内容正文:
2024-2025学年冀教版英语七年级下册
Unit 4 My friends
知识点清单
· 词汇
1.chalk /tʃɔːk/ n. 粉笔
短语:
a piece of chalk 一支粉笔
two pieces of chalk 两支粉笔
例句:
Can you give me a piece of chalk?
你能给我一支粉笔吗?
He found two pieces of chalk in the desk.
他在桌子里找到两支粉笔。
2.self /self/ n. (指一个人)自己;自我
复数:
selves
短语:
by self 独自地
例句:
He forgot to take care of self.
他忘记照顾自己了。
I’m going to travel by self this summer.
今年夏天我打算独自去旅行。
3. interest /ˈɪntrəst/ n. 兴趣;趣味;利益
拓展:
interesting adj. 有趣的
interested adj. 感兴趣的
短语:
have an interest in 对……有兴趣
lose interest in 对……失去兴趣
例句:
I have an interest in science fiction.
我对科幻小说感兴趣。
He loses interest in games.
他对游戏失去兴趣。
4. agree /əˈɡriː/ v. 同意;赞成;商定
过去式:
agreed
反义词:
disagree
拓展:
agreement n. 同意,一致;协议,协定
例句:
I’m sorry, I don’t agree. 对不起,我不同意。
短语:
agree with 同意某人的意见、看法等
agree to do sth. 赞成做某事
agree on 就……达成一致意见5.countryside /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/ n. 乡村
例句:
I agree with you. We should go to the park.
我同意你的看法。我们应该去公园。
Why would she agree to do this?
为什么她会同意这么做?
We all agreed on the time for the party.
我们就聚会的时间达成了一致。
5. care /keə(r)/ v. 关心;关注;担忧 n. 照顾;小心;忧虑
拓展:
careful adj.小心的;仔细的;谨慎的;细致的
短语:
care about 关心
take care of 照顾;照料
例句:
The books have taught us to care about others.
这些书教导我们要关心他人。
The nurse takes good care of the patients.
护士把病人照顾得很好。
6. understand /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ v. 理解;谅解
过去式:
understood
常用搭配:
understand sth./sb. 理解某事或某人
understand the meaning of 理解......的意思
例句:
I don’t understand this math problem.
我不明白这道数学题。
Can you understand the meaning of his words?
你能理解他说的话是什么意思吗?
7. friendship /ˈfrendʃɪp/ n. 友谊;友好
巧记:
friend(朋友)+ship(船)=friendship
短语:
build a friendship 建立友谊
例句:
I always remember our friendship.
我总是记得我们的友谊。
We can build a friendship by sharing our hobbies.
我们可以通过分享爱好来建立友谊。
8. argument /ˈɑːɡjumənt/ n. 争论;争吵
拓展:
argue v. 争论;争吵
短语:
have an argument 争论
例句:
They had an argument about that thing.
他们就那件事发生了争吵。
Mike had an argument with his father yesterday.
迈克昨天和他父亲发生了争吵。
9. hit /hɪt/ v. 打击;击
过去式:
hit
现在分词:
hitting
短语:
hit sb./sth. on 击中某人或某物的某个部位
hit back 回击;反击
例句:
He hit the ball on the head.
他击球的顶部。
The man waited for hitting back.
这个男人等待还击。
10. decide /dɪˈsaɪd/ v. 决定;选定
拓展:
decision n. 决定
短语:
decide to do sth. 决定做某事
例句:
We finally decided on the blue sofa.
我们最终选定了蓝色的沙发。
I decide to study harder this term.
我决定这学期更加努力学习。
11. bath /bɑːθ/ n.洗浴;浴缸
短语:
take a bath 洗澡
例句:
The bath is too small for an adult.
这个浴缸对成年人来说太小了。
She takes a bath every night.
她每晚都洗澡。
12. sudden /ˈsʌdn/ n. 突然发生的事 adj. 突然的;意外的
拓展:
suddenly adv. 突然;忽然
短语:
all of a sudden 突然
a sudden 突然的
例句:
All of a sudden, it started to rain heavily.
突然,天开始下大雨。
There was a sudden rain yesterday.
昨天下了一场突如其来的雨。
13. breathe /briːð/ v. 呼吸;呼出
拓展:
breath n. 呼吸
短语:
breathe in 吸入
breathe out 呼出
例句:
First, take a deep breath in, and then breathe out slowly.
先深吸一口气,然后慢慢呼气。
He breathed in the smell of the flowers.
他吸入了花香。
14. luckily /ˈlʌkɪli/ adv. 幸运地
近义词:
happily adv. 快乐地;幸运地
拓展:
lucky adj. 幸运的
luck n. 运气
短语:
but luckily 但所幸,但幸运的是
例句:
Luckily, I caught the last bus.
幸运的是,我赶上了最后一班公交车。
But luckily, my laptop was there.
但幸运的是,我的笔记本电脑在那里。
15. save /seɪv/ v. 救;挽救;储蓄;保存
短语:
save one’s life 救某人的命
save money 存钱
例句:
The doctor saved the patient’s life.
医生救了病人的命。
I save some money every month.
我每个月都存一些钱。
16. flat /flæt/ adj. 平滑的;平坦的 n. 公寓
短语:
a flat road 平坦的道路
例句:
He lives in a small flat.
他住在一个小公寓里。
They walked hand in hand on a flat road.
他们手牵手走在平坦的路上。
17. stone /stəʊn/ n.石头;石块
短语:
a stone bridge 石桥
例句:
The stone rolled down the hill.
石头滚下山坡。
There is a stone bridge over the river.
河上有一座石桥。
18. someone /ˈsʌmwʌn/ pron. 某人
巧记:
some(一些)+one(一个)=someone
同义词:
somebody
解析:
① someone用于肯定句中,否定句和疑问句中变为anyone
② 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例句:
Someone is knocking at the door.
有人在敲门。
Someone left their umbrella in the classroom.
有人把伞落在教室了。
19. hurtful /ˈhɜːtfl/ adj. 伤感情的
拓展:
hurtfully adv. 伤害地;伤人地
hurt n. 痛苦;危害
短语:
hurtful words 伤人的话
例句:
His words are really hurtful.
他的话真的很伤感情。
His hurtful words left her in tears.
他那些伤人的话让她哭了。
20. wind /wɪnd/ n. 风;气流
拓展:
windy adj. 多风的;风大的
短语:
by the wind 顺风;被风吹动
例句:
The wind is blowing hard.
风刮得很大。
These leaves are turned by the wind.
这些树叶随风转动。
21. blow /bləʊ/ v. 吹;破裂 n. 猛击;打击
过去式:
blew
例句:
She received a severe blow on the head.
她头上挨了重重一击。
短语:
blow away 吹走
blow out 吹灭
a blow to 对......的打击。
例句:
The wind blew away the fallen leaves on the street.
风把街上的落叶吹走了。
Please blow out the candles.
请吹灭蜡烛。
The bad news was a great blow to him.
这个坏消息对他是个巨大的打击。
22. erase /ɪˈreɪz/ v.清除;擦掉;抹去
现在分词:
erasing
拓展:
erasure n. 消除;删除
eraser n. 橡皮
例句:
Please erase the mistakes on the blackboard.
请把黑板上的错误擦掉。
He used an eraser to erase the pencil marks.
他用橡皮擦掉了铅笔痕迹。
23. terrible /ˈterəbl/ adj.可怕的;非常严重的
拓展:
terribly adv. 可怕地
短语:
feel terrible 感觉不舒服
例句:
We saw a terrible movie last night.
我们昨晚看了一部可怕的电影。
I feel terrible, I think I’ll go to bed.
我感觉不舒服,想去睡觉了。
24. happen /ˈhæpən/ v.(尤指偶然)发生;(作为结果)出现;碰巧
短语:
happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事
sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上
例句:
I happened to meet my old friend on the street.
我碰巧在街上遇到了我的老朋友。
What happened to you yesterday?
你昨天发生了什么?
25. lose /luːz/ v. 失去;失败;使迷路
现在分词:
losing
过去式:
lost
例句:
I don’t want to lose my new book.
我不想弄丢我的新书。
短语:
lose one’s way 迷路
lose heart 失去信心
lose a game 输掉比赛
例句:
The little boy lost his way in the big city.
这个小男孩在大城市里迷路了。
We must never lose heart when losing a game.
当输掉比赛时,我们绝不能失去信心。
26. donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ v. 捐赠;赠送;捐献
拓展:
donation n. 捐赠物;捐款
短语:
donate sth. to sb./sth. 把某物捐赠给某人/某物
例句:
We can donate some clothes to the poor children.
我们可以给贫困儿童捐赠一些衣服。
We can donate some books to the school library.
我们可以给学校图书馆捐赠一些书。
27. lucky /ˈlʌki/ adj. 幸运的;有好运的
拓展:
luckily adv. 幸运地
luck n. 运气
短语:
be lucky to do sth. 做某事很幸运
例句:
Lucky you! Have a great trip.
你真幸运!祝你旅途愉快。
You are lucky to get the first prize.
你能获得一等奖很幸运。
28. raise /reɪz/ v. 筹募;提升;养育
现在分词:
raising
短语:
raise money 筹款
raise a family 养家糊口
例句:
They are raising money for the poor children.
他们正在为贫困儿童筹款。
He works hard to raise his family.
他努力工作来养家糊口。
29. change /tʃeɪndʒ/ v. 变化;改变;交换 n. 变化;替代
短语:
change one’s mind 改变主意
change into 变成
例句:
He changed his mind and decided to drive there.
他改变了主意,决定开车去那里。
In autumn, the green leaves change into different colors.
秋天,绿叶会变成不同的颜色。
30. shy /ʃaɪ/ adj. 羞怯的;胆小的
短语:
be shy of 对…… 感到害羞
例句:
The little girl is very shy.
这个小女孩很害羞。
He is shy of speaking in public.
他不好意思在公众场合讲话。
31. once /wʌns/ adv. 曾经;一次 conj. 一旦;一......就
短语:
once upon a time 从前
once in a while 偶尔
例句:
Once upon a time, a little girl found a key in the forest.
从前,一个小女孩在森林里发现了一把神奇的钥匙。
I go to the cinema once in a while to watch the movies.
我偶尔去电影院看电影。
32. lonely /ˈləʊnli/ adj. 孤独的;偏僻的
拓展:
lone adj. 单身的;独自的
短语:
feel lonely 感到孤独
例句:
They live in a lonely village.
他们住在一个偏僻的村庄。
The old man lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.
这位老人独自生活,但他并不感到孤独。
33. develop /dɪˈveləp/ v. 发展;开发;研制
拓展:
development n. 发展;开发
developed adj. 发达的
developing adj. 发展中的
例句:
It is important to develop good study skills.
培养良好的学习方法很重要。
短语:
develop into 发展成为
develop from 成长于
例句:
A caterpillar can develop into a butterfly.
毛毛虫能发展成为蝴蝶。
This art form developed from a traditional activity.
这个艺术形式成长于一项传统活动。
34. pick up拿起;提起;抬起;捡起
拓展短语:
pick it/them up 捡起某物
例句:
Pick up the book from the floor.
把地上的书捡起来。
Please pick it up from the floor.
请把它捡起来。
35. help sb. out 帮助某人
例句:
She often helps her classmates out when they have problems.
当同学们遇到问题时,她经常帮助他们。
Can you help me out? I can’t find my keys.
你能帮我个忙吗?我找不到我的钥匙了。
36. in hard times在艰难时期
例句:
We should stay positive in hard times.
在艰难时刻我们应该保持积极。
She always tries her best to support her family in hard times.
在艰难时期,她总是竭尽全力支撑家庭。
37. find out找出;发现;弄明白
例句:
Please find out when the train will arrive.
请查清楚火车什么时候到达。
The teacher helped the students find out the mistakes.
老师帮助学生找出错误。
38. go through穿过
例句:
We had to go through a path to reach the park.
我们得穿过一条小道才能到达公园。
The river goes through the city.
这条河流穿过这座城市。
39. keep on doing继续做……
例句:
Keep on practicing speaking English, and your English will improve.
坚持练习说英语,你的英语就会提高。
He kept on working until he finished the task.
他一直工作到完成任务。
40. in time及时
近义短语:
on time 准时
例句:
The doctor came in time and saved the patient.
医生及时赶到,救了病人。
We got to the party on time.
我们准时到达了聚会。
41. write down写下来
例句:
Write down your name and phone number, please.
请写下你的名字和电话号码。
Write it down, or you’ll forget it.
把它写下来,不然你会忘记的。
42. lucky money压岁钱
例句:
Children are happy to get lucky money.
孩子们很高兴能收到压岁钱。
She saved the lucky money to buy a new schoolbag.
她把压岁钱存起来买一个新书包。
43. in three days在三天内
例句:
The project will be completed in three days.
这个项目将在三天内完成。
He will come back to visit us in three days.
他将在三天内回来看望我们。
44. work on oneself专注于自身
例句:
She is working on herself to become better.
她正在努力提升自己,让自己更好。
We should work on ourselves.
我们应该专注于自身。
45. the same as和……一样
例句:
His shirt is the same as mine.
他的衬衫和我的一样。
The twins look the same as each other.
这对双胞胎看起来彼此一样。
46. make friends交朋友
拓展短语:
make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友
例句:
It’s easy to make friends with him.
和他交朋友很容易。
She made friends with some new classmates.
她和一些新同学交了朋友。
· 句型
1. I agree. 我同意。
解释:
这是一个常用的表达观点认同的句子。在日常交流中,当对方提出某个观点、建议、计划等,而你表示认可时,就可以用I agree.来回应。
例句:
—We need to study harder for the coming exam.
—为了即将到来的考试,我们需要更努力地学习。
—I agree. I don’t want to fail it.
—我同意。我不想考试不及格。
2. Don’t be afraid. 别害怕。
解释:
①这是一个否定祈使句。afraid是形容词,在句中作表语。
②该句型主要用于安慰、鼓励对方,让对方不要产生恐惧心理 ,在很多场景中都可以使用。
例句:
Don’t be afraid. I’m right behind you.
别害怕,我就在你身后。
When you speak in public, don’t be afraid.
当你在公共场合发言时,别害怕。
辨析:
Sb. be afraid of doing sth. 意为某人害怕做某事。强调害怕某个特定的行为或动作,焦点是行为本身。
She is afraid of flying.
她害怕坐飞机。
Sb. be afraid to do sth. 意为胆怯去做某事。强调害怕因为某种原因而不敢去做某事,焦点是情感、后果。
She was afraid to wake her husband.
她不敢去叫醒她的丈夫。
3. 主语+make/makes/made sb.+形容词. ……使某人处于某种状态。
解释:
①make在这里是使役动词,意为 “使;让”。
②形容词对sb.进行补充说明,表明主语的行为致使某人呈现出该形容词所描述的状态。
例句:
The good news makes her happy.
这个好消息让她开心。
His words made me angry.
他的话让我生气。
4. Sb. have/has trouble with/(in) doing sth. 某人在某事上有困难/做某事有困难。
解释:
①with sth.表示在某方面存在困难,sth.为名词或名词短语。
②(in) doing sth.中in可以省略,doing sth.是动名词短语作宾语,表示做某事时遇到麻烦。
例句:
I have trouble with my math homework.
我做数学作业有困难。
She has trouble (in) remembering new words.
她记新单词有困难。
· 语音
(一)重音的概念:
单词重音在英语中很关键,它指的是在多音节单词里,某个音节发音更响亮、清晰、时长稍长。
(二)重音的规则
1. 一般规则
(1)单音节词:单音节词独立存在时都要重读,但不需要标出重音符号。如:bird /bɜːd/;tree /triː/。
(2)双音节词
① 一般来说,双音节词的重音在首音节上。
如:student /ˈstjuːd(ə)nt/;paper /ˈpeɪpə(r)/。
② 少数双音节词的重音在第二个音节词,大多是外来词。
如:machine /məˈʃiːn/;hotel /həʊˈtel/。
③ 含有以下词缀的词(尤其是动词),重音也在第二个音节上。
如:ab-: abnormal /æbˈnɔːm(ə)l/ 反常的
ac-: account /əˈkaʊnt/ 账目
ad-: admit /ədˈmɪt/ 承认
al-: allow /əˈlaʊ/ 允许
ap-: appear /əˈpɪə(r)/ 出现
【注意】其他词缀还有:at-, be-, con-, de-, dis-, em-, en-, es-, ex-, for-, im-, mis-, per-, pre-, pro-, re-, sub-, with-等。
2. 特殊规则
(1)如果一个单词的动词形式和名词形式相同,那么其名词形式的重音在第一或第二个音节上,动词形式的重音在最后一个音节上。
如:名词object /ˈɒbdʒɪkt/;动词object /əbˈdʒekt/。
(2)含有-ful, -less, -ness, -able等词缀的单词,重音的位置与原来词根的重音位置相同。
如:wonder n. /ˈwʌndə(r)/ ——wonderful adj. /ˈwʌndəf(ə)l/
(3)含有-ity, -ion, -ic, -al等词缀的单词的重音在词缀音节的前一个音节上。
如:drama n. /ˈdrɑːmə/ ——dramatic adj. /drəˈmætɪk/
(4)含有-tion词缀的单词,重音在词缀音节部分的第一个音节上。
如:imagine v. /ɪˈmædʒɪn/
imagination n. /ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/
(5)含有-tive词缀的单词,如果只有三个音节,那么重音在首音节上;如果单词多于三个音节,则重音的位置与原来词根的重音位置相同。
如:relate v. /rɪˈleɪt/ ——relative n. /ˈrelətɪv/
· 语法
1. 一般过去时和一般现在时的不同
I played tennis yesterday.
I play tennis every Saturday.
They visited Beijing last summer.
They visit Beijing on weekends.
①动词发生了变化;②出现了过去时间
2. 一般过去时的否定
将下列句子变成否定句
(1) I was at home last night.
I was not / wasn’t at home last night.
(2) They were happy at the party.
They were not / weren’t happy at the party.
(3) She watched a movie yesterday.
She did not /didn’t watch a movie yesterday.
3. 动词过去式的规则与不规则变化
(1) 规则变化
①在动词结尾直接加ed
例句:
I work in a factory.
I worked in a factory last year.
They want to help him.
They wanted to help him yesterday.
②动词结尾是“辅音字母+y”,把y变i加ed
例句:
I study English hard every day.
I studied English hard last night.
They try their best in the game.
They tried their best in the last game.
③动词结尾是元音字母+辅音字母,双写辅音字母加ed
例句:
I stop at the red light.
I stopped at the red light yesterday.
He plan a trip with his friends.
He planned a trip with his friends last month.
④动词结尾是不发音的e,直接加d
例句:
He uses a computer at work.
He used a computer at work yesterday.
I like reading books.
I liked reading books last year..
4. 一般过去时中的时间状语
(1) last+时间表达
They played football last week.
他们上周踢足球了。
My family went to Beijing last year.
我的家人去年去北京了。
She moved to a new house last month.
她上个月搬家了。
(2) 一段时间+ago
I bought a new book two days ago.
我两天前买了一本新书。
He started to learn English three years ago.
他三年前开始学习英语。
(3) in+过去的时间
I started learning the piano in 2010.
我在2010年开始学习钢琴。
(4) 其他时间状语
I went to the supermarket yesterday.
我昨天去超市了。
The teacher came into the classroom just now.
老师刚刚进入教室。
He met an old friend the day before yesterday.
他前天见了一位老朋友。
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