第04讲 沪教版2020选择性必修一词汇（词性转换，短语词组，词汇综合检测）（复习讲义）（上海专用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

第04讲 沪教版选择性必修一词汇 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 2 02 体系构建·思维可视 3 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4 考点一 Unit 1 Feeling good 4 知识点1 读单词、识词义 4 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 6 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 7 考向1 补全句子（本单元重点词汇巩固） 7 考向2 单元话题选词填空 8 考点二 Unit 2 Making a difference 13 知识点1 读单词、识词义 13 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 14 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 15 考向1 补全句子（本单元重点词汇巩固） 16 考向2 单元话题选词填空 18 考点三 Unit 3 Paying the price 21 知识点1 读单词、识词义 21 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 21 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 23 考向1 补全句子（本单元重点词汇巩固） 24 考向2 单元话题选词填空 26 考点四 Unit 4 The senses 30 知识点1 读单词、识词义 31 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 31 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 32 考向1 补全句子（本单元重点词汇巩固） 32 考向2 单元话题选词填空 35 考点要求 考题统计 考情分析 教材词汇 课标词汇 近几年出现超纲词（含熟词生义；派生词；转化词） perception strategic methodology eradicate alleviate mitigate 一：新高考词汇难度增大。高频词深度化考查成为绝对主流；检测学生对核心词在语篇语境下的词汇深层理解和运用能力，要求建立以核心词为主的语义网络。 二：学术词汇（AWL）考查量激增与语境化。学术词汇表（Academic Word List）在最近试卷中出现频率增长较多，且呈现：生物领域：culture=细胞培养（非文化） 经济文本：fluctuation=市场波动。检测"中国文化→英语思维→国际表达"的转换能力，要求考生建立概念对等而非字面对应的认知模式。在备考中，应当注重掌握课标，扩充课外阅读量。 1. 稳中有升增加对熟词生义的考查。 2. 适度考查一些学生不常接触的高考词汇。 3. 加大了对构词法的考查力度。 4. 全面考查词汇在语境中灵活运用的能力，如情境意识、同义转换和概要思维能力。 复习目标：以新课标词汇+考纲词汇为依据，上外、上教版新教材单词表为蓝本，以近年新高考真题为导向，在一轮词汇复习中夯实词汇基础，并反复积累，运用构词法扩大词汇量并在大量的语篇阅读中迁移词汇运用能力，大胆猜测熟词的生义并积累地道的搭配和习惯用语。 Unit 1 Feeling good 词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 / 短语 音标 词性及释义 associate /əˈsəʊʃieɪt/ v. 联想；联系 * tablet /ˈtæblət/ n. 平板电脑；药片 fashion /ˈfæʃn/ n. 流行款式 item /ˈaɪtəm/ n. 一件商品或物品；项目 abandon /əˈbændən/ v. 舍弃；丢弃；遗弃；抛弃 drawer /drɔː(r)/ n. 抽屉 essential /ɪˈsenʃl/ adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的 vital /ˈvaɪtl/ adj. 必不可少的；重要的 crucial /ˈkruːʃl/ adj. 至关重要的 anxiety /æŋˈzaɪəti/ n. 焦虑 optimistic /ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/ adj. 乐观的 release /rɪˈliːs/ v. 排放；释放；公开；发行 chemical /ˈkemɪkl/ n. 化学品；adj. 化学的 miserable /ˈmɪzrəbl/ adj. 痛苦的；非常难受的 * lack /læk/ n. 缺乏；v. 缺乏；不足 mood /muːd/ n. 情绪；心情 affect /əˈfekt/ v. 影响；深深打动；使悲伤 theory /ˈθɪəri/ n. 学说；理论 imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/ v. 暗示；含有…… 的意思 mutual /ˈmjuːtʃuəl/ adj. 相互的；彼此的 * contrast /ˈkɒntrɑːst/ n. 对比；对照 depressed /dɪˈprest/ adj. 忧郁的；沮丧的 incredibly /ɪnˈkredəbli/ adv. 极其地；令人难以置信地 presentation /ˌpreznˈteɪʃn/ n. 展示会；介绍会；发布会；提交；授予；出示 urge /ɜːdʒ/ n. 强烈的欲望；冲动；v. 敦促；力劝 appreciate /əˈpriːʃieɪt/ v. 欣赏；感激 poet /ˈpəʊɪt/ n. 诗人 solid /ˈsɒlɪd/ adj. 可靠的；可信赖的；坚实的；固体的；坚硬的 scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学的；关于科学的 evidence /ˈevɪdəns/ n. 根据；证据；v. 证明；作为…… 的证据 decade /ˈdekeɪd/ n. 十年，十年期 (尤指一个年代) overall /ˌəʊvərˈɔːl/ adj. 总体的；综合的 promote /prəˈməʊt/ v. 促进；促销；推销 journalist /ˈdʒɜːnəlɪst/ n. 新闻记者 afterwards /ˈɑːftəwədz/ adv. 以后；后来 nutrition /njuˈtrɪʃn/ n. 营养；滋养 mostly /ˈməʊstli/ adv. 通常；主要地；一般地 recipe /ˈresəpi/ n. 烹饪法；食谱 composition /ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn/ n. 作文；小论文；成分；构成 golf /ɡɒlf/ n. 高尔夫球运动 wrestle /ˈresl/ v. 摔跤 cycle /ˈsaɪkl/ v. 骑自行车 cooperate /kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/ v. 合作；协作 sacrifice /ˈsækrɪfaɪs/ n. 牺牲；舍弃；v. 牺牲；献出 * discipline /ˈdɪsəplɪn/ n. 自制力；遵守纪律；纪律；训练 self-reliance /ˌself rɪˈlaɪəns/ n. 自力更生；自立 * commitment /kəˈmɪtmənt/ n. 承诺；保证；奉献；投入 persuade /pəˈsweɪd/ v. 劝说；说服 tone /təʊn/ n. 语气；口气 tournament /ˈtʊənəmənt/ n. 锦标赛 disappointed /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/ adj. 失望的 committed /kəˈmɪtɪd/ adj. 尽心尽力的 consume /kənˈsjuːm/ v. 消耗；耗费 (尤指燃料、能量或时间) calorie /ˈkæləri/ n. 大卡；千卡；卡路里 million /ˈmɪljən/ num. 一百万 suburb /ˈsʌbɜːb/ n. 郊区 greedy /ˈɡriːdi/ adj. 贪婪的 portion /ˈpɔːʃn/ n. (食物的) 一份；一客；部分 * adopt /əˈdɒpt/ v. 采用 (某方法); 采取 (某态度); 收养；领养 fry /fraɪ/ n. 炸薯条；v. 油炸 consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃn/ n. 消耗；消费 cancer /ˈkænsə(r)/ n. 癌症 phenomenon /fəˈnɒmɪnən/ n. (pl. phenomena) 现象 pots of money —— phr. 大笔的金钱 get a kick out of —— phr. 获得极大的乐趣 games console —— phr. 游戏机操作手柄 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. associate v. 联想；联系→association n. 协会；关联→associated adj. 相关的；有联系的 2. essential adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的→essentially adv. 本质上；根本上→essence n. 本质；精髓 3. anxious adj.（词源关联 anxiety）→anxiety n. 焦虑→anxiously adv. 焦虑地；担忧地 4. optimistic adj. 乐观的→optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义→optimistically adv. 乐观地 5. release v. 排放；释放；公开；发行→release n. 释放；发布；发行物 6. appreciate v. 欣赏；感激→appreciation n. 欣赏；感激→appreciative adj. 感激的；欣赏的 7. promote v. 促进；促销；推销→promotion n. 促进；晋升；促销活动→promotional adj. 促销的；增进的 8. nutrition n. 营养；滋养→nutritional adj. 营养的；滋养的→nutritious adj. 有营养的 9. consume v. 消耗；耗费→consumption n. 消耗；消费→consumer n. 消费者；用户 10. commit v.（词源关联 commitment）→commitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献→committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 英文词组 / 短语 中文释义 pots of money 大笔的金钱 get a kick out of 获得极大的乐趣 games console 游戏机操作手柄 考向1 完成句子（本单元词汇巩固） 补全句子翻译，其中有一个多余项 A. associate B. essential C. anxiety D. optimistic E. release F. appreciate G. promote H. nutrition I. consume J. commitment K. persuade 1. People usually ______ the smell of coffee with morning.（人们通常把咖啡的味道和早晨联系在一起。） 2. Water and air are ______ for human survival.（水和空气是人类生存必不可少的。） 3. She couldn’t hide her ______ about the upcoming exam.（她无法掩饰对即将到来的考试的焦虑。） 4. Despite the difficulties, he remains ______ about the future.（尽管困难重重，他对未来仍保持乐观。） 5. The company plans to ______ a new product next month.（该公司计划下个月推出一款新产品。） 6. I really ______ your help when I was in trouble.（我非常感激你在我困难时伸出援手。） 7. The organization aims to ______ cultural exchange between countries.（该组织旨在促进各国之间的文化交流。） 8. A balanced diet provides enough ______ for our body.（均衡的饮食能为我们的身体提供足够的营养。） 9. This machine ______ a lot of electricity, so we need to use it properly.（这台机器消耗大量电力，所以我们要合理使用。） 10. Making a ______ to learning a new language takes time and effort.（承诺学习一门新语言需要时间和努力。） 考向2 选词填空（本单元话题语篇） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．challenging  B．costly  C． exclusion  D．guaranteed  E. necessarily  F. performed   G. scale  H. similarly  I. suffering  J. tracked  K. centers Is more happiness always better than less? The researchers asked college students to rate their feelings on a   1 from “unhappy” to “very happy” and compared the results with academic and social outcomes. Though the “very happy” participants had the best social lives, they 2 worse in school than those who were merely “happy”. The researchers then examined a data set from another study that rated college freshman’s “cheerfulness” and 3 their income nearly two decades later. They found that the most cheerful were not the highest earners. That distinction once again went to the second-highest group, which rated their cheerfulness as “above average”. As with everything in life, happiness has its trade-offs. Pursuing happiness to the 4 of other goals — known as psychological hedonism (享乐主义) — not only is in vain, but may also give you a life where you do not reach your full potential, where you are unwilling to take risks, where you choose temporary pleasures over 5 experiences that give life meaning. The way to understand the study above is not to deny that happiness is good; rather, it is to remember that a little bit of unhappiness has benefits. When I talk with people about their fear of negative outcomes in life, their true source of fear, in many cases, 6 on how they will feel about having failed, not about the consequences of failure itself. This is similar to the way discomfort with uncertainty causes more anxiety than 7 bad news. To avoid these bad feelings, people give up all kinds of opportunities that involve the possibility of failure. However, bringing good things into your life, whether love or career success, usually involves risk. Risk does not, of course, 8 make us happy. A risky life will very likely bring disappointment, but it can bring greater rewards than a life played safe, as the studies suggested. None of this is to say that we are foolish for wanting to be happy. On the contrary, the desire for happiness is natural and normal. However, making the quest for positive feelings your highest or only goal is a 9 life strategy. Endless happiness is impossible to achieve, and doing so sacrifices many of the elements of a good life. As the Canadian-American psychologist Paul Bloom wrote, “It’s the 10 we choose that affords the most opportunity for pleasure, meaning, and personal growth.” Unit 2 Making a difference 词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 / 短语 音标 词性及释义 wave /weɪv/ n. 海浪 victim /ˈvɪktɪm/ n. 受害者；牺牲品 tide /taɪd/ n. 潮汐；潮水 * overflow /ˌəʊvəˈfləʊ/ v. 漫出；溢出 mosquito /məˈskiːtəʊ/ n. 蚊子 fellow /ˈfeləʊ/ adj. 同伴的；同类的；同事的；n. 男人；家伙 predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ v. 预言；预告 distant /ˈdɪstənt/ adj. 遥远的 shelter /ˈʃeltə(r)/ n. 居所；住所 nominate /ˈnɒmɪneɪt/ v. 提名；推荐 * anger /ˈæŋɡə(r)/ n. 怒火 frustration /frʌˈstreɪʃn/ n. 懊恼；沮丧；受挫 * preserve /prɪˈzɜːv/ v. 保护；保存 ancestor /ˈænsestə(r)/ n. 祖宗；祖先 threaten /ˈθretn/ v. 危及；对…… 构成威胁；威胁；恐吓 folk /fəʊk/ adj. 传统民间的；民俗的；n. 人们 forever /fərˈevə(r)/ adv. 永远 inform /ɪnˈfɔːm/ v. 通知；通告 * nevertheless /ˌnevəðəˈles/ adv. 尽管如此；然而 native /ˈneɪtɪv/ adj. 本地的；当地的；出生地的 landscape /ˈlændskeɪp/ n. (陆上，尤指乡村的) 风景，景色 visual /ˈvɪʒuəl/ adj. 视力的；视觉的 antique /ænˈtiːk/ n. 文物；古董 pub /pʌb/ n. 酒吧；酒馆 rural /ˈrʊərəl/ adj. 乡村的；农村的 urban /ˈɜːbən/ adj. 城市的；都市的 plain /pleɪn/ adj. 朴素的；简单的 responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ n. 责任；负责 varied /ˈveərid/ adj. 各种各样的；形形色色的 tune /tjuːn/ n. 曲调；曲子 bride /braɪd/ n. 新娘；即将 (或刚刚) 结婚的女子 bridegroom /ˈbraɪdɡruːm/ n. 新郎；即将 (或刚刚) 结婚的男子 bless /bles/ v. 享有 (幸福等); 赋有 (能力等) calligraphy /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/ n. 书法 structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ n. 结构；构造 precise /prɪˈsaɪs/ adj. 准确的；精确的 advocate /ˈædvəkət/ n. 支持者；v. /ˈædvəkeɪt/ 拥护；支持；提倡 recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ v. 回收利用 bin /bɪn/ n. 垃圾箱 * widespread /ˈwaɪdspred/ adj. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的 intention /ɪnˈtenʃn/ n. 打算；计划；意图；目的 energy-efficient /ˈenədʒi ɪˈfɪʃnt/ adj. 节能的 appointment /əˈpɔɪntmənt/ n. 约会；预约；约定 dentist /ˈdentɪst/ n. 牙科医生 skip /skɪp/ v. 跳绳 contest /ˈkɒntest/ n. 比赛；竞赛 barbecue /ˈbɑːbɪkjuː/ n. 户外烧烤 garbage /ˈɡɑːbɪdʒ/ n. (生活) 垃圾；废物 ban /bæn/ v. 明令禁止；取缔；n. 禁令 access /ˈækses/ n. (使用或见到的) 机会，权利；通道；入径 dormitory /ˈdɔːmətri/ n. 集体宿舍 perspective /pəˈspektɪv/ n. 态度；观点；思考方法 * defend /dɪˈfend/ v. 保护；防御 violence /ˈvaɪələns/ n. 暴力；暴行 campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ v. 参加运动；n. 运动 (为社会、商业等目的而进行的一系列有计划的活动) conserve /kənˈsɜːv/ v. 节省；节约 * habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ n. (动植物的) 生活环境；栖息地 essay /ˈeseɪ , eˈseɪ/ n. 文章；论说文 convinced /kənˈvɪnst/ adj. 坚信的；深信的；确信的 opposing /əˈpəʊzɪŋ/ adj. 相反的；极不相同的 marathon /ˈmærəθən/ n. 马拉松赛跑 sponsor /ˈspɒnsə(r)/ n. 赞助商；v. 赞助 enthusiasm /ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm/ n. 热情；热心 rewarding /rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ/ adj. 值得做的 transform /trænsˈfɔːm/ v. 使改观；使改变形态 stretch /stretʃ/ v. 伸展；拉长；撑大 involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ v. 加入；牵涉到 palm tree —— phr. 棕榈树 crystal clear —— phr. 清澈透明的；晶莹的 coconut milk —— phr. 椰奶 the human face of —— phr. (某主题、话题等的) 标志性人物 weather forecast —— phr. 天气预报 relay race —— phr. 接力赛 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 (1) predict v. 预言；预告→prediction n. 预言；预测→predictable adj. 可预测的→predictably adv. 可预测地 (2) preserve v. 保护；保存→preservation n. 保护；保存→preservative n. 防腐剂；保护剂 (3) threaten v. 危及；对…… 构成威胁；威胁；恐吓→threat n. 威胁；恐吓→threatening adj. 威胁的；恐吓的 (4) inform v. 通知；通告→information n. 信息；消息→informative adj. 提供信息的；增长见闻的 (5) advocate v. 拥护；支持；提倡 n. 支持者→advocacy n. 拥护；支持；提倡 (6) recycle v. 回收利用→recycling n. 回收利用→recyclable adj. 可回收的 (7) convince v.（词源关联 convinced）→convinced adj. 坚信的；深信的→convincing adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的→conviction n. 信念；坚信 (8) transform v. 使改观；使改变形态→transformation n. 改观；转变→transformative adj. 变革性的；转换的 (9) involve v. 加入；牵涉到→involvement n. 参与；牵涉→involved adj. 参与的；有关联的 (10) defend v. 保护；防御→defence n. 防御；保卫→defensive adj. 防御的；防卫的 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 英文词组 / 短语 中文释义 palm tree 棕榈树 crystal clear 清澈透明的；晶莹的 coconut milk 椰奶 the human face of (某主题、话题等的) 标志性人物 weather forecast 天气预报 relay race 接力赛 考向1 完成句子（本单元词汇巩固） 补全句子翻译，其中有一个多余项 A. predict B. preserve C. threaten D. inform E. advocate F. recycle G. convince H. transform I. involve J. defend K. expand (1) Scientists ______ that the temperature will rise by 2℃ in the next decade.（科学家预测未来十年气温将上升 2 摄氏度。） (2) We should take measures to ______ the endangered species.（我们应该采取措施保护濒危物种。） (3) Pollution ______ the health of people living in this area.（污染危及生活在这个地区的人们的健康。） (4) Please ______ us of any changes to the plan in advance.（如果计划有任何变动，请提前通知我们。） (5) Many experts ______ using public transport to reduce air pollution.（许多专家提倡使用公共交通以减少空气污染。） (6) It’s our duty to ______ waste paper and plastic bottles.（回收废纸和塑料瓶是我们的责任。） (7) He managed to ______ his parents to let him study abroad.（他成功说服父母让他出国留学。） (8) The new policy has ______ the local education system greatly.（这项新政策极大地改变了当地的教育体系。） (9) All students are encouraged to ______ in the school sports meeting.（鼓励所有学生参加学校运动会。） (10) Soldiers are trained to ______ their country against enemies.（士兵们接受训练，保卫国家抵御敌人。） 考向2 选词填空（本单元话题语篇） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．generous     B．statistics    C． building     D．chance     E. addition     F. contribution G. threatening H. benefit     I. further     J. highlight     K. impact Attracting donations is a chief concern for nonprofit organizations and projects. An effective, professional donation-request letter is a necessary tool for fund-raising. Researching possible donors and 11 a database of names and organizations is one key to success, but the ability to write a donation-request letter has an even greater 12 on successful fund-raising. Research potential donors via the Internet. Research small companies in 13 to large foundations. Sometimes a small local company will assist you in reaching your goal. A simple appeal to a public-spirited local firm may inspire a surprisingly 14 donation. Find the appropriate contact person. Address your letter to a real person who is in a position to entitle a donation. Beginning your letter with “To Whom It May Concern” or “Dear Country Market” stands little 15 of attracting the attention of the right staff member. And then, structure the letter properly. Begin your letter with a vivid and readable description of your organization’s work, and 16 a recent success story. Continue with a few general 17 to impress the contact person with your organization's efficiency and effectiveness. Next, describe in full the current project or effort for which a donation is needed and who will 18 . Include all contact information, including telephone, fax and email, and end by inviting the person to contact you if any   19 information is needed. Finally, hand on the letter to colleagues for proofreading and suggestions. Keep careful records of donations and send thank-you letters. Donors often are willing to contribute again if they are shown how their 20 was put to use. Follow-up letters can assist in this effort. Unit 3 Paying the price 词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 / 短语 音标 词性及释义 advertisement /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/ n. 广告；启事 celebrity /səˈlebrəti/ n. 名人；名流 genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/ adj. 真的 advertise /ˈædvətaɪz/ v. 做广告；登广告 unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/ adj. 特别的；不寻常的；罕见的 identical /aɪˈdentɪkl/ adj. 完全同样的；相同的 contrary /ˈkɒntrəri/ adj. 与之相异的；相对立的；相反的 spot /spɒt/ v. 看见；看出；注意到；发现；n. 地点；场所 trick /trɪk/ v. 欺骗；欺诈；n. 诡计；花招；骗局；把戏 billion /ˈbɪljən/ num. 十亿 conventional /kənˈvenʃənl/ adj. 依照惯例的；遵循习俗的；墨守成规的；普通平凡的 launch /lɔːntʃ/ v. (首次) 上市，发行；开始从事，发起，发动 (尤指有组织的活动) trendsetter /ˈtrendsetə(r)/ n. 新潮倡导者 contract /ˈkɒntrækt/ n. 合同；合约；契约；v. /kənˈtrækt/ 与… 订立合同 (或契约) hire /ˈhaɪə(r)/ v. 聘用；租用 agency /ˈeɪdʒənsi/ n. 服务机构；(尤指) 代理机构，经销机构 luxury /ˈlʌkʃəri/ n. 奢侈品；奢侈的享受；奢华 display /dɪˈspleɪ/ v. 展出；展示；n. 陈列；展览 purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/ n. 购买的东西；购买；采购；v. 买；购买；采购 sample /ˈsɑːmpl/ n. (作为标准或代表的) 样品，货样；(抽查的) 样本，样品 anyhow /ˈenihaʊ/ adv. 加之；反正 psychologist /saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/ n. 心理学家 respectively /rɪˈspektɪvli/ adv. 分别；各自；顺序为；依次为 borderline /ˈbɔːdəlaɪn/ n. 两种品质 (或状况) 之间的分界线 stimulate /ˈstɪmjuleɪt/ v. 促进；激发；激励 abstract /ˈæbstrækt/ adj. 抽象的 concept /ˈkɒnsept/ n. 概念；观念 ideal /aɪˈdiːəl/ adj. 完美的；理想的；最合适的 quote /kwəʊt/ v. 引用；引述；n. 原话 finding /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/ n. 调查发现；调研结果 fake /feɪk/ adj. 假的 * discount /ˈdɪskaʊnt/ n. 折扣 weekly /ˈwiːkli/ adj. 每周的 monthly /ˈmʌnθli/ adj. 每月的；每月一次的 publication /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. (书刊等的) 出版，发行；出版物 * academic /ˌækəˈdemɪk/ adj. 学业的；教学的；学术的 cottage /ˈkɒtɪdʒ/ n. 小屋；(尤指) 村舍，小别墅 cotton /ˈkɒtn/ n. 棉；棉花 crop /krɒp/ n. 庄稼；作物 harvest /ˈhɑːvɪst/ v. 收割 (庄稼)；n. 季节；收割；收获 guarantee /ˌɡærənˈtiː/ n. 保证；担保；v. 保证；担保；保障 available /əˈveɪləbl/ adj. 可获得的；可购得的；可找到的 specialist /ˈspeʃəlɪst/ adj. 专门的；n. 专家 ethical /ˈeθɪkl/ adj. 合乎道德的；(有关) 道德的，伦理的 * canteen /kænˈtiːn/ n. 食堂；餐厅 identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ v. 确认；认出 priority /praɪˈɒrəti/ n. 优先事项；最重要的事 faulty /ˈfɔːlti/ adj. 不完美的；有错误的；有缺陷的 complain /kəmˈpleɪn/ v. 抱怨；埋怨；投诉；发牢骚 FALSE /fɔːls/ adj. 错误的；不正确的；不真实的；假的；伪造的 madam /ˈmædəm/ n. 夫人；女士 adjust /əˈdʒʌst/ v. 调整；调节 loose /luːs/ adj. 疏松的；不结实的 faithfully /ˈfeɪθfəli/ adv. 忠实地；忠诚地；准确地；如实地；仔细地 origin /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/ n. 起源；源头；起因 pack /pæk/ v. 收拾 (行李); 装 (箱) suitcase /ˈsuːtkeɪs/ n. (旅行用的) 手提箱 lunar /ˈluːnə(r)/ adj. 月球的；月亮的 harmonious /hɑːˈməʊniəs/ adj. 友好和睦的；和谐的 toast /təʊst/ n. 干杯；祝酒；敬酒 ingredient /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/ n. 成分；(尤指烹饪) 材料 grocery /ˈɡrəʊsəri/ n. 食品杂货店 jewellery /ˈdʒuːəlri/ n. 珠宝；首饰 * trend /trend/ n. 趋势；趋向 wrap /ræp/ v. 包，裹 (礼物等) commercialize /kəˈmɜːʃəlaɪz/ v. (尤指不择手段地) 利用…… 牟利；商业化 stealth marketing —— phr. 隐形营销 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 (1) advertise v. 做广告；登广告→advertisement n. 广告；启事→advertising n. 广告业；广告活动→advertiser n. 广告商 (2) identify v. 确认；认出→identification n. 确认；识别→identifiable adj. 可识别的；可确认的 (3) conventional adj. 依照惯例的；遵循习俗的；墨守成规的；普通平凡的→convention n. 惯例；习俗；大会→conventionally adv. 按照惯例；通常 (4) luxury n. 奢侈品；奢侈的享受；奢华→luxurious adj. 奢侈的；豪华的→luxuriously adv. 奢侈地；豪华地 (5) purchase v. 买；购买；采购 n. 购买的东西；购买；采购→purchaser n. 购买者；采购商 (6) guarantee v. 保证；担保；保障 n. 保证；担保→guaranteed adj. 有保证的；确定的 (7) adjust v. 调整；调节→adjustment n. 调整；调节→adjustable adj. 可调整的；可调节的 (8) complain v. 抱怨；埋怨；投诉；发牢骚→complaint n. 抱怨；投诉→complaining adj. 抱怨的；诉苦的 (9) origin n. 起源；源头；起因→original adj. 最初的；原始的；新颖的 n. 原作；原件→originally adv. 最初；起初 (10) commercialize v. (尤指不择手段地) 利用…… 牟利；商业化→commercial adj. 商业的；营利的 n. 商业广告→commercialization n. 商业化 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 英文词组 / 短语 中文释义 stealth marketing 隐形营销 考向1 完成句子（本单元词汇巩固） 补全句子翻译，其中有一个多余项 A. advertise B. identify C. conventional D. luxury E. purchase F. guarantee G. adjust H. complain I. origin J. commercialize K. expand 1.The company spent a lot of money to ______ its new product on TV.（该公司花了很多钱在电视上为其新产品做广告。） 2.The police are working hard to ______ the suspect in the case.（警方正努力确认案件中的嫌疑人。） 3.He doesn’t like ______ ways of doing things and always tries new methods.（他不喜欢墨守成规的做事方式，总是尝试新方法。） 4.For most people, owning a private jet is a ______ they can’t afford.（对大多数人来说，拥有私人飞机是他们负担不起的奢侈品。） 5.She went to the supermarket to ______ some daily necessities.（她去超市购买了一些日用品。） 6.The brand ______ that all its products are of high quality.（该品牌保证其所有产品质量都很高。） 7.You need to ______ the volume of the radio to make it quieter.（你需要调节收音机的音量，让它声音小一点。） 8.Customers often ______ about the poor service in this restaurant.（顾客经常抱怨这家餐厅的服务差。） 9.The ______ of this traditional festival can be traced back to 2000 years ago.（这个传统节日的起源可以追溯到 2000 年前。） 10.Some people think it’s wrong to ______ historical sites for profit.（有些人认为为了牟利而将历史遗迹商业化是错误的。） 考向2 选词填空（本单元话题语篇） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．fertile  B．rewoven C． deep-rooted D．recapture  E. produce  F. needlessly G. foodstuffs H. minerals  I. worthlessly  J. document  K. deforested The Promise of the Circular Economy The origins of the expression “waste not, want not” can be traced to the 1500s.We feel bad when we expend resources 21 (like leaving lights on when we’re away) or throw out things that shouldn’t have become trash (like uneaten, past-its-prime produce). This is a 22 guilty feeling. But we do waste in ways big and small. The result is this shocking fact: Of the 23 , fossil fuels, and other raw materials that we take from the Earth and turn into products, about two-thirds end up as waste. And, more likely than not, that waste is part of a larger environmental problem. “Plastic trash drifted into 24 soils, rivers and oceans. A third of all food rotted, even as the Amazon was 25 to produce more,” writes senior environment editor Robert Kunzig in “The End of Trash”. Climate change is what happens when “we burn fossil fuels and spread the waste – carbon dioxide -- into the atmosphere.” What if we could 26 waste and turn it into something else? This concept, called the circular economy, is not entirely new. For generations, in Prato, Italy, old wool sweaters have been reduced to their knitting thread and 27 into new clothes. And environmentalists have supported the ideas of “reduce, reuse and recycle” since the 1970s. Kunzig was sent to 28 where the new circular economy is taking hold. They found a lot of examples. In London, researchers are feeding rotted farm 29 to insects, which are made into animal feed. In hotel kitchens around the world, chefs are reducing waste from 30 like cookies, yogurt and Coke with AI garbage cans that measure it. “It reminds me of a line in Diner, a movie I love: If you don’t have good dreams, you got nightmares.” Kunzig said, “The circular economy is like that -- it’s a dream we have to try to make real.” Unit 4 The senses 词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 / 短语 音标 词性及释义 flavour /ˈfleɪvə(r)/ n. 味道；口味 scent /sent/ n. 香味 raw /rɔː/ adj. 生的 insist /ɪnˈsɪst/ v. 坚持说 tongue /tʌŋ/ n. 舌；舌头 * detect /dɪˈtekt/ v. 发现；查明 bitter /ˈbɪtə(r)/ adj. (食物等) 苦的 cabbage /ˈkæbɪdʒ/ n. 卷心菜；洋白菜 onion /ˈʌnjən/ n. 洋葱 ripe /raɪp/ adj. 成熟的 exceptionally /ɪkˈsepʃənəli/ adv. 特别；非常 distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/ v. 辨别；分清 salty /ˈsɔːlti/ adj. 咸的；含盐的 sour /ˈsaʊə(r)/ adj. 酸的 sensitive /ˈsensətɪv/ adj. 灵敏的；善解人意的 bath /bɑːθ/ n. 浴缸；浴盆 pinch /pɪntʃ/ v. 捏 * somewhat /ˈsʌmwɒt/ adv. 有点；有几分 texture /ˈtekstʃə(r)/ n. 口感 * creamy /ˈkriːmi/ adj. 像奶油的；含乳脂的 unpleasant /ʌnˈpleznt/ adj. 令人不快的；不舒服的 perceive /pəˈsiːv/ v. 察觉到；洞察 appetite /ˈæpɪtaɪt/ n. 食欲；胃口 claim /kleɪm/ v. 声称；断言；主张；n. 声明；宣称 riddle /ˈrɪdl/ n. 无法解释的情况 differ /ˈdɪfə(r)/ v. 有区别；不同于 dessert /dɪˈzɜːt/ n. 甜点；甜食 combination /ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 结合体；混合体 rescue /ˈreskjuː/ n. 救援；营救；v. 营救，解救 bury /ˈberi/ v. 覆盖；埋葬；安葬 injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ n. (对身体的) 伤害，损伤 ankle /ˈæŋkl/ n. 踝；踝关节 warning /ˈwɔːnɪŋ/ n. 警告；警示 react /riˈækt/ v. 作出反应；回应 panic /ˈpænɪk/ v. 惊慌失措；n. 恐慌 bark /bɑːk/ v. (狗) 吠叫 grateful /ˈɡreɪtfl/ adj. 感激的 frequency /ˈfriːkwənsi/ n. 发生率 radiation /ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/ n. 辐射 elective /ɪˈlektɪv/ adj. 选修的 expand /ɪkˈspænd/ v. 增加 encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)/ v. 遭遇；遇到 impairment /ɪmˈpeəmənt/ n. 缺陷；障碍 * construct /kənˈstrʌkt/ v. 修建；建造 facility /fəˈsɪləti/ n. 设施；设备 barrier /ˈbæriə(r)/ n. 障碍物 challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ n. 挑战；艰巨任务 investigate /ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt/ v. 调查；侦查 preference /ˈprefrəns/ n. 偏爱；喜爱 principle /ˈprɪnsəpl/ n. 法则；原则 complaint /kəmˈpleɪnt/ n. 抱怨 ringtone /ˈrɪŋtəʊn/ n. (尤指移动电话的) 铃声 disturb /dɪˈstɜːb/ v. 打扰；干扰 bother /ˈbɒðə(r)/ v. 使 (某人) 烦恼 (或担忧) flow /fləʊ/ n. 连贯；流畅 quantity /ˈkwɒntəti/ n. 数量 spicy /ˈspaɪsi/ adj. 用香料调味的 * tent /tent/ n. 帐篷 * lamp /læmp/ n. 灯 hike /haɪk/ v. 去…… 远足；徒步旅行；n. 远足；徒步旅行 incident /ˈɪnsɪdənt/ n. 发生的事情 (尤指不寻常的) thunderstorm /ˈθʌndəstɔːm/ n. 雷雨；雷暴 whisper /ˈwɪspə(r)/ v. 耳语；低语；悄声说 stare /steə(r)/ v. 盯着看；凝视 creature /ˈkriːtʃə(r)/ n. 生物；动物 merciless /ˈmɜːsɪləs/ adj. 残忍的 switch /swɪtʃ/ v. 关 / 开 (电灯、机器等)；n. 开关 taste bud —— phr. 味蕾 in conclusion —— phr. 最后 nail clippers —— phr. 指甲刀；指甲钳 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 (1) detect v. 发现；查明→detection n. 发现；查明→detective n. 侦探；警探 adj. 侦探的 (2) distinguish v. 辨别；分清→distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的→distinction n. 区别；差别；荣誉 (3) sensitive adj. 灵敏的；善解人意的→sensitivity n. 敏感性；灵敏度→sensitive adj. 灵敏的；敏感的（同形）→sensitively adv. 敏感地；灵敏地 (4) perceive v. 察觉到；洞察→perception n. 感知；看法；洞察力→perceptive adj. 有洞察力的；感知力强的 (5) claim v. 声称；断言；主张 n. 声明；宣称→claimant n. 索赔人；声称者→claimable adj. 可要求的；可主张的 (6) expand v. 增加；扩大→expansion n. 扩大；扩张；膨胀→expansive adj. 广阔的；扩张的 (7) construct v. 修建；建造→construction n. 建造；建设；结构→constructive adj. 建设性的；有益的→constructor n. 建造者；构造函数 (8) prefer v.（词源关联 preference）→preference n. 偏爱；喜爱→preferable adj. 更可取的；更好的→preferably adv. 更可取地；最好 (9) disturb v. 打扰；干扰→disturbance n. 打扰；干扰；骚乱→disturbing adj. 令人不安的；烦扰的 (10) investigate v. 调查；侦查→investigation n. 调查；侦查→investigative adj. 调查的；侦查的→investigator n. 调查者；侦查员 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 英文词组 / 短语 中文释义 taste bud 味蕾 in conclusion 最后 nail clippers 指甲刀；指甲钳 考向1 完成句子（本单元词汇巩固） 补全句子翻译，其中有一个多余项 A. detect B. distinguish C. sensitive D. perceive E. claim F. expand G. construct H. prefer I. disturb J. investigate K. flow 1. The machine can ______ even the smallest amount of harmful substances in water.（这台机器能检测出水中即使是极微量的有害物质。） 2. It’s hard to ______ the difference between these two similar products.（很难区分这两种相似产品之间的差别。） 3. Her ears are very ______ to loud noises, so she always wears earplugs in noisy places.（她的耳朵对 loud 噪音很敏感，所以在嘈杂的地方她总是戴耳塞。） 4. He ______ a change in his mother’s attitude towards him recently.（他最近察觉到母亲对他的态度发生了变化。） 5. The company ______ that its new product can help people lose weight quickly.（该公司声称其新产品能帮助人们快速减肥。） 6. The company plans to ______ its business to other cities next year.（该公司计划明年将业务扩展到其他城市。） 7. Workers are busy ______ a new bridge over the river.（工人们正忙着在河上修建一座新桥。） 8. Most children ______ sweet food to spicy food.（大多数孩子比起辛辣食物更喜欢甜食。） 9. Please don’t make too much noise, as it may ______ the patients in the next room.（请不要制造太多噪音，因为这可能会打扰到隔壁房间的病人。） 10. The police have started to ______ the cause of the accident.（警方已开始调查这起事故的原因。） 考向2 选词填空（本单元话题语篇） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．adapting    B．cast     C． dimension  D．distance    E. evident     F. picture    G. preparatory    H. referring    I. solidified    J. sought    K. tune Audrey Flack — A Photo-realist Representative The photo-realist movement, emerging in the late 1960s and 1970s in the United States and Europe, desired to produce works indistinguishable from high-resolution photographs. Audrey Flack, an American painter and sculptor whose choice of subject matter added a(n) 31 to the movement, was one of the first artists to use a projection of a photograph as an aid to painting. Flack graduated from Yale with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1952 and was influenced by her teacher’s Abstract Expressionist style, 32 in her early work. The next year she studied art history at New York University’s Institute of Fine Arts. During the late 1950s Flack began to 33 herself from this style, which she felt did not communicate effectively or clearly with viewers. She looked to artists such as Spanish Baroque artist Luisa Roldán as models. One representative of her photo-realist paintings was Macarena of Miracles, directly 34 to Roldán’s sculpture Virgen de la Macarena, La Esperanza. During the 1960s, the artist continued to 35 her photographic method and her subject matter. Unlike male photo-realists such as Richard Estes and Chuck Close, who chose subjects that avoided emotional content, Flack 36 to convey a broader meaning through her work. While going on to create works with sociopolitical commentary, she started to 37 everyday items such as handbags and makeup, using them to question their role in shaping female identity. A significant painting from this period, Farb Family Portrait (1969–70), was the result of a new working technique. Starting with a slide of the family portrait (肖像), Flack 38 the photo onto the canvas (画布) and used it as her guide for painting. This method relieved her of having to make 39 drawings. She also developed a method of applying paint in layers with an airbrush. Using those innovations, Flack masterfully created a number of symbolic works. Through these practices, Flack 40 her role as a pioneer who expanded photorealism beyond mere copying, implanting it with layered narratives about identity and societal norms. 5 / 38 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第04讲 沪教版选择性必修一词汇 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 2 02 体系构建·思维可视 3 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4 考点一 Unit 1 Feeling good 4 知识点1 读单词、识词义 4 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 6 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 7 考向1 补全句子（本单元重点词汇巩固） 7 考向2 单元话题选词填空 8 考点二 Unit 2 Making a difference 13 知识点1 读单词、识词义 13 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 14 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 15 考向1 补全句子（本单元重点词汇巩固） 16 考向2 单元话题选词填空 18 考点三 Unit 3 Paying the price 21 知识点1 读单词、识词义 21 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 21 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 23 考向1 补全句子（本单元重点词汇巩固） 24 考向2 单元话题选词填空 26 考点四 Unit 4 The senses 30 知识点1 读单词、识词义 31 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 31 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 32 考向1 补全句子（本单元重点词汇巩固） 32 考向2 单元话题选词填空 35 考点要求 考题统计 考情分析 教材词汇 课标词汇 近几年出现超纲词（含熟词生义；派生词；转化词） perception strategic methodology eradicate alleviate mitigate 一：新高考词汇难度增大。高频词深度化考查成为绝对主流；检测学生对核心词在语篇语境下的词汇深层理解和运用能力，要求建立以核心词为主的语义网络。 二：学术词汇（AWL）考查量激增与语境化。学术词汇表（Academic Word List）在最近试卷中出现频率增长较多，且呈现：生物领域：culture=细胞培养（非文化） 经济文本：fluctuation=市场波动。检测"中国文化→英语思维→国际表达"的转换能力，要求考生建立概念对等而非字面对应的认知模式。在备考中，应当注重掌握课标，扩充课外阅读量。 1. 稳中有升增加对熟词生义的考查。 2. 适度考查一些学生不常接触的高考词汇。 3. 加大了对构词法的考查力度。 4. 全面考查词汇在语境中灵活运用的能力，如情境意识、同义转换和概要思维能力。 复习目标：以新课标词汇+考纲词汇为依据，上外、上教版新教材单词表为蓝本，以近年新高考真题为导向，在一轮词汇复习中夯实词汇基础，并反复积累，运用构词法扩大词汇量并在大量的语篇阅读中迁移词汇运用能力，大胆猜测熟词的生义并积累地道的搭配和习惯用语。 Unit 1 Feeling good 词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 / 短语 音标 词性及释义 associate /əˈsəʊʃieɪt/ v. 联想；联系 * tablet /ˈtæblət/ n. 平板电脑；药片 fashion /ˈfæʃn/ n. 流行款式 item /ˈaɪtəm/ n. 一件商品或物品；项目 abandon /əˈbændən/ v. 舍弃；丢弃；遗弃；抛弃 drawer /drɔː(r)/ n. 抽屉 essential /ɪˈsenʃl/ adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的 vital /ˈvaɪtl/ adj. 必不可少的；重要的 crucial /ˈkruːʃl/ adj. 至关重要的 anxiety /æŋˈzaɪəti/ n. 焦虑 optimistic /ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/ adj. 乐观的 release /rɪˈliːs/ v. 排放；释放；公开；发行 chemical /ˈkemɪkl/ n. 化学品；adj. 化学的 miserable /ˈmɪzrəbl/ adj. 痛苦的；非常难受的 * lack /læk/ n. 缺乏；v. 缺乏；不足 mood /muːd/ n. 情绪；心情 affect /əˈfekt/ v. 影响；深深打动；使悲伤 theory /ˈθɪəri/ n. 学说；理论 imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/ v. 暗示；含有…… 的意思 mutual /ˈmjuːtʃuəl/ adj. 相互的；彼此的 * contrast /ˈkɒntrɑːst/ n. 对比；对照 depressed /dɪˈprest/ adj. 忧郁的；沮丧的 incredibly /ɪnˈkredəbli/ adv. 极其地；令人难以置信地 presentation /ˌpreznˈteɪʃn/ n. 展示会；介绍会；发布会；提交；授予；出示 urge /ɜːdʒ/ n. 强烈的欲望；冲动；v. 敦促；力劝 appreciate /əˈpriːʃieɪt/ v. 欣赏；感激 poet /ˈpəʊɪt/ n. 诗人 solid /ˈsɒlɪd/ adj. 可靠的；可信赖的；坚实的；固体的；坚硬的 scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学的；关于科学的 evidence /ˈevɪdəns/ n. 根据；证据；v. 证明；作为…… 的证据 decade /ˈdekeɪd/ n. 十年，十年期 (尤指一个年代) overall /ˌəʊvərˈɔːl/ adj. 总体的；综合的 promote /prəˈməʊt/ v. 促进；促销；推销 journalist /ˈdʒɜːnəlɪst/ n. 新闻记者 afterwards /ˈɑːftəwədz/ adv. 以后；后来 nutrition /njuˈtrɪʃn/ n. 营养；滋养 mostly /ˈməʊstli/ adv. 通常；主要地；一般地 recipe /ˈresəpi/ n. 烹饪法；食谱 composition /ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn/ n. 作文；小论文；成分；构成 golf /ɡɒlf/ n. 高尔夫球运动 wrestle /ˈresl/ v. 摔跤 cycle /ˈsaɪkl/ v. 骑自行车 cooperate /kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/ v. 合作；协作 sacrifice /ˈsækrɪfaɪs/ n. 牺牲；舍弃；v. 牺牲；献出 * discipline /ˈdɪsəplɪn/ n. 自制力；遵守纪律；纪律；训练 self-reliance /ˌself rɪˈlaɪəns/ n. 自力更生；自立 * commitment /kəˈmɪtmənt/ n. 承诺；保证；奉献；投入 persuade /pəˈsweɪd/ v. 劝说；说服 tone /təʊn/ n. 语气；口气 tournament /ˈtʊənəmənt/ n. 锦标赛 disappointed /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/ adj. 失望的 committed /kəˈmɪtɪd/ adj. 尽心尽力的 consume /kənˈsjuːm/ v. 消耗；耗费 (尤指燃料、能量或时间) calorie /ˈkæləri/ n. 大卡；千卡；卡路里 million /ˈmɪljən/ num. 一百万 suburb /ˈsʌbɜːb/ n. 郊区 greedy /ˈɡriːdi/ adj. 贪婪的 portion /ˈpɔːʃn/ n. (食物的) 一份；一客；部分 * adopt /əˈdɒpt/ v. 采用 (某方法); 采取 (某态度); 收养；领养 fry /fraɪ/ n. 炸薯条；v. 油炸 consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃn/ n. 消耗；消费 cancer /ˈkænsə(r)/ n. 癌症 phenomenon /fəˈnɒmɪnən/ n. (pl. phenomena) 现象 pots of money —— phr. 大笔的金钱 get a kick out of —— phr. 获得极大的乐趣 games console —— phr. 游戏机操作手柄 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. associate v. 联想；联系→association n. 协会；关联→associated adj. 相关的；有联系的 2. essential adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的→essentially adv. 本质上；根本上→essence n. 本质；精髓 3. anxious adj.（词源关联 anxiety）→anxiety n. 焦虑→anxiously adv. 焦虑地；担忧地 4. optimistic adj. 乐观的→optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义→optimistically adv. 乐观地 5. release v. 排放；释放；公开；发行→release n. 释放；发布；发行物 6. appreciate v. 欣赏；感激→appreciation n. 欣赏；感激→appreciative adj. 感激的；欣赏的 7. promote v. 促进；促销；推销→promotion n. 促进；晋升；促销活动→promotional adj. 促销的；增进的 8. nutrition n. 营养；滋养→nutritional adj. 营养的；滋养的→nutritious adj. 有营养的 9. consume v. 消耗；耗费→consumption n. 消耗；消费→consumer n. 消费者；用户 10. commit v.（词源关联 commitment）→commitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献→committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 英文词组 / 短语 中文释义 pots of money 大笔的金钱 get a kick out of 获得极大的乐趣 games console 游戏机操作手柄 考向1 完成句子（本单元词汇巩固） 补全句子翻译，其中有一个多余项 A. associate B. essential C. anxiety D. optimistic E. release F. appreciate G. promote H. nutrition I. consume J. commitment K. persuade 1. People usually ______ the smell of coffee with morning.（人们通常把咖啡的味道和早晨联系在一起。） 2. Water and air are ______ for human survival.（水和空气是人类生存必不可少的。） 3. She couldn’t hide her ______ about the upcoming exam.（她无法掩饰对即将到来的考试的焦虑。） 4. Despite the difficulties, he remains ______ about the future.（尽管困难重重，他对未来仍保持乐观。） 5. The company plans to ______ a new product next month.（该公司计划下个月推出一款新产品。） 6. I really ______ your help when I was in trouble.（我非常感激你在我困难时伸出援手。） 7. The organization aims to ______ cultural exchange between countries.（该组织旨在促进各国之间的文化交流。） 8. A balanced diet provides enough ______ for our body.（均衡的饮食能为我们的身体提供足够的营养。） 9. This machine ______ a lot of electricity, so we need to use it properly.（这台机器消耗大量电力，所以我们要合理使用。） 10. Making a ______ to learning a new language takes time and effort.（承诺学习一门新语言需要时间和努力。） Keys： 1-5：associate; essential; anxiety; optimistic; release 6-10: appreciate; promote; nutrition; consumes; commitment 考向2 选词填空（本单元话题语篇） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．challenging  B．costly  C． exclusion  D．guaranteed  E. necessarily  F. performed   G. scale  H. similarly  I. suffering  J. tracked  K. centers Is more happiness always better than less? The researchers asked college students to rate their feelings on a   1 from “unhappy” to “very happy” and compared the results with academic and social outcomes. Though the “very happy” participants had the best social lives, they 2 worse in school than those who were merely “happy”. The researchers then examined a data set from another study that rated college freshman’s “cheerfulness” and 3 their income nearly two decades later. They found that the most cheerful were not the highest earners. That distinction once again went to the second-highest group, which rated their cheerfulness as “above average”. As with everything in life, happiness has its trade-offs. Pursuing happiness to the 4 of other goals — known as psychological hedonism (享乐主义) — not only is in vain, but may also give you a life where you do not reach your full potential, where you are unwilling to take risks, where you choose temporary pleasures over 5 experiences that give life meaning. The way to understand the study above is not to deny that happiness is good; rather, it is to remember that a little bit of unhappiness has benefits. When I talk with people about their fear of negative outcomes in life, their true source of fear, in many cases, 6 on how they will feel about having failed, not about the consequences of failure itself. This is similar to the way discomfort with uncertainty causes more anxiety than 7 bad news. To avoid these bad feelings, people give up all kinds of opportunities that involve the possibility of failure. However, bringing good things into your life, whether love or career success, usually involves risk. Risk does not, of course, 8 make us happy. A risky life will very likely bring disappointment, but it can bring greater rewards than a life played safe, as the studies suggested. None of this is to say that we are foolish for wanting to be happy. On the contrary, the desire for happiness is natural and normal. However, making the quest for positive feelings your highest or only goal is a 9 life strategy. Endless happiness is impossible to achieve, and doing so sacrifices many of the elements of a good life. As the Canadian-American psychologist Paul Bloom wrote, “It’s the 10 we choose that affords the most opportunity for pleasure, meaning, and personal growth.” 【答案】 1．G 2．F 3．J 4．C 5．A 6．K 7．D 8．E 9．B 10．I 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了快乐也有平衡，多一点幸福并不总是比少一点好，适当的不开心可以提高对生活的感受和解决问题的能力。 1．考查名词。句意：研究人员要求大学生对自己的感受进行打分，从“不开心”到“非常开心”，并将结果与学业和社交结果进行比较。空处应填名词单数作宾语，结合“from ‘unhappy’ to ‘very happy’”可知，此处指“从‘不开心’到‘开心’的范围”，scale“范围”符合语境，故选G。 2．考查动词。句意：尽管“非常开心”的参与者拥有最好的社交生活，但他们在学校的表现却不如那些仅仅“开心”的人。空处是谓语动词，陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时；根据“worse in school”可知，此处指“在学校表现得更差”，performed“表现”符合语境，故选F。 3．考查动词。句意：然后，研究人员检查了另一项研究中的数据集，该研究对大学新生的“快乐程度”进行了评级，并追踪了他们近20年后的收入。空处和examined是并列的谓语动词，应填动词过去式，结合“their income nearly two decades later”可知， 此处指“追踪了他们近20年后的收入”，tracked“追踪，跟踪”符合语境，故选J。 4．考查名词。句意：只追求幸福而不追求其他目标——被称为心理享乐主义——不仅是徒劳的，而且可能会让你的生活无法充分发挥你的潜力，你不愿冒险，你选择暂时的快乐而不是赋予生活意义的挑战经历。空处应填名词作宾语，结合“known as psychological hedonism (享乐主义)”可知，此处指“只追求幸福而排除其他目标”，exclusion“排除”符合语境，故选C。 5．考查形容词。句意同上。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词experiences，此处和“temporary pleasures”相对，再由空后“that give life meaning”可知，此处指“有挑战性的经历”，challenging“有挑战性的”符合语境，故选A。 6．考查动词。句意：当我和人们谈论他们对生活中消极结果的恐惧时，在许多情况下，他们真正的恐惧来源集中在他们对失败的感受上，而不是失败本身的后果。空处是谓语动词，结合“their true source of fear”以及空后的“on”可知，center on“以……为中心”符合语境，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语 their true source of fear是单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故选K。 7．考查形容词。句意：这类似于对不确定性的不安会导致比肯定的坏消息更多的焦虑。此处和“uncertainty”相对，表示“对不确定性的不安会导致比肯定的坏消息更多的焦虑”，guaranteed“确定会发生的”符合语境，故选D。 8．考查副词。句意：当然，冒险不一定会让我们快乐。空处修饰谓语动词，应用副词形式，结合下文“A risky life will very likely bring disappointment”可知，冒险不一定会让我们快乐，necessarily“必然地”符合语境，故选E。 9．考查形容词。句意：然而，把追求积极的感觉作为你最高或唯一的目标是一种代价高昂的生活策略。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词短语life strategy，结合下文“Endless happiness is impossible to achieve, and doing so sacrifices many of the elements of a good life.(无尽的幸福是不可能实现的，这样做会牺牲许多美好生活的元素)”可知，此处指“代价高昂的生活策略”，costly“昂贵的，代价高的”符合语境，故选B。 10．考查名词。句意：正如加拿大裔美国心理学家Paul Bloom所写的那样，“我们选择的苦难为我们提供了获得快乐、意义和个人成长的最多机会。”空处应填名词作主语，结合上文“Endless happiness is impossible to achieve, and doing so sacrifices many of the elements of a good life.(无尽的幸福是不可能实现的，这样做会牺牲许多美好生活的元素)”可知，无尽的幸福是不可能实现的，这样做会牺牲许多美好生活的元素，所以此处指“苦难”，suffering“痛苦，苦难”符合语境，故选I。 Unit 2 Making a difference 词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 / 短语 音标 词性及释义 wave /weɪv/ n. 海浪 victim /ˈvɪktɪm/ n. 受害者；牺牲品 tide /taɪd/ n. 潮汐；潮水 * overflow /ˌəʊvəˈfləʊ/ v. 漫出；溢出 mosquito /məˈskiːtəʊ/ n. 蚊子 fellow /ˈfeləʊ/ adj. 同伴的；同类的；同事的；n. 男人；家伙 predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ v. 预言；预告 distant /ˈdɪstənt/ adj. 遥远的 shelter /ˈʃeltə(r)/ n. 居所；住所 nominate /ˈnɒmɪneɪt/ v. 提名；推荐 * anger /ˈæŋɡə(r)/ n. 怒火 frustration /frʌˈstreɪʃn/ n. 懊恼；沮丧；受挫 * preserve /prɪˈzɜːv/ v. 保护；保存 ancestor /ˈænsestə(r)/ n. 祖宗；祖先 threaten /ˈθretn/ v. 危及；对…… 构成威胁；威胁；恐吓 folk /fəʊk/ adj. 传统民间的；民俗的；n. 人们 forever /fərˈevə(r)/ adv. 永远 inform /ɪnˈfɔːm/ v. 通知；通告 * nevertheless /ˌnevəðəˈles/ adv. 尽管如此；然而 native /ˈneɪtɪv/ adj. 本地的；当地的；出生地的 landscape /ˈlændskeɪp/ n. (陆上，尤指乡村的) 风景，景色 visual /ˈvɪʒuəl/ adj. 视力的；视觉的 antique /ænˈtiːk/ n. 文物；古董 pub /pʌb/ n. 酒吧；酒馆 rural /ˈrʊərəl/ adj. 乡村的；农村的 urban /ˈɜːbən/ adj. 城市的；都市的 plain /pleɪn/ adj. 朴素的；简单的 responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ n. 责任；负责 varied /ˈveərid/ adj. 各种各样的；形形色色的 tune /tjuːn/ n. 曲调；曲子 bride /braɪd/ n. 新娘；即将 (或刚刚) 结婚的女子 bridegroom /ˈbraɪdɡruːm/ n. 新郎；即将 (或刚刚) 结婚的男子 bless /bles/ v. 享有 (幸福等); 赋有 (能力等) calligraphy /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/ n. 书法 structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ n. 结构；构造 precise /prɪˈsaɪs/ adj. 准确的；精确的 advocate /ˈædvəkət/ n. 支持者；v. /ˈædvəkeɪt/ 拥护；支持；提倡 recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ v. 回收利用 bin /bɪn/ n. 垃圾箱 * widespread /ˈwaɪdspred/ adj. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的 intention /ɪnˈtenʃn/ n. 打算；计划；意图；目的 energy-efficient /ˈenədʒi ɪˈfɪʃnt/ adj. 节能的 appointment /əˈpɔɪntmənt/ n. 约会；预约；约定 dentist /ˈdentɪst/ n. 牙科医生 skip /skɪp/ v. 跳绳 contest /ˈkɒntest/ n. 比赛；竞赛 barbecue /ˈbɑːbɪkjuː/ n. 户外烧烤 garbage /ˈɡɑːbɪdʒ/ n. (生活) 垃圾；废物 ban /bæn/ v. 明令禁止；取缔；n. 禁令 access /ˈækses/ n. (使用或见到的) 机会，权利；通道；入径 dormitory /ˈdɔːmətri/ n. 集体宿舍 perspective /pəˈspektɪv/ n. 态度；观点；思考方法 * defend /dɪˈfend/ v. 保护；防御 violence /ˈvaɪələns/ n. 暴力；暴行 campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ v. 参加运动；n. 运动 (为社会、商业等目的而进行的一系列有计划的活动) conserve /kənˈsɜːv/ v. 节省；节约 * habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ n. (动植物的) 生活环境；栖息地 essay /ˈeseɪ , eˈseɪ/ n. 文章；论说文 convinced /kənˈvɪnst/ adj. 坚信的；深信的；确信的 opposing /əˈpəʊzɪŋ/ adj. 相反的；极不相同的 marathon /ˈmærəθən/ n. 马拉松赛跑 sponsor /ˈspɒnsə(r)/ n. 赞助商；v. 赞助 enthusiasm /ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm/ n. 热情；热心 rewarding /rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ/ adj. 值得做的 transform /trænsˈfɔːm/ v. 使改观；使改变形态 stretch /stretʃ/ v. 伸展；拉长；撑大 involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ v. 加入；牵涉到 palm tree —— phr. 棕榈树 crystal clear —— phr. 清澈透明的；晶莹的 coconut milk —— phr. 椰奶 the human face of —— phr. (某主题、话题等的) 标志性人物 weather forecast —— phr. 天气预报 relay race —— phr. 接力赛 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 (1) predict v. 预言；预告→prediction n. 预言；预测→predictable adj. 可预测的→predictably adv. 可预测地 (2) preserve v. 保护；保存→preservation n. 保护；保存→preservative n. 防腐剂；保护剂 (3) threaten v. 危及；对…… 构成威胁；威胁；恐吓→threat n. 威胁；恐吓→threatening adj. 威胁的；恐吓的 (4) inform v. 通知；通告→information n. 信息；消息→informative adj. 提供信息的；增长见闻的 (5) advocate v. 拥护；支持；提倡 n. 支持者→advocacy n. 拥护；支持；提倡 (6) recycle v. 回收利用→recycling n. 回收利用→recyclable adj. 可回收的 (7) convince v.（词源关联 convinced）→convinced adj. 坚信的；深信的→convincing adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的→conviction n. 信念；坚信 (8) transform v. 使改观；使改变形态→transformation n. 改观；转变→transformative adj. 变革性的；转换的 (9) involve v. 加入；牵涉到→involvement n. 参与；牵涉→involved adj. 参与的；有关联的 (10) defend v. 保护；防御→defence n. 防御；保卫→defensive adj. 防御的；防卫的 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 英文词组 / 短语 中文释义 palm tree 棕榈树 crystal clear 清澈透明的；晶莹的 coconut milk 椰奶 the human face of (某主题、话题等的) 标志性人物 weather forecast 天气预报 relay race 接力赛 考向1 完成句子（本单元词汇巩固） 补全句子翻译，其中有一个多余项 A. predict B. preserve C. threaten D. inform E. advocate F. recycle G. convince H. transform I. involve J. defend K. expand (1) Scientists ______ that the temperature will rise by 2℃ in the next decade.（科学家预测未来十年气温将上升 2 摄氏度。） (2) We should take measures to ______ the endangered species.（我们应该采取措施保护濒危物种。） (3) Pollution ______ the health of people living in this area.（污染危及生活在这个地区的人们的健康。） (4) Please ______ us of any changes to the plan in advance.（如果计划有任何变动，请提前通知我们。） (5) Many experts ______ using public transport to reduce air pollution.（许多专家提倡使用公共交通以减少空气污染。） (6) It’s our duty to ______ waste paper and plastic bottles.（回收废纸和塑料瓶是我们的责任。） (7) He managed to ______ his parents to let him study abroad.（他成功说服父母让他出国留学。） (8) The new policy has ______ the local education system greatly.（这项新政策极大地改变了当地的教育体系。） (9) All students are encouraged to ______ in the school sports meeting.（鼓励所有学生参加学校运动会。） (10) Soldiers are trained to ______ their country against enemies.（士兵们接受训练，保卫国家抵御敌人。） Keys： 1-5：predict; preserve; threatens; inform; advocate 6-10: recycle; convince; transformed; involve; defend 考向2 选词填空（本单元话题语篇） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．generous     B．statistics    C． building     D．chance     E. addition     F. contribution G. threatening H. benefit     I. further     J. highlight     K. impact Attracting donations is a chief concern for nonprofit organizations and projects. An effective, professional donation-request letter is a necessary tool for fund-raising. Researching possible donors and 11 a database of names and organizations is one key to success, but the ability to write a donation-request letter has an even greater 12 on successful fund-raising. Research potential donors via the Internet. Research small companies in 13 to large foundations. Sometimes a small local company will assist you in reaching your goal. A simple appeal to a public-spirited local firm may inspire a surprisingly 14 donation. Find the appropriate contact person. Address your letter to a real person who is in a position to entitle a donation. Beginning your letter with “To Whom It May Concern” or “Dear Country Market” stands little 15 of attracting the attention of the right staff member. And then, structure the letter properly. Begin your letter with a vivid and readable description of your organization’s work, and 16 a recent success story. Continue with a few general 17 to impress the contact person with your organization's efficiency and effectiveness. Next, describe in full the current project or effort for which a donation is needed and who will 18 . Include all contact information, including telephone, fax and email, and end by inviting the person to contact you if any   19 information is needed. Finally, hand on the letter to colleagues for proofreading and suggestions. Keep careful records of donations and send thank-you letters. Donors often are willing to contribute again if they are shown how their 20 was put to use. Follow-up letters can assist in this effort. 【答案】 11．C 12．K 13．E 14．A 15．D 16．J 17．B 18．H 19．I 20．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了吸引捐款是非营利组织和项目的主要关注点。列举了一些有助于吸引捐款的方式。 11．考查动词。句意：研究可能的捐赠者，建立名字和组织的数据库是成功的关键之一，但写捐赠请求信的能力对成功的筹款有更大的影响。根据“a database of names”以及句意“建立”可知应填build，用动名词形式。故选C。 12．考查名词。句意：研究可能的捐赠者，建立名字和组织的数据库是成功的关键之一，但写捐赠请求信的能力对成功的筹款有更大的影响。根据“but the ability to write a donation-request letter has an even greater”以及句意“影响。”可知应填名词impact，作宾语。故选K。 13．考查名词。句意：除了大型基金会之外，还要研究小型公司。根据“to large foundations”以及句意“除了……还”可知应填名词addition，作宾语。故选E。 14．考查形容词。句意：向一家热心公益的当地公司发出一个简单的呼吁，可能会激发一笔惊人的慷慨捐赠。根据“A simple appeal to a public-spirited local firm may inspire a surprisingly”以及句意“慷慨”可知应填形容词generous，作定语修饰名词donation。故选A。 15．考查名词。句意：以“致有关人士”或“亲爱的国家市场”开头的信件几乎不可能吸引合适的工作人员的注意。根据“of attracting the attention of the right staff member”以及句意“可能”可知应填名词chance，作宾语。故选D。 16．考查动词。句意：信的开头要生动易懂地描述公司的工作，并突出最近的成功案例。根据“a recent success story”以及句意“突出”可知应填动词highlight，故选J。 17．考查名词。句意：继续用一些一般的统计数据来给联系人留下你们公司的效率和效力的印象。根据“with your organization’s efficiency and effectiveness”以及句意“统计数据”可知应填名词statistics，作宾语。故选B。 18．考查动词。句意：接下来，详细描述当前需要捐款的项目或努力，以及谁将受益。根据“describe in full the current project or effort for which a donation is needed and who will”以及句意“受益”可知应填动词benefit，will后跟动词原形。故选H。 19．考查形容词。句意：包括所有的联系方式，包括电话，传真和电子邮件，最后邀请对方联系你，如果需要进一步的信息。根据“information is needed”以及句意“进一步的”可知应填形容词further，修饰名词information。故选I。 20．考查名词。句意：如果捐助者看到他们的捐款是如何使用的，他们往往愿意再次捐款。根据“Donors often are willing to contribute again if they are shown how their”以及句意“捐款”可知应填名词contribution，作主语。故选F。 Unit 3 Paying the price 词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 / 短语 音标 词性及释义 advertisement /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/ n. 广告；启事 celebrity /səˈlebrəti/ n. 名人；名流 genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/ adj. 真的 advertise /ˈædvətaɪz/ v. 做广告；登广告 unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/ adj. 特别的；不寻常的；罕见的 identical /aɪˈdentɪkl/ adj. 完全同样的；相同的 contrary /ˈkɒntrəri/ adj. 与之相异的；相对立的；相反的 spot /spɒt/ v. 看见；看出；注意到；发现；n. 地点；场所 trick /trɪk/ v. 欺骗；欺诈；n. 诡计；花招；骗局；把戏 billion /ˈbɪljən/ num. 十亿 conventional /kənˈvenʃənl/ adj. 依照惯例的；遵循习俗的；墨守成规的；普通平凡的 launch /lɔːntʃ/ v. (首次) 上市，发行；开始从事，发起，发动 (尤指有组织的活动) trendsetter /ˈtrendsetə(r)/ n. 新潮倡导者 contract /ˈkɒntrækt/ n. 合同；合约；契约；v. /kənˈtrækt/ 与… 订立合同 (或契约) hire /ˈhaɪə(r)/ v. 聘用；租用 agency /ˈeɪdʒənsi/ n. 服务机构；(尤指) 代理机构，经销机构 luxury /ˈlʌkʃəri/ n. 奢侈品；奢侈的享受；奢华 display /dɪˈspleɪ/ v. 展出；展示；n. 陈列；展览 purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/ n. 购买的东西；购买；采购；v. 买；购买；采购 sample /ˈsɑːmpl/ n. (作为标准或代表的) 样品，货样；(抽查的) 样本，样品 anyhow /ˈenihaʊ/ adv. 加之；反正 psychologist /saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/ n. 心理学家 respectively /rɪˈspektɪvli/ adv. 分别；各自；顺序为；依次为 borderline /ˈbɔːdəlaɪn/ n. 两种品质 (或状况) 之间的分界线 stimulate /ˈstɪmjuleɪt/ v. 促进；激发；激励 abstract /ˈæbstrækt/ adj. 抽象的 concept /ˈkɒnsept/ n. 概念；观念 ideal /aɪˈdiːəl/ adj. 完美的；理想的；最合适的 quote /kwəʊt/ v. 引用；引述；n. 原话 finding /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/ n. 调查发现；调研结果 fake /feɪk/ adj. 假的 * discount /ˈdɪskaʊnt/ n. 折扣 weekly /ˈwiːkli/ adj. 每周的 monthly /ˈmʌnθli/ adj. 每月的；每月一次的 publication /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. (书刊等的) 出版，发行；出版物 * academic /ˌækəˈdemɪk/ adj. 学业的；教学的；学术的 cottage /ˈkɒtɪdʒ/ n. 小屋；(尤指) 村舍，小别墅 cotton /ˈkɒtn/ n. 棉；棉花 crop /krɒp/ n. 庄稼；作物 harvest /ˈhɑːvɪst/ v. 收割 (庄稼)；n. 季节；收割；收获 guarantee /ˌɡærənˈtiː/ n. 保证；担保；v. 保证；担保；保障 available /əˈveɪləbl/ adj. 可获得的；可购得的；可找到的 specialist /ˈspeʃəlɪst/ adj. 专门的；n. 专家 ethical /ˈeθɪkl/ adj. 合乎道德的；(有关) 道德的，伦理的 * canteen /kænˈtiːn/ n. 食堂；餐厅 identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ v. 确认；认出 priority /praɪˈɒrəti/ n. 优先事项；最重要的事 faulty /ˈfɔːlti/ adj. 不完美的；有错误的；有缺陷的 complain /kəmˈpleɪn/ v. 抱怨；埋怨；投诉；发牢骚 FALSE /fɔːls/ adj. 错误的；不正确的；不真实的；假的；伪造的 madam /ˈmædəm/ n. 夫人；女士 adjust /əˈdʒʌst/ v. 调整；调节 loose /luːs/ adj. 疏松的；不结实的 faithfully /ˈfeɪθfəli/ adv. 忠实地；忠诚地；准确地；如实地；仔细地 origin /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/ n. 起源；源头；起因 pack /pæk/ v. 收拾 (行李); 装 (箱) suitcase /ˈsuːtkeɪs/ n. (旅行用的) 手提箱 lunar /ˈluːnə(r)/ adj. 月球的；月亮的 harmonious /hɑːˈməʊniəs/ adj. 友好和睦的；和谐的 toast /təʊst/ n. 干杯；祝酒；敬酒 ingredient /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/ n. 成分；(尤指烹饪) 材料 grocery /ˈɡrəʊsəri/ n. 食品杂货店 jewellery /ˈdʒuːəlri/ n. 珠宝；首饰 * trend /trend/ n. 趋势；趋向 wrap /ræp/ v. 包，裹 (礼物等) commercialize /kəˈmɜːʃəlaɪz/ v. (尤指不择手段地) 利用…… 牟利；商业化 stealth marketing —— phr. 隐形营销 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 (1) advertise v. 做广告；登广告→advertisement n. 广告；启事→advertising n. 广告业；广告活动→advertiser n. 广告商 (2) identify v. 确认；认出→identification n. 确认；识别→identifiable adj. 可识别的；可确认的 (3) conventional adj. 依照惯例的；遵循习俗的；墨守成规的；普通平凡的→convention n. 惯例；习俗；大会→conventionally adv. 按照惯例；通常 (4) luxury n. 奢侈品；奢侈的享受；奢华→luxurious adj. 奢侈的；豪华的→luxuriously adv. 奢侈地；豪华地 (5) purchase v. 买；购买；采购 n. 购买的东西；购买；采购→purchaser n. 购买者；采购商 (6) guarantee v. 保证；担保；保障 n. 保证；担保→guaranteed adj. 有保证的；确定的 (7) adjust v. 调整；调节→adjustment n. 调整；调节→adjustable adj. 可调整的；可调节的 (8) complain v. 抱怨；埋怨；投诉；发牢骚→complaint n. 抱怨；投诉→complaining adj. 抱怨的；诉苦的 (9) origin n. 起源；源头；起因→original adj. 最初的；原始的；新颖的 n. 原作；原件→originally adv. 最初；起初 (10) commercialize v. (尤指不择手段地) 利用…… 牟利；商业化→commercial adj. 商业的；营利的 n. 商业广告→commercialization n. 商业化 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 英文词组 / 短语 中文释义 stealth marketing 隐形营销 考向1 完成句子（本单元词汇巩固） 补全句子翻译，其中有一个多余项 A. advertise B. identify C. conventional D. luxury E. purchase F. guarantee G. adjust H. complain I. origin J. commercialize K. expand 1.The company spent a lot of money to ______ its new product on TV.（该公司花了很多钱在电视上为其新产品做广告。） 2.The police are working hard to ______ the suspect in the case.（警方正努力确认案件中的嫌疑人。） 3.He doesn’t like ______ ways of doing things and always tries new methods.（他不喜欢墨守成规的做事方式，总是尝试新方法。） 4.For most people, owning a private jet is a ______ they can’t afford.（对大多数人来说，拥有私人飞机是他们负担不起的奢侈品。） 5.She went to the supermarket to ______ some daily necessities.（她去超市购买了一些日用品。） 6.The brand ______ that all its products are of high quality.（该品牌保证其所有产品质量都很高。） 7.You need to ______ the volume of the radio to make it quieter.（你需要调节收音机的音量，让它声音小一点。） 8.Customers often ______ about the poor service in this restaurant.（顾客经常抱怨这家餐厅的服务差。） 9.The ______ of this traditional festival can be traced back to 2000 years ago.（这个传统节日的起源可以追溯到 2000 年前。） 10.Some people think it’s wrong to ______ historical sites for profit.（有些人认为为了牟利而将历史遗迹商业化是错误的。） Keys： 1-5：advertise; identify; conventional; luxury; purchase 6-10: guarantees; adjust; complain; origin; commercialize 考向2 选词填空（本单元话题语篇） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．fertile  B．rewoven C． deep-rooted D．recapture  E. produce  F. needlessly G. foodstuffs H. minerals  I. worthlessly  J. document  K. deforested The Promise of the Circular Economy The origins of the expression “waste not, want not” can be traced to the 1500s.We feel bad when we expend resources 21 (like leaving lights on when we’re away) or throw out things that shouldn’t have become trash (like uneaten, past-its-prime produce). This is a 22 guilty feeling. But we do waste in ways big and small. The result is this shocking fact: Of the 23 , fossil fuels, and other raw materials that we take from the Earth and turn into products, about two-thirds end up as waste. And, more likely than not, that waste is part of a larger environmental problem. “Plastic trash drifted into 24 soils, rivers and oceans. A third of all food rotted, even as the Amazon was 25 to produce more,” writes senior environment editor Robert Kunzig in “The End of Trash”. Climate change is what happens when “we burn fossil fuels and spread the waste – carbon dioxide -- into the atmosphere.” What if we could 26 waste and turn it into something else? This concept, called the circular economy, is not entirely new. For generations, in Prato, Italy, old wool sweaters have been reduced to their knitting thread and 27 into new clothes. And environmentalists have supported the ideas of “reduce, reuse and recycle” since the 1970s. Kunzig was sent to 28 where the new circular economy is taking hold. They found a lot of examples. In London, researchers are feeding rotted farm 29 to insects, which are made into animal feed. In hotel kitchens around the world, chefs are reducing waste from 30 like cookies, yogurt and Coke with AI garbage cans that measure it. “It reminds me of a line in Diner, a movie I love: If you don’t have good dreams, you got nightmares.” Kunzig said, “The circular economy is like that -- it’s a dream we have to try to make real.” 【答案】 21．F 22．C 23．H 24．A 25．K 26．D 27．B 28．J 29．E 30．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是可以减少浪费的循环经济。 21．考查副词。句意：当我们消耗不必要的资源（比如外出时不关灯）或扔掉不该变成垃圾的东西（比如未食用的、过期的农产品）时，我们会感觉很糟糕。由“like leaving lights on when we’re away”可知，外出时不关灯是一种不必要的资源浪费，空格处用副词修饰动词expend，意为“不必要地”，是needlessly。故选F。 22．考查形容词。句意：这是一种根深蒂固的负罪感。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词feeling，由“The origins of the expression “waste not, want not” can be traced to the 1500s”可知，这是一种根深蒂固的负罪感，空格处意为“根深蒂固的”，是deep-rooted，故选C。 23．考查名词。句意：结果是一个令人震惊的事实：在我们从地球上获取并转化为产品的矿物、化石燃料和其他原材料中，大约三分之二最终成为废物。由“fossil fuels, and other raw materials”可知，空格处应是一种原材料，观察选项可知，空格处是“矿物”，故选H。 24．考查形容词。句意：塑料垃圾流进了肥沃的土壤、河流和海洋。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词soils，可用“肥沃的”，即fertile，故选A。 25．考查被动语态。句意：尽管亚马逊雨林被砍伐以生产更多的食物，但仍有三分之一的食物腐烂了。由“to produce more”可知，句子表示“亚马逊雨林被砍伐以生产更多的食物”，空格处意为“砍伐”，是deforest，句子用被动语态，空前有was，因此空格处用过去分词deforested，故选K。 26．考查动词。句意：如果我们能回收废物并将其转化成其他东西呢？由“turn it into something else? This concept, called the circular economy”可知，句子表示“回收废物并将其转化成其他东西”，空格处意为“回收”，也就是“重新拿回”，是recapture，could是情态动词，其后跟动词原形，故选D。 27．考查被动语态。句意：在意大利的普拉托，几代人以来，旧的羊毛衫已经变成了他们的针织线，并重新编织成新衣服。由“into new clothes”可知，旧的羊毛衫已经变成了他们的针织线，并重新编织成新衣服，空格处意为“重新编织”，是rewoven，线是被重新编织，句子用被动语态，前面有have been，因此空格处用过去分词rewoven，故选B。 28．考查动词。句意：昆齐格被派去记录新的循环经济正在生根发芽的地方。由“where the new circular economy is taking hold. They found a lot of examples”可知，昆齐格被派去记录新的循环经济正在生根发芽的地方，空格处意为“记录”，是document，空格处用不定式表目的，空格处用原形，故选J。 29．考查名词。句意：在伦敦，研究人员将腐烂的农产品喂给昆虫，这些昆虫被制成动物饲料。由“feeding rotted farm___9__to insects”可知，研究人员将腐烂的农产品喂给昆虫，故选E。 30．考查名词。句意：在世界各地的酒店厨房里，厨师们正在用人工智能垃圾桶来测量饼干、酸奶和可乐等食物的浪费。由“like cookies, yogurt and Coke”可知，这些都是食物，空格处意为“食物”，是foodstuff，需用复数，表示不止一种食物，故选G。 Unit 4 The senses 词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 单词 / 短语 音标 词性及释义 flavour /ˈfleɪvə(r)/ n. 味道；口味 scent /sent/ n. 香味 raw /rɔː/ adj. 生的 insist /ɪnˈsɪst/ v. 坚持说 tongue /tʌŋ/ n. 舌；舌头 * detect /dɪˈtekt/ v. 发现；查明 bitter /ˈbɪtə(r)/ adj. (食物等) 苦的 cabbage /ˈkæbɪdʒ/ n. 卷心菜；洋白菜 onion /ˈʌnjən/ n. 洋葱 ripe /raɪp/ adj. 成熟的 exceptionally /ɪkˈsepʃənəli/ adv. 特别；非常 distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/ v. 辨别；分清 salty /ˈsɔːlti/ adj. 咸的；含盐的 sour /ˈsaʊə(r)/ adj. 酸的 sensitive /ˈsensətɪv/ adj. 灵敏的；善解人意的 bath /bɑːθ/ n. 浴缸；浴盆 pinch /pɪntʃ/ v. 捏 * somewhat /ˈsʌmwɒt/ adv. 有点；有几分 texture /ˈtekstʃə(r)/ n. 口感 * creamy /ˈkriːmi/ adj. 像奶油的；含乳脂的 unpleasant /ʌnˈpleznt/ adj. 令人不快的；不舒服的 perceive /pəˈsiːv/ v. 察觉到；洞察 appetite /ˈæpɪtaɪt/ n. 食欲；胃口 claim /kleɪm/ v. 声称；断言；主张；n. 声明；宣称 riddle /ˈrɪdl/ n. 无法解释的情况 differ /ˈdɪfə(r)/ v. 有区别；不同于 dessert /dɪˈzɜːt/ n. 甜点；甜食 combination /ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 结合体；混合体 rescue /ˈreskjuː/ n. 救援；营救；v. 营救，解救 bury /ˈberi/ v. 覆盖；埋葬；安葬 injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ n. (对身体的) 伤害，损伤 ankle /ˈæŋkl/ n. 踝；踝关节 warning /ˈwɔːnɪŋ/ n. 警告；警示 react /riˈækt/ v. 作出反应；回应 panic /ˈpænɪk/ v. 惊慌失措；n. 恐慌 bark /bɑːk/ v. (狗) 吠叫 grateful /ˈɡreɪtfl/ adj. 感激的 frequency /ˈfriːkwənsi/ n. 发生率 radiation /ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/ n. 辐射 elective /ɪˈlektɪv/ adj. 选修的 expand /ɪkˈspænd/ v. 增加 encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)/ v. 遭遇；遇到 impairment /ɪmˈpeəmənt/ n. 缺陷；障碍 * construct /kənˈstrʌkt/ v. 修建；建造 facility /fəˈsɪləti/ n. 设施；设备 barrier /ˈbæriə(r)/ n. 障碍物 challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ n. 挑战；艰巨任务 investigate /ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt/ v. 调查；侦查 preference /ˈprefrəns/ n. 偏爱；喜爱 principle /ˈprɪnsəpl/ n. 法则；原则 complaint /kəmˈpleɪnt/ n. 抱怨 ringtone /ˈrɪŋtəʊn/ n. (尤指移动电话的) 铃声 disturb /dɪˈstɜːb/ v. 打扰；干扰 bother /ˈbɒðə(r)/ v. 使 (某人) 烦恼 (或担忧) flow /fləʊ/ n. 连贯；流畅 quantity /ˈkwɒntəti/ n. 数量 spicy /ˈspaɪsi/ adj. 用香料调味的 * tent /tent/ n. 帐篷 * lamp /læmp/ n. 灯 hike /haɪk/ v. 去…… 远足；徒步旅行；n. 远足；徒步旅行 incident /ˈɪnsɪdənt/ n. 发生的事情 (尤指不寻常的) thunderstorm /ˈθʌndəstɔːm/ n. 雷雨；雷暴 whisper /ˈwɪspə(r)/ v. 耳语；低语；悄声说 stare /steə(r)/ v. 盯着看；凝视 creature /ˈkriːtʃə(r)/ n. 生物；动物 merciless /ˈmɜːsɪləs/ adj. 残忍的 switch /swɪtʃ/ v. 关 / 开 (电灯、机器等)；n. 开关 taste bud —— phr. 味蕾 in conclusion —— phr. 最后 nail clippers —— phr. 指甲刀；指甲钳 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 (1) detect v. 发现；查明→detection n. 发现；查明→detective n. 侦探；警探 adj. 侦探的 (2) distinguish v. 辨别；分清→distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的→distinction n. 区别；差别；荣誉 (3) sensitive adj. 灵敏的；善解人意的→sensitivity n. 敏感性；灵敏度→sensitive adj. 灵敏的；敏感的（同形）→sensitively adv. 敏感地；灵敏地 (4) perceive v. 察觉到；洞察→perception n. 感知；看法；洞察力→perceptive adj. 有洞察力的；感知力强的 (5) claim v. 声称；断言；主张 n. 声明；宣称→claimant n. 索赔人；声称者→claimable adj. 可要求的；可主张的 (6) expand v. 增加；扩大→expansion n. 扩大；扩张；膨胀→expansive adj. 广阔的；扩张的 (7) construct v. 修建；建造→construction n. 建造；建设；结构→constructive adj. 建设性的；有益的→constructor n. 建造者；构造函数 (8) prefer v.（词源关联 preference）→preference n. 偏爱；喜爱→preferable adj. 更可取的；更好的→preferably adv. 更可取地；最好 (9) disturb v. 打扰；干扰→disturbance n. 打扰；干扰；骚乱→disturbing adj. 令人不安的；烦扰的 (10) investigate v. 调查；侦查→investigation n. 调查；侦查→investigative adj. 调查的；侦查的→investigator n. 调查者；侦查员 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 英文词组 / 短语 中文释义 taste bud 味蕾 in conclusion 最后 nail clippers 指甲刀；指甲钳 考向1 完成句子（本单元词汇巩固） 补全句子翻译，其中有一个多余项 A. detect B. distinguish C. sensitive D. perceive E. claim F. expand G. construct H. prefer I. disturb J. investigate K. flow 1. The machine can ______ even the smallest amount of harmful substances in water.（这台机器能检测出水中即使是极微量的有害物质。） 2. It’s hard to ______ the difference between these two similar products.（很难区分这两种相似产品之间的差别。） 3. Her ears are very ______ to loud noises, so she always wears earplugs in noisy places.（她的耳朵对 loud 噪音很敏感，所以在嘈杂的地方她总是戴耳塞。） 4. He ______ a change in his mother’s attitude towards him recently.（他最近察觉到母亲对他的态度发生了变化。） 5. The company ______ that its new product can help people lose weight quickly.（该公司声称其新产品能帮助人们快速减肥。） 6. The company plans to ______ its business to other cities next year.（该公司计划明年将业务扩展到其他城市。） 7. Workers are busy ______ a new bridge over the river.（工人们正忙着在河上修建一座新桥。） 8. Most children ______ sweet food to spicy food.（大多数孩子比起辛辣食物更喜欢甜食。） 9. Please don’t make too much noise, as it may ______ the patients in the next room.（请不要制造太多噪音，因为这可能会打扰到隔壁房间的病人。） 10. The police have started to ______ the cause of the accident.（警方已开始调查这起事故的原因。） Keys： 1-5：detect; distinguish; sensitive; perceives; claims 6-10: expand; constructing; prefer; disturb; investigate 考向2 选词填空（本单元话题语篇） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．adapting    B．cast     C． dimension  D．distance    E. evident     F. picture    G. preparatory    H. referring    I. solidified    J. sought    K. tune Audrey Flack — A Photo-realist Representative The photo-realist movement, emerging in the late 1960s and 1970s in the United States and Europe, desired to produce works indistinguishable from high-resolution photographs. Audrey Flack, an American painter and sculptor whose choice of subject matter added a(n) 31 to the movement, was one of the first artists to use a projection of a photograph as an aid to painting. Flack graduated from Yale with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1952 and was influenced by her teacher’s Abstract Expressionist style, 32 in her early work. The next year she studied art history at New York University’s Institute of Fine Arts. During the late 1950s Flack began to 33 herself from this style, which she felt did not communicate effectively or clearly with viewers. She looked to artists such as Spanish Baroque artist Luisa Roldán as models. One representative of her photo-realist paintings was Macarena of Miracles, directly 34 to Roldán’s sculpture Virgen de la Macarena, La Esperanza. During the 1960s, the artist continued to 35 her photographic method and her subject matter. Unlike male photo-realists such as Richard Estes and Chuck Close, who chose subjects that avoided emotional content, Flack 36 to convey a broader meaning through her work. While going on to create works with sociopolitical commentary, she started to 37 everyday items such as handbags and makeup, using them to question their role in shaping female identity. A significant painting from this period, Farb Family Portrait (1969–70), was the result of a new working technique. Starting with a slide of the family portrait (肖像), Flack 38 the photo onto the canvas (画布) and used it as her guide for painting. This method relieved her of having to make 39 drawings. She also developed a method of applying paint in layers with an airbrush. Using those innovations, Flack masterfully created a number of symbolic works. Through these practices, Flack 40 her role as a pioneer who expanded photorealism beyond mere copying, implanting it with layered narratives about identity and societal norms. 【答案】 31．C 32．E 33．D 34．H 35．K 36．J 37．F 38．B 39．G 40．I 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了美国画家和雕塑家Audrey Flack。 31．考查名词。句意：美国画家和雕塑家Audrey Flack是最早使用照片投影辅助绘画的艺术家之一，她选择的主题为这一运动增添了一个维度。空处应填名词单数作宾语，根据“one of the first artists to use a projection of a photograph as an aid to painting”可知，她是最早使用照片投影辅助绘画的艺术家之一，故她选择的主题为这一运动增添了一个维度，C项dimension“维度”符合语境，故选C。 32．考查形容词。句意：1952年，Flack毕业于耶鲁大学，获得美术学士学位，她的早期作品明显受到了她老师抽象表现主义风格的影响。根据“was influenced by her teacher’s Abstract Expressionist style”可知，她受到老师抽象表现主义风格的影响，应是在作品中有所体现，E项evident“明显的”符合语境，形容词作状语，故填E。 33．考查动词。句意：在20世纪50年代末，Flack开始与这种风格保持距离，她觉得这种风格无法与观众有效或清晰地沟通。空处应填动词原形和前面的to构成动词不定式，根据“which she felt did not communicate effectively or clearly with viewers”可知，此处指“Flack开始与这种风格保持距离”，D项distance“拉开距离，与……疏远”符合语境，故选D。 34．考查动词。句意：她的照相写实主义绘画的一个代表是Macarena of Miracles，直接参考了Roldán的雕塑Virgen de la Macarena, La Esperanza。根据上文“She looked to artists such as Spanish Baroque artist Luisa Roldán as models. (她以西班牙巴洛克艺术家Luisa Roldán等艺术家为榜样。)”可知，她以Luisa Roldán为榜样，故此处指她的作品参考了Luisa Roldán的雕塑，H项referring“参考”符合语境，为现在分词作状语，故选H。 35．考查动词。句意：在20世纪60年代，这位艺术家继续调整她的摄影方法和她的主题。空处应填动词原形和前面的to构成动词不定式，根据上文提到她与抽象表现主义风格拉开距离，以Luisa Roldán为榜样可知，此处指“位艺术家继续调整她的摄影方法和她的主题”，K项tune“调整”符合语境，故选K。 36．考查动词。句意：与Richard Estes和Chuck Close等男性照片现实主义者选择避免情感内容的主题不同，Flack试图通过她的作品传达更广泛的意义。空处是谓语动词，根据“to convey a broader meaning through her work”可知，此处指“Flack试图通过她的作品传达更广泛的意义”，seek to do“试图/设法做”，描述过去发生的事情使用一般过去时，故选J。 37．考查动词。句意：在继续创作带有社会政治评论的作品时，她开始描绘手袋和化妆品等日常用品，并用它们来质疑它们在塑造女性身份方面的作用。空处应填动词原形和前面的to构成动词不定式，此处指“她开始描绘手袋和化妆品等日常用品”，F项picture“描绘”符合语境，故选F。 38．考查动词。句意：Flack从一张全家福的幻灯片开始，把照片投影在画布上，作为她的绘画指南。根据“onto the canvas (画布)”可知，此处指“把照片投影在画布上”，B项cast“投影”符合语境，故选B。 39．考查形容词。句意：这种方法使她不必先画草图。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词drawings，G项 preparatory项“准备的，筹备的”符合语境，故选G。 40．考查动词。句意：通过这些实践，Flack巩固了她作为先驱的角色，她将照片现实主义扩展到不仅仅是复制，而是植入了关于身份和社会规范的分层叙事。根据“her role as a pioneer”可知，此处指“Flack巩固了她作为先驱的角色”，I项solidified“巩固”符合语境，故选I。 5 / 38 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $