2026年中考英语一轮复习名词专题课件

名词 名词的定义:表示人、事物、地点、及其他抽象概念名称的词。 a girl flowers Shanghai 名词的定义 beauty 名词的分类 普通名词 专有名词 不可数名词 可数名词 个体名词 集体名词 物质名词 抽象名词 名词的分类 定义:普通名词表示一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名称。 I like fruit. Cats are very cute. 定义:专有名词主要指人名、地名、机构名、江河湖海名等事物特有的名称,首字母大写。 Harry Porter New York Christmas Association of Southeast Asian Nations 普通名词 可数名词 four books three apples 定义:表示可以计数的人、事物的名词。 个体名词 定义:单个人或单个事物的名词。 a girl a desk 可数名词的复数 books girls 规则变化 结论一:直接加s。 watches buses 结论二:以s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词加es。 babies countries 结论三:以辅音+y结尾的单词,将y改为i再加es。 knives shelves 结论四:① 以f或fe结尾的单词,将f或fe改为v再加es。 妻子(wife)提刀(knife)去砍狼(wolf), 小偷(thief)见了着了慌, 架子(shelf)底下躲自(self)命(life), 半片(half)树叶(leaf)遮目光。 roof roofs belief beliefs proof proofs chief chiefs 结论四:② 部分以f结尾的单词,直接加s。 tomatoes potatoes 结论五:① 黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿。加es。 heroes radios pianos 结论五:② 以“o”结尾的无生命的单词加s。 结论五:③ 某些以“o”结尾的名词加s或es都可。 zeros / zeroes mangos / mangoes 可数名词的复数 规则变化 结论一:直接加s。 结论二:以s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词加es。 结论三:以辅音+y结尾的单词,将y改为i再加es。 结论四:① 以f或fe结尾的单词,将f或fe改为v再加es。 ② 部分以f结尾的单词,直接加s。 结论五:① 黑人英雄像火山,爱吃土豆西红柿加es。 ② 以“o”结尾的无生命的单词加s。 不规则变化 deer —— deer sheep —— sheep fish —— fish 结论一:单复数同形。 means—— means man —— men tooth —— teeth 结论二:变内部元音。 mouse —— mice crisis—— crises child —— children ox —— oxen 结论三:词尾加en或ren。 phenomenon —— phenomena medium—— media 结论四:变词尾。 定义:表示一群人或一些事物的名词。 family police 集体名词 以单数形式出现,但实为复数。 All my family enjoy reading. My family is the biggest one in this town. 结论一:family、class、team作主语时,若视为整体,表示单数意义;若强调个体成员,表示复数意义。 结论二:police、cattle、 people作主语时谓语动词只能用原形。 The police are asking him questions. 只有复数形式的名词 结论:以上词及compasses, goods, scissors使用时以复数形式出现。 socks trousers glasses 只有复数形式的名词 结论:这类名词要表达具体数目时,需要借助量词,在量词后面加s。 two pairs of trousers 形式为复,意义为单的名词 maths news measles 结论:表示学科,疾病, 报刊杂志名称的单词及the United States,形式为复,意义为单。 The Arabian Nights is a very interesting storybook. They are Japanese. You are Swiss. 结论一:单复数同形。 We are Chinese. 表示国人的复数名词 Englishman —— Englishmen Frenchman —— Frenchmen 结论二:复合名词man改为men。 German —— Germans American —— Americans 结论三:非复合名词直接加s。 men doctors women teachers 结论一:由man和woman构成的复合名词两部分都要变为复数。 复合名词变复数 apple trees passers-by 结论二:有主体词,在主体词后加s。 grown-ups go-betweens 结论三:无主体词直接在后面加s。 I写出下列单词的复数形式 party _ flower _ day _ tomato _ bus _ student _ knife _ mouse _ photo _ woman _ tooth _ child _ watch _ Chinese _ German _ sheep _ Frenchman _ potato _ passer-by _ grown-up _ belief _ toy _ foot _ 练一练 parties flowers days tomatoes buses students knives mice photos women teeth children watches Chinese Germans sheep Frenchmen potatoes passers-by grown-ups beliefs toys feet a ten-mile walk a 200-page book 结论四:名词作定语用单数形式。 不可数名词 milk love 定义:不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词。 物质名词 定义:构成各种物体的物质或材料的名词。 water sand 常见物质名词 类别 例子 物质名词 气体类 gas, air, oxygen, Co2 液体类 water, milk, tea, beer, coffee,oil, juice 肉类 chicken, fish, pork, beef, mutton 固体类 bread, rice, glass, gold, dust 统称类 gas, food, money, meat, furniture, equipment 抽象名词 angry kindhearted 定义:表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词。 常见抽象名词 抽象名词 概念类 news, information, advice, homework, music, knowledge 自然现象类 weather, wind, snow, rain 不可数名词的数 a piece of news two bottles of water five bowls of rice three cups of tea nine glasses of beer four sets of furniture 结论:不可数名词表示数量时,可以添加量词。 IV 单选题 1. I found her sitting in the corner, reading _ newspaper, with _ in her eyes. a; tear B. a piece; tears C. a; tears D. a piece of; tear 2. The boys have got _ already. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 3. There is a _ of wood left on the ground. cup B. piece D. group D. pair 4. She broke _ while she was washing up. a glass of wine B. a glass for wine C. a glass wine D. a wine glass 5. You played the violin wonderfully. Will you please play another _? A. one B. game C. programme D. piece 练一练 修饰不可数名词的词 Would you like some water? I have little money. He spent a large amount of time on his research project. 结论:some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, much, little, a little, a great deal of, a small amount of等可以修饰不可数名词。 IV 单选题 1. _ new products have been successfully trial-produced. A great deal of B. A large amount of C. A plenty of D. A large number of 2. Ten years had passed. I found she had _. A. a few white hairs B. a little white hair C. some white hair D. more white hair 练一练 翻译下面的词组 一把剪刀_; 两辆火车 _; 三杯水 _; 四个人 _; 五只绵羊 _; 六片面包 _; 七匹马 _; 八碗米饭 _; 九瓶牛奶 _; 十张纸 _. 练一练 a pair of scissors two trains three glasses of water four persons five sheep six pieces of bread seven horses eight bowls of rice nine bottles of milk ten pieces of paper 可数 or 不可数? 不可数 可数 不可数 可数 glass玻璃 glasses眼镜 room 空间 rooms 房间 good 善行 goods 货物 work 工作 works 作品;工厂 beauty美丽 beauties美人 paper 纸张 papers报纸;论文;试卷 hair头发 hairs一根根颜色不同的头发 necessity必要性 necessities必需品 time 时间 times 次数;倍数 damage损坏/损失 damages赔偿金 可数 or 不可数? I often have _ (fish) for lunch. Let's go fishing. There are so many kinds of_ (fish) in the river. Would you like some more _(fruit) ? There are so many kinds of_ (fruit) in the greengrocery. His favourite_(food) is meat. There are so many kinds of_ (food) in the supermaket. 结论:泛指某一类事物时不可数,强调种类时可数。 fish fishes fruit fruits food foods The +姓氏复数 The Whites came to see me yesterday. The Johns are watching TV. 结论:the+姓氏复数表一家人或夫妇两人。 IV 单选题 1. _ hate traveling by train. A. Greens B. Green C. The Green D. The Greens 练一练 用所给名词的正确形式填空 1. She has blue _ (eye). 2. He has got short black _ (hair). 3. Could you give me some _ (money)? 4. I want to write a letter. I need a _ (pen) and some _ (paper). 5. The tour guide gave us some _ (information) about the city. 6. There are four _ (Japanese) and two _ (German) in the group. 7. We should clean our _ (tooth) twice a day. 8. The _ (teacher) meeting room is near the reading room. 练一练 eyes hair money pen paper information Japanese Germans teeth teachers’ 用所给名词的正确形式填空 9. They wrote most of their _ (business letter) in English. 10. These _ (woman doctor) were sent to the villages to help the farmers. 11. We came to a _ (watch) shop at last and went in. 12. I wonder why _ (people) are so interested in action movies. 13. This is my _ (sister) dictionary. 14. Jane gave me lots of useful _ (advice) on how to learn English, and I was very grateful to her. 15. _ (leaf) turn green in spring. 练一练 business letters women doctors watch people sister’s advice Leaves 名词后缀 名词后缀 -er / -or 表示“人或用具”,一般在以“t”结尾的词后加“-or” farmer, driver, cooker, container,actor, competitor, conductor, creator, director, editor, translator, sailor, visitor -ese 表示“某国人” Chinese, Japanese -ian 表示“某国、某地人;精通……的人” musician, Asian, Russian, magician, librarian, historian -ist 表示“某种主义或宗教的信仰者,某学科的研究者,某乐器的演奏者,某工作的从事者” socialist, Buddhist, physicist, scientist, pianist, guitarist,violinist -ess 表示“女性,雌性” hostess, actress, princess, waitress, goddess -ment 表示“做某事的动作、原因,手段,结果 ” agreement, judg(e)ment, movement, achievement 53 -ness 表示“性质,状态,程度” illness, sadness, carelessness, fairness, happiness, kindness, weakness,awareness -ion /-ation/ / -sion 表示“行为,状态,结果” discussion, expression, preparation, expectation, consideration,decision, conclusion, permission -ance/ -ence表示“动作、性质、状态” appearance, entrance, guidance, importance,confidence, dependence, existence -th表示“性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth, strength, growth, length, breadth -ful表示“充满……所需的量” handful, spoonful, mouthful 54 -ity / -ty / -(a)bility表示“具有某种特性的状态;具有某种特性的事物” activity, creativity, equality, nationality, personality, possibility -al表示“动作、过程、状态” arrival, refusal, denial -y / - ry表示“行为,性质,状况” difficulty, honesty, bravery (adj.+y=n.) delivery, discovery (v.+y=n.) -dom表示“处于……状态;性质” freedom, wisdom -age表示“状态,行为,身份及其结果” storage, marriage, shortage, usage -ure / -ture 表示 “动作,状态”failure, pressure, mixture 55 词形转换 able adj. 有能力的,能够的 _ n. 能力,才能 act v. 扮演;表演; _ n. 行动 _ adj. 积极的,主动的 agree v. 同意 _ n. 同意 art n. 艺术 _ n. 艺术家 _ adj. 艺术的 begin v. 开始 _ n. 开始,开端 attract v. 吸引 _ n. 吸引力;吸引物 _ adj. 有吸引力的 enter v. 进入;参加 _ n. 入口 fail v. 失败 _ n. 失败 warm adj.温暖的 _ n. 温暖 press v. 压 _ n.压力 练一练 ability action active agreement artist artistic beginning attraction attractive entrance failure warmth pressure 名词所有格 The theme of this lecture Mary's book 定义:表示名词之间的所有关系,有‘s和of两种形式。 The children's school is beautiful. 结论一:直接在词尾加's。 The boy's schoolbag is yellow. 表示有生命的所属关系 The teachers' office is tidy 结论二:s结尾的名词加'。 Jenny and Helen's room 结论三:两人共有,则后一个人名用所有格;分别所有,则两个名词都用所有格,且其后名词应为复数。 Jenny's and Helen's rooms ten minutes' walk China's future 结论四:表示时间、距离、国家、城市、度量衡、价值等无生命的所有格,也可以在词尾加's或'。 the baker’s the Smith’s 结论五:the+职业/姓氏/称呼‘s,表示某类店铺或某某家。 表示无生命的所属关系 The legs of the table are short. The key to the door is silver. 结论:用A of B或A to B结构表示无生命的所有格。 有生命的名词用of的情况 The portrait of her father, William Smith Do you know the name of the teacher standing over there? 结论二:名词后有后置定语时 结论一:名词较长时 They have the support of the people of the developing countries. 有生命的所有格变化规则 结论一:直接在词尾加's。 结论二:s结尾的名词加'。 结论三:两人共有,则后一个人名用所有格;分别所有,则两个名词都用所有格,且其后名词应为复数。 结论四:表示时间、距离、国家、城市、度量衡、价值等无生命的所有格,也可以在词尾加's或'。 结论五:the+职业/姓氏/称呼‘s,表示某类店铺或某某家。 无生命的所有格变化规则 结论:用A of B或A to B结构表示无生命的所有格。 双重属格 定义:即“of+名词所有格”。 a friend of John's Some inventions of Edison's my mother's a student yours two books Frank's some pencils a student of my mother's two books of yours some pencils of Frank's 结论一、名词前有冠词、某些不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词、数词等时,用双重属格,表......中的多少。 结论二、“of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物。 注意:比较以下两者之间的区别 a portrait of Mr. Brown’s 布朗先生的一幅画像 a portrait of Mr. Brown 布朗先生的肖像 (指布朗先生所收藏的一幅画像,画像不一定是布朗本人) (指画中画的是布朗先生) 1. This is _ room. The twin sisters like it very much. Lucy’s and Lily’s B. Lucy’s and Lily C. Lucy and Lily’s D. Lucy and Lily 2. Billy and I are good friends. I have _. Look at this one; how sweet he is smiling! some pictures of Billy’ B. some picture of Billy C. some Billy’s pictures D. some pictures of Billy 3. The post card is sent by _. a friend of my father B. a friend of my father’s C. my father friend D. my father friend’s 练一练 名词的句法功能 Time flies like an arrow. He is reading a book. I am a teacher. Let’s go to the book store! The old man called my uncle Xiao Li. He was elected Monitor of our class. You, boys, sit down. 名词在句中可作:主,宾,表,定,状,补,同位语。 (time作主语) (book作宾语) (teacher作表语) (book作定语) (Xiao Li作宾语补语) (Monitor作主语补语) (boys做同位语) THANKS $