2026年中考英语一轮复习 讲义 形容词副词

该初中英语讲义聚焦形容词、副词专题，覆盖中考核心考点：基本用法（定语、表语、句型）、比较级最高级变化规则（规则/不规则）、用法（原级/比较级/最高级句型）及易混词辨析，构建“语法总览-考点细化-巩固练习”复习体系，通过句型归纳、变化表梳理、真题讲解突破难点，体现系统性与针对性。 亮点在于“规则+实例”教学策略，如考点二设计不规则变化表填写活动，结合“好坏多少老远”口诀强化记忆，培养语言能力；考点三通过“China与亚洲/非洲国家比较”实例辨析比较级范围，提升思维品质。巩固练习分单选基础与填空提升，配合即时核对机制，助力学生高效掌握考点，教师可依此精准调控复习进度，实现实战突破。

专题六 形容词、副词 · 掌握：形容词和副词的基本用法；原级、比较级和最高级的变化及句型； · 熟悉：常见的形容词和副词的意思及搭配。 【语法总览】 形容词（adjective）是用来描写或修饰名词和代词的一类词，说明人或物的性质、特征或状态。 副词（adverb）是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，表示 时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。在句子中主要做状语。副词可分为：时间和频率副词、地点副词、方式 副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词、表顺序的副词、常用于完成时的副词。 【考点一、形容词和副词的基本用法】 一、形容词的用法 1. 形容词＋名词，形容词作定语。如： 例：a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩 注意：“基数词-名词-形容词”可构成复合形容词，复合形容词中的名词用单数形式，而且这个复合形容词放在被修饰的名词前。 例：an 8-year-old boy 一个八岁的小男孩 2. 不定代词＋形容词，形容词作后置定语。如： 例：something new 一些新的东西 3. the＋形容词，表示一类人或物。如： 例：the rich, the poor, the old, the young, the sick 4. 放在系动词后面，常见动词有：look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become, get, grow, turn, keep, stay, seem, appear, remain 例：The meat tastes delicious. 这肉吃起来很美味。 5. 重点句型 句型 1：It is ＋形容词＋ (for / of sb.) ＋ to do sth 做某事是……的例 1：It's useful to learn a foreign language. (用介词“for”，表示动词不定式与形容词有主谓关系。意为“某事是...的”。此类形容词有 easy, difficult, important, safe, dangerous 等。) 例 2：It's clever of him to work out the problem. (用介词“of”，表示 of 后面的名词或代词与形容词有主谓关系。意为“某人是...的。”此类形容词有 kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful) 句型 2：think/consider/make/find it ＋形容词＋ to do sth 例如：He found it difficult to finish the work by himself. ：How + adj./adv.! / What + (a/an) + adj. +n.!句型 3 句型 4 句型 5 ：be (not) as + adj. +as ... ：be too + adj. + to do / be adj. + enough to do 6. 形容词和副词的关系： ①大部分形容词，直接加-ly 构成副词，如：quickly ②以 y 结尾，去 y 变 ily 构成副词，如：luckily, easily, happily ③以 le 结尾，去 le 变 ly 构成副词，如：terribly, comfortably, simply, possibly, probably ④不规则变化，如：true 变为 truly ⑤部分单词既可作形容词，也可作副词，如：early, late, fast, high, far, long, near, hard, straight, wide, little, much (但以-ly 结尾的并不一定是副词，如 friendly, lovely, lonely, lively, daily, brotherly, ugly 仍为形容词) 二、副词的用法 1. 副词的位置：多数在被修饰动词后或整个动宾短语之后； 频度副词常置于行为动词之前，Sometimes/often 可置于句首、句中或句末； 修饰整句的副词通常位于居首； 如遇情态动词、助动词和 be 动词，常置于之后及其它动词之前。例：Shepractiseshard, so she speaks English well. I usually get up early. I have already eaten my breakfast. Suddenly, a strong wind came from behind. 2. 程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词前面，但 enough 作副词时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例：He runs very fast. 他跑得很快。 He didn't work hard enough. 他工作不够努力。 3. 动词和副词（如 on, off, up, down, in, out, over 等）构成的短语动词, 宾语为名词时，放在副词前后皆可;若宾语为代词, 则一定要放在动词与副词之间。 例：look it up, put it off, turn it down，it 要放中间 I’d like to take off my coat. It’s so hot here. You’d better try it on, or you won’t know whether it’s small or not. 【考点二、形容词和副词比较级、最高级的变化规则】 绝大多数形容词都有三级变化：原级、比较级和最高级，用以表示其说明的性质在程度上的不同。 一、规则变化表：构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和部分双音节词 一般在词尾加-er 或-est tall short taller shorter tallest shortest 以 e 结尾的词加-r 或-st fine late finer later finest latest 以重读闭音节结尾的词，双写末 尾辅音字母，再加-er 或-est big thin bigger thinner biggest thinnest 以辅音字母+y 结尾的词，改 y 为 i 再加-er 或-est easy early easier earlier easiest earliest 多音节词和部 分双音节词 在词前加 more 或 most beautiful tired more beautiful more tired most beautiful most tired 二、不规则变化表（好坏多少老远）,填写下表 原级 比较级 最高级 good, well bad, badly, ill many, much little old older, elder oldest, eldest far 【考点三、原级、比较级和最高级的用法】 一、原级的用法： 1. 表示 A 与 B 一样时：A + 动词 + as + 原级 + as B 例如：Joe is as tall as Tim. He runs as fast as his brother. 2. 表示 A 不如 B 时：A + 动词 + not + so (as) + 原级 + as B 例如：Joe is not so (as) tall as Tim. He doesn’t run so (as) fast as his brother. 3. 某些固定用法：四会：as soon as 一…就…as +原级+ as possible 尽可能…，as good as 和...一样，几乎其它：as long as 只要，as far as I know 据我所知 二、比较级的用法： 1. 表示 A 比 B 更加…时：A + 动词 + 比较级 + than B 例如：Joe is taller than Tim. He runs faster than his brother. 2. 难点：比较对象所处范围的同一性对于比较对象修饰词的影响。 · 在同一范围中时：A is + 比较级 + than any other +单数可数名词 + 同一范围 =the other +复数可数名词 · 在不同范围中时：A is + 比较级 + than any + 单数可数名词 + 不同范围例如： China is larger than any other country in Asia. = China is larger than the other countries in Asia. = China is larger than any country in Africa. 3. “比较级 + and + 比较级”表示“越来越…” 例如：bigger and bigger more and more beautiful 4. “the + 比较级，the + 比较级”表示“越…，就越…” 例如：The more you eat, the fatter you will become. The more exercises you do, the better grades you will get. 三、最高级的用法 1. 三者或三者以上的最高级：A + 动词 + the + 最高级 + 比较范围例如：Shanghai is the largest city in China. She is the tallest among her three sisters. This car is the most expensive one of the three. 2. 表示“最……之一”时：one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数例如：This is one of the most wonderful movies in the world. He is one of the best teachers in our school. 3. 表示“第几个最……”时：the + 序数词 + 最高级 + 名词单数例如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 4. 表示“某物是某人所经历过最……的”意思时：主语 + the + 高级 + sb. have ever done 例如：He is the most handsome guy I have ever seen. This is the best place I have ever been to. 5. Which/ who is + the +最高级， A，B or C. 例如：Which is the most beautiful city, Beijing, Guangzhou or Shanghai? （注意：①比较级前可以用“much, even, far, a little, a bit, a lot”,来修饰例如：Why not get up a little earlier than yesterday? You are much taller than me. Learning is a lot more important than watching TV. ②只有同类事物才能比较：The weather here is hotter than that of Beijing. ③比较级前在跟“of the two”结构时要用“the + 比较级”：He is the taller of the two. ④最高级前面有物主代词修饰时不用 the：He is my best friend. ⑤副词最高级一般不加定冠词 the. 如：Lin Tao runs fastest of all. 【考点四、易混词辨析】 一、加上-ly 后意义不同（异形异义） 类别 例词 例句 （一）与形容词同形的副词表示具体意义，加-ly 的副词则表示抽象概念。 1、close：接近的（指距离） Come close, I want to tell you something important. closely：仔细地，密切地 The policeman followed the strange man closely. Hepburn worked closely with UNICEF to help children. 2、deep：深的（指实际深度） The pool is too deep for me to swim. deeply：深刻地，深入地 I am deeply grateful to you. 3、wide：宽阔的 He has a wide knowledge of painting and music. widely：广泛地 We were widely different on many questions. 4、high：高的 The price of the shirt is so high. highly：高度地 The teacher spoke highly of the student. （二）意义不同的两种副词形式 1、free：免费地 Children under five usually travel free on buses. freely：自由地 You may speak freely. 你可以直言。 2、near：邻近 National Day is drawing near. nearly：几乎 The boy nearly fell into the river. 3、hard：努力地，猛烈地 We should study hard as students. hardly：几乎不 I can hardly catch you, can you walk slowly? 二、词汇和短语辨析 1. alone 和 lonely 2. good 和 well 3. interesting 和 interested 4. much too, too much 和 too many 5. sometime, some time, sometimes, some times 6. too, also, either, as well 7. how often, how long, how soon, how far (1) how long “多久”，对持续的时间段提问，常用“for+段时间”和“since+点时间”回答。例如：— How long have you lived in Beijing? — For ten years. (2) how soon “多久以后”，对短暂性动词提问，用于一般将来时的句子中，常用“in+ 一段时间”回答。例如：—How soon will your father come back? —He will come back in a week. (3) How often“多久一次”，对频度提问，常用“never, once/twice/three times a week, every two months”回答。例如：— How often do you play football? — Once a week. (4) How far“多远”，对距离提问。 例如：— How far is it from here to your home? — Only 200 meters away. 8. so 和 such 的区别 so , such“如此”，常用于“so(such)…that…”结构，表“如此……以致于”，so 修饰形容词或副词，such 修饰名词。常见结构为： ① so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数。例如：She is so nice a girl that everybody likes her. ② such+ a/an+形容词+可数名词单数。例如：She is such a nice girl that everybody likes her. ③ such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词。例如：They are such nice girls that everybody likes them. It was such fine weather yesterday that we went swimming. 例外：当名词前出现 many, much, few, little(少的)时，不能用 such，要用 so。 There are so few people that I feel scared. There was so little water that it was not enough for all of us. 【巩固练习】 一、单项选择。 1. The football match was really fantastic, when Smith scored in the last minute. A. probably B. exactly C. especially D. mostly 2. —I think I will recommend David as the chairperson of the club because he is . —I quite agree with you. He is always willing to share his things with others. A. practical B. active C. generous D. energetic 3. Nobody is as as Sandy, so we all like to be friends with her. A. politely B. carefully C. likely D. friendly 4. Today it’s normal for married women to go out for work, but it was in the past. A. common B. more common C. less common D. the most common 5. —The skirt in that shop is so nice but too expensive. —You can shop online. Its price must be much in www.taobao.com. A. lower B. higher C. nicer D. cheaper 6. —How is your grandmother? Does she still feel bad? —Thanks to the doctor, she feels much now. A. well B. bad C. better D. worse 7. —I hear you read English in the morning. It’s really a good habit. —My teacher encourages us to do so every day. A. never B. seldom C. sometimes D. always 8. My teacher asked my father to go to his office just now and I am really to know what my teacher may say to him. A. classical B. curious C. crowded D. creative 9. Chinese women’s football team members worked and won the Asian Cup. A. widely B. closely C. hardly D. simply 10. —How do you like the apple pie I made yesterday? —Great! It’s one I have ever had. A. delicious B. the least delicious C. more delicious D. the most delicious 11. —I could believe my eyes when I came to Nanjing last year. —Yes. Great changes have taken place in the past few years. A. hard B. hardly C. almost D. nearly 12. On April 16th, astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu came back to Earth from the Tiangong space station. A. widely B. especially C. highly D. safely 13. Kevin was late for school this morning. The bell rang right after he walked into the classroom. A. usually B. already C. really D. nearly 14. —I really can’t believe such a learned man has made so silly a mistake. —Don't you know sense is worth more than knowledge? A. general B. unusual C. special D. common 15. — The entrance exam for high school is just around the corner! — Yes, our teacher often tells us we can’t be careful while taking exams. A. too B. very C. quite D. so 16. —What do you think of Jerry’s advice on how to remember English words? —Very . I would try it. A. expensive B. practical C. natural D. strange 17. — is it from the New Town to the old city centre? · Less than 30 minutes by underground. A. How far B. How often C. How long D. How much 18. The model Sydney Opera House looks the real one in Australia. A. as wonderful as B. as wonderfully as C. so wonderful as D. so wonderfully as 19. —Jack, you look worried. What happened? —I forgot Mr. John’s project and I’m afraid he’ll be very angry. A. successfully B. completely C. smoothly D. peacefully 20. —What do you think of those doctors in Wuhan? —How brave they are! They have tried their best to keep patients . A. live B. alive C. living D. lively 21. Jogging is than many other sports--to start, just get some comfortable sports clothes and good running shoes. A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest 22. Many of the older buildings in our city now look beautiful because workers have made them look as good as new. A. carelessly B. hardly C. nervously D. carefully 23. —Billy has made great progress in his Maths. —Exactly. He doesn’t do his homework so as he used to be. A. wisely B. patiently C. correctly D. carelessly 24. — What should we take when going birdwatching? · You’d better take a pair of binoculars which will help you see more . A. quietly B. clearly C. politely D. seriously 25. The boy used to be shy, but now he is getting more and willing to take part in school activities. A. active B. curious C. creative D. friendly 26. —How was your job interview yesterday? —Oh, it couldn’t be . I could hardly answer most of the questions they asked. A. better B. easier C. worse D. happier 27. —Could you tell me how to work out this maths problem? —Sorry. I can’t remember what Miss Wang told us. A. exactly B. correctly C. really D. properly 28. When you bump into someone, a “sorry” is always . A. amazing B. necessary C. generous D. hopeful 29. —My mother’s birthday is coming, but I don’t have enough money to buy a gift for her. —The gift doesn’t have to be expensive. If it is full of your true love, it will be liked by her. A. properly B. certainly C. hardly D. specially 30. Last night the big fire in Sunshine Shopping Mall was started by the children playing with matches. , no one was hurt. A. Luckily B. Suddenly C. Easily D. Sadly 二、根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. AlthoughIdid ______(bad)ofall inthatexam,I gotthemostvaluablelessonfromit. 2. Asking questions is one of the ______(easy)ways to lead you to active learning. 3. I hope my robot will be able to do the things______(proper) according to my orders. 4. It is ______(correct) for the Japanese government to turn away from the facts in the war. 5. It was ______(possible) for anyone to get in because the door was locked. 6. How ______ (care) you are! You’ve knocked the cup off the table again! 7. Christmas is one of the most important festivals in ______ (west) countries. 8. You can search the website for______ (far) information about the competition. 9. “Girls, which would you like to choose, a man with a healthy mind or from a ______(wealth) family?” Meng Fei often asks. 10. After a night’s rain, the mountains are much greener and the air is much ______(fresh). 11. Granny is seventy years old now and she is a little ______ (forget). 12. My mother often goes dancing, and she has become much ______ (healthy) than she used to be. 13. What a mess! I ______(simple) couldn’t believe my eyes. 14. Because of the new strict traffic laws, it’s____________ (difficult) to get the driving license than before. 15.This network program based on cloud provides ______(value) information. 16. The ______(last) peace and the common prosperity are two common wishes. 17. I hope to enter my dream high school ______ (succeed) through my hard work. 18. It’s necessary for teenagers to learn how to spend their pocket money______(wise). 19. Thewealthymanwasfound ______(die)inhishousebyawitness. 20. In my family, dad is the strongest, mum is the ______(slim) and I am the cutest. 21. She is ______(possible) the smartest student in this school. 22. The news that Beijing is bidding for 2022 Winter Olympics makes us ______(excite). 23. —You look tired, Betty. What’s wrong? —I didn’t sleep well and stayed ______(wake) until the early morning. 24. —What are you thinking about, May? —I’m trying to understand the ______(hide) meaning behind his words. 25. It’s so ______(cloud)! We should go home right now. 26. As we all know, the weather in South-west China is ______(dry) than any other time in history. 27. Check the answer on the Internet if you are ______(sure) about it. 28. The weather report says it will be ______(rain) for two more days, and then the sun will come out on Tuesday. 29. The Milu deer live ______(comfortable) and freely in Dafeng Nature Reserve. 30. The ______(France) writer Victor Hugo wrote some famous novels. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $