2026年译林版中考英语一轮复习--名词

中考英语一轮复习--名词 专题一 名词 【考点一、名词的分类及用法】 名词意义：表示人 / 事物或抽象概念的词。如：Shanghai, Likes, desk • 专有名词： ◦ 国名、地名； ◦ 团体、机构名； ◦ 首字母大写的人名。 • 普通名词： ◦ 个体名词：单个的人或事物，如：Jim, Jane, China, Harbin, teacher, apple... ◦ 集体名词：表一群人或一些事物的总称，如：family, police... ◦ 物质名词：表无法分为个体的物质，如：water, money... ◦ 抽象名词：表抽象概念的词，如：health, friendship... 【考点二、可数名词个体名词和集体名词的单复数形式】 A. 不规则变化 • 单复数同形：Chinese, Japanese, people, sheep, deer, fish, spacecraft, aircraft（“中日好友永不变”）。 • 特殊变化：a man→men；a woman→women；a foot→feet；a tooth→teeth；a child→children；a mouse→mice。 • “英法联军 a 变 e”：an Englishman→Englishmen；a Frenchman→Frenchmen。 • 其他后加 - s：a German→Germans；an American→Americans；a Roman→two Romans。 B. 规则变化 构成规则 一般情况 +s desk→desks；book→books 以 s, sh, ch, x 结尾 +es match→matches；dictionary→dictionaries tomatoes, potatoes, heroes（stomach→stomachs） 以辅音 + y 结尾 改 y 为 i+es baby→babies；fly→flies 以 f/fe 结尾 改 f 为 v+es wife→wives；leaf→leaves 举例 特殊注意 【考点三、不可数名词复数形式及用法】 (1) 不可数名词无复数形式，不能与 a/an 或具体数字连用，但指某物时可与定冠词 the 连用。 (2) 表数量时，与 “a cup of, a piece of” 等量词连用（如：a cup of tea→two cups of tea “两杯水”）。 (3) 只能修饰不可数名词的词：a little, (a) little（几乎没有）, much/a great deal of, large amounts of（许多）。 不可数名词举例：fun, homework, weather, English, news, progress, information, housework, work, knowledge, advice, food, drink, orange, rice, bread, meat, chicken, pork, beef 【考点四、名词的所有格的构成及用法】 名词的所有格：有生命的名词及表时间、距离、国家、城市的名词，常在词尾加’s 表所属关系，译 “…… 的”（如：Tom’s bike “汤姆的单车”）。 名词的所有格的构成： ① 直接 +’s：Kate’s bag；Children’s Day；Women’s Day ② 以 s 结尾的复数名词 +’：Teachers’ Day；students’ books ③ 表两人共同拥有，在最后一个人名后加’s：Lucy and Lily’s room（共同的房间） ④ 表两人分别拥有，两个人名后都加’s：Tom’s and Jim’s mothers（各自的妈妈） ⑤ 表 “家、店铺、住宅、公共建筑” 等地点，所有格后名词常省略：at the doctor’s（在医务室）；at Tom’s（在汤姆的家） ⑥ 无生命名词的所有格，用 of 表达：the door of the room；the color of the clothes ⑦ 双重所有格：“所有格 + of + 所有格” 结合（如：a friend of my father’s；a book of mine） 注意：表时间、距离、重量、价值、国家 / 城市等无生命名词也可加’s 构成所有格： • 今天的报纸：today’s newspaper • 婴儿的母亲：baby’s mother • 五天的假期：an 5-day holiday • 八天的一周：eight day’s a week • 五分钟的步行路程：a five-minute walk；five minutes’ walk 【巩固练习】 一、单项填空 1. Nowadays, more people pay attention to the air pollution. The government is taking action to change the terrible ______. A. situation B. condition C. background D. temperature 2. —My father bought me a new mobile phone as a present, but I don’t know how to use it. —Why not read the ______ first before using it? A. instructions B. invitations C. introductions D. interviews 3. —Where is your seat? —It’s between ______ seats, in Row 6. A. Jack and John B. Jack’s and John C. Jack’s and John’s D. Jack and John’s 4. Mr. Fang introduced a lot about the ______ which is organized to help wild animals. A. product B. promise C. present D. project 5. Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ______. A. two bottles of orange B. two bottle of oranges C. two bottle of orange D. two bottles of oranges 6. All the ______ teachers and ______ students are having a meeting there. A. women; girls B. women; girl C. woman; girls D. woman; girl 7. Could you please tell me some ______ about Xi’an International Horticultural Expo (世界园艺博览会)? A. information B. advice C. opinions D. ideas 8. —Don’t forget to take the ______ with you when you travel abroad. —Thanks, I will. A. parade B. passport C. teacher D. program 9. —Could you please take a(n) ______ for the head teacher? —Sure, no problem. A. message B. news C. information D. sentence 10. —Notre-Dame de Paris, a symbol of European culture, was on fire in 2019. —And there should be considered as a great ______ to human. A. pet B. risk C. loss D. theft 11. One person’s ______ doesn’t depend on how much money he has made, but on how many contributions he has made to our country. A. experience B. value C. wealth D. career 12. The Chinese saying “two heads are better than one” tells us that ______ is very important in everything. A. ability B. teamwork C. spirit D. chance 13. Professor Wang gave us a very useful ______ on how to prepare for the exam. A. advice B. information C. experience D. suggestion 14. It’s better to travel 10,000 miles than to read 10,000 books, so it's important to have real ______ with languages, cultures and societies. A. communication B. experience C. knowledge D. influence 15. The ______ that there is life on other planets has always encouraged scientists to explore the outer space. A. invitation B. possibility C. order D. advice 16. Spud Webb has influenced me most. His stories give me much ______ to face all kinds of difficulties. A. luck B. wealth C. courage D. decision 17. — Nora published her first poem when she was only seven! — At seven? What a ______! I know few words at her age. A. mess B. pity C. surprise D. shame 二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. A small success can give us a sense of ______ (成就). 2. The old lady has some ______ (经历) that she can't put out on the phone. 3. For your own ______ (safe), please do not walk about on the plane. 4. You should know the ______ (different) between the two books. 5. I show excellent your ______ (pronounce) is! You must have a good teacher. 6. A nurse's job is to take good care of every ______ (a person who is ill) in hospital. 7. There are six ______ (Frenchman) talking loudly in the room. 8. ______ (teacher) Day is on September 10th. 9. They successfully saved two ______ (child)lives. 10. Many people around the world are against the ______ (develop) of our country these years. 11. After reading the ______ (introduce), I learnt a lot about the project. 12. The question is a little difficult. Let's have a ______ (discuss) about it. 13. Every child wants to be the ______ (proud) of their parents. 14. It will be a good ______ (choose) to take the high-speed train to Yancheng from Suqian next year. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $