damage to sth
对……造成损害(与do harm to近义)
Floods do great damage to crops and houses.(洪水对农作物和房屋造成很大损害。)
78
repair damage
修复损害(指弥补损失或修复破坏)
It will take years to repair the damage caused by the oil spill.(修复漏油造成的损害需要数年时间。)
79
climate change
气候变化(指全球气候的长期变化)
Climate change has led to more extreme weather events.(气候变化导致了更多极端天气事件。)
80
local climate
当地气候(指特定地区的气候)
The local climate is suitable for growing tea.(当地气候适合种茶。)
81
build up strength
增强体力(指提升身体力量)
He exercises every day to build up his strength.(他每天锻炼以增强体力。)
82
build up pressure
逐渐增加压力(指压力慢慢积累)
Long-term work stress builds up pressure on the heart.(长期工作压力会给心脏逐渐增加压力。)
83
global warming
全球变暖(指地球平均气温上升的现象)
Global warming is one of the biggest environmental problems today.(全球变暖是当今最大的环境问题之一。)
84
global economy
全球经济(指世界范围内的经济体系)
Environmental protection is closely related to the global economy.(环保与全球经济密切相关。)
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