2025年中考英语一轮复习--情态动词、动词短语

专题七 情态动词、动词短语 【考点一、动词的基本形式】 动词有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、现在分词、过去分词。 【考点二、系动词】 系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和表语在一起构成系表结构，说明主语的状态、性质、 特征或身份。系动词没有被动语态。常见系动词： （1） be 动词: am,is,are e.g He is strong （2） 感官动词：look,sound,smell,feel,taste e.g This kind of cloth feels soft. （3） 保持类：keep, remain, stay e.g You must keep healthy. （4） “变化”类：go,get,grow,turn,become e.g Her faces turns red. （5） “表象”类：seem,appear e.g Mr.Wang seems very angry. （6） “终止”类：prove,turn out e.g The party turned out to be very successful. 【考点三、及物，不及物动词】 1. 及物动词：本身意义不完整，需接宾语才能使其意思完整。 （1） 动词+宾语 I like this book . （2） 动词+宾语+宾补 We call the bird Polly. （3） 动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 Please pass me the salt. 常见的带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,offer,pass,teach,tell 等。 2. 不及物动词：本身意义完整，不必接宾语。 Horses run fast. （1） 有些动词既及物又不及物。We study English./ We study hard. （2） 有些动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语，相当于及物动词。 ①动词+介词 Listen to the teacher carefully. ②动词+副词+介词 He gets along well with his classmates. 【考点四、助动词】 助动词本身无意义或意义不完整， 不能单独作谓语， 它必须和别的动词连用， 常见的助动词有： be,have,has,had,do,does,did,will,shall 等。 （1）助动词 be(am,is,are,was,were) ①助动词 be+现在分词，构成进行时。She is watching TV. ②助动词 be+过去分词，构成被动语态。 English is spoken in many countries. ③助动词 have/has/had+过去分词形式，构成完成时。We have studied English for three years. （2） 助动词 do/does/did 用于构成疑问句和否定句，用于倒装句，加强说话的语气及代替前面刚🎧现的动词等。 e.g —Do you live in China? —Yes,I do. Only then did I realize I was wrong. （3） 助动词 will/would 和 shall/should 用于构成将来时。（shall 多用于第一人称，will 用于各种人称） e.g There will be a football match this evening. I shall be sixteen years old next birthday. 【考点五、情态动词】情态动词的特点： 1. 情态动词有一定的词义。 2. 情态动词不能单独做谓语，它必须和其他动词的原形一起构成谓语。情态动词 用法 例句 can (1) 表示能力，意为“能，会”可与 be able to 转 换 Can you play basketball? (2) 表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑 问句。can’t 一定不，不可能 He can’t be in the classroom.I saw him in the playground just now. (3)表示许可，意为“可以” Can I come in? Could (1) can 的过去式，表示过去的能力 I could swim when I was ten years old. (2)在疑问句中表示委婉请求或征求允许时，肯定回 答用 can,否定回答用 can’t ----Could I come to see you tomorrow? --- Yes, you can. / No, I’m afraid you can’t. may/might (1) 表示推测，意为“可能，或许”，用于肯定句;might 比 may 语气弱 He may come tomorrow. =Maybe he will come tomorrow. (2) 表示请求、许可，用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时，否定回答用 mustn’t 或 can’t，意为“禁止， 不许”；might 语气更委婉 May I take this book out of the room? ---- Yes, you may. --- No, you can’t / mustn’t. (3) 表示祝愿 May you success! must (1) 表示“必须” Everybody must obey traffic rules. (2) 表示推测，意为“一定”，一般用于肯定句 ----There’s someone knocking at the door. ----It must be Jim. (3) mustn’t 表“禁止，不许可”“不准” You mustn’t smoke in the library. You mustn’t take photos in the museum. (4) 以must 开头的疑问句，肯定回答用 must,否定回答用 needn’t=don’t have to，意为“不需要，不必”， 而不能用 mustn’t —Must I finish the project today? —Yes,youmust. —No,youneedn’t./you don’t have to. need 情态动词 1) 表示需要，主要用于否定句和疑问句中， 其否定形式为 needn’t，意为“不需要，不必” You needn’t come so early. 2) 在回答need 的提问时，肯定回答为 must， 否定回答为 needn’t 或 don’t have to —Need I stay here any longer? —Yes, you must . —No. you needn’t /don’t have to. 实义动词 3）作实义动词时有人称、数和时态的变化， 如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式 He needs to learn more about the world. 4）物作主语时，主动表被动;sth. need doing/ to be done Your car needs repairing. = Your car needs to be repaired. had better+ 动词原形 “had better+动词原形”表示最好做某事，否定式为“had better not do” It’ s raining heavily.You’d better stay at home. You’d better not go out alone at night. （1） shall 用于第一人称表示提出或征求意见 （2） 用于第二和第三人称时，表示警告，命令，允 Shall I open the window? You shall hand in your papers when the bell 情态动词没有人称，数的变化。 shall/should, will/would 诺等 rings. （2）should 表示义务、责任、劝告或建议 We should obey the traffic rules. （3）will 用于第二人称表示询问，请求，也可以表达现在的“意愿” Will you pass me the book? Would you please not open the window?It’s very windy. （4）would 用来表示过去的意愿或委婉询问 Would you tell me the way to the station? 【巩固练习】 （一）系动词、助动词 1.---I often listen to the song Rainbow. So do I. It beautiful. A. feels B. smells C. sounds D. looks 2. I called you, but nobody answered. Where you ? A. is B. are C. was D. were 3 Mom, when can I go out to play football ? ----Finish your homework, or I let you go out. A. don’t B. didn’t C. won’t D. haven’t 4. If you go to see the movie this evening, so I. A. do B. am C. will D. should 5. The food here smells good, but what does it like? A. taste B. touch C. seem D. feel 6 Excuse me, have you got an eraser ? ---Sorry, I haven’t. Why you ask Mary ? Perhaps she’s got one . A. do B. don’t C. did D. didn’t 7. – Physics more difficult than Chinese, do you think so? -- Yes, I think so. A. is B. are C. has D. have 8. – Do you know who cleaned the blackboard, Tina? -- Yes. John . A. do B. does C. did D. done 9. Look! There a photo of our English teacher in today’s newspaper! A. is B. are C. have D. has 10.﹣Why didn't Peter his homework？ ﹣He said he had lost his workbook．I think it's an excuse． A．does B．doingC．do D．did （二）情态动词 1.(2024 扬州，7) Protect your hearing. Don’t wait until you hear a thing. A. could B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t 2. (2023 泰州，2) I often see the sign in schools. What does it mean? ----Students bring mobile phones to school. A. needn’t B. can’t C. couldn’t D. wouldn’t 3. (202 南通，6) Must I return this book before this Friday, sir? ---- No, you , dear. You can keep it for two weeks. A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t 28 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 A. might B. may C. can D. must 5. (2024 连云港， 6) If we don’t protect nature, some wildlife die out in the future. A. need B. may C. can’t D. shouldn’t 6. (2024 淮安，7) You smoke here! Look at the sign. It says “No smoking”. A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can D. may 7. (2024 河北) Do I have to hand in my report now? ---- Of course, you We’re going to discuss it. A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t 8. (2024 扬州江都一模) Can children under the age of 12 go to school by the electrical bicycle themselves in Yangzhou? ---- No, according to the law, they . A. may not B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t 9. (2024 无锡梁溪一模) Hey, I am not saying that you follow my advice. But there’s no other way, I think. A. mustn’t B. may not C. must D. may 10. (2024 盐城一模) You pay too much attention to your pronunciation, as it is so important in the oral（口头的）test. A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. needn’t 11. (2024 扬州仪征一模) You have finished most of the work, so you start working so early tomorrow. A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 12. (2023 镇江模拟) It seems that the alpaca（羊驼） help scientists find a vaccine（疫苗）for the virus. A. must B. might C. should D. need 13. (2024 天津) The book be Mary’s. We can see her name on it. A. need B. must C. can’t D. needn’t 14. (2024 南京鼓楼一模) Sam, what topic will you choose for your speech? ---- I choose “ Technology in Life”. I’ll ask Miss Li for advice and make a decision. A. must B. may C. would D. should 15. (2024 扬州邗江一模) You think there is nothing but sand in the desert of the world, but it is not true. A. may B. should C. need D. shall 16. (2024 苏州张家港适应性考试) Children under one metre in height pay for bus tickets, but they should take the bus with an adult. A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 17. (2024 泰州海陵阶段检测) Would you please help me look for the old suitcase? I can’t find it. ---- I’m not sure, but it be thrown away. It must be somewhere in the house. A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. needn’t 18. (2024 常州一模) I hear he has given up his project. ---- It be true. As far as I know, he’s a strong-minded person. A. can’t B. can C. mustn’t D. may 19. (2023 徐州一模) Mum, why do I have to wash hands so many times a day? ---- For your health, you be too careful. A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t 29 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $