2025年译林版九年级中考英语一轮复习 动词时态语态非谓语讲义

专题八、动词时态语态非谓语 时态 构成 例句 一般现在时 work/works I work every day. 一般过去时 worked I worked yesterday. 一般将来时 will/shall work is/am/are going to work I will work tomorrow. I am going to work tomorrow. 现在进行时 is/am/are working She is working now. 过去进行时 was/were working They were working at that time. 现在完成时 have/has worked He has worked for 2 hours. 1. 一般现在时 Simple present tense 应用 1.表事物（或人）的特征、状态，eg. He has three sisters. 2.表经常性或习惯性的动作, eg. Bob goes shopping once a month. 3.表客观真理、客观存在等，eg. The moon goes around the earth. 注意 当主语是三人称单数时，谓语动词要用三人称单数形式，即在动词原形后加-s 或-es。 三单构成规则 1.大多数动词在词尾加 s，如：read－reads 2.辅音字母+y 结尾，改 y 为 i 再加 es，如：study-studies cry-cries fly-flies 元音字母+y 结尾，直接加 s，如：play-plays enjoy-enjoys 3.以“s, x, ch, sh,o”结尾的，在词尾加“es”, 如：cross-crosses fix-fixes watch－watches wash-washes do-does 4.特殊：1) be 动词包括：am， is， are 第三人称单数为 is 2) have -has 标志词 always、usually、often、sometimes、every day、on Sundays 等。 2. 一般过去时 Simple past tense 应用 表示事物（或人）在过去的特征、状态，eg: I was a teacher last year. 表示过去的动作，eg: I watched TV last night. 过去式构成规则 规则变化 1.大多数动词在词尾加 ed，如：want－wanted 2.以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，直接加 d，如：hope-hoped live-lived 3.辅音字母+y 结尾，改 y 为 i 再加 es，如：study-studied cry-cried 4.重读辅元辅结尾需双写最后一个辅音字母再加 ed，如：stop-stopped plan-planned 不规则变 化 am(is)-was are-were go-went do-did put-put cut-cut hurt-hurt cost-cost eat-ate swim-swam buy-bought see-saw lose-lost teach-taught bring-brought think-thought fall-fell hurt-hurt break-broke win-won 标志词 the other day last night yesterday some years ago at the age of in 1878 in the past just now on that day once upon a time 3. 一般将来时 Simple future tense 应用 表示将来计划、准备、打算做某事。 结构 will/shall＋do（ 动词原形）（will 可用于所有人称，shall 只用于一人称 I/we） be going to＋do（动词原形）（be--am/is/are 根据主语的变化而变化） 标志词 tonight tomorrow the day after tomorrow this afternoon next week in two years three days later in 2024 soon 注意 1.go, come ,leave, stay, start, begin 等少数表位移的词，用现在进行时表将来。 I am coming. I am leaving for Beijing soon. 2.由 if/ when/as soon as 等引导的时间和条件状语从句，当主句是一般将来时， 从句用一般现在时表将来。（主将从现） I will call you as soon as I get to school. 3.there be 的一般将来时 There will be… / There is/are going to be… 4. 现在进行时 Present continuous tense 应用 1） 表示（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。 2） 也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 构成 be (am/ is/ are)＋v-ing （动词的现在分词） 现在分词构成规则 1.一般情况下直接在动词后面加 ing read—reading sleep---sleeping 2.以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词,去掉字母 e 再加 ing come---coming make---making 3.以重读辅元辅结尾，双写末尾的辅音字母再加 ing，如： stop—stopping sit—sitting run—running begin—beginning cut—cutting get--getting swim--swimming dig--digging 标志词 now, Look! Listen! these days, at this time，at present/at the moment 5. 过去进行时 Past continuous tense 构成 was/were+ doing 应用 表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作 标志词 then, at that time, at this time yesterday, at 8:00 yesterday morning, all night 及 when/while 用法区别 When ①既指时间点，也可指时间段；后可接终止性动词，也可接延续性动词 ②从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生 ③when 后一般接过去式：When the teacher came in, we were talking. ④表“突然”：I was having my dinner when there was a sudden knock at the door. While ①后接延续性动词 ②从句的动作和主句的动作是同时发生 ③while 后一般接进行时：While we were talking, the teacher came in. ④表“然而”：Mother was cooking ,while father was watching TV . 35 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 6. 现在完成时 Present perfect tense 应用 表示过去发生或者已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 Eddie has just eaten Hobo’s food. (Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.) 表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 I have lived in Changsha for 3 years. 谈论某个动作到现在为止发生的次数。 I have already read this book many times. 构成 have/has+过去分词 标志词 already（“已经”，用于肯定句); yet（“已经”，用于疑问句；“还”，用于否定句） ever（曾经); never（从没); for(+时间段) ; since ( +时间点/…ago/从句) 以动作发生的次数为标志，比如 twice, three times。 以 so far, in the last/past few years, recently 为标志 “终止”、“延续”的转换 动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种。当现在完成时与一段时间连用时，应将非 延续性动词转换为延续性动词。 《猫》已经开演半个小时 了。 “Cats” has begun for half an hour. × “Cats” has been on for half an hour. √ “Cats” has begun. √ 这本字典你买 了多久了? How long have you bought this dictionary? × How long have you had this dictionary? √ 常见短暂性动词与其对应的延续性动词 1.动词 动词 buy have borrow keep put on wear catch a cold have a cold become be 2.用“be＋形容词” 代替 marry be married fall ill be ill fall asleep be asleep wake up be awake die be dead open be open close be closed 3.用“be＋副词”代替 start/begin be on get up be up go out be out leave be away finish be over join be a member/be in $