Unit6 Great minds. 同步词汇笔记2025-2026学年沪外教版(2024) 八年级英语上册
2025-09-10
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摘要:
该初中英语UNIT 6“Great minds”同步词汇笔记,全面梳理单元核心词汇,涵盖人物称谓、抽象概念、动词短语等范畴,通过词形变化、派生词、核心考点及例句的结构化呈现,搭建从词汇记忆到语境应用的递进式学习支架。
清单以分类整合与关联拓展构建知识体系,如职业名词(poet, philosopher)与派生词(poetry, philosophy)联动,动词标注核心短语(vote for/against, search for)。例句融入Confucius、Mandela等中外名人案例,培养文化意识,“核心考点”专栏精准标注用法(如take...seriously),助力学生提升语言能力,教师可直接用于词汇教学,高效支持自主学习与课堂教学。
内容正文:
沪外教版 八上 UNIT 6 Great minds. 同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
1
poet /'pəʊɪt/ n. 诗人
复数:poets
poetry n. 诗歌(总称)
N/A
1. William Shakespeare was a famous English poet.(威廉·莎士比亚是一位著名的英国诗人。)2. The poet wrote many beautiful poems about nature.(这位诗人写了许多关于自然的优美诗歌。)
2
philosopher /fə'lɒsəfə(r)/ n. 哲学家
复数:philosophers
philosophy n. 哲学
N/A
1. Confucius is a great philosopher in Chinese history.(孔子是中国历史上伟大的哲学家。)2. This book introduces the ideas of a famous ancient philosopher.(这本书介绍了一位著名古代哲学家的思想。)
3
wise /waɪz/ adj. 充满智慧的;明智的;英明的;明察善断的
比较级:wiser;最高级:wisest
wisdom n. 智慧
N/A
1. It’s wise of you to ask for help when you’re in trouble.(你遇到困难时求助是明智的。)2. The wise old man gave us some useful advice.(这位充满智慧的老人给了我们一些有用的建议。)
4
vote /vəʊt/ v. 投票(赞成/反对);表决(支持/不支持);选举
过去式/过去分词:voted;现在分词:voting
voter n. 投票者;选民
1. vote for 投票支持2. vote against 投票反对
1. People over 18 can vote in this country.(这个国家18岁以上的人可以投票。)2. Most students voted for her as the class monitor.(大多数学生投票支持她当班长。)
5
president /'prezɪdənt/ n. 总统;国家主席
复数:presidents
presidential adj. 总统的;主席的
N/A
1. The president will visit our city next month.(总统下个月将访问我们的城市。)2. He was elected as the president of the company last year.(他去年当选为公司总裁。)
6
nationality /ˌnæʃə'næləti/ n. 国籍
复数:nationalities
national adj. 国家的;民族的
N/A
1. What is your nationality?(你是什么国籍?)2. She has Chinese nationality but lives in Canada.(她拥有中国国籍,但住在加拿大。)
7
development /dɪ'veləpmənt/ n. 开发;研制;研制成果
复数:developments
develop v. 发展;开发
N/A
1. The development of new technology has changed our life.(新技术的发展改变了我们的生活。)2. This area has seen great development in recent years.(这个地区近年来有了很大的发展。)
8
bulb /bʌlb/ n. 电灯泡
复数:bulbs
N/A
N/A
1. Edison invented the electric bulb.(爱迪生发明了电灯泡。)2. The bulb in the bedroom is broken; let’s change it.(卧室里的灯泡坏了,我们换一个吧。)
9
theory /'θɪəri/ n. 论;理论;原理
复数:theories
theoretical adj. 理论的
N/A
1. We learned the theory of evolution in biology class.(我们在生物课上学过进化论。)2. His theory was proved correct by many experiments.(他的理论被许多实验证明是正确的。)
10
Nobel Peace Prize /nəʊˌbel piːs 'praɪz/ 诺贝尔和平奖
无词形变化
N/A
N/A
1. Many great people have won the Nobel Peace Prize.(许多伟人获得过诺贝尔和平奖。)2. She got the Nobel Peace Prize for her work on human rights.(她因在人权方面的工作获得了诺贝尔和平奖。)
11
South Africa /ˌsaʊθ 'æfrɪkə/ 南非(非洲南部国家)
无词形变化
N/A
N/A
1. Nelson Mandela was once the president of South Africa.(纳尔逊·曼德拉曾是南非总统。)2. We plan to travel to South Africa next summer.(我们计划明年夏天去南非旅行。)
12
African /'æfrɪkən/ adj.& n. 非洲的;非洲人(尤指黑人)
形容词:无变化;名词复数:Africans
Africa n. 非洲
N/A
1. He has many African friends.(他有很多非洲朋友。)2. African culture is very colorful and interesting.(非洲文化丰富多彩,十分有趣。)
13
Confucius /kən'fjuːʃəs/ 孔子(人名)
无词形变化
N/A
N/A
1. Confucius’ teachings have influenced Chinese culture for a long time.(孔子的思想长期影响着中国文化。)2. We often learn about Confucius in history class.(我们经常在历史课上了解孔子。)
14
William Shakespeare /'wɪljəm 'ʃeɪkspɪə/ 莎士比亚,威廉(人名)
无词形变化
N/A
N/A
1. William Shakespeare wrote many famous plays, like Hamlet.(威廉·莎士比亚写了许多著名的戏剧,如《哈姆雷特》。)2. We are going to watch a play by William Shakespeare this weekend.(这个周末我们要去看威廉·莎士比亚的一部戏剧。)
15
Nelson Mandela /'nelsən mæn'delə/ 纳尔逊·曼德拉(人名)
无词形变化
N/A
N/A
1. Nelson Mandela fought for the rights of black people in South Africa.(纳尔逊·曼德拉为南非黑人的权利而斗争。)2. People all over the world respect Nelson Mandela for his great work.(全世界人民都因纳尔逊·曼德拉的伟大事业而尊敬他。)
16
Thomas Edison /'tɒməs 'edɪsn/ 托马斯·爱迪生(人名)
无词形变化
N/A
N/A
1. Thomas Edison was a great inventor who created many useful things.(托马斯·爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家,创造了许多有用的东西。)2. We learned about Thomas Edison and his inventions in science class.(我们在科学课上了解了托马斯·爱迪生和他的发明。)
17
malaria /mə'leəriə/ n. 疟疾
不可数名词,无复数
N/A
N/A
1. Malaria is a serious disease spread by mosquitoes.(疟疾是一种由蚊子传播的严重疾病。)2. She got malaria when she traveled to that African country.(她去那个非洲国家旅行时得了疟疾。)
18
serious /'sɪəriəs/ adj. 不好的;严重的;有危险的
比较级:more serious;最高级:most serious
seriously adv. 严重地;认真地
take...seriously 认真对待……
1. The accident caused a serious injury to his leg.(这次事故导致他的腿受了重伤。)2. You should take your studies seriously.(你应该认真对待你的学习。)
19
mosquito /mə'skiːtəʊ; mɒ'skiːtəʊ/ n. 蚊子
复数:mosquitoes/mosquitos
N/A
N/A
1. Mosquitoes can carry many diseases, such as malaria.(蚊子会携带许多疾病,如疟疾。)2. We need to use mosquito nets to keep mosquitoes away at night.(晚上我们需要用蚊帐防蚊子。)
20
search /sɜːtʃ/ v. 搜索;搜寻;搜查;查找
过去式/过去分词:searched;现在分词:searching
searcher n. 搜索者;探寻者
1. search for 寻找;搜寻2. search...for... 为寻找……而搜查……
1. They spent hours searching for the lost child in the forest.(他们在森林里花了几个小时寻找那个失踪的孩子。)2. The police searched the house for the stolen money.(警察搜查了那所房子,寻找被盗的钱。)
21
cure /kjʊə(r)/ n.& v. 药;药物;疗法;治愈,治好(病人或动物)
动词过去式/过去分词:cured;现在分词:curing;名词复数:cures
curable adj. 可治愈的
1. cure sb of sth 治愈某人的……(疾病)2. a cure for sth 治疗……的方法/药物
1. This new medicine can cure many kinds of colds.(这种新药能治疗多种感冒。)2. The doctor cured him of his heart disease.(医生治好了他的心脏病。)
22
test /test/ v. 试验;检验;测试
过去式/过去分词:tested;现在分词:testing
test n. 测试;测验
test on 对……进行测试
1. The scientists tested the new drug on mice first.(科学家们先在老鼠身上测试了这种新药。)2. Our teacher will test us on English grammar tomorrow.(我们老师明天要考我们英语语法。)
23
mineral /'mɪnərəl/ n. 矿物;矿物质
复数:minerals
mineral adj. 矿物的;含矿物的
N/A
1. Our body needs different kinds of minerals to stay healthy.(我们的身体需要各种矿物质来保持健康。)2. This area is rich in minerals like gold and silver.(这个地区富含金、银等矿物。)
24
wormwood /'wɜːmwʊd/ n. 蒿,洋艾(有些具苦味,可入药或用来制苦艾酒等)
不可数名词,无复数
N/A
N/A
1. Wormwood is used in making some traditional medicines.(蒿可用于制作一些传统药物。)2. The scientist found a useful substance in wormwood.(科学家在蒿中发现了一种有用的物质。)
25
pioneer /ˌpaɪə'nɪə(r)/ v. 当开拓者;做先锋;倡导
过去式/过去分词:pioneered;现在分词:pioneering
pioneer n. 开拓者;先锋
pioneer in (doing) sth 在(做)某事方面开创先河
1. He pioneered the use of computers in teaching.(他开创了计算机在教学中的应用。)2. She is a doctor who pioneered new treatments for cancer.(她是一位开创癌症新疗法的医生。)
26
power /'paʊə(r)/ n. 力;力量;能量
复数:powers(表示“权力;势力”时)
powerful adj. 强大的;有力的
1. have the power to do sth 有能力做某事2. power station 发电站
1. Wind power is a kind of clean energy.(风能是一种清洁能源。)2. He has the power to make important decisions in the company.(他在公司里有权做出重要决策。)
27
project /'prɒdʒekt/ n. 生产(或研究等)项目;方案;工程
复数:projects
project v. 计划;规划(/prə'dʒekt/)
N/A
1. They are working on a new project to protect the environment.(他们正在进行一个保护环境的新项目。)2. The school started a project to help poor students.(学校启动了一个帮助贫困学生的项目。)
28
college /'kɒlɪdʒ/ n.(美国)大学;(美国一些规模大的大学的)学院;(英国大学如牛津和剑桥中独立的)学院
复数:colleges
collegiate adj. 大学的;学院的
go to college 上大学
1. She will go to college to study medicine next year.(她明年要去上大学学医。)2. This college is famous for its art programs.(这所学院以其艺术专业而闻名。)
29
treat /triːt/ v. 医疗;治疗
过去式/过去分词:treated;现在分词:treating
treatment n. 治疗;疗法
1. treat sb for sth 为某人治疗……(疾病)2. treat sb to sth 请某人吃/喝某物
1. The doctor treated her for a bad cough.(医生为她治疗严重的咳嗽。)2. My father will treat us to dinner tonight.(爸爸今晚要请我们吃晚饭。)
30
treatment /'triːtmənt/ n. 治疗;疗法;对待;待遇
复数:treatments
treat v. 治疗;对待
receive treatment 接受治疗
1. She is receiving treatment for her illness in the hospital.(她正在医院接受疾病治疗。)2. The new treatment has helped many patients.(这种新疗法帮助了许多病人。)
31
experiment /ɪk'sperɪmənt/ v. 做试验;进行实验
过去式/过去分词:experimented;现在分词:experimenting
experiment n. 实验;试验
experiment with 用……做实验
1. The students are experimenting with water and oil in science class.(学生们在科学课上用水和油做实验。)2. He experimented on different plants to find the best growing conditions.(他在不同的植物上做实验,以找到最佳的生长条件。)
32
remedy /'remədi/ n. 疗法;治疗;药品
复数:remedies
remediate v. 补救;纠正(初中阶段不常见,可不记)
a remedy for sth 治疗……的方法/药品
1. There is no simple remedy for this kind of disease.(这种疾病没有简单的治疗方法。)2. Her grandmother told her a home remedy for a sore throat.(她奶奶告诉她一个治疗喉咙痛的偏方。)
33
narrow /'nærəʊ/ v. 使窄小;变窄;缩小
过去式/过去分词:narrowed;现在分词:narrowing
narrow adj. 狭窄的
narrow down 缩小(范围)
1. They narrowed the road to build a sidewalk.(他们把路变窄,以便修人行道。)2. We need to narrow down the list of candidates to three people.(我们需要把候选人名单缩小到三个人。)
34
artemisinin /ˌɑːtɪ'miːsɪnɪn/ n. 青蒿素(抗疟药);青蒿提取物
不可数名词,无复数
N/A
N/A
1. Artemisinin is an important medicine for treating malaria.(青蒿素是治疗疟疾的重要药物。)2. The Chinese scientist discovered artemisinin many years ago.(中国科学家多年前发现了青蒿素。)
35
regret /rɪ'ɡret/ v. 感到遗憾;惋惜;懊悔
过去式/过去分词:regretted;现在分词:regretting
regret n. 遗憾;懊悔
1. regret doing sth 后悔做过某事2. regret to do sth 遗憾要做某事
1. He regretted not studying hard when he was young.(他后悔年轻时没有努力学习。)2. I regret to tell you that you didn’t pass the exam.(我遗憾地告诉你,你没有通过考试。)
36
award /ə'wɔːd/ v. 授予;给予奖励;判给
过去式/过去分词:awarded;现在分词:awarding
award n. 奖品;奖项
award sb sth 授予某人某物
1. The school awarded her a prize for her excellent grades.(学校因她成绩优异授予她奖品。)2. He was awarded a medal for his brave actions.(他因勇敢的行为被授予一枚奖章。)
37
physiology /ˌfɪzi'ɒlədʒi/ n. 生理学
复数:physiologies
physiological adj. 生理的
N/A
1. We learn about human physiology in biology class.(我们在生物课上学人体生理学。)2. Her research focuses on the physiology of plants.(她的研究集中在植物生理学方面。)
38
reward /rɪ'wɔːd/ v. 奖励;奖赏;给以报酬
过去式/过去分词:rewarded;现在分词:rewarding
reward n. 奖励;报酬
1. reward sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事奖励某人2. in reward for 作为……的奖励
1. The company rewarded him with a trip for his hard work.(公司因他工作努力奖励他一次旅行。)2. She got a lot of money in reward for her help.(她因提供帮助得到了一大笔钱。)
39
narrow sth down / narrow down sth (to sth) 把(可能性或选择)缩小(到);缩小范围
无词形变化(短语)
N/A
N/A
1. We need to narrow down the choices to two options.(我们需要把选择缩小到两个选项。)2. The police narrowed down the suspects to three people.(警察把嫌疑人范围缩小到三个人。)
40
make sure (of sth / that) 确保;设法保证
无词形变化(短语)
N/A
N/A
1. Make sure you turn off the lights before you leave.(离开前确保把灯关掉。)2. She called to make sure of the meeting time.(她打电话确认会议时间。)
41
international /ˌɪntə'næʃnəl/ adj. 国际的
无比较级最高级(多音节形容词,初中阶段不要求变化)
international n. 外国人(初中阶段不常见,可不记);internationally adv. 国际上
international airport 国际机场;international law 国际法
1. This is an international company with offices in many countries.(这是一家在许多国家设有办事处的国际公司。)2. The international meeting will be held in Beijing next week.(国际会议下周将在北京举行。)
42
soldier /'səʊldʒə(r)/ n. 军人;(尤指)士兵
复数:soldiers
N/A
N/A
1. His father was a soldier who fought in the war.(他的父亲是一名参加过战争的士兵。)2. The soldiers are working hard to protect the country.(士兵们正努力保卫国家。)
43
lamp /læmp/ n. 灯
复数:lamps
lamp v. 照亮(初中阶段不常见,可不记)
N/A
1. She turned on the lamp to read a book.(她打开灯看书。)2. There is a beautiful lamp on the desk.(桌子上有一盏漂亮的灯。)
44
abolish /ə'bɒlɪʃ/ v. 废除,废止(法律、制度、习俗等)
过去式/过去分词:abolished;现在分词:abolishing
abolition n. 废除;废止
N/A
1. Many countries abolished slavery in the 19th century.(许多国家在19世纪废除了奴隶制。)2. The government decided to abolish this old law.(政府决定废除这项旧法律。)
45
slavery /'sleɪvəri/ n. 奴隶制;蓄奴
不可数名词,无复数
slave n. 奴隶;slave v. 做苦工
N/A
1. Slavery was a terrible system in history.(奴隶制是历史上一种可怕的制度。)2. Many people fought to end slavery.(许多人为废除奴隶制而斗争。)
46
artist /'ɑːtɪst/ n. 艺术家;(尤指)画家
复数:artists
art n. 艺术;美术;artistic adj. 艺术的;有艺术天赋的
N/A
1. Her sister is an artist who paints beautiful landscapes.(她的姐姐是一位画优美风景画的艺术家。)2. The museum has works by many famous artists.(这家博物馆有许多著名艺术家的作品。)
47
serve /sɜːv/ v. 产生……的效果(或结果)
过去式/过去分词:served;现在分词:serving
service n. 服务;serve v. 服务(常见含义,需补充)
1. serve as 充当;用作2. serve sb sth = serve sth to sb 给某人端上(食物、饮料等)
1. This table can serve as a desk when you work.(你工作时,这张桌子可以当书桌用。)2. The waiter served us a delicious meal.(服务员给我们端上了一顿美味的饭菜。)
48
admire /əd'maɪə(r)/ v. 钦佩;赞赏;仰慕
过去式/过去分词:admired;现在分词:admiring
admiration n. 钦佩;赞赏
admire sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事钦佩某人
1. I admire her for her courage and kindness.(我钦佩她的勇气和善良。)2. Everyone admires him for his great achievements in science.(每个人都因他在科学领域的伟大成就而钦佩他。)
49
Nightingale /'naɪtɪŋɡeɪl/ 南丁格尔(人名)
无词形变化
N/A
N/A
1. Nightingale is known as the founder of modern nursing.(南丁格尔被称为现代护理事业的奠基人。)2. We learned about Nightingale’s story in health class.(我们在健康课上了解了南丁格尔的故事。)
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